101
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Zhao A, Wang S, Chen W, Zheng X, Huang F, Han X, Ge K, Rajani C, Huang Y, Yu H, Zhu J, Jia W. Increased levels of conjugated bile acids are associated with human bile reflux gastritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11601. [PMID: 32665615 PMCID: PMC7360626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play essential roles in facilitating lipid digestion and absorption in the intestine. Gastric BAs were attributed to abnormal refluxing from duodenal compartments and correlated with the occurrence of gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, the differences in gastric BAs between physiologically compromised and healthy individuals have not been fully investigated. In this study, gastric juice was collected from patients clinically diagnosed as gastritis with/without bile reflux and healthy subjects for BA profiles measurements. As a result, we found that the conjugated BAs became prominent components in bile reflux juice, whereas almost equal amounts of conjugated and unconjugated BAs existed in non-bile reflux and healthy juice. To investigate whether gastric BA changes were regulated by hepatic BA synthesis, C57BL/6J mice were intervened with GW4064/resin to decrease/increase hepatic BA synthesis. The results revealed that changes of gastric BAs were coordinated with hepatic BA changes. Additionally, gastric BAs were detected in several healthy mammals, in which there were no obvious differences between the conjugated and unconjugated BAs. Pigs were an exception. Thus, increased levels of conjugated BAs are associated with human bile reflux gastritis. Gastric conjugated BAs could become a panel of biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis of pathological bile reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenlian Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, USA
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaolong Han
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, USA
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, USA
| | - Jinshui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, USA.
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102
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Shah V, Mittal R, Shahal D, Sinha P, Bulut E, Mittal J, Eshraghi AA. Evaluating the Efficacy of Taurodeoxycholic Acid in Providing Otoprotection Using an in vitro Model of Electrode Insertion Trauma. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:113. [PMID: 32760249 PMCID: PMC7372968 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CIs) are widely used to provide auditory rehabilitation to individuals having severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, insertion of electrode leads to inner trauma and activation of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling cascades resulting in loss of residual hearing in implanted individuals. Pharmaceutical interventions that can target these signaling cascades hold great potential for preserving residual hearing by preventing sensory cell damage. Bile salts have shown efficacy in various regions of the body as powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. However, their efficacy against inner ear trauma has never been explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), a bile salt derivative, can prevent sensory cell damage employing an in vitro model of electrode insertion trauma (EIT). The organ of Corti (OC) explants were dissected from postnatal day 3 (P-3) rats and placed in serum-free media. Explants were divided into control and experimental groups: (1) untreated controls; (2) EIT; (3) EIT+ TDCA (different concentrations). Hair cell (HC) density, analyses of apoptosis pathway (cleaved caspase 3), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) were assayed. Treatment with TDCA provided significant otoprotection against HC loss in a dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanisms underlying otoprotection involved decreasing oxidative stress, lowering levels of iNOS, and abrogating generation of cleaved caspase 3. The results of the present study suggest that TDCA provides efficient otoprotection against EIT, in vitro and should be explored for developing pharmaceutical interventions to preserve residual hearing post-cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Shah
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David Shahal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Erdogan Bulut
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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103
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Jia YQ, Yuan ZW, Zhang XS, Dong JQ, Liu XN, Peng XT, Yao WL, Ji P, Wei YM, Hua YL. Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L. ameliorated murine colitis by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112775. [PMID: 32205259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora alopecuroides L. is one of the most commonly used plants in traditional medicine for the management conditions including inflammatory and gastrointestinal disease. However, the therapeutic mechanism of Sophora alopecuroides L.particularly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the treatment effects of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L. in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and explore the therapeutic mechanism of KDZ on UC based on bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis were induced in BALB/c mice by administering 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. The mice were then given KDZ (300, 150 and 75 mg/kg) and the positive drug sulfasalazine (SASP, 450 mg/kg) via oral administration for 7 days. The levels of 23 bile acids in the liver, bile, serum, cecum content and colon were determined through ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The cecum microbiota was characterized through high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS KDZ treatment significantly decreased the disease activity index (DAI) scores and ameliorated colonic injury in DSS-treated mice. The expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 were suppressed, yet, IL-10 was up-regulated by KDZ and SASP treatment compared with those in the model group. Meanwhile, the serum contents of total bile acid and total cholesterol in the DSS group increased significantly compared with those in the control group, but reversed by SASP and KDZ. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased after KDZ was administration, whereas the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased. αMCA, βMCA, ωMCA and CA in the SASP and KDZ groups did not differ from those in the control group, whereas these parameters significantly increased in the DSS group. CONCLUSIONS KDZ had a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by mitigating colonic injury, preventing gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Zi-Wen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Jia-Qi Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xue-Nan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yong-Li Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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104
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Chen J, Sali A, Vitetta L. The gallbladder and vermiform appendix influence the assemblage of intestinal microorganisms. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:541-555. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical procedures for the symptomatic removal of the gallbladder and the vermiform appendix have been posited to adversely shift the assemblage of the intestinal microbiome increasing the risk of disease. The associated mechanisms have been linked with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Cholecystectomy causes changes of bile acid compositions and bile secretion patterns as bile acids interact with the intestinal microbiota in a bidirectional capacity. An appendectomy precludes the further recolonization of the proximal colon with a commensal biofilm that could maintain a stable intestinal microbiome. Epidemiological studies indicate that there is an increased risk of disease rather than causality following a cholecystectomy and appendectomy. This narrative review summarizes studies that report on the role that bile salts and the appendix, contribute to the assemblage of the intestinal microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Research Department, Medlab Clinical Ltd, Sydney, 2015, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, 3022, Australia
| | - Luis Vitetta
- Research Department, Medlab Clinical Ltd, Sydney, 2015, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
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105
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Hospital-Based Preliminary Observations of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Saudi Patients with Colorectal Polyps: A Call for Nutrition Care Integration after Polypectomy Procedure. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical activity, is as important as the standard procedure of colonoscopy screening in reducing CRC development. I explored the dietary intake, physical activity, and selected nutritional biomarkers in Saudi patients with colorectal polyps, a precursor of CRC. Methods: Thirty polypectomy patients (aged 35–84 years) were recruited from an endoscopy unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, physical activity, and food frequency data were collected. Plasma C-reactive protein, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and folate levels were measured. Results: The median body mass index (BMI) of the patients was within the overweight cut-off range. The median consumption of carbohydrate and protein was within the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Median fat consumption was above the RDA, while median fiber intake was below the RDA. Patients met the recommended servings/day of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and protein but exceeded the recommended intake of fats and sweets. Most patients were non-active, with an inadequate level of serum vitamin D. Conclusion: We observed several risk factors previously associated with CRC, including low levels of physical activity, serum vitamin D, and fiber intake, and high BMI and fat intake among polypectomy patients.
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106
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Gupta B, Liu Y, Chopyk DM, Rai RP, Desai C, Kumar P, Farris AB, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Anania FA, Raeman R. Western diet-induced increase in colonic bile acids compromises epithelial barrier in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. FASEB J 2020; 34:7089-7102. [PMID: 32275114 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902687r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence implicating intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we examined the role of bile acids (BA) in western diet (WD)-induced loss of colonic epithelial barrier (CEB) function in mice with a genetic impairment in intestinal epithelial barrier function, junctional adhesion molecule A knockout mice, F11r-/- . WD-fed knockout mice developed severe NASH, which was associated with increased BA concentration in the cecum and loss of CEB function. Analysis of cecal BA composition revealed selective increases in primary unconjugated BAs in the WD-fed mice, which correlated with increased abundance of microbial taxa linked to BA metabolism. In vitro permeability assays revealed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which was elevated in the cecum of WD-fed mice, increased paracellular permeability, while the BA-binding resin sevelamer hydrochloride protected against CDCA-induced loss of barrier function. Sequestration of intestinal BAs by in vivo delivery of sevelamer to WD-fed knockout mice attenuated colonic mucosal inflammation and improved CEB. Sevelamer also reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and improved metabolic derangements associated with NASH. Collectively, these findings highlight a hitherto unappreciated role for BAs in WD-induced impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel M Chopyk
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ravi P Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chirayu Desai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank A Anania
- Division of Gastroenterology and Inborn Error Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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107
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Zhou Y, Ye C, Lou Y, Liu J, Ye S, Chen L, Lei J, Guo S, Zeng S, Yu L. Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Organic Solute Transporter β Repression in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:259-266. [PMID: 32005758 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be the third most common cancer disease and the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Bile acid, especially deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, were revealed to play an important role during carcinogenesis of CRC. In this study, we found organic solute transporter β (OSTβ), an important subunit of a bile acid export transporter OSTα-OSTβ, was noticeably downregulated in CRC. The decline of OSTβ expression in CRC was determined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to evaluate the histone acetylation state at the OSTβ promoter region in vivo and in vitro. CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT15 were treated with trichostation A (TSA) for the subsequent determination, including RT-PCR, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, ChIP, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, to find out which histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases exactly participated in regulation. We demonstrated that after TSA treatment, OSTβ expression increased noticeably because of upregulated H3K27Ac state at OSTβ promoter region. We found that stimulating the expression of p300 with CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit, an activator of p300) and inhibiting p300 expression with C646 (an inhibitor of p300) or siRNA designed for p300 could control OSTβ expression through modulating H3K27Ac state at OSTβ promoter region. Therefore, downregulated expression of p300 in CRC may cause low expression of OSTβ in CRC via epigenetic regulation. Generally, we revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying OSTβ repression in CRC, hoping this mechanism would help us to understand and inhibit carcinogenesis of CRC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) expression is lower in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We revealed the epigenetic mechanisms of it and proved that p300 controls OSTβ expression through modulating H3K27Ac state at OSTβ promoter region and hence causes low expression of OSTβ in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaonan Ye
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqing Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxiu Lei
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suhang Guo
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (Y.Z., C.Y., L.C., J.Le., S.G., S.Z., L.Y.); Departments of Pharmacy (Y.L.) and Radiation Oncology (J.Li.), The First Affiliated Hospital and Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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108
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Bansal M, Fu Y, Alrubaye B, Abraha M, Almansour A, Gupta A, Liyanage R, Wang H, Hargis B, Sun X. A secondary bile acid from microbiota metabolism attenuates ileitis and bile acid reduction in subclinical necrotic enteritis in chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 32190299 PMCID: PMC7069026 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis (NE) is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide annually. Recently, as a result of antibiotic growth promoter prohibition, the prevalence of NE in chickens has reemerged. This study was aimed to reduce NE through titrating dietary deoxycholic acid (DCA) as an effective antimicrobial alternative. Materials and methods Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (basal diet), 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg (on top of basal diet) DCA. The birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima (20,000 oocysts/bird) at d 18 and C. perfringens (109 CFU/bird per day) at d 23, 24, and 25 to induce NE. The birds were sacrificed at d 26 when ileal tissue and digesta were collected for analyzing histopathology, mRNA accumulation and C. perfringens colonization by real-time PCR, targeted metabolomics of bile acids, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results At the cellular level, birds infected with E. maxima and C. perfringens developed subclinical NE and showed shortening villi, crypt hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in ileum. Dietary DCA alleviated the NE-induced ileal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE control birds. Consistent with the increased histopathological scores, subclinical NE birds suffered body weight gain reduction compared to the uninfected birds, an effect attenuated with increased doses of dietary DCA. At the molecular level, the highest dose of DCA at 1.5 g/kg reduced C. perfringens luminal colonization compared to NE birds using PCR and FISH. Furthermore, the dietary DCA reduced subclinical NE-induced intestinal inflammatory gene expression and cell apoptosis using PCR and TUNEL assays. Upon further examining ileal bile acid pool through targeted metabolomics, subclinical NE reduced the total bile acid level in ileal digesta compared to uninfected birds. Notably, dietary DCA increased total bile acid and DCA levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE birds. Conclusion These results indicate that DCA attenuates NE-induced intestinal inflammation and bile acid reduction and could be an effective antimicrobial alternative against the intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Bansal
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ying Fu
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Bilal Alrubaye
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Mussie Abraha
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ayidh Almansour
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Anamika Gupta
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Hong Wang
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Billy Hargis
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,3Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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109
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Loftfield E, Rothwell JA, Sinha R, Keski-Rahkonen P, Robinot N, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Derkach A, Sampson J, Scalbert A, Freedman ND. Prospective Investigation of Serum Metabolites, Coffee Drinking, Liver Cancer Incidence, and Liver Disease Mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:286-294. [PMID: 31168595 PMCID: PMC7073908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee has been consistently associated with lower risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease, suggesting that coffee affects mechanisms underlying disease development. METHODS We measured serum metabolites using untargeted metabolomics in 1:1 matched nested case-control studies of liver cancer (n = 221 cases) and fatal liver disease (n = 242 cases) in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention cohort (n = 29 133). Associations between baseline coffee drinking and metabolites were identified using linear regression; conditional logistic regression models were used to identify associations with subsequent outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 21 metabolites were associated with coffee drinking and also each subsequent endpoint; nine metabolites and trigonelline, a known coffee biomarker, were identified. Tyrosine and two bile acids, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA), were inversely associated with coffee but positively associated with both outcomes; odds ratios (ORs) comparing the 90th to 10th percentile (modeled on a continuous basis) ranged from 3.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.00 to 7.74) for tyrosine to 4.95 (95% CI = 2.64 to 9.29) for GCA and from 4.00 (95% CI = 2.42 to 6.62) for GCA to 6.77 (95% CI = 3.62 to 12.65) for GCDCA for liver cancer and fatal liver disease, respectively. The remaining six metabolites and trigonelline were positively associated with coffee drinking but inversely associated with both outcomes; odds ratio ranged from 0.16 to 0.37. Associations persisted following diet adjustment and for outcomes occurring greater than 10 years after blood collection. CONCLUSIONS A broad range of compounds were associated with coffee drinking, incident liver cancer, and liver disease death over 27 years of follow-up. These associations provide novel insight into chronic liver disease and liver cancer etiology and support a possible hepatoprotective effect of coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Zeng H, Safratowich BD, Wang TTY, Hamlin SK, Johnson LK. Butyrate Inhibits Deoxycholic-Acid-Resistant Colonic Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis: A Potential Pathway Linking Dietary Fiber to Cancer Prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901014. [PMID: 32003143 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Butyrate, an intestinal microbiota metabolite of dietary fiber, exhibits colon cancer preventive effects. In contrast, a high fat intake increases fecal secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA, a potential cancer promoter), which selectively enrich mutant epithelial cells with an abnormally high resistance to DCA-induced apoptosis in the colon. This study is conducted to test the hypothesis that physiological concentrations of butyrate inhibit DCA-resistant colonic cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS With human HCT-116 cells as parental colonic cells, a human DCA-resistant colonic cell line (DCA-RCL) is developed. DCA treatment increases apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (an apoptotic trigger) at a rate threefold greater in HCT-116 cells than in DCA-RCL cells. Subsequently, 41 apoptosis related genes (including signaling pathways) with greater than onefold (mRNA) change in DCA-RCL cells are identified compared with HCT-116 cells. Moreover, butyrate treatment inhibits DCA-RCL cell proliferation with similar efficacy when compared with HCT116 cells via cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that butyrate inhibits DCA-RCL cell proliferation at the cellular and molecular level. These data provide a proof of concept that butyrate can protect against colon carcinogenesis through a specific targeting of DCA-resistant colonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Bryan D Safratowich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Stephanie K Hamlin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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The Relationship between Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancerous Toxin Pathogenesis Theory Basing on Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7162545. [PMID: 32774427 PMCID: PMC7391111 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7162545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in the gut of all mammals. Gut microbiota remains in steady state under normal conditions. Changes in the internal and external environment may cause gut Microbiota to be out of tune. Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases currently endangering human health. CRC (colorectal cancer) has a significant upward trend in morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Technological advances have not yet brought about a breakthrough in the efficacy of CRC. The development of colon cancer is closely related to gut microbiota imbalance. According to more than 60 years of clinical practice, Professor Zhongying Zhou first proposed the pathogenesis theory of "cancerous toxin" in the 1990s and believed that cancerous toxin was a key pathogenesis of tumor development. Under the guidance of the theory of cancerous toxin, combined with clinical practice, Professor Zhou created an effective anticancer Chinese herbal compound, Jiedu Xiaoai Prescription. This paper summarizes recent hotspots related to gut microbiota and the occurrence, development, and prevention of colon cancer at home and abroad. The relationship between gut microbiota and cancerous toxin theory is proposed, and the feasibility of further studying the biological basis of cancerous toxin pathogenesis theory from the perspective of gut microbiota is pointed out.
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112
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G. Robayo DA, F. Hernandez R, T. Erira A, Kandaurova L, L. Juarez C, Juarez V, Cid-Arregui A. Oral Microbiota Associated with Oral and Gastroenteric Cancer. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
When the normal microbiota-host interactions are altered, the commensal microbial community evolves to a dysbiotic status resulting in some species becoming pathogenic and acting synergistically in the development of local and systemic diseases, including cancer. Advances in genetics, immunology and microbiology during the last years have made it possible to gather information on the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome and its interaction with the host, which has led to a better understanding of the interrelationship between microbiota and cancer. There is growing evidence in support for the role of some species in the development, progression and responses to treatment of various types of cancer. Accordingly, the number of studies investigating the association between oral microbiota and oral and gastrointestinal cancers has increased significantly during the last years. Here, we review the literature documenting associations of oral microbiota with oral and gastroenteric cancers.
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113
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Mirzaei R, Mirzaei H, Alikhani MY, Sholeh M, Arabestani MR, Saidijam M, Karampoor S, Ahmadyousefi Y, Moghadam MS, Irajian GR, Hasanvand H, Yousefimashouf R. Bacterial biofilm in colorectal cancer: What is the real mechanism of action? Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104052. [PMID: 32045645 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer around the world. Colorectal cancer has various risk factors, but current works have bolded a significant activity for the microbiota of the human colon in the development of this disease. Bacterial biofilm has been mediated to non-malignant pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease but has not been fully documented in the setting of colorectal cancer. The investigation has currently found that bacterial biofilm is mediated to colon cancer in the human and linked to the location of human cancer, with almost all right-sided adenomas of colon cancers possessing bacterial biofilm, whilst left-sided cancer is rarely biofilm positive. The profound comprehension of the changes in colorectal cancer can provide interesting novel concepts for anticancer treatments. In this review, we will summarize and examine the new knowledge about the links between colorectal cancer and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokri Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Irajian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamze Hasanvand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Tsai MS, Lee HM, Huang SC, Sun CK, Chiu TC, Chen PH, Lin YC, Hung TM, Lee PH, Kao YH. Nerve growth factor induced farnesoid X receptor upregulation modulates autophagy flux and protects hepatocytes in cholestatic livers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 682:108281. [PMID: 32001246 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) in parenchymal hepatocytes has been shown to exert hepatoprotective function during cholestatic liver injury. However, the modulatory role of NGF in regulation of liver autophagy remains unclear. This study aimed to scrutinize the regulatory role of NGF in hepatic expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, and to determine its cytoprotective effect on BA-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity. Livers of human hepatolithiasis and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mouse cholestasis were used for histopathological and molecular detection. The regulatory roles of NGF in autophagy flux and FXR expression, as well as its hepatoprotection against BA cytotoxicity were examined in cultured hepatocytes. FXR downregulation in human hepatolithiasis livers showed positive correlation with hepatic NGF levels. NGF administration upregulated hepatic FXR levels, while neutralization of NGF decreased FXR expression in BDL-induced cholestatic mouse livers. In vitro studies demonstrated that NGF upregulated FXR expression, increased cellular LC3 levels, and exerted hepatoprotective effect in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Conversely, autophagy inhibition abrogated NGF-driven cytoprotection under BA exposure, suggesting involvement of NGF-modulated auophagy flux. Although FXR agonistic GW4064 stimulation did not affect auophagic LC3 levels, FXR activity inhibition significantly potentiated BA-induced cytotoxicity and increased cellular p62/SQSTM1 and Rab7 protein in SK-Hep1 hepatocytes. Moreover, FXR gene silencing abolished the protective effect of NGF under BA exposure. These findings support that NGF modulates autophagy flux via FXR upregulation and protects hepatocytes against BA-induced cytotoxicity. NGF/FXR axis is a novel therapeutic target for treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shian Tsai
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Body Health and Beauty Center, Jiann-Ren Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Hung
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Committee for Integration and Promotion of Advanced Medicine and Biotechnology, E-Da Healthcare Group, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Committee for Integration and Promotion of Advanced Medicine and Biotechnology, E-Da Healthcare Group, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Osadchuk MA, Svistunov AA, Mironova ED, Vasil'eva IN, Kireeva NV. [Diseases of biliary tract in the context of association with oncological diseases of the digestive system]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:98-104. [PMID: 32598596 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.12.000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are widespread among the population and cause significant damage to the health care system. In order to improve the strategy of preventive measures and the detection of oncological diseases at the early stages, it is necessary to provide timely impact on possible risk factors contributing to the onset and progression of malignant neoplasms. This review demonstrates the association between the pathology of the biliary tract and oncological diseases of the digestive system, discusses the possible mechanisms of the influence of cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy on the development of malignant neoplasms of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Osadchuk
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A A Svistunov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E D Mironova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I N Vasil'eva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - N V Kireeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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116
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Francescangeli F, De Angelis ML, Zeuner A. Dietary Factors in the Control of Gut Homeostasis, Intestinal Stem Cells, and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122936. [PMID: 31816977 PMCID: PMC6950549 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Global CRC burden is expected to increase by 60% in the next decade, with low-income countries experiencing an escalation of CRC incidence and mortality in parallel to the adoption of western lifestyles. CRC incidence is also sharply increasing in individuals younger than 50 years, often presenting at advanced stages and with aggressive features. Both genetic and environmental factors have been recognized as major contributors for the development of CRC, the latter including diet-related conditions such as chronic inflammation and obesity. In particular, a diet rich in fat and sugars (Western-style diet, WSD) has been shown to induce multiple pathophysiological changes in the intestine linked to an increased risk of CRC. In this scenario, dietary factors have been recently shown to play novel unexpected roles in the regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and of the gut microbiota, which represent the two main biological systems responsible for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, diet is increasingly recognized to play a key role in the neoplastic transformation of ISCs and in the metabolic regulation of colorectal cancer stem cells. This review illustrates novel discoveries on the role of dietary components in regulating intestinal homeostasis and colorectal tumorigenesis. Particular focus is dedicated to new areas of research with potential clinical relevance including the effect of food components on ISCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), the existence of CRC-specific microbial signatures and the alterations of intestinal homeostasis potentially involved in early-onset CRC. New insights on the role of dietary factors in intestinal regulation will provide new tools not only for the prevention and early diagnosis of CRC but also for improving the effectiveness of current CRC therapies.
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117
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Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:690-704. [PMID: 31554963 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all new cancer cases globally. Located at close proximity to the colorectal epithelium, the gut microbiota comprises a large population of microorganisms that interact with host cells to regulate many physiological processes, such as energy harvest, metabolism and immune response. Sequencing studies have revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in patients with CRC, whereas functional studies in animal models have pinpointed the roles of several bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and certain strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. These findings give new opportunities to take advantage of our knowledge on the gut microbiota for clinical applications, such as gut microbiota analysis as screening, prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or modulating microorganisms to prevent cancer, augment therapies and reduce adverse effects of treatment. This Review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the gut microbiota in colorectal neoplasia, including relevant mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential of utilizing the microbiota as CRC biomarkers, and the prospect for modulating the microbiota for CRC prevention or treatment. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of gut microbiota for CRC in the near future.
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118
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Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid controls Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis through attenuating inflammatory cyclooxygenase signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14541. [PMID: 31601882 PMCID: PMC6787040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens infection has reemerged as a prevalent poultry disease worldwide due to reduced usage of prophylactic antibiotics under consumer preferences and regulatory pressures. The lack of alternative antimicrobial strategies to control this disease is mainly due to limited insight into the relationship between NE pathogenesis, microbiome, and host responses. Here we showed that the microbial metabolic byproduct of secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), at as low as 50 µM, inhibited 82.8% of C. perfringens growth in Tryptic Soy Broth (P < 0.05). Sequential Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens challenges significantly induced NE, severe intestinal inflammation, and body weight (BW) loss in broiler chickens. These negative effects were diminished (P < 0.05) by 1.5 g/kg DCA diet. At the cellular level, DCA alleviated NE-associated ileal epithelial death and significantly reduced lamina propria cell apoptosis. Interestingly, DCA reduced C. perfringens invasion into ileum (P < 0.05) without altering the bacterial ileal luminal colonization. Molecular analysis showed that DCA significantly reduced inflammatory mediators of Infγ, Litaf, Il1β, and Mmp9 mRNA accumulation in ileal tissue. Mechanism studies revealed that C. perfringens induced (P < 0.05) elevated expression of inflammatory mediators of Infγ, Litaf, and Ptgs2 (Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) gene) in chicken splenocytes. Inhibiting the COX signaling by aspirin significantly attenuated INFγ-induced inflammatory response in the splenocytes. Consistent with the in vitro assay, chickens fed 0.12 g/kg aspirin diet protected the birds against NE-induced BW loss, ileal inflammation, and intestinal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, microbial metabolic product DCA prevents NE-induced BW loss and ileal inflammation through attenuating inflammatory response. These novel findings of microbiome protecting birds against NE provide new options on developing next generation antimicrobial alternatives against NE.
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A Reasonable Diet Promotes Balance of Intestinal Microbiota: Prevention of Precolorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3405278. [PMID: 31428633 PMCID: PMC6683831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3405278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes genetics, age, chronic inflammation, and lifestyle. Increasing attention has recently been paid to dietary factors. Evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical research suggests that high-fibre diets can significantly reduce the incidence of CRC, whilst the consumption of high-fat diets, high-protein diets, red meat, and processed meat is high-risk factors for tumorigenesis. Fibre is a regulator of intestinal microflora and metabolism and is thus a key dietary component for maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal microbes are closely linked to CRC, with the growth of certain microbiota (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, or Bacteroides fragilis) favouring carcinogenesis, whilst the dominant microbiota population of the intestine, such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, have multiple mechanisms of antitumour activity. Various dietary components have direct effects on the types of intestinal microflora: in the Western diet mode (high-fat, high-protein, and red meat), the proportion of conditional pathogens in the intestinal flora increases, the proportion of commensal bacteria decreases, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer is promoted. Conversely, a high-fibre diet can increase the abundance of Firmicutes and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides and consequently increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestine, inhibiting the development of CRC. This article reviews the study of the relationship between diet, intestinal microbes, and the promotion or inhibition of CRC and analyses the relevant molecular mechanisms to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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120
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Liu T, Song X, Khan S, Li Y, Guo Z, Li C, Wang S, Dong W, Liu W, Wang B, Cao H. The gut microbiota at the intersection of bile acids and intestinal carcinogenesis: An old story, yet mesmerizing. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1780-1790. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Chuqiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wenxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wentian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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121
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Interplay of Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Neoplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:378-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s11938-019-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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122
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Alrubaye B, Abraha M, Almansour A, Bansal M, Wang H, Kwon YM, Huang Y, Hargis B, Sun X. Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota against Campylobacter jejuni chicken colonization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214705. [PMID: 31276498 PMCID: PMC6611565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite reducing the prevalent foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in chickens decreases campylobacteriosis, few effective approaches are available. The aim of this study was to use microbial metabolic product bile acids to reduce C. jejuni chicken colonization. Broiler chicks were fed with deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The birds were also transplanted with DCA modulated anaerobes (DCA-Anaero) or aerobes (DCA-Aero). The birds were infected with human clinical isolate C. jejuni 81-176 or chicken isolate C. jejuni AR101. Notably, C. jejuni 81-176 was readily colonized intestinal tract at d16 and reached an almost plateau at d21. Remarkably, DCA excluded C. jejuni cecal colonization below the limit of detection at 16 and 28 days of age. Neither chicken ages of infection nor LCA or UDCA altered C. jejuni AR101 chicken colonization level, while DCA reduced 91% of the bacterium in chickens at d28. Notably, DCA diet reduced phylum Firmicutes but increased Bacteroidetes compared to infected control birds. Importantly, DCA-Anaero attenuated 93% of C. jejuni colonization at d28 compared to control infected birds. In conclusion, DCA shapes microbiota composition against C. jejuni colonization in chickens, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between microbiota and microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alrubaye
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mussie Abraha
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ayidh Almansour
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Billy Hargis
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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123
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Peng Z, Chen J, Drachenberg CB, Raufman JP, Xie G. Farnesoid X receptor represses matrix metalloproteinase 7 expression, revealing this regulatory axis as a promising therapeutic target in colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8529-8542. [PMID: 30967475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of bile acid-activated transcription factors and an important regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling. Down-regulated expression of FXR plays an important role in some malignancies such as colon cancer, and in rodent models of intestinal neoplasia, FXR knockout increases the size and number of colon tumors. These previous observations implicate FXR as a tumor suppressor, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Employing complementary experimental approaches and using human colon cancer specimens, human and murine colon cancer cell lines, and FXR transgenic mice, here we identified an additional, potentially important role for FXR. We observed an inverse relationship between the expression of FXR and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), a collagenase and signaling molecule consistently associated with colon cancer progression. We noted that FXR gene ablation increases MMP7 expression. Consistent with this finding, FXR overexpression and a dominant-negative FXR mutation reduced and augmented, respectively, MMP7 expression. Of note, MMP7 was the only MMP gene family member whose expression was down-regulated after FXR activation. FXR-mediated regulation of MMP7 transcription did not require heterodimerization with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), indicating that FXR represses MMP7 expression independently of RXR. Last, we uncovered that FXR suppresses MMP7 transcription by binding to a negative FXR-responsive element in the 5' MMP7 promoter, an event that inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion. These findings identify the FXR-MMP7 axis as a potential therapeutic target for managing colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Peng
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jiayan Chen
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Cinthia B Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Guofeng Xie
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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124
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Liu L, Dong W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu T, Xie R, Wang B, Cao H. Deoxycholic acid disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier and promotes intestinal tumorigenesis. Food Funct 2019; 9:5588-5597. [PMID: 30339173 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet, which leads to an increased level of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the intestine, is a major environmental factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence relating to bile acids and intestinal tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DCA on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its impact on the development of CRC. Here we showed that DCA disrupted cell monolayer integrity and increased proinflammatory cytokine production in intestinal cancer and precancerous cell lines (Caco-2 and IMCE). Apcmin/+ mice receiving DCA increased the number and size of intestinal adenomas and promoted the adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. Importantly, DCA induced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, and led to intestinal low grade inflammation. A reduction of tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and the number of intestinal cells including goblet cells and Paneth cells was also observed after DCA treatment. Moreover, DCA significantly reduced the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages in the intestine of Apcmin/+ mice. In conclusion, these data suggested that DCA induced intestinal low grade inflammation and disrupted the mucosal physical and functional barriers, aggravating intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China.
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125
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Molinero N, Ruiz L, Sánchez B, Margolles A, Delgado S. Intestinal Bacteria Interplay With Bile and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implications on Host Physiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:185. [PMID: 30923502 PMCID: PMC6426790 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile is a biological fluid synthesized in the liver, mainly constituted by bile acids and cholesterol, which functions as a biological detergent that emulsifies and solubilizes lipids, thereby playing an essential role in fat digestion. Besides, bile acids are important signaling molecules that regulate key functions at intestinal and systemic levels in the human body, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Apart from this, due to their amphipathic nature, bile acids are toxic for bacterial cells and, thus, exert a strong selective pressure on the microbial populations inhabiting the human gut, decisively shaping the microbial profiles of our gut microbiota, which has been recognized as a metabolic organ playing a pivotal role in host health. Remarkably, bacteria in our gut also display a range of enzymatic activities capable of acting on bile acids and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol. These activities can have a direct impact on host physiology as they influence the composition of the intestinal and circulating bile acid pool in the host, affecting bile homeostasis. Given that bile acids are important signaling molecules in the human body, changes in the microbiota-residing bile biotransformation ability can significantly impact host physiology and health status. Elucidating ways to fine-tune microbiota-bile acids-host interplay are promising strategies to act on bile and cholesterol-related disorders. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on bile and cholesterol metabolism by intestinal bacteria, as well as its influence on host physiology, identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities to guide further advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molinero
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
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126
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Zeng H, Umar S, Rust B, Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051214. [PMID: 30862015 PMCID: PMC6429521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host–microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Bret Rust
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Darina Lazarova
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
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127
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The Role of M3 Muscarinic Receptor Ligand-Induced Kinase Signaling in Colon Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030308. [PMID: 30841571 PMCID: PMC6468573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a reduction in incidence over the past decade, colon cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States; recent demographics suggest this disease is now afflicting younger persons. M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) mRNA and protein are over-expressed in colon cancer, and M3R can be activated by both traditional (e.g., acetylcholine) and non-traditional (e.g., bile acids) muscarinic ligands. In this review, we weigh the data supporting a prominent role for key protein kinases downstream of M3R activation in promoting colon cancer progression and dissemination. Specifically, we explore the roles that downstream activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MAPK/ERK), protein kinase C, p38 MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathways play in mediating colon cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. We assess the impact of M3R-stimulated induction of selected matrix metalloproteinases germane to these hallmarks of colon cancer progression. In this context, we also critically review the reproducibility of findings derived from a variety of in vivo and in vitro colon cancer models, and their fidelity to human disease. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic potential of targeting various steps from ligand-M3R interaction to the activation of key downstream molecules.
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128
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Whisner CM, Athena Aktipis C. The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Initiation and Progression: How Microbes and Cancer Cells Utilize Excess Energy and Promote One Another's Growth. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:42-51. [PMID: 30758778 PMCID: PMC6426824 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We use an ecological lens to understand how microbes and cancer cells coevolve inside the ecosystems of our bodies. We describe how microbe-cancer cell interactions contribute to cancer progression, including cooperation between microbes and cancer cells. We discuss the role of the immune system in preventing this apparent 'collusion' and describe how microbe-cancer cell interactions lead to opportunities and challenges in treating cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Microbiota influence many aspects of our health including our cancer risk. Since both microbes and cancer cells rely on incoming resources for their survival and replication, excess energy and nutrient input from the host can play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Certain microbes enhance cancer cell fitness by promoting proliferation and protecting cancer cells from the immune system. How diet influences these interactions remains largely unknown but recent evidence suggests a role for nutrients across the cancer continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - C Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
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129
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Cholesterol cholelithiasis: part of a systemic metabolic disease, prone to primary prevention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:157-171. [PMID: 30791781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1549988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease have relationships with various conditions linked with insulin resistance, but also with heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These associations derive from mechanisms active at a local (i.e. gallbladder, bile) and a systemic level and are involved in inflammation, hormones, nuclear receptors, signaling molecules, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and gut microbiota. Despite advanced knowledge of these pathways, the available therapeutic options for symptomatic gallstone patients remain limited. Therapy includes oral litholysis by the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a small subgroup of patients at high risk of postdissolution recurrence, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the therapeutic radical gold standard treatment. Cholecystectomy, however, may not be a neutral event, and potentially generates health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Areas covered: Several studies on risk factors and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease, acting at a systemic level have been reviewed through a PubMed search. Authors have focused on primary prevention and novel potential therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The ultimate goal appears to target the manageable systemic mechanisms responsible for gallstone occurrence, pointing to primary prevention measures. Changes must target lifestyles, as well as experimenting innovative pharmacological tools in subgroups of patients at high risk of developing gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases , Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
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Kintali S, Varshney GK, Das K. pH-Dependent Interaction of Four Different Bile Salts with POPG Liposomes Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and Second Harmonic Spectroscopy. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Kintali
- Photochem. &Photophys. Appl. Lab; Laser Bio-Medical Applications Section; Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology; Indore 452013, M.P. India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Gopal Kishor Varshney
- Photochem. &Photophys. Appl. Lab; Laser Bio-Medical Applications Section; Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology; Indore 452013, M.P. India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Kaustuv Das
- Photochem. &Photophys. Appl. Lab; Laser Bio-Medical Applications Section; Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology; Indore 452013, M.P. India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar; Mumbai 400094 India
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131
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The FXR agonist obeticholic acid inhibits the cancerogenic potential of human cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210077. [PMID: 30677052 PMCID: PMC6345424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer with high resistance to chemotherapeutics. CCA is enriched in cancer stem cells, which correlate with aggressiveness and prognosis. FXR, a member of the metabolic nuclear receptor family, is markedly down-regulated in human CCA. Our aim was to evaluate, in primary cultures of human intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), the effects of the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA), a semisynthetic bile acid derivative, on their cancerogenic potential. Primary human iCCA cell cultures were prepared from surgical specimens of mucinous or mixed iCCA subtypes. Increasing concentrations (0-2.5 μM) of OCA were added to culture media and, after 3-10 days, effects on proliferation (MTS assay, cell population doubling time), apoptosis (annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide), cell migration and invasion (wound healing response and Matrigel invasion assay), and cancerogenic potential (spheroid formation, clonogenic assay, colony formation capacity) were evaluated. Results: FXR gene expression was downregulated (RT-qPCR) in iCCA cells vs normal human biliary tree stem cells (p < 0.05) and in mucinous iCCA vs mixed iCCA cells (p < 0.05) but was upregulated by addition of OCA. OCA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited proliferation of both mucinous and mixed iCCA cells, starting at a concentration as low as 0.05 μM. Also, CDCA (but not UDCA) inhibited cell proliferation, although to a much lower extent than OCA, consistent with its different affinity for FXR. OCA significantly induced apoptosis of both iCCA subtypes and decreased their in vitro cancerogenic potential, as evaluated by impairment of colony and spheroid formation capacity and delayed wound healing and Matrigel invasion. In general, these effects were more evident in mixed than mucinous iCCA cells. When tested together with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin, OCA potentiated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of these chemotherapeutics, but mainly in mixed iCCA cells. OCA abolished the capacity of both mucinous and mixed iCCA cells to form colonies when administered together with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin. In subcutaneous xenografts of mixed iCCA cells, OCA alone or combined with Gemcitabine or Cisplatin markedly reduced the tumor size after 5 weeks of treatment by inducing necrosis of tumor mass and inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, FXR is down-regulated in iCCA cells, and its activation by OCA results in anti-cancerogenic effects against mucinous and mixed iCCA cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of OCA predominated in mixed iCCA cells, consistent with the lower aggressiveness and the higher FXR expression in this CCA subtype. These results, showing the FXR-mediated capacity of OCA to inhibit cholangiocarcinogenesis, represent the basis for testing OCA in clinical trials of CCA patients.
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132
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Mertz A, Nguyen NA, Katsanos KH, Kwok RM. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease comorbidity: an update of the evidence. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:124-133. [PMID: 30837784 PMCID: PMC6394256 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbid primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent a unique disease phenotype with a different risk profile than PSC or IBD alone. While the pathogenetic mechanisms behind both diseases remain unclear, recent studies have targeted several immune-mediated pathways in an attempt to find a potential therapeutic target. Patients with PSC-associated IBD typically exhibit pancolitis with a right-to-left intestinal inflammatory gradient associated with a greater incidence of backwash ileitis and rectal sparing. Although there is an increased incidence of pancolitis in this population, bowel symptoms tend to be less significant than in IBD alone. Likewise, the degree of inflammation and symptoms of PSC-associated IBD are characteristically less clinically significant. Despite the relatively quiescent clinical presentation of PSC-associated IBD, there is an increased risk for colorectal and hepatobiliary malignancy making vigilance for malignancy essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mertz
- Department of Internal Medicine (Andrew Mertz), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nhu An Nguyen
- Gastroenterology (Nhu An Nguyen, Ryan M. Kwok), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Gastroenterology, Medical School and University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece (Konstantinos H. Katsanos)
| | - Ryan M Kwok
- Gastroenterology (Nhu An Nguyen, Ryan M. Kwok), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, MD, USA
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133
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Vaughn BP, Kaiser T, Staley C, Hamilton MJ, Reich J, Graiziger C, Singroy S, Kabage AJ, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. A pilot study of fecal bile acid and microbiota profiles in inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:9-19. [PMID: 30666146 PMCID: PMC6330977 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s186097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to arise from an abnormal immune response to the gut microbiota. IBD is associated with altered intestinal microbial community structure and functionality, which may contribute to inflammation and complications such as colon cancer and liver disease. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with IBD and markedly increases the risk of colon cancer. We hypothesized that secondary bile acids, which are products of microbial metabolism, are increased in PSC patients. Aim Here, we profiled the fecal bile acid composition and gut microbiota of participants with IBD and PSC, as well as healthy participants. Additionally, we tested the effects of vancomycin, a proposed treatment for PSC, on gut microbiota and fecal bile acid composition in participants with IBD and PSC. Methods Fecal samples were collected from patients with IBD, IBD/PSC and healthy controls and fecal bile acids and DNA for microbiota analysis were extracted. Fecal bile acids were averaged over a seven-day period. For subjects with IBD/PSC, oral vancomycin 500mg twice a day was administered and fecal samples were collected for up to eleven weeks. Results Participants with IBD and PSC had less fecal microbial diversity at baseline relative to controls. While there was some evidence of altered conversion of cholic acid to deoxycholic acid, no substantial differences were found in the fecal bile acid profiles of patients with IBD and PSC (n=7) compared to IBD alone (n=8) or healthy controls (n=8). Oral vancomycin was a potent inhibitor of secondary bile acid production in participants with IBD and PSC, particularly deoxycholic acid, although no changes in liver biochemistry patterns were noted over a two week period. Conclusion In this pilot study, bile acid profiles were overall similar among patients with IBD and PSC, IBD alone, and healthy controls. Microbiota diversity was reduced in those with PSC and IBD compared to IBD alone or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron P Vaughn
- Inflammatory Bowel Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jon Reich
- Inflammatory Bowel Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
| | - Carolyn Graiziger
- Inflammatory Bowel Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
| | | | - Amanda J Kabage
- Inflammatory Bowel Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Inflammatory Bowel Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, .,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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134
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Yang W, Ma Y, Smith-Warner S, Song M, Wu K, Wang M, Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Poylin V, Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Zhang X. Calcium Intake and Survival after Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1980-1988. [PMID: 30545821 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although evidence suggests an inverse association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer incidence, the influence of calcium on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis remains unclear.Experimental Design: We prospectively assessed the association of postdiagnostic calcium intake with colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality among 1,660 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Patients completed a validated food frequency questionnaire between 6 months and 4 years after diagnosis and were followed up for death. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Comparing the highest with the lowest quartile intake of postdiagnostic total calcium, the multivariable HRs were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.96; P trend = 0.04) for colorectal cancer-specific mortality and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.59-1.09; P trend = 0.11) for all-cause mortality. Postdiagnostic supplemental calcium intake was also inversely associated with colorectal cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.06; P trend = 0.047) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94; P trend = 0.008), although these inverse associations were primarily observed in women. In addition, calcium from diet or dairy sources was associated with lower risk in men. CONCLUSIONS Higher calcium intake after the diagnosis may be associated with a lower risk of death among patients with colorectal cancer. If confirmed, these findings may provide support for the nutritional recommendations of maintaining sufficient calcium intake among colorectal cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Stephanie Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medical Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vitaliy Poylin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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135
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Raza MH, Gul K, Arshad A, Riaz N, Waheed U, Rauf A, Aldakheel F, Alduraywish S, Rehman MU, Abdullah M, Arshad M. Microbiota in cancer development and treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:49-63. [PMID: 30542789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human microbiota comprises of a variety of organisms ranging from bacterial species to viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are present on the epidermal and mucosal barriers of the body. It plays a key role in health and survival of the host by regulation of the systemic functions. Its apparent functions in modulation of the host immune system, inducing carcinogenesis and regulation of the response to the cancer therapy through a variety of mechanisms such as bacterial dysbiosis, production of genotoxins, pathobionts, and disruption of the host metabolism are increasingly becoming evident. METHODS Different electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature which has been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Characterization of the microbiome particularly gut microbiota, understanding of the host-microbiota interactions, and its potential for therapeutic exploitation are necessary for the development of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies with better efficacy and lowered off-target side effects. CONCLUSION In this review, the role of microbiota is explained in carcinogenesis, mechanisms of microbiota-mediated carcinogenesis, and role of gut microbiota in modulation of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Raza
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamni Gul
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Riaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Zoology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbool Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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136
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Pavlović N, Goločorbin-Kon S, Ðanić M, Stanimirov B, Al-Salami H, Stankov K, Mikov M. Bile Acids and Their Derivatives as Potential Modifiers of Drug Release and Pharmacokinetic Profiles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 30467479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01283/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have received considerable interest in the drug delivery research due to their peculiar physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The main advantage of bile acids as drug absorption enhancers is their ability to act as both drug solubilizing and permeation-modifying agents. Therefore, bile acids may improve bioavailability of drugs whose absorption-limiting factors include either poor aqueous solubility or low membrane permeability. Besides, bile acids may withstand the gastrointestinal impediments and aid in the transporter-mediated absorption of physically complexed or chemically conjugated drug molecules. These biomolecules may increase the drug bioavailability also at submicellar levels by increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of non-polar drugs or through the partition into the membrane and increase of membrane fluidity and permeability. Most bile acid-induced effects are mediated by the nuclear receptors that activate transcriptional networks, which then affect the expression of a number of target genes, including those for membrane transport proteins, affecting the bioavailability of a number of drugs. Besides micellar solubilization, there are many other types of interactions between bile acids and drug molecules, which can influence the drug transport across the biological membranes. Most common drug-bile salt interaction is ion-pairing and the formed complexes may have either higher or lower polarity compared to the drug molecule itself. Furthermore, the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of bile acids can be utilized for the covalent conjugation of drugs, which changes their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Bile acids can be utilized in the formulation of conventional dosage forms, but also of novel micellar, vesicular and polymer-based therapeutic systems. The availability of bile acids, along with their simple derivatization procedures, turn them into attractive building blocks for the design of novel pharmaceutical formulations and systems for the delivery of drugs, biomolecules and vaccines. Although toxic properties of hydrophobic bile acids have been described, their side effects are mostly produced when present in supraphysiological concentrations. Besides, minor structural modifications of natural bile acids may lead to the creation of bile acid derivatives with the reduced toxicity and preserved absorption-enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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137
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Pavlović N, Goločorbin-Kon S, Ðanić M, Stanimirov B, Al-Salami H, Stankov K, Mikov M. Bile Acids and Their Derivatives as Potential Modifiers of Drug Release and Pharmacokinetic Profiles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 30467479 PMCID: PMC6237018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have received considerable interest in the drug delivery research due to their peculiar physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The main advantage of bile acids as drug absorption enhancers is their ability to act as both drug solubilizing and permeation-modifying agents. Therefore, bile acids may improve bioavailability of drugs whose absorption-limiting factors include either poor aqueous solubility or low membrane permeability. Besides, bile acids may withstand the gastrointestinal impediments and aid in the transporter-mediated absorption of physically complexed or chemically conjugated drug molecules. These biomolecules may increase the drug bioavailability also at submicellar levels by increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of non-polar drugs or through the partition into the membrane and increase of membrane fluidity and permeability. Most bile acid-induced effects are mediated by the nuclear receptors that activate transcriptional networks, which then affect the expression of a number of target genes, including those for membrane transport proteins, affecting the bioavailability of a number of drugs. Besides micellar solubilization, there are many other types of interactions between bile acids and drug molecules, which can influence the drug transport across the biological membranes. Most common drug-bile salt interaction is ion-pairing and the formed complexes may have either higher or lower polarity compared to the drug molecule itself. Furthermore, the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of bile acids can be utilized for the covalent conjugation of drugs, which changes their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Bile acids can be utilized in the formulation of conventional dosage forms, but also of novel micellar, vesicular and polymer-based therapeutic systems. The availability of bile acids, along with their simple derivatization procedures, turn them into attractive building blocks for the design of novel pharmaceutical formulations and systems for the delivery of drugs, biomolecules and vaccines. Although toxic properties of hydrophobic bile acids have been described, their side effects are mostly produced when present in supraphysiological concentrations. Besides, minor structural modifications of natural bile acids may lead to the creation of bile acid derivatives with the reduced toxicity and preserved absorption-enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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138
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Raufman JP, Metry M, Felton J, Cheng K, Xu S, Polli J. A 19F magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic test for bile acid diarrhea. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:163-171. [PMID: 30387017 PMCID: PMC6408933 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In up to 50% of people diagnosed with a common ailment, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea results from excess spillage of bile acids into the colon-data emerging over the past decade identified deficient release of a gut hormone, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and a consequent lack of feedback suppression of bile acid synthesis as the most common cause. 75Selenium homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT) testing, considered the most sensitive and specific means of identifying individuals with bile acid diarrhea, is unavailable in many countries, including the United States. Other than SeHCAT, tests to diagnose bile acid diarrhea are cumbersome, non-specific, or insufficiently validated; clinicians commonly rely on a therapeutic trial of bile acid binders. Here, we review bile acid synthesis and transport, the pathogenesis of bile acid diarrhea, the reasons clinicians frequently overlook this disorder, including the limitations of currently available tests, and our efforts to develop a novel 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnostic approach. We created 19F-labeled bile acid analogues whose in vitro and in vivo transport mimics that of naturally occurring bile acids. Using dual 1H/19F MRI of the gallbladders of live mice fed 19F-labeled bile acid analogues, we were able to differentiate wild-type mice from strains deficient in intestinal expression of a key bile acid transporter, the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), or FGF15, the mouse homologue of FGF19. In addition to reviewing our development of 19F-labeled bile acid analogue-MRI to diagnose bile acid diarrhea, we discuss challenges to its clinical implementation. A major limitation is the paucity of clinical MRI facilities equipped with the appropriate coil and software needed to detect 19F signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Melissa Metry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jessica Felton
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kunrong Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - James Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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139
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Sun W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wu K, Liu Q, Liu K, Wen L, Wei Y, Wang B, Chen D. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Can Alleviate Gastrointestinal Transit in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulation of Serotonin Biosynthesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8308671. [PMID: 30370307 PMCID: PMC6189652 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8308671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We tested the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could regulate the biotransformation of bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA), which in turn regulate the biosynthesis of serotonin in the gut and relieve gastrointestinal dysmotility in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control diet group, HFD group, and HFD-fed with receiving FMT. HFD was fed for 12 weeks. At the end of two-week HFD, FMT was carried out for two weeks. The gastrointestinal transit, serotonin concentration, the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), and the levels of bile acids in intestinal contents were examined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the gastrointestinal transit and small intestinal serotonin concentration of HFD-fed rats were increased. In HFD-fed rats, TPH1 protein expression was increased significantly, while SERT protein expression was decreased, but not significant. The levels of CA and DCA in intestinal contents were also significantly increased in HFD-fed rats compared with the control group. After HFD-fed rats receiving FMT treatment, the gastrointestinal transit, small intestinal serotonin concentration, and TPH1 expression were decreased, while SERT expression was not affected. Moreover, the levels of CA and DCA in intestinal contents were also decreased. CONCLUSIONS FMT could alleviate small intestinal transit in the HFD-fed rats by regulating the serotonin biosynthesis. In this process, CA and DCA may be related to the regulation of synthesis of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kangqi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kaijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Liangzhi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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140
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Hale VL, Jeraldo P, Mundy M, Yao J, Keeney G, Scott N, Cheek EH, Davidson J, Greene M, Martinez C, Lehman J, Pettry C, Reed E, Lyke K, White BA, Diener C, Resendis-Antonio O, Gransee J, Dutta T, Petterson XM, Boardman L, Larson D, Nelson H, Chia N. Synthesis of multi-omic data and community metabolic models reveals insights into the role of hydrogen sulfide in colon cancer. Methods 2018; 149:59-68. [PMID: 29704665 PMCID: PMC6191348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic data and genome-scale microbial metabolic models have allowed us to examine microbial communities, community function, and interactions in ways that were not available to us historically. Now, one of our biggest challenges is determining how to integrate data and maximize data potential. Our study demonstrates one way in which to test a hypothesis by combining multi-omic data and community metabolic models. Specifically, we assess hydrogen sulfide production in colorectal cancer based on stool, mucosa, and tissue samples collected on and off the tumor site within the same individuals. 16S rRNA microbial community and abundance data were used to select and inform the metabolic models. We then used MICOM, an open source platform, to track the metabolic flux of hydrogen sulfide through a defined microbial community that either represented on-tumor or off-tumor sample communities. We also performed targeted and untargeted metabolomics, and used the former to quantitatively evaluate our model predictions. A deeper look at the models identified several unexpected but feasible reactions, microbes, and microbial interactions involved in hydrogen sulfide production for which our 16S and metabolomic data could not account. These results will guide future in vitro, in vivo, and in silico tests to establish why hydrogen sulfide production is increased in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricio Jeraldo
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Mundy
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet Yao
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary Keeney
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nancy Scott
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E Heidi Cheek
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Davidson
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan Greene
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christine Martinez
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John Lehman
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chandra Pettry
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erica Reed
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Lyke
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bryan A White
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christian Diener
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico; Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gransee
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tumpa Dutta
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xuan-Mai Petterson
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Larson
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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141
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Palmela C, Peerani F, Castaneda D, Torres J, Itzkowitz SH. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Review of the Phenotype and Associated Specific Features. Gut Liver 2018; 12:17-29. [PMID: 28376583 PMCID: PMC5753680 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic disease that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in approximately 70% of cases. Although the pathogenesis is still unknown for both diseases, there is increasing evidence to indicate that they share a common underlying predisposition. Herein, we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, disease pathogenesis, and specific clinical features of the PSC-IBD phenotype. Patients with PSC-IBD have a distinct IBD phenotype with an increased incidence of pancolitis, backwash ileitis, and rectal sparing. Despite often having extensive colonic involvement, these patients present with mild intestinal symptoms or are even asymptomatic, which can delay the diagnosis of IBD. Although the IBD phenotype has been well characterized in PSC patients, the natural history and disease behavior of PSC in PSC-IBD patients is less well defined. There is conflicting evidence regarding the course of IBD in PSC-IBD patients who receive liver transplantation and their risk of recurrent PSC. IBD may also be associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in PSC patients. Overall, the PSC-IBD population has an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia compared to the conventional IBD population. Lifelong annual surveillance colonoscopy is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Palmela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Surgical Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Farhad Peerani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Castaneda
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H Itzkowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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142
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Danese E, Ruzzenente A, Montagnana M, Lievens PMJ. Current and future roles of mucins in cholangiocarcinoma-recent evidences for a possible interplay with bile acids. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:333. [PMID: 30306072 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is rare but highly malignant tumour. The diagnosis is difficult due to its silent clinical character and the inefficiency of currently available diagnostic markers. An enhanced understanding of the molecular pathways involved in CCA carcinogenesis would herald targeted, individualized therapies, as well as new early diagnostic tool with improvement of patient survival. Recently, two mucin proteins, MUC4 and MUC5 have gained interest for their involvement in tumour growth and progression and possible use as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers. Moreover, a number of studies have demonstrated an association between biliary or serum bile acids (BAs) and some forms of cancers including CCA. More importantly, BAs have been shown to participate in tumour progression by inducing alterations in the expression of oncogenic mucins. This review summarizes the most important findings regarding the possible use of mucin glycoproteins and BAs in the diagnosis and prognostication of CCA and discuss evidences suggesting a role of BAs in regulating the expression of transmembrane and secreted mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Section of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Montagnana
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patricia Marie-Jeanne Lievens
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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143
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Cirstea M, Radisavljevic N, Finlay BB. Good Bug, Bad Bug: Breaking through Microbial Stereotypes. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:10-13. [PMID: 29324224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our expanding knowledge of microbial mechanisms is challenging the notion of "good" versus "bad" microbes and encouraging a better understanding of their roles in various contexts before their widespread therapeutic and clinical application. The intestinal microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, a promising probiotic with an emerging cautionary tale, best highlights this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Cirstea
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Radisavljevic
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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144
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Zaborska KE, Lee SA, Garribay D, Cha E, Cummings BP. Deoxycholic acid supplementation impairs glucose homeostasis in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200908. [PMID: 30059528 PMCID: PMC6066200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are critical contributors to the regulation of whole body glucose homeostasis; however, the mechanisms remain incompletely defined. While the hydrophilic bile acid subtype, ursodeoxycholic acid, has been shown to attenuate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and thereby improve glucose regulation in mice, the effect of hydrophobic bile acid subtypes on ER stress and glucose regulation in vivo is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the hydrophobic bile acid subtype, deoxycholic acid (DCA), on ER stress and glucose regulation. Eight week old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with or without DCA. Glucose regulation was assessed by oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance testing. In addition, circulating bile acid profile and hepatic insulin and ER stress signaling were measured. DCA supplementation did not alter body weight or food intake, but did impair glucose regulation. Consistent with the impairment in glucose regulation, DCA increased the hydrophobicity of the circulating bile acid profile, decreased hepatic insulin signaling and increased hepatic ER stress signaling. Together, these data suggest that dietary supplementation of DCA impairs whole body glucose regulation by disrupting hepatic ER homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E. Zaborska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Seon A. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Darline Garribay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Eumee Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Bethany P. Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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145
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Park CH, Eun CS, Han DS. Intestinal microbiota, chronic inflammation, and colorectal cancer. Intest Res 2018; 16:338-345. [PMID: 30090032 PMCID: PMC6077304 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic and epigenetic factors, various environmental factors, including diet, play important roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, there is increasing interest in the intestinal microbiota as an environmental risk factor for CRC, because diet also influences the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The human intestinal microbiota comprises about 100 trillion microbes. This microbiome thrives on undigested dietary residues in the intestinal lumen and produces various metabolites. It is well known that the dietary risk factors for CRC are mediated by dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. In this review, we describe the bacterial taxa associated with CRC, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and butyrate-producing bacteria. We also discuss the host-diet interaction in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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146
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Zhang H, Sun L. When human cells meet bacteria: precision medicine for cancers using the microbiota. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1157-1175. [PMID: 30094091 PMCID: PMC6079160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota interacts with the host immune system in multiple ways to influence the development of diseases, including cancers; however, a detailed understanding of their relationship is unavailable. Accumulating evidence has only revealed an association rather than a causal link between microbial alterations and carcinogenesis. The regulatory loops among the microbiome, human cells and the immune system are far more complicated and require further studies to be revealed. In this review, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on cancer initiation, development and progression in different types of human cells, mainly focusing on the clinical translation from microbiome research to an accurate diagnosis, subtype classification and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Litao Sun
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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147
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Dong W, Liu L, Dou Y, Xu M, Liu T, Wang S, Zhang Y, Deng B, Wang B, Cao H. Deoxycholic acid activates epidermal growth factor receptor and promotes intestinal carcinogenesis by ADAM17-dependent ligand release. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4263-4273. [PMID: 29956475 PMCID: PMC6111862 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet is implicated in the elevated deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the intestine and correlated with increased colon cancer risk. However, the potential mechanisms of intestinal carcinogenesis by DCA remain unclarified. Here, we investigated the carcinogenic effects and mechanisms of DCA using the intestinal tumour cells and Apcmin/+ mice model. We found that DCA could activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote the release of EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG), but not HB‐EGF or TGF‐α in intestinal tumour cells. Moreover, ADAM‐17 was required in DCA‐induced promotion of shedding of AREG and activation of EGFR/Akt signalling pathway. DCA significantly increased the multiplicity of intestinal tumours and accelerated adenoma‐carcinoma sequence in Apcmin/+ mice. ADAM‐17/EGFR signalling axis was also activated in intestinal tumours of DCA‐treated Apcmin/+ mice, whereas no significant change occurred in tumour adjacent tissues after DCA exposure. Conclusively, DCA activated EGFR and promoted intestinal carcinogenesis by ADAM17‐dependent ligand release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoru Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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148
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Sun L, Suo C, Li ST, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming for cancer cells and their microenvironment: Beyond the Warburg Effect. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:51-66. [PMID: 29959989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells has long been considered from the standpoint of how and why cancer cells preferentially utilize glucose via aerobic glycolysis, the so-called Warburg Effect, the progress in the following areas during the past several years has substantially advanced our understanding of the rewired metabolic network in cancer cells that is intertwined with oncogenic signaling. First, in addition to the major nutrient substrates glucose and glutamine, cancer cells have been discovered to utilize a variety of unconventional nutrient sources for survival. Second, the deregulated biomass synthesis is intertwined with cell cycle progression to coordinate the accelerated progression of cancer cells. Third, the reciprocal regulation of cancer cell's metabolic alterations and the microenvironment, involving extensive host immune cells and microbiota, have come into view as critical mechanisms to regulate cancer progression. These and other advances are shaping the current and future paradigm of cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell metabolism, Guangzhou First Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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149
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Wang W, Wang J, Li J, Yan P, Jin Y, Zhang R, Yue W, Guo Q, Geng J. Cholecystectomy Damages Aging-Associated Intestinal Microbiota Construction. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1402. [PMID: 29988510 PMCID: PMC6026649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is essential in humans to maintain physiological balance and nutrition metabolism. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease and cholecystitis can cause intestinal microbial dysbiosis, and following bile acid metabolism dysfunction, positions the patient at high risk of colorectal cancer. However, little is known regarding intestinal microbiota characteristics in post-cholecystectomy patients. Here, we compared the microbial composition of cholecystectomy patients with that of a healthy population. We determined that cholecystectomy eliminated aging-associated fecal commensal microbiota and further identified several bile acid metabolism-related bacteria as contributors of colorectal cancer incidence via elevation of secondary bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Julan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Pingping Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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150
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Herstad KMV, Rønning HT, Bakke AM, Moe L, Skancke E. Changes in the faecal bile acid profile in dogs fed dry food vs high content of beef: a pilot study. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:29. [PMID: 29751815 PMCID: PMC5948804 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs are fed various diets, which also include components of animal origin. In humans, a high-fat/low-fibre diet is associated with higher faecal levels of bile acids, which can influence intestinal health. It is unknown how an animal-based diet high in fat and low in fibre influences the faecal bile acid levels and intestinal health in dogs. This study investigated the effects of high intake of minced beef on the faecal bile acid profile in healthy, adult, client-owned dogs (n = 8) in a 7-week trial. Dogs were initially adapted to the same commercial dry food. Thereafter, incremental substitution of the dry food by boiled minced beef over 3 weeks resulted in a diet in which 75% of each dog’s total energy requirement was provided as minced beef during week 5. Dogs were subsequently reintroduced to the dry food for the last 2 weeks of the study. The total taurine and glycine-conjugated bile acids, the primary bile acids chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and the secondary bile acids lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were analysed, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The faecal quantities of DCA were significantly higher in dogs fed the high minced beef diet. These levels reversed when dogs were reintroduced to the dry food diet. The faecal levels of UDCA and taurine-conjugated bile acids had also increased in response to the beef diet, but this was only significant when compared to the last dry food period. Conclusions These results suggest that an animal-based diet with high-fat/low-fibre content can influence the faecal bile acids levels. The consequences of this for canine colonic health will require further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0383-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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