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Agrawal Singh S, Lerdrup M, Gomes ALR, van de Werken HJG, Vilstrup Johansen J, Andersson R, Sandelin A, Helin K, Hansen K. PLZF targets developmental enhancers for activation during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. eLife 2019; 8:e40364. [PMID: 30672466 PMCID: PMC6344081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PLZF transcription factor is essential for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs; however, its regulation and molecular function during this process is not fully understood. Here, we revealed that the ZBTB16 locus encoding PLZF, is repressed by Polycomb (PcG) and H3K27me3 in naive hMSCs. At the pre-osteoblast stage of differentiation, the locus lost PcG binding and H3K27me3, gained JMJD3 recruitment, and H3K27ac resulting in high expression of PLZF. Subsequently, PLZF was recruited to osteogenic enhancers, influencing H3K27 acetylation and expression of nearby genes important for osteogenic function. Furthermore, we identified a latent enhancer within the ZBTB16/PLZF locus itself that became active, gained PLZF, p300 and Mediator binding and looped to the promoter of the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene. The increased expression of NNMT correlated with a decline in SAM levels, which is dependent on PLZF and is required for osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Agrawal Singh
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of HematologyCambridge Institute for Medical Research and Welcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ana-Luisa R Gomes
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Harmen JG van de Werken
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics CentreUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics CentreUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics CentreUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Cell Biology ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Center for Epigenetics ResearchMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Klaus Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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102
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Przekora A. The summary of the most important cell-biomaterial interactions that need to be considered during in vitro biocompatibility testing of bone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:1036-1051. [PMID: 30678895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered products (TEPs), which mean biomaterials containing either cells or growth factors or both cells and growth factors, may be used as an alternative to the autografts taken directly from the bone of the patients. Nevertheless, the use of TEPs needs much more understanding of biointeractions between biomaterials and eukaryotic cells. Despite the possibility of the use of in vitro cellular models for initial evaluation of the host response to the implanted biomaterial, it is observed that most researchers use cell cultures only for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on the biomaterial surface, and then they proceed to animal models and in vivo testing of bone implants without fully utilizing the scientific potential of in vitro models. In this review, the most important biointeractions between eukaryotic cells and biomaterials were discussed, indicating molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and biomaterial-induced activation of immune cells. The article also describes types of cellular models which are commonly used for biomaterial testing and highlights the possibilities and drawbacks of in vitro tests for biocompatibility evaluation of novel scaffolds. Finally, the review summarizes recent findings concerning the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells for TEP generation and compares the potential of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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103
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Wu X, Gu Y. Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Genetic Pathophysiology of Craniosynostosis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:298-311. [PMID: 30745822 PMCID: PMC6367540 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures which is the second most common cranial facial anomalies. The premature cranial sutures leads to deformity of skull shape and restricts the growth of brain, which might elicit severe neurologic damage. Craniosynostosis exhibit close correlations with a varieties of syndromes. During the past two decades, as the appliance of high throughput DNA sequencing techniques, steady progresses has been made in identifying gene mutations in both syndromic and nonsyndromic cases, which allow researchers to better understanding the genetic roles in the development of cranial vault. As the enrichment of known mutations involved in the pathogenic of premature sutures fusion, multiple signaling pathways have been investigated to dissect the underlying mechanisms beneath the disease. In addition to genetic etiology, environment factors, especially mechanics, have also been proposed to have vital roles during the pathophysiological of craniosynostosis. However, the influence of mechanics factors in the cranial development remains largely unknown. In this review, we present a brief overview of the updated genetic mutations and environmental factors identified in both syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Furthermore, potential molecular signaling pathways and its relations have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
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104
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Purnama YHC, Mastutik G, Putra ST. Increased Activity Of Mature Osteoblast from Rat Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells tn Osteogenic Medium Exposed to Melatonin. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v54i4.10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to melatonin in the cultures of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) in osteogenic medium is able to induce mesenchymal stem cells and preosteoblasts into active osteoblasts via several transduction signals such as ERK 1/2. Previous studies used a single dose of 50 nM and a physiological dose of 20-200 pg/ml. The objective of the study was to obtain an optimal dose of melatonin that enhances osteoblast activity by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 and ALP levels in the culture of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) in osteogenic medium. This study was an in vitro experimental laboratory study using BM-MSCs from rat femoral bone grown on osteogenic medium without or with exposure to melatonin in doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 nM for 21 days. BM-MSCs were characterized by immunocytochemical techniques (CD45- and CD 105+) and ERK 1/2 expression was checked 24 hours after exposure to melatonin, while ALP levels were examined on day 21 using ELISA technique. ERK 1/2 expression on BM-MScs exposed to melatonin in doses 0, 50, 100, and 150 nM were respectively 0.087, 0.095, 0.081, and 0.079. Mean ERK 1/2 expression in various groups showed a decrease along with increasing doses of melatonin. Among the four treatment groups, the administration of melatonin in a dose of 50 nM resulted in highest mean ERK 1/2 expression. ALP levels in BM-MSCs exposed to melatonin doses of 0, 50, 100, and 150 nM were 0.128; 0.130; 0.117, and 0.111 ng/ml respectively. Data showed that decreasing mean ALP levels occurred along with the addition of melatonin dose. In conclusion, the administration of melatonin 50 nM is the optimal dose to increase the differentiation of cultured rat BM-MSCs into active osteoblasts.
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105
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Beiki B, Zeynali B, Taghiabadi E, Seyedjafari E, Kehtari M. Osteogenic differentiation of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on WJ-scaffold through conventional signalling mechanism. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S1032-S1042. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1528981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Beiki
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zeynali
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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106
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Chen D, Gong Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Li J, Song J. Bidirectional regulation of osteogenic differentiation by the FOXO subfamily of Forkhead transcription factors in mammalian MSCs. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12540. [PMID: 30397974 PMCID: PMC6496202 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments in knockout and transgenic mice, Forkhead box O (FOXO) family transcription factors have been demonstrated to play essential roles in many biological processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts is a well‐organized process that is carefully guided and characterized by various factors, such as runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), β‐catenin, osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Accumulating evidence suggests multiple interactions among FOXO members and the differentiation regulatory factors listed above, resulting in an enhancement or inhibition of osteogenesis in different stages of osteogenic differentiation. To systematically and integrally understand the role of FOXOs in osteogenic differentiation and explain the contrary phenomena observed in vitro and in vivo, we herein summarized FOXO‐interacting differentiation regulatory genes/factors and following alterations in differentiation. The underlying mechanism was further discussed on the basis of binding types, sites, phases and the consequent downstream transcriptional alterations of interactions among FOXOs and differentiation regulatory factors. Interestingly, a bidirectional effect of FOXOs on balancing osteogenic differentiation was discovered in MSCs. Moreover, FOXO factors are reported to be activated or suppressed by several context‐dependent signalling inputs during differentiation, and the underlying molecular basis may offer new drug development targets for treatments of bone formation defect diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanjing Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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107
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Deloch L, Rückert M, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US. Low-Dose Radiotherapy Has No Harmful Effects on Key Cells of Healthy Non-Inflamed Joints. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103197. [PMID: 30332826 PMCID: PMC6214021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for benign inflammatory and/or bone destructive diseases has been used long. Therefore, mechanistic investigations on cells being present in joints are mostly made in an inflammatory setting. This raises the question whether similar effects of LD-RT are also seen in healthy tissue and thus might cause possible harmful effects. We performed examinations on the functionality and phenotype of key cells within the joint, namely on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as on immune cells. Low doses of ionizing radiation showed only a minor impact on cytokine release by healthy FLS as well as on molecules involved in cartilage and bone destruction and had no significant impact on cell death and migration properties. The bone resorbing abilities of healthy osteoclasts was slightly reduced following LD-RT and a positive impact on bone formation of healthy osteoblasts was observed after in particular exposure to 0.5 Gray (Gy). Cell death rates of bone-marrow cells were only marginally increased and immune cell composition of the bone marrow showed a slight shift from CD8+ to CD4+ T cell subsets. Taken together, our results indicate that LD-RT with particularly a single dose of 0.5 Gy has no harmful effects on cells of healthy joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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108
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Anxiety levels predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women assessed for osteoporosis. Menopause 2018; 25:1110-1115. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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109
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Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Starup-Linde J, Gregersen S, Vestergaard P. The effect of meals on bone turnover - a systematic review with focus on diabetic bone disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:233-249. [PMID: 30234398 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1518131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) is increased and bone turnover is low in type 2 diabetes and the increased BMD does not explain the increased fracture risk. However, the low bone turnover may lead to insufficient bone renewal with unrepaired micro-cracks and thus increase fracture risk. Ingestion of food acutely decreases bone resorption markers and the macronutrient composition of meals and meal frequency may influence bone metabolism adversely in subjects with unhealthy eating patterns, e.g., patients with type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED The treatment strategy of bone disease in type 2 diabetics is covered in this review. The current management of diabetic bone disease consists of anti-osteoporotic treatment. However, anti-resorptives may further reduce an already low bone turnover with uncertain effects. Furthermore, the acute and long-term effects of meal ingestion, weight loss alone and in combination with exercise as well as the possible underlying mechanisms are covered in this systematic review. EXPERT COMMENTARY Current management of diabetic bone disease is based on principles of anti-osteoporotic treatment in non-diabetic subjects. However, studies are urged to investigate whether anti-resorptives are equally beneficial in type 2 diabetes as in non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- c Department of Endocrinology , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- d Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
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110
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Zhou J, Wang F, Ma Y, Wei F. Vitamin D3 contributes to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under oxidative stress condition via activating the endogenous antioxidant system. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1917-1926. [PMID: 29860665 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anti-oxidative effects of vitamin D3 (Vd3) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have not been studied before. The present study suggested that Vd3 could not only promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under normal condition but also partly protect it from oxidative stress damage by activating the endogenous antioxidant system. INTRODUCTION Evolving evidence proved that oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction might lead to bone loss. Vd3, a commonly used osteogenic induction drug, was proved to exhibit potent anti-oxidative effects on other cell types. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of Vd3 on oxidative stress-induced dysfunctions of MSCs, as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The H2O2 was used as exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The influence of ROS and anti-oxidative protection of Vd3 on MSCs were analyzed too. Multi-techniques were used to assess the beneficial effects of Vd3 on MSCs under oxidative stress condition. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Vd3 could significantly attenuate the H2O2-induced cell injury of MSCs via Sirt1/FoxO1 signaling pathway, and reduced the H2O2 exposure-induced intracellular oxidative stress status of MSCs. What's more, the H2O2 exposure resulted in the decreased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, as evidenced by decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition level, and osteogenic differentiation gene mRNA levels, but the injury was restored via Vd3 administration. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that Vd3 could not only promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells under normal condition but also partly protect the cell from oxidative stress damage by activating endogenous antioxidant system. The study shed light on the new roles of Vd3 in bone modeling and remodeling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - F Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - F Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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111
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Zarins J, Pilmane M, Sidhoma E, Salma I, Locs J. Immunohistochemical evaluation after Sr-enriched biphasic ceramic implantation in rabbits femoral neck: comparison of seven different bone conditions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:119. [PMID: 30030632 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) has shown effectiveness for stimulating bone remodeling. Nevertheless, the exact therapeutic values are not established yet. Authors hypothesized that local application of Sr-enriched ceramics would enhance bone remodeling in constant osteoporosis of rabbits' femoral neck bone. Seven different bone conditions were analyzed: ten healthy rabbits composed a control group, while other twenty underwent ovariectomy and were divided into three groups. Bone defect was filled with hydroxyapatite 30% (HAP) and tricalcium phosphate 70% (TCP) granules in 7 rabbits, 5% of Sr-enriched HAP/TCP granules in 7, but sham defect was left unfilled in 6 rabbits. Bone samples were obtained from operated and non-operated legs 12 weeks after surgery and analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry (IMH). Mean trabecular bone area in control group was 0.393 mm2, in HAP/TCP - 0.226 mm2, in HAP/TCP/Sr - 0.234 mm2 and after sham surgery - 0.242 mm2. IMH revealed that HAP/TCP/Sr induced most noticeable increase of nuclear factor kappa beta 105 (NFkB 105), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP 2/4), collagen type 1α (COL-1α), interleukin 1 (IL-1) with comparison to intact leg; NFkB 105 and OPG rather than pure HAP/TCP or sham bone. We concluded that Sr-enriched biomaterials induce higher potential to improve bone regeneration than pure bioceramics in constant osteoporosis of femoral neck bone. Further studies on bigger osteoporotic animals using Sr-substituted orthopedic implants for femoral neck fixation should be performed to confirm valuable role in local treatment of osteoporotic femoral neck fractures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Zarins
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Microsurgery Centre of Latvia, Brivibas Street 410, Riga, Latvia.
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda bulvaris 9, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mara Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda bulvaris 9, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elga Sidhoma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda bulvaris 9, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Salma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 20, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, Latvia
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112
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Lisowska B, Kosson D, Domaracka K. Lights and shadows of NSAIDs in bone healing: the role of prostaglandins in bone metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1753-1758. [PMID: 29950809 PMCID: PMC6014392 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s164562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the current data about the anatomy and function of bone tissue with particular regard to influence of prostaglandins. Bone tissue dynamics are characterized by a constant remodeling process that involves all bone tissue cells. The communication between bone component cells and other organs is necessary for bone remodeling equilibrium and confirms the dynamic character of bone tissue. Remodeling is also a vital element of healing processes and in adapting bone tissue to stress responses. Therefore, in our review we present the role and significance of bone cells and signaling pathways enabling maintenance of bone homeostasis and remodeling process stability. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a crucial enzyme in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane. We focus on the role of COX isoenzymes with highlighting their connection with bone formation, resorption and repair. Prostaglandins are known as arachidonic acid metabolites acting through specific membrane receptors and play an important role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast functions. Prostaglandin PGE2 with its four defined receptors (EP1R, EP2R, EP3R and EP4R) is crucial to maintain balanced bone turnover. Their stimulatory or inhibitory effects appear to depend on different structure-activity relations and signaling pathways. We have described the role of these receptors in bone metabolism and healing. We conclude that the activity of prostaglandins in bone tissue is defined by maintaining bone remodeling balance and its reactions to humoral mediators and mechanical stress. Most data confirm that among prostaglandins, PGE2 takes part in all processes of trauma response, including homeostasis, inflammation and healing, and plays a key role in bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lisowska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Western Hospital in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kosson
- Division of Teaching, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Domaracka
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Direct phenotypic conversion of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts triggered by a blockade of the transforming growth factor-β signal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8463. [PMID: 29855543 PMCID: PMC5981640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A procedure to generate functional osteoblasts from human somatic cells may pave the way to a novel and effective transplantation therapy in bone disorders. Here, we report that human fibroblasts were induced to show osteoblast phenotypes by culturing with ALK5 i II, which is a specific inhibitor for activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) (tumor growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGF-β R1)). Cells cultured with ALK5 i II expressed osteoblast-specific genes and massively produced calcified bone matrix, similar to the osteoblasts induced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-OBs). Treatment with vitamin D3 in addition to ALK5 i II induced more osteoblast-like characters, and the efficiency of the conversion reached approximately 90%. The chemical compound-mediated directly converted osteoblasts (cOBs) were similar to human primary osteoblasts in terms of expression profiles of osteoblast-related genes. The cOBs abundantly produced bone matrix in vivo and facilitated bone healing after they were transplanted into immunodeficient mice at an artificially induced defect lesion in femoral bone. The present procedure realizes a highly efficient direct conversion of human fibroblasts into transgene-free and highly functional osteoblasts, which might be applied in a novel strategy of bone regeneration therapy in bone diseases.
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Abdullah AR, Hapidin H, Abdullah H. The Role of Semipurified Fractions Isolated from Quercus infectoria on Bone Metabolism by Using hFOB 1.19 Human Fetal Osteoblast Cell Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5319528. [PMID: 29861772 PMCID: PMC5971332 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5319528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background. Quercus infectoria (QI) is a plant used in traditional medicines in Asia. The plant was reported to contain various active phytochemical compounds that have potential to stimulate bone formation. However, the precise mechanism of the stimulation effect of QI on osteoblast has not been elucidated. The present study was carried out to isolate QI semipurified fractions from aqueous QI extract and to delineate the molecular mechanism of QI semipurified fraction that enhanced bone formation by using hFOB1.19 human fetal osteoblast cell model. Methods. Isolation of QI semipurified fractions was established by means of column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Established QI semipurified fractions were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Cells were treated with derived QI semipurified fractions and investigated for mineralization deposition and protein expression level of BMP-2, Runx2, and OPN by ELISA followed gene expression analysis of BMP-2 and Runx2 by RT-PCR. Results. Column chromatography isolation and purification yield Fractions A, B, and C. LC-MS analysis reveals the presence of polyphenols in each fraction. Results show that QI semipurified fractions increased the activity and upregulated the gene expression of BMP-2 and Runx2 at day 1, day 3, and day 7. OPN activity increased in cells treated with QI semipurified fractions at day 1 and day 3. Meanwhile, at day 7, expression of OPN decreased in activity. Furthermore, the study showed that combination of Fractions A, B, and C with osteoporotic drug (pamidronate) further increased the activity and upregulated the gene expression of BMP-2 and Runx2. Conclusions. These findings demonstrated that polyphenols from semipurified fractions of QI enhanced bone formation through expression of the investigated bone-related marker that is its potential role when combined with readily available osteoporotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Raudhah Abdullah
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hermizi Hapidin
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasmah Abdullah
- Environmental and Occupational Health Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Li M, Zhang C, Mao Y, Zhong Y, Zhao J. A Cell-Engineered Small Intestinal Submucosa-Based Bone Mimetic Construct for Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1099-1111. [PMID: 29318958 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-ornamented biomaterials have attracted attention due to their high potential to improve the biofunctionality of original materials. It is thought that ECM with a bone mimetic microenvironment generated by the specific induction of osteoblasts would be more beneficial for bone regeneration than a regular ECM. In this study, we developed an osteogenic and mineralized ECM construct (Os/M-ECM-SIS) under the guidance of osteoblasts on a small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffold cotreated with icariin and calcium. The generated Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds exhibited similar morphology and inorganic components as natural bone and higher mechanical strength than ECM-SIS. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts were also enhanced in the cells cultured on the Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds. The Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds even promoted transdifferentiation of fibroblasts with an upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers. In a calvarial defect model, new bone formation was greatly enhanced in defects implanted with the Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds compared with ECM-SIS scaffolds. Further study showed that the Os/M-ECM-SIS scaffolds promoted bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo via the Bmp/Smad-signaling pathway. Thus, this work proposes a valuable method for generating a mineralized bone mimetic scaffold with SIS as off-the-shelf bone graft substitute that provides an excellent osteogenic microenvironment, making it suitable for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China .,2 Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Mao
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Zhao
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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Crossman J, Elyasi M, El-Bialy T, Flores Mir C. Cementum regeneration using stem cells in the dog model: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:78-90. [PMID: 29684912 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restoring lost tissues of the periodontium, such as cementum, is essential in reducing the risk of tooth loss due to periodontitis and/or severe root resorption. Stem cell therapy is a regenerative strategy in cementum regeneration. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of various stem cells and their transplantation method on cementum regeneration in the dog model. METHODS Electronic databases were searched, in addition to performing hand searches and a gray literature search. Titles and abstracts were searched according to the inclusion criteria and full texts were selected to be included in this systematic review. Data was extracted from each article and risk of bias was assessed for individual studies. RESULTS Most studies reported that the treatment using a variety of stem cells resulted in significantly greater cementum regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Because of variations in additional factors included in each study and varied risk of bias among those studies, the effect of each type of stem cell on cementum regeneration in dogs is difficult to clarify. Additional information needs to be obtained from each study in order to further analyze the individual effect of stem cells on cementum regeneration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Elyasi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores Mir
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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118
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Borriello A, Caldarelli I, Bencivenga D, Stampone E, Perrotta S, Oliva A, Della Ragione F. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mesenchymal stromal cells: effects on self-renewal, commitment and functions. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5540-5565. [PMID: 27750212 PMCID: PMC5354929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hope of selectively targeting cancer cells by therapy and eradicating definitively malignancies is based on the identification of pathways or metabolisms that clearly distinguish “normal” from “transformed” phenotypes. Some tyrosine kinase activities, specifically unregulated and potently activated in malignant cells, might represent important targets of therapy. Consequently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) might be thought as the “vanguard” of molecularly targeted therapy for human neoplasias. Imatinib and the successive generations of inhibitors of Bcr-Abl1 kinase, represent the major successful examples of TKI use in cancer treatment. Other tyrosine kinases have been selected as targets of therapy, but the efficacy of their inhibition, although evident, is less definite. Two major negative effects exist in this therapeutic strategy and are linked to the specificity of the drugs and to the role of the targeted kinase in non-malignant cells. In this review, we will discuss the data available on the TKIs effects on the metabolism and functions of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are widely distributed in human tissues and play key physiological roles; nevertheless, they might be responsible for important pathologies. At present, bone marrow (BM) MSCs have been studied in greater detail, for both embryological origins and functions. The available data are evocative of an unexpected degree of complexity and heterogeneity of BM-MSCs. It is conceivable that this grade of intricacy occurs also in MSCs of other organs. Therefore, in perspective, the negative effects of TKIs on MSCs might represent a critical problem in long-term cancer therapies based on such inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Borriello
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caldarelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Ghasemzadeh M, Hosseini E, Ahmadi M, Kamalizad M, Amirizadeh N. Comparable osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells derived from human amnion membrane and bone marrow. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:729-739. [PMID: 29305674 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, substantial attentions have been attracted to the application of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) in different therapeutic approaches. Although human bone marrow is commonly considered as a major source for MSCs, having an invasive collection method, ethical consideration and donor availability create a challenge for scientists, leading them to explore better alternative sources for MSCs. The study presented here aimed to characterize and compare osteogenic capacity of MSCs obtained from the amnion membrane (AM) with those originated from BM. Cells isolated from AMs and BMs were cultured in DMEM-low glucose supplemented with FBS, penicillin and streptomycin. After 24 h of incubation, cells adhered to the plastic surface of the flasks were allowed to proliferate for more days. A sub-confluent culture of cells was trypsinized and re-cultured. The MSCs were characterized by the expression of specific markers with flow cytometry. The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was also validated by alkaline phosphatase and alizarian red S staining. Our results showed comparable expression of MSCs specific markers for both MSC sources (AM and BM). We also showed the optimum osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from both sources whereas hAM-MSCs revealed higher proliferation rate. We found no essential immunophenotypic differences between MSCs originated from bone marrow and amnion membrane while their differentiations into osteoblastic linage were also comparable. This was in addition to the higher proliferation rate observed for hAM-MSCs which suggests hAM as an easily accessible and reliable source of MSCs applicable for bone engineering, regenerative medicine or other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran.
| | - Mohammadhossein Ahmadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Maedeh Kamalizad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Express Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
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120
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Li Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Sun L, Sha Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma Y, Cao H. The collective influence of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 with physiological fluid shear stress on osteoblasts. Steroids 2018; 129:9-16. [PMID: 29155218 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2 D3) and mechanical stimuli in physiological environment contributes greatly to osteoporosis pathogenesis. Wide investigations have been conducted on how 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and mechanical stimuli separately impact osteoblasts. This study reports the collective influences of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and flow shear stress (FSS) on biological functions of osteoblasts. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 were prepared in various kinds of concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 nmmol/L), while physiological fluid shear stress (12 dynes/cm2) was produced by using a parallel-plate fluid flow system. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 affects the responses of ROBs to FSS, including the inhibition of NO release and cell proliferation as well as the promotion of PGE2 release and cell differentiation. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which 1, 25(OH)2 D3 influences osteoblasts' responses to FSS, thus most probably providing guidance for the selection of 1, 25(OH)2 D3 concentration and mechanical loading in order to produce functional bone tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Jiafeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yunying Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
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Yu H, Jiang L, Wan B, Zhang W, Yao L, Che T, Gan C, Su N, He J, Huang J, Zhang K, Zhang Y. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bone remodeling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 134:44-49. [PMID: 29277341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a persistent process for maintaining skeletal system homeostasis, and it depends on the dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in regulating skeletal system. In order to better understand the role of Ahr in bone remodeling, we focused on bone remodeling characteristic, and the effects of Ahr on bone formation and differentiation, which suggest that Ahr is a critical control factor in the process of bone remodeling. Moreover, we discussed the impacts of Ahr on several signaling pathways related to bone remodeling, hoping to provide a theoretical basis to improve bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bo Wan
- The 3rd and 4th Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cental Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Liqiong Yao
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, East road no. 110 nanhe yantan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jinchun He
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jintian Huang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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Herath TDK, Larbi A, Teoh SH, Kirkpatrick CJ, Goh BT. Neutrophil-mediated enhancement of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a novel triple cell co-culture model with endothelial cells and osteoblasts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1221-e1236. [PMID: 28715156 DOI: 10.1002/term.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of critical-sized bone defects remain a major challenge in orthopaedic and craniomaxillofacial surgery. Until now, attempts to bioengineer bone tissue have been hindered by the inability to establish proper angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the tissue construct. In the present study, we established a novel triple cell co-culture model consisting of osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and neutrophils and conducted a systematic investigation of the effects of neutrophils on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Neutrophils significantly increased angiogenesis in the tissue construct, evidenced by the formation of microvessel-like structures with an extensive lattice-like, stable tubular network in the co-culture model. Moreover, neutrophils significantly induced the expression of pro-angiogenic markers, such as VEGF-A, CD34, EGF, and FGF-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, PCR arrays corroborated that neutrophils upregulate the important angiogenic markers and MMPs. Moreover, neutrophils also enhanced osteogenic markers, such as ALP, OCN, OPN, and COL-1 compared with the controls. As shown by the osteogenic gene arrays, neutrophils significantly regulated major osteogenic markers such as BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, TGF-β2, RUNX2, and ECM proteins. Significantly higher mineralization was observed in triple cell co-culture compared with controls. Foregoing data indicate that the triple cell co-culture model can be used to stimulate the growth of microvasculature within a bone bioengineering construct to improve cell viability. Neutrophil-mediated enhancement of angiogenesis and osteogenesis could be a viable, clinically relevant tissue engineering strategy to obtain optimal bone growth in defect sites, in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - C James Kirkpatrick
- REPAIR-Lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Zheng D, Cui C, Yu M, Li X, Wang L, Chen X, Lin Y. Coenzyme Q10 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:400-407. [PMID: 29115467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat‑soluble vitamin‑like substance used for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including osteoporosis. The exact mechanism underlying CoQ10‑mediated protection against osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 on osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation, and therapeutic effects on a rat model of osteoporosis. Following treatment with different concentrations of CoQ10, cell proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and expression of osteoblastogenic markers, were measured. Rats with osteoporosis subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) were treated with different concentrations of CoQ10. Serum levels of estrogen and bone metabolism markers were measured. Micro computed tomography scans were used to analyze morphological changes in bones. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‑trisphosphate 3‑phosphatase and dual‑specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol 4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K)/RAC‑alpha serine/threonine‑protein kinase(AKT), were determined. CoQ10 significantly increased the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in a dose‑dependent manner, with an increased expression of osteogenic markers. CoQ10 significantly decreased bone resorption but exhibited no effect on serum E2 levels in vivo. CoQ10 markedly enhanced bone formation. Furthermore, the abundance of p‑PI3K and p‑AKT increased while PTEN levels decreased in a dose‑dependent manner following administration of CoQ10. CoQ10 stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs and is effective for the treatment of OVX‑induced osteoporosis in rats. The above effects of CoQ10 may be mediated by activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Zheng
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Chenli Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Department of Osteoporosis Diagnostic, Research and Treatment Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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Gu H, Boonanantanasarn K, Kang M, Kim I, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation Through Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Med Food 2017; 21:57-69. [PMID: 28981378 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) leaf is an herbal medicine with application in the domestic treatment of a broad range of conditions, including bone fracture and luxation. However, the basic mechanism underlying the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation by Noni leaf extract remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of this extract on osteogenic differentiation and the mechanism by which Noni leaf extract enhances osteogenic differentiation. Aqueous extract of Noni leaves was prepared, and rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were identified to be two of its major components. C2C12 and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were used to study the effect of Noni. Noni did not show cytotoxicity at a concentration range of 0.015%-1.0% (w/v%) and significantly enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers, including Runx2, ALP, osterix, and osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Wnt3a, and β-catenin. In addition, Noni enhanced the matrix mineralization of hPDL cells. In the signaling pathways, Noni increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK3β and nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin, which were attenuated by the addition of Dkk-1, a Wnt inhibitor, or LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that Noni leaf extract enhances osteogenic differentiation through the PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Noni leaf extract might be a novel alternative medicine for bone and periodontal regeneration in patients with periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gu
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Kanitsak Boonanantanasarn
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonkyu Kang
- 2 R&D Center , MAYJUNE Life & Health Co., Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ikhwi Kim
- 3 Elcubio Co., Ltd. , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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Iqbal H, Ali M, Zeeshan R, Mutahir Z, Iqbal F, Nawaz MAH, Shahzadi L, Chaudhry AA, Yar M, Luan S, Khan AF, Rehman IU. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HA)/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) spongy scaffolds-synthesis and evaluation as potential alveolar bone substitutes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:553-563. [PMID: 29024920 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss is associated with infections and its augmentation is a pre-requisite for the success of dental implants. In present study, we aim to develop and evaluate novel freeze dried doxycycline loaded chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) spongy scaffolds where hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was added as a crosslinker. Scaffolds displayed compressive strength of 14MPa/cm3 and 0.34 as elastic response. The interconnected pore diameter was 41-273μm, favorably provided the template supporting cells and transport. An overall 10% degradation was seen after 14day's studies at pH 7.4 in PBS. Doxycycline hyclate, a frequently used drug to counter oral infections, demonstrated an initial burst release (6-8h), followed by a sustain release profile for the remaining 64h. CS/HA/HPMC scaffolds were nontoxic and promoted pre-osteoblast cell viability as seen with live/dead calcein staining after 24h where scaffolds with 10% and 25% HPMC by weight of scaffold had more viable cells. Scaffolds with 10%, 20% and 25% HPMC by weight of scaffold showed efficient cellular adhesion as seen in scanning electron microscopy images (day 8) indicating that pre-osteoblast cells were able to adhere well on the surface and into the porous structure via cytoplasmic extensions. Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining at day 2 and 8 indicated cell proliferation which was further supported byMTT assay at day 2, 4 and 8. Although all scaffolds supported pre-osteoblast cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining demonstrated that upon induction, differentiation was pronounced in case of scaffolds with 10% HMPC scaffolds. Conclusively, these materials having all the required mechanical and biological properties are potential candidates for alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haffsah Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zeeshan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Mutahir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farasat Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Shahzadi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtesham-Ur Rehman
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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126
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Megat Abdul Wahab R, Mohamed Rozali NA, Senafi S, Zainol Abidin IZ, Zainal Ariffin Z, Zainal Ariffin SH. Impact of isolation method on doubling time and the quality of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiated from murine dental pulp stem cells. PeerJ 2017. [PMID: 28626603 PMCID: PMC5473353 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells are normally isolated from dental pulps using the enzymatic digestion or the outgrowth method. However, the effects of the isolation method on the quality of the isolated stem cells are not studied in detail in murine models. The aim of this study was to compare the matrices secreted by osteoblast and chondrocytes differentiated from dental pulp stem cells isolated through different means. Method DPSC from murine incisors were isolated through either the outgrowth (DPSC-OG) or the enzymatic digestion (DPSC-ED) method. Cells at passage 4 were used in this study. The cells were characterized through morphology and expression of cell surface markers. The cells’ doubling time when cultured using different seeding densities was calculated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test. The ability of cells to differentiate to chondrocyte and osteoblast was evaluated through staining and analysis on the matrices secreted. Results Gene expression analysis showed that DPSC-OG and DPSC-ED expressed dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell markers, but not hematopoietic stem cell markers. The least number of cells that could have been used to culture DPSC-OG and DPSC-ED with the shortest doubling time was 5 × 102 cells/cm2 (11.49 ± 2.16 h) and 1 × 102 cells/cm2 (10.55 h ± 0.50), respectively. Chondrocytes differentiated from DPSC-ED produced 2 times more proteoglycan and at a faster rate than DPSC-OG. FTIR revealed that DPSC-ED differentiated into osteoblast also secreted matrix, which more resembled a calvaria. Discussion Isolation approaches might have influenced the cell populations obtained. This, in turn, resulted in cells with different proliferation and differentiation capability. While both DPSC-OG and DPSC-ED expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers, the percentage of cells carrying each marker might have differed between the two methods. Regardless, enzymatic digestion clearly yielded cells with better characteristics than outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Akmal Mohamed Rozali
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahidan Senafi
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin
- Centre for Graduate Studies, Research Resources Centre, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Corrado A, Maruotti N, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast Role in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061272. [PMID: 28617323 PMCID: PMC5486094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in osteoblast growth, differentiation and activity play a role in the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritides, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. In fact, in these rheumatic diseases, abnormal activity of Wnt signaling, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) pathway and other mechanisms have been described in osteoblasts. This review article is focused on current knowledge on the role of osteoblast dysregulation occurring in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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128
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Maruotti N, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2957-2963. [PMID: 28425564 PMCID: PMC5575507 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Even if osteoarthritis pathogenesis is still poorly understood, numerous evidences suggest that osteoblasts dysregulation plays a key role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. An abnormal expression of OPG and RANKL has been described in osteoarthritis osteoblasts, which is responsible for abnormal bone remodeling and decreased mineralization. Alterations in genes expression are involved in dysregulation of osteoblast function, bone remodeling, and mineralization, leading to osteoarthritis development. Moreover, osteoblasts produce numerous transcription factors, growth factors, and other proteic molecules which are involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco P Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
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129
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Talbot J, Brion R, Lamora A, Mullard M, Morice S, Heymann D, Verrecchia F. Connexin43 intercellular communication drives the early differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:946-957. [PMID: 28369869 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been demonstrated that human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) express the ubiquitous connexin43 (Cx43) and form functional gap junctions, their role in the early differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts remains poorly documented. Using in vitro assays, we show that Cx43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) are increased during the differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts, both at the protein and mRNA levels. Two independent procedures to reduce GJIC, a pharmacological approach with GJIC inhibitors (18α-glycyrrhetinic acid and Gap27 peptide) and a molecular approach using small interfering RNA against Cx43, demonstrated that the presence of Cx43 and functional junctional channels are essential to the ability of hBMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro. In addition, a reduced GJIC decreases the expression of Runx2, the major transcription factor implicated in the control of osteoblast commitment and early differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts, suggesting that GJIC mediated by Cx43 is implicated in this process. Together our results demonstrate that GJIC mediated by the Cx43 channels plays a central role throughout the differentiation of hBMSC into osteoblasts, from the early stages to the process of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1238, Nantes, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France.,CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Lamora
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1238, Nantes, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France.,CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Mullard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1238, Nantes, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Morice
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1238, Nantes, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,CHU, Nantes, France.,Department of Oncology and metabolism, INSERM European Associated Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Shefflied, UK
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1238, Nantes, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
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130
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Alsheikh M, Abu-Khader A, Michalicka M, Pasha R, Pineault N. Impact of osteoblast maturation on their paracrine growth enhancing activity on cord blood progenitors. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:542-552. [PMID: 28160325 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblasts possess strong growth modulatory activity on haematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. We sought to characterise the growth and differentiation modulatory activities of human osteoblasts at distinct stages of maturation on cord blood (CB) progenitors in the context of osteoblast conditioned medium (OCM). METHODS OCM was produced from MSC-derived osteoblasts (M-OST) at distinct stages of maturation. The growth modulatory activities of the OCM were tested on CB CD34+ cells using different functional assays. RESULTS OCMs raised the growth of CB cells and expansion of CD34+ cells independently of the maturation status of M-OST. However, productions of immature CB cells including committed and multipotent progenitors were superior with OCM produced with immature osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by the upregulation of IGFBP-2, by several members of the Angpt-L family of growth factor, and by the Notch ligands Dll-1 and Dll-4. However, the growth activity of OCM and the in vivo engraftment properties of OCM-expanded CB cells were retained after IGFBP-2 neutralisation. Similarly, OCM-mediated expansion of CB myeloid progenitors was largely independent of Notch signalling. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that immature osteoblasts possess greater regulatory activity over haematopoietic progenitors, and that this activity is not entirely dependent on Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alsheikh
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Abu-Khader
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Michalicka
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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131
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Przekora A, Ginalska G. Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold enhances osteogenic differentiation through TNF-α-mediated mechanism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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132
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Elli FM, Boldrin V, Pirelli A, Spada A, Mantovani G. The Complex GNAS Imprinted Locus and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:250-258. [PMID: 27756094 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
All tissues and organs derive from stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells able to differentiate into specialized cells and self-renewal. In mammals, there are embryonic stem cells that generate germ layers, and adult stem cells, which act as a repair system for the body and maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic adult multipotent cells, which reside in virtually all postnatal organs and tissues, and, under appropriate in vitro conditions, are capable to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic lineages. Their commitment and differentiation depend on several interacting signaling pathways and transcription factors. Most GNAS-based disorders have the common feature of episodic de novo formation of islands of extraskeletal, qualitatively normal, bone in skin and subcutaneous fat. The tissue distribution of these lesions suggests that pathogenesis involves abnormal differentiation of MSCs and/or more committed precursor cells that are present in subcutaneous tissues. Data coming from transgenic mice support the concept that GNAS is a key factor in the regulation of lineage switching between osteoblast and adipocyte fates, and that its role may be to prevent bone formation in tissues where bone should not form. Despite the growing knowledge about the process of heterotopic ossification in rare genetic disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms by which alterations of cAMP signaling lead to ectopic bone formation in the context of mesenchymal tissues is not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Elli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - V Boldrin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pirelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A Spada
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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133
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Kusuyama J, Bandow K, Ohnishi T, Hisadome M, Shima K, Semba I, Matsuguchi T. Osteopontin inhibits osteoblast responsiveness through the down-regulation of focal adhesion kinase mediated by the induction of low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1326-1336. [PMID: 28331074 PMCID: PMC5426847 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a major marker of osteogenic differentiation, suppresses osteoblast responses to mechanical stress and cytokines, including HGF and PDGF. These OPN-induced effects are mediated through focal adhesion kinase inactivation by the induction of low–molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase. Osteopontin (OPN) is an osteogenic marker protein. Osteoblast functions are affected by inflammatory cytokines and pathological conditions. OPN is highly expressed in bone lesions such as those in rheumatoid arthritis. However, local regulatory effects of OPN on osteoblasts remain ambiguous. Here we examined how OPN influences osteoblast responses to mechanical stress and growth factors. Expression of NO synthase 1 (Nos1) and Nos2 was increased by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts. The increase of Nos1/2 expression was abrogated by both exogenous OPN overexpression and recombinant OPN treatment, whereas it was promoted by OPN-specific siRNA and OPN antibody. Moreover, LIPUS-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a crucial regulator of mechanoresponses, was down-regulated by OPN treatments. OPN also attenuated hepatocyte growth factor–induced vitamin D receptor (Vdr) expression and platelet-derived growth factor–induced cell mobility through the repression of FAK activity. Of note, the expression of low–molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP), a FAK phosphatase, was increased in both OPN-treated and differentiated osteoblasts. CD44 was a specific OPN receptor for LWW-PTP induction. Consistently, the suppressive influence of OPN on osteoblast responsiveness was abrogated by LMW-PTP knockdown. Taken together, these results reveal novel functions of OPN in osteoblast physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Bandow
- Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakato 350-0283, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hisadome
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Field of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Oral Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ichiro Semba
- Department of Oral Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Sens C, Huck K, Pettera S, Uebel S, Wabnitz G, Moser M, Nakchbandi IA. Fibronectins containing extradomain A or B enhance osteoblast differentiation via distinct integrins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7745-7760. [PMID: 28325836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a multidomain protein secreted by various cell types. It forms a network of fibers within the extracellular matrix and impacts intracellular processes by binding to various molecules, primarily integrin receptors on the cells. Both the presence of several isoforms and the ability of the various domains and isoforms to bind to a variety of integrins result in a wide range of effects. In vivo findings suggest that fibronectin isoforms produced by the osteoblasts enhance their differentiation. Here we report that the isoform characterized by the presence of extradomain A activates α4β1 integrin and augments osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the isoform containing extradomain B enhances the binding of fibronectin through the RGD sequence to β3-containing integrin, resulting in increased mineralization by and differentiation of osteoblasts. Our study thus reveals novel functions for two fibronectin isoforms and the mediating receptors in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sens
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and.,the Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Huck
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and.,the Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pettera
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and
| | - Stephan Uebel
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- the Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and
| | - Inaam A Nakchbandi
- From the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried and .,the Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hygum K, Starup-Linde J, Harsløf T, Vestergaard P, Langdahl BL. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Diabetes mellitus, a state of low bone turnover - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R137-R157. [PMID: 28049653 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences in bone turnover between diabetic patients and controls. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases Medline at PubMed and EMBASE. The free text search terms 'diabetes mellitus' and 'bone turnover', 'sclerostin', 'RANKL', 'osteoprotegerin', 'tartrate-resistant acid' and 'TRAP' were used. Studies were eligible if they investigated bone turnover markers in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Data were extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 2881 papers were identified of which 66 studies were included. Serum levels of the bone resorption marker C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (-0.10 ng/mL (-0.12, -0.08)) and the bone formation markers osteocalcin (-2.51 ng/mL (-3.01, -2.01)) and procollagen type 1 amino terminal propeptide (-10.80 ng/mL (-12.83, -8.77)) were all lower in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Furthermore, s-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (-0.31 U/L (-0.56, -0.05)) compared with controls. S-sclerostin was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (14.92 pmol/L (3.12, 26.72)) and patients with type 1 diabetes (3.24 pmol/L (1.52, 4.96)) compared with controls. Also, s-osteoprotegerin was increased among patients with diabetes compared with controls (2.67 pmol/L (0.21, 5.14)). CONCLUSIONS Markers of both bone formation and bone resorption are decreased in patients with diabetes. This suggests that diabetes mellitus is a state of low bone turnover, which in turn may lead to more fragile bone. Altered levels of sclerostin and osteoprotegerin may be responsible for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hygum
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine and EndocrinologyAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Tsao YT, Shih YY, Liu YA, Liu YS, Lee OK. Knockdown of SLC41A1 magnesium transporter promotes mineralization and attenuates magnesium inhibition during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28222767 PMCID: PMC5320718 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is essential for numerous physiological functions. Magnesium exists mostly in bone and the amount is dynamically regulated by skeletal remodeling. Accelerating bone mass loss occurs when magnesium intake is insufficient; whereas high magnesium could lead to mineralization defects. However, the underlying magnesium regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high extracellular magnesium concentration on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and the role of magnesium transporter SLC41A1 in the mineralization process. METHODS Murine MSCs derived from the bone marrow of BALB/c mouse or commercially purchased human MSCs were treated with osteogenic induction medium containing 5.8 mM magnesium chloride and the osteogenic differentiation efficiency was compared with that of MSCs in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium chloride by cell morphology, gene expression profile of osteogenic markers, and Alizarin Red staining. Slc41a1 gene knockdown in MSCs was performed by siRNA transfection using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, and the differentiation efficiency of siRNA-treated MSCs was also assessed. RESULTS High concentration of extracellular magnesium ion inhibited mineralization during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Early osteogenic marker genes including osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen were significantly downregulated in MSCs under high concentration of magnesium, whereas late marker genes such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were upregulated with statistical significance compared with those in normal differentiation medium containing 0.8 mM magnesium. siRNA treatment targeting SLC41A1 magnesium transporter, a member of the solute carrier family with a predominant Mg2+ efflux system, accelerated the mineralization process and ameliorated the inhibition of mineralization caused by high concentration of magnesium. High concentration of magnesium significantly upregulated Dkk1 gene expression and the upregulation was attenuated after the Slc41a1 gene was knocked down. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Slc41a1 gene knockdown promoted the translocation of phosphorylated β-catenin into nuclei. In addition, secreted MGP protein was elevated after Slc41a1 was knocked down. CONCLUSIONS High concentration of extracellular magnesium modulates gene expression of MSCs during osteogenic differentiation and inhibits the mineralization process. Additionally, we identified magnesium transporter SLC41A1 that regulates the interaction of magnesium and MSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Wnt signaling is suggested to be involved in SLC41A1-mediated regulation. Tissue-specific SLC41A1 could be a potential treatment for bone mass loss; in addition, caution should be taken regarding the role of magnesium in osteoporosis and the design of magnesium alloys for implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Tsao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 33004 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yi Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Rm. 825, Chih-Teh Building, No.322, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, 145 Zhengzhou Road, Taipei, 10341 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
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Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M, Kamalizad M, Schwarer AP. Ex vivo expansion of CD3 depleted cord blood-MNCs in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells; an appropriate strategy to provide functional NK cells applicable for cellular therapy. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:148-155. [PMID: 28171825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells, we introduced a cost-effective approach to expand CD3depleted UCB-MNCs into functional NK cells. CD3depleted UCB-MNCs were expanded in the presence or absence of a feeder [bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) or osteoblasts], with or without cytokines and their differentiation into NK cells was determined by flow cytometry. NK cell function was quantified by LAMP-1/CD107a expression, TNF-α/IFN-γ release, and LDH release/PI staining in targets. Higher expansion of NK cells was observed after two weeks in the presence of BMSCs and cytokines (104±15) compared to osteoblasts and cytokines (84±29, p<0.05). On day 14, CD3depleted UCB-MNCs in the presence of BMSCs and cytokines showed lower expression of CD3, CD19, CD14, CD15 and CD69 as well as higher expression of CD2 and CD7, which were suggestive of cell differentiation into mature NK cell lineage. Strong cytotoxicity of expanded cells was also identified with higher LDH release and PI% in targets. Significant upregulation of LAMP-1 with decreased release of IFN-γ and TNF-α from effectors were observed. We demonstrate an effective expansion of UCB-NK cells that maintained their functional capabilities applicable for cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Kamalizad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony P Schwarer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eastern School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kırzıoğlu FY, Tözüm Bulut M, Doğan B, Fentoğlu Ö, Özmen Ö, Çarsancaklı SA, Ergün AG, Özdem M, Orhan H. Anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin decreases alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Oral Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Y. Kırzıoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Memduha Tözüm Bulut
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Burak Doğan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mustafa Kemal
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy
| | | | - Ayşe G. Ergün
- Microbiology Department, Konya Numune Training and Research Hospital
| | - Muhsin Özdem
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant Izzet Baysal
| | - Hikmet Orhan
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Süleyman Demirel
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Crossman J, Hassan AH, Saleem A, Felemban N, Aldaghreer S, Fawzi E, Farid M, Abdel-Ghaffar K, Gargoum A, El-Bialy T. Effect of gingival fibroblasts and ultrasound on dogs' root resorption during orthodontic treatment. J Orthod Sci 2017; 6:28-35. [PMID: 28197400 PMCID: PMC5278582 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.197396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effect of using osteogenic induced gingival fibroblasts (OIGFs) and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on root resorption lacunae volume and cementum thickness in beagle dogs that received orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Seven beagle dogs were used, from which gingival cells (GCs) were obtained and were induced osteogenically to produce OIGFs. Each third and fourth premolar was randomly assigned to one of the five groups, namely, LIPUS, OIGFs, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), OIGFs + LIPUS, and control. All groups received 4 weeks of bodily tooth movement, then LIPUS-treated groups received LIPUS for 20 min/day for 4 weeks, and OIGFs groups received an injection of OIGFs near the root apex. Microcomputed tomography analysis was used to calculate root resorption lacunae volume and histomorphometric analysis was performed to measure the cementum thickness of each root at 3 root levels on compression and tension sides. Results: There was no significant difference in resorption volume between the treatment groups. OIGFs + LIPUS increased cementum thickness (P > 0.05) in third premolars near the apex, and LIPUS increased cementum thickness (P > 0.05) in fourth premolars near the apex. Furthermore, BMP2 increased cementum thickness at the coronal third at the compression side. Conclusion: OIGFs, LIPUS, and BMP-2 can be potential treatments for orthodontically induced root resorption, however, improvements in experimental design and treatment parameters are required to further investigate these repair modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Crossman
- 7-020D Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ali H Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Saleem
- Queen Dental/Medical Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef Felemban
- Department Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Aldaghreer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Fawzi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ausama Gargoum
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Ain-Shams University, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- 7-020D Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Millar SA, Patel H, Anderson SI, England TJ, O’Sullivan SE. Osteocalcin, Vascular Calcification, and Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:183. [PMID: 28824544 PMCID: PMC5534451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocalcin (OC) is an intriguing hormone, concomitantly being the most abundant non-collagenous peptide found in the mineralized matrix of bone, and expanding the endocrine function of the skeleton with far-reaching extra-osseous effects. A new line of enquiry between OC and vascular calcification has emerged in response to observations that the mechanism of vascular calcification resembles that of bone mineralisation. To date, studies have reported mixed results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify any association between OC and vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Databases were searched for original, peer reviewed human studies. A total of 1,453 articles were retrieved, of which 46 met the eligibility criteria. Overall 26 positive, 17 negative, and 29 neutral relationships were reported for assessments between OC (either concentration in blood, presence of OC-positive cells, or histological staining for OC) and extent of calcification or atherosclerosis. Studies that measured OC-positive cells or histological staining for OC reported positive relationships (11 studies). A higher percentage of Asian studies found a negative relationship (36%) in contrast to European studies (6%). Studies examining carboxylated and undercarboxylated forms of OC in the blood failed to report consistent results. The meta-analysis found no significant difference between OC concentration in the blood between patients with "atherosclerosis" and control (p = 0.13, n = 1,197). CONCLUSION No definitive association was determined between OC and vascular calcification or atherosclerosis; however, the presence of OC-positive cells and histological staining had a consistent positive correlation with calcification or atherosclerosis. The review highlighted several themes, which may influence OC within differing populations leading to inconclusive results. Large, longitudinal studies are required to further current understanding of the clinical relevance of OC in vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Millar
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sophie A. Millar,
| | - Hinal Patel
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I. Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. England
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E. O’Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
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Folkert J, Meresta A, Gaber T, Miksch K, Buttgereit F, Detert J, Pischon N, Gurzawska K. Nanocoating with plant-derived pectins activates osteoblast response in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:239-249. [PMID: 28096669 PMCID: PMC5207473 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy to improve osseointegration of implants is to stimulate adhesion of bone cells, bone matrix formation, and mineralization at the implant surface by modifying surface coating on the nanoscale level. Plant-derived pectins have been proposed as potential candidates for surface nanocoating of orthopedic and dental titanium implants due to 1) their osteogenic stimulation of osteoblasts to mineralize and 2) their ability to control pectin structural changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the impact of the nanoscale plant-derived pectin Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) from potato on the osteogenic response of murine osteoblasts. RG-I from potato pulps was isolated, structurally modified, or left unmodified. Tissue culture plates were either coated with modified RG-I or unmodified RG-I or - as a control - left uncoated. The effect of nanocoating on mice osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1 and primary murine osteoblast with regard to proliferation, osteogenic response in terms of mineralization, and gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphate (Alpl), osteocalcin (Bglap), α-1 type I collagen (Col1a1), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) were analyzed after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Nanocoating with pectin RG-Is increased proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 and primary osteoblast as compared to osteoblasts cultured without nanocoating. Moreover, osteogenic transcriptional response of osteoblasts was induced by nanocoating in terms of gene induction of Runx2, Alpl, Bglap, and Col1a1 in a time-dependent manner - of note - to the highest extent under the PA-coating condition. In contrast, Rankl expression was initially reduced by nanocoating in MC3T3-E1 or remained unaltered in primary osteoblast as compared to the uncoated controls. Our results showed that nanocoating of implants with modified RG-I beneficially 1) supports osteogenesis, 2) has the capacity to improve osseointegration of implants, and is therefore 3) a potential candidate for nanocoating of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Folkert
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - A Meresta
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - T Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
| | - K Miksch
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - F Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
| | - J Detert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
| | - N Pischon
- Department of Periodontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Gurzawska
- Department of Periodontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Oral Surgery, The School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Yamamoto K, Sato Y, Honjo K, Ichioka H, Oseko F, Sowa Y, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Kishida T, Mazda O. Generation of Directly Converted Human Osteoblasts That Are Free of Exogenous Gene and Xenogenic Protein. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2538-45. [PMID: 26990860 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Generation of osteoblasts from human somatic cells may be applicable in an effective transplantation therapy against bone diseases. Recently we established a procedure to directly convert human fibroblasts into osteoblasts by transducing some transcription factor genes via retroviral vectors. However, retroviral vector-mediated transduction may potentially cause tumor formation from the infected cells, thus a non-viral gene transfection method may be more preferable for preparation of osteoblasts to be used for transplantation therapy. Here, we constructed a plasmid vector encoding Oct4, Osterix, and L-Myc that were an appropriate combination of transcription factors for this purpose. Osteoblast-like phenotypes including high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone matrix production and osteoblast-specific gene expression were induced in normal human fibroblasts that were transfected with the plasmid followed by culturing in osteogenic medium. The plasmid-driven directly converted osteoblasts (p-dOBs) were obtained even in the absence of a xenogenic protein. The plasmid vector sequence had fallen out of the p-dOBs. The cells formed deposition of calcified bodies in situ after transplantation into mice. These results strongly suggest that p-dOBs can be put into practical use for a novel cell-based therapy against bone diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2538-2545, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sato
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Honjo
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichioka
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumishige Oseko
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Abu-Khader A, Pasha R, Ward GCD, Boisjoli G, Pineault N. Characterization of the growth modulatory activities of osteoblast conditioned media on cord blood progenitor cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2257-2269. [PMID: 27757713 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Engraftment outcomes are strongly correlated with the numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) infused. Expansion of umbilical cord blood (CB) HSPC has gained much interest lately since infusion of expanded HSPC can accelerate engraftment and improve clinical outcomes. Many novel protocols based on different expansion strategies of HSPC and their downstream derivatives are under development. Herein, we describe the production and properties of serum-free medium (SFM) conditioned with mesenchymal stromal cells derived-osteoblasts (OCM) for the expansion of umbilical CB cells and progenitors. After optimization of the conditioning length, we show that OCM increased the production of human CB total nucleated cells and CD34+ cells by 1.8-fold and 1.5-fold over standard SFM, respectively. Production of immature CD34+ subpopulations enriched in hematopoietic stem cells was also improved with a shorter conditioning period. Moreover, we show that the growth modulatory activities of OCM on progenitor expansion are regulated by both soluble factors and non-soluble cellular elements. Finally, the growth and differentiation modulatory activities of OCM were fully retained after high dose-ionizing irradiation and highly stable when OCM is stored frozen. In summary, our results suggest that OCM efficiently mimics some of the natural regulatory activities of osteoblasts on HSPC and highlight the marked expansion potentials of SFM conditioned with osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Khader
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
| | - Gwendoline C D Ward
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
| | - Gavin Boisjoli
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada. .,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Tuzcu S, Durmaz ŞA, Carlıoğlu A, Demircan Z, Tuzcu A, Beyaz C, Tay A. The effects of high serum growth hormone and IGF-1 levels on bone mineral density in acromegaly. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:716-722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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145
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Brun J, Abruzzese T, Rolauffs B, Aicher WK, Hart ML. Choice of xenogenic-free expansion media significantly influences the myogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:344-59. [PMID: 26857228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential for use in cell-based therapies for restoration of structure and function of many tissue types including smooth muscle. METHODS We compared proliferation, immunophenotype, differentiation capability and gene expression of bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded in different media containing human serum, plasma and platelet lysate in combination with commonly used protocols for myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, we developed a xenogenic-free protocol for myogenic differentiation of MSCs. RESULTS Expansion of MSCs in media complemented with serum, serum + platelet lysate or plasma + platelet lysate were multipotent because they differentiated toward four mesenchymal (myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic) lineages. Addition of platelet lysate to expansion media increased the proliferation of MSCs and their expression of CD146. Incubation of MSCs in medium containing human serum or plasma plus 5% human platelet lysate in combination with smooth muscle cell (SMC)-inducing growth factors TGFβ1, PDGF and ascorbic acid induced high expression of ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1 and/or MYH11 contractile SMC markers. Osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiations served as controls. DISCUSSION Our study provides novel data on the myogenic differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the SMC lineage using different xenogenic-free cell culture expansion media in combination with distinct differentiation medium compositions. We show that the choice of expansion medium significantly influences the differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the smooth muscle cell, as well as osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. These results can aid in designing studies using MSCs for tissue-specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Brun
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Abruzzese
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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146
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Mansell J, Cooke M, Read M, Rudd H, Shiel A, Wilkins K, Manso M. Chitinase 3-like 1 expression by human (MG63) osteoblasts in response to lysophosphatidic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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147
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Li Y, Wang J, Xing J, Wang Y, Luo Y. Surface chemistry regulates the sensitivity and tolerability of osteoblasts to various magnitudes of fluid shear stress. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2978-2991. [PMID: 27466082 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds provide a physical support for osteoblasts and act as the medium to transfer mechanical stimuli to cells. To verify our hypothesis that the surface chemistry of scaffolds regulates the perception of cells to mechanical stimuli, the sensitivity and tolerability of osteoblasts to fluid shear stress (FSS) of various magnitudes (5, 12, 20 dynes/cm2 ) were investigated on various surface chemistries (-OH, -CH3 , -NH2 ), and their follow-up effects on cell proliferation and differentiation were examined as well. The sensitivity was characterized by the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) while the tolerability was by cellular membrane integrity. The cell proliferation was characterized by S-phase cell fraction and the differentiation by ALP activity and ECM expression (fibronectin and type I collagen). As revealed, osteoblasts demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower tolerability on OH and CH3 surfaces, yet lower sensitivity and higher tolerability on NH2 surfaces. Observations on the focal adhesion formation, F-actin organization and cellular orientation before and after FSS exposure suggest that the potential mechanism lies in the differential control of F-actin organization and focal adhesion formation by surface chemistry, which further divergently mediates the sensitivity and tolerability of ROBs to FSS and the follow-up cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings are essentially valuable for design/selection of desirable surface chemistry to orchestrate with FSS stimuli, inducing appropriate cell responses and promoting bone formation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2978-2991, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.,School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yanfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China. .,Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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148
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Zainal Ariffin SH, Mohamed Rozali NA, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Senafi S, Zainol Abidin IZ, Zainal Ariffin Z. Analyses of basal media and serum for in vitro expansion of suspension peripheral blood mononucleated stem cell. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:675-86. [PMID: 26231833 PMCID: PMC4960118 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells requires a huge amount of cells, deeming the expansion of the cells in vitro necessary. The aim of this study is to define the optimal combination of basal medium and serum for the expansion of suspension peripheral blood mononucleated stem cells (PBMNSCs) without resulting in loss in the differentiation potential. Mononucleated cells were isolated from both mice and human peripheral blood samples through gradient centrifugation and expanded in α-MEM, RPMI, MEM or DMEM supplemented with either NBCS or FBS. The suspension cells were then differentiated to osteoblast. Our data suggested that α-MEM supplemented with 10 % (v/v) NBCS gives the highest fold increase after 14 days of culture for both mice and human PBMNSCs, which were ~1.51 and ~2.01 times, respectively. The suspension PBMNSCs in the respective medium were also able to maintain osteoblast differentiation potential as supported by the significant increase in ALP specific activity. The cells are also viable during the differentiated states when using this media. All these data strongly suggested that α-MEM supplemented with 10 % NBCS is the best media for the expansion of both mouse and human suspension PBMNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmal Mohamed Rozali
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sahidan Senafi
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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149
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Zou L, Zhang G, Liu L, Chen C, Cao X, Cai J. Caveolin-1 is critical in the proliferative effect of leptin on osteoblasts through the activation of Akt. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1915-22. [PMID: 27430651 PMCID: PMC4991759 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are critical in bone remodeling and the repair of bone fractures. Leptin is involved in bone metabolism and osteoblast survival through the downstream signaling pathway, however, the exact mechanism of the effect of leptin on osteoblasts remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, hFOB 1.19 cells were used to observe the effects of leptin on cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results confirmed that treatment of hFOB 1.19 cells with leptin significantly induced cell proliferation. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of caveolin‑1 and the activation of Akt in the cells treated with leptin were significantly increased, compared with the control cells. Additionally, inhibiting Akt activation eliminated the effects on cell proliferation induced by leptin. The rates of cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined using flow cytometry, which revealed a decrease in the apoptotic rate and an increase in the proportion of cells in the S phase. This indicated that leptin was capable of inducing cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell progression to the S phase. Transfection of the cells with caveolin‑1 small interfering RNA showed that the activation of Akt induced by leptin was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, caveolin‑1 knockdown and inhibiting Akt activation eliminated the increased proliferation, increased proportion of cells in the S phase and increased anti‑apoptotic effects induced by leptin. Taken together, the data obtained in the present study demonstrated that caveolin‑1 was critical in the proliferative effect of leptin on osteoblasts via the activation of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xuecheng Cao
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Cai
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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150
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Flaherty K, Singh N, Richtsmeier JT. Understanding craniosynostosis as a growth disorder. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:429-59. [PMID: 27002187 PMCID: PMC4911263 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a condition of complex etiology that always involves the premature fusion of one or multiple cranial sutures and includes various anomalies of the soft and hard tissues of the head. Steady progress in the field has resulted in identifying gene mutations that recurrently cause craniosynostosis. There are now scores of mutations on many genes causally related to craniosynostosis syndromes, though the genetic basis for the majority of nonsyndromic cases is unknown. Identification of these genetic mutations has allowed significant progress in understanding the intrinsic properties of cranial sutures, including mechanisms responsible for normal suture patency and for pathogenesis of premature suture closure. An understanding of morphogenesis of cranial vault sutures is critical to understanding the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis conditions, but the field is now poised to recognize the repeated changes in additional skeletal and soft tissues of the head that typically accompany premature suture closure. We review the research that has brought an understanding of premature suture closure within our reach. We then enumerate the less well-studied, but equally challenging, nonsutural phenotypes of craniosynostosis conditions that are well characterized in available mouse models. We consider craniosynostosis as a complex growth disorder of multiple tissues of the developing head, whose growth is also targeted by identified mutations in ways that are poorly understood. Knowledge gained from studies of humans and mouse models for these conditions underscores the diverse, associated developmental anomalies of the head that contribute to the complex phenotypes of craniosynostosis conditions presenting novel challenges for future research. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:429-459. doi: 10.1002/wdev.227 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Flaherty
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802
| | - Nandini Singh
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802
| | - Joan T. Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802
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