101
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Statin use, HMGCR expression, and breast cancer survival - The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:558. [PMID: 31953433 PMCID: PMC6969108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia, have also been proposed as anti-cancer agents. The identification of a predictive marker is essential. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR), which is inhibited by statins, might serve as such a marker. Thorough antibody validation was performed for four different HMGCR antibodies. Tumor expression of HMGCR (#AMAb90619, CL0260, Atlas Antibodies, Stockholm, Sweden) was evaluated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study breast cancer cohort. Statin use and cause of death data were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and Swedish Death Registry, respectively. Breast cancer-specific mortality (BCM) according to statin use and HMGCR expression were analyzed using Cox regression models. Three-hundred-twelve of 910 breast cancer patients were prescribed statins; 74 patients before and 238 after their breast cancer diagnosis. HMGCR expression was assessable for 656 patients; 119 showed negative, 354 weak, and 184 moderate/strong expressions. HMGCR moderate/strong expression was associated with prognostically adverse tumor characteristics as higher histological grade, high Ki67, and ER negativity. HMGCR expression was not associated with BCM. Neither was statin use associated with BCM in our study. Among breast cancer patients on statins, no or weak HMGCR expression predicted favorable clinical outcome. These suggested associations need further testing in larger cohorts.
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102
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Klæstad E, Opdahl S, Engstrøm MJ, Ytterhus B, Wik E, Bofin AM, Valla M. MRPS23 amplification and gene expression in breast cancer; association with proliferation and the non-basal subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:73-86. [PMID: 31950385 PMCID: PMC7031208 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MRPS23 is recognized as a driver of proliferation in luminal breast cancer. The aims of the present study were to describe MRPS23 copy number change in breast cancer, and to assess associations between MRPS23 copy number change and molecular subtype, proliferation and prognosis, and between MRPS23 gene expression and molecular subtype and prognosis. METHODS Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined MRPS23 and centromere 17 copy number in 590 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumours and 144 corresponding lymph node metastases from a cohort of Norwegian breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we analysed MRPS23 gene expression data in 1971 primary breast cancer tumours from the METABRIC dataset. We used Pearson's χ2 test to assess associations between MRPS23 copy number and molecular subtype and proliferation, and between MRPS23 expression and molecular subtype. We studied prognosis by estimating hazard ratios and cumulative incidence of death from breast cancer according to MRPS23 copy number and MRPS23 expression status. RESULTS We found MRPS23 amplification (mean MRPS23 copy number ≥ 6 and/or MRPS23/chromosome 17 ratio ≥ 2) in 8% of primary tumours. Copy number increase associated with non-basal subtypes and higher tumour cell proliferation (Ki67). Higher MRPS23 expression associated with the Luminal B subtype. We found no significant association between MRPS23 amplification or MRSP23 gene expression, and prognosis. CONCLUSION Amplification of MRPS23 is associated with higher proliferation and non-basal subtypes in breast cancer. High MRPS23 expression is associated with the Luminal B subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Klæstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Jernberg Engstrøm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Borgny Ytterhus
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Mary Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Valla
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
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103
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Hayes DF, Rae JM. Pharmacogenomics and Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019; 38:525-528. [PMID: 31880969 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James M Rae
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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104
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Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in metastatic breast cancer is not an independent predictor of survival, but depends on other variables. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16979. [PMID: 31740715 PMCID: PMC6861311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has been previously evaluated in early and metastatic mixed breast cancer cohorts or without considering other relevant prognostic factors. Our aim was to determine whether NLR prognostic and predictive value in MBC was dependent on other clinical variables. We studied a consecutive retrospective cohort of patients with MBC from a single centre, with any type of first line systemic treatment. The association of NLR at diagnosis of metastasis with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazard models. In the full cohort, that included 263 MBC patients, a higher than the median (>2.32) NLR was significantly associated with OS in the univariate analysis (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.00–1.83), but the association was non-significant (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80–1.56) when other clinical covariates (performance status, stage at diagnosis, CNS involvement, visceral disease and visceral crisis) were included in the multivariate analysis. No significant association was observed for PFS. In conclusion, MBC patients with higher baseline NLR had worse overall survival, but the prognostic impact of NLR is likely derived from its association with other relevant clinical prognostic factors.
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105
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Tuna M, Liu W, Amos CI, Mills GB. Genome-Wide Profiling of Acquired Uniparental Disomy Reveals Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1102-1109. [PMID: 31734631 PMCID: PMC6889229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) leads to homozygosity facilitating identification of monoallelically expressed genes. We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based genotyping data of 448 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to determine the frequency and distribution of aUPD regions and their association with survival, as well as to gain a better understanding of their influence on the tumor genome. We used expression data from the same dataset to identify differentially expressed genes between groups with and without aUPD. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed for survival analysis. We found that 82.14% of HNSCC samples carried aUPD; the most common regions were in chromosome 17p (31.25%), 9p (30.13%), and 9q (27.46%). In univariate analysis, five independent aUPD regions at chromosome 9p, two regions at chromosome 9q, and the CDKN2A region were associated with poor overall survival in all groups, including training and test sets and human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative samples. Forty-three genes in areas of aUPD including PD-L1 and CDKN2A were differentially expressed in samples with aUPD compared to samples without aUPD. In multivariable analysis, aUPD at the CDKN2A region was a significant predictor of overall survival in the whole cohort and in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. aUPD at specific regions in the genome influences clinical outcomes of HNSCC and may be beneficial for selection of personalized therapy to prolong survival in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Precision Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
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106
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Hamester F, Legler K, Wichert B, Kelle N, Eylmann K, Rossberg M, Ding Y, Kürti S, Schmalfeldt B, Milde-Langosch K, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Prognostic relevance of the Golgi mannosidase MAN1A1 in ovarian cancer: impact of N-glycosylation on tumour cell aggregation. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:944-953. [PMID: 31659304 PMCID: PMC6889143 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maturation of complex N-glycans involves the action of Golgi mannosidases and plays a major role in cancer progression. We recently showed a favourable prognostic role of α-mannosidase MAN1A1 in breast cancer mainly caused by alteration of certain adhesion molecules. Methods We analysed the protein expression of MAN1A1 in ovarian cancer (n = 204) using western blot and studied the impact of MAN1A1 itself and of MAN1A1-related glycosylation on the prognostic relevance of two adhesion molecules. Functional consequences of mannosidase inhibition using kifunensine and MAN1A1 knock out were investigated in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Results Patients with high MAN1A1 expression in tumours showed significantly shorter RFS than those with low-MAN1A1 levels. Moreover, high MAN1A1 expression correlated significantly with advanced stage, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Further, the glycosylated adhesion molecule ALCAM reveals a significant adverse prognostic effect only in the presence of high MAN1A1 expression. In spheroid-formation assays, mannosidase inhibition and especially MAN1A1 knock out led to strong reduction of tumour cell aggregation. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the unfavourable prognostic role of MAN1A1 in ovarian cancer, probably caused by an altered ability of spheroid formation, and the strong influence of this glycosylation enzyme on the prognostic impact of ALCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Hamester
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Karen Legler
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Beatrice Wichert
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Nicole Kelle
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eylmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Maila Rossberg
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Sascha Kürti
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
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107
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Shi FT, Chen LD, Zhang LF. Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Digestive System Malignancies: A Meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:694-701. [PMID: 31612385 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) has been reported to be highly expressed in many kinds of cancers. This meta-analysis summarized its potential prognostic value in digestive system malignancies. A meta-analysis was performed through a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for suitable articles on the prognostic impact of UCA1 in digestive system malignancies from inception to June 27, 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to summarize the effect. Sixteen studies were included in the study, with a total of 1504 patients. A significant association was observed between UCA1 abundance and poor overall survival (OS), and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with digestive system malignancies, with pooled HR of 2.07 (95%CI: 1.74-2.47), and of 2.50 (95%CI: 1.62-3.86). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis suggested the reliability of our findings. It is suggested that UCA1 abundance may serve as a reliable predictive factor for poor prognosis in patients with digestive system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Tao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Li-Dong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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108
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Yip SH, Fujiwara N, Burke J, Shetler A, Peralta C, Qian T, Hoshida H, Zhu S, Hoshida Y. MPIC: Molecular Prognostic Indicators in Cirrhosis Database for Clinical Context-Specific in Silico Prognostic Biomarker Validation. Front Genet 2019; 10:830. [PMID: 31620162 PMCID: PMC6759478 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic biomarkers are vital in the management of progressive chronic diseases such as liver cirrhosis, affecting 1-2% of the global population and causing over 1 million deaths every year. Despite numerous candidate biomarkers in literature, the costly and lengthy process of validation hampers their clinical translation. Existing omics databases are not suitable for in silico validation due to the ignorance of critical factors, i.e., study design, clinical context of biomarker application, and statistical power. To address the unmet need, we have developed the Molecular Prognostic Indicators in Cirrhosis (MPIC) database as a representative example of an omics database tailored for prognostic biomarker validation. MPIC consists of (i) a molecular and clinical database structured by defined disease context and specific clinical outcome and annotated with employed study design and anticipated statistical power by disease domain experts, (ii) a bioinformatics analysis engine for user-provided gene-signature- or gene-based prognostic prediction, and (iii) a user interface for interactive exploration of relevant clinical cohort/scenario and assessment of significance and reliability of the result for prognostic prediction. MPIC assists cost-effective prognostic biomarker development by facilitating the process of validation, and will transform the care of chronic diseases such as cirrhosis. MPIC is freely available at www.mpic-app.org. The website is implemented in Java, Apache, and MySQL with all major browsers supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun H Yip
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jason Burke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anand Shetler
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Celina Peralta
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tongqi Qian
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hiroki Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shijia Zhu
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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109
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Quantitative expression of MMPs 2, 9, 14, and collagen IV in LCIS and paired normal breast tissue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13432. [PMID: 31530842 PMCID: PMC6748975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have the ability to degrade collagen IV, a main component of the breast lobular basement membrane. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated expression of MMPs 2, 9, and 14 and collagen IV in LCIS and adjacent normal breast tissue among LCIS patients without invasive breast cancer to determine whether expression differed between benign and preinvasive breast epithelial tissue. A total of 64 LCIS patients, diagnosed 2004–2014, were included; 44 had sufficient paired normal tissue for analysis. Marker epithelial expression was measured using immunofluorescence and quantified using the H score (MMPs) or pixel intensity (collagen IV). Associations were evaluated using the Spearman correlation or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In LCIS and normal tissue, there was a strong correlation between MMP2 and MMP14 expression (LCIS r = 0.69, normal r = 0.81, both P < 0.01). Other pairwise correlations were moderate to weak (range: LCIS r = 0.32–0.47, normal r = 0.19–0.32). For all markers, expression was lower in LCIS vs. normal tissue (all P ≤ 0.05). In sum, collagenase MMPs were expressed in normal breast and LCIS lesions of LCIS patients. However, expression was not higher in LCIS compared with normal tissue, suggesting collagenase MMP expression does not increase as breast tissue gains a more proliferative phenotype.
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110
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Pinard C, Debled M, Ben Rejeb H, Velasco V, Tunon de Lara C, Hoppe S, Richard E, Brouste V, Bonnefoi H, MacGrogan G. Residual cancer burden index and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes in triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:11-23. [PMID: 31529299 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need to refine the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to study the influence of the tumor microenvironment. We evaluated the prognostic value of pathological and immune markers in TNBC with residual disease (RD) after NAC. METHODS In a series of 186 TNBC patients treated by NAC, we assessed the prognostic value of the Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) index. In 109 patients with RD, we studied the impact of clinicopathological features and tumor immune response in the residual tumor on overall survival (OS) and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI). RESULTS In the whole group, the OS and DRFI, at 3 years, were statistically different between the different classes of RCB (P = 0.0004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In univariate analysis of the RD group, low RCB index and high ratios of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD3 + TILs, CD4 + TILs, CD8 + TILs, and IDO1-positive cells were significant favorable prognostic factors for DRFI at 3 years. In the final multivariate model, CD4 + TILs and RCB index showed a statistically independent prognostic significance for DRFI [Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.88 (95%CI 1.34-6.17), P = 0.007 and HR 12.04 (95%CI 2.78-52.23, P < 0.0001), respectively]. The CD4 + TIL levels influenced survival in the different RCB classes with a significant effect observed in RCB-II and RCB-III classes (P = 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the combination of pathological (RCB index) and tumor micro-environmental features (CD4 + TILs) help refining the prognosis of TNBC patients with RD following NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Pinard
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 229 Cours de l'Argonne CS61283-33076, 33000, Bordeaux, Cedex, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Debled
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Houda Ben Rejeb
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 229 Cours de l'Argonne CS61283-33076, 33000, Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Velasco
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 229 Cours de l'Argonne CS61283-33076, 33000, Bordeaux, Cedex, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Hoppe
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Information, Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Véronique Brouste
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Information, Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hervé Bonnefoi
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1218, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaëtan MacGrogan
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 229 Cours de l'Argonne CS61283-33076, 33000, Bordeaux, Cedex, France. .,INSERM U1218, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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111
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Lazaridis G, Kotoula V, Vrettou E, Kostopoulos I, Manousou K, Papadopoulou K, Giannoulatou E, Bobos M, Sotiropoulou M, Pentheroudakis G, Efstratiou I, Papoudou-Bai A, Psyrri A, Christodoulou C, Gogas H, Koutras A, Timotheadou E, Pectasides D, Zagouri F, Fountzilas G. Opposite Prognostic Impact of Single PTEN-loss and PIK3CA Mutations in Early High-risk Breast Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:195-206. [PMID: 31018950 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM PTEN-loss and PIK3CA mutations have been addressed as markers of PI3K activation in breast cancer. We evaluated these markers in early high-risk breast cancer (EBC) focusing on PTEN immunohistochemistry (IHC) issues, particularly in HER2-positive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined PTEN-loss and PIK3CA mutations in 1265 EBC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy within two clinical trials. Two different methods for the evaluation of PTEN IHC were used, one upfront binary (loss; no-loss) and the other initially multi-scale allowing for the classification of "grey zone" tumors with low and very low PTEN protein expression. RESULTS PTEN-loss (33.4% and 22.1%, depending on the IHC method) and PIK3CA mutations (29.6%) were associated with ER/PgR/HER2-negative and ER/PgR-positive disease, respectively. Concordance of the two IHC methods was moderate (Cohen's kappa 0.624). PTEN-loss discrepancy and intra-tumor heterogeneity concerned "grey zone" tumors that were prevalent among HER2-positive cancers. PTEN-loss independently conferred higher risk for relapse and death. Compared to single PIK3CA mutations,single PTEN-loss was independently associated with increased risk for relapse and death. Depending on the evaluation method, in HER2-positive cancer, PTEN-loss was without- or of marginal unfavorable prognostic significance. CONCLUSION In EBC, PTEN-loss is an independent predictor of poor outcome. When occurring singly, PTEN-loss and PIK3CA mutations have opposite prognostic impact. In HER2-positive disease, assessment of PTEN-loss by IHC appears unreliable and the marker is without clear prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Lazaridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vrettou
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Manousou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Efstratiou
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Amanda Psyrri
- Division of Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Timotheadou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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112
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Ercetin E, Richtmann S, Delgado BM, Gomez-Mariano G, Wrenger S, Korenbaum E, Liu B, DeLuca D, Kühnel MP, Jonigk D, Yuskaeva K, Warth A, Muley T, Winter H, Meister M, Welte T, Janciauskiene S, Schneider MA. Clinical Significance of SERPINA1 Gene and Its Encoded Alpha1-antitrypsin Protein in NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091306. [PMID: 31487965 PMCID: PMC6770941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of SERPINA1 gene encoding acute phase protein, alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), is associated with various tumors. We sought to examine the significance of SERPINA1 and AAT protein in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines. Tumor and adjacent non-tumor lung tissues and serum samples from 351 NSCLC patients were analyzed for SERPINA1 expression and AAT protein levels. We also studied the impact of SERPINA1 expression and AAT protein on H1975 and H661 cell behavior, in vitro. Lower SERPINA1 expression in tumor but higher in adjacent non-tumor lung tissues (n = 351, p = 0.016) as well as higher serum levels of AAT protein (n = 170, p = 0.033) were associated with worse survival rates. Specifically, in NSCLC stage III patients, higher blood AAT levels (>2.66 mg/mL) correlated with a poor survival (p = 0.002). Intriguingly, levels of serum AAT do not correlate with levels of C-reactive protein, neutrophils-to-leukocyte ratio, and do not correlate with SERPINA1 expression or AAT staining in the tumor tissue. Additional experiments in vitro revealed that external AAT and/or overexpressed SERPINA1 gene significantly improve cancer cell migration, colony formation and resistance to apoptosis. SERPINA1 gene and AAT protein play an active role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and not just reflect inflammatory reaction related to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Ercetin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Martinez Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics. Institute of Health Carlos III. Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Gema Gomez-Mariano
- Department of Molecular Genetics. Institute of Health Carlos III. Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elena Korenbaum
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - David DeLuca
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kadriya Yuskaeva
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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113
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Low infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in high c-Myb-expressing breast tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11634. [PMID: 31406165 PMCID: PMC6690941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are prominent components of tumor stroma that promotes tumorigenesis. Many soluble factors participate in the deleterious cross-talk between TAMs and transformed cells; however mechanisms how tumors orchestrate their production remain relatively unexplored. c-Myb is a transcription factor recently described as a negative regulator of a specific immune signature involved in breast cancer (BC) metastasis. Here we studied whether c-Myb expression is associated with an increased presence of TAMs in human breast tumors. Tumors with high frequency of c-Myb-positive cells have lower density of CD68-positive macrophages. The negative association is reflected by inverse correlation between MYB and CD68/CD163 markers at the mRNA levels in evaluated cohorts of BC patients from public databases, which was found also within the molecular subtypes. In addition, we identified potential MYB-regulated TAMs recruiting factors that in combination with MYB and CD163 provided a valuable clinical multigene predictor for BC relapse. We propose that identified transcription program running in tumor cells with high MYB expression and preventing macrophage accumulation may open new venues towards TAMs targeting and BC therapy.
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114
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Liu ZB, Ezzedine NE, Eterovic AK, Ensor JE, Huang HJ, Albanell J, Choi DS, Lluch A, Liu Y, Rojo F, Wong H, Martínez-Dueñas E, Guerrero-Zotano Á, Shao ZM, Darcourt JG, Mills GB, Dave B, Chang JC. Detection of breast cancer stem cell gene mutations in circulating free DNA during the evolution of metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:251-261. [PMID: 31388936 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited knowledge exists on the detection of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-related mutations in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with advanced cancers. Identification of new cancer biomarkers may allow for earlier detection of disease progression and treatment strategy modifications. METHODS We conducted a prospective study to determine the feasibility and prognostic utility of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR)-based BCSC gene mutation analysis of cfDNA in patients with breast cancer. RESULTS Detection of quantitative BCSC gene mutation in cfDNA by ddPCR mirrors disease progression and thus may represent a valuable and cost-effective measure of tumor burden. We have previously shown that hematological and neurological expressed 1-like (HN1L), ribosomal protein L39 (RPL39), and myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2) are novel targets for BCSC self-renewal, and targeting these genetic alterations could be useful for personalized genomic-based therapy. CONCLUSION BCSC mutation detection in cfDNA may have important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and serial monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Bin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, China
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nader E Ezzedine
- Department of Systems Biology and Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agda K Eterovic
- Department of Systems Biology and Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joe E Ensor
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Helen J Huang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joan Albanell
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dong S Choi
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ana Lluch
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Federico Rojo
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen Wong
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Dueñas
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Provincial de Castellón, 12002, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ángel Guerrero-Zotano
- GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group), San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jorge G Darcourt
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology and Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Dave
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, 6445 Main St P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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115
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Sereff SB, Daniels MW, Wittliff JL. Relationships of protein biomarkers of the urokinase plasminogen activator system with expression of their cognate genes in primary breast carcinomas. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22982. [PMID: 31359505 PMCID: PMC6868412 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background uPA, its receptor uPAR, and inhibitors PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 play key roles in membrane remodeling/invasion and in predicting response to chemotherapy. We identified novel relationships of these biomarkers with ER/PR that indicate clinical utility for assessing breast carcinoma outcomes. Methods Retrospective studies were performed with de‐identified results of (a) uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1; (b) estrogen (ER) and progestin receptor (PR); and (c) clinical outcomes. Relative expression of 22 000 genes from microarray of RNA from LCM‐procured breast cancer cells was used with R Studio version 3.4.1. Results Primary ER/PR status was related to uPA, uPAR, or PAI‐1 levels. ER− or PR− cancers expressed elevated uPA, uPAR, and PAI2 mRNA compared to ER+ or PR+ cells. Inverse relationships between ER/PR protein and expression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐2 were observed, whereas HER2 status was unrelated. qPCR analyses showed RERG and NQO‐1 expressions were elevated in uPA− lesions, while CD34 and EDG‐1 were elevated in uPAR− cancers. ERBB4 was overexpressed in PAI‐1+ carcinomas. Cox regression analyses revealed relationships of ER/PR status and uPA system members with regard to clinical outcomes of breast cancer. Conclusions uPA, uPAR, PAI1, or PAI2 expression was increased in either ER− or PR− cancers similar to that of protein content in ER−/PR− carcinomas, suggesting sex hormones regulate the uPA system in breast cancer. Results revealed protein content of uPA system members was related to ER/PR status of primary lesions. Use of LCM‐procured carcinoma cells uncovered relationships between expression of known cancer−associated genes and protein content of uPA system members. Collectively, results indicate evaluation of ER and PR protein of primary breast cancers combined with analyses of uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1 protein content improves assessment of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth B Sereff
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Molecular Diversity & Drug Design, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael W Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado at Aurora, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James L Wittliff
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Molecular Diversity & Drug Design, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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116
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Pirozzolo G, Gisbertz SS, Castoro C, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Scarpa M. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic marker in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3136-3145. [PMID: 31463142 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A high preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown in several studies as a predictor of worse survival in many solid neoplasms, including esophageal cancer, but its impact remains unclear. The goal of this systematic review was to gain all the evidence about NLR in order to analyse its potential in predicting survival in esophageal cancer. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search of all relevant studies reporting data on NLR as prognostic marker in esophageal cancer patients. We considered overall survival (OS) as primary outcome, disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as secondary outcomes. We included studies with a directly or indirectly available hazard ratio (HR), furthermore we used both fixed effect model and random effect model depending on heterogeneity. We included a total of 20 studies, published between 2011 and 2017, consisting of 6,457 patients. The NLR cut-off value ranges from 1.7 to 5. The HR for OS of all included studies was 1.60. The HR for DFS and PFS was 1.75 and 1.66 respectively. The survival sub-analysis about tumor characteristics, treatment modality, blood sample timing also confirmed NLR prognostic relevance with statistically significant results. The meta-analysis showed that high preoperative NLR is associated with worse survival in esophageal cancer, as shown in several solid tumors, but its use in the clinical practice is still underestimated. High-quality studies are needed to assess the most effective cut-off in survival prognostication and NLR relevance on postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne S Gisbertz
- General Surgery Department, AMC-Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Esophago-gastric Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Department, Padua Hospital, Padua, Italy
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117
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Expression and Clinical Relevance of SOX9 in Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8267021. [PMID: 31275454 PMCID: PMC6589301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8267021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent tumours and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The investigation of new biomarkers that can predict patient outcome more accurately and allow better treatment and follow-up decisions is of crucial importance. SOX9 (sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9) is a regulator of cell fate decisions in embryogenesis and adulthood. Here, we sought to ascertain the relevance of SOX9 transcription factor as a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. SOX9 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 333 gastric adenocarcinoma cases, and its association with clinicopathological and follow-up data was evaluated. SOX9 nuclear expression was absent in 17% of gastric cancer cases and predicted worse disease-free survival (P = 0.03). SOX9 expression was associated with lower risk of relapse in Cox univariable analysis (HR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35-0.97; P = 0.04). The prognostic value of SOX9 was more pronounced in tumours with expansive growth (P = 0.01) or with venous invasion (P = 0.02). Two validation cohorts from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) confirmed that low SOX9 expression was significantly associated with poor patient outcome. In conclusion, we have identified SOX9 as a biomarker of disease relapse in gastric cancer patients. Further experiments are needed to elucidate its biological relevance at the cellular level.
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118
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Yang SX, Polley EC. Systemic treatment and radiotherapy, breast cancer subtypes, and survival after long-term clinical follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:287-295. [PMID: 30746635 PMCID: PMC6533413 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether breast cancer subtypes are associated with clinical outcome in patients without any treatment including systemic and radiation therapy as an independent entity. Understanding the survival profiles among subtypes by treatment status could impact optimal selection of treatments. METHODS Patients were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from the community hospitals across four geographical regions of the United States. Expression of hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 in tumor specimens from 1169 patients was centrally determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ; breast cancer was classified into HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, triple-negative, and HER2+ subtypes. Overall survival (OS) at a median follow-up of about 15 years among subtypes in untreated patients and those with systemic treatments and radiotherapy was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable analysis adjusting for age, tumor size and grade, number of positive nodes, stage and breast cancer subtypes. RESULTS Without treatment, breast cancer subtypes were not associated with OS (P = 0.983) and remained insignificant for prognosis by multivariable analysis after adjusting for confounders. This contrasted with a significant survival difference across the subtypes in patients with conventional therapies (P < 0.0001). Compared with HR+/HER2- subtype, triple-negative subtype (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.11-2.04; P = 0.009) and HER2+ subtype (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.48-3.28; P = 0.0001) were significantly associated with worse survival by multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION Breast cancer subtypes are not associated with survival in untreated patient population and, in contrast, significantly associated with prognosis in patients with conventional therapy. The data provide evidence of treatment-associated differential outcomes among breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry X Yang
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Eric C Polley
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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119
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Richtmann S, Wilkens D, Warth A, Lasitschka F, Winter H, Christopoulos P, Herth FJF, Muley T, Meister M, Schneider MA. FAM83A and FAM83B as Prognostic Biomarkers and Potential New Therapeutic Targets in NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E652. [PMID: 31083571 PMCID: PMC6562954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although targeted therapy has improved the survival rates in the last decade, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the most common cause of cancer-related death. The challenge of identifying new targets for further effective therapies still remains. The FAMily with sequence similarity 83 (FAM83) members have recently been described as novel oncogenes in numerous human cancer specimens and shown to be involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here, gene expression of FAM83A and B was analyzed in a cohort of 362 NSCLC patients using qPCR. We further investigated relations in expression and their prognostic value. Functional assays in NSCLC cell lines were performed to evaluate FAM83A and B involvement in proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and the EGFR pathway. We observed a highly increased gene expression level of FAM83A (ø = 68-fold) and FAM83B (ø = 20-fold) which resulted in poor survival prognosis (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002). Their expression was influenced by EGFR levels, pathway signaling, and mutation status. Both genes affected cell proliferation, and FAM83A depletion resulted in reduced migration and anchorage-independent growth. The results support the hypothesis that FAM83A and B have different functions in different histological subtypes of NSCLC and might be new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Wilkens
- Microbial Energy Conversion and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Song B, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wan C, Zhang L, Zhang W. NPAS2 regulates proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells via CDC25A-mediated cell cycle progression and apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8731-8741. [PMID: 30536616 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Promoted proliferation and associated suppression of apoptosis at various stages of myeloid differentiation are well-known features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but understanding of the molecular processes involved remains limited. As a crucial circadian agent, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is widely recognized as a promising predictor of clinical outcome in various malignancies. Nevertheless, the understanding of its influence on AML is insufficient. Using KD cells and expression assays, we carried out detailed investigation of the role of NPAS2 in AML in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, we found that NPAS2 expression was elevated in AML cells both in vivo and in vitro. NPAS2 knockdown via lentiviral infection clearly suppressed proliferation of MV4-11 and MOLM-14 cells. Additionally, NPAS2 knockdown caused G1/S cell cycle arrest (CCA), which inhibited CDC25A expression. Moreover, NPAS2 knockdown promoted cell death, as evidenced by increased caspase-3 cleavage, and change in Bcl2/Bax production. Excessive CDC25A expression eliminated G1/S CCA triggered by NPAS2 knockdown and death of NPAS2 knocked down MOLM and MV4-11 cells. The expression of CDC25A was stabilized by NPAS2, which induced cell cycle progression and participated in suppression of cell death by modulating caspase-3 cleavage, and expression of Bcl2/Bax. We therefore indicated NPAS2 to be a crucial modulator of survival as well as proliferation. Our research sheds light on the etiology of the proliferation of promyelocytes modulated via NPAS2 with regard to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chucheng Wan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, China
| | - Longjin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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121
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Recommendations for Tissue Microarray Construction and Quality Assurance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 28:325-330. [PMID: 31033496 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are important tools to conserve precious tissue resources from increasingly smaller biopsies and to control experimental costs and variation across sample sets. The quality assurance assessment of TMA materials created at centralized biobanks has not been standardized. Herein, we outline 2 processes for the construction of TMAs ("recipient block" and "tape" methods) and the associated preconstruction quality control measures (pathology review, protein and RNA assessment, map creation, and storage conditions) developed by the AIDS Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) Network's Science and Technology Core. These steps provide a suggested framework for quality assessment that allows end-users, receiving materials from tissue banks, confidence in their experimental results.
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu T, Tian W, Yang C, Wang X, Zhong S, Ran Q, Yang H, Zhu S. Clinical Value of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR as a Novel Biomarker in Digestive Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 17:1533034618756783. [PMID: 29444619 PMCID: PMC5818090 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618756783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA has been reported to serve as an important prognostic biomarker in several types of cancers. However, the clinical value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA in digestive cancers remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to investigate the clinical role of expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as a prognostic indicator in digestive cancers by a meta-analysis. Literature collection was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (up to October 7, 2017). A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted to assess the eligible articles on the prognostic value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA in digestive cancers. The pooled hazard ratios or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and clinical outcomes. A total of 1844 patients from 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results found a significant association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and poor overall survival in digestive cancers (pooled hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.86-2.57, P < .001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that tumor type, region, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and sample size did not alter the predictive value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as an independent factor for patients’ survival. In addition, we also revealed that the clinicopathological characteristics such as differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and distant metastasis were positively related to expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA digestive cancers. In conclusion, our results suggested high expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA was correlated with poor clinical outcomes and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- 3 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Xu
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Tian
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Yang
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Ran
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Imboden S, Nastic D, Ghaderi M, Rydberg F, Rau TT, Mueller MD, Epstein E, Carlson JW. Phenotype of POLE-mutated endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214318. [PMID: 30917185 PMCID: PMC6436745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Individualized therapy in endometrial cancer, the most common gynaecologic cancer in the developed world, focuses on identifying specific molecular subtypes. Mutations in the exonuclease domain of the DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene define one such subtype, which causes an ultra-mutated tumour phenotype. These tumours may have an improved progression-free survival and may be receptive to specific therapies. However, the clinical phenotype of these tumours is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and genetic features of POLE-mutated tumours from a large cohort of women whose cases are characterized by: (1) the availability of detailed clinical and lifestyle data; (2) mutation analysis; and (3) long-term follow-up. Methods A total of 604 patients with endometrial cancer were included in the study. Data from a detailed questionnaire, including lifestyle and family history information, provided extensive pertinent information on the patients. Sequencing of exons 9–14 of the POLE gene was performed. Follow-up data were gathered and analysed. Results Hotspot pathogenic POLE mutations were identified in N = 38/599 patients (6.3%). Patients with a POLE-mutated tumour were significantly younger, were more often nulliparous, and had a history of smoking. POLE-mutated tumours were more frequently aneuploid. Prognosis for patients with hotspot POLE-mutated tumours was significantly better in comparison with patients with non-mutated tumours; however careful selection of pathogenic mutations is essential to the definition of this prognostically favourable group. Conclusions This study demonstrates that POLE-mutated endometrial cancer is significantly associated with previously unknown clinicopathologic characteristics. Outcome in POLE-mutated tumours was excellent in cases with hotspot mutations. Our results suggest that prediction of excellent outcome in cases of POLE-mutated EMCA should be restricted to cases of EMCA with hotspot mutations until further data are available on the rising number of mutations with unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Imboden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Nastic
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippa Rydberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilman T. Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Epstein
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph W. Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Strong CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in combination with expression of HLA class I is associated with better tumor control in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:605-615. [PMID: 30868392 PMCID: PMC6534526 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with pathological complete response (pCR) and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with early breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic and predictive role of TILs, macrophages, and HLA class 1 expression after NAC with or without the potentially immune modulating compound zoledronic acid (ZA). Methods Baseline tumor biopsies from 196 patients in the NEOZOTAC trial were analyzed for CD8 (cytotoxic T-cells), FoxP3 (regulatory T-cells), CD68 (macrophages), and HLA class I (HCA2/HC10) expression by immunohistochemistry and subsequently related to pCR and disease-free survival (DFS). Results A strong intratumoral CD8+ infiltration or expression of HLA class 1 by cancer cells was associated with a higher pCR rate (p < 0.05). Clinical benefit of high CD8+ T-cell infiltration was found when cancer cells expressed HLA class 1 (pCR: 21.8% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.04) but not when HLA class 1 expression was lost or downregulated (pCR: 5.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.38). Interaction analyses revealed survival benefit between HLA class 1 expression and strong CD8+ T-cell infiltration, whereas in the absence or downregulation of HLA class 1 expression, high levels of CD8+ T-cells were associated with survival disadvantage (p for interaction 0.01; hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.15–1.10, p = 0.08 and hazard ratio 7.67, 95% CI 0.88–66.4, p = 0.07, respectively). Baseline immune markers were not related to ZA treatment. Conclusions Strong baseline tumor infiltration with CD8+ T-cells in the presence of tumoral HLA class 1 expression in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer is related to a higher pCR rate and a better DFS after NAC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05195-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rothé F, Silva MJ, Venet D, Campbell C, Bradburry I, Rouas G, de Azambuja E, Maetens M, Fumagalli D, Rodrik-Outmezguine V, Di Cosimo S, Rosa D, Chia S, Wardley A, Ueno T, Janni W, Huober J, Baselga J, Piccart M, Loi S, Sotiriou C, Dawson SJ, Ignatiadis M. Circulating Tumor DNA in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer: A Translational Research Substudy of the NeoALTTO Phase III Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3581-3588. [PMID: 30862692 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) setting, dual HER2-targeted therapy is associated with increased pathologic complete response (pCR) rates compared with each therapy alone. Biomarkers allowing to predict treatment response during NAT are needed. We aim to evaluate whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is associated with response to anti-HER2-targeted therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma DNA collected before NAT, at week 2, and before surgery from patients enrolled in the NeoALTTO trial was assessed using digital PCR for PIK3CA and TP53 mutation detection. RESULTS A total of 69 of 455 (15.2%) patients had a PIK3CA and/or TP53 mutation detected in the baseline tumor sample and evaluable ctDNA results from baseline samples. CtDNA was detected in 41%, 20%, and 5% patients before NAT, at week 2, and before surgery, respectively. ctDNA detection before NAT was significantly associated with older age and ER-negative status. ctDNA detection before NAT was associated with decreased odds of achieving pCR (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.034-0.7; P = 0.0089), but not with event-free survival (EFS). Analyses for EFS were underpowered. Interestingly, the patients with HER2-enriched subtype tumors and undetectable ctDNA at baseline had the highest pCR rates. In contrast, patients with persistent ctDNA detection at baseline and week 2 had the lowest rate of pCR. CONCLUSIONS ctDNA detection before neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapies is associated with decreased pCR rates. Interestingly, patients with HER2-enriched tumors and undetectable ctDNA at baseline had the highest pCR rates, therefore appearing as the best candidates for treatment deescalation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Rothé
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U-CRC, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - David Venet
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U-CRC, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Ian Bradburry
- Frontier Science (Scotland) Ltd, Kingussie, United Kingdom
| | - Ghizlane Rouas
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U-CRC, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U-CRC, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Rosa
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stephen Chia
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Wardley
- The NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jose Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martine Piccart
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U-CRC, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Prochazka KT, Pregartner G, Rücker FG, Heitzer E, Pabst G, Wölfler A, Zebisch A, Berghold A, Döhner K, Sill H. Clinical implications of subclonal TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 104:516-523. [PMID: 30309854 PMCID: PMC6395341 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of subclonal TP53 mutations, defined by a variant allele frequency of <20%, has not been addressed in acute myeloid leukemia yet. We, therefore, analyzed their prognostic value in a cohort of 1,537 patients with newly diagnosed disease, prospectively treated within three trials of the "German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group". Mutational analysis was performed by targeted deep sequencing and patients with TP53 mutations were categorized by their variant allele frequency into groups with frequencies >40%, 20%-40% and <20%. A total of 108 TP53 mutations were found in 98 patients (6.4%). Among these, 61 patients had variant allele frequencies >40%, 19 had variant allele frequencies between 20%-40% and 18 had frequencies <20%. Compared to specimens with clonal TP53 mutations, those with subclonal ones showed significantly fewer complex karyotypes and chromosomal losses. In either TP53-mutated group, patients experienced significantly fewer complete responses (P<0.001) and had worse overall and event-free survival rates (P<0.0001). In Cox regression analyses adjusting for age, white blood cell count, cytogenetic risk and type of acute myeloid leukemia, the adverse prognostic effect of TP53 mutations remained significant for all TP53-mutated subgroups. These data suggest that subclonal TP53 mutations are a novel prognostic parameter in acute myeloid leukemia and emphasize the usefulness of next-generation sequencing technologies for risk stratification in this disorder. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT00146120.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Frank G Rücker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Pabst
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Wichert B, Milde-Langosch K, Galatenko V, Schmalfeldt B, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Prognostic role of the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in ovarian cancer. Glycobiology 2019; 28:898-903. [PMID: 30016515 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation of glycoproteins has been detected in many tumors, and upregulation of the beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) has been implicated with tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance in experimental models. In our present study, we aimed to study the prognostic or predictive role of ST6GAL1 in ovarian carcinoma, using two independent ovarian cancer cohorts. ST6GAL1 mRNA levels were retrieved from a publicly available database (n = 517), and ST6GAL1 protein levels were analyzed by western blot analysis in a cohort of 204 ovarian tumor samples. The results were correlated with clinical and histological tumor parameters and follow-up information. High ST6GAL1 mRNA levels significantly correlated with lymphovascular invasion and shorter survival, whereas high ST6GAL1 protein expression was associated with advanced stage, distant metastasis and shorter recurrence-free intervals. In both cohorts the prognostic role was most pronounced in tumors without macroscopically visible residual tumor after surgery. In these cases, ST6GAL1 expression levels might help to identify cases with a higher risk of chemoresistance and metastatic relapse that might require an adapted therapeutic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Wichert
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Galatenko
- Deparment of Mathematical Analysis, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia.,Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Association between mammographic density and tumor marker-defined breast cancer subtypes: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 27:239-247. [PMID: 28957821 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High mammographic density (MD) is the most important risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between MD and breast cancer subtypes defined by tumor markers. We enrolled 642 women with breast cancer (69% premenopausal) and 1241 controls matched for age and menopausal status. Absolute mammographic dense area (ADA), percent mammographic dense area (PDA), and nondense area were assessed using a computer-assisted thresholding technique. We classified breast cancer cases into four subtypes using information on tumor marker expression such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Cerb2 receptor (HER2); luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), HER2-overexpressing (ER-, PR-, and HER2+), and triple-negative (ER-, PR-, and HER2-). Analysis was carried out using a conditional logistic regression model with adjustment for covariates. ADA and PDA were associated positively with the risk of breast cancer overall. Both ADA and PDA tended to have a positive association with breast cancer with any ER, any PR, or HER2-, but not for HER2+. The risk of luminal A breast cancer increased significantly 1.11 times (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.23) for ADA and 1.12 times (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.24) for PDA, estimated per 1 SD of the age and BMI-adjusted MD. However, the risk of breast cancer with luminal B, HER2-overexpressing, and triple-negative subtypes did not differ (P>0.10). Differential associations between MD measures and breast cancer by tumor marker status or tumor marker-defined subtypes were not detected. These findings suggested that the association between MD and breast cancer subtype may be because of other causal pathways.
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Karhade AV, Thio QCBS, Kuverji M, Ogink PT, Ferrone ML, Schwab JH. Prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase in spinal metastatic disease. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:640-646. [PMID: 30792532 PMCID: PMC6461951 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determination of the appropriateness of invasive management in patients with spinal metastatic disease requires accurate pre-operative estimation of survival. The purpose of this study was to examine serum alkaline phosphatase as a prognostic marker in spinal metastatic disease. Methods Chart reviews from two tertiary care centres were used to identify spinal metastatic disease patients. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine if serum alkaline phosphatase was an independent prognostic marker for survival. Results Overall, 732 patients were included with 90-day and 1-year survival of n = 539 (74.9%) and n = 324 (45.7%), respectively. The 1-year survival of patients in the first quartile of alkaline phosphatase (≤73 IU/L) was 78 (57.8%) compared to 31 (24.0%) for patients in the fourth quartile (>140 IU/L). Preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple spine metastases, non-spine bone metastasis, and visceral metastasis but not in patients with brain metastasis. On multivariate analysis, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival in spinal metastatic disease. Conclusion Serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with preoperative metastatic tumour burden and is a biomarker for overall survival in spinal metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya V Karhade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quirina C B S Thio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megna Kuverji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul T Ogink
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco L Ferrone
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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The estrogen receptor coactivator AIB1 is a new putative prognostic biomarker in ER-positive/HER2-negative invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:305-316. [PMID: 30796653 PMCID: PMC6533234 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose According to the 2017 St Gallen surrogate definitions of the intrinsic subtypes, Ki67, progesterone receptor (PR) and Nottingham histological grade (NHG) are used for prognostic classification of estrogen receptor (ER) positive/HER2-negative breast cancer into luminal A- or luminal B-like. The aim of the present study was to investigate if additional biomarkers, related to endocrine signaling pathways, e.g., amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), androgen receptor (AR), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), can provide complementary prognostic information in a subset of ER-positive/HER-negative invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Methods Biomarkers from 224 patients were analyzed immunohistochemically on tissue microarray. The primary endpoint was breast cancer mortality (BCM), analyzed with 10- and 25-year follow-up (FU). In addition, the prognostic value of gene expression data for these biomarkers was analyzed in three publicly available ILC datasets. Results AIB1 (high vs. low) was associated to BCM in multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, tumor size, nodal status, NHG, Ki67, luminal-like classification, and adjuvant systemic therapy) with 10-year FU (HR 6.8, 95% CI 2.3–20, P = 0.001) and 25-year FU (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–7.8, P = 0.03). The evidence of a prognostic effect of AIB1 could be confirmed by linking gene expression data to outcome in independent publicly available ILC datasets. AR and GPER were neither associated to BCM with 10-year nor with 25-year FU (P > 0.33). Furthermore, Ki67 and NHG were prognostic for BCM at both 10-year and 25-year FU, whereas PR was not. Conclusions AIB1 is a new putative prognostic biomarker in ER-positive/HER2-negative ILC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05138-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rakaee M, Busund LTR, Jamaly S, Paulsen EE, Richardsen E, Andersen S, Al-Saad S, Bremnes RM, Donnem T, Kilvaer TK. Prognostic Value of Macrophage Phenotypes in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Assessed by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry. Neoplasia 2019; 21:282-293. [PMID: 30743162 PMCID: PMC6369140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important inflammatory cells that regulate innate and adaptive immunity in cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to differentiate into two main phenotypes: proinflammatory M1 and protumorigenic M2. Currently, the prognostic impact of TAMs and their M1 and M2 phenotypes is unclear in non–small cell cancer (NSCLC). The present study was set up to evaluate an approach for identifying common M1 and M2 macrophage markers and explore their clinical significance in NSCLC. Using multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry, tissue microarrays of 553 primary tumors and 143 paired metastatic lymph nodes of NSCLC specimens were stained to detect various putative macrophage phenotypes: M1 (HLA-DR/CD68), M2 (CD163/CD68), M2 (CD204/CD68), and pan-macrophage (CD68/CK). Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between TAMs and adaptive/innate immune infiltrates. HLA-DR+/CD68+M1 TAM level significantly decreased from pathological stage I to III. In a compartment-specific correlation analysis, moderate to strong correlations were observed between both TAM subsets (M1 and M2) with CD3-, CD8-, CD4-, and CD45RO-positive immune cells. Survival analyses, in both stromal and intratumoral compartments, revealed that high levels of HLA-DR+/CD68+M1 (stroma, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, P = .03; intratumor, HR = 0.7, P = .04), CD204+M2 (stroma, HR = 0.7, P = .02; intratumor, HR = 0.6, P = .004), and CD68 (stroma, HR = 0.69, P = .02; intratumor, HR = 0.73, P = .04) infiltration were independently associated with improved NSCLC-specific survival. In lymph nodes, the intratumoral level of HLA-DR+/CD68+M1 was an independent positive prognostic indicator (Cox model, HR = 0.38, P = .001). In conclusion, high levels of M1, CD204+M2, and CD68 macrophages are independent prognosticators of prolonged survival in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Simin Jamaly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Erna-Elise Paulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Samer Al-Saad
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Tom Donnem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
| | - Thomas K Kilvaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 9019.
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Darlix A, Hirtz C, Thezenas S, Maceski A, Gabelle A, Lopez-Crapez E, De Forges H, Firmin N, Guiu S, Jacot W, Lehmann S. The prognostic value of the Tau protein serum level in metastatic breast cancer patients and its correlation with brain metastases. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:110. [PMID: 30700265 PMCID: PMC6354387 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) prognosis is variable, depending on several clinical and biological factors. A better prediction of a patient’s outcome could allow for a more accurate choice of treatments. The role of serum biomarkers in predicting outcome remains unclear in this setting. Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, is a neuronal marker that is also expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and cancer cells. Its tissue expression is associated with prognosis in MBC. However, the prognostic value of Tau serum levels in these patients is unknown. We aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of Tau (and other classical biomarkers) in MBC patients, and to assess its association with the presence of brain metastases (BM). Methods 244 MBC patients treated at our institution (2007–2015) were retrospectively selected. The usual MBC clinical and pathological variables were collected, altogether with CA15–3, CEA and HER2 extra-cellular domain (ECD) serum levels. Tau serum levels were measured with a novel immunoassay (digital ELISA) using Single Molecule Array (Simoa) technology. Overall survival (OS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. To investigate prognostic factors, a multivariate analysis was performed. Cut-offs were set using the Youden index method associated with receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves to evaluate the accuracy of biomarkers to identify patients with BM. Results With a median follow-up of 40.8 months, median OS was 15.5 months (95%CI 12.4–20.2). Elevated serum levels of Tau were independently associated with a poor outcome in the whole population as well as in patients with (n = 86) and without BM (n = 158). Median serum Tau levels tended to be higher in patients with BM (p = 0.23). In univariate analysis, patients with BM had an increased risk of serum Tau > 3.17 pg/mL (OR = 2.2, p = 0.049). In multivariate analysis, high values of Tau (OR = 3.98, p = 0.034) accurately identified patients with BM in our cohort. Conclusions Tau is a new biomarker of interest in MBC. Its serum level could represent an independent prognostic factor in these patients (both with and without BM). It also seems to be associated with the presence of BM. A validation of these results in an independent set of MBC patients is necessary to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5287-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Darlix
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Protéomique Clinique, University of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine - Biotherapy IRMB, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Thezenas
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Maceski
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Protéomique Clinique, University of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine - Biotherapy IRMB, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, University of Montpellier MUSE, CHU Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène De Forges
- Clinical Research Unit, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Firmin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Protéomique Clinique, University of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine - Biotherapy IRMB, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
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Ghaffari A, Hoskin V, Turashvili G, Varma S, Mewburn J, Mullins G, Greer PA, Kiefer F, Day AG, Madarnas Y, SenGupta S, Elliott BE. Intravital imaging reveals systemic ezrin inhibition impedes cancer cell migration and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30678714 PMCID: PMC6345049 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited understanding of the cancer biology of metastatic sites is a major factor contributing to poor outcomes in cancer patients. The regional lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis in most solid cancers and their involvement is a strong predictor of relapse in breast cancer (BC). We have previously shown that ezrin, a cytoskeletal–membrane linker protein, is associated with lymphovascular invasion and promotes metastatic progression in BC. However, the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of ezrin in blocking cancer cell migration and metastasis remains unexplored in BC. Methods We quantified ezrin expression in a BC tissue microarray (n = 347) to assess its correlation with risk of relapse. Next, we developed a quantitative intravital microscopy (qIVM) approach, using a syngeneic lymphatic reporter mouse tumor model, to investigate the effect of systemic ezrin inhibition on cancer cell migration and metastasis. Results We show that ezrin is expressed at significantly higher levels in lymph node metastases compared to matched primary tumors, and that a high tumor ezrin level is associated with increased risk of relapse in BC patients with regional disease. Using qIVM, we observe a subset of cancer cells that retain their invasive and migratory phenotype at the tumor-draining lymph node. We further show that systemic inhibition of ezrin, using a small molecule compound (NSC668394), impedes the migration of cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, systemic ezrin inhibition leads to reductions in metastatic burden at the distal axillary lymph node and lungs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the tumor ezrin level act as an independent biomarker in predicting relapse and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of ezrin to reduce the metastatic capacity of cancer cells in high-risk BC patients with elevated ezrin expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1079-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Ghaffari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. .,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sonal Varma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jeff Mewburn
- Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graeme Mullins
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Andrew G Day
- Kingston General Hospital Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Sandip SenGupta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. .,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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ALDH1-positive intratumoral stromal cells indicate differentiated epithelial-like phenotype and good prognosis in prostate cancer. Transl Res 2019; 203:49-56. [PMID: 30287243 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) characterizes tumor-initiating cells in solid tumors; however, little is known about its expression in intratumoral stromal cells. Herein, we aimed to dissect its potential dual relevance in prostate cancer (PCa). ALDH1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in tumor and stromal cells in primary PCa and metastases. It was correlated to clinico-pathologic parameters, patients' outcome, and selected proteins (CK5/6, CK14, CK8/18, CK19, EpCAM, Ki-67, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin). ALDH1 protein was detected in tumor and stromal cells in 16% and 67% of 348 primary PCa, respectively. Tumor cell ALDH1 expression was associated with advanced T stage (P = 0.009), higher Gleason score (P = 0.016), shorter time to biochemical recurrence (TBR P = 0.010) and CK14 expression (P = 0.023). Stromal cell ALDH1 expression correlated to lower T stage (P = 0.008) and Gleason score (P = 0.016), N0 stage (P = 0.017), and longer TBR (P = 0.017). It occurred to be an independent predictor of good prognosis in the subgroup of d'Amico high-risk patients (multivariate analysis, P = 0.050). ALDH1-positive stromal cells were found in tumors characterized frequently by CK8/18 (P = 0.033) or EpCAM expression (P < 0.001) and rarely by epithelial-mesenchymal transition defined as CK8/18(-)vimentin(+) phenotype (P = 0.003). ALDH1-positive tumor and stromal cells were detected in 33% and 41% of hormone naive lymph node metastases (n = 63), 52% and 24% of castration resistant bone metastases, as well as 89% and 28% of castration resistant visceral metastases (n = 21), respectively. We have determined that contrary to tumor cell ALDH1, the presence of stromal ALDH1 is associated with epithelial phenotype of primary PCa, improved clinical outcome, and is less frequent in PCa metastases.
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135
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Polychronidou G, Kotoula V, Manousou K, Kostopoulos I, Karayannopoulou G, Vrettou E, Bobos M, Raptou G, Efstratiou I, Dionysopoulos D, Chatzopoulos K, Lakis S, Chrisafi S, Tsolakidis D, Papanikolaou A, Dombros N, Fountzilas G. Mismatch repair deficiency and aberrations in the Notch and Hedgehog pathways are of prognostic value in patients with endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208221. [PMID: 30521558 PMCID: PMC6283658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the Hedgehog (Gli, Patched-1, Shh, Smo) and Notch (Jag1, Notch2, Notch3) pathway members, in comparison to a panel of proteins (ER, PgR, HER2/neu, Ki67, p53, p16, PTEN and MMR) previously suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer, in association with clinical outcome and standard clinicopathological characteristics. A total of 204 patients with histological diagnosis of endometrial cancer treated from 2004 to 2013 were included. The evaluation of protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Univariate analysis showed that higher Ki67 labeling, expression of PTEN, p16, Notch2 and Notch3 proteins, as well as MMR proficiency were associated with increased relapse and mortality rate. Additionally, Patched-1 protein expression was associated with worse DFS, while p53 overexpression was associated with worse OS. In multivariate analyses, patients with MMR proficient tumors had more than double risk for death than patients with MMR deficient (MMRd) tumors (adjusted HR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.05–4.58, p = 0.036). Jag1 positivity conferred reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.97, p = 0.042). However, as shown by hierarchical clustering, patients fared better when their tumors expressed high Jag1 protein in the absence of Notch2 and Notch3, while they fared worse when all three proteins were highly expressed. Patched-1 positivity conferred higher risk for relapse (HR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.05–3.96, p = 0.036). Aberrant expression of key components of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways, as well as MMRd may serve as independent prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Polychronidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail: (GP); (VK)
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail: (GP); (VK)
| | - Kyriaki Manousou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Karayannopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vrettou
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Raptou
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios Lakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Chrisafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsolakidis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki
| | - Alexios Papanikolaou
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki
| | | | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Haider S, Yao CQ, Sabine VS, Grzadkowski M, Stimper V, Starmans MHW, Wang J, Nguyen F, Moon NC, Lin X, Drake C, Crozier CA, Brookes CL, van de Velde CJH, Hasenburg A, Kieback DG, Markopoulos CJ, Dirix LY, Seynaeve C, Rea DW, Kasprzyk A, Lambin P, Lio' P, Bartlett JMS, Boutros PC. Pathway-based subnetworks enable cross-disease biomarker discovery. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4746. [PMID: 30420699 PMCID: PMC6232113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers lie at the heart of precision medicine. Surprisingly, while rapid genomic profiling is becoming ubiquitous, the development of biomarkers usually involves the application of bespoke techniques that cannot be directly applied to other datasets. There is an urgent need for a systematic methodology to create biologically-interpretable molecular models that robustly predict key phenotypes. Here we present SIMMS (Subnetwork Integration for Multi-Modal Signatures): an algorithm that fragments pathways into functional modules and uses these to predict phenotypes. We apply SIMMS to multiple data types across five diseases, and in each it reproducibly identifies known and novel subtypes, and makes superior predictions to the best bespoke approaches. To demonstrate its ability on a new dataset, we profile 33 genes/nodes of the PI3K pathway in 1734 FFPE breast tumors and create a four-subnetwork prediction model. This model out-performs a clinically-validated molecular test in an independent cohort of 1742 patients. SIMMS is generic and enables systematic data integration for robust biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haider
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada.
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, United Kingdom.
| | - Cindy Q Yao
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vicky S Sabine
- Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Michal Grzadkowski
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Vincent Stimper
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Maud H W Starmans
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Francis Nguyen
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nathalie C Moon
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Xihui Lin
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Camilla Drake
- Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Cheryl A Crozier
- Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Cassandra L Brookes
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel W Rea
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Arek Kasprzyk
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Lio'
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, United Kingdom
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explain several biomarkers used in primary adult brain tumor diagnosis and the methodologies for their application. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSION In the past few years, several biomarkers have been touted as providing reliable and objective assays of histogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutic sensitivity. A number of these markers have failed the test of time and rigorous practice applications. More recently, assays with diagnostic applications have been reported and validated from multiple laboratories using large numbers of patients in routine clinical practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This article provides a reference for biomarker tests for gliomas. There is a greater need for nurses to understand the translational interface between basic science and clinical medicine to determine the applications of these biomarkers for the best interests of their patients.
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Snell CE, Gough M, Liu C, Middleton K, Pyke C, Shannon C, Woodward N, Hickey TE, Armes JE, Tilley WD. Improved relapse-free survival on aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer is associated with interaction between oestrogen receptor-α and progesterone receptor-b. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1316-1325. [PMID: 30410061 PMCID: PMC6265321 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent pre-clinical studies indicate that activated progesterone receptor (PR) (particularly the PR-B isoform) binds to oestrogen receptor-α (ER) and reprogrammes transcription toward better breast cancer outcomes. We investigated whether ER and PR-B interactions were present in breast tumours and associated with clinical parameters including response to aromatase inhibitors. METHODS We developed a proximity ligation assay to detect ER and PR-B (ER:PR-B) interactions in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The assay was validated in a cell line and patient-derived breast cancer explants and applied to a cohort of 229 patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer with axillary nodal disease. RESULTS Higher frequency of ER:PR-B interaction correlated with increasing patient age, lower tumour grade and mitotic index. A low frequency of ER:PR-B interaction was associated with higher risk of relapse. In multivariate analysis, ER:PR-B interaction frequency was an independent predictive factor for relapse, whereas PR expression was not. In subset analysis, low frequency of ER:PR-B interaction was predictive of relapse on adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (HR 4.831, p = 0.001), but not on tamoxifen (HR 1.043, p = 0.939). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ER:PR-B interactions have utility in predicting patient response to adjuvant AI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron E Snell
- Cancer Pathology Research Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
| | - Madeline Gough
- Cancer Pathology Research Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Kathryn Middleton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Pyke
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Catherine Shannon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Natasha Woodward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jane E Armes
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Omari A, Nastały P, Stoupiec S, Bałabas A, Dąbrowska M, Bielińska B, Huss S, Pantel K, Semjonow A, Eltze E, Brandt B, Bednarz-Knoll N. Somatic aberrations of BRCA1 gene are associated with ALDH1, EGFR, and tumor progression in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:607-614. [PMID: 30265376 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 is a pivotal tumor suppressor. Its dysfunction is known to play a role in different tumors. Among others, BRCA1 germline mutations account for higher risk and more aggressive course of prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, somatic BRCA1 gene loss was demonstrated to be a signature of PCa dissemination to lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and indicate worse clinical outcome. In order to substantiate the data for BRCA1 gene loss in PCa and reveal its phenotypical background, BRCA1 gene status was assessed in a large cohort of PCa patients and compared to different molecular factors. BRCA1 gene dosage was assessed in 2398 tumor samples from 1,199 PCa patients using fluorescent in situ hybridization. It was compared to clinico-pathological parameters, patients' outcome as well as selected proteins (Ki-67, apoptosis marker, cytokeratins, vimentin, E- and N-cadherin, ALDH1 and EGFR) examined immunohistochemically. BRCA1 losses were found in 10%, whereas gains appeared in 7% of 603 informative PCa patients. BRCA1 losses correlated to higher T stage (p = 0.027), Gleason score (p = 0.039), shorter time to biochemical recurrence in patients with Gleason score > 7 independently of other factors (multivariate analysis, p = 0.005) as well as expression of proteins regulating stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, that is, ALDH1 (p = 0.021) and EGFR (p = 0.011), respectively. BRCA1 gains correlated to shorter time to metastasis (p = 0.012) and expression of ALDH1 (p = 0.014). These results support the assumption that BRCA1 gene losses contribute to a progressive and stem cell-like phenotype of PCa. Furthermore, they reveal that also BRCA1 gain conceivably representing loss-of-function might mark more invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Omari
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Nastały
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Stoupiec
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Bielińska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Semjonow
- Department of Urology, Prostate Center University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elke Eltze
- Institute of Pathology Saarbruecken-Rastpfuhl, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Burkhard Brandt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; formerly Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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140
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McMenamin ÚC, Trainor J, Coleman HG, McManus DT, McQuaid S, Bingham V, James J, Salto-Tellez M, Johnston BT, Turkington RC. Sex hormone receptor expression and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35300-35312. [PMID: 30450159 PMCID: PMC6219676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A striking epidemiological feature of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is its strong, unexplained male predominance but few studies have evaluated the prevalence of sex hormone receptor expression in EAC. RESULTS A low proportion of EAC tumors stained positive for ERα (4%) and AR (3%) while approximately one third stained positive for ERβ (31%). After a mean follow-up of 3 years (max 9 years), no significant associations were seen for ERα, ERβ or AR expression and EAC recurrence or survival. A non-significant reduction in mortality was observed for positive ERβ tumor expression, when restricting to patients with gastro-esophageal junctional (GEJ) cancer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33, 1.03, p = 0.06). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all EAC patients who underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical resection between 2004-2012 in the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre. Immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERβ and AR was scored on triplicate cores to generate H-scores. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between sex hormone receptor expression and overall, cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION We found little evidence of ERα or AR expression in EAC. A moderate proportion expressed ERβ and there was suggestive evidence that its expression was associated with improved survival in GEJ cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna C McMenamin
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James Trainor
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Damian T McManus
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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141
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BCL2L12: a multiply spliced gene with independent prognostic significance in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:276-287. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alternative splicing is a key process in carcinogenesis and, from a clinical aspect, holds great promises, as alternatively spliced variants have emerged as an untapped source of diagnostic and prognostic markers. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of three recently recognized splice variants of the apoptosis-related gene, BCL2L12, in breast cancer (BC).
Methods
Total RNA was extracted from breast samples (150 BC and 80 tumor-adjacent normal tissues) and, following cDNA synthesis, a variant-specific qPCR was performed for the expressional quantification of BCL2L12 v.1, v.2 and v.4 transcript variants. Extensive statistical analysis, including bootstrap resampling and internal validation, was conducted in order to evaluate the associations of v.1, v.2 and v.4 expression with patients’ clinopathological and survival data.
Results
All examined BCL2L12 variants were significantly upregulated in BC specimens compared to their non-cancerous counterpart (v.1, p<0.001; v.2, p=0.009; v.4, p=0.004). Increased BCL2L12 v.4 mRNA expression was associated with markers of unfavorable prognosis namely, advanced tumor grade (p=0.002), ER- (p=0.015)/PR- (p<0.001) negativity, Ki-67-positivity (p=0.007) and high NPI (Nottingham prognostic index) score (p=0.033). Moreover, v.4 was significantly overexpressed in women with triple negative BC (TNBC) and HER2-positive tumors compared to those harboring luminal tumors (p<0.001). Survival analysis disclosed that BCL2L12 v.2 overexpression, as a continuous variable ([HR]=0.45, 95% CI=0.17–0.82, p=0.010), is a strong and independent marker of favorable prognosis for BC patients. Interestingly, v.2 retains its prognostic value in patients with Grade II/III ([HR]=0.21, 95% CI=0.05–0.57, p=0.006) or HER2-positive/TNBC tumors ([HR]=0.25, 95% CI=0.05–0.74, p=0.042).
Conclusions
BCL2L12 v.1, v.2, v.4 are aberrantly expressed in BC. Their expressional analysis by cost-effective molecular methods could provide a novel molecular tool for BC management.
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142
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Sustained prognostic impact of circulating tumor cell status and kinetics upon further progression of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:155-165. [PMID: 30276763 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serial longitudinal enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has shown its prognostic value on progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage IV breast cancer. This study prospectively evaluated the role of CTCs as a prognostic marker during further progression of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS Among 476 MBC patients recruited between 2010 and 2015, the 103 patients with a known CTC status at baseline (CTCBL) and within 4 weeks of tumor progression (CTCPD) were included. Progressive disease (PD) was defined according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1). Using the CellSearch method, < 5 and ≥ 5 CTCs per 7.5 ml blood were determined as negative and positive, respectively. A shift in CTC status from baseline to progression ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and vice versa) was considered as alternating KineticsBL-PD. RESULTS Median follow-up was 29.9 [21.2, 40.0] months. CTCPD positivity (37%, n = 38) was associated with a significantly shorter OS than CTCPD negativity (8.0 [5.1, 10.9] vs 22.6 [15.3, 39.8] months; P < 0.001). Alternating KineticsBL-PD was observed in 24% of the patients. This significantly changed the OS prediction of [Formula: see text] patients ([Formula: see text] vs [Formula: see text], 11.4 [9.7, not available (NA)] vs. 7.6 [4.4, 11.5] months; P = 0.044) and [Formula: see text] patients ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text], 8.4 [4.0, NA] vs. 22.6 [18.9, NA] months, respectively; P < 0.001). Prediction of survival was significantly improved (P = 0.002) by adding CTCPD status to clinicopathological characteristics and CTCBL status. CONCLUSIONS CTC status upon further disease progression is a prognostic factor that could significantly improve well-established models. Thus, it represents a potential additional instrument supporting treatment decision.
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143
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Stangl S, Tei L, De Rose F, Reder S, Martinelli J, Sievert W, Shevtsov M, Öllinger R, Rad R, Schwaiger M, D'Alessandria C, Multhoff G. Preclinical Evaluation of the Hsp70 Peptide Tracer TPP-PEG 24-DFO[ 89Zr] for Tumor-Specific PET/CT Imaging. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6268-6281. [PMID: 30228173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High precision in vivo PET/CT imaging of solid tumors improves diagnostic credibility and clinical outcome of patients. An epitope of the oligomerization domain of Hsp70 is exclusively exposed on the membrane of a large variety of tumor types, but not on normal cells, and thus provides a universal tumor-specific target. Here we developed a novel PET tracer TPP-PEG24-DFO[89Zr] based on the tumor cell-penetrating peptide probe TPP, which specifically recognizes membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70) on tumor cells. The implemented PEG24 moiety supported tracer stability and improved biodistribution characteristics in vivo The K d of the tracer ranged in the low nanomolar range (18.9 ± 11.3 nmol/L). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled derivatives TPP-[FITC] and TPP-PEG24-[FITC] revealed comparable and specific binding to mHsp70-positive 4T1, 4T1+, a derivative of the 4T1 cell line sorted for high Hsp70 expression, and CT26 tumor cells, but not to mHsp70-negative normal fibroblasts. The rapid internalization kinetics of mHsp70 into the cytosol and the favorable biodistribution of the peptide-based tracer TPP-PEG24-DFO[89Zr] in vivo enabled a tumor-specific accumulation with a high tumor-to-background contrast and renal body clearance. The tumor-specific enrichment of the tracer in 4T1+ (6.2 ± 1.1%ID/g), 4T1 (4.3 ± 0.7%ID/g), and CT26 (2.6 ± 0.6%ID/g) mouse tumors with very high, high, and intermediate mHsp70 densities, respectively, reflected mHsp70 expression profiles of the different tumor types, whereas benign mHsp70-negative fibroblastic hyperplasia showed no tracer accumulation (0.2 ± 0.03%ID/g). The ability of our chemically optimized peptide-based tracer TPP-PEG24-DFO[89Zr] to detect mHsp70 in vivo suggests its broad applicability in targeting and imaging with high specificity for any tumor type that exhibits surface expression of Hsp70.Significance: A novel peptide-based PET tracer against the oligomerization domain of Hsp70 has potential for universal tumor-specific imaging in vivo across many tumor type. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6268-81. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stangl
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Medical Department II, Translational Gastroenterological Oncology, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Medical Department II, Translational Gastroenterological Oncology, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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Deeks JJ, Hopewell S, Moher D, Higgins JPT, Moons KGM, Chandler J, Antes G. Doug Altman's legacy to Cochrane and evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8:ED000127. [PMID: 30221350 PMCID: PMC10284314 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ed000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Deeks
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of BirminghamUK
| | - Sally Hopewell
- University of OxfordOxford Clinical Trials Research UnitUK
| | - David Moher
- University of OttawaOttawa Hospital Research InstituteCanada
| | - Julian PT Higgins
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUK
| | - Karel GM Moons
- Utrecht UniversityJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care and Cochrane Netherlands, UMC UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerd Antes
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine (for Cochrane Germany Foundation), Albert‐Ludwigs‐UniversityFreiburg i.B.Germany
- Cochrane Germany FoundationFreiburg i.B.Germany
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Combining discovery and targeted proteomics reveals a prognostic signature in oral cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3598. [PMID: 30185791 PMCID: PMC6125363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. Therefore, defining biological signatures that allow assessing the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance. Using histopathology-guided discovery proteomics, we analyze neoplastic islands and stroma from the invasive tumor front (ITF) and inner tumor to identify differentially expressed proteins. Potential signature proteins are prioritized and further investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted proteomics. IHC indicates low expression of cystatin-B in neoplastic islands from the ITF as an independent marker for local recurrence. Targeted proteomics analysis of the prioritized proteins in saliva, combined with machine-learning methods, highlights a peptide-based signature as the most powerful predictor to distinguish patients with and without lymph node metastasis. In summary, we identify a robust signature, which may enhance prognostic decisions in OSCC and better guide treatment to reduce tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis. Oral cancer has region-specific histopathological and molecular characteristics, complicating its classification by the standard tumor-node-metastasis system. Here, the authors combine discovery and targeted proteomics with IHC to identify region-specific and saliva biomarkers for oral cancer prognosis.
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146
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Rakaee M, Kilvaer TK, Dalen SM, Richardsen E, Paulsen EE, Hald SM, Al-Saad S, Andersen S, Donnem T, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes using routine H&E slides predicts patient survival in resected non–small cell lung cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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147
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Serum alkaline phosphatase and 30-day mortality after surgery for spinal metastatic disease. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:165-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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148
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Schunkert EM, Zhao W, Zänker K. Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Assessment: Is Non-Invasive Monitoring an Option? Biomed Hub 2018; 3:1-17. [PMID: 31988964 PMCID: PMC6945973 DOI: 10.1159/000492929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) represents a life-threatening disease with a median survival time of 18-24 months that often can only be treated palliatively. The majority of women suffering from MBC are those who had been previously diagnosed with locally advanced disease and subsequently experienced cancer recurrence in the form of metastasis. However, according to guidelines, no systemic follow-up for monitoring purposes is recommended for these women. The purpose of this article is to review current methods of recurrent risk assessment as well as non-invasive monitoring options for women at risk for distant disease relapse and metastasis formation. METHODS We used PubMed and national guidelines, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), to find recently published studies on breast cancer recurrence risk assessment and systemic monitoring of breast cancer patients through non-invasive means. RESULTS The options for recurrence risk assessment of locally invasive breast cancer has improved due to diverse genetic tests, such as Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, the PAM50 (now known as the "Prosigna Test") assay, EndoPredict (EP), and the Breast Cancer Index (BCI), which evaluate a women's risk of relapse according to certain cancer-gene expression patterns. Different promising non-invasive urinary protein-based biomarkers with metastasis surveillance potential that have been identified are MMP-2, MMP-9, NGAL, and ADAM12. In particular, ααCTX, ββCTX, and NTX could help to monitor bone metastasis. CONCLUSION In times of improved recurrence risk assessment of women with breast cancer, non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed as potential monitoring options for women who have an increased risk of recurrence. Urine as a bioliquid of choice provides several advantages - it is non-invasive, can be obtained easily and frequently, and is economical. Promising biomarkers that could help to follow up women with increased recurrence risk have been identified. In order for them to be implemented in clinical usage and national guideline recommendations, further validation in larger independent cohorts will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Schunkert
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medicine and School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Wanzhou Zhao
- Nanjing Han and Zaenker Cancer Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Kurt Zänker
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medicine and School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Kraby MR, Valla M, Opdahl S, Haugen OA, Sawicka JE, Engstrøm MJ, Bofin AM. The prognostic value of androgen receptors in breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:283-296. [PMID: 30109519 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) expression is frequent in breast cancer and has been associated with good prognosis in several studies. The present study investigates AR-expression in relation to molecular subtypes, clinicopathological features and prognosis in 1297 primary tumours and 336 paired axillary lymph node metastases (LNM) from two cohorts of Norwegian patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for AR was performed on tumours previously reclassified into molecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Associations between AR-expression and clinical features were studied using Chi-square tests. Cumulative incidence of breast cancer death and Cox regression analyses were used to assess prognosis. RESULTS AR-positivity was found in 78.0% of all cases, 84.9% of luminal and 45.1% of non-luminal tumours. The highest proportion of AR-positivity was found in Luminal B tumours, and the lowest in the Basal phenotype. Discordance in AR-status between primary tumours and lymph node metastases was observed in 21.4% of cases. A switch from AR- primary tumour to AR+ lymph node metastasis was seen in 60/72 discrepant cases. AR-expression in primary tumours was an independent and favourable prognostic marker (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.90), particularly in the Luminal A subtype, and in grade 3 tumours. CONCLUSIONS AR is an independent predictor of good prognosis in BC, particularly in grade 3 and Luminal A tumours. Discordant AR-expression between primary tumour and LNM was observed in 21.4% of cases and most often there was a switch from AR- primary tumour to AR+ axillary LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ryssdal Kraby
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Valla
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Anton Haugen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joanna Ewa Sawicka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica Jernberg Engstrøm
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Mary Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, The Laboratory Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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150
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Tsang JYS, Lee MA, Ni YB, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Chan WW, Lau KF, Tse GMK. Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Nonluminal Breast Cancers. Oncologist 2018; 23:1273-1281. [PMID: 30108157 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), a potential target for Alzheimer's disease treatment, has recently been shown to take part in carcinogenesis. Increased APP promotes migration, survival, and proliferation in breast cancer cell lines. We examined the clinical value of APP in breast cancers. A comprehensive examination of clinicopathological features related to APP expression in a large cohort of breast cancers and the corresponding metastatic lymph nodes was performed. APP expression and its prognostic impact in different breast cancer subtypes were examined. RESULTS APP was highly expressed in nonluminal breast cancers and correlated with features associated with nonluminal breast cancers (including higher grade, the presence of necrosis, and higher proliferative index, growth factor receptor, and basal marker expression). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis demonstrated that APP was an independent adverse prognostic factor of disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.090; p = .013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.165-3.748) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HR, 2.631; p = .002; 95% CI, 1.408-4.915) in the nonluminal group. The independent prognostic impact was also seen in triple negative breast cancers. Interestingly, a higher expression of APP was found in nodal metastasis compared with primary tumor. Such APP upregulation was correlated with further distal metastasis and poorer outcome (DFS: log-rank, 12.848; p < .001; BCSS: log-rank, 13.947; p < .001). CONCLUSION Our findings provided evidence of oncogenic roles of APP in clinical breast cancers. Patients with positive APP expression, particularly those with APP upregulation in lymph node metastases, may require vigilant monitoring of their disease and more aggressive therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), a potential target for Alzheimer's disease, has recently been implicated in oncogenesis. Here, evidence of its roles in clinical breast cancers is provided. Positive APP expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor in nonluminal cancers, particularly triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Interestingly, a higher APP in nodal metastases was associated with distal metastases. TNBCs are heterogeneous and currently have no available target therapy. APP could have therapeutic potential and be used to define the more aggressive cases in TNBCs. Current prognostic analysis is based on primary tumor. The present data suggest that investigation of nodal metastases could provide additional prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle A Lee
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wai-Wa Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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