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Ferré G, Czaplicki G, Demange P, Milon A. Structure and dynamics of dynorphin peptide and its receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 111:17-47. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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102
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the NOP receptor and N/OFQ as the endogenous ligand, evidence has appeared demonstrating the involvement of this receptor system in pain. This was not surprising for members of the opioid receptor and peptide families, particularly since both the receptor and N/OFQ are highly expressed in brain regions involved in pain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. What has been surprising is the complicated picture that has emerged from 25 years of research. The original finding that N/OFQ decreased tail flick and hotplate latency, when administered i.c.v., led to the hypothesis that NOP receptor antagonists could have analgesic activity without abuse liability. However, as data accumulated, it became clear that not only the potency but the activity per se was different when N/OFQ or small molecule NOP agonists were administered in the brain versus the spinal cord and it also depended upon the pain assay used. When administered systemically, NOP receptor agonists are generally ineffective in attenuating heat pain but are antinociceptive in an acute inflammatory pain model. Most antagonists administered systemically have no antinociceptive activity of their own, even though selective peptide NOP antagonists have potent antinociceptive activity when administered i.c.v. Chronic pain models provide different results as well, as small molecule NOP receptor agonists have potent anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic activity after systemic administration. A considerable number of electrophysiological and anatomical experiments, in particular with NOP-eGFP mice, have been conducted in an attempt to explain the complicated profile resulting from NOP receptor modulation, to examine receptor plasticity, and to elucidate mechanisms by which selective NOP agonists, bifunctional NOP/mu agonists, or NOP receptor antagonists modulate acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor-related ligands have been demonstrated in preclinical studies for several therapeutic applications. This article highlights (1) how nonhuman primates (NHP) were used to facilitate the development and application of positron emission tomography tracers in humans; (2) effects of an endogenous NOP ligand, nociceptin/orphanin FQ, and its interaction with mu opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists; and (3) promising functional profiles of NOP-related agonists in NHP as analgesics and treatment for substance use disorders. NHP models offer the most phylogenetically appropriate evaluation of opioid and non-opioid receptor functions and drug effects. Based on preclinical and clinical data of ligands with mixed NOP/MOP receptor agonist activity, several factors including their intrinsic efficacies for activating NOP versus MOP receptors and different study endpoints in NHP could contribute to different pharmacological profiles. Ample evidence from NHP studies indicates that bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists have opened an exciting avenue for developing safe, effective medications with fewer side effects for treating pain and drug addiction. In particular, bifunctional NOP/MOP partial agonists hold a great potential as (1) effective spinal analgesics without itch side effects; (2) safe, nonaddictive analgesics without opioid side effects such as respiratory depression; and (3) effective medications for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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104
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Reinscheid RK, Civelli O. The History of N/OFQ and the NOP Receptor. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:3-16. [PMID: 30689090 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) marks the genuine start of the reverse pharmacology era, when systematic hunting for ligands of orphan receptors began. The choice of this particular target was no coincidence as the orphan receptor ORL-1 displayed high similarity to known opioid receptors, and thus its elusive ligand held promise to find more than a ligand but a missing opioid peptide. N/OFQ indeed turned out to belong to the opioid peptide family, but with significant pharmacological and functional distinctions. The quest for understanding N/OFQ's physiological functions has produced some novel insights into stress regulation and many other body functions but is still ongoing almost 25 years after its discovery. This chapter highlights the early steps of orphan receptor research and some of the protagonists who helped to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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105
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Caputi FF, Romualdi P, Candeletti S. Regulation of the Genes Encoding the ppN/OFQ and NOP Receptor. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:141-162. [PMID: 30689088 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the ability of N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in modulating several physiological functions, including the release of neurotransmitters, anxiety-like behavior responses, modulation of the reward circuitry, inflammatory signaling, nociception, and motor function, has been examined in several brain regions and at spinal level. This chapter collects information related to the genes encoding the ppN/OFQ and NOP receptor, their regulation, and relative transcriptional control mechanisms. Furthermore, genetic manipulations, polymorphisms, and epigenetic alterations associated with different pathological conditions are discussed. The evidence here collected indicates that the study of ppN/OFQ and NOP receptor gene expression may offer novel opportunities in the field of personalized therapies and highlights this system as a good "druggable target" for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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106
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Li J, Huang F. JTC-801 Suppresses Melanoma Cells Growth through the PI3K‑Akt‑mTOR Signaling Pathways. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:8-14. [PMID: 30403168 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered as one of the most potentially fatal and aggressive malignancies. Due to the limited efficacy or drug resistance of the current targeted therapies of melanoma, developing new therapeutic drugs against new targets to effectively control tumor growth is greatly needed. In this study, the effect of JTC-801, a selective small-molecule antagonist of nociceptin receptor and analgesic agent, on a melanoma cell line, M14, has been studied. We demonstrate herein that JTC-801 could efficiently suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of the M14 melanoma cells, and induced a strong apoptosis. Importantly, our results provide the underlying molecular mechanism of these effects. JTC-801 cells regulate M14 cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt‑mTOR pathway. These results suggest that JTC-801 should be further studied in preclinical modes to establish whether it represents a potential small anticancer candidate drug against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China - Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Yucheng People's Hospital, No.753, Kaituo Road, Yu Town, Yucheng 251200, Shandong, P.R. China
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107
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Tsai CY, Poon YY, Huang YH, Chan SH. Activation of spinal nociceptin receptors induces cardiovascular depression and antinociception in an independent manner in mice. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2699-2708. [PMID: 30464587 PMCID: PMC6219425 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s175259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The nociceptin receptor (NOP) was discovered in 1994 and was designated opioid-like receptor; activation of NOP leads to reduced neuronal excitability. Although suggested by the anatomical localization of NOP in brain or spinal cord, the cardiovascular or nociceptive effects of its endogenous ligand, nociceptin, are equivocal. Taking advantage from intrathecal application of nociceptin to simultaneously activate NOP on sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral column (IML) and superficial laminae of dorsal horn, we investigated whether the nociceptin-induced cardiovascular effects engage the participation of baroreflex, and whether the concurrently elicited changes in blood pressure and pain responses are interrelated. Methods NOPs in the thoracic spinal cord of ICR or C57BL/6 mice were identified with immunofluorescence staining and were activated through intrathecal administration of nocicetpin. The elicited changes in cardiovascular parameters and tail-flick nociceptive responses were measured. Results Positive immunoreactivity against NOP colocalized with neurons in the IML and superficial dorsal horn layers of thoracic spinal cord. Intrathecal administration of nociceptin (1, 2, or 5 nmol) elicited a significant and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure or heart rate that was paralleled by reduced baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone and mirrored by augmented cardiac vagal baroreflex, alongside prolonged tail-flick latency with an efficacy of hypotension <<< antinociception. Coadministration of the specific NOP antagonist, UFP101 (10 nmol), blunted all nociceptin-elicited responses. However, restoring blood pressure to baseline level failed to affect the antinociceptive actions of nociceptin. Conclusion Activation of thoracic spinal NOP in ICR and C57BL/6 mice induces blood pressure and heart rate by decreasing the sympathetic outflow of both arms of the baroreflex arc to the blood vessels and the heart, and the antinociceptive responses to nociceptin are independent of and disproportional to its cardiovascular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Yan-Yuen Poon
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, .,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Samuel Hh Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
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108
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Jensen KP, DeVito EE, Yip S, Carroll KM, Sofuoglu M. The Cholinergic System as a Treatment Target for Opioid Use Disorder. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:981-996. [PMID: 30259415 PMCID: PMC6314885 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opioid overdoses recently became the leading cause of accidental death in the US, marking an increase in the severity of the opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic that is impacting global health. Current treatment protocols for OUD are limited to opioid medications, including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. While these medications are effective in many cases, new treatments are required to more effectively address the rising societal and interpersonal costs associated with OUD. In this article, we review the opioid and cholinergic systems, and examine the potential of acetylcholine (ACh) as a treatment target for OUD. The cholinergic system includes enzymes that synthesize and degrade ACh and receptors that mediate the effects of ACh. ACh is involved in many central nervous system functions that are critical to the development and maintenance of OUD, such as reward and cognition. Medications that target the cholinergic system have been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, tobacco use disorder, and nausea. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors and scopolamine, which target components of the cholinergic system, show promise for the treatment of OUD and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Sarah Yip
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kathleen M Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave, Bldg 36/116A4, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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109
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Pan B, Schröder W, Jostock R, Schwartz M, Rosson G, Polydefkis M. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide-receptor expression in pachyonychia congenita. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 23:241-248. [PMID: 30255608 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP)-receptor (NOP-R) is a member of the opioid receptor family. NOP-R activation has demonstrated analgesic effects in preclinical pain models without the addiction risks associated with other opiate targets. Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by neuropathic pain in affected skin. A cohort of KRT6A gene mutation PC patients with no other explanation for their neuropathic pain offered a unique opportunity to assess potential of NOP-R as a therapeutic target. Plantar biopsies from 10 PC patients and 10 age/gender matched controls were performed at the ball (PC-affected) and the arch (PC-unaffected) of the foot. NOP-R expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Localization of NOP-R in subsets of epidermal nerve fibers was investigated using the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5, markers for unmyelinated peptidergic fibers (calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] and substance P [SP]), as well as for myelinated Aδ and Aβ fibers (neurofilament H [NFH]). Robust NOP-R expression was detected in epidermal keratinocytes and in a subset of PGP9.5+ fibers in both epidermis and dermis, confirmed by western blot and absorption experiments with NOP-R peptide. NOP-R expression in keratinocytes was significantly reduced in PC-affected plantar skin compared with PC-unaffected skin. In addition, NOP-R expression occurred in dermal NFH+ myelinated fibers in all groups, although few CGRP+ fibers co-expressed NOP-R. Furthermore, most SP+ fibers also co-expressed NOP-R. These findings indicate that NOP-R is expressed on epidermal keratinocytes, as well as on epidermal and dermal nerve fibers and has potential as a promising target to treat neuropathic pain in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohan Pan
- Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Translational Science & Intelligence, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Jostock
- In-Vitro Biology & Biomarker Research Unit, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mary Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gedge Rosson
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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110
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Kumar V, Polgar WE, Cami-Kobeci G, Thomas MP, Khroyan TV, Toll L, Husbands SM. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and SAR Studies of 14β-phenylacetyl Substituted 17-cyclopropylmethyl-7, 8-dihydronoroxymorphinones Derivatives: Ligands With Mixed NOP and Opioid Receptor Profile. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:430. [PMID: 30283364 PMCID: PMC6156383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 14β-acyl substituted 17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronoroxymorphinone compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and efficacy for mu (MOP), kappa (KOP), and delta (DOP) opioid receptors and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors. The majority of the new ligands displayed high binding affinities for the three opioid receptors, and moderate affinity for NOP receptors. The affinities for NOP receptors are of particular interest as most classical opioid ligands do not bind to NOP receptors. The predominant activity in the [35S]GTPγS assay was partial agonism at each receptor. The results are consistent with our prediction that an appropriate 14β side chain would access a binding site within the NOP receptor and result in substantially higher affinity than displayed by the parent compound naltrexone. Molecular modeling studies, utilizing the recently reported structure of the NOP receptor, are also consistent with this interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Gerta Cami-Kobeci
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Stephen M. Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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111
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Micevych PE, Sinchak K. Extranuclear signaling by ovarian steroids in the regulation of sexual receptivity. Horm Behav 2018; 104:4-14. [PMID: 29753716 PMCID: PMC6240501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Micevych
- Dept of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the UCLA Brain Research Institute, United States
| | - Kevin Sinchak
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, United States.
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112
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Todorov P, Peneva P, Pechlivanova D, Georgieva S, Dzhambazova E. Synthesis, characterization and nociceptive screening of new VV-hemorphin-5 analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3073-3079. [PMID: 30078474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, some new analogues of VV-hemorphin-5, modified at position 1 and 7 by the non-proteinogenic and/or natural amino acids followed the structures Xxx-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-NH2 and Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Yyy-NH2, where Xxx is Ile or Aib and Yyy is Lys/Orn/Dap/Dab were synthesized to investigate their potential antinociceptive activities. We report also the redox potentials and the acid/base properties as pKa values of these peptide analogues which were compared toward electrochemical behaviour of tryptophan containing peptides. All analogues showed a short lasting initial antinociceptive effect, however H2 hemorphin analogue is characterized with prolong and strong antinociceptive effect, while the other peptide analogues exerted more variable effects on the visceral nociception depending on the dose or time after the intracerebral injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Dzhambazova
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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113
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The neuroprotective role of the brain opioid system in stroke injury. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1385-1395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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114
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Schöneberg T, Meister J, Knierim AB, Schulz A. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR34 - The past 20 years of a grownup. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 189:71-88. [PMID: 29684466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on GPR34, which was discovered in 1999 as an orphan G protein-coupled receptor of the rhodopsin-like class, disclosed its physiologic relevance only piece by piece. Being present in all recent vertebrate genomes analyzed so far it seems to improve the fitness of species although it is not essential for life and reproduction as GPR34-deficient mice demonstrate. However, closer inspection of macrophages and microglia, where it is mainly expressed, revealed its relevance in immune cell function. Recent data clearly demonstrate that GPR34 function is required to arrest microglia in the M0 homeostatic non-phagocytic phenotype. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on its evolution, genomic and structural organization, physiology, pharmacology and relevance in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, which accumulated over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alexander Bernd Knierim
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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115
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Analysis of natural product regulation of opioid receptors in the treatment of human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:51-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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116
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Khan MS, Boileau I, Kolla N, Mizrahi R. A systematic review of the role of the nociceptin receptor system in stress, cognition, and reward: relevance to schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:38. [PMID: 29391391 PMCID: PMC5804030 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests that the nociceptin receptor system may be involved in domains affected in schizophrenia, based on evidence aligning it with hallmark features of the disorder. First, aberrant glutamatergic and striatal dopaminergic function are associated with psychotic symptoms, and the nociceptin receptor system has been shown to regulate dopamine and glutamate transmission. Second, stress is a critical risk factor for first break and relapse in schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that the nociceptin receptor system is also directly involved in stress modulation. Third, cognitive deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia, and the nociceptin receptor system has significant impact on learning and working memory. Last, reward processing is disrupted in schizophrenia, and nociceptin signaling has been shown to regulate reward cue salience. These findings provide the foundation for the involvement of the nociceptin receptor system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and outline the need for future research into this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Nathan Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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117
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Zhang Y, Schalo I, Durand C, Standifer KM. Sex Differences in Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor-Mediated Pain and Anxiety Symptoms in a Preclinical Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:731. [PMID: 30670988 PMCID: PMC6331409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a neuropeptide that modulates pain transmission, learning/memory, stress, anxiety, and fear responses via activation of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP or ORL1) receptor. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may arise after exposure to a traumatic or fearful event, and often is co-morbid with chronic pain. Using an established animal model of PTSD, single-prolonged stress (SPS), we were the first to report that NOP receptor antagonist treatment reversed traumatic stress-induced allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and anxiety-like behaviors in male Sprague-Dawley rats. NOP antagonist treatment also reversed SPS-induced serum and CSF N/OFQ increase and circulating corticosterone decrease. The objective of this study was to examine the role of the NOP receptor in male and female rats subjected to traumatic stress using Wistar wild type (WT) and NOP receptor knockout (KO) rats. The severity of co-morbid allodynia was assessed as change in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat stimuli, respectively. PWT and PWL decreased in male and female WT rats within 7 days after SPS, and remained decreased through day 28. Baseline sensitivity did not differ between genotypes. However, while male NOP receptor KO rats were protected from SPS-induced allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity, female NOP receptor KO rats exhibited tactile allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity to the same extent as WT rats. Male NOP receptor KO rats had a lower anxiety index (AI) than WT, but SPS did not increase AI in WT males. In contrast, SPS significantly increased AI in WT and NOP receptor KO female rats. SPS increased circulating N/OFQ levels in male WT, but not in male NOP receptor KO, or WT or KO female rats. These results indicate that the absence of the NOP receptor protects males from traumatic-stress-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia, consistent with our previous findings utilizing a NOP receptor antagonist. However, female NOP receptor KO rats experience allodynia, hyperalgesia and anxiety-like symptoms to the same extent as WT females following SPS. This suggests that endogenous N/OFQ-NOP receptor signaling plays an important, but distinct, role in males and females following exposure to traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ian Schalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Cindy Durand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kelly M Standifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Ferdousi M, Finn DP. Stress-induced modulation of pain: Role of the endogenous opioid system. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:121-177. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Adem A, Madjid N, Kahl U, Holst S, Sadek B, Sandin J, Terenius L, Ögren SO. Nociceptin and the NOP receptor in aversive learning in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1298-1307. [PMID: 29102248 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin (N/OFQ), which mediates its actions via the nociceptin receptor (NOP), is implicated in multiple behavioural and physiological functions. This study examined the effects of the NOP agonists N/OFQ and the synthetic agonist Ro 64-6198, the antagonists NNN and NalBzoH, as well as deletion of the Pronociceptin gene on emotional memory in mice. The animals were tested in the passive avoidance (PA) task, dependent on hippocampal and amygdala functions. N/OFQ injected intraventricularly (i.c.v.) prior to training produced a biphasic effect on PA retention; facilitation at a low dose and impairment at higher doses. Ro 64-6198 also displayed a biphasic effect with memory facilitation at lower doses and impairment at a high dose. None of the agonists influenced PA training latencies. NNN did not significantly modulate retention in the PA task but antagonized the inhibitory effects of N/OFQ. NalBzoH facilitated memory retention in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the impairing effects of N/OFQ. However, neither NNN nor NalBzoH blocked the memory-impairing effects of Ro 64-6198. Finally, the Pnoc knockout mice exhibited enhanced PA retention latencies compared to the wild type mice. The biphasic effect of the natural ligand and Ro 64-6198 and the failure of the antagonists to block the action of Ro 64-6198 indicate complexity in ligand-receptor interaction. These results indicate that brain nociceptin and its NOP has a subtle role in regulation of mechanisms of relevance for treatment of disorders with processing disturbances of aversive events e.g. Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Adem
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nather Madjid
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Kahl
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sarah Holst
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sandin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Hälsovägen 7, S-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
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Journigan VB, Polgar WE, Tuan EW, Lu J, Daga PR, Zaveri NT. Probing ligand recognition of the opioid pan antagonist AT-076 at nociceptin, kappa, mu, and delta opioid receptors through structure-activity relationships. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13255. [PMID: 29038479 PMCID: PMC5643385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few opioid ligands binding to the three classic opioid receptor subtypes, mu, kappa and delta, have high affinity at the fourth opioid receptor, the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP). We recently reported the discovery of AT-076 (1), (R)-7-hydroxy-N-((S)-1-(4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide, a pan antagonist with nanomolar affinity for all four subtypes. Since AT-076 binds with high affinity at all four subtypes, we conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to probe ligand recognition features important for pan opioid receptor activity, using chemical modifications of key pharmacophoric groups. SAR analysis of the resulting analogs suggests that for the NOP receptor, the entire AT-076 scaffold is crucial for high binding affinity, but the binding mode is likely different from that of NOP antagonists C-24 and SB-612111 bound in the NOP crystal structure. On the other hand, modifications of the 3-hydroxyphenyl pharmacophore, but not the 7-hydroxy Tic pharmacophore, are better tolerated at kappa and mu receptors and yield very high affinity multifunctional (e.g. 12) or highly selective (e.g. 16) kappa ligands. With the availability of the opioid receptor crystal structures, our SAR analysis of the common chemotype of AT-076 suggests rational approaches to modulate binding selectivity, enabling the design of multifunctional or selective opioid ligands from such scaffolds.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemistry
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Nociceptin
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blair Journigan
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
- Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Willma E Polgar
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Edward W Tuan
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - James Lu
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Pankaj R Daga
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
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da Silva JA, Biagioni AF, Almada RC, de Freitas RL, Coimbra NC. Panicolytic-like effects caused by substantia nigra pars reticulata pretreatment with low doses of endomorphin-1 and high doses of CTOP or the NOP receptors antagonist JTC-801 in male Rattus norvegicus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3009-3025. [PMID: 28856406 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) are connected to the deep layers of the superior colliculus (dlSC). The dlSC, in turn, connect with the SNpr through opioid projections. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) is a natural ligand of a Gi protein-coupled nociceptin receptor (ORL1; NOP) that is also found in the SNpr. Our hypothesis is that tectonigral opioid pathways and intranigral orphanin-mediated mechanisms modulate GABAergic nigrotectal connections. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the role of opioid and NOP receptors in the SNpr during the modulation of defence reactions organised by the dlSC. METHODS The SNpr was pretreated with either opioid or NOP receptor agonists and antagonists, followed by dlSC treatment with bicuculline. RESULTS Blockade of GABAA receptors in the dlSC elicited fear-related defensive behaviour. Pretreatment of the SNpr with naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH), a μ-, δ-, and κ1-opioid receptor antagonist as well as a NOP receptor antagonist, decreased the aversive effect of bicuculline treatment on the dlSC. Either μ-opioid receptor activation or blockade by SNpr microinjection of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and CTOP promoted pro-aversive and anti-aversive actions, respectively, that modulated the defensive responses elicited by bicuculline injection into the dlSC. Pretreatment of the SNpr with the selective NOP receptor antagonist JTC801 decreased the aversive effect of bicuculline, and microinjections of the selective NOP receptor agonist NNC 63-0532 promoted the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that opioid pathways and orphanin-mediated mechanisms have a critical role in modulating the activity of nigrotectal GABAergic pathways during the organisation of defensive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Audrey Franceschi Biagioni
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Almada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil
- Multiuser Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain and Emotions, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14050-220, Brazil.
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Multiuser Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Anatomy and Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Pacifico S, Carotenuto A, Brancaccio D, Novellino E, Marzola E, Ferrari F, Cerlesi MC, Trapella C, Preti D, Salvadori S, Calò G, Guerrini R. Structure- and conformation-activity studies of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor dimeric ligands. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45817. [PMID: 28383520 PMCID: PMC5382891 DOI: 10.1038/srep45817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and the N/OFQ receptor (NOP) constitute a neuropeptidergic system that modulates various biological functions and is currently targeted for the generation of innovative drugs. In the present study dimeric NOP receptor ligands with spacers of different lengths were generated using both peptide and non-peptide pharmacophores. The novel compounds (12 peptide and 7 nonpeptide ligands) were pharmacologically investigated in a calcium mobilization assay and in the mouse vas deferens bioassay. Both structure- and conformation-activity studies were performed. Results demonstrated that dimerization did not modify the pharmacological activity of both peptide and non-peptide pharmacophores. Moreover, when dimeric compounds were obtained with low potency peptide pharmacophores, dimerization recovered ligand potency. This effect depends on the doubling of the C-terminal address sequence rather than the presence of an additional N-terminal message sequence or modifications of peptide conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Agraria (QuaSic.A.Tec.), Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 – Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Perrey DA, Li JX, Zhang Y. Modified synthesis of NOP receptor antagonist SB612111. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2017; 49:1394-1400. [PMID: 31571700 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
SB612111 ((5S,7S)-7-{[4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-ol) is a potent and selective antagonist of the nociception/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor. In the process of synthesizing cis-SB612111 to support ongoing animal studies, several key steps of the published syntheses in the patent literature proceeded in low yields in our hands, particularly with the route to the key intermediate piperidine 3, the reduction of amide 14, lactone 17 formation and the final reductive amination between 18 and 3 in the diastereoselective synthesis. We have thus explored various reaction conditions and successfully improved the yields for the necessary synthetic steps. We herein report our modified synthesis of SB612111 as the cis-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Perrey
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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124
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Pucci M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Giusepponi ME, Romano A, Filaferro M, Maccarrone M, Ciccocioppo R, Cifani C, D'Addario C. Epigenetic regulation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and corticotropin-releasing factor system genes in frustration stress-induced binge-like palatable food consumption. Addict Biol 2016; 21:1168-1185. [PMID: 26387568 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that binge eating may be caused by a unique interaction between dieting and stress. We developed a binge-eating model in which female rats with a history of intermittent food restriction show binge-like palatable food consumption after a 15-minute exposure to the sight of the palatable food (frustration stress). The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of the stress neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system and of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) system genes in selective rat brain regions, using our animal model. Food restriction by itself seems to be responsible in the hypothalamus for the downregulation on messenger RNA levels of CRF-1 receptor, N/OFQ and its receptor (NOP). For the latter, this alteration might be due to selective histone modification changes. Instead, CRF gene appears to be upregulated in the hypothalamus as well as in the ventral tegmental area only when rats are food restricted and exposed to frustration stress, and, of relevance, these changes appear to be due to a reduction in DNA methylation at gene promoters. Moreover, also CRF-1 receptor gene resulted to be differentially regulated in these two brain regions. Epigenetic changes may be viewed as adaptive mechanisms to environmental perturbations concurring to facilitate food consumption in adverse conditions, that is, in this study, under food restriction and stressful conditions. Our data on N/OFQ and CRF signaling provide insight on the use of this binge-eating model for the study of epigenetic modifications in controlled genetic and environmental backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Filaferro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy.
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA/NIH, Baltimore,, MD, USA.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Raffa RB, Burdge G, Gambrah J, Kinecki HE, Lin F, Lu B, Nguyen JT, Phan V, Ruan A, Sesay MA, Watkins TN. Cebranopadol: novel dual opioid/NOP receptor agonist analgesic. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 42:8-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy; Tucson AZ USA
| | - G. Burdge
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. Gambrah
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - H. E. Kinecki
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - F. Lin
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - B. Lu
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. T. Nguyen
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - V. Phan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A. Ruan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. A. Sesay
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - T. N. Watkins
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
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126
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Kringel D, Lötsch J. Next-generation sequencing of human opioid receptor genes based on a custom AmpliSeq™ library and ion torrent personal genome machine. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:32-38. [PMID: 27725223 PMCID: PMC5352731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid system is involved in the control of pain, reward, addictive behaviors and vegetative effects. Opioids exert their pharmacological actions through the agonistic binding at opioid receptors and variation in the coding genes has been found to modulate opioid receptor expression or signaling. However, a limited selection of functional opioid receptor variants is perceived as insufficient in providing a genetic diagnosis of clinical phenotypes and therefore, unrestricted access to opioid receptor genetics is required. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow was based on a custom AmpliSeq™ panel and designed for sequencing of human genes related to the opioid receptor group (OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, SIGMA1, OPRL1) on an Ion PGM™ Sequencer. A cohort of 79 previously studied chronic pain patients was screened to evaluate and validate the detection of exomic sequences of the coding genes with 25 base pair exon padding. In-silico analysis was performed using SNP and Variation Suite® software. RESULTS The amplicons covered approximately 90% of the target sequence. A median of 2.54×106 reads per run was obtained generating a total of 35,447 nucleotide reads from each DNA sample. This identified approximately 100 chromosome loci where nucleotides deviated from the reference sequence GRCh37 hg19, including functional variants such as the OPRM1 rs1799971 SNP (118 A>G) as the most scientifically regarded variant or rs563649 SNP coding for μ-opioid receptor splice variants. Correspondence between NGS and Sanger derived nucleotide sequences was 100%. CONCLUSION Results suggested that the NGS approach based on AmpliSeq™ libraries and Ion PGM sequencing is a highly efficient mutation detection method. It is suitable for large-scale sequencing of opioid receptor genes. The method includes the variants studied so far for functional associations and adds a large amount of genetic information as a basis for complete analysis of human opioid receptor genetics and its functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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127
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Anand P, Yiangou Y, Anand U, Mukerji G, Sinisi M, Fox M, McQuillan A, Quick T, Korchev YE, Hein P. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor expression in clinical pain disorders and functional effects in cultured neurons. Pain 2016; 157:1960-1969. [PMID: 27127846 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP), activated by its endogenous peptide ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), exerts several effects including modulation of pain signalling. We have examined, for the first time, the tissue distribution of the NOP receptor in clinical visceral and somatic pain disorders by immunohistochemistry and assessed functional effects of NOP and μ-opioid receptor activation in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Quantification of NOP-positive nerve fibres within the bladder suburothelium revealed a remarkable several-fold increase in detrusor overactivity (P < 0.0001) and painful bladder syndrome patient specimens (P = 0.0014) compared with controls. In postmortem control human DRG, 75% to 80% of small/medium neurons (≤50 μm diameter) in the lumbar (somatic) and sacral (visceral) DRG were positive for NOP, and fewer large neurons; avulsion-injured cervical human DRG neurons showed similar numbers. NOP immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in injured peripheral nerves (P = 0.0004), and also in painful neuromas (P = 0.025). Calcium-imaging studies in cultured rat DRG neurons demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of capsaicin responses in the presence of N/OFQ, with an IC50 of 8.6 pM. In cultured human DRG neurons, 32% inhibition of capsaicin responses was observed in the presence of 1 pM N/OFQ (P < 0.001). The maximum inhibition of capsaicin responses was greater with N/OFQ than μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO. Our findings highlight the potential of NOP agonists, particularly in urinary bladder overactivity and pain syndromes. The regulation of NOP expression in visceral and somatic sensory neurons by target-derived neurotrophic factors deserves further study, and the efficacy of NOP selective agonists in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiangos Yiangou
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uma Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Mukerji
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sinisi
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fox
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony McQuillan
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hein
- Grünenthal Innovation, Translational Science and Strategy, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
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Matsushima A, Nishimura H, Matsuyama Y, Liu X, Costa T, Shimohigashi Y. Specific affinity-labeling of the nociceptin ORL1 receptor using a thiol-activated Cys(Npys)-containing peptide ligand. Biopolymers 2016; 106:460-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità; Laboratorio Di Farmacologia; Viale Regina Elena 299 Roma Italy
| | - Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Abstract
The cloning of the δ-opioid receptor allowed for the rapid cloning of the two other classically defined opioid receptors, the μ- and κ-opioid receptors. However, several groups cloned a fourth receptor (ORL-1, for opioid receptor-like) that had high homology to the opioid receptors but did not bind any known endogenous opioid peptides (i.e., endorphins) or exogenous opiates. Recently, two independent groups isolated a 17- amino-acid peptide that is an endogenous ligand for ORL-1; one group named it orphanin FQ (OFQ), the other named it nociceptin (N). It was reported that intracerebroventricular administration of this heptadeca peptide (OFQ/N) in mice induced an increased responsiveness to painful stimuli, an effect in striking contrast to the analgesia that is a hallmark of classical opiate drugs. Further research has revealed that OFQ/N has complex effects on pain perception: OFQ/N has been touted as having analgesic, hyperalgesic, and anti opioid properties. In addition to discussing these disparate findings, this review highlights the structural and pharmacological parallels between ORL-1 and opioid receptors as well as their respective endogenous ligands. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:172-184, 1998
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette A. Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
| | - Chris J. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
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130
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Muñoa I, Urizar I, Casis L, Irazusta J, Subirán N. The epigenetic regulation of the opioid system: new individualized prompt prevention and treatment strategies. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2419-26. [PMID: 25974312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most well-known physiological effect associated with opiod system is their efficacy in pain reduction or analgesia, although their effect on a variety of other physiological and physiophological functions has become apparent in recent years. This review is an attempt to clarify in more detail the epigenetic regulation of opioid system to understand with more precision their transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation in multiple pyisiological and pharmacological contexts. The opioid receptors show an epigenetic regulation and opioid peptide precursors by methylation, chromatin remodeling and microRNA. Although the opioid receptor promoters have similarity between them, they use different epigenetic regulation forms and they exhibit different pattern of expression during the cell differentiation. DNA methylation is also confirmed in opioid peptide precursors, being important for gene expression and tissue specificity. Understanding the epigenetic basis of those physiological and physiopathological procesess is essential for the development of individualized prompt prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraia Muñoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Itziar Urizar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis Casis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea Subirán
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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131
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Mela V, Vargas A, Meza C, Kachani M, Wagner EJ. Modulatory influences of estradiol and other anorexigenic hormones on metabotropic, Gi/o-coupled receptor function in the hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:15-26. [PMID: 26232394 PMCID: PMC4732935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The appetite suppressant actions of estradiol are due to its ability to attenuate orexigenic signals and potentiate anorexigenic signals. The work from my laboratory has shown that male guinea pigs are more sensitive to the hyperphagic and hypothermic effects of cannabinoids than their female counterparts. Cannabinoid sensitivity is further dampened by the activational effects of estradiol. This occurs via the hypothalamic feeding circuitry, where estradiol rapidly attenuates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic input onto anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus. This disruption is blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, and associated with increased expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, the ability of estradiol to reduce both the cannabinoid-induced hyperphagia and glutamate release onto POMC neurons is abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor PI 828. The peptide orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) activates opioid receptor-like (ORL)1 receptors to hyperpolarize and inhibit POMC neurons via the activation of postsynaptic G protein-gated, inwardly-rectifying (GIRK) channels. We have demonstrated that the fasting-induced hyperphagia observed in ORL1-null mice is blunted compared to wild type controls. In addition, the ORL1 receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels in POMC neurons from ovariectomized female rats is markedly impaired by estradiol. The estrogenic attenuation of presynaptic CB1 and postsynaptic ORL1 receptor function may be part of a more generalized mechanism through which anorexigenic hormones suppress orexigenic signaling. Indeed, we have found that leptin robustly suppresses the OFQ/N-induced activation of GIRK channels in POMC neurons. Furthermore, its ability to augment excitatory input onto POMC neurons is blocked by PI 828. Thus, estradiol and other hormones like leptin reduce energy intake at least partly by activating PI3K to disrupt the pleiotropic functions of Gi/o-coupled receptors that inhibit anorexigenic POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Mela
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Amanda Vargas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Cecilia Meza
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Malika Kachani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
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132
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Hayashi S, Ohashi K, Mihara S, Nakata E, Emoto C, Ohta A. Discovery of small-molecule nonpeptide antagonists of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor: The studies of design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships for (4-arylpiperidine substituted-methyl)-[bicyclic (hetero)cycloalkanobenzene] derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:345-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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133
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Guillemyn K, Starnowska J, Lagard C, Dyniewicz J, Rojewska E, Mika J, Chung NN, Utard V, Kosson P, Lipkowski AW, Chevillard L, Arranz-Gibert P, Teixidó M, Megarbane B, Tourwé D, Simonin F, Przewlocka B, Schiller PW, Ballet S. Bifunctional Peptide-Based Opioid Agonist-Nociceptin Antagonist Ligands for Dual Treatment of Acute and Neuropathic Pain. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3777-92. [PMID: 27035422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the opioid pharmacophore H-Dmt-d-Arg-Aba-β-Ala-NH2 (7) was linked to peptide ligands for the nociceptin receptor. Combination of 7 and NOP ligands (e.g., H-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-Ile-Lys-NH2) led to binding affinities in the low nanomolar domain. In vitro, the hybrids behaved as agonists at the opioid receptors and antagonists at the nociceptin receptor. Intravenous administration of hybrid 13a (H-Dmt-d-Arg-Aba-β-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-Ile-Lys-NH2) to mice resulted in potent and long lasting antinociception in the tail-flick test, indicating that 13a was able to permeate the BBB. This was further supported by a cell-based BBB model. All hybrids alleviated allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain models. Especially with respect to hyperalgesia, they showed to be more effective than the parent compounds. Hybrid 13a did not result in significant respiratory depression, in contrast to an equipotent analgesic dose of morphine. These hybrids hence represent a promising avenue toward analgesics for the dual treatment of acute and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Guillemyn
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Starnowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Camille Lagard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Inserm U1144, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Didero, UMR-S 1144 , Paris, France
| | - Jolanta Dyniewicz
- Neuropeptide Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , 5 Pawinskiego Street, PL 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nga N Chung
- Department of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute , 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Valérie Utard
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS , 67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Piotr Kosson
- Neuropeptide Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , 5 Pawinskiego Street, PL 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Neuropeptide Laboratory, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , 5 Pawinskiego Street, PL 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Inserm U1144, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Didero, UMR-S 1144 , Paris, France
| | - Pol Arranz-Gibert
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Inserm U1144, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Didero, UMR-S 1144 , Paris, France
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS , 67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Department of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute , 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview on drug targets and emerging pharmacological treatment options for chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic pain poses an enormous socioeconomic burden for the more than 30% of people who suffer from it, costing over $600 billion per year in the USA. In recent years, there has been a surge in preclinical and clinical research endeavors to try to stem this epidemic. Preclinical studies have identified a wide array of potential targets, with some of the most promising translational research being performed on novel opioid receptors, cannabinoid receptors, selective ion channel blockers, cytokine inhibitors, nerve growth factor inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, glial cell inhibitors, and bisphosphonates. SUMMARY There are many obstacles for the development of effective medications to treat chronic pain, including the inherent challenges in identifying pathophysiological mechanisms, the overlap and multiplicity of pain pathways, and off-target adverse effects stemming from the ubiquity of drug target receptor sites and the lack of highly selective receptor ligands. Despite these barriers, the number and diversity of potential therapies have continued to grow, to include disease-modifying and individualized drug treatments.
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135
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Toll L, Bruchas MR, Calo' G, Cox BM, Zaveri NT. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor Structure, Signaling, Ligands, Functions, and Interactions with Opioid Systems. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:419-57. [PMID: 26956246 PMCID: PMC4813427 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOP receptor (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor) is the most recently discovered member of the opioid receptor family and, together with its endogenous ligand, N/OFQ, make up the fourth members of the opioid receptor and opioid peptide family. Because of its more recent discovery, an understanding of the cellular and behavioral actions induced by NOP receptor activation are less well developed than for the other members of the opioid receptor family. All of these factors are important because NOP receptor activation has a clear modulatory role on mu opioid receptor-mediated actions and thereby affects opioid analgesia, tolerance development, and reward. In addition to opioid modulatory actions, NOP receptor activation has important effects on motor function and other physiologic processes. This review discusses how NOP pharmacology intersects, contrasts, and interacts with the mu opioid receptor in terms of tertiary structure and mechanism of receptor activation; location of receptors in the central nervous system; mechanisms of desensitization and downregulation; cellular actions; intracellular signal transduction pathways; and behavioral actions with respect to analgesia, tolerance, dependence, and reward. This is followed by a discussion of the agonists and antagonists that have most contributed to our current knowledge. Because NOP receptors are highly expressed in brain and spinal cord and NOP receptor activation sometimes synergizes with mu receptor-mediated actions and sometimes opposes them, an understanding of NOP receptor pharmacology in the context of these interactions with the opioid receptors will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutics that engage the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Brian M Cox
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
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Expression and Localization of Opioid Receptors in Male Germ Cells and the Implication for Mouse Spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152162. [PMID: 27031701 PMCID: PMC4816522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of endogenous opioid peptides in different testicular cell types has been extensively characterized and provides evidence for the participation of the opioid system in the regulation of testicular function. However, the exact role of the opioid system during the spermatogenesis has remained controversial since the presence of the mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors in spermatogenic cells was yet to be demonstrated. Through a combination of quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry approaches, we report for the first time the presence of active mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors in mouse male germ cells. They show an exposition time-dependent response to opioid agonist, hence suggesting their active involvement in spermatogenesis. Our results contribute to understanding the role of the opioid receptors in the spermatogenesis and could help to develop new strategies to employ the opioid system as a biochemical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
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137
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Zaveri NT. Nociceptin Opioid Receptor (NOP) as a Therapeutic Target: Progress in Translation from Preclinical Research to Clinical Utility. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7011-28. [PMID: 26878436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the discovery of the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) and its ligand, nociceptin/orphaninFQ (N/OFQ), steady progress has been achieved in understanding the pharmacology of this fourth opioid receptor/peptide system, aided by genetic and pharmacologic approaches. This research spawned an explosion of small-molecule NOP receptor ligands from discovery programs in major pharmaceutical companies. NOP agonists have been investigated for their efficacy in preclinical models of anxiety, cough, substance abuse, pain (spinal and peripheral), and urinary incontinence, whereas NOP antagonists have been investigated for treatment of pain, depression, and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Translation of preclinical findings into the clinic is guided by PET and receptor occupancy studies, particularly for NOP antagonists. Recent progress in preclinical NOP research suggests that NOP agonists may have clinical utility for pain treatment and substance abuse pharmacotherapy. This review discusses the progress toward validating the NOP-N/OFQ system as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics , 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
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138
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Laureano DP, Dalle Molle R, Alves MB, Luft C, Desai M, Ross MG, Silveira PP. Intrauterine growth restriction modifies the hedonic response to sweet taste in newborn pups - Role of the accumbal μ-opioid receptors. Neuroscience 2016; 322:500-8. [PMID: 26926962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased preference for palatable foods. The hedonic response to sweet taste, modulated by the nucleus accumbens μ-opioid-receptors, may be involved. We investigated hedonic responses and receptor levels in IUGR and Control animals. From pregnancy day 10, Sprague-Dawley dams received either an ad libitum (Control), or a 50% food restricted (FR) diet. At birth, pups were cross-fostered, and nursed by Adlib fed dams. The hedonic response was evaluated at 1 day after birth and at 90 days of life, by giving sucrose solution or water and analyzing the hedonic facial responses (within 60s). Control pups exposed either to water or sucrose resolved their hedonic responses after 16 and 18s, respectively, while FR hedonic responses to sucrose persisted over 20s. FR pups had deceased phospho-μ-opioid-receptor (p=0.009) and reduced phosphor:total mu opioid receptor ratio compared to controls pups (p=0.003). In adults, there was an interaction between group and solution at the end of the evaluation (p=0.044): Control decreased the response after sucrose solution, FR did not change over time. There were no differences in phosphorylation of μ-opioid-receptor in adults. These results demonstrate IUGR newborn rats exhibit alterations in hedonic response accompanied by a decrease in μ-opioid-receptor phosphorylation, though these alterations do not persist at 3 months of age. Opioid system alterations in early life may contribute to the development of preference for highly palatable foods and contribute to rapid weight gain and obesity in IUGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M B Alves
- PPG Neurociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Luft
- Pontífica Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Desai
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, Harbor-UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - M G Ross
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, Harbor-UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - P P Silveira
- PPG Neurociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PPGSCA-HCPA-FAMED UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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139
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New Technologies for Elucidating Opioid Receptor Function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:279-289. [PMID: 26833118 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology, including high resolution crystal structures of opioid receptors, novel chemical tools, and new genetic approaches have provided an unparalleled palette of tools for deconstructing opioid receptor actions in vitro and in vivo. Here we provide a brief description of our understanding of opioid receptor function from both molecular and atomic perspectives, as well as their role in neural circuits in vivo. We then show how insights into the molecular details of opioid actions can facilitate the creation of functionally selective (biased) and photoswitchable opioid ligands. Finally, we describe how newly engineered opioid receptor-based chemogenetic and optogenetic tools, and new mouse lines, are expanding and transforming our understanding of opioid function and, perhaps, paving the way for new therapeutics.
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Saccone PA, Zelenock KA, Lindsey AM, Sulima A, Rice KC, Prinssen EP, Wichmann J, Woods JH. Characterization of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of a NOP Receptor Agonist Ro 64-6198 in Rhesus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:17-23. [PMID: 26801398 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) agonists have been reported to produce antinociceptive effects in rhesus monkeys with comparable efficacy to μ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonists, but without their limiting side effects. There are also known to be species differences between rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) in the behavioral effects of NOP agonists. The aims of this study were the following: 1) to determine if the NOP agonist Ro 64-6198 could be trained as a discriminative stimulus; 2) to evaluate its pharmacological selectivity as a discriminative stimulus; and 3) to establish the order of potency with which Ro 64-6198 produces discriminative stimulus effects compared with analgesic effects in NHPs. Two groups of rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate either fentanyl or Ro 64-6198 from vehicle. Four monkeys were trained in the warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure to measure antinociception. Ro 64-6198 produced discriminative stimulus effects that were blocked by the NOP antagonist J-113397 and not by naltrexone. The discriminative stimulus effects of Ro 64-6198 partially generalized to diazepam, but not to fentanyl, SNC 80, ketocyclazocine, buprenorphine, phencyclidine, or chlorpromazine. Fentanyl produced stimulus effects that were blocked by naltrexone and not by J-113397, and Ro 64-6198 did not produce fentanyl-appropriate responding in fentanyl-trained animals. In measures of antinociception, fentanyl, but not Ro 64-6198, produced dose-dependent increases in tail-withdrawal latency. Together, these results demonstrate that Ro 64-6198 produced stimulus effects in monkeys that are distinct from other opioid receptor agonists, but may be somewhat similar to diazepam. In contrast to previous findings, Ro 64-6198 did not produce antinociception in the majority of animals tested even at doses considerably greater than those that produced discriminative stimulus effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Saccone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Kathy A Zelenock
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Angela M Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Eric P Prinssen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - Jürgen Wichmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
| | - James H Woods
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.A.S., K.A.Z., A.M.L., J.H.W.); National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (A.S., K.C.R.); and Hoffman- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (E.P.P., J.W.)
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141
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Involvement of opioid signaling in food preference and motivation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 229:159-187. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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142
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Lutfy K, Zaveri NT. The Nociceptin Receptor as an Emerging Molecular Target for Cocaine Addiction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:149-81. [PMID: 26810001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a global public health and socioeconomic issue that requires pharmacological and cognitive therapies. Currently there are no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction. However, in preclinical studies, interventions ranging from herbal medicine to deep-brain stimulation have shown promise for the therapy of cocaine addiction. Recent developments in molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry have enabled scientists to identify novel molecular targets along the pathways involved in drug addiction. In 1994, a receptor that showed a great deal of homology to the traditional opioid receptors was characterized. However, endogenous and exogenous opioids failed to bind to this receptor, which led scientists to name it opioid receptor-like receptor, now referred to as the nociceptin receptor. The endogenous ligand of NOPr was identified a year later and named orphanin FQ/nociceptin. Nociceptin and NOPr are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are involved in many physiological responses, such as food intake, nociceptive processing, neurotransmitter release, etc. Furthermore, exogenous nociceptin has been shown to regulate the activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, glutamate, and opioid systems, and the stress circuit. Importantly, exogenous nociceptin has been shown to reduce the rewarding and addictive actions of a number of drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants, alcohol, and opioids. This paper reviews the existing literature on the role of endogenous nociceptin in the rewarding and addictive actions of cocaine. The effect of exogenous nociceptin on these processes is also reviewed. Furthermore, the effects of novel small-molecule NOPr ligands on these actions of cocaine are discussed. Overall, a review of the literature suggests that NOPr could be an emerging target for cocaine addiction pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
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143
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Kiguchi N, Ding H, Ko MC. Central N/OFQ-NOP Receptor System in Pain Modulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 75:217-43. [PMID: 26920014 PMCID: PMC4944813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two decades have passed since the peptide, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), and its cognate (NOP) receptor were discovered. Although NOP receptor activation causes a similar pattern of intracellular actions as mu-opioid (MOP) receptors, NOP receptor-mediated pain modulation in rodents are more complicated than MOP receptor activation. This review highlights the functional evidence of spinal, supraspinal, and systemic actions of NOP receptor agonists for regulating pain. In rodents, effects of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in spinal and supraspinal sites for modulating pain are bidirectional depending on the doses, assays, and pain modalities. The net effect of systemically administered NOP receptor agonists may depend on relative contribution of spinal and supraspinal actions of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor signaling in rodents under different pain states. In stark contrast, NOP receptor agonists produce only antinociception and antihypersensitivity in spinal and supraspinal regions of nonhuman primates regardless of doses and assays. More importantly, NOP receptor agonists and a few bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists do not exhibit reinforcing effects (abuse liability), respiratory depression, itch pruritus, nor do they delay the gastrointestinal transit function (constipation) in nonhuman primates. Depending upon their intrinsic efficacies for activating NOP and MOP receptors, bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists warrant additional investigation in primates regarding their side effect profiles. Nevertheless, NOP receptor-related agonists display a much wider therapeutic window as compared to that of MOP receptor agonists in primates. Both selective NOP receptor agonists and bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists hold great potential as effective and safe analgesics without typical opioid-associated side effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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144
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Chang SD, Brieaddy LE, Harvey JD, Lewin AH, Mascarella SW, Seltzman HH, Reddy PA, Decker AM, McElhinny CJ, Zhong D, Peterson EE, Navarro HA, Bruchas MR, Carroll FI. Novel Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of NOP Receptor Agonist 8-[(1S,3aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one (Ro 64-6198). ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1956-64. [PMID: 26367173 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor is a widely expressed GPCR involved in the modulation of pain, anxiety, and motor behaviors. Dissecting the functional properties of this receptor is limited by the lack of systemically active ligands that are brain permeant. The small molecule NOP receptor-selective, full agonist 8-[(1S,3aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one (Ro 64-6198) hydrochloride is an active, brain penetrant ligand, but its difficult and cost-prohibitive synthesis limits its widespread use and availability for animal studies. Here, we detail a more efficient and convenient method of synthesis, and use both in vitro and in vivo pharmacological assays to fully characterize this ligand. Specifically, we characterize the pharmacodynamics of Ro 64-6198 in cAMP and G-protein coupling in vitro and examine, for the first time, the effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and Ro 64-6198 in arrestin recruitment assays. Further, we examine the effects of Ro 64-6198 on analgesia, anxiety, and locomotor responses in vivo. This new synthesis and pharmacological characterization provide additional insights into the useful, systemically active, NOP receptor agonist Ro 64-6198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Chang
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Basic Research Division, and Department of Anatomy
and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lawrence E. Brieaddy
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Joseph D. Harvey
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Basic Research Division, and Department of Anatomy
and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Anita H. Lewin
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - S. Wayne Mascarella
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Herbert H. Seltzman
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - P. Anantha Reddy
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Charles J. McElhinny
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Desong Zhong
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Elisha E. Peterson
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Basic Research Division, and Department of Anatomy
and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hernán A. Navarro
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Michael R. Bruchas
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Basic Research Division, and Department of Anatomy
and Neurobiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - F. Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
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The Importance of Ligand-Receptor Conformational Pairs in Stabilization: Spotlight on the N/OFQ G Protein-Coupled Receptor. Structure 2015; 23:2291-2299. [PMID: 26526853 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which ligands affect receptor conformational equilibria is key in accelerating membrane protein structural biology. In the case of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), we currently pursue a brute-force approach for identifying ligands that stabilize receptors and facilitate crystallogenesis. The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP) is a member of the opioid receptor subfamily of GPCRs for which many structurally diverse ligands are available for screening. We observed that antagonist potency is correlated with a ligand's ability to induce receptor stability (Tm) and crystallogenesis. Using this screening strategy, we solved two structures of NOP in complex with top candidate ligands SB-612111 and C-35. Docking studies indicate that while potent, stabilizing antagonists strongly favor a single binding orientation, less potent ligands can adopt multiple binding modes, contributing to their low Tm values. These results suggest a mechanism for ligand-aided crystallogenesis whereby potent antagonists stabilize a single ligand-receptor conformational pair.
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146
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Andero R. Nociceptin and the nociceptin receptor in learning and memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:45-50. [PMID: 25724763 PMCID: PMC4458422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many processes in which the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ or nociceptin) is involved in the brain. The role of nociceptin in learning and memory holds promise in modulating these processes in health and disease in the human brain. This review summarizes the body of research focused on N/OFQ and its specific receptor, the nociceptin receptor (NOP receptor), in learning and memory, and its potential mechanisms of action, in which acetylcholine, NMDA receptor, and noradrenaline may be critical. Finally, the association between NOP receptor and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric disorder with altered fear learning, is examined as one of the potential outcomes resulting from pathological consequences of dysregulation of N/OFQ-NOP receptor in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Andero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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147
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Vang D, Paul JA, Nguyen J, Tran H, Vincent L, Yasuda D, Zaveri NT, Gupta K. Small-molecule nociceptin receptor agonist ameliorates mast cell activation and pain in sickle mice. Haematologica 2015; 100:1517-25. [PMID: 26294734 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.128736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of pain with morphine and its congeners in sickle cell anemia is suboptimal, warranting the need for analgesics devoid of side effects, addiction and tolerance liability. Small-molecule nociceptin opioid receptor ligands show analgesic efficacy in acute and chronic pain models. We show that AT-200, a high affinity nociceptin opioid receptor agonist with low efficacy at the mu opioid receptor, ameliorated chronic and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mechanical, thermal and deep tissue/musculoskeletal hyperalgesia in HbSS-BERK sickle mice. The antinociceptive effect of AT-200 was antagonized by SB-612111, a nociceptin opioid receptor antagonist, but not naloxone, a non-selective mu opioid receptor antagonist. Daily 7-day treatment with AT-200 did not develop tolerance and showed a sustained anti-nociceptive effect, which improved over time and led to reduced plasma serum amyloid protein, neuropeptides, inflammatory cytokines and mast cell activation in the periphery. These data suggest that AT-200 ameliorates pain in sickle mice via the nociceptin opioid receptor by reducing inflammation and mast cell activation without causing tolerance. Thus, nociceptin opioid receptor agonists are promising drugs for treating pain in sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Vang
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jinny A Paul
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Huy Tran
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucile Vincent
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kalpna Gupta
- Vascular Biology Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Cong X, Campomanes P, Kless A, Schapitz I, Wagener M, Koch T, Carloni P. Structural Determinants for the Binding of Morphinan Agonists to the μ-Opioid Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135998. [PMID: 26280453 PMCID: PMC4539194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomistic descriptions of the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) noncovalently binding with two of its prototypical morphinan agonists, morphine (MOP) and hydromorphone (HMP), are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Subtle differences between the binding modes and hydration properties of MOP and HMP emerge from the calculations. Alchemical free energy perturbation calculations show qualitative agreement with in vitro experiments performed in this work: indeed, the binding free energy difference between MOP and HMP computed by forward and backward alchemical transformation is 1.2±1.1 and 0.8±0.8 kcal/mol, respectively, to be compared with 0.4±0.3 kcal/mol from experiment. Comparison with an MD simulation of μOR covalently bound with the antagonist β-funaltrexamine hints to agonist-induced conformational changes associated with an early event of the receptor’s activation: a shift of the transmembrane helix 6 relative to the transmembrane helix 3 and a consequent loss of the key R165-T279 interhelical hydrogen bond. This finding is consistent with a previous proposal suggesting that the R165-T279 hydrogen bond between these two helices indicates an inactive receptor conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Cong
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences GmbH, Joint venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (IAS-5), Institute of Advanced Simulation (IAS), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (INM-9), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Pablo Campomanes
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences GmbH, Joint venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (IAS-5), Institute of Advanced Simulation (IAS), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (INM-9), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Achim Kless
- Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Schapitz
- Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Wagener
- Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Koch
- Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences GmbH, Joint venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (IAS-5), Institute of Advanced Simulation (IAS), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Computational Biomedicine section (INM-9), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sibaev A, Fichna J, Saur D, Yuece B, Timmermans JP, Storr M. Nociceptin effect on intestinal motility depends on opioid-receptor like-1 receptors and nitric oxide synthase co-localization. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2015; 6:73-83. [PMID: 26261735 PMCID: PMC4526842 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of the opioid-receptor like-1 (ORL1) agonist nociceptin on gastrointestinal (GI) myenteric neurotransmission and motility.
METHODS: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to localize nociceptin and ORL1 in mouse tissues. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings of excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials (EJP, IJP) were made in a chambered organ bath. Intestinal motility was measured in vivo.
RESULTS: Nociceptin accelerated whole and upper GI transit, but slowed colonic expulsion in vivo in an ORL1-dependent manner, as shown using [Nphe1]NOC and AS ODN pretreatment. ORL1 and nociceptin immunoreactivity were found on enteric neurons. Nociceptin reduced the EJP and the nitric oxide-sensitive slow IJP in an ORL1-dependent manner, whereas the fast IJP was unchanged. Nociceptin further reduced the spatial spreading of the EJP up to 2 cm.
CONCLUSION: Compounds acting at ORL1 are good candidates for the future treatment of disorders associated with increased colonic transit, such as diarrhea or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
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150
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Tajti J, Szok D, Majláth Z, Tuka B, Csáti A, Vécsei L. Migraine and neuropeptides. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:19-30. [PMID: 26094101 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common disabling neurovascular primary headache disorder. The pathomechanism is not clear, but extensive preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing. The structural basis of the leading hypothesis is the trigeminovascular system, which includes the trigeminal ganglion, the meningeal vasculature, and the distinct nuclei of the brainstem, the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. This review covers the effects of sensory (calcitonin gene-related peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and substance P), sympathetic (neuropeptide Y) and parasympathetic (vasoactive intestinal peptide) migraine-related neuropeptides and the functions of somatostatin, nociceptin and the orexins in the trigeminovascular system. These neuropeptides may take part in neurogenic inflammation (plasma protein extravasation and vasodilatation) of the intracranial vasculature and peripheral and central sensitization of the trigeminal system. The results of human clinical studies are discussed with regard to the alterations in these neuropeptides in the plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid during or between migraine attacks, and the therapeutic possibilities involving migraine-related neuropeptides in the acute and prophylactic treatment of migraine headache are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary.
| | - Délia Szok
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Majláth
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Tuka
- MTA - SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Anett Csáti
- MTA - SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary; MTA - SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
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