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Dean C, Le Cabec A, Spiers K, Zhang Y, Garrevoet J. Incremental distribution of strontium and zinc in great ape and fossil hominin cementum using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20170626. [PMID: 29321271 PMCID: PMC5805964 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cementum and the incremental markings it contains have been widely studied as a means of ageing animals and retrieving information about diet and nutrition. The distribution of trace elements in great ape and fossil hominin cementum has not been studied previously. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) enables rapid scanning of large tissue areas with high resolution of elemental distributions. First, we used SXRF to map calcium, phosphorus, strontium and zinc distributions in great ape dentine and cementum. At higher resolution, we compared zinc and strontium distributions in cellular and acellular cementum in regions where clear incremental markings were expressed. We then mapped trace element distributions in fossil hominin dentine and cementum from the 1.55-1.65 million year old site of Koobi Fora, Kenya. Zinc, in particular, is a precise marker of cementum increments in great apes, and is retained in fossil hominin cementum, but does not correspond well with the more diffuse fluctuations observed in strontium distribution. Cementum is unusual among mineralized tissues in retaining so much zinc. This is known to reduce the acid solubility of hydroxyapatite and so may confer resistance to resorption by osteoclasts in the dynamic remodelling environment of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathryn Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Arora A, Pandey SK, Roychoudhury A, Bhutia O, Tandon R, Gagnani SP, Yadav R. Piezoelectric harvest of osteo-odonto-lamina in modified osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis: A maxillofacial perspective. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2018; 9:167-173. [PMID: 30546231 PMCID: PMC6251291 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_32_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We describe the piezo-osteotomy feasibility in rehabilitation and harvesting of osteo-odonto lamina in modified osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (MOOKP) surgery. Surgery was evaluated regarding operative technique and success of the keratoprosthesis (KPros) in terms of perception to light (+ve) to finger counting (+ve). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 12 patients undergone MOOKP surgery procedures. Harvesting of osteo-odonto-lamina was performed using piezosurgical osteotomy during 2007–2012. Results: The mean follow up was 34 months (range 24–48 months). Of the 12 patients six patients had vision ≥6/12, four patients had vision <6/12, but >6/60 and one patients had vision ≤6/60. KPros was retained and functional in all the eyes after a minimum follow up of 24 months. There was mucosal overgrowth over the optical cylinder occurred in two cases over 4 years follow up which was corrected with trimming. Postoperative complication at donor site was seen in three cases, two cases with exposure of root of adjacent teeth and oro antral fistula in one. Conclusions: This study suggests that piezoelectric harvest of osteo-odonto-lamina is a valuable surgical option in patients undergoing MOOKP surgery, resulting in high success rate with less complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Arora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Pandey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ongkila Bhutia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahil Parvez Gagnani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α augment acidosis-induced rat articular chondrocyte apoptosis via nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent upregulation of ASIC1a channel. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:162-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Drager J, Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Kumar A, Gbureck U, Harvey EJ, Barralet JE. Hypoxia Biomimicry to Enhance Monetite Bone Defect Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1372-1381. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Drager
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edward J. Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jake E. Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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Kang H, Yang K, Xiao L, Guo L, Guo C, Yan Y, Qi J, Wang F, Ryffel B, Li C, Deng L. Osteoblast Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Pathway Activation Restrains Osteoclastogenesis via the Interleukin-33-MicroRNA-34a-Notch1 Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1312. [PMID: 29085370 PMCID: PMC5650688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is a key process for bone homeostasis. Although osteoblast hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway activation results in impaired osteoclastogenesis via the direct regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG), it is unclear whether there are other efficient mediators are involved in osteoblast HIF-1α pathway activation-restrained osteoclast formation. In addition to upregulated OPG, we observed that osteoblast HIF-1α activation led to increased interleukin-33 (IL-33) expression, which was found to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, HIF-1α facilitates IL-33 expression by binding to −1,504/−1,500 bp on the Il-33 promoter. IL-33, thereby, acts on bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) to reduce their osteoclastic differentiation. Moreover, microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p)-inhibited Notch1 activation was observed to play a central role in this process. Thereby, the identification of IL-33-miR-34a-5p-Notch1 pathway in the inhibitory effect of osteoblast HIF-1α pathway on osteoclastogenesis uncovers a new mechanism for understanding the effects of HIF-1α on bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital and Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjun Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS and University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mavridou AM, Bergmans L, Barendregt D, Lambrechts P. Descriptive Analysis of Factors Associated with External Cervical Resorption. J Endod 2017; 43:1602-1610. [PMID: 28807370 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to perform a descriptive analysis of the occurrence of external cervical resorption (ECR) in relation to the patients' characteristics (sex, age, and tooth type) and the potentially involved predisposing factors. METHODS This study includes data on 284 patients (337 teeth with evidence of ECR) referred to the University Hospital Leuven (Leuven, Belgium) and Endo Rotterdam (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) for diagnosis and treatment from 2010 to 2015. The medical history, existing radiographs, and dental records were available for evaluation. Each patient was then interviewed followed by a thorough clinical and radiographic examination. Intraoral pictures using a dental operating microscope and digital camera were taken during clinical examination. The radiographic examination consisted of digital periapical radiography and/or cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. A review of existing literature provided a potential predisposing factor checklist for ECR. The clinical data were correlated with the dental and medical history of each patient in an attempt to identify some potential predisposing factor(s) that could contribute to ECR. The frequency of the occurrence of ECR was correlated with tooth type, sex and age of the patient, and each 1 of the recorded potential predisposing factor(s). RESULTS From the examined teeth (337) with ECR, 175 (54%) were found in male patients and 162 (46%) were found in female patients. In 59% of the cases, more than 1 potential predisposing factor was identified. Most ECR cases were observed on maxillary central incisors (29%) followed by maxillary canines (14%), mandibular molars (14%), and maxillary premolars (11%). In addition, most ECR cases were observed on maxillary teeth (72%). The most frequently appearing factor was orthodontics (45.7%). Other frequently observed factors were trauma (28.5%), parafunctional habits (23.2%), poor oral health (22.9%), malocclusion (17.5%), and extraction of a neighboring tooth (14%). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that ECR is not related to patient sex. ECR occurs most often in the maxillary central incisor. In the majority of the cases, more than 1 potential predisposing factor was identified, indicating that ECR may be mainly multifactorial. The most frequently appearing factors were orthodontics, iatrogenic or accidental trauma, and poor oral health. This information may be helpful in diagnosing ECR at an early stage when screening patients presenting with these predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina M Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Private Practice, Proclin Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars Bergmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dick Barendregt
- Private Practice, Proclin Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Granchi D, Torreggiani E, Massa A, Caudarella R, Di Pompo G, Baldini N. Potassium citrate prevents increased osteoclastogenesis resulting from acidic conditions: Implication for the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181230. [PMID: 28715463 PMCID: PMC5513456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular acidic milieu in bones results in activation of osteoclasts (OC) and inhibition of osteoblasts (OB) causing a net loss of calcium from the skeleton and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Alkalinization through supplementation with potassium citrate (K citrate) has been proposed to limit the osteopenia progression, even though its pharmacological activity in bone microenvironment is not well defined. We evaluated if K citrate was able to prevent the adverse effects that acidic milieu induces on bone cells. OC and OB were maintained in neutral (pH 7.4) versus acidic (pH 6.9) culture medium, and treated with different K citrate concentrations. We evaluated the OC differentiation at seven days, by counting of multinucleated cells expressing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and the activity of mature OC at 14 days, by quantifying of collagen degradation. To evaluate the effects on OB, we analyzed proliferation, mineralization, and expression of bone-related genes. We found that the low pH increased OC differentiation and activity and decreased OB function. The osteoclastogenesis was also promoted by RANKL concentrations ineffective at pH 7.4. Non-cytotoxic K citrate concentrations were not sufficient to steadily neutralize the acidic medium, but a) inhibited the osteoclastogenesis, the collagen degradation, and the expression of genes involved in RANKL-mediated OC differentiation, b) enhanced OB proliferation and alkaline phosphatase expression, whereas it did not affect the in vitro mineralization, and c) were effective also in OC cultures resistant to alendronate, i.e. the positive control of osteoclastogenesis inhibition. In conclusion, K citrate prevents the increase in OC activity induced by the acidic microenvironment, and the effect does not depend exclusively on its alkalizing capacity. These data provide the biological basis for the use of K citrate in preventing the osteopenia progression resulting from low-grade acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Granchi
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Massa
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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108
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Li X, Ye JX, Xu MH, Zhao MD, Yuan FL. Evidence that activation of ASIC1a by acidosis increases osteoclast migration and adhesion by modulating integrin/Pyk2/Src signaling pathway. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2221-2231. [PMID: 28462470 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activated acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is involved in acid-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating activation of the transcription factor NFATc1. These results indicated that ASIC1a activation by extracellular acid may cause osteoclast migration and adhesion through Ca2+-dependent integrin/Pyk2/Src signaling pathway. INTRODUCTION Osteoclast adhesion and migration are responsible for osteoporotic bone loss. Acidic conditions promote osteoclastogenesis. ASIC1a in osteoclasts is associated with acid-induced osteoclastogenesis through modulating transcription factor NFATc1 activation. However, the influence and the detailed mechanism of ASIC1a in regulating osteoclast adhesion and migration, in response to extracellular acid, are not well characterized. METHODS In this study, knockdown of ASIC1a was achieved in bone marrow macrophage cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The adhesion and migration abilities of osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts were determined by adhesion and migration assays, in vitro. Bone resorption was performed to measure osteoclast function. Cytoskeletal changes were assessed by F-actin ring formation. αvβ3 integrin expression in osteoclasts was measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to measure alterations in integrin/Pyk2/Src signaling pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that blockade of ASIC1a using ASIC1a-siRNA inhibited acid-induced osteoclast precursor migration and adhesion, as well as osteoclast adhesion and bone resorption; we also demonstrated that inhibition of ASIC1a decreased the cell surface αvβ3 integrin and β3 protein expression. Moreover, blocking of ASIC1a inhibited acidosis-induced actin ring formation and reduced Pyk2 and Src phosphorylation in osteoclasts and also inhibited the acid-induced association of the αvβ3 integrin/Src/Pyk2. CONCLUSION Together, these results highlight a key functional role of ASIC1a/αvβ3 integrin/Pyk2/Src signaling pathway in migration and adhesion of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - J-X Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - M-H Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
| | - M-D Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - F-L Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China.
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Wehmeyer C, Pap T, Buckley CD, Naylor AJ. The role of stromal cells in inflammatory bone loss. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:1-11. [PMID: 28419440 PMCID: PMC5461090 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, local and systemic bone loss and a lack of compensatory bone repair. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are the most abundant cells of the stroma and a key population in autoimmune diseases such as RA. An increasing body of evidence suggests that these cells play not only an important role in chronic inflammation and synovial hyperplasia, but also impact bone remodelling. Under inflammatory conditions FLS release inflammatory cytokines, regulate bone destruction and formation and communicate with immune cells to control bone homeostasis. Other stromal cells, such as osteoblasts and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, termed osteocytes, are also involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis and are dysregulated during inflammation. This review highlights our current understanding of how stromal cells influence the balance between bone formation and bone destruction. Increasing our understanding of these processes is critical to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies with which to treat bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wehmeyer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - T. Pap
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - A. J. Naylor
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
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Shariff KA, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Fabrication of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate-coated β-TCP granules and evaluation of their osteoconductivity using experimental rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1411-1419. [PMID: 28415432 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has attracted much attention as an artificial bone substitute owing to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. In this study, osteoconductivity of β-TCP bone substitute was enhanced without using growth factors or cells. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), which is known to possess the highest solubility among calcium phosphates, was coated on β-TCP granules by exposing their surface with acidic calcium phosphate solution. The amount of coated DCPD was regulated by changing the reaction time between β-TCP granules and acidic calcium phosphate solution. Histomorphometry analysis obtained from histological results revealed that the approximately 10mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules showed the largest new bone formation compared to DCPD-free β-TCP granules, approximately 2.5mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules, or approximately 27mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules after 2 and 4weeks of implantation. Based on this finding, we demonstrate that the osteoconductivity of β-TCP granules could be improved by coating their surface with an appropriate amount of DCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anuar Shariff
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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111
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Hulley PA, Bishop T, Vernet A, Schneider JE, Edwards JR, Athanasou NA, Knowles HJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha does not regulate osteoclastogenesis but enhances bone resorption activity via prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2. J Pathol 2017; 242:322-333. [PMID: 28418093 PMCID: PMC5518186 DOI: 10.1002/path.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic-angiogenic coupling is promoted by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor, provoking interest in HIF activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve osteoblast mineralization and treat pathological osteolysis. However, HIF also enhances the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. It is therefore essential to determine the full effect(s) of HIF on both the formation and the bone-resorbing function of osteoclasts in order to understand how they might respond to such a strategy. Expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein increased during osteoclast differentiation from CD14+ monocytic precursors, additionally inducing expression of the HIF-regulated glycolytic enzymes. However, HIF-1α siRNA only moderately affected osteoclast differentiation, accelerating fusion of precursor cells. HIF induction by inhibition of the regulatory prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes reduced osteoclastogenesis, but was confirmed to enhance bone resorption by mature osteoclasts. Phd2+/- murine osteoclasts also exhibited enhanced bone resorption, associated with increased expression of resorption-associated Acp5, in comparison with wild-type cells from littermate controls. Phd3-/- bone marrow precursors displayed accelerated early fusion, mirroring results with HIF-1α siRNA. In vivo, Phd2+/- and Phd3-/- mice exhibited reduced trabecular bone mass, associated with reduced mineralization by Phd2+/- osteoblasts. These data indicate that HIF predominantly functions as a regulator of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, with little effect on osteoclast differentiation. Inhibition of HIF might therefore represent an alternative strategy to treat diseases characterized by pathological levels of osteolysis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Hulley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aude Vernet
- BHF Experimental MR Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James R Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick A Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen J Knowles
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Di Pompo G, Lemma S, Canti L, Rucci N, Ponzetti M, Errani C, Donati DM, Russell S, Gillies R, Chano T, Baldini N, Avnet S. Intratumoral acidosis fosters cancer-induced bone pain through the activation of the mesenchymal tumor-associated stroma in bone metastasis from breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54478-54496. [PMID: 28903357 PMCID: PMC5589596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is common in patients with bone metastases (BM), significantly impairing quality of life. The current treatments for CIBP are limited since they are often ineffective. Local acidosis derived from glycolytic carcinoma and tumor-induced osteolysis is only barely explored cause of pain. We found that breast carcinoma cells that prefer bone as a metastatic site have very high extracellular proton efflux and expression of pumps/ion transporters associated with acid-base balance (MCT4, CA9, and V-ATPase). Further, the impairment of intratumoral acidification via V-ATPase targeting in xenografts with BM significantly reduced CIBP, as measured by incapacitance test. We hypothesize that in addition to the direct acid-induced stimulation of nociceptors in the bone, a novel mechanism mediated by the acid-induced and tumor-associated mesenchymal stroma might ultimately lead to nociceptor sensitization and hyperalgesia. Consistent with this, short-term exposure of cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts to pH 6.8 promotes the expression of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators (NGF, BDNF, IL6, IL8, IL1b and CCL5). This is also consistent with a significant correlation between breakthrough pain, measured by pain questionnaire, and combined high serum levels of BDNF and IL6 in patients with BM, and also by immunofluorescence staining showing IL8 expression that was more in mesenchymal stromal cells rather than in tumors cells, and close to LAMP-2 positive acidifying carcinoma cells in BM tissue sections. In summary, intratumoral acidification in BM might promote CIBP also by activating the tumor-associated stroma, offering a new target for palliative treatments in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Costantino Errani
- Orthopaedic Oncology Surgical Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Orthopaedic Oncology Surgical Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shonagh Russell
- Department of Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tokuhiro Chano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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113
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Acidic pH environment induces autophagy in osteoblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46161. [PMID: 28382973 PMCID: PMC5382697 DOI: 10.1038/srep46161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts (OBs) play an important role in bone fracture healing, yet the extreme adverse microenvironment in fracture sites has a negative impact on the survival of OBs. Therefore, it is important to study how OBs behave in the complex fracture microenvironment. Studies have shown that autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and defending the cell against adverse microenvironments. In this study we found the induction of autophagy in OBs at femoral bone fracture sites, which may be a result of ischemia, oxidative stress and hypoxia within the local area. At fracture sites a low pH environment also developed. Until now it has been unclear whether the induction of autophagy in osteoblasts is triggered by the acidic pH environment. Therefore, we cultured OBs in vitro in media of different pH values, and found both autophagy and apoptosis increased in OBs in acidic conditions. However, when autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was used, apoptosis increased significantly compared with that without CQ. Thus indicating that inhibition of autophagy may promote apoptosis in OBs in an acidic environment, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy to decrease cell apoptosis in OBs through the use of drugs that modulate the autophagic state.
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114
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Fouda MA, Alhamad EH, Al-Hajjaj MS, Shaik SA, Alboukai AA, Al-Kassimi FA. A study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific causes of osteoporosis with emphasis on the emphysema phenotype. Ann Thorac Med 2017; 12:101-106. [PMID: 28469720 PMCID: PMC5399683 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_357_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis, the most common extra-pulmonary complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may be related to general causes or COPD-specific causes such as low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and hypoxia. A few studies reported that emphysema is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. However, other workers considered the association to be confounded by low FEV1 and low body mass index (BMI) which cluster with emphysema. AIMS To study the association between osteoporosis and emphysema in a model that includes these potentially confounding factors. METHODS We studied prospectively 52 COPD patients with both high resolution computed tomography and carbon monoxide diffusion coefficient as diagnostic markers of emphysema. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mass density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae and neck of the femur. Vertebral fractures were evaluated using the Genant semiquantitative score. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the following independent variables: age, BMI, FEV1% predicted, PaO2, emphysema score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and dyspnea score as related to BMD. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the serum Vitamin D levels, vertebral fracture score, or BMD between the emphysematous and nonemphysematous patients. Multivariate analysis showed that (in a model including age, BMI, FEV1, PaO2, emphysema score, CRP, and dyspnea score) only reduced BMI, FEV1, and PaO2 were independent risk factors for low BMD. CONCLUSIONS The emphysematous phenotype is not a risk factor for osteoporosis independently of BMI, FEV1, and PaO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ali Fouda
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Shaffi Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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115
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Zhang QB, Li YF, Li MX, Kong LY, Jiang LF, Feng HW, Fan XL. Adenotonsillectomy outcomes regarding bone age and osteocalcin in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. World J Pediatr 2017; 13:158-164. [PMID: 27917446 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-016-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on bone development, quality of life and polysomnography evaluation in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). METHODS Preoperative and postoperative (6 months) physical examination, PSG, bone age (BA) and osteocalcin (OC) evaluation were performed on the selected OSA children (n=92) and the healthy children (n=87). The OSA children were also scored based on the OSA 18-item questionnaire. A two-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate BA and OC changes. RESULTS After AT, 81 (88.04%) OSA children recovered completely, eight (8.70%) achieved remarkable improvements, and three (3.26%) achieved moderate improvements. In the OSA children, postoperative OSA 18-item score and the scores of the five domains were significantly higher than preoperative ones. Compared with the preoperative, body mass index (BMI), weight for age Z-sores, height for age Z-sores, weight for height Z-sores and BMI Z-score in the OSA group 6 months after the operation were significantly increased, but no significant difference was detected between the OSA and the control group. The changes of BA and chronological age in the OSA group were significantly different from those in the control group. Two years after AT, BA between the two groups was no longer significantly different. Preoperative serum OC in the OSA group was lower than that in the control group, but increased to normal levels 6 months after AT. Correlation analysis showed serum OC levels were negatively correlated with apnea hyponea index, obstructive apnea index, arousal index, and lowest oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS After AT, bone growth and development in children with OSA recovered gradually, and the serum OC levels decreased to the normal level. Therefore, preventive measures and positive treatments should be applied to minimize the negative effects of OSA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Biao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yin-Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ming-Xiu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, No.27 East Jiefang Road, Linyi, 276003, China.
| | - Ling-Yu Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Liang-Fu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, No.27 East Jiefang Road, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Hui-Wei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xian-Liang Fan
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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116
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Hiram-Bab S, Neumann D, Gabet Y. Context-Dependent Skeletal Effects of Erythropoietin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017. [PMID: 28629516 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is the main hormone that regulates the production of red blood cells (hematopoiesis), by stimulating their progenitors. Beyond this vital function, several emerging roles have been noted for Epo in other tissues, including neurons, heart, and retina. The skeletal system is also affected by Epo; however, its actions on bone are, as yet, controversial. Here, we review the seemingly contradicting evidence regarding Epo effects on bone remodeling. We also discuss the evidence pointing to a direct vs indirect effect of Epo on the osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell lineages. The current controversy may derive from a context-dependent mode of function of Epo, namely, opposite skeletal actions during bone regeneration and steady-state bone remodeling. Differences in conclusions deriving from the published in vitro studies may thus relate to the different experimental conditions. Taken together, the current state-of-the-art indicates definite Epo effects on bone cells and points to the complexity of the mode of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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117
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Noguchi T, Ebina K, Hirao M, Morimoto T, Koizumi K, Kitaguchi K, Matsuoka H, Iwahashi T, Yoshikawa H. Oxygen ultra-fine bubbles water administration prevents bone loss of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice by suppressing osteoclast differentiation. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1063-1075. [PMID: 27896363 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUB) saline injection prevents bone loss of glucocorti\coid-induced osteoporosis in mice, and OUB inhibit osteoclastogenesis via RANK-TRAF6-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and RANK-p38 MAPK signaling in vitro. INTRODUCTION Ultra-fine bubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties, and they are tested in various medical fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUB) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) model mice. METHODS Prednisolone (PSL, 5 mg) was subcutaneously inserted in 6-month-old male C57BL/6J mice, and 200 μl of saline, OUB-diluted saline, or nitrogen ultra-fine bubbles (NUB)-diluted saline was intraperitoneally injected three times per week for 8 weeks the day after operations. Mice were divided into four groups; (1) control, sham-operation + saline; (2) GIO, PSL + saline; (3) GIO + OUB, PSL + OUB saline; (4) GIO + NUB, PSL + NUB saline. The effects of OUB on osteoblasts and osteoclasts were examined by serially diluted OUB medium in vitro. RESULTS Bone mass was significantly decreased in GIO [bone volume/total volume (%): control vs. GIO 12.6 vs. 7.9; p < 0.01] while significantly preserved in GIO + OUB (GIO vs. GIO + OUB 7.9 vs. 12.9; p < 0.05). In addition, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the distal femur [mean osteoclasts number/bone surface (mm-1)] was significantly increased in GIO (control vs. GIO 6.8 vs. 11.6; p < 0.01) while suppressed in GIO + OUB (GIO vs. GIO + OUB 11.6 vs. 7.5; p < 0.01). NUB did not affect these parameters. In vitro experiments revealed that OUB significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK-TRAF6-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling, RANK-p38 MAPK signaling, and TRAP/Cathepsin K/DC-STAMP mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. OUB did not affect osteoblastogenesis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS OUB prevent bone loss in GIO mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - M Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Morimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Koizumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kitaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Iwahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Mavridou AM, Hauben E, Wevers M, Schepers E, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Understanding external cervical resorption patterns in endodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1116-1133. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.-M. Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU Leuven & University Hospital Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Private Practice; Endo Rotterdam; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - E. Hauben
- Department of Imaging and Pathology; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - M. Wevers
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM); KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - E. Schepers
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU Leuven & University Hospital Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - L. Bergmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU Leuven & University Hospital Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - P. Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU Leuven & University Hospital Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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119
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Montesi M, Panseri S, Dapporto M, Tampieri A, Sprio S. Sr-substituted bone cements direct mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts fate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172100. [PMID: 28196118 PMCID: PMC5308610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Strontium-substituted apatitic bone cements enriched with sodium alginate were developed as a potential modulator of bone cells fate. The biological impact of the bone cement were investigated in vitro through the study of the effect of the nanostructured apatitic composition and the doping of strontium on mesenchymal stem cells, pre-osteoblasts and osteoclasts behaviours. Up to 14 days of culture the bone cells viability, proliferation, morphology and gene expression profiles were evaluated. The results showed that different concentrations of strontium were able to evoke a cell-specific response, in fact an inductive effect on mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and pre-osteoblasts proliferation and an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts activity were observed. Moreover, the apatitic structure of the cements provided a biomimetic environment suitable for bone cells growth. Therefore, the combination of biological features of this bone cement makes it as promising biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dapporto
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Ravenna, Italy
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120
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Mavridou AM, Hauben E, Wevers M, Schepers E, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Understanding External Cervical Resorption in Vital Teeth. J Endod 2016; 42:1737-1751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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121
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Dede AD, Trovas G, Chronopoulos E, Triantafyllopoulos IK, Dontas I, Papaioannou N, Tournis S. Thalassemia-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review on treatment and brief overview of the disease. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3409-3425. [PMID: 27503175 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia-associated osteoporosis constitutes a major complication in patients with thalassemia. This review presents the existing studies on the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis and discusses the management of this debilitating complication. A brief presentation of the disease characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms is also provided. The life expectancy of patients with thalassemia has increased markedly in recent years resulting in the aging of the population and the emergence of new comorbidities. The majority of patients with thalassemia have low bone mineral density and experience lifelong fracture rates as high as 71 %. The pathogenesis of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis (TAO) is multifactorial with anemia and iron overload playing crucial role in its development. Data concerning the prevention and treatment of TAO are extremely limited. We performed a literature research in Pubmed and Scopus to identify interventional studies evaluating the effects of various agents on TAO. Seventeen studies were retrieved. We present the results of these studies as well as a brief overview of TAO including presentation, pathogenesis, and management. Most of the studies identified are of poor quality, are not randomized controlled, and include small number of participants. There are no data concerning effects on fracture rates. Bisphosphonates are the most widely studied agents and among them zoledronic acid is the most well studied. Hormone replacement treatment (HRT) shows beneficial but small effects. Denosumab and strontium ranelate have each been evaluated in only a single study, while there are no data about the effects of anabolic agents. Given the increased life expectancy and the increase in fracture rates with age, more data about the management of TAO are warranted. Moreover, due to the need for lifelong management starting at young age, careful treatment plans which may include sequential treatment may often be required. However, currently, there are no relevant data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dede
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece.
| | - G Trovas
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece
| | - E Chronopoulos
- Orthopedic Department, Konstantopoulion Hospital, University of Athens, Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - I K Triantafyllopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece
| | - N Papaioannou
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece
| | - S Tournis
- Laboratory for Research of Musculoskeletal System "Theodoros Garofalidis", KAT Hospital, University of Athens, 10 Athinas Str., Kifissia, 145 61, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) experience a disproportionate number of fractures for their bone mineral density (BMD). Differences in bone microarchitecture from those without the disease are thought to be responsible. However, the literature is inconclusive. New studies of the microarchitecture using three-dimensional imaging have the advantage of providing in vivo estimates of "bone quality," rather than examining areal BMD alone. There are drawbacks in that most studies have been done on those with less than a 30-year duration of T1DM, and the techniques used to measure vary as do the sites assessed. In addition to the rise in these imaging techniques, very recent literature presents evidence of an intimate relationship between skeletal health and vascular complications in T1DM. The following review provides an overview of the available studies of the bone microarchitecture in T1DM with a discussion of the burgeoning field of complications and skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Rittweger J, Debevec T, Frings-Meuthen P, Lau P, Mittag U, Ganse B, Ferstl PG, Simpson EJ, Macdonald IA, Eiken O, Mekjavic IB. On the combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and bed rest upon bone and mineral metabolism: Results from the PlanHab study. Bone 2016; 91:130-8. [PMID: 27443510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone losses are common as a consequence of unloading and also in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although hypoxia has been implicated as an important factor to drive bone loss, its interaction with unloading remains unresolved. The objective therefore was to assess whether human bone loss caused by unloading could be aggravated by chronic hypoxia. In a cross-over designed study, 14 healthy young men underwent 21-day interventions of bed rest in normoxia (NBR), bed rest in hypoxia (HBR), and hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAmb). Hypoxic conditions were equivalent to 4000m altitude. Bone metabolism (NTX, P1NP, sclerostin, DKK1) and phospho-calcic homeostasis (calcium and phosphate serum levels and urinary excretion, PTH) were assessed from regular blood samples and 24-hour urine collections, and tibia and femur bone mineral content was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Urinary NTX excretion increased (P<0.001) to a similar extent in NBR and HBR (P=0.69) and P1NP serum levels decreased (P=0.0035) with likewise no difference between NBR and HBR (P=0.88). Serum total calcium was increased during bed rest by 0.059 (day D05, SE 0.05mM) to 0.091mM (day D21, P<0.001), with no additional effect by hypoxia during bed rest (P=0.199). HAmb led, at least temporally, to increased total serum calcium, to reduced serum phosphate, and to reduced phosphate and calcium excretion. In conclusion, hypoxia did not aggravate bed rest-induced bone resorption, but led to changes in phospho-calcic homeostasis likely caused by hyperventilation. Whether hyperventilation could have mitigated the effects of hypoxia in this study remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Lau
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Mittag
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bergita Ganse
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip G Ferstl
- Medizinische Klinik I, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Simpson
- MRC/Arthritis UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, University of Nottingham Medical School, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- MRC/Arthritis UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, University of Nottingham Medical School, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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124
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Montesi M, Jähn K, Bonewald L, Stea S, Bordini B, Beraudi A. Hypoxia mediates osteocyte ORP150 expression and cell death in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4248-4254. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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125
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Yala S, Boustta M, Gallet O, Hindié M, Carreiras F, Benachour H, Sidane D, Khireddine H. New synthesis method of HA/P(D,L)LA composites: study of fibronectin adsorption and their effects in osteoblastic behavior for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:140. [PMID: 27534400 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic method to synthesize hydroxyapatite/poly (D,L) lactic acid biocomposite is presented in this study by mixing only the precursors hydroxyapatite and (D,L) LA monomer without adding neither solvent nor catalyst. Three compositions were successfully synthesized with the weight ratios of 1/1, 1/3, and 3/5 (hydroxyapatite/(D,L) lactic acid), and the grafting efficiency of poly (D,L) lactic acid on hydroxyapatite surface reaches up to 84 %. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the hydroxyapatite particles were successfully incorporated into the poly (D,L) lactic acid polymer and X ray diffraction analysis showed that hydroxyapatite preserved its crystallinity after poly (D,L) lactic acid grafting. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that Tg of hydroxyapatite/poly (D,L) lactic acid composite is less than Tg of pure poly (D,L) lactic acid, which facilitates the shaping of the composite obtained. The addition of poly (D,L) lactic acid improves the adsorption properties of hydroxyapatite for fibronectin extracellular matrix protein. Furthermore, the presence of poly (D,L) lactic acid on hydroxyapatite surface coated with fibronectin enhanced pre-osteoblast STRO-1 adhesion and cell spreading. These results show the promising potential of hydroxyapatite/poly (D,L) lactic acid composite as a bone substitute material for orthopedic applications and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeha Yala
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.
| | - Mahfoud Boustta
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR CNRS 5247, CRBA, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier cedex 5, 34093, France
| | - Olivier Gallet
- ERRMECe, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Site Saint-Martin, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95302, France
| | - Mathilde Hindié
- ERRMECe, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Site Saint-Martin, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95302, France
| | - Franck Carreiras
- ERRMECe, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Site Saint-Martin, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95302, France
| | - Hamanou Benachour
- ERRMECe, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Site Saint-Martin, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95302, France
| | - Djahida Sidane
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
| | - Hafit Khireddine
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria
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126
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Lemma S, Sboarina M, Porporato PE, Zini N, Sonveaux P, Di Pompo G, Baldini N, Avnet S. Energy metabolism in osteoclast formation and activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:168-180. [PMID: 27590854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis are energy-consuming processes supported by high metabolic activities. In human osteoclasts derived from the fusion of monocytic precursors, we found a substantial increase in the number of mitochondria with differentiation. In mature osteoclasts, mitochondria were also increased in size, rich of cristae and arranged in a complex tubular network. When compared with immature cells, fully differentiated osteoclasts showed higher levels of enzymes of the electron transport chain, a higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and a lower glycolytic efficiency, as evaluated by extracellular flux analysis and by the quantification of metabolites in the culture supernatant. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation appeared the main bioenergetic source for osteoclast formation. Conversely, we found that bone resorption mainly relied on glycolysis. In fact, osteoclast fuelling with galactose, forcing cells to depend on Oxidative Phosphorylation by reducing the rate of glycolysis, significantly impaired Type I collagen degradation, whereas non-cytotoxic doses of rotenone, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I, enhanced osteoclast activity. Furthermore, we found that the enzymes associated to the glycolytic pathway are localised close to the actin ring of polarised osteoclasts, where energy-demanding activities associated with bone degradation take place. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the energy required for osteoclast differentiation mainly derives from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, whereas the peripheral cellular activities associated with bone matrix degradation are supported by glycolysis. A better understanding of human osteoclast energy metabolism holds the potential for future therapeutic interventions aimed to target osteoclast activity in different pathological conditions of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lemma
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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127
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Okazaki R, Watanabe R, Inoue D. Osteoporosis Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Bone Metab 2016; 23:111-20. [PMID: 27622174 PMCID: PMC5018603 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2016.23.3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that osteoporosis is closely associated with common chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic inflammatory airway disease but now well known to be associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are extremely common in COPD patients, which have significant impacts on their quality of life (QOL), activities of daily life (ADL), respiratory function, and possibly their prognosis. COPD-associated osteoporosis is however extremely under-recognized, hence undertreated. Recent studies have suggested that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality compromise bone strength causing fractures in COPD. In COPD patients, various general clinical risk factors for osteoporosis are present including smoking, older age, low body weight, and physical inactivity. In addition, disease-related risk factors such as decreased pulmonary function, inflammation, glucocorticoid use and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency have been linked to the development of osteoporosis in COPD. Increased awareness of osteoporosis in COPD, especially that of high prevalence of vertebral fractures is called upon among general physicians as well as pulmonologists. Routine screening for osteoporosis and risk assessment of fractures will enable physicians to diagnose COPD patients with comorbid osteoporosis at an early stage. Timely prevention of developing osteoporosis together with appropriate treatment of established osteoporosis may improve QOL and ADL of the COPD patients, preserve their lung function and eventually result in better prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okazaki
- Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
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128
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Reni C, Mangialardi G, Meloni M, Madeddu P. Diabetes Stimulates Osteoclastogenesis by Acidosis-Induced Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30639. [PMID: 27468810 PMCID: PMC4965751 DOI: 10.1038/srep30639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and higher risk of fractures. The role of osteoblasts in diabetes-related osteoporosis is well acknowledged whereas the role of osteoclasts (OCLs) is still unclear. We hypothesize that OCLs participate in pathological bone remodeling. We conducted studies in animals (streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice) and cellular models to investigate canonical and non-canonical mechanisms underlying excessive OCL activation. Diabetic mice show an increased number of active OCLs. In vitro studies demonstrate the involvement of acidosis in OCL activation and the implication of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). In vivo studies confirm the establishment of local acidosis in the diabetic bone marrow (BM) as well as the ineffectiveness of insulin in correcting the pH variation and osteoclast activation. Conversely, treatment with TRPV1 receptor antagonists re-establishes a physiological OCL availability. These data suggest that diabetes causes local acidosis in the BM that in turn increases osteoclast activation through the modulation of TRPV1. The use of clinically available TRPV1 antagonists may provide a new means to combat bone problems associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Reni
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK.,University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
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129
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Ciapetti G, Granchi D, Fotia C, Savarino L, Dallari D, Del Piccolo N, Donati DM, Baldini N. Effects of hypoxia on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells used as a cell therapy for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1087-99. [PMID: 27421741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) occurs as common result of various conditions or develops as a primary entity, with a high freqency in young adults. Because of its tendency toward osteoarthritis requiring total hip arthroplasty, alternative treatments are being advocated, including cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Because osteonecrotic bone is a severely hypoxic tissue, with a 1-3% oxygen tension, the survival and function of multipotent cells is questionable. METHODS In this study, the proliferative, immunophenotypic and osteogenic properties of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs from a clinical series of patients with AVN were evaluated under in vitro conditions mimicking the hypoxic milieu of AVN to verify the rationale for cell therapy. MSCs retrieved from the iliac crest (BM-MSC) were isolated, expanded and induced to osteogenic differentiation under a 2% pO2 atmosphere (hypoxia) in comparison with the standard 21% pO2 (normoxia) that is routinely used in cell culture assays. RESULTS Both proliferation and colony-forming ability were significantly enhanced in hypoxia-exposed BM-MSCs compared with BM-MSCs under normoxia. The expression of bone-related genes, including alkaline phosphatase, Type I collagen, and osteocalcin was significantly increased under hypoxia. Moreover, mineral deposition after osteogenic induction was not hampered, but in some cases even enhanced under low oxygen tension. CONCLUSIONS These findings support autologous cell therapy as an effective treatment to stimulate bone healing in the hypoxic microenvironment of AVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ciapetti
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Granchi
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Fotia
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Savarino
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Conservative Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Del Piccolo
- Conservative Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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130
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Kováčová V, Omelka R, Šarocká A, Šranko P, Adamkovičová M, Toman R, Halenár M, Kolesárová A, Martiniaková M. Histological analysis of femoral bones in rabbits administered by amygdalin. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides are present in several economically important plant foods. Amygdalin, one of the most common cyanoglucoside, can be found abundantly in the seeds of apples, bitter almonds, apricots, peaches, various beans, cereals, cassava and sorghum. Amygdalin has been used for the treatment of cancer, it shows killing effects on cancer cells by release of cyanide. However, its effect on bone structure has not been investigated to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine a possible effect of amygdalin application on femoral bone microstructure in adult rabbits. Four month old rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of three animals each. Rabbits from E group received amygdalin intramuscularly at a dose 0.6 mg.kg-1 body weight (bw) (group E, n = 3) one time per day during 28 days. The second group of rabbits without amygdalin supplementation served as a control (group C, n = 3). After 28 days, histological structure of femoral bones in both groups of rabbits was analysed and compared. Rabbits from E group displayed different microstructure in middle part of the compact bone and near endosteal bone surface. For endosteal border, an absence of the primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was typical. This part of the bone was formed by irregular Haversian and/or by dense Haversian bone tissues. In the middle part of substantia compacta, primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was observed. Cortical bone thickness did not change between rabbits from E and C groups. However, rabbits from E group had a significantly lower values of primary osteons' vascular canals and secondary osteons as compared to the C group. On the other hand, all measured parameters of Haversian canals did not differ between rabbits from both groups. Our results demonstrate that intramuscular application of amygdalin at the dose used in our study affects femoral bone microstructure in rabbits.
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131
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and phenotypically similar subjects without OSAS in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers. The study was conducted on 30 males diagnosed with OSAS and 20 healthy males. All subjects underwent polysomnographic testing. Calcium, phosphorus parathyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, osteocalcin, and beta-CrossLaps (β-CTx) were measured. BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic data with the exception of bone mass index and waist circumference. (p < 0.05). Analyses showed significantly lower BMD measurements in the femoral neck and T-scores in the femoral neck in patients diagnosed with OSAS. Serum β-CTx levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the OSAS group (p = 0.017). In multivariate assessments performed for apnea/hypopnea index values, mean saturation O2 levels were found to be significantly associated with osteocalcin levels and neck BMD. OSAS patients might represent a risk group with respect to loss of BMD and bone resorption. It is important to evaluate bone loss in these patients. Further studies should be carried out on larger study populations to evaluate the effects of chronic hypoxia on BMD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Terzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Zahide Yılmaz
- Department of Neurology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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132
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Yuan FL, Xu MH, Li X, Xinlong H, Fang W, Dong J. The Roles of Acidosis in Osteoclast Biology. Front Physiol 2016; 7:222. [PMID: 27445831 PMCID: PMC4919343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effect of acidosis on the skeletal system has been recognized for almost a century. Although the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated, it appears that acidosis acts as a general stimulator of osteoclasts derived from bone marrow precursors cells and enhances osteoclastic resorption. Prior work suggests that acidosis plays a significant role in osteoclasts formation and activation via up-regulating various genes responsible for its adhesion, migration, survival and bone matrix degradation. Understanding the role of acidosis in osteoclast biology may lead to development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diseases related to low bone mass. In this review, we aim to discuss the recent investigations into the effects of acidosis in osteoclast biology and the acid-sensing molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi, China
| | - Ming-Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi, China
| | - He Xinlong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University Liangxi Road Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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133
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Kim HK, Han HS, Lee KS, Lee DH, Lee JW, Jeon H, Cho SY, Roh HJ, Kim YC, Seok HK. Comprehensive study on the roles of released ions from biodegradable Mg-5 wt% Ca-1 wt% Zn alloy in bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2710-2724. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Wook Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Cho
- R&D Centre, U&I Corporation; Uijongbu Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Jin Roh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
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134
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Ahn H, Lee K, Kim JM, Kwon SH, Lee SH, Lee SY, Jeong D. Accelerated Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Potentiates Osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153886. [PMID: 27077737 PMCID: PMC4831772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts seem to be metabolic active during their differentiation and bone-resorptive activation. However, the functional role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a tetrameric enzyme consisting of an A and/or B subunit that catalyzes interconversion of pyruvate to lactate, in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation is not known. In this study, RANKL treatment induced gradual gene expression and activation of the LDH A2B2 isotype during osteoclast differentiation as well as the LDH A1B3 and B4 isotypes during osteoclast maturation after pre-osteoclast formation. Glucose consumption and lactate production in growth media were accelerated during osteoclast differentiation, together with enhanced expression of H+-lactate co-transporter and increased extracellular acidification, demonstrating that glycolytic metabolism was stimulated during differentiation. Further, oxygen consumption via mitochondria was stimulated during osteoclast differentiation. On the contrary, depletion of LDH-A or LDH-B subunit suppressed both glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in reduced mature osteoclast formation via decreased osteoclast precursor fusion and down-regulation of the osteoclastogenic critical transcription factor NFATc1 and its target genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that RANKL-induced LDH activation stimulates glycolytic and mitochondrial respiratory metabolism, facilitating mature osteoclast formation via osteoclast precursor fusion and NFATc1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Hyun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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135
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Inoue D, Watanabe R, Okazaki R. COPD and osteoporosis: links, risks, and treatment challenges. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:637-48. [PMID: 27099481 PMCID: PMC4820217 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s79638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and its related fractures are common and have significant impacts on quality of life and even respiratory function in patients with COPD. COPD-associated osteoporosis is however extremely undertreated. Recent studies have suggested that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality contribute to bone fragility, causing fractures in COPD patients. Various clinical risk factors of osteoporosis in COPD patients, including older age, emaciation, physical inactivity, and vitamin D deficiency, have also been described. It is critically important for pulmonologists to be aware of the high prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD patients and evaluate them for such fracture risks. Routine screening for osteoporosis will enable physicians to diagnose COPD patients with comorbid osteoporosis at an early stage and give them appropriate treatment to prevent fracture, which may lead to improved quality of life as well as better long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Okazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
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136
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Hiram-Bab S, Neumann D, Gabet Y. Erythropoietin in bone - Controversies and consensus. Cytokine 2016; 89:155-159. [PMID: 26822707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is the main hormone that regulates the production of red blood cells (hematopoiesis), by stimulating their progenitors. Beyond this vital function, several emerging roles have been noted for Epo in other tissues, including neurons, heart and retina. The skeletal system is also affected by Epo, however, its actions on bone are, as yet, controversial. Here, we review the seemingly contradicting evidence regarding Epo effects on bone remodeling. We also discuss the evidence pointing to a direct versus indirect effect of Epo on the osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell lineages. The current controversy may derive from a context-dependent mode of action of Epo, namely opposite skeletal actions during bone regeneration and steady-state bone remodeling. Differences in conclusions from the published in-vitro studies may thus relate to the different experimental conditions. Taken together, these studies indicate a complexity of Epo functions in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Nakamura M, Hiratai R, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Yamashita K. Hydroxyapatite with High Carbonate Substitutions Promotes Osteoclast Resorption through Osteocyte-like Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:259-267. [PMID: 33418638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of ceramic biomaterials in the repair of bone defects varies from materials that purely fill the physical defects of the injured bone to scaffolds that control cellular behaviors. In this study, we investigated the osteoclast formation related to the osteoconductivity of ceramic biomaterials. We performed in vitro cocultures using osteocyte-like cells and bone marrow cells and in vivo implantations of hydroxyapatite with different amounts of carbonate substitutions into rat femurs. The analyses of the cocultures revealed that bone marrow cells differentiated into osteoclasts and were activated to resorb the substratum when grown on hydroxyapatite with higher numbers of carbonate substitutions. This was indicated by the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand that induce osteoclast differentiation by osteocyte-like cells and characteristic resorption pits. The increased osteoclastogenesis in vivo was observed near the hydroxyapatite with more carbonate substitutions after implantation into the rat femurs. These results suggest that the content of carbonate ions in an apatite crystal lattice has an inductive effect on osteoclastogenesis in the vicinity of the implanted ceramic biomaterial. The results contribute to the design of biomaterials that would be resorbed by osteoclasts after fulfilling their primary function as scaffolds for cell growth and eventually bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Rumi Hiratai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Teuvo Hentunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Salonen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
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138
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Orriss IR, Key ML, Hajjawi MOR, Millán JL, Arnett TR. Acidosis is a key regulator of osteoblast ecto-nucleotidase pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) expression and activity. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3049-56. [PMID: 26033523 PMCID: PMC4549203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that acidosis prevents bone nodule formation by osteoblasts in vitro by inhibiting mineralisation of the collagenous matrix. The ratio of phosphate (Pi) to pyrophosphate (PPi) in the bone microenvironment is a fundamental regulator of bone mineralisation. Both Pi and PPi, a potent inhibitor of mineralisation, are generated from extracellular nucleotides by the actions of ecto‐nucleotidases. This study investigated the expression and activity of ecto‐nucleotidases by osteoblasts under normal and acid conditions. We found that osteoblasts express mRNA for a number of ecto‐nucleotidases including NTPdase 1–6 (ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and NPP1‐3 (ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase). The rank order of mRNA expression in differentiating rat osteoblasts (day 7) was Enpp1 > NTPdase 4 > NTPdase 6 > NTPdase 5 > alkaline phosphatase > ecto‐5‐nucleotidase > Enpp3 > NTPdase 1 > NTPdase 3 > Enpp2 > NTPdase 2. Acidosis (pH 6.9) upregulated NPP1 mRNA (2.8‐fold) and protein expression at all stages of osteoblast differentiation compared to physiological pH (pH 7.4); expression of other ecto‐nucleotidases was unaffected. Furthermore, total NPP activity was increased up to 53% in osteoblasts cultured in acid conditions (P < 0.001). Release of ATP, one of the key substrates for NPP1, from osteoblasts, was unaffected by acidosis. Further studies showed that mineralised bone formation by osteoblasts cultured from NPP1 knockout mice was increased compared with wildtypes (2.5‐fold, P < 0.001) and was partially resistant to the inhibitory effect of acidosis. These results indicate that increased NPP1 expression and activity might contribute to the decreased mineralisation observed when osteoblasts are exposed to acid conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 3049–3056, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle L Key
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark O R Hajjawi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - José L Millán
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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139
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Cellular Nutrition in Complex Three-Dimensional Scaffolds: A Comparison between Experiments and Computer Simulations. Int J Biomater 2015; 2015:584362. [PMID: 26539216 PMCID: PMC4619933 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on bone cell ingrowth into synthetic, porous three-dimensional (3D) implants showed difficulties arising from impaired cellular proliferation and differentiation in the core region of these scaffolds with increasing scaffold volume in vitro. Therefore, we developed an in vitro perfusion cell culture module, which allows the analysis of cells in the interior of scaffolds under different medium flow rates. For each flow rate the cell viability was measured and compared with results from computer simulations that predict the local oxygen supply and shear stress inside the scaffold based on the finite element method. We found that the local cell viability correlates with the local oxygen concentration and the local shear stress. On the one hand the oxygen supply of the cells in the core becomes optimal with a higher perfusion flow. On the other hand shear stress caused by high flow rates impedes cell vitality, especially at the surface of the scaffold. Our results demonstrate that both parameters must be considered to derive an optimal nutrient flow rate.
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140
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Ceccato F, Bernkopf E, Scaroni C. Sleep apnea syndrome in endocrine clinics. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:827-34. [PMID: 26122486 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic condition with a high prevalence (up to 7 % of the general population) characterized by frequent episodes of upper airway collapse while sleeping. Left untreated, OSAS can cause severe complications, including systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and abnormal glucose metabolism. This review aims to summarize the close links between OSAS, endocrinology, and metabolism. In patients with metabolic syndrome, OSAS is an independent risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes and a worsening glycemic control. The accumulation of adipose tissue in the neck and limited chest wall dynamics, hypoxia, and local micro-inflammation link visceral obesity closely with OSAS. There is now an abundance of convincing data indicating that promoting lifestyle changes, improving sleep hygiene, and adjusting diet can ameliorate both metabolic syndrome and OSAS, especially in obese patients. The incidence of OSAS in acromegaly is high, though GH treatments seem to be unrelated to the onset of apnea in GH-deficient individuals. Prospective studies have suggested an association between hypertension and OSAS because intermittent nocturnal hypoxia prompts an increase in sympathetic tone, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation: aldosterone excess may have a pathophysiological role, and some authors have reported that treating OSAS leads to a modest, but significant, reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ceccato
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Ospedale Civile, 105, 35128, Padua, Italy,
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141
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Youn JC, Lee SJ, Lee HS, Oh J, Hong N, Park S, Lee SH, Choi D, Rhee Y, Kang SM. Exercise capacity independently predicts bone mineral density and proximal femoral geometry in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2121-9. [PMID: 25963233 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Heart failure is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. We evaluated the prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis in hospitalized patients with ADHF using quantitative computed tomography. Osteoporosis and vertebral fracture are prevalent in patients with ADHF and exercise capacity independently predicts bone mass and femoral bone geometry. INTRODUCTION Heart failure is associated with reduced bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, the prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis in hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are not well understood. METHODS Sixty-five patients (15 postmenopausal females and 50 males) with ADHF were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. After stabilization of heart failure symptoms, quantitative computed tomography for bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral geometry as well as biochemical, echocardiographic, and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed. RESULTS Fifteen postmenopausal female showed a high prevalence of osteoporosis (40%) and vertebral fracture (53%). Among 50 male patients, 12% had osteoporosis and 32% had osteopenia, while vertebral fracture was found in 12%. Lumbar volumetric BMD (vBMD) was significantly lower in ischemic patients than non-ischemic patients (107.9 ± 47.5 vs. 145.4 ± 40.9 mg/cm(3), p = 0.005) in male. Exercise capacity, indicated by peak oxygen consumption (VO2), was significantly associated with lumbar vBMD (r = 0.576, p < 0.001) and total hip areal BMD (aBMD) (r = 0.512, p = 0.001) and cortical thickness of the femur neck (r = 0.544, p = 0.001). When controlled for age, body mass index, N-terminal proBrain natriuretic protein (NT-proBNP), etiology of heart failure, hemoglobin, and thigh circumference, multivariate regression analysis revealed peak VO2 independently predicted lumbar vBMD (β = 0.448, p = 0.031), total hip aBMD (β = 0.547, p = 0.021), and cortical thickness of the femur neck (β = 0.590, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION In male patients with ADHF, osteoporosis and vertebral fracture are prevalent, and exercise capacity independently predicts bone mass and geometry. Given that heart failure patients with reduced exercise capacity carry a substantial increased risk of fracture, proper osteoporosis evaluation is important in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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142
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Tournis S, Dede AD, Savvidis C, Triantafyllopoulos IK, Kattamis A, Papaioannou N. Effects of teriparatide retreatment in a patient with β-thalassemia major. Transfusion 2015; 55:2905-10. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System “Th. Garofalidis,” Medical School; University of Athens, KAT Hospital
| | - Anastasia D. Dede
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hippokrateion General Hospital
| | - Christos Savvidis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hippokrateion General Hospital
| | - Ioannis K. Triantafyllopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System “Th. Garofalidis,” Medical School; University of Athens, KAT Hospital
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics; University of Athens, “Aghia Sofia” Children's Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System “Th. Garofalidis,” Medical School; University of Athens, KAT Hospital
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143
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Simkin J, Sammarco MC, Dawson LA, Tucker C, Taylor LJ, Van Meter K, Muneoka K. Epidermal closure regulates histolysis during mammalian (Mus) digit regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:106-19. [PMID: 27499872 PMCID: PMC4895321 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian digit regeneration progresses through consistent stages: histolysis, inflammation, epidermal closure, blastema formation, and finally redifferentiation. What we do not yet know is how each stage can affect others. Questions of stage timing, tissue interactions, and microenvironmental states are becoming increasingly important as we look toward solutions for whole limb regeneration. This study focuses on the timing of epidermal closure which, in mammals, is delayed compared to more regenerative animals like the axolotl. We use a standard wound closure device, Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate), to induce earlier epidermal closure, and we evaluate the effect of fast epidermal closure on histolysis, blastema formation, and redifferentiation. We find that fast epidermal closure is reliant upon a hypoxic microenvironment. Additionally, early epidermal closure eliminates the histolysis stage and results in a regenerate that more closely replicates the amputated structure. We show that tools like Dermabond and oxygen are able to independently influence the various stages of regeneration enabling us to uncouple histolysis, wound closure, and other regenerative events. With this study, we start to understand how each stage of mammalian digit regeneration is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Simkin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA; Department of Biology University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Mimi C Sammarco
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA
| | - Lindsay A Dawson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Catherine Tucker
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA
| | - Louis J Taylor
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA
| | - Keith Van Meter
- Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana 70112 USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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144
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signalling is intricately involved in coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone development and repair. Activation of HIFs in response to a hypoxic bone micro-environment stimulates the transcription of multiple genes with effects on angiogenesis, precursor cell recruitment and differentiation. Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which oxygen content regulates the levels and activity of HIFs. In particular, the discovery of the role of oxygen-dependent hydroxylase enzymes in modulating the activity of HIF-1α has sparked interest in potentially promising therapeutic strategies in multiple clinical fields and most recently bone healing. Several small molecules, termed hypoxia mimics, have been identified as activators of the HIF pathway and have demonstrated augmentation of both bone vascularity and bone regeneration in vivo. In this review we discuss key elements of the hypoxic signalling pathway and its role in bone regeneration. Current strategies for the manipulation of this pathway for enhancing bone repair are presented with an emphasis on recent pre-clinical in vivo investigations. These findings suggest promising approaches for the development of therapies to improve bone repair and tissue engineering strategies.
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145
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Healing of rabbit calvarial critical-sized defects using autogenous bone grafts and fibrin glue. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:581-7. [PMID: 25391980 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate ossification of cranial bone defects comparing the healing of a single piece of autogenous calvarial bone representing a bone flap as in cranioplasty compared to particulated bone slurry with and without fibrin glue to represent bone collected during cranioplasty. These defect-filling materials were then compared to empty control cranial defects. METHODS Ten White New Zealand adult male rabbits had bilateral critical-sized calvarial defects which were left either unfilled as control defects or filled with a single full-thickness piece of autogenous bone, particulated bone, or particulated bone combined with fibrin glue. The defects were left to heal for 6 weeks postoperatively before termination. CT scans of the calvarial specimens were performed. Histomorphometric assessment of hematoxylin-eosin- and Masson trichrome-stained specimens was used to analyze the proportion of new bone and fibrous tissue in the calvarial defects. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in both bone and soft tissue present in all the autogenous bone-grafted defect sites compared to the empty negative control defects. These findings were supported by CT scan findings. While fibrin glue combined with the particulated bone seemed to delay ossification, the healing was more complete compared to empty control non-grafted defects. CONCLUSIONS Autogenous bone grafts in various forms such as solid bone flaps or particulated bone treated with fibrin glue were associated with bone healing which was superior to the empty control defects.
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146
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Sarkar M, Bhardwaj R, Madabhavi I, Khatana J. Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2015; 9:5-21. [PMID: 25788838 PMCID: PMC4358421 DOI: 10.4137/ccrpm.s22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lifestyle-related chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is associated with various comorbidities found in all stages of COPD. The comorbidities have significant impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in COPD. Management of comorbidities should be incorporated into the comprehensive management of COPD as this will also have an effect on the outcome in COPD patients. Various comorbidities reported in COPD include cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle dysfunction, anemia, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a significant comorbidity in COPD patients. Various risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, systemic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and the use of oral or inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are responsible for its occurrence in patients with COPD. This review will focus on the prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Sarkar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Bhardwaj
- Department of Cardiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, GCRI, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jasmin Khatana
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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147
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Involvement of the G-protein-coupled receptor 4 in RANKL expression by osteoblasts in an acidic environment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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148
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Swanson CM, Shea SA, Stone KL, Cauley JA, Rosen CJ, Redline S, Karsenty G, Orwoll ES. Obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic bone disease: insights into the relationship between bone and sleep. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:199-211. [PMID: 25639209 PMCID: PMC4572893 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and low bone mass are two prevalent conditions, particularly among older adults-a section of the U.S. population that is expected to grow dramatically over the coming years. OSA, the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, has been linked to multiple cardiovascular, metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory derangements and may have adverse effects on bone. However, little is known about how OSA (including the associated hypoxia and sleep loss) affects bone metabolism. In order to gain insight into the relationship between sleep and bone, we review the growing information on OSA and metabolic bone disease and discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms by which OSA may affect bone metabolism/architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Swanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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149
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Yüceege M, Dülgeroğlu DE, Fırat H, Yalçındağ A. Can sleep apnea be a secondary cause of osteoporosis in young people? Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yüceege
- Department of Chest Diseases and Sleep Clinic; Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Educational and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Deniz Erdoğdu Dülgeroğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Educational and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Hikmet Fırat
- Department of Chest Diseases and Sleep Clinic; Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Educational and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Yalçındağ
- Department of Biochemistry; Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Educational and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
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150
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Molecular actions of ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 caused by extracellular acidification in bone. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22365-73. [PMID: 25479080 PMCID: PMC4284713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidification occurs under physiologic and pathologic conditions, such as exercise, ischemia, and inflammation. It has been shown that acidosis has various adverse effects on bone. In recent years there has been increasing evidence which indicates that ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) is a pH-sensing receptor and mediates a variety of extracellular acidification-induced actions on bone cells and other cell types. Recent studies have shown that OGR1 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function, as well as osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Moreover, OGR1 also regulates acid-induced apoptosis of endplate chondrocytes in intervertebral discs. These observations demonstrate the importance of OGR1 in skeletal development and metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of OGR1 regulation ofosteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and the molecular actions of OGR1 induced by extracellular acidification in the maintenance of bone health.
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