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Deck LM, Whalen LJ, Hunsaker LA, Royer RE, Vander Jagt DL. Activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2 signaling by substituted trans stilbenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1423-1430. [PMID: 28126440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2, which is a member of the cap'n'collar family of transcription factors, is a major regulator of phase II detoxification and anti-oxidant genes as well as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes. The importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in many chronic diseases supports the concept that activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2 signaling may have therapeutic potential. A number of Nrf2 activators have entered into clinical trials. Nrf2 exists in the cytosol in complex with its binding partner Keap1, which is a thiol-rich redox-sensing protein. In response to oxidative and electrophilic stress, select cysteine residues of Keap1 are modified, which locks Keap1 in the Nrf2-Keap1 complex and allows newly synthesized Nrf2 to enter the nucleus. Numerous Nrf2-activating chemicals, including a number of natural products, are electrophiles that modify Keap1, often by Michael addition, leading to activation of Nrf2. One concern with the design of Nrf2 activators that are electrophilic covalent modifiers of Keap1 is the issue of selectivity. In the present study, substituted trans stilbenes were identified as activators of Nrf2. These activators of Nrf2 are not highly electrophilic and therefore are unlikely to activate Nrf2 through covalent modification of Keap1. Dose-response studies demonstrated that a range of substituents on either ring of the trans stilbenes, especially fluorine and methoxy substituents, influenced not only the sensitivity to activation, reflected in EC50 values, but also the extent of activation, which suggests that multiple mechanisms are involved in the activation of Nrf2. The stilbene backbone appears to be a privileged scaffold for development of a new class of Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Deck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Lisa J Whalen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Lucy A Hunsaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Robert E Royer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - David L Vander Jagt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Nakagawa K, Canepa E, Ricciarelli R, Villacorta L, Azzi A, Meydani M. Modulation of cAMP levels by high-fat diet and curcumin and regulatory effects on CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter gene expression. Biofactors 2017; 43:42-53. [PMID: 27355903 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric (Curcuma longa), reduces inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity in several animal studies. In Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), curcumin reduces plasma lipid levels, therefore contributing to a lower accumulation of lipids and to reduced expression of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36/FAT, FABP4/aP2) in peritoneal macrophages. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg diet, for 4 months) may influence plasma and tissue lipid levels in Ldlr-/- mice fed an HFD. In liver, HFD significantly suppressed cAMP levels, and curcumin restored almost normal levels. Similar trends were observed in adipose tissues, but not in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, and kidney. Treatment with curcumin increased phosphorylation of CREB in liver, what may play a role in regulatory effects of curcumin in lipid homeostasis. In cell lines, curcumin increased the level of cAMP, activated the transcription factor CREB and the human CD36 promoter via a sequence containing a consensus CREB response element. Regulatory effects of HFD and Cur on gene expression were observed in liver, less in skeletal muscle and not in brain. Since the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB pathway plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis by increasing lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, an increase in cAMP levels induced by curcumin may contribute to its hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):42-53, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Syeda T Hasan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7432797. [PMID: 27738491 PMCID: PMC5055983 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7432797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1034] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is viewed as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination by protective mechanisms, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors, which lead to the differential expression of some genes involved in inflammatory pathways. The inflammation triggered by oxidative stress is the cause of many chronic diseases. Polyphenols have been proposed to be useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect, associated with antioxidant activity, and inhibition of enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids. This review aims at exploring the properties of polyphenols in anti-inflammation and oxidation and the mechanisms of polyphenols inhibiting molecular signaling pathways which are activated by oxidative stress, as well as the possible roles of polyphenols in inflammation-mediated chronic disorders. Such data can be helpful for the development of future antioxidant therapeutics and new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Concomitant ingestion of lactic acid bacteria and black tea synergistically enhances flavonoid bioavailability and attenuates d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice via modulating glutathione antioxidant system. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:116-124. [PMID: 27736731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Black tea (BT) has been positively linked to improved redox status, while its efficacy is limited due to the low bioavailability of BT flavonoids. In addition to the direct antioxidant activity, flavonoids regulate redox balance via inducing endogenous antioxidants, particularly glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. This work first examined the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and BT alone or in combination on flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism; next, the effect of LAB-fermented BT diet in attenuating oxidative stress in mice and the underlying mechanisms were studied. Phenolic profiles of plasma, urine and feces from healthy mice consuming plain yogurt, BT milk (BTM) or BT yogurt (BTY) were acquired using LC-MS/MS. Plasma antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation level, content of nonprotein thiols and expression of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 were examined in d-galactose-treated mice. Total flavonoid content in plasma following a single dose of BTY attained 0.657 μmol/l, increased by 50% compared with the BTM group. Increased excretion of phenolic metabolite and hippuric acid in urine and feces indicated enhanced metabolism of flavonoids in BTY-fed mice. In the second study, 8-week concomitant LAB-BT treatment of oxidatively stressed mice effectively restored plasma antioxidant capacity and GSH levels, and mitigated lipid peroxidation, which were associated with significant induction of GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes and nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Our results demonstrated the effect of LAB fermentation in enhancing BT flavonoid bioavailability in vivo. The synergistic antioxidant efficacy of LAB-BT diet implied its therapeutic potential in enhancing antioxidant defenses and protecting organisms from oxidative damage.
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105
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Lee MT, Lin WC, Yu B, Lee TT. Antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals and their potential effects on oxidative status in animals - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:299-308. [PMID: 27660026 PMCID: PMC5337908 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress suppresses animal health, performance, and production, subsequently impacting economic feasibility; hence, maintaining and improving oxidative status especially through natural nutrition strategy are essential for normal physiological process in animals. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring antioxidants that could be considered as one of the most promising materials used in animal diets in various forms. In this review, their antioxidant effects on animals are discussed as reflected by improved apparent performance, productivity, and the internal physiological changes. Moreover, the antioxidant actions toward animals further describe a molecular basis to elucidate their underlying mechanisms targeting signal transduction pathways, especially through the antioxidant response element/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 transcription system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - W C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - B Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Saldanha JF, Leal VO, Rizzetto F, Grimmer GH, Ribeiro-Alves M, Daleprane JB, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Mafra D. Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Nrf2 and NF-κB Expressions in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial. J Ren Nutr 2016; 26:401-406. [PMID: 27523436 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, resulting from enhanced antioxidant enzymes production and modulating nuclear factors involved in the inflammation-oxidative stress cycle, as nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). OBJECTIVE The study aim was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on Nrf2 and NF-κB expression in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was performed in 20 nondialyzed CKD patients (62.0 ± 8.0 years old, 45% men, body mass index of 27.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 34.0 ± 13.0 mL/minute). Eleven patients were randomly allocated to "placebo first" (4 weeks placebo; 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day) and 9 to "resveratrol first" (4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day, 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks placebo). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for expression Nrf2 and NF-κB by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were also measured. RESULTS The effect size of Nrf2 supplementation (-0.13, P = .29) and NF-κB (0.09, P = .31) was not significant. There was no difference in proinflammatory biomarkers or antioxidant biomarkers after resveratrol supplementation. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, 500 mg of resveratrol supplementation for 4 weeks had no antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in nondialyzed CKD patients. Additional studies with differing doses and/or time of treatment should be conducted to better elucidate the effects of the resveratrol supplementation in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Saldanha
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Viviane O Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rizzetto
- Division of Nutrition, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Grimmer
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology, INI, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio B Daleprane
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Carraro-Eduardo
- University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Medicine Faculty of Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kumar A, Jha S, Pattanayak SP. Daphnetin ameliorates 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis through Nrf-2-Keap1 and NF-κB pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:439-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Done AJ, Gage MJ, Nieto NC, Traustadóttir T. Exercise-induced Nrf2-signaling is impaired in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:130-8. [PMID: 27109910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of antioxidant defense. Data from animal studies suggest exercise elicits significant increases in Nrf2 signaling, and that signaling is impaired with aging resulting in decreased induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes and greater susceptibility to oxidative damage. We have previously shown that older adults have lower resistance to an oxidative challenge as compared to young, and that this response is modified with physical fitness and phytonutrient intervention. We hypothesized that a single bout of submaximal exercise would elicit increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and that this response to exercise would be attenuated with aging. METHODS Nrf2 signaling in response to 30-min cycling at 70% VO2max was compared in young (23±1y, n=10) and older (63±1, n=10) men. Blood was collected at six time points; pre-exercise, and 10min, 30min, 1h, 4h, and 24h post-exercise. Nrf2 signaling was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by measuring protein expression by western blot of Nrf2 in whole cell and nuclear fractions, and whole cell SOD1, and HMOX, as well as gene expression (RT-PCR) of downstream Nrf2-ARE antioxidants SOD1, HMOX, and NQO1. RESULTS Baseline differences in protein expression did not differ between groups. The exercise trial elicited significant increase in whole cell Nrf2 (P=0.003) for both young and older groups. Nuclear Nrf2 levels were increased significantly in the young but not older group (P=0.031). Exercise elicited significant increases in gene expression of HMOX1 and NQO1 in the young (P=0.006, and P=0.055, respectively) whereas gene expression in the older adults was repressed. There were no significant differences in SOD1 or HMOX1 protein expression. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a single session of submaximal aerobic exercise is sufficient to activate Nrf2 at the whole cell level in both young and older adults, but that nuclear import is impaired with aging. Additionally we have shown repressed gene expression of downstream antioxidant targets of Nrf2 in older adults. Together these translational data demonstrate for the first time the attenuation of Nrf2 activity in response to exercise in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Done
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J Gage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, United States
| | - Nathan C Nieto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
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109
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Ajit D, Simonyi A, Li R, Chen Z, Hannink M, Fritsche KL, Mossine VV, Smith RE, Dobbs TK, Luo R, Folk WR, Gu Z, Lubahn DB, Weisman GA, Sun GY. Phytochemicals and botanical extracts regulate NF-κB and Nrf2/ARE reporter activities in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:49-56. [PMID: 27166148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses associated with neurodegenerative diseases has drawn considerable attention towards understanding the transcriptional signaling pathways involving NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2). Our recent studies with immortalized murine microglial cells (BV-2) demonstrated effects of botanical polyphenols to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses (Sun et al., 2015). In this study, an immortalized rat astrocyte (DI TNC1) cell line expressing a luciferase reporter driven by the NF-κB or the Nrf2/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) promoter was used to assess regulation of these two pathways by phytochemicals such as quercetin, rutin, cyanidin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, as well as botanical extracts from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Sutherlandia frutescens (Sutherlandia) and Euterpe oleracea (Açaí). Quercetin effectively inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and stimulated Nrf2/ARE reporter activity in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Cyanidin and the glycosides showed similar effects but only at much higher concentrations. All three botanical extracts effectively inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity. These extracts were capable of enhancing ARE activity by themselves and further enhanced ARE activity in the presence of LPS. Quercetin and botanical extracts induced Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Interestingly, Ashwagandha extract was more active in inducing Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in DI TNC1 astrocytes as compared to Sutherlandia and Açaí extracts. In summary, this study demonstrated NF-kB and Nrf2/ARE promoter activities in DI TNC1 astrocytes, and further showed differences in ability for specific botanical polyphenols and extracts to down-regulate LPS-induced NF-kB and up-regulate the NRF2/ARE activities in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ajit
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Runting Li
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zihong Chen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark Hannink
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Valeri V Mossine
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Rensheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Cardozo LFMF, Stockler-Pinto MB, Mafra D. Brazil nut consumption modulates Nrf2 expression in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1719-24. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F. M. F. Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Niterói-Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Milena B. Stockler-Pinto
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Niterói-Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Niterói-Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Niterói-Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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111
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Kizil M, Tengilimoglu-Metin MM, Gumus D, Sevim S, Turkoglu İ, Mandiroglu F. Dietary inflammatory index is associated with serum C-reactive protein and protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:404-10. [PMID: 27478547 PMCID: PMC4958643 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Malnutrition and inflammation are reported as the most powerful predictors of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Diet has a key role in modulating inflammation and dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool for assessment of inflammatory potential of diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of DII on dietary intake of HD patients and examine the associations between DII and malnutrition-inflammation markers. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 105 subjects were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary recall, and pre-dialysis biochemical parameters were recorded for each subject. Subjective global assessment (SGA), which was previously validated for HD patients, and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were used for the diagnosis of protein energy wasting. DII was calculated according to average of 3-day dietary recall data. RESULTS DII showed significant correlation with reliable malnutrition and inflammation indicators including SGA (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MIS (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) in HD patients. When the study population was divided into three subgroups according to their DII score, significant increasing trends across the tertiles of DII were observed for SGA score (P = 0.035), serum CRP (P = 0.001), dietary energy (P < 0.001), total fat (P < 0.001), saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.006), and omega-6 fatty acids (P = 0.01) intakes. CONCLUSION This study shows that DII is a good tool for assessing the overall inflammatory potential of diet in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlude Kizil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Merve Tengilimoglu-Metin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Gumus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Sevim
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Turkoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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TU GERILE, ZHANG YUFENG, WEI WEI, LI LANGEN, ZHANG YANMEI, YANG JIA, XING YIQIAO. Allicin attenuates H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in retinal pigmented epithelial cells by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2320-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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113
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Sridhar V, Narnaware S, Kumar P, Kale SB, Majumdar AS. Co-treatment with sulforaphane–zein microparticles enhances the chemopreventive potential of zinc in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis rat model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis of the study was that zinc and sulforaphane will act on common targets MT and Nrf2 in colon, increasing their intracellular levels leading to improvement in DMH induced oxidative stress thereby hindering the process of colon carcinogenesis in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sridhar
- Department of Pharmacology
- Bombay College of Pharmacy
- Mumbai-400098
- India
| | - Sharad Narnaware
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Sandeep B. Kale
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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114
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Machowska A, Carrero JJ, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Therapeutics targeting persistent inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Transl Res 2016; 167:204-13. [PMID: 26173187 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a condition intrinsically linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its other typical sequelae, such as acquired immune dysfunction, protein-energy wasting (PEW), and accelerated vascular aging that promote premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections, the two leading causes of death in CKD patients. Inflammation is a major contributor to complications in CKD, and inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, correlate with underlying causes and consequences of the inflamed uremic phenotype, such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, CVD, PEW, and infections, and are sensitive and independent predictors of outcome in CKD. Therefore, inflammation appears to be a logical target for potential preventive and therapeutic interventions in patients with CKD. Putative anti-inflammatory therapy strategies aiming at preventing complications and improving outcomes in CKD span over several areas: (1) dealing with the source of inflammation (such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal or periodontal disease and depression); (2) providing nonspecific immune modulatory effects by promoting healthy dietary habits and other lifestyle changes; (3) promoting increased use of recognized pharmacologic interventions that have pleiotropic effects; and, (4) introducing novel targeted anticytokine interventions. This review provides a brief update on inflammatory biomarkers and possible therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation and the uremic inflammatory milieu in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Machowska
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Jesus Carrero
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wan J, Yang K, Xu Q, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, He J. Dietary chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation improves foetal survival and reproductive performance in multiparous sows. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a partially hydrolysed product of chitosan, has various important biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science
- Dalian Ocean University
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
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Protection of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Cell Damage by Resveratrol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:2572175. [PMID: 26962394 PMCID: PMC4707352 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2572175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of high-producing dairy cows are likely to be subject to oxidative stress (OS) due to the intensive cell metabolism. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cytoprotective effects of resveratrol against hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced OS in cultured bovine MECs (MAC-T). Pretreatment of MAC-T cells with resveratrol could rescue the decrease in cell viability and resulted in lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after H2O2 exposure. Resveratrol helped MAC-T cells to prevent H2O2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-related cell apoptosis. Moreover, resveratrol induced mRNA expression of multiple antioxidant defense genes in MAC-T cells under normal/oxidative conditions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was required for the cytoprotective effects on MAC-T cells by resveratrol, as knockdown of Nrf2 significantly abolished resveratrol-induced cytoprotective effects against OS. In addition, by using selective inhibitors, we further confirmed that the induction of Nrf2 by resveratrol was mediated through the prolonged activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK pathways but negatively regulated by p38/MAPK pathway. Overall, resveratrol has beneficial effects on bovine MECs redox balance and may be potentially used as a therapeutic medicine against oxidative insult in lactating animals.
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Sarkar R, Mukherjee S, Biswas J, Roy M. Phenethyl isothiocyanate, by virtue of its antioxidant activity, inhibits invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells: HIF-1α as a putative target. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:84-100. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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118
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Jacometo CB, Osorio JS, Socha M, Corrêa MN, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Maternal consumption of organic trace minerals alters calf systemic and neutrophil mRNA and microRNA indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7717-29. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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119
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Leal VO, Saldanha JF, Stockler-Pinto MB, Cardozo LFMF, Santos FR, Albuquerque ASD, Leite M, Mafra D. NRF2 and NF-κB mRNA expression in chronic kidney disease: a focus on nondialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1985-91. [PMID: 26490557 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) mRNA expression in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, comparing with data from hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty nondialysis CKD patients (62.0 ± 8.1 years old, 11 men, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 36.8 ± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), twenty HD patients (55.0 ± 15.2 years old, 13 men, and dialysis vintage of 76.5 ± 46.3 months) and eleven healthy individuals (50.9 ± 8.0 years old, 6 men) were enrolled in the study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for the evaluation of expression of NF-κB and Nrf2 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Nrf2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in nondialysis (1.12 ± 0.57) when compared to HD patients (0.58 ± 0.35, p = 0,006) but similar to healthy individuals (1.13 ± 0.64). Inversely, NF-κB mRNA expression was lower in nondialysis (1.21 ± 0.71) when compared to HD patients (2.08 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) and similar to healthy individuals (1.04 ± 0.22). Nrf2 mRNA was positively correlated with NF-κB mRNA expression in nondialysis CKD patients (r = 0.52, p = 0.02) and healthy individuals (r = 0.77, p < 0.006). By contrast, Nrf2 mRNA was inversely correlated with NF-κB mRNA expression (r = -0.65, p = 0.003) in HD patients. CONCLUSION Nondialysis CKD patients may conserve regular homeostatic balance between Nrf2 and NF-κB expressions, being comparable to healthy individuals. However, HD patients seem to have Nrf2 downregulation and NF-κB upregulation. Thus, the association among Nrf2 and NF-κB expressions and nutritional status, kidney disease progression or immune deregulation deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane O Leal
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Marques do Paraná, 303. Prédio Anexo, 6º andar., Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana F Saldanha
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Marques do Paraná, 303. Prédio Anexo, 6º andar., Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Marques do Paraná, 303. Prédio Anexo, 6º andar., Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alex S D Albuquerque
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maurilo Leite
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Marques do Paraná, 303. Prédio Anexo, 6º andar., Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Cobo G, Qureshi AR, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. C-reactive Protein: Repeated Measurements will Improve Dialysis Patient Care. Semin Dial 2015; 29:7-14. [PMID: 26360923 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a common feature in the uremic phenotype and associates with poor outcomes. The awareness regarding the importance of inflammation assessment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has risen in recent years, and despite the development of novel biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) is still the most measured inflammatory parameter. Notwithstanding, the possible weak points of CRP determination, this biomarker has demonstrated being useful both for guidance in clinical practice and for risk estimation. In addition, regular determination of CRP among dialysis patients has been associated with better outcomes in different dialysis facilities. Because persistent inflammation may be a silent reflection of various pathophysiologic alterations in CKD, it is crucial that inflammatory markers are regularly monitored and therapeutic attempts be made to target this inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cobo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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121
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Paredes-Gonzalez X, Fuentes F, Jeffery S, Saw CLL, Shu L, Su ZY, Kong ANT. Induction of NRF2-mediated gene expression by dietary phytochemical flavones apigenin and luteolin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:440-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Paredes-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Macul Santiago Chile
| | - Sundrina Jeffery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Constance Lay-Lay Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung Li District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
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122
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Uryash A, Bassuk J, Kurlansky P, Altamirano F, Lopez JR, Adams JA. Antioxidant Properties of Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (pGz). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131392. [PMID: 26133377 PMCID: PMC4489838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that oxidative stress is a major component of several chronic diseases has engendered numerous trials of antioxidant therapies with minimal or no direct benefits. Nanomolar quantities of nitric oxide released into the circulation by pharmacologic stimulation of eNOS have antioxidant properties but physiologic stimulation as through increased pulsatile shear stress of the endothelium has not been assessed. The present study utilized a non-invasive technology, periodic acceleration (pGz) that increases pulsatile shear stress such that upregulation of cardiac eNOS occurs, We assessed its efficacy in normal mice and mouse models with high levels of oxidative stress, e.g. Diabetes type 1 and mdx (Duchene Muscular Dystrophy). pGz increased protein expression and upregulated eNOS in hearts. Application of pGz was associated with significantly increased expression of endogenous antioxidants (Glutathioneperoxidase-1(GPX-1), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide, Superoxide Dismutase 1(SOD1). This led to an increase of total cardiac antioxidant capacity along with an increase in the antioxidant response element transcription factor Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. pGz decreased reactive oxygen species in both mice models of oxidative stress. Thus, pGz is a novel non-pharmacologic method to harness endogenous antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge Bassuk
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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123
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Mafra D. Nutritional strategies to reduce inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients. Nutrition 2015; 31:1054. [PMID: 26059382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
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124
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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125
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Seals DR, Kaplon RE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ. You're only as old as your arteries: translational strategies for preserving vascular endothelial function with aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:250-64. [PMID: 24985329 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00059.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction develops with age and increases the risk of age-associated vascular disorders. Nitric oxide insufficiency, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation, induced by upregulation of adverse cellular signaling processes and imbalances in stress resistance pathways, mediate endothelial dysfunction with aging. Healthy lifestyle behaviors preserve endothelial function with aging by inhibiting these mechanisms, and novel nutraceutical compounds that favorably modulate these pathways hold promise as a complementary approach for preserving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachelle E Kaplon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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126
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Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Bermudez B, Muriana FJ, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Squalene targets pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and pathways to modulate over-activation of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Seals DR, Justice JN, LaRocca TJ. Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity. J Physiol 2015; 594:2001-24. [PMID: 25639909 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most nations of the world are undergoing rapid and dramatic population ageing, which presents great socio-economic challenges, as well as opportunities, for individuals, families, governments and societies. The prevailing biomedical strategy for reducing the healthcare impact of population ageing has been 'compression of morbidity' and, more recently, to increase healthspan, both of which seek to extend the healthy period of life and delay the development of chronic diseases and disability until a brief period at the end of life. Indeed, a recently established field within biological ageing research, 'geroscience', is focused on healthspan extension. Superimposed on this background are new attitudes and demand for 'optimal longevity' - living long, but with good health and quality of life. A key obstacle to achieving optimal longevity is the progressive decline in physiological function that occurs with ageing, which causes functional limitations (e.g. reduced mobility) and increases the risk of chronic diseases, disability and mortality. Current efforts to increase healthspan centre on slowing the fundamental biological processes of ageing such as inflammation/oxidative stress, increased senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis and reduced stress resistance. We propose that optimization of physiological function throughout the lifespan should be a major emphasis of any contemporary biomedical policy addressing global ageing. Effective strategies should delay, reduce in magnitude or abolish reductions in function with ageing (primary prevention) and/or improve function or slow further declines in older adults with already impaired function (secondary prevention). Healthy lifestyle practices featuring regular physical activity and ideal energy intake/diet composition represent first-line function-preserving strategies, with pharmacological agents, including existing and new pharmaceuticals and novel 'nutraceutical' compounds, serving as potential complementary approaches. Future research efforts should focus on defining the temporal patterns of functional declines with ageing, identifying the underlying mechanisms and modulatory factors involved, and establishing the most effective lifestyle practices and pharmacological options for maintaining function. Continuing development of effective behavioural approaches for enhancing adherence to healthy ageing practices in diverse populations, and ongoing analysis of the socio-economic costs and benefits of healthspan extension will be important supporting goals. To meet the demands created by rapid population ageing, a new emphasis in physiological geroscience is needed, which will require the collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts of investigators working throughout the translational research continuum from basic science to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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128
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Mandal A, Bishayee A. Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. displays anti-inflammatory responses during chemically induced rat mammary tumorigenesis through simultaneous and differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2426-45. [PMID: 25622256 PMCID: PMC4346844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trianthema portulacastrum, a medicinal and dietary plant, has gained substantial importance due to its various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. We have recently reported that a characterized T. portulacastrum extract (TPE) affords a considerable chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis though the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of TPE during DMBA mammary carcinogenesis in rats by monitoring cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mammary tumors were harvested from our previous study in which TPE (50-200 mg/kg) was found to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis in a dose-response manner. The expressions of intratumor COX-2, HSP90, NF-κB, inhibitory kappaB-alpha (IκBα) and Nrf2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. TPE downregulated the expression of COX-2 and HSP90, blocked the degradation of IκBα, hampered the translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to nucleus and upregulated the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 during DMBA mammary carcinogenesis. These results in conjunction with our previous findings suggest that TPE prevents DMBA-induced breast neoplasia by anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated through simultaneous and differential modulation of two interconnected molecular circuits, namely NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Mandal
- Cancer Therapeutics and Chemoprevention Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
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Pedruzzi LM, Cardozo LFMF, Daleprane JB, Stockler-Pinto MB, Monteiro EB, Leite M, Vaziri ND, Mafra D. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients are associated with down-regulation of Nrf2. J Nephrol 2015; 28:495-501. [PMID: 25585822 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are common features and the main mediators of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its cardiovascular complications. Under normal conditions, oxidative stress activates the transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is the master regulator of genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes and related proteins. The available data on expression of Nrf2 and its key target gene products in CKD patients is limited. We therefore investigated this topic in a group of CKD patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Twenty adult hemodialysis (HD) patients (aged 54.9 ± 15.2 years) and 11 healthy individuals (aged 50.9 ± 8.0 years) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and processed for expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HD patients had significantly lower NQO1 and Nrf2 mRNA expressions (0.58 ± 0.35 vs. 1.13 ± 0.64, p = 0.005), and significantly higher NF-κB expression (2.18 ± 0.8 vs. 1.04 ± 0.22, p = 0.0001) compared to the healthy individuals. The NF-κB expression was inversely correlated with Nrf2 levels (r = -0.54, p < 0.01) in CKD patients. Plasma MDA and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in CKD patients than in the healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of NFκB in the CKD patients' PBMC is coupled to down-regulation of Nrf2 and NQO1 expression. These observations are consistent with recent findings in CKD animals and point to the contribution of the impaired Nrf2 system in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Pedruzzi
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil,
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Xie Z, Sintara M, Chang T, Ou B. Functional beverage of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:32-8. [PMID: 25649891 PMCID: PMC4304560 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the absorption and antioxidant effect of a mangosteen-based functional beverage in humans. The beverage contained mangosteen, aloe vera, green tea, and multivitamins. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with generally healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 60 years of age. Ten men and 10 women participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, treatment and placebo group. Participants received either a daily single dose (245 mL) of the beverage or a placebo. Blood samples were collected from each participant at time points 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. The plasma samples were analyzed by LC/MS for α-mangostin and vitamins B2 and B5. Results indicated that the three analytes were bioavailable, with observed C max at around 1 h. The antioxidant capacity measured with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was increased with a maximum effect of 60% after 1 h, and the elevated antioxidant level lasted at least 6 h. This study demonstrated the bioavailability of α-mangostin and B vitamins from a xanthone-rich beverage and the mechanisms of the increase in plasma antioxidant may be direct effects from antioxidants, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant activity through activation of Nrf2 pathway, and synergism of the antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Xie
- International Chemistry Testing258 Main Street, Suite 202, Milford, Massachusetts
| | - Marsha Sintara
- International Chemistry Testing258 Main Street, Suite 202, Milford, Massachusetts
| | - Tony Chang
- International Chemistry Testing258 Main Street, Suite 202, Milford, Massachusetts
| | - Boxin Ou
- International Chemistry Testing258 Main Street, Suite 202, Milford, Massachusetts
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131
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Could physical exercises modulate Nrf2–Keap1 pathway in chronic kidney disease? Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:44-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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132
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Pine bark extract prevents low-density lipoprotein oxidation and regulates monocytic expression of antioxidant enzymes. Nutr Res 2015; 35:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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133
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Chachay VS, Macdonald GA, Martin JH, Whitehead JP, O'Moore-Sullivan TM, Lee P, Franklin M, Klein K, Taylor PJ, Ferguson M, Coombes JS, Thomas GP, Cowin GJ, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Prins JB, Hickman IJ. Resveratrol does not benefit patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:2092-103.e1-6. [PMID: 24582567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (steatosis), is associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Although weight loss via calorie restriction reduces features of NAFLD, there is no pharmacologic therapy. Resveratrol is a polyphenol that prevents high-energy diet-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in animals by up-regulating pathways that regulate energy metabolism. We performed a placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of resveratrol in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Overweight or obese men diagnosed with NAFLD were recruited from hepatology outpatient clinics in Brisbane, Australia from 2011 through 2012. They were randomly assigned to groups given 3000 mg resveratrol (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) daily for 8 weeks. Outcomes included insulin resistance (assessed by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), hepatic steatosis, and abdominal fat distribution (assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging). Plasma markers of inflammation, as well as metabolic, hepatic, and antioxidant function, were measured; transcription of target genes was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Resveratrol pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed. RESULTS Eight-week administration of resveratrol did not reduce insulin resistance, steatosis, or abdominal fat distribution when compared with baseline. No change was observed in plasma lipids or antioxidant activity. Levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases increased significantly among patients in the resveratrol group until week 6 when compared with the placebo group. Resveratrol did not significantly alter transcription of NQO1, PTP1B, IL6, or HO1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Resveratrol was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks administration of resveratrol did not significantly improve any features of NAFLD, compared with placebo, but it increased hepatic stress, based on observed increases in levels of liver enzymes. Further studies are needed to determine whether agents that are purported to mimic calorie restriction, such as resveratrol, are safe and effective for complications of obesity. Clinical trials registration no: ACTRN12612001135808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique S Chachay
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- School of Medicine Metro-South, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Martin
- School of Medicine Metro-South, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Trisha M O'Moore-Sullivan
- School of Medicine Metro-South, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Lee
- School of Medicine Metro-South, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Franklin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerenaftali Klein
- Queensland Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul J Taylor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maree Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gethin P Thomas
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary J Cowin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Johannes B Prins
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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134
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Picazo A, González-Reyes S, Barrera-Oviedo D, Rodríguez-Arellano ME, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Nrf2 and redox status in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20290-305. [PMID: 25383674 PMCID: PMC4264167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox status associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) was evaluated in prediabetic and diabetic subjects. Total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma and erythrocytes, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured as redox status markers in 259 controls, 111 prediabetics and 186 diabetic type 2 subjects. Nrf2 was measured in nuclear extract fractions from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Nrf2 levels were lower in prediabetic and diabetic patients. TAS, GSH and activity of glutamate cysteine ligase were lower in diabetic subjects. An increase of MDA and superoxide dismutase activity was found in diabetic subjects. These results suggest that low levels of Nrf2 are involved in the development of oxidative stress and redox status disbalance in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica S Jiménez-Osorio
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510 DF, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Picazo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510 DF, Mexico.
| | - Susana González-Reyes
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510 DF, Mexico.
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510 DF, Mexico.
| | - Martha E Rodríguez-Arellano
- Research Department, Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos", ISSSTE, Av. Universidad 1321, Florida 01030 DF, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City 04510 DF, Mexico.
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135
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Stenvinkel P. Obesity--a disease with many aetiologies disguised in the same oversized phenotype: has the overeating theory failed? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:1656-64. [PMID: 25361999 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution has led to metabolic thrift in humans--a genetic heritage that, when exposed to the modern 'obesogenic' milieu with energy-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle, predisposes to obesity. The current paradigm that overeating of easily digestible carbohydrates and the resulting imbalance between energy in and out as the cause of overweight has recently been challenged. Indeed, studies suggest that the host response to various nutrients contributes to overeating and fat accumulation. Alterations in neurotransmitter functions, changes in the epigenome, dysbiosis of gut microbiota and effects of specific nutrients (or lack of such nutrients) on mitochondrial function and signalling pathways may promote fat accumulation independent of calories. Whereas nutrients that stimulate generation of uric acid (such as fructose and purine-rich food) cause insulin resistance and fat accumulation, other nutrients (such as antioxidants, plant food, probiotics, nuts, soy and omega-3) counteract the negative effects of a calorie-rich diet by salutary effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, the specific metabolic effects of different nutrients may be more important than its total energy content. By studying the impact of nutrients on mitochondrial health, as well as the trans-generational impact of nutrients during fetal life, and how specific bacterial species correlate with fat mass accumulation, new dietary targets for obesity management may emerge. Overeating and overshooting of calories could to a large extent represent a symptom rather than a cause of obesity; therefore, hypocaloric diets should probably not be the main, and certainly not the only, focus for treatment of the obese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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136
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Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of betanin: electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 73:119-26. [PMID: 25152328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betanin is a red pigment present in red beetroot. Recently, potential health benefits of betanin-rich beetroot have been suggested. However, little is known regarding the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of betanin. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of betanin to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl free radicals. In addition, we tested in cultured cells the ability of betanin to prevent DNA damage and to induce the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) as well as its down-stream target heme oxygenase1 (HO-1), paraoxonase1 (PON1) and glutathione (GSH). Betanin dose-dependently scavenged DPPH-, galvinoxyl-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals in the ESR and spin trapping studies and prevented hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage as determined by the Comet assay. Furthermore, betanin treatment induced the transcription factor Nrf2 and resulted in an increase of HO-1 protein levels, PON1-transactivation and cellular GSH. Present data suggest that betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells.
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137
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Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhou K, Chen M, Wang M, Jia Y, Song Y, Li Y, Wen A. Dietary ellagic acid improves oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:508-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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138
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Gao B, Doan A, Hybertson BM. The clinical potential of influencing Nrf2 signaling in degenerative and immunological disorders. Clin Pharmacol 2014; 6:19-34. [PMID: 24520207 PMCID: PMC3917919 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s35078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2; encoded in humans by the NFE2L2 gene) is a transcription factor that regulates the gene expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes through a promoter sequence known as the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE). The ARE is a promoter element found in many cytoprotective genes; therefore, Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the ARE-driven cellular defense system against environmental stresses. Agents that target the ARE/Nrf2 pathway have been tested in a wide variety of disorders, with at least one new Nrf2-activating drug now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Examination of in vitro and in vivo experimental results, and taking into account recent human clinical trial results, has led to an opinion that Nrf2-activating strategies – which can include drugs, foods, dietary supplements, and exercise – are likely best targeted at disease prevention, disease recurrence prevention, or slowing of disease progression in early stage illnesses; they may also be useful as an interventional strategy. However, this rubric may be viewed even more conservatively in the pathophysiology of cancer. The activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been widely accepted as offering chemoprevention benefit, but it may be unhelpful or even harmful in the setting of established cancers. For example, Nrf2 activation might interfere with chemotherapies or radiotherapies or otherwise give tumor cells additional growth and survival advantages, unless they already possess mutations that fully activate their Nrf2 pathway constitutively. With all this in mind, the ARE/Nrf2 pathway remains of great interest as a possible target for the pharmacological control of degenerative and immunological diseases, both by activation and by inhibition, and its regulation remains a promising biological target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - An Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brooks M Hybertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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139
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Saponins from Aralia taibaiensis attenuate D-galactose-induced aging in rats by activating FOXO3a and Nrf2 pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:320513. [PMID: 24669284 PMCID: PMC3942195 DOI: 10.1155/2014/320513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to the aging process. In our previous studies, we found that the saponins from Aralia taibaiensis have potent antioxidant activity, suggesting the potential protective activity on the aging. However, the protective effect of the saponins and the possible underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we employed a D-galactose-induced aging rat model to investigate the protective effect of the saponins. We found that D-galactose treatment induced obvious aging-related changes such as the decreased thymus and spleen coefficients, the increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Further results showed that Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and their targeted antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were all inhibited in the aging rats induced by D-galactose treatment. Saponins supplementation showed effective protection on these changes. These results demonstrate that saponins from Aralia taibaiensis attenuate the D-galactose-induced rat aging. By activating FOXO3a and Nrf2 pathways, saponins increase their downstream multiple antioxidants expression and function, at least in part contributing to the protection on the D-galactose-induced aging in rats.
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140
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Stenvinkel P, Johnson RJ. Kidney biomimicry--a rediscovered scientific field that could provide hope to patients with kidney disease. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:584-90. [PMID: 24220764 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on kidney disease have relied on classic experimental studies in mice and rats or clinical studies in humans. From such studies much understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of kidney disease has been obtained. However, breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases have been relatively few, and new approaches to fight kidney disease are needed. Here we discuss kidney biomimicry as a new approach to understand kidney disease. Examples are given of how various animals have developed ways to prevent or respond to kidney failure, how to protect themselves from hypoxia or oxidative stress and from the scourge of hyperglycemia. We suggest that investigation of evolutionary biology and comparative physiology might provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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