101
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Bitar N, Potvin S. Loss anticipation and outcome during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4749. [PMID: 29761060 PMCID: PMC5949205 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls. Methods All functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt. Discussion Considering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bitar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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102
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Casey BJ, Cannonier T, Conley MI, Cohen AO, Barch DM, Heitzeg MM, Soules ME, Teslovich T, Dellarco DV, Garavan H, Orr CA, Wager TD, Banich MT, Speer NK, Sutherland MT, Riedel MC, Dick AS, Bjork JM, Thomas KM, Chaarani B, Mejia MH, Hagler DJ, Daniela Cornejo M, Sicat CS, Harms MP, Dosenbach NUF, Rosenberg M, Earl E, Bartsch H, Watts R, Polimeni JR, Kuperman JM, Fair DA, Dale AM. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:43-54. [PMID: 29567376 PMCID: PMC5999559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1011] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9–10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | | | - May I Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Alexandra O Cohen
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences and Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Mary E Soules
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Theresa Teslovich
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Danielle V Dellarco
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Catherine A Orr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Nicole K Speer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Matthew T Sutherland
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Margie H Mejia
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - M Daniela Cornejo
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Chelsea S Sicat
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | | | - Eric Earl
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health State University, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Richard Watts
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health State University, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
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103
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Gao Y, Mendez K, Li X, Wang MC. Autonomic conditioning to monetary and social stimuli and aggression in children. Aggress Behav 2018; 44:147-155. [PMID: 29098703 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poor conditioning to punishment, such as loud tones or electric shock, has been proposed as an important factor involved in the etiology of aggressive and psychopathic behavior. However, it is not known whether the association holds when monetary or social stimulus is used as the unconditioned stimulus, and if aggressive individuals also have impaired conditioning to rewards. In this study, skin conductance responses in a conditioning task involving both monetary/social reward and punishment as unconditioned stimuli were assessed in 340 male and female 8- to 9-year-old children from the community. Children reported their reactive and proactive aggression using the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ; Raine et al., 2006). Results showed that monetary/social reward and punishment were effective in eliciting physiological classical conditioning in children, and that reduced reward conditioning was associated with high levels of proactive aggression in particular. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between reactive and proactive aggression when examining antisocial behavior in children, and suggest that reward-oriented treatment programs may not be effective for children with more proactive, instrumental aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology; Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York; Brooklyn New York
| | - Krystal Mendez
- Department of Psychology; Brooklyn College of the City University of New York; Brooklyn New York
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark New Jersey
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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104
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Muench C, Wiers CE, Cortes CR, Momenan R, Lohoff FW. Dopamine Transporter Gene Methylation is Associated with Nucleus Accumbens Activation During Reward Processing in Healthy but not Alcohol-Dependent Individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:21-31. [PMID: 29030974 PMCID: PMC6010188 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol's reinforcement is mediated by dopamine signaling in the ventral striatum, which is modulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT). We hypothesized that methylomic variation in the DAT gene (DAT1/SLC6A3) affects DAT expression, thus contributing to differences in brain reward circuitry in individuals with alcohol dependence (ALC). METHODS Blood from 45 recently detoxified ALC and 45 healthy control (HC) individuals was used to assess DNA methylation across 5 functional regions of SLC6A3. Participants completed the monetary incentive delay task in a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Employing regression models, we examined effects of SLC6A3 methylation on nucleus accumbens (NAc) blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses during anticipation of high/low reward/loss. RESULTS Results showed that decreased methylation of the promoter region of SLC6A3 predicted NAc activation during high loss anticipation (p = 0.028) and low loss anticipation (at trend-level; p = 0.057) in HC but not in individuals with ALC. Specifically, percentage of methylation at 2 CpG sites, located -1,001 and -993 base pairs from the transcription start site, accounted for significant variability in NAc activation in the HC group during high (ps ≤ 0.010) and low (ps ≤ 0.006) loss anticipation. There was no effect on reward anticipation. Furthermore, promoter methylation was positively associated with age, which replicates previous findings. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A3 predicts NAc activation during the anticipation of monetary loss in HCs. However, this effect was not present in the ALC group, suggesting that epigenetic regulation of striatal DAT expression might be disrupted in ALC, which may contribute to previously reported differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment in this population. Alternatively, it is possible that a similar relationship in the ALC group remained undetected possibly due to methodological limitations inherent in functional MRI (e.g., poor spatial resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio) that generally restrict interpretations regarding mechanisms of epigenetic factors involved in group differences in BOLD responses. Future neuroimaging studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between SLC6A3 methylation and NAc activation in ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R. Cortes
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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105
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Galandra C, Basso G, Cappa S, Canessa N. The alcoholic brain: neural bases of impaired reward-based decision-making in alcohol use disorders. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:423-435. [PMID: 29188399 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroeconomics is providing insights into the neural bases of decision-making in normal and pathological conditions. In the neuropsychiatric domain, this discipline investigates how abnormal functioning of neural systems associated with reward processing and cognitive control promotes different disorders, and whether such evidence may inform treatments. This endeavor is crucial when studying different types of addiction, which share a core promoting mechanism in the imbalance between impulsive subcortical neural signals associated with immediate pleasurable outcomes and inhibitory signals mediated by a prefrontal reflective system. The resulting impairment in behavioral control represents a hallmark of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by excessive alcohol consumption despite devastating consequences. This review aims to summarize available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence on reward-related decision-making alterations in AUDs, and to envision possible future research directions. We review functional MRI (fMRI) studies using tasks involving monetary rewards, as well as MRI studies relating decision-making parameters to neurostructural gray- or white-matter metrics. The available data suggest that excessive alcohol exposure affects neural signaling within brain networks underlying adaptive behavioral learning via the implementation of prediction errors. Namely, weaker ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity and altered connectivity between ventral striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex likely underpin a shift from goal-directed to habitual actions which, in turn, might underpin compulsive alcohol consumption and relapsing episodes despite adverse consequences. Overall, these data highlight abnormal fronto-striatal connectivity as a candidate neurobiological marker of impaired choice in AUDs. Further studies are needed, however, to unveil its implications in the multiple facets of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Galandra
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cappa
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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106
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Reduced loss aversion in pathological gambling and alcohol dependence is associated with differential alterations in amygdala and prefrontal functioning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16306. [PMID: 29176580 PMCID: PMC5701119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence (AD) include repeated addictive behavior despite severe negative consequences. However, the concept of loss aversion (LA) as a facet of value-based decision making has not yet been used to directly compare these disorders. We hypothesized reduced LA in pathological gamblers (PG) and AD patients, correlation of LA with disorder severity, and reduced loss-related modulation of brain activity. 19 PG subjects, 15 AD patients and 17 healthy controls (HC) engaged in a LA task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging setting. Imaging analyses focused on neural gain and loss sensitivity in the meso-cortico-limbic network of the brain. Both PG and AD subjects showed reduced LA. AD subjects showed altered loss-related modulation of activity in lateral prefrontal regions. PG subjects showed indication of altered amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity. Although we observed reduced LA in both a behavioral addiction and a substance-related disorder our neural findings might challenge the notion of complete neuro-behavioral congruence of substance-use disorders and behavioral addictions.
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107
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Kruse O, Tapia León I, Stark R, Klucken T. Neural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:106-115. [PMID: 27803289 PMCID: PMC5537618 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Appetitive extinction receives attention as an important model for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, in humans, its underlying neural correlates remain unknown. To close this gap, we investigated appetitive acquisition and extinction with fMRI in a 2-day monetary incentive delay paradigm. During appetitive conditioning, one stimulus (CS+) was paired with monetary reward, while another stimulus (CS−) was never rewarded. Twenty-four hours later, subjects underwent extinction, in which neither CS was reinforced. Appetitive conditioning elicited stronger skin conductance responses to the CS+ as compared with the CS−. Regarding subjective ratings, the CS+ was rated more pleasant and arousing than the CS− after conditioning. Furthermore, fMRI-results (CS+ − CS−) showed activation of the reward circuitry including amygdala, midbrain and striatal areas. During extinction, conditioned responses were successfully extinguished. In the early phase of extinction, we found a significant activation of the caudate, the hippocampus, the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC and vACC). In the late phase, we found significant activation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the amygdala. Correlational analyses with subjective ratings linked extinction success to the vACC and the NAcc, while associating the dACC with reduced extinction. The results reveal neural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans and extend assumptions from models for human extinction learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Kruse
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience.,Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabell Tapia León
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience.,Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience.,Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Klucken
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience.,Bender Institute for Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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108
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Bernhardt N, Nebe S, Pooseh S, Sebold M, Sommer C, Birkenstock J, Zimmermann US, Heinz A, Smolka MN. Impulsive Decision Making in Young Adult Social Drinkers and Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1794-1807. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Shakoor Pooseh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Julian Birkenstock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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109
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Boecker-Schlier R, Holz NE, Hohm E, Zohsel K, Blomeyer D, Buchmann AF, Baumeister S, Wolf I, Esser G, Schmidt MH, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M. Association between pubertal stage at first drink and neural reward processing in early adulthood. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1402-1415. [PMID: 27345375 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical time period during human development. It is characterized by high levels of risk-taking behavior, such as increased alcohol consumption, and is accompanied by various neurobiological changes. Recent studies in animals and humans have revealed that the pubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) significantly impacts drinking behavior in adulthood. Moreover, neuronal alterations of the dopaminergic reward system have been associated with alcohol abuse or addiction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of PSFD on neuronal characteristics of reward processing linked to alcohol-related problems. One hundred sixty-eight healthy young adults from a prospective study covering 25 years participated in a monetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. PSFD was determined according to the age at menarche or Tanner stage of pubertal development, respectively. Alcohol-related problems in early adulthood were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). During reward anticipation, decreased fMRI activation of the frontal cortex and increased preparatory EEG activity (contingent negative variation) occurred with pubertal compared to postpubertal first alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol-related problems during early adulthood were increased in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners, which was mediated by neuronal activation of the right medial frontal gyrus. At reward delivery, increased fMRI activation of the left caudate and higher feedback-related EEG negativity were detected in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners. Together with animal findings, these results implicate PSFD as a potential modulator of psychopathology, involving altered reward anticipation. Both PSFD timing and reward processing might thus be potential targets for early prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Nathalie E. Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Erika Hohm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Katrin Zohsel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Dorothea Blomeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Arlette F. Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Isabella Wolf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Günter Esser
- Department of Psychology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - Martin H. Schmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Psychology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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110
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Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Is Associated with Decreased Ventral Striatum Volume and Response to Reward. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5047-54. [PMID: 27147657 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4236-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are two central nodes of the "reward circuit" of the brain. Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated coincident activation and functional connectivity between these brain regions, and animal studies have demonstrated that the vmPFC modulates ventral striatum activity. However, there have been no comparable data in humans to address whether the vmPFC may be critical for the reward-related response properties of the ventral striatum. In this study, we used fMRI in five neurosurgical patients with focal vmPFC lesions to test the hypothesis that the vmPFC is necessary for enhancing ventral striatum responses to the anticipation of reward. In support of this hypothesis, we found that, compared with age- and gender-matched neurologically healthy subjects, the vmPFC-lesioned patients had reduced ventral striatal activity during the anticipation of reward. Furthermore, we observed that the vmPFC-lesioned patients had decreased volumes of the accumbens subregion of the ventral striatum. Together, these functional and structural neuroimaging data provide novel evidence for a critical role for the vmPFC in contributing to reward-related activity of the ventral striatum. These results offer new insight into the functional and structural interactions between key components of the brain circuitry underlying human affective function and decision-making. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Maladaptive decision-making is a common problem across multiple mental health disorders. Developing new pathophysiologically based strategies for diagnosis and treatment thus requires a better understanding of the brain circuits responsible for adaptive decision-making and related psychological subprocesses (e.g., reward valuation, anticipation, and motivation). Animal studies provide evidence that these functions are mediated through direct interactions between two key nodes of a posited "reward circuit," the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). For the first time in humans, we demonstrate that damage to the vmPFC results in decreased ventral striatum activity during reward anticipation. These data provide unique evidence on the causal mechanisms by which the vmPFC and ventral striatum interact during the anticipation of rewards.
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111
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Mechelmans DJ, Strelchuk D, Doñamayor N, Banca P, Robbins TW, Baek K, Voon V. Reward Sensitivity and Waiting Impulsivity: Shift towards Reward Valuation away from Action Control. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:971-978. [PMID: 29020291 PMCID: PMC5716204 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and reward expectancy are commonly interrelated. Waiting impulsivity, measured using the rodent 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time task, predicts compulsive cocaine seeking and sign (or cue) tracking. Here, we assess human waiting impulsivity using a novel translational task, the 4-Choice Serial Reaction Time task, and the relationship with reward cues. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n=29) performed the monetary incentive delay task as a functional MRI study where subjects observe a cue predicting reward (cue) and wait to respond for high (£5), low (£1), or no reward. Waiting impulsivity was tested with the 4-Choice Serial Reaction Time task. RESULTS For high reward prospects (£5, no reward), greater waiting impulsivity on the 4-CSRT correlated with greater medial orbitofrontal cortex and lower supplementary motor area activity to cues. In response to high reward cues, greater waiting impulsivity was associated with greater subthalamic nucleus connectivity with orbitofrontal cortex and greater subgenual cingulate connectivity with anterior insula, but decreased connectivity with regions implicated in action selection and preparation. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a shift towards regions implicated in reward valuation and a shift towards compulsivity away from higher level motor preparation and action selection and response. We highlight the role of reward sensitivity and impulsivity, mechanisms potentially linking human waiting impulsivity with incentive approach and compulsivity, theories highly relevant to disorders of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy J Mechelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Daniela Strelchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Nuria Doñamayor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Paula Banca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon)
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Mechelmans, Ms Strelchuk, Dr Donamayor-Alonso, Dr Banca, Dr Baek, and Dr Voon); KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium (Ms Mechelmans); Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Robbins and Voon); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon),Correspondence: Valerie Voon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level E4, Box 189, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK ()
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Kwako LE, Momenan R, Grodin EN, Litten RZ, Koob GF, Goldman D. Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment: A reverse translational approach. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:254-264. [PMID: 28283392 PMCID: PMC5569299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function are functional domains that are etiologic in the initiation and progression of addictive disorders, having been implicated in humans with addictive disorders and in animal models of addictions. Measures of these three neuroscience-based functional domains can capture much of the effects of inheritance and early exposures that lead to trait vulnerability shared across different addictive disorders. For specific addictive disorders, these measures can be supplemented by agent specific measures such as those that access pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic variation attributable to agent-specific gatekeeper molecules including receptors and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Herein, we focus on the translation and reverse translation of knowledge derived from animal models of addiction to the human condition via measures of neurobiological processes that are orthologous in animals and humans, and that are shared in addictions to different agents. Based on preclinical data and human studies, measures of these domains in a general framework of an Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) can transform the assessment and nosology of addictive disorders, and can be informative for staging disease progression. We consider next steps and challenges for implementation of ANA in clinical care and research. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kwako
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raye Z Litten
- Division of Medications Development, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability: Mechanisms of heterotypic comorbidity between externalizing disorders and unipolar depression. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1177-1208. [PMID: 27739396 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trait impulsivity, which is often defined as a strong preference for immediate over delayed rewards and results in behaviors that are socially inappropriate, maladaptive, and short-sighted, is a predisposing vulnerability to all externalizing spectrum disorders. In contrast, anhedonia is characterized by chronically low motivation and reduced capacity to experience pleasure, and is common to depressive disorders. Although externalizing and depressive disorders have virtually nonoverlapping diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, heterotypic comorbidity between them is common. Here, we review common neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability, which include both low tonic mesolimbic dopamine activity and low phasic mesolimbic dopamine responding to incentives during reward anticipation and associative learning. We also consider how other neural networks, including bottom-up emotion generation systems and top-down emotion regulation systems, interact with mesolimbic dysfunction to result in alternative manifestations of psychiatric illness. Finally, we present a model that emphasizes a translational, transdiagnostic approach to understanding externalizing/depression comorbidity. This model should refine ways in which internalizing and externalizing disorders are studied, classified, and treated.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wen X, Cai W, Li G, Tian J, Zhang YE, Liu J, Yuan K, Zhao J, Wang W, Zhou Z, Ding M, Gold MS, Liu Y, Wang GJ. Granger causality reveals a dominant role of memory circuit in chronic opioid dependence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1068-1080. [PMID: 26987308 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging has uncovered abnormal functional connectivity in heroin-dependent individuals (HDIs). However, it remains unclear how brain regions implicated in addictions are related in baseline state without conditioned cues in heroin dependent individuals during opioid maintenance treatment (HDIs-OMT). Previous connectivity analysis assessed the strength of correlated activity between brain regions but lacked the ability to infer directional neural interactions. In the current study, we employed Granger causality analysis to investigate directional causal influences among the brain circuits in HDIs-OMT and non-opioid users. The results revealed a weaker effective connectivity between the caudate nucleus implicated in mediating the reward circuit and other brain regions and also a weaker connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex implicated in mediating inhibitory control. Conversely, HDIs-OMT exhibited stronger effective connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala implicated in mediating learning-memory, and the anterior cingulate cortex involved in mediating inhibitory control while the putamen mediated learned habits, suggesting that the hippocampus and amygdala may propel the memory circuit to override the control circuit and drive the learned habit in HDIs-OMT. Alterations in learning-memory and inhibitory control may contribute jointly and form a basis for relapse risk even after a period of heroin abstinence. Sustained neural effect of opioid dependence on methadone maintenance including hyperactivation in the memory circuit and impairment in the control circuit support the role of the memory circuitry in relapse and may help redefine targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xiaotong Wen
- Department of Psychology; Renmin University of China; Beijing China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
| | - Guanya Li
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
- Institute of Automation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yi Edi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jixin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; Xi'an China
| | - Jizheng Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Bethesda MD USA
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Becker A, Gerchen MF, Kirsch M, Ubl B, Subramaniapillai S, Diener C, Kuehner C, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. Frontostriatal Connectivity During Reward Anticipation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Neurobiological research indicates that altered reward processing is among the most promising risk mechanisms in alcohol use disorder and depression. To elucidate differences and similarities between both disorders, we investigated clinical patients and at-risk individuals in two studies using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward paradigm. In the first study, alcohol use disorder patients compared to depressed and healthy individuals showed increased activation of the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. In contrast, both patient groups showed reduced frontostriatal connectivity compared to controls. In the second study, at-risk comorbid individuals showed decreased activation in the dorsal striatum along with decreased frontostriatal connectivity. While the connectivity results replicate the common pattern found for the patient groups, the activation results indicate a more depression-related pattern in individuals prone to developing both disorders. In conclusion, frontostriatal connectivity might be a promising transdiagnostic marker for depression, alcohol use disorder, and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Becker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Ubl
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Diener
- School of Applied Psychology, SRH University of Applied Science Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
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Rutherford HJ, Mayes LC. Parenting and addiction: neurobiological insights. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:55-60. [PMID: 28813269 PMCID: PMC5560070 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addiction remains a significant public health concern that affects multiple generations within families, and in particular the early relationship between parents and their developing child. This article will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of parenting and addiction. Specifically, the discussion will focus on the reward-stress dysregulation model of addicted parenting, which proposes that the dysregulation of stress and reward neural circuits by addiction represents a neurobiological pathway through which to understand how caregiving may be compromised in addicted parents. Empirical research in parents and non-parents will be discussed in support of this model and critical consideration of the model and its limitations will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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117
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Weintraub D, Claassen DO. Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:679-717. [PMID: 28802938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), such as compulsive gambling, buying, sexual, and eating behaviors, are a serious and increasingly recognized complication in Parkinson's disease (PD), occurring in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness. Related behaviors include punding (stereotyped, repetitive, purposeless behaviors), dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) (compulsive medication overuse), and hobbyism (e.g., compulsive internet use, artistic endeavors, and writing). These disorders have a significant impact on quality of life and function, strain interpersonal relationships, and worsen caregiver burden, and are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity. ICDs have been most closely related to the use of dopamine agonists (DAs), while DDS is primarily associated with shorter acting, higher potency dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), such as levodopa. However, in preliminary research ICDs have also been reported to occur with monoamine oxidase inhibitor-B and amantadine treatment, and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Other risk factors for ICDs may include sex (e.g., male sex for compulsive sexual behavior, and female sex for compulsive buying behavior); younger age overall at PD onset; a pre-PD history of an ICD; personal or family history of substance abuse, bipolar disorder, or gambling problems; and impulsive personality traits. Dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is thought to be the major neurobiological substrate for ICDs in PD, but there is preliminary evidence for alterations in opiate and serotonin systems too. The primary treatment of ICDs in PD is discontinuation of the offending treatment, but not all patients can tolerate this due to worsening motor symptoms or DA withdrawal syndrome. While psychiatric medications and psychosocial treatments are frequently used to treat ICDs in the general population, there is limited empirical evidence for their use in PD, so it is critical for patients to be monitored closely for ICDs from disease onset and routine throughout its course. In the future, it may be possible to use a precision medicine approach to decrease the incidence of ICDs in PD by avoiding DA use in patients determined to be at highest risk based on their clinical and neurobiological (e.g., motor presentation, behavioral measures of medication response, genetics, dopamine transporter neuroimaging) profile. Additionally, as empirically validated treatments for ICDs and similar disorders (e.g., substance use disorders) emerge, it will also be important to examine their efficacy and tolerability in individuals with comorbid PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Nalmefene Reduces Reward Anticipation in Alcohol Dependence: An Experimental Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:941-948. [PMID: 28216062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nalmefene is a µ and δ opioid receptor antagonist, κ opioid receptor partial agonist that has recently been approved in Europe for treating alcohol dependence. It offers a treatment approach for alcohol-dependent individuals with "high-risk drinking levels" to reduce their alcohol consumption. However, the neurobiological mechanism underpinning its effects on alcohol consumption remains to be determined. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover design we aimed to determine the effect of a single dose of nalmefene on striatal blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal change during anticipation of monetary reward using the monetary incentive delay task following alcohol challenge. METHODS Twenty-two currently heavy-drinking, non-treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent males were recruited. The effect of single dose nalmefene (18 mg) on changes in a priori defined striatal region of interest BOLD signal change during reward anticipation compared with placebo was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Both conditions were performed under intravenous alcohol administration (6% vol/vol infusion to achieve a target level of 80 mg/dL). RESULTS Datasets from 18 participants were available and showed that in the presence of the alcohol infusion, nalmefene significantly reduced the BOLD response in the striatal region of interest compared with placebo. Nalmefene did not alter brain perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Nalmefene blunts BOLD response in the mesolimbic system during anticipation of monetary reward and an alcohol infusion. This is consistent with nalmefene's actions on opioid receptors, which modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, and provides a neurobiological basis for its efficacy.
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Lopez AM, Weintraub D, Claassen DO. Impulse Control Disorders and Related Complications of Parkinson's Disease Therapy. Semin Neurol 2017; 37:186-192. [PMID: 28511259 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are most often attributed to dopamine agonist therapy; dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic system accounts for this behavioral phenotype. The clinical presentation is commonly termed impulse control disorder (ICD): Behaviors include hypersexuality, compulsive eating, shopping, pathological gambling, and compulsive hobby participation. However, not all PD individuals taking dopamine agonists develop these behavioral changes. In this review, the authors focus on the similarities between the phenotypic presentation of ICDs with that of other reward-based behavioral disorders, including binge eating disorder, pathological gambling, and substance use disorders. With this comparison, we emphasize that the transition from an impulsive to compulsive behavior likely follows a ventral to dorsal striatal pattern, where an altered dopaminergic reward system underlies the emergence of these problematic behaviors. The authors discuss the neurobiological similarities between these latter disorders and ICDs, emphasizing similar pathophysiological processes and discussing treatment options that have potential for translation to PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Becker A, Kirsch M, Gerchen MF, Kiefer F, Kirsch P. Striatal activation and frontostriatal connectivity during non-drug reward anticipation in alcohol dependence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:833-843. [PMID: 28398011 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to prevailing neurobiological theories of addiction, altered function in neural reward circuitry is a central mechanism of alcohol dependence. Growing evidence postulates that the ventral striatum (VS), as well as areas of the prefrontal cortex, contribute to the increased incentive salience of alcohol-associated cues, diminished motivation to pursue non-drug rewards and weakened strength of inhibitory cognitive control, which are central to addiction. The present study aims to investigate the neural response and functional connectivity underlying monetary, non-drug reward processing in alcohol dependence. We utilized a reward paradigm to investigate the anticipation of monetary reward in 32 alcohol-dependent inpatients and 35 healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure task-related brain activation and connectivity. Alcohol-dependent patients showed increased activation of the VS during anticipation of monetary gain compared with healthy controls. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed decreased functional connectivity between the VS and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in alcohol dependent patients relative to controls. Increased activation of the VS and reduced frontostriatal connectivity were associated with increased craving. These findings provide evidence that alcohol dependence is rather associated with disrupted integration of striatal and prefrontal processes than with a global reward anticipation deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Becker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
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Becker A, Ehret AM, Kirsch P. From the neurobiological basis of comorbid alcohol dependence and depression to psychological treatment strategies: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 28454522 PMCID: PMC5410069 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder and depression occur commonly in the community. Even though this high-prevalence comorbidity is associated with poorer posttreatment outcomes and greater utilization of costly treatment services, existing treatment trials often exclude patients with comorbid depressive and alcohol use disorders. Past research suggests that symptoms such as craving and anhedonia might be associated with alterations within the reward circuit, while emotion regulation deficits are related to disruptions within the default mode network. The aim of this clinical neuroimaging study is to transfer previous research about the reward circuit and default mode network underlying alcohol use disorder and depression to achieve a better understanding of neural signatures characterizing their comorbidity. In addition, the neurobiological results will be used to test whether two psychotherapeutic intervention programs, mindfulness-based training and behavioral activation training, are able to positively influence the identified pathomechanisms. METHODS By means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 60 comorbid alcohol dependent and depressed patients are compared to 30 patients with depression only, 30 patients with alcohol use disorder only and 30 healthy control participants. Comorbid patients are randomized to either receive a behavioral activation or mindfulness based training and asked to participate in a second fMRI session and 3 month follow-up assessment. Thereby, we plan to explore whether these brief group psychotherapeutic intervention programs are able to positively influence the identified neurobiological pathomechanisms. The primary outcomes are reward and default mode network activity and connectivity evoked by paradigms measuring different facets of reward and emotion processing. Secondary outcome measures include craving and depression scores, as well as relapse rates. Predictors include participants' characteristics, personality traits and indicators of mental health. DISCUSSION The objective of the project is to identify common and/or distinct neural signatures underlying the comorbidity of alcohol dependence and depression. If the neurobiological understanding of alcohol addiction and depression is improved, this could potentially serve as a key predictor of treatment response to specific types of behavioral or mindfulness therapies hypothesized to alter reward and resting state systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00010249 . The trial was registered January 23th 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Becker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Anna M. Ehret
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Genetic and environmental influences on the codevelopment among borderline personality disorder traits, major depression symptoms, and substance use disorder symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:49-65. [PMID: 28420454 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits decline from adolescence to adulthood, comorbid psychopathology such as symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorders (DUDs) likely disrupt this normative decline. Using a longitudinal sample of female twins (N = 1,763), we examined if levels of BPD traits were correlated with changes in MDD, AUD, and DUD symptoms from ages 14 to 24. A parallel process biometric latent growth model examined the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the relationships between developmental components of these phenotypes. Higher BPD trait levels predicted a greater rate of increase in AUD and DUD symptoms, and higher AUD and DUD symptoms predicted a slower rate of decline of BPD traits from ages 14 to 24. Common genetic influences accounted for the associations between BPD traits and each disorder, as well as the interrelationships of AUD and DUD symptoms. Both genetic and nonshared environmental influences accounted for the correlated levels between BPD traits and MDD symptoms, but solely environmental influences accounted for the correlated changes between the two over time. Results indicate that higher levels of BPD traits may contribute to an earlier onset and faster escalation of AUD and DUD symptoms, and substance use problems slow the normative decline in BPD traits. Overall, our data suggests that primarily genetic influences contribute to the comorbidity between BPD features and substance use disorder symptoms. We discuss our data in the context of two major theories of developmental psychopathology and comorbidity.
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123
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McCrory EJ, Gerin MI, Viding E. Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry - the contribution of functional brain imaging. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:338-357. [PMID: 28295339 PMCID: PMC6849838 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is a potent predictor of poor mental health across the life span. We argue that there is a need to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that confer psychiatric vulnerability following maltreatment, if we are to progress from simply treating those with a manifest disorder, to developing effective preventative approaches that can help offset the likelihood that such disorders will emerge in the first place. METHODS We review extant functional neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents exposed to early neglect and/or maltreatment, including physical, sexual and emotional abuse across four neurocognitive domains: threat processing, reward processing, emotion regulation and executive control. Findings are discussed in the context of 'latent vulnerability', where alterations in neurocognitive function are considered to carry adaptive value in early adverse caregiving environments but confer long-term risk. RESULTS Studies on threat processing indicate heightened as well as depressed neural responsiveness in maltreated samples, particularly in the amygdala, thought to reflect threat hypervigilance and avoidance respectively. Studies on reward processing generally report blunted neural response to anticipation and receipt of rewards, particularly in the striatum, patterns associated with depressive symptomatology. Studies on emotion regulation report increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during active emotion regulation, possibly reflecting greater effortful processing. Finally, studies of executive control report increased dorsal ACC activity during error monitoring and inhibition. CONCLUSIONS An emerging body of work indicates that altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment: (a) is evident even in the absence of overt psychopathology; (b) is consistent with perturbations seen in individuals presenting with psychiatric disorder; (c) can predict future psychiatric symptomatology. These findings suggest that maltreatment leads to neurocognitive alterations that embed latent vulnerability to psychiatric disorder, establishing a compelling case for identifying those children at most risk and developing mechanistically informed models of preventative intervention. Such interventions should aim to offset the likelihood of any future psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon J. McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and FamiliesLondonUK
| | - Mattia I. Gerin
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and FamiliesLondonUK
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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124
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Murphy A, Nestor LJ, McGonigle J, Paterson L, Boyapati V, Ersche KD, Flechais R, Kuchibatla S, Metastasio A, Orban C, Passetti F, Reed L, Smith D, Suckling J, Taylor E, Robbins TW, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt DJ, Deakin JFW, Elliott R. Acute D3 Antagonist GSK598809 Selectively Enhances Neural Response During Monetary Reward Anticipation in Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1049-1057. [PMID: 28042871 PMCID: PMC5423526 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that disturbances in neurobiological mechanisms of reward and inhibitory control maintain addiction and provoke relapse during abstinence. Abnormalities within the dopamine system may contribute to these disturbances and pharmacologically targeting the D3 dopamine receptor (DRD3) is therefore of significant clinical interest. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the acute effects of the DRD3 antagonist GSK598809 on anticipatory reward processing, using the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT), and response inhibition using the Go/No-Go task (GNGT). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design approach was used in abstinent alcohol dependent, abstinent poly-drug dependent and healthy control volunteers. For the MIDT, there was evidence of blunted ventral striatal response to reward in the poly-drug-dependent group under placebo. GSK598809 normalized ventral striatal reward response and enhanced response in the DRD3-rich regions of the ventral pallidum and substantia nigra. Exploratory investigations suggested that the effects of GSK598809 were mainly driven by those with primary dependence on alcohol but not on opiates. Taken together, these findings suggest that GSK598809 may remediate reward deficits in substance dependence. For the GNGT, enhanced response in the inferior frontal cortex of the poly-drug group was found. However, there were no effects of GSK598809 on the neural network underlying response inhibition nor were there any behavioral drug effects on response inhibition. GSK598809 modulated the neural network underlying reward anticipation but not response inhibition, suggesting that DRD3 antagonists may restore reward deficits in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liam J Nestor
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John McGonigle
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Paterson
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remy Flechais
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shankar Kuchibatla
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonio Metastasio
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Csaba Orban
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Filippo Passetti
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurence Reed
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dana Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John FW Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - ICCAM Platform
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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125
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Oliveros A, Cho CH, Cui A, Choi S, Lindberg D, Hinton D, Jang MH, Choi DS. Adenosine A 2A receptor and ERK-driven impulsivity potentiates hippocampal neuroblast proliferation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1095. [PMID: 28418405 PMCID: PMC5416704 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dampened adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) function has been implicated in addiction through enhancement of goal-directed behaviors. However, the contribution of the A2AR to the control of impulsive reward seeking remains unknown. Using mice that were exposed to differential reward of low rate (DRL) schedules during Pavlovian-conditioning, second-order schedule discrimination, and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we demonstrate that deficits of A2AR function promote impulsive responses. Antagonism of the A2AR lowered ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and potentiated impulsivity during Pavlovian-conditioning and the 5-CSRTT. Remarkably, inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation by U0126 in the dHip prior to Pavlovian-conditioning exacerbated impulsive reward seeking. Moreover, we found decreased A2AR expression, and reduced ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dHip of equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1-/-) null mice, which displayed exacerbated impulsivity. To determine whether impulsive response behavior is associated with hippocampal neuroblast development, we investigated expression of BrdU+ and doublecortin (DCX+) following 5-CSRTT testing. These studies revealed that impulsive behavior driven by inhibition of the A2AR is accompanied by increased neuroblast proliferation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oliveros
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C H Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Cui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Lindberg
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Hinton
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M-H Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D-S Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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126
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Anokhin PK, Shamakina IY, Proskuryakova TV, Shokhonova VA, Ul’yanova EV, Tarabarko IE, Anokhina IP. The selective agonist of dopamine D2 receptors cabergoline decreases alcohol consumption and increases the level of DRD2 mRNA in the brain of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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127
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Murray L, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Reward-Related Neural Correlates of Antisocial Behavior and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Young Men. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:346-354. [PMID: 28944306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals involved in antisocial behavior often engage in excessive reward-driven behavior even in the face of severe punishments including incarceration. However, the neural mechanisms of reward processing in antisocial behavior have not been examined while considering the heterogeneity of antisocial behavior and specific phases of reward and loss processing. In this study, we investigate the relationship between antisocial behavior, callous-unemotional traits, and neural activity during the anticipation and receipt of rewards and losses. METHODS A community sample of 144 low income, racially diverse, urban males at risk for antisocial behavior completed self-report measures, a clinical interview, and an fMRI scan at age 20. Neural response during the anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards and losses was linked to antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits using a priori ventral striatum region of interest analyses and exploratory whole brain analyses. RESULTS Antisocial behavior, but not callous-unemotional traits, was related to less ventral striatum response during reward anticipation. There were no significant relationships between neural reactivity and antisocial behavior or callous-unemotional traits during reward or loss outcomes. Antisocial behavior was also related to less ventrolateral prefrontal cortex reactivity during reward and loss anticipation. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a hypo-reactivity model of reward and loss anticipation in antisocial behavior. Lower striatal reactivity to cues of reward and lower prefrontal-regulatory recruitment during reward and loss anticipation may contribute to maladaptive reward-related behavior found in antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Murray
- Departments of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Departments of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Center for Human Growth and Development, Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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128
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Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Perspectives on fronto-fugal circuitry from human imaging of alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:189-200. [PMID: 28118989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Descriptions of the cognitive functions affected by alcohol use disorders (AUD) often highlight dysfunction of executive processes such attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Such complex cognitive functions have historically been ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. AUD, however, disrupts extensive areas of the brain. Structural and functional MRI studies suggest a central role for degradation of circuitry originating in the prefrontal cortex including nodes in widespread brain regions. This review features fronto-fugal circuits affected by AUD including frontocerebellar, frontolimbic, and frontostriatal networks and their relations to the salient, enduring, and debilitating cognitive and motor deficits reported in AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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129
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Zhang S, Hu S, Chao HH, Li CSR. Hemispheric lateralization of resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral striatum: an exploratory study. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2573-2583. [PMID: 28110447 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is widely used to examine cerebral functional organization. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical to motivated behavior, with extant studies suggesting functional hemispheric asymmetry. The current work investigated differences in rsFC between the left (L) and right (R) VS and explored gender differences in the extent of functional lateralization. In 106 adults, we computed a laterality index (fcLI) to query whether a target region shows greater or less connectivity to the L vs R VS. A total of 45 target regions with hemispheric masks were examined from the Automated Anatomic Labeling atlas. One-sample t test was performed to explore significant laterality in the whole sample and in men and women separately. Two-sample t test was performed to examine gender differences in fcLI. At a corrected threshold (p < 0.05/45 = 0.0011), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) showed L lateralization and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) showed R lateralization in VS connectivity. Except for the pCC, these findings were replicated in a different data set (n = 97) from the Human Connectome Project. Furthermore, the fcLI of VS-pCC was negatively correlated with a novelty seeking trait in women but not in men. Together, the findings may suggest a more important role of the L VS in linking saliency response to self control and other internally directed processes. Right lateralization of VS connectivity to the SMG and IPS may support attention and action directed to external behavioral contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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130
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Adisetiyo V, Gray KM. Neuroimaging the neural correlates of increased risk for substance use disorders in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-A systematic review. Am J Addict 2017; 26:99-111. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitria Adisetiyo
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
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131
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Wang H, Wen B, Cheng J, Li H. Brain Structural Differences between Normal and Obese Adults and their Links with Lack of Perseverance, Negative Urgency, and Sensation Seeking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40595. [PMID: 28091559 PMCID: PMC5238376 DOI: 10.1038/srep40595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the difference in brain structure between obese and normal weight individuals, and to explore the relationship between the neuroanatomical changes and impulsivity traits, this study used a voxel-based morphometry method to examine gray matter (GM) volume alterations related to impulsive personality traits in obese individuals relative to normal weight. Eighty adults that completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale were analyzed. Possible GM volume alterations were first analyzed at the whole brain level, and then the relationship between regional GM volume differences and UPPS-P scores were examined in selected regions of interest. Reduced GM volumes were found in the frontal and limbic regions in the obese group compared to normal weight individuals. In the normal weight group, lack of perseverance was negatively correlated with GM volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, and negative urgency was negatively correlated with GM volume in the insula. In the obese group, sensation seeking was negatively correlated with GM volume in the left amygdala and right pallidum. These findings might improve our understanding of the relationship between lack of perseverance, negative urgency, and sensation seeking and body weight fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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132
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Goulet-Kennedy J, Labbe S, Fecteau S. The involvement of the striatum in decision making. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27069380 PMCID: PMC4826771 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.1/sfecteau] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decision making has been extensively studied in the context of economics and from a group perspective, but still little is known on individual decision making. Here we discuss the different cognitive processes involved in decision making and its associated neural substrates. The putative conductors in decision making appear to be the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. Impaired decision-making skills in various clinical populations have been associated with activity in the prefrontal cortex and in the striatum. We highlight the importance of strengthening the degree of integration of both cognitive and neural substrates in order to further our understanding of decision-making skills. In terms of cognitive paradigms, there is a need to improve the ecological value of experimental tasks that assess decision making in various contexts and with rewards; this would help translate laboratory learnings into real-life benefits. In terms of neural substrates, the use of neuroimaging techniques helps characterize the neural networks associated with decision making; more recently, ways to modulate brain activity, such as in the prefrontal cortex and connected regions (eg, striatum), with noninvasive brain stimulation have also shed light on the neural and cognitive substrates of decision making. Together, these cognitive and neural approaches might be useful for patients with impaired decision-making skills. The drive behind this line of work is that decision-making abilities underlie important aspects of wellness, health, security, and financial and social choices in our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Goulet-Kennedy
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et en intégration sociale. Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec; Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Labbe
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et en intégration sociale. Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec; Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et en intégration sociale. Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec; Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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133
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Alvanzo AAH, Wand GS, Kuwabara H, Wong DF, Xu X, McCaul ME. Family history of alcoholism is related to increased D 2 /D 3 receptor binding potential: a marker of resilience or risk? Addict Biol 2017; 22:218-228. [PMID: 26416591 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family history of alcohol use disorder and striatal dopamine using positron emission tomography imaging. Participants were 84 healthy, 18- to 30-year-old, social drinkers recruited via fliers and newspaper advertisements. At assessment, participants completed measures of lifetime personal and family substance use and psychiatric symptoms. Participants underwent two consecutive positron emission tomography scans using the D2 /D3 dopamine receptor radioligand [11 C]raclopride. Scans were preceded by intravenous saline and amphetamine 0.3 mg/kg, providing measures of baseline [11 C]raclopride binding potential (BPND ) and change in [11 C]raclopride (ΔBPND ). Subjective ratings of stimulant drug effects were collected during scans. Subjects were classified as family history positive (FHP) if they reported any first-degree relative with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and family history negative (FHN) if no first-degree relatives had history of AUD. Participants were predominantly White (69.0 percent) and male (62.1 percent). Baseline [11 C]raclopride BPND was generally higher in FHP compared with FHN subjects across striatal subdivisions. There were no differences in ΔBPND across regions. Negative subjective drug effects were more pronounced in FHP than in FHN subjects. While FHN subjects evidenced the expected positive relationship between ΔBPND and positive subjective drug effects, this relationship was disrupted in FHP subjects. There are key differences in dopamine status and subjective stimulant drug experiences as a function of family AUD history. These findings have important implications for understanding risk for AUD development in FHP offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika A. H. Alvanzo
- Division of General Internal Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Gary S. Wand
- Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mary E. McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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134
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McGonigle J, Murphy A, Paterson LM, Reed LJ, Nestor L, Nash J, Elliott R, Ersche KD, Flechais RSA, Newbould R, Orban C, Smith DG, Taylor EM, Waldman AD, Robbins TW, Deakin JFW, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes AR, Suckling J. The ICCAM platform study: An experimental medicine platform for evaluating new drugs for relapse prevention in addiction. Part B: fMRI description. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:3-16. [PMID: 27703042 PMCID: PMC5367542 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116668592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to set up a robust multi-centre clinical fMRI and neuropsychological platform to investigate the neuropharmacology of brain processes relevant to addiction - reward, impulsivity and emotional reactivity. Here we provide an overview of the fMRI battery, carried out across three centres, characterizing neuronal response to the tasks, along with exploring inter-centre differences in healthy participants. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three fMRI tasks were used: monetary incentive delay to probe reward sensitivity, go/no-go to probe impulsivity and an evocative images task to probe emotional reactivity. A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was carried out for the reward and impulsivity tasks to help establish region of interest (ROI) placement. A group of healthy participants was recruited from across three centres (total n=43) to investigate inter-centre differences. Principle observations: The pattern of response observed for each of the three tasks was consistent with previous studies using similar paradigms. At the whole brain level, significant differences were not observed between centres for any task. CONCLUSIONS In developing this platform we successfully integrated neuroimaging data from three centres, adapted validated tasks and applied whole brain and ROI approaches to explore and demonstrate their consistency across centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McGonigle
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise M Paterson
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurence J Reed
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Nestor
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Nash
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remy SA Flechais
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Csaba Orban
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dana G Smith
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor M Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - JF William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne R Lingford-Hughes
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK,Anne Lingford-Hughes, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
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135
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A. Richey J, Ghane M, Valdespino A, Coffman MC, Strege MV, White SW, Ollendick TH. Spatiotemporal dissociation of brain activity underlying threat and reward in social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:81-94. [PMID: 27798252 PMCID: PMC5390704 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) involves abnormalities in social motivation, which may be independent of well-documented differences in fear and arousal systems. Yet, the neurobiology underlying motivational difficulties in SAD is not well understood. The aim of the current study was to spatiotemporally dissociate reward circuitry dysfunction from alterations in fear and arousal-related neural activity during anticipation and notification of social and non-social reward and punishment. During fMRI acquisition, non-depressed adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 21) and age-, sex- and IQ-matched control subjects (N = 22) completed eight runs of an incentive delay task, alternating between social and monetary outcomes and interleaved in alternating order between gain and loss outcomes. Adults with SAD demonstrated significantly reduced neural activity in ventral striatum during the anticipation of positive but not negative social outcomes. No differences between the SAD and control groups were observed during anticipation of monetary gain or loss outcomes or during anticipation of negative social images. However, consistent with previous work, the SAD group demonstrated amygdala hyper-activity upon notification of negative social outcomes. Degraded anticipatory processing in bilateral ventral striatum in SAD was constrained exclusively to anticipation of positive social information and dissociable from the effects of negative social outcomes previously observed in the amygdala. Alterations in anticipation-related neural signals may represent a promising target for treatment that is not addressed by available evidence-based interventions, which focus primarily on fear extinction and habituation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Merage Ghane
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Valdespino
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marika C. Coffman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marlene V. Strege
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan W. White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas H. Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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136
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Chun S, Harris A, Carrion M, Rojas E, Stark S, Lejuez C, Lechner WV, Bornovalova MA. A psychometric investigation of gender differences and common processes across borderline and antisocial personality disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 126:76-88. [PMID: 27808543 PMCID: PMC5217473 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is well-established, and the 2 disorders share many similarities. However, there are also differences across disorders: most notably, BPD is diagnosed more frequently in women and ASPD in men. We investigated if (a) comorbidity between BPD and ASPD is attributable to 2 discrete disorders or the expression of common underlying processes, and (b) if the model of comorbidity is true across sex. Using a clinical sample of 1,400 drug users in residential substance abuse treatment, we tested 3 competing models to explore whether the comorbidity of ASPD and BPD should be represented by a single common factor, 2 correlated factors, or a bifactor structure involving a general and disorder-specific factors. Next, we tested whether our resulting model was meaningful by examining its relationship with criterion variables previously reported to be associated with BPD and ASPD. The bifactor model provided the best fit and was invariant across sex. Overall, the general factor of the bifactor model significantly accounted for a large percentage of the variance in criterion variables, whereas the BPD and AAB specific factors added little to the models. The association of the general and specific factor with all criterion variables was equal for men and women. Our results suggest common underlying vulnerability accounts for both the comorbidity between BPD and AAB (across sex), and this common vulnerability drives the association with other psychopathology and maladaptive behavior. This in turn has implications for diagnostic classification systems and treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjoon Chun
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology
| | - Alexa Harris
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - Stephen Stark
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology
| | - Carl Lejuez
- University of Kansas, Department of Psychology
| | - William V. Lechner
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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137
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Behavioral impulsivity mediates the relationship between decreased frontal gray matter volume and harmful alcohol drinking: A voxel-based morphometry study. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 83:16-23. [PMID: 27529648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) with harmful drinking patterns is on the one hand characterized by impulsive behavior and is on the other hand known to involve structural brain alterations with lower gray matter volume (GMV), especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). So far it is unclear whether frontal brain volumes are associated to harmful alcohol drinking and impulsivity, while controlling simultaneously for a wide array of important confounding factors, which are related to alcohol consumption. We used voxel-based morphometry in 99 adults ranging within a continuum of normal to harmful drinking behavior and alcohol dependence, measured by the 'Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test', to examine whether the severity of harmful drinking is correlated with structural markers, in particular in the PFC and whether such markers are linked to self-reported impulsivity. We included alcohol and nicotine lifetime exposure, age, education, and BMI as covariates to control that GMV decreases were not related to those factors. Harmful drinking was associated with lower GMV in the right frontal pole, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobe. GMV loss in the PFC regions was correlated with increased impulsivity. Follow-up mediation analyses showed that the relationship between GMV in the frontal pole and harmful drinking was mediated by impulsivity. Our findings show that PFC reductions are associated with harmful drinking and impulsivity. Our data suggest that reduced frontal pole GM, independent of a number of alcohol drinking associated covariates, e.g. lifetime alcohol consumption, is related to impaired top-down control of alcohol drinking behavior.
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138
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Gonzalez MZ, Allen JP, Coan JA. Lower neighborhood quality in adolescence predicts higher mesolimbic sensitivity to reward anticipation in adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 22:48-57. [PMID: 27838595 PMCID: PMC5275766 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory suggests that adult reward sensitivity should be best explained by childhood, but not current, socioeconomic conditions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 83 participants from a larger longitudinal sample completed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task in adulthood (∼25 years old). Parent-reports of neighborhood quality and parental SES were collected when participants were 13 years of age. Current income level was collected concurrently with scanning. Lower adolescent neighborhood quality, but neither lower current income nor parental SES, was associated with heightened sensitivity to the anticipation of monetary gain in putative mesolimbic reward areas. Lower adolescent neighborhood quality was also associated with heightened sensitivity to the anticipation of monetary loss activation in visuo-motor areas. Lower current income was associated with heightened sensitivity to anticipated loss in occipital areas and the operculum. We tested whether externalizing behaviors in childhood or adulthood could better account for neighborhood quality findings, but they did not. Findings suggest that neighborhood ecology in adolescence is associated with greater neural reward sensitivity in adulthood above the influence of parental SES or current income and not mediated through impulsivity and externalizing behaviors.
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139
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Prause N, Siegle GJ, Deblieck C, Wu A, Iacoboni M. EEG to Primary Rewards: Predictive Utility and Malleability by Brain Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165646. [PMID: 27902711 PMCID: PMC5130195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is thought to affect reward processing mechanisms, which may increase and decrease reward sensitivity. To test the ability of TBS to modulate response to strong primary rewards, participants hypersensitive to primary rewards were recruited. Twenty men and women with at least two opposite-sex, sexual partners in the last year received two forms of TBS. Stimulations were randomized to avoid order effects and separated by 2 hours to reduce carryover. The two TBS forms have been demonstrated to inhibit (continuous) or excite (intermittent) the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using different pulse patterns, which links to brain areas associated with reward conditioning. After each TBS, participants completed tasks assessing their reward responsiveness to monetary and sexual rewards. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. They also reported their number of orgasms in the weekend following stimulation. This signal was malleable by TBS, where excitatory TBS resulted in lower EEG alpha relative to inhibitory TBS to primary rewards. EEG responses to sexual rewards in the lab (following both forms of TBS) predicted the number of orgasms experienced over the forthcoming weekend. TBS may be useful in modifying hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to primary rewards that predict sexual behaviors. Since TBS altered the anticipation of a sexual reward, TBS may offer a novel treatment for sexual desire problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prause
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California;Los Angeles, CA
- * E-mail:
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Choi Deblieck
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Allan Wu
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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140
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Gilpin NW, Weiner JL. Neurobiology of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol-use disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:15-43. [PMID: 27749004 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid in humans. Although we have some understanding of the structural and functional brain changes that define each of these disorders, and how those changes contribute to the behavioral symptoms that define them, little is known about the neurobiology of comorbid PTSD and AUD, which may be due in part to a scarcity of adequate animal models for examining this research question. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state-of-the-science on comorbid PTSD and AUD. We summarize epidemiological data documenting the prevalence of this comorbidity, review what is known about the potential neurobiological basis for the frequent co-occurrence of PTSD and AUD and discuss successes and failures of past and current treatment strategies. We also review animal models that aim to examine comorbid PTSD and AUD, highlighting where the models parallel the human condition, and we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each model. We conclude by discussing key gaps in our knowledge and strategies for addressing them: in particular, we (1) highlight the need for better animal models of the comorbid condition and better clinical trial design, (2) emphasize the need for examination of subpopulation effects and individual differences and (3) urge cross-talk between basic and clinical researchers that is reflected in collaborative work with forward and reverse translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - J L Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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141
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Model-Free Temporal-Difference Learning and Dopamine in Alcohol Dependence: Examining Concepts From Theory and Animals in Human Imaging. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:401-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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142
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Kaag AM, Schluter RS, Karel P, Homberg J, van den Brink W, Reneman L, van Wingen GA. Aversive Counterconditioning Attenuates Reward Signaling in the Ventral Striatum. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:418. [PMID: 27594829 PMCID: PMC4990538 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetitive conditioning refers to the process of learning cue-reward associations and is mediated by the mesocorticolimbic system. Appetitive conditioned responses are difficult to extinguish, especially for highly salient reward such as food and drugs. We investigate whether aversive counterconditioning can alter reward reinstatement in the ventral striatum in healthy volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the initial conditioning phase, two different stimuli were reinforced with a monetary reward. In the subsequent counterconditioning phase, one of these stimuli was paired with an aversive shock to the wrist. In the following extinction phase, none of the stimuli were reinforced. In the final reinstatement phase, reward was reinstated by informing the participants that the monetary gain could be doubled. Our fMRI data revealed that reward signaling in the ventral striatum and ventral tegmental area following reinstatement was smaller for the stimulus that was counterconditioned with an electrical shock, compared to the non-counterconditioned stimulus. A functional connectivity analysis showed that aversive counterconditioning strengthened striatal connectivity with the hippocampus and insula. These results suggest that reward signaling in the ventral striatum can be attenuated through aversive counterconditioning, possibly by concurrent retrieval of the aversive association through enhanced connectivity with hippocampus and insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renée S Schluter
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Karel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Medical Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Medical Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Spinoza Center for Neuroimaging, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdam, Netherlands
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143
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Herbort MC, Soch J, Wüstenberg T, Krauel K, Pujara M, Koenigs M, Gallinat J, Walter H, Roepke S, Schott BH. A negative relationship between ventral striatal loss anticipation response and impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:724-736. [PMID: 27766203 PMCID: PMC5067102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently exhibit impulsive behavior, and self-reported impulsivity is typically higher in BPD patients when compared to healthy controls. Previous functional neuroimaging studies have suggested a link between impulsivity, the ventral striatal response to reward anticipation, and prediction errors. Here we investigated the striatal neural response to monetary gain and loss anticipation and their relationship with impulsivity in 21 female BPD patients and 23 age-matched female healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants performed a delayed monetary incentive task in which three categories of objects predicted a potential gain, loss, or neutral outcome. Impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Compared to healthy controls, BPD patients exhibited significantly reduced fMRI responses of the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VS/NAcc) to both reward-predicting and loss-predicting cues. BIS-11 scores showed a significant positive correlation with the VS/NAcc reward anticipation responses in healthy controls, and this correlation, while also nominally positive, failed to reach significance in BPD patients. BPD patients, on the other hand, exhibited a significantly negative correlation between ventral striatal loss anticipation responses and BIS-11 scores, whereas this correlation was significantly positive in healthy controls. Our results suggest that patients with BPD show attenuated anticipation responses in the VS/NAcc and, furthermore, that higher impulsivity in BPD patients might be related to impaired prediction of aversive outcomes. We investigated striatal reward and loss anticipation in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and controls BPD patients relative to controls exhibited reduced ventral striatal / nucleus accumbens (VS/NAcc) anticipation responses In healthy controls, VS responses to gains and losses correlated positively with impulsivity BPD patients exhibited a negative correlation between loss responses and impulsivity. Our results suggest that impulsivity in BPD patients may in part result from impaired anticipation of aversive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike C. Herbort
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maia Pujara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn H. Schott
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.Leibniz-Institut für NeurobiologieBrenneckestr. 6Magdeburg39118Germany
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144
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Martz ME, Trucco EM, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Jester JM, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Association of Marijuana Use With Blunted Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward Anticipation. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:838-44. [PMID: 27384542 PMCID: PMC4972653 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Marijuana use may alter ventral striatal response to reward, which might heighten susceptibility to substance use disorder. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the effects of marijuana use on neural function involved in reward response. OBJECTIVE To determine whether marijuana use among young adults prospectively affects nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation during reward anticipation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred eight young adults were recruited from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, an ongoing study of youth at high risk for substance use disorder and a contrast sample of control families. Participants underwent 3 consecutive functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at approximate ages of 20 (time 1), 22 (time 2), and 24 (time 3) years. Self-report data on marijuana and other drug use occasions were collected annually since age 11 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cross-lagged models were used to test the association of marijuana use with neural response in the NAcc to reward anticipation during a monetary incentive delay task controlling for sex, age, other substance use, and family history of substance use disorder. RESULTS Of 108 participants, 39 (36.1%) were female and mean (SD) age at baseline was 20.1 (1.4) years. Greater marijuana use was associated with later blunted activation in the NAcc during reward anticipation (time 1 to time 2: β = -0.26, P = .04; time 2 to time 3: β = -0.25, P = .01). When the cross-lagged model was tested with the inclusion of previous and concurrent cigarette use, the effect of marijuana use from time 2 to time 3 remained significant (β = -0.29; P = .005) and the effect of cigarette use was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study indicate that marijuana use is associated with decreased neural response in the NAcc during the anticipation of nondrug rewards. Over time, marijuana use may alter anticipatory reward processing in the NAcc, which may increase the risk for continued drug use and later addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Elisa M. Trucco
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Jester
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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145
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Abstract
Neuroimaging studies examining the neurobiological basis of gambling disorder (GD) have increased over the past decade. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies during appetitive cue and reward processing tasks demonstrate altered functioning in frontostriatal brain areas, including the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Findings suggest differences in how the anticipation and outcome of rewards are processed in individuals with GD. Future research requires larger sample sizes and should include appropriate clinical reference groups. Overall, studies to date highlight a common pathophysiology between substance-based addictions and GD, the latter offering a unique condition in which to examine nonchemical factors in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Balodis
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M N Potenza
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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146
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Asensio S, Morales JL, Senabre I, Romero MJ, Beltran MA, Flores-Bellver M, Barcia JM, Romero FJ. Magnetic resonance imaging structural alterations in brain of alcohol abusers and its association with impulsivity. Addict Biol 2016; 21:962-71. [PMID: 25988724 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the suggestion that impulsivity plays a central role in the transfer from a recreational drug use to a substance use disorder, very few studies focused on neurobiological markers for addiction. This study aimed to identify volumetric alterations in a sample of patients with mild alcohol use disorder with a short history of alcohol use, compared with a control group, and also focused on its association with impulsivity levels. Most magnetic resonance imaging studies have focused on severe alcohol use disorder, formerly called alcohol-dependent patients, showing alcohol-related structural alterations and their association with alcohol use history variables but not with personality parameters like impulsivity. Our hypothesis is that our group of alcohol users may already display structural alterations especially in brain regions related to inhibitory control like medial-prefrontal regions, and that those structural alterations could be more associated to personality traits like impulsivity than to drug use variables. Our results clearly demonstrate that our population showed lower regional grey and white matter volumes in the medial-prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, as well as higher regional white matter volume in the ventral striatum and the internal capsule. Volumetric alterations were associated to the Barratt's impulsivity score: the more impulsive the subjects, the lower the medial-prefrontal cortex grey matter volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asensio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU; Spain
| | - Julia L. Morales
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología; Universidad Católica de Valencia ‘San Vicente Mártir’; Spain
| | - Isabel Senabre
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU; Spain
| | - Maria J. Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología; Universidad Católica de Valencia ‘San Vicente Mártir’; Spain
| | | | - Miguel Flores-Bellver
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología; Universidad Católica de Valencia ‘San Vicente Mártir’; Spain
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología; Universidad Católica de Valencia ‘San Vicente Mártir’; Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología; Universidad Católica de Valencia ‘San Vicente Mártir’; Spain
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147
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Kogler L, Müller VI, Seidel EM, Boubela R, Kalcher K, Moser E, Habel U, Gur RC, Eickhoff SB, Derntl B. Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol. Neuroimage 2016; 134:410-423. [PMID: 27039701 PMCID: PMC6594554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amygdalae are involved in various behavioral functions such as affective and stress processing. For these behavioral functions, as well as for psychophysiological arousal including cortisol release, sex differences are reported. Here, we assessed cortisol levels and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of left and right amygdalae in 81 healthy participants (42 women) to investigate potential modulation of amygdala rsFC by sex and cortisol concentration. Our analyses revealed that rsFC of the left amygdala significantly differed between women and men: Women showed stronger rsFC than men between the left amygdala and left middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and hippocampus, regions involved in face processing, inner-speech, fear and pain processing. No stronger connections were detected for men and no sex difference emerged for right amygdala rsFC. Also, an interaction of sex and cortisol appeared: In women, cortisol was negatively associated with rsFC of the amygdalae with striatal regions, mid-orbital frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area and the parietal-occipital sulcus. Contrarily in men, positive associations of cortisol with rsFC of the left amygdala and these structures were observed. Functional decoding analyses revealed an association of the amygdalae and these regions with emotion, reward and memory processing, as well as action execution. Our results suggest that functional connectivity of the amygdalae as well as the regulatory effect of cortisol on brain networks differs between women and men. These sex-differences and the mediating and sex-dependent effect of cortisol on brain communication systems should be taken into account in affective and stress-related neuroimaging research. Thus, more studies including both sexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany; Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Seidel
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Boubela
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudius Kalcher
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria; Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ute Habel
- Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-6, Research Centre Jülich, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA BRAIN Institute 1: Structure Function Relationship
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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148
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Wang Q, Chen C, Cai Y, Li S, Zhao X, Zheng L, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen C, Xue G. Dissociated neural substrates underlying impulsive choice and impulsive action. Neuroimage 2016; 134:540-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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149
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Ait Oumeziane B, Foti D. Reward-related neural dysfunction across depression and impulsivity: A dimensional approach. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1174-84. [PMID: 27193188 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical models underline reward sensitivity as a potential endophenotype for major depressive disorder. Neural and behavioral evidence reveals depression is associated with reduced reward sensitivity. However, reward dysfunction is not unique to depression, as it is also common across disorders of poor impulse control. We examined the interrelationships of depression (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale [DASS-21]) and impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale) with reward sensitivity among a large, representative sample (N = 260). ERPs were recorded to isolate two neural indicators of consummatory reward processing: initial evaluation of rewards in the 250-350 ms time window postonset of feedback (reward positivity [RewP]), and salience to monetary outcomes (P3). Significant interactions were observed between depression and impulsivity facets across these two stages of reward processing: depression and positive urgency predicted RewP amplitude to reward outcomes (win vs. loss); depression and one other impulsivity trait, (lack of) premeditation, predicted P3 amplitude to monetary outcomes. Conversely, high symptoms of depression were related to three biobehavioral profiles: (1) blunted RewP in conjunction with high positive urgency, (2) combination of blunted RewP and low (lack of) premeditation, and (3) blunted P3 to monetary wins/losses, in conjunction with low (lack of) premeditation. Findings illustrate that reward-related dysfunctions may be optimally conceptualized when examining the interactions between dimensions of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belel Ait Oumeziane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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150
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Gilman JM, Lee S, Kuster JK, Lee MJ, Kim BW, van der Kouwe A, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Variable activation in striatal subregions across components of a social influence task in young adult cannabis users. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00459. [PMID: 27257518 PMCID: PMC4873656 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research have demonstrated the importance of social influence in initiation and maintenance of drug use, but little is known about neural mechanisms underlying social influence in young adults who use recreational drugs. METHODS To better understand whether the neural and/or behavioral response to social influence differs in young adults using illicit drugs, 20 marijuana-using young adults (MJ) aged 18-25, and 20 controls (CON) performed a decision-making task in the context of social influence, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A priori analyses focused on the nucleus accumbens (NAc), with post hoc analyses in the rest of the striatum. In this task, participants could choose to either follow or go against group influence. RESULTS When subjects applied social information to response choice selection (independent of following or going against group influence), we observed activation in the middle striatum (caudate), in the MJ group only, that extended ventrally into the NAc. MJ users but not CON showed greater activation in the NAc but not the caudate while making choices congruent with group influence as opposed to choices going against group influence. Activation in the NAc when following social influence was associated with amount of drug use reported. In contrast, during the feedback phase of the task we observed significant NAc activation in both MJ and CON, along with dorsal caudate activation only in MJ participants. This NAc activation did not correlate with drug use. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that MJ users, but not CON, show differential brain activation across striatal subregions when applying social information to make a decision, following versus going against a group of peers, or receiving positive feedback. The current work suggests that differential neural sensitivity to social influence in regions such as the striatum may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sang Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - John K Kuster
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Anne J Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
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