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Vike NL, Bari S, Stefanopoulos L, Lalvani S, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Block M, Breiter HC, Katsaggelos AK. Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Using a Small and Interpretable Set of Judgment and Demographic Variables: Cross-Sectional Cognitive Science Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47979. [PMID: 38315620 PMCID: PMC10953811 DOI: 10.2196/47979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite COVID-19 vaccine mandates, many chose to forgo vaccination, raising questions about the psychology underlying how judgment affects these choices. Research shows that reward and aversion judgments are important for vaccination choice; however, no studies have integrated such cognitive science with machine learning to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the predictive power of a small but interpretable set of judgment variables using 3 machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake and interpret what profile of judgment variables was important for prediction. METHODS We surveyed 3476 adults across the United States in December 2021. Participants answered demographic, COVID-19 vaccine uptake (ie, whether participants were fully vaccinated), and COVID-19 precaution questions. Participants also completed a picture-rating task using images from the International Affective Picture System. Images were rated on a Likert-type scale to calibrate the degree of liking and disliking. Ratings were computationally modeled using relative preference theory to produce a set of graphs for each participant (minimum R2>0.8). In total, 15 judgment features were extracted from these graphs, 2 being analogous to risk and loss aversion from behavioral economics. These judgment variables, along with demographics, were compared between those who were fully vaccinated and those who were not. In total, 3 machine learning approaches (random forest, balanced random forest [BRF], and logistic regression) were used to test how well judgment, demographic, and COVID-19 precaution variables predicted vaccine uptake. Mediation and moderation were implemented to assess statistical mechanisms underlying successful prediction. RESULTS Age, income, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, educational level, and sex differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-square P<.001). Most judgment variables also differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum P<.05). A similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was achieved by the 3 machine learning frameworks, although random forest and logistic regression produced specificities between 30% and 38% (vs 74.2% for BRF), indicating a lower performance in predicting unvaccinated participants. BRF achieved high precision (87.8%) and AUROC (79%) with moderate to high accuracy (70.8%) and balanced recall (69.6%) and specificity (74.2%). It should be noted that, for BRF, the negative predictive value was <50% despite good specificity. For BRF and random forest, 63% to 75% of the feature importance came from the 15 judgment variables. Furthermore, age, income, and educational level mediated relationships between judgment variables and vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the underlying importance of judgment variables for vaccine choice and uptake, suggesting that vaccine education and messaging might target varying judgment profiles to improve uptake. These methods could also be used to aid vaccine rollouts and health care preparedness by providing location-specific details (eg, identifying areas that may experience low vaccination and high hospitalization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martin Block
- Integrated Marketing Communications, Medill School, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Vike NL, Bari S, Kim BW, Katsaggelos AK, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Characterizing major depressive disorder and substance use disorder using heatmaps and variable interactions: The utility of operant behavior and brain structure relationships. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299528. [PMID: 38466739 PMCID: PMC10927130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of depression and addiction have risen drastically over the past decade, but the lack of integrative techniques remains a barrier to accurate diagnoses of these mental illnesses. Changes in reward/aversion behavior and corresponding brain structures have been identified in those with major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine-dependence polysubstance abuse disorder (CD). Assessment of statistical interactions between computational behavior and brain structure may quantitatively segregate MDD and CD. METHODS Here, 111 participants [40 controls (CTRL), 25 MDD, 46 CD] underwent structural brain MRI and completed an operant keypress task to produce computational judgment metrics. Three analyses were performed: (1) linear regression to evaluate groupwise (CTRL v. MDD v. CD) differences in structure-behavior associations, (2) qualitative and quantitative heatmap assessment of structure-behavior association patterns, and (3) the k-nearest neighbor machine learning approach using brain structure and keypress variable inputs to discriminate groups. RESULTS This study yielded three primary findings. First, CTRL, MDD, and CD participants had distinct structure-behavior linear relationships, with only 7.8% of associations overlapping between any two groups. Second, the three groups had statistically distinct slopes and qualitatively distinct association patterns. Third, a machine learning approach could discriminate between CTRL and CD, but not MDD participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that variable interactions between computational behavior and brain structure, and the patterns of these interactions, segregate MDD and CD. This work raises the hypothesis that analysis of interactions between operant tasks and structural neuroimaging might aide in the objective classification of MDD, CD and other mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Vike
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aggelos K. Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory (MAML), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory (MAML), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Kuster JK, Levenstein JM, Waugh J, Multhaupt-Buell TJ, Lee MJ, Kim BW, Pagnacco G, Makhlouf ML, Sudarsky LR, Breiter HC, Sharma N, Blood AJ. Sustained activation in basal ganglia and cerebellum after repetitive movement in a non-task-specific dystonia. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.19.533030. [PMID: 36993354 PMCID: PMC10055227 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.19.533030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed sustained fMRI BOLD signal in the basal ganglia in focal hand dystonia patients after a repetitive finger tapping task. Since this was observed in a task-specific dystonia, for which excessive task repetition may play a role in pathogenesis, in the current study we asked if this effect would be observed in a focal dystonia (cervical dystonia [CD]) that is not considered task-specific or thought to result from overuse. We evaluated fMRI BOLD signal time courses before, during, and after the finger tapping task in CD patients. We observed patient/control differences in post-tapping BOLD signal in left putamen and left cerebellum during the non-dominant (left) hand tapping condition, reflecting abnormally sustained BOLD signal in CD. BOLD signals in left putamen and cerebellum were also abnormally elevated in CD during tapping itself and escalated as tapping was repeated. There were no cerebellar differences in the previously studied FHD cohort, either during or after tapping. We conclude that some elements of pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology associated with motor task execution/repetition may not be limited to task-specific dystonias, but there may be regional differences in these effects across dystonias, associated with different types of motor control programs.
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Vike NL, Bari S, Stetsiv K, Woodward S, Lalvani S, Stefanopoulos L, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Kastaggelos AK, Breiter HC. A history of high-risk and destructive behaviors predict COVID-19 infection: A preliminary study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 7:e40821. [PMID: 36888554 PMCID: PMC10148215 DOI: 10.2196/40821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened mental health concerns, but the temporal relationship between these conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been investigated. Specifically, psychological issues, violent behaviors, and substance abuse problems were reported higher during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, it is unknown whether a pre-pandemic history of these conditions increase an individual's susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE To better understand the psychological risks underlying COVID-19, it is important to investigate how destructive and risky behaviors (related to externalizing behaviors, substance use, and crime and violence) may increase a person's susceptibility to COVID-19. METHODS Here, we analyzed data from a survey of 366 adults across the United States (ages 18-70); this survey was administered between February and March of 2021. Participants were asked to complete the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) questionnaire which indicates a history of high-risk and destructive behaviors and high likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria. The GAIN-SS includes seven questions related to externalizing behaviors, eight related to substance use issues, and five related to crime and violence. Responses were given on a temporal scale of "0" (never a given behavior) to "4" (experienced a behavior in the past month). Participants were also asked if they ever tested positive for COVID-19 and/or if they ever received a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. GAIN-SS responses were compared between those reporting and not reporting COVID-19 to deduce if those reporting COVID-19 experienced GAIN-SS behaviors more recently (Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, α=0.05). Three hypotheses surrounding the temporal relationships between the recency of GAIN-SS behaviors to COVID-19 infection were tested using proportions tests (α=0.05). GAIN-SS behaviors that significantly differed (proportions tests, α=0.05) between COVID-19 responses were included as independent variables in multivariable logistic regression (MVLR) models with iterative downsampling. This was performed to assess how well a history of GAIN-SS behaviors statistically discriminated between those reporting, and not reporting, COVID-19. RESULTS Those reporting COVID-19 more frequently indicated past GAIN-SS behaviors (Q<.05). Further, the proportion of those reporting COVID-19 was higher (Q<.05) in those also reporting a history of GAIN-SS behaviors; specifically, gambling and selling drugs were common across the three proportion tests. MVLR revealed that GAIN-SS behaviors, particularly gambling, selling drugs, and attention problems, accurately modeled self-reported COVID-19 with model accuracies ranging from 77.42-99.55% ± 4.49-5.86%. That is, those that exhibited destructive and high-risk behaviors prior to, and during, the pandemic could be discriminated from those that did not exhibit these behaviors when modeling self-reported COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Together, this preliminary study provides insight into how a history of destructive and risky behaviors influence infection susceptibility - offering possible explanations for why some persons may be more susceptible to COVID-19, potentially in relation to reduced adherence to prevention guidelines or seeking vaccination. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US
| | - Sean Woodward
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, US
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, US.,Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR
| | - Aggelos K Kastaggelos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, US.,Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, US.,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, US
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, US.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, US
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Bari S, Vike NL, Stetsiv K, Woodward S, Lalvani S, Stefanopoulos L, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Breiter HC, Katsaggelos AK. The Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms, Violent Ideation, and Disruptive Behavior in a Population With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36444. [PMID: 35763758 PMCID: PMC9384857 DOI: 10.2196/36444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease results from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to produce a range of mild to severe physical, neurological, and mental health symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly caused significant emotional distress, triggering the emergence of mental health symptoms in individuals who were not previously affected or exacerbating symptoms in those with existing mental health conditions. Emotional distress and certain mental health conditions can lead to violent ideation and disruptive behavior, including aggression, threatening acts, deliberate harm toward other people or animals, and inattention to or noncompliance with education or workplace rules. Of the many mental health conditions that can be associated with violent ideation and disruptive behavior, psychosis can evidence greater vulnerability to unpredictable changes and being at a greater risk for them. Individuals with psychosis can also be more susceptible to contracting COVID-19 disease. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms were more prevalent in a population with COVID-19 and did not precede the pandemic. Methods In this preliminary study, we analyzed questionnaire responses from a population sample (N=366), received between the end of February 2021 and the start of March 2021 (1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic), regarding COVID-19 illness, violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms. Using the Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by multiple comparisons correction, we compared the self-reported frequency of these variables for 3 time windows related to the past 1 month, past 1 month to 1 year, and >1 year ago among the distributions of people who answered whether they tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. We also used multivariable logistic regression with iterative resampling to investigate the relationship between these variables occurring >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) and the likelihood of contracting COVID-19. Results We observed a significantly higher frequency of self-reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms, for all 3 time windows of people who tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. Using multivariable logistic regression, we observed 72% to 94% model accuracy for an increased incidence of COVID-19 in participants who reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms >1 year ago. Conclusions This preliminary study found that people who reported a test or clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 also reported higher frequencies of violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms across multiple time windows, indicating that they were not likely to be the result of COVID-19. In parallel, participants who reported these behaviors >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) were more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, suggesting that violent ideation, disruptive behavior, in addition to psychotic symptoms, were associated with COVID-19 with an approximately 70% to 90% likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Bari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole L Vike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sean Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Division of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Woodward SF, Bari S, Vike N, Lalvani S, Stetsiv K, Kim BW, Stefanopoulos L, Maglaveras N, Breiter H, Katsaggelos AK. Anxiety, Post-COVID-Syndrome-related depression, and suicidal thinking and behavior in COVID-19 survivors (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36656. [PMID: 35763757 PMCID: PMC9604174 DOI: 10.2196/36656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on the general population have been well studied, studies of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on infected individuals are relatively new. To date, depression, anxiety, and neurological symptoms associated with post–COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) have been observed in the months following COVID-19 recovery. Suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) have also been preliminarily proposed as sequelae of COVID-19. Objective We asked 3 questions. First, do participants reporting a history of COVID-19 diagnosis or a close relative having severe COVID-19 symptoms score higher on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) or state anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Index) screens than those who do not? Second, do participants reporting a COVID-19 diagnosis score higher on PCS-related PHQ-9 items? Third, do participants reporting a COVID-19 diagnosis or a close relative having severe COVID-19 symptoms score higher in STB before, during, or after the first year of the pandemic? Methods This preliminary study analyzed responses to a COVID-19 and mental health questionnaire obtained from a US population sample, whose data were collected between February 2021 and March 2021. We used the Mann-Whitney U test to detect differences in the medians of the total PHQ-9 scores, PHQ-9 component scores, and several STB scores between participants claiming a past clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 and those denying one, as well as between participants claiming severe COVID-19 symptoms in a close relative and those denying them. Where significant differences existed, we created linear regression models to predict the scores based on COVID-19 response as well as demographics to identify potential confounding factors in the Mann-Whitney relationships. Moreover, for STB scores, which corresponded to 5 questions asking about 3 different time intervals (i.e., past 1 year or more, past 1 month to 1 year, and past 1 month), we developed repeated-measures ANOVAs to determine whether scores tended to vary over time. Results We found greater total depression (PHQ-9) and state anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Index) scores in those with COVID-19 history than those without (Bonferroni P=.001 and Bonferroni P=.004) despite a similar history of diagnosed depression and anxiety. Greater scores were noted for a subset of depression symptoms (PHQ-9 items) that overlapped with the symptoms of PCS (all Bonferroni Ps<.05). Moreover, we found greater overall STB scores in those with COVID-19 history, equally in time windows preceding, during, and proceeding infection (all Bonferroni Ps<.05). Conclusions We confirm previous studies linking depression and anxiety diagnoses to COVID-19 recovery. Moreover, our findings suggest that depression diagnoses associated with COVID-19 history relate to PCS symptoms, and that STB associated with COVID-19 in some cases precede infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sumra Bari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole Vike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans Breiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Park MY, Kim BW, Moehrle M, Troppenz U, Rehbein W, Sigmund A, Hong SJ. Liquid crystal filter based tunable transmitter for 25Gps wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network fronthaul. Opt Express 2020; 28:38942-38948. [PMID: 33379452 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel tunable transmitter structure based on liquid crystal filter, to the best of our knowledge, is presented. The structure is designed for application to 5G fronthaul and supports 25 Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission and tunable range of 35 nm. The design takes into account easy change of operation band over coarse WDM grid. Prototype samples are developed to test feasibility of the design.
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Ahn HS, Kim BW, Park Y, Ki M. Trends of sarcopenia and physical activity in elderly Koreans using KNHANES 2007-2017. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is one of risk factors for prevalence of chronic diseases which is associated with aging. Distribution of sarcopenia in Korea is important because Korea is one of the most rapid countries in population aging. This study aimed to understand trends in PA in elderly Koreans (≥65 years of age) and identify the proportion of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans based on a reference cutoff value of handgrip strength (28.6kg for men and 16.4kg for women).
Methods
This study was performed using data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2007-2017. Physical activity on walking (2007-2017), aerobic exercise (2014-2017), and muscle strength (2007-2017) were analyzed to understand trends of physical activity participation in elderly Koreans. Furthermore, using handgrip strength data from KNHANES (2014-2017), the study examined how sarcopenia has distributed in elderly in Korea.
Results
The proportion of elderly Koreans engaged in walking decreased from 46.8% (age standardized) in 2007 to 35.7% in 2017, and the proportion of elderly Koreans engaged in aerobic exercise decreased 41.1% in 2014 to 29.4% in 2017. Even though, the proportion of elderly Koreans engaged in muscle strength increased from 11.6% in 2007 to 17.5% in 2017, the proportion of sarcopenia in elderly men increased from 22.6% in 2014 to 29.3% in 2017 and the proportion of sarcopenia in elderly women increased from 19.3% in 2014 to 30.1% in 2017.
Conclusions
During the past 10 years, the participation in muscle strength has increased, while the participation in walking and aerobic exercise has decreased in elderly Koreans. Nevertheless, the proportion of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans has increased. This analysis provides evidence of necessity of public health efforts to implement sarcopenia reduction interventions and examine the correlation between sarcopenia and physical activity pattern in elderly Koreans.
Key messages
Although the participation of physical activity has decreased, the participation of muscle strength has increased in elderly Koreans (≥65 years of age). The increased proportion of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans showed the necessity of new public health intervention to reduce sarcopenia in spite of growing trends of muscle strength in elderly Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ahn
- Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - B W Kim
- Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y Park
- Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Moran Ki
- Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Sung KI, Lee BH, Peng JL, Kim JY, Chemere B, Oh SM, Kim MJ, Kim SC, Kim BW. 3 Comparison of hair cortisol levels and body temperature response prior to and post heat stress and water deprivation in Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - K I Sung
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B H Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J L Peng
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B Chemere
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S M Oh
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - M J Kim
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S C Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B W Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Saha SK, Choi HY, Kim BW, Dayem AA, Yang GM, Kim KS, Yin YF, Cho SG. KRT19 directly interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex to regulate NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway and breast cancer properties. Oncogene 2017; 36:332-349. [PMID: 27345400 PMCID: PMC5270332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that interactions between keratins (KRTs) and other proteins initiate signaling cascades that regulate cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In the current study, we found that expression of KRT19 was specifically high in breast cancers and significantly correlated with their invasiveness. Moreover, knockdown of KRT19 led to increased proliferation, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and sphere formation in breast cancer cells via an upregulated NOTCH signaling pathway. This was owing to reduced expression of NUMB, an inhibitory protein of the NOTCH signaling pathway. In addition, we found that KRT19 interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex and enhances the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Concordantly, knockdown of KRT19 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin as well as β-catenin-mediated NUMB expression. Furthermore, modulation of KRT19-mediated regulation of NUMB and NOTCH1 expression led to the repression of the cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer patient-derived CD133high/CXCR4high/ALDH1high cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which showed very low KRT19 and high NOTCH1 expression. Taken together, our study suggests a novel function for KRT19 in the regulation of nuclear import of the β-catenin/RAC1 complex, thus modulating the NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway in breast cancers and CSLCs, which might bear potential clinical implications for cancer or CSLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B W Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A A Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-M Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y F Yin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gilman JM, Lee S, Kuster JK, Lee MJ, Kim BW, van der Kouwe A, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Variable activation in striatal subregions across components of a social influence task in young adult cannabis users. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00459. [PMID: 27257518 PMCID: PMC4873656 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research have demonstrated the importance of social influence in initiation and maintenance of drug use, but little is known about neural mechanisms underlying social influence in young adults who use recreational drugs. METHODS To better understand whether the neural and/or behavioral response to social influence differs in young adults using illicit drugs, 20 marijuana-using young adults (MJ) aged 18-25, and 20 controls (CON) performed a decision-making task in the context of social influence, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A priori analyses focused on the nucleus accumbens (NAc), with post hoc analyses in the rest of the striatum. In this task, participants could choose to either follow or go against group influence. RESULTS When subjects applied social information to response choice selection (independent of following or going against group influence), we observed activation in the middle striatum (caudate), in the MJ group only, that extended ventrally into the NAc. MJ users but not CON showed greater activation in the NAc but not the caudate while making choices congruent with group influence as opposed to choices going against group influence. Activation in the NAc when following social influence was associated with amount of drug use reported. In contrast, during the feedback phase of the task we observed significant NAc activation in both MJ and CON, along with dorsal caudate activation only in MJ participants. This NAc activation did not correlate with drug use. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that MJ users, but not CON, show differential brain activation across striatal subregions when applying social information to make a decision, following versus going against a group of peers, or receiving positive feedback. The current work suggests that differential neural sensitivity to social influence in regions such as the striatum may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sang Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - John K Kuster
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Anne J Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115; Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois 06011; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts 02129
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Viswanathan V, Lee S, Gilman JM, Kim BW, Lee N, Chamberlain L, Livengood SL, Raman K, Lee MJ, Kuster J, Stern DB, Calder B, Mulhern FJ, Blood AJ, Breiter HC. Age-related striatal BOLD changes without changes in behavioral loss aversion. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:176. [PMID: 25983682 PMCID: PMC4415398 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss aversion (LA), the idea that negative valuations have a higher psychological impact than positive ones, is considered an important variable in consumer research. The literature on aging and behavior suggests older individuals may show more LA, although it is not clear if this is an effect of aging in general (as in the continuum from age 20 and 50 years), or of the state of older age (e.g., past age 65 years). We also have not yet identified the potential biological effects of aging on the neural processing of LA. In the current study we used a cohort of subjects with a 30 year range of ages, and performed whole brain functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VS/NAc) response during a passive viewing of affective faces with model-based fMRI analysis incorporating behavioral data from a validated approach/avoidance task with the same stimuli. Our a priori focus on the VS/NAc was based on (1) the VS/NAc being a central region for reward/aversion processing; (2) its activation to both positive and negative stimuli; (3) its reported involvement with tracking LA. LA from approach/avoidance to affective faces showed excellent fidelity to published measures of LA. Imaging results were then compared to the behavioral measure of LA using the same affective faces. Although there was no relationship between age and LA, we observed increasing neural differential sensitivity (NDS) of the VS/NAc to avoidance responses (negative valuations) relative to approach responses (positive valuations) with increasing age. These findings suggest that a central region for reward/aversion processing changes with age, and may require more activation to produce the same LA behavior as in younger individuals, consistent with the idea of neural efficiency observed with high IQ individuals showing less brain activation to complete the same task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nick Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Marketing Group, Aston Business School Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Chamberlain
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Marketing Group, Aston Business School Birmingham, UK
| | - Sherri L Livengood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalyan Raman
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel B Stern
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bobby Calder
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frank J Mulhern
- Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA ; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Applied Neuromarketing Consortium: Northwestern University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics (UK) and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University Chicago, IL, USA ; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory or Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Northwestern University and Massachusetts General Hospital Phenotype Genotype Project in Addiction and Mood Disorders Chicago, IL, USA
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Chung SY, Venkatramanan S, Park N, Rajesh R, Ramkumar T, Kim BW. An assessment of selected hydrochemical parameter trend of the Nakdong River water in South Korea, using time series analyses and PCA. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:4192. [PMID: 25519872 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Time series analyses (autocorrelation, spectral density, and cross-correlation) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to understand the characteristics of the selected hydrochemical parameters pH, turbidity, alkalinity, Cl, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and metals Fe and Mn in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Autocorrelation and spectral density for pH, alkalinity, hardness, and Cl were very similar to TDS, whereas Fe, Mn, and turbidity showed different trends from TDS. Cross-correlograms of pH, alkalinity, hardness, and Cl versus TDS were very similar to each other. Those of Fe and turbidity represented the opposite relations with other components. Cross-correlation coefficients had the highest values at zero lag, indicating that pH, alkalinity, hardness, and Cl are controlling factors for TDS. On the other hand, Fe and turbidity showed the highest values at 6-month lag and Mn at a month lag. PCA indicated that TDS had very close relation with hardness, pH, and Cl and very small relation with Mn. Turbidity and Fe had relatively opposite relations with TDS. It was concluded that the geostatistical methods were very useful for evaluating the hydrochemical characteristics of the Nakdong River water in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon-dong Nam-gu, Busan, 608-737, South Korea,
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Lee JN, Kim BS, Kim HT, Kim TH, Yoo ES, Choi GS, Kim BW, Kwon TG. Oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for pT3 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2014; 66:157-164. [PMID: 25072130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We present the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy management of pT3 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. METHODS Between October 2003 and January 2011, 50 patients with pT3 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma which had pathologically confirmed underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy at our institution. Demographic data, perioperative results, pathological findings and oncologic outcomes were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 36 patients (72%) of high grade lesion and 14 patients (28%) of low grade lesion. Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 16 patients (32%) and the surgical margin was positive in one patient. N stage was pN0 in 16 (32%), pN1 in 3 (6%), pN2 in 1 (2%) and pN3 in 1 (2%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 52.6% and the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 65.3%. Overall recurrence developed in 23 patients. There were 10 patients (20%) of urothelial recurrence which were all occurred in the bladder at the mean period of 13.6 months, and 7 patients of them were invasive bladder cancer. There were 16 patients (32%) of non-urothelial recurrence developed at the mean period of 9.69 months. On multivariate analyses lymphadenopathy and lymph node involvement of cancer (N+) were identified as independent predictive factors for the cancer-specific survival, and concomitant bladder tumor, grade and lymphovascular invasion were identified as independent predictive factors for the overall recurrence free survival. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in patients with high stage upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma appear comparable to those of open surgery in the regard of oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Lee
- Department of Urology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea -
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Hur SJ, Jeong TC, Kim GD, Jeong JY, Cho IC, Lim HT, Kim BW, Joo ST. Comparison of live performance and meat quality parameter of cross bred (korean native black pig and landrace) pigs with different coat colors. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1047-53. [PMID: 25049884 PMCID: PMC4093497 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Five hundred and forty crossbred (Korean native black pig×Landrace) F2 were selected at a commercial pig farm and then divided into six different coat color groups: (A: Black, B: White, C: Red, D: White spot in black, E: Black spot in white, F: Black spot in red). Birth weight, 21st d weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight varied among the different coat color groups. D group (white spot in black coat) showed a significantly higher body weight at each weigh (birth weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight) than did the other groups, whereas the C group (red coat color) showed a significantly lower body weight at finishing stage (140th d weight and carcass weight) compared to other groups. Meat quality characteristics, shear force, cooking loss and meat color were not significantly different among the different coat color groups, whereas drip loss was significantly higher in F than in other groups. Most blood characteristics were not significantly different among the different groups, except for the red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hur
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - T C Jeong
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - G D Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - J Y Jeong
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - I C Cho
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - H T Lim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - B W Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - S T Joo
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Park SY, Kim J, Kim BW, Wang HJ, Kim SS, Cheong JY, Cho SW, Won JH. Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract with N-butyl cyanoacrylate. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140347. [PMID: 25027034 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (N-BCA) embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract and to establish an appropriate technique. METHODS 40 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic portal venous intervention for various reasons. Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract was performed after the procedure in all of the patients using N-BCA and Lipiodol® (Lipiodol Ultra Fluide; Laboratoire Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) mixture. Immediate ultrasonography and fluoroscopy were performed to evaluate perihepatic haematoma formation and unintended embolization of more than one segmental portal vein. Follow-up CT was performed, and haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were checked to evaluate the presence of bleeding. RESULTS Immediate haemostasis was achieved in all of the patients, without development of perihepatic haematoma or unintended embolization of more than one segmental portal vein. Complete embolization of percutaneous access tract was confirmed in 39 out of 40 patients by CT. Seven patients showed decreased haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. Other complications included mild pain at the site of embolization and mild fever, which resolved after conservative management. 16 patients died during the follow-up period owing to progression of the underlying disease. CONCLUSION Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein access tract with N-BCA is feasible and technically safe. With the appropriate technique, N-BCA can be safely used as an alternate embolic material since it is easy to use and inexpensive compared with other embolic materials. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first study to investigate the efficacy of N-BCA for percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Park
- 1 Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Yang YX, Guo J, Jin Z, Yoon SY, Choi JY, Wang MH, Piao XS, Kim BW, Chae BJ. Lysine restriction and realimentation affected growth, blood profiles and expression of genes related to protein and fat metabolism in weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 93:732-43. [PMID: 19138351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of lysine restriction and subsequent realimentation on growth performance, blood profiles and gene expression of leptin and myostatin, 128 weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) 6.96 ± 1.07 kg, 26 ± 2 days of age] were randomly allotted to four treatments. The starter diets during the first 2 weeks (P1) contained 100%, 80%, 70% or 60% of recommended lysine levels (National Research Council, 1998). Then, common grower 1 and 2 diets were offered for 2 weeks (P2 and P3) each. During P1, average daily gain (ADG) was linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of lysine restriction. Growth rate was greater in pigs previously fed lysine-restricted diets than well-fed pigs although it did not reach a significant level during realimentation. However, the final BW and overall ADG were the lowest (p < 0.05) and F/G was poor in pigs fed 60% lysine diet. Relative visceral organ weights and composition of skeletal muscle were similar (p > 0.05) among the treatment. Blood triglyceride and glucose levels were increased (p < 0.05) during P1, while blood urine nitrogen, total protein and albumin levels were decreased (p < 0.05) during P2 with the reduction in dietary lysine levels. The abundance of myostatin mRNA in skeletal muscle and leptin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue were lower (p < 0.05) in lysine-restricted pigs than in pigs fed non-restricted diets. In conclusion, 80% and 70% lysine restriction of starter diets resulted in inferior growth and compensatory growth effect was noted during realimentation, while 60% lysine restriction had a negative influence on growth performance. Moreover, the changes in myostatin and leptin mRNA abundance caused by nutritional manipulations may be involved in the regulation of protein and fat deposition in young pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Yang
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Lim HT, Zhong T, Cho IC, Seo BY, Kim JH, Lee SS, Ko MS, Park HB, Kim BW, Lee JH, Jeon JT. Novel alternative splicing by exon skipping in KIT associated with whole-body roan in an intercrossed population of Landrace and Korean Native pigs. Anim Genet 2011; 42:451-5. [PMID: 21749430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The KIT locus has been suggested to be a strong candidate region linked with whole-body roan in the F(2) population produced by intercrosses between Landrace and Korean Native pigs. In this manuscript, we report the finding of a novel alternative splicing event in the porcine KIT gene that results in the skipping of exon 5 in the I(Rn) allele. KIT mRNAs that lack exon 5 were identified in the large intestine and skin, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the skipping of exon 5 may be tissue specific. A U(26) repeat in intron 5 showed complete linkage (LOD = 11.8) with the roan phenotype and absolute association with the black phenotype of the Korean Native pig (KNP) population samples, inferring that the repeat pattern may alter the complementary base-pairing-mediated looping-out of introns 4 and 5, which may mediate the exon 5-skipping event. Although the sample size in our study was relatively small, we speculate that the R3 allele containing the U(26) repeat is a causative element for the roan phenotype via alternative control of the exon skipping in our roan pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science, BK21 Program, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea. s_htim @gnu.ac.kr
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Blood AJ, Iosifescu DV, Makris N, Perlis RH, Kennedy DN, Dougherty DD, Kim BW, Lee MJ, Wu S, Lee S, Calhoun J, Hodge SM, Fava M, Rosen BR, Smoller JW, Gasic GP, Breiter HC. Microstructural abnormalities in subcortical reward circuitry of subjects with major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13945. [PMID: 21124764 PMCID: PMC2993928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) have focused on abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal regions. There has been little investigation in MDD of midbrain and subcortical regions central to reward/aversion function, such as the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN), and medial forebrain bundle (MFB). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the microstructural integrity of this circuitry using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 22 MDD subjects and compared them with 22 matched healthy control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were increased in the right VT and reduced in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter in MDD subjects. Follow-up analysis suggested two distinct subgroups of MDD patients, which exhibited non-overlapping abnormalities in reward/aversion circuitry. The MDD subgroup with abnormal FA values in VT exhibited significantly greater trait anxiety than the subgroup with normal FA values in VT, but the subgroups did not differ in levels of anhedonia, sadness, or overall depression severity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that MDD may be associated with abnormal microstructure in brain reward/aversion regions, and that there may be at least two subtypes of microstructural abnormalities which each impact core symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Blood
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikos Makris
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Morphometric Analysis and Center for Integrative Informatics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David N. Kennedy
- Center for Morphometric Analysis and Center for Integrative Informatics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Darin D. Dougherty
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shirley Wu
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sang Lee
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jesse Calhoun
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Hodge
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Morphometric Analysis and Center for Integrative Informatics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Gasic
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Addiction Research Program, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC) and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kim BW, Kennedy DN, Lehár J, Lee MJ, Blood AJ, Lee S, Perlis RH, Smoller JW, Morris R, Fava M, Breiter HC. Recurrent, robust and scalable patterns underlie human approach and avoidance. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10613. [PMID: 20532247 PMCID: PMC2879576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approach and avoidance behavior provide a means for assessing the rewarding or aversive value of stimuli, and can be quantified by a keypress procedure whereby subjects work to increase (approach), decrease (avoid), or do nothing about time of exposure to a rewarding/aversive stimulus. To investigate whether approach/avoidance behavior might be governed by quantitative principles that meet engineering criteria for lawfulness and that encode known features of reward/aversion function, we evaluated whether keypress responses toward pictures with potential motivational value produced any regular patterns, such as a trade-off between approach and avoidance, or recurrent lawful patterns as observed with prospect theory. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three sets of experiments employed this task with beautiful face images, a standardized set of affective photographs, and pictures of food during controlled states of hunger and satiety. An iterative modeling approach to data identified multiple law-like patterns, based on variables grounded in the individual. These patterns were consistent across stimulus types, robust to noise, describable by a simple power law, and scalable between individuals and groups. Patterns included: (i) a preference trade-off counterbalancing approach and avoidance, (ii) a value function linking preference intensity to uncertainty about preference, and (iii) a saturation function linking preference intensity to its standard deviation, thereby setting limits to both. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These law-like patterns were compatible with critical features of prospect theory, the matching law, and alliesthesia. Furthermore, they appeared consistent with both mean-variance and expected utility approaches to the assessment of risk. Ordering of responses across categories of stimuli demonstrated three properties thought to be relevant for preference-based choice, suggesting these patterns might be grouped together as a relative preference theory. Since variables in these patterns have been associated with reward circuitry structure and function, they may provide a method for quantitative phenotyping of normative and pathological function (e.g., psychiatric illness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Woo Kim
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David N. Kennedy
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lehár
- Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myung Joo Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sang Lee
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit of the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Morris
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration (MENC), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kim BW, Bae BK, Lee JM, Won JH, Park YK, Xu WG, Wang HJ, Kim MW. Duct-to-duct biliary reconstructions and complications in 100 living donor liver transplantations. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1749-55. [PMID: 19545721 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the risk factors for biliary complications and surgical procedures for duct-to-duct reconstructions in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). PATIENTS AND METHODS From February 2005 to March 2008, we performed 100 cases of adult LDLT with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction, using 64 right lobe grafts, 33 left lobe grafts, and 3 right lateral grafts. We employed 4 types of duct-to-duct procedures: all interrupted 6-0 Prolene suture (group 1, n = 9); continuous posterior and interrupted anterior wall 6-0 Prolene suture (group 2, n = 49); all continuous 7-0 Prolene suture (group 3, n = 26); and all continuous 7-0 Prolene suture with external stent (group 4, n = 16). Biliary complications were defined as an anastomosis stricture or a leakage. RESULTS Thirty-four patients experienced biliary complications during the follow-up period (median, 27 months). The incidence of stricture was 27% and that of leakage, 8%. There were no perioperative, intraoperative, or anatomic risk factors for biliary complications, except the type of duct-to-duct procedure. Group 1 and 2 patients showed higher incidences of biliary strictures than groups 3 and 4 (43.1% vs 4.7%; P = .00). Group 3 patients experienced a higher incidence of bile leakage than the other groups (23.1% vs 2.7%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS The type of biliary reconstruction is a factor affecting biliary complications following duct-to-duct anastomosis in LDLT. Duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis with 7-0 monofilament suture and a small external stent is a feasible procedure in LDLT that significantly reduces the incidence of biliary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Hwangbo J, Hong EC, Jang A, Kang HK, Oh JS, Kim BW, Park BS. Utilization of house fly-maggots, a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens. J Environ Biol 2009; 30:609-614. [PMID: 20120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the utilization of maggots as a feed supplement forenhanced broiler performance. Maggots, which are a major dietary source of protein, appear during the biodegradation of chicken droppings using house flies. The objective ofthe present study was to investigate the effect of maggot supplementation on the meat quality and growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old male commercial broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 40 replicates of 3 birds. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0% maggots. Overall, broiler chicken performance was influenced by the optimal amino acid profile; high protein (63.99%) and essential amino acid content (29.46%), or high protein digestibility (98.50%) of the maggots. Maggot supplementation caused linear increases in live weight gain but not the feed conversion ratio. The diets of 10 and 15% maggots was the most efficient in terms of average weight gain forthe 4-5 week old broiler chickens (p<0.05). It also significantly increased dressing percentage, breast muscle, and thigh muscle (p<0.05). No differences were observed forliver abdominalfat, or meat color, and the crude protein contents of breast muscle were constant. However, in the maggot-fed broilers, breast muscle lysine and tryptophan levels increased significantly as compared to the birds fed the basal diet (p<0.05). These results indicate that feeding diets containing 10 to 15% maggots in chicken dropping after biodegradation can improve the carcass quality and growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hwangbo
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon-441 706, South Korea
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Yang YX, Guo J, Yoon SY, Jin Z, Choi JY, Piao XS, Kim BW, Ohh SJ, Wang MH, Chae BJ. Early energy and protein reduction: effects on growth, blood profiles and expression of genes related to protein and fat metabolism in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:218-27. [PMID: 19373723 DOI: 10.1080/00071660902736706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. A total of 320-d-old Ross broilers were used in a 6-week study to investigate the effects of feeding lower energy and protein diets from d 8 to 14 on growth performance, blood profiles, and gene expression of leptin and myostatin. 2. Broilers were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, each treatment applied to 4 pens with 20 birds in each. During first week, all the birds were fed on a common starter diet (13.4 MJ ME/kg, 230 g/kg CP and 11.0 g/kg lysine). The birds were then subjected to their respective treatment diets from d 8 to 14. Treatment diets comprised two ME levels, 13.4 and 12.0 MJ/kg, each with two levels of CP, 230 and 184 g/kg. This was followed by feeding common starter and finisher diets for the last 4 weeks. 3. Dietary protein reduction resulted in poor performance and feed efficiency while energy reduction resulted in poor feed efficiency between d 8 and 14. From d 14 to 42 birds previously fed diets lower in energy and protein showed similar body weight gain and feed intake to well-fed birds. Moreover from d 8 to 14, birds fed on energy and protein-reduced diets had lower nutrient metabolisability coefficients. 4. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and relative weights of heart and breast muscle were lower in birds fed protein-reduced diets while energy reduction resulted in lower plasma glucose, abdominal fat and intestinal weight at d 14. At d 42, birds fed on the protein-reduced diets had lower BUN, breast muscle weight and small intestine length, while feeding on the energy-reduced diets resulted in lower abdominal fat. 5. Upregulated myostatin mRNA expression in breast muscle and downregulation of leptin mRNA expression in abdominal fat were observed in birds fed on protein and energy-reduced diets, respectively. 6. In conclusion, early nutrient reduction affected growth performance and produced lesser abdominal fat in broilers. Moreover, early energy and/or protein reduction could change muscle and fat metabolism by regulating the expressions of myostatin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Yang
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Jang HY, Kim YH, Kim BW, Park IC, Cheong HT, Kim JT, Park CK, Kong HS, Lee HK, Yang BK. Ameliorative Effects of Melatonin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress on Boar Sperm Characteristics and SubsequentIn VitroEmbryo Development. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:943-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang YX, Guo J, Jin Z, Yoon SY, Choi JY, Piao XS, Wang MH, Ohh SJ, Kim BW, Chae BJ. Effects of metabolizable energy and lysine restrictions on growth performance, blood profiles, and expression of myostatin and leptin genes in broilers. Can J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of metabolizable energy and lysine restriction on performance, and gene expression of leptin and myostatin, three hundred twenty day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments. Birds were subjected to their respective diets comprising two levels of ME (3200; 2880 kcal kg-1) and two levels of lysine (1.10; 0.88%) during days 8 to 21. The dietary crude protein levels were reduced with the proportion to the lysine levels, while ratios of essential amino acids relative to lysine were similar for all diets. During restriction, weight gain, breast muscle and abdominal fat yield were lower in birds fed lysine-restricted diets. Relative myostatin mRNA abundance was increased in breast muscle of lysine-restricted birds, while expression of leptin mRNA in abdominal fat was downregulated by energy and lysine restriction. During realimentation, birds previously fed with energy and/or lysine-restricted diets had comparable performance as birds fed unrestricted diets. At day 42, energy and lysine restriction increased relative myostatin mRNA expression in breast muscle and birds previously fed diet restricted in both energy and lysine had the highest relative myostatin mRNA expression (energy × lysine interaction, P < 0.001). The relative leptin mRNA abundance was significantly lower in birds previously fed energy-restricted diets. These results indicated that early energy and lysine restriction from day 8 to 21 exhibited growth compensation during realimentation. In addition, myostatin and leptin mRNA expression in breast muscle and abdominal fat were modulated by nutritional treatments and were closely associated with changes in breast muscle yield and abdominal fat deposition. Key words: Metabolizable energy, lysine, myostatin, leptin, broiler
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Park YK, Kim BW, Wang HJ, Kim MW. Auxiliary partial orthotopic living donor liver transplantation in a patient with Wilson's disease: a case report. Transplant Proc 2009; 40:3808-9. [PMID: 19100498 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A patient with end-stage liver cirrhosis and neurological disorder due to Wilson's disease (WD) underwent auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) using a living donor. He first visited our institute complaining of hand tremor, which was diagnosed as WD. Despite medical therapy, hepatic impairment progressed toward portal hypertensive complications. He was considered a suitable candidate for living donor-related liver transplantation. However, because of the impossibility of mobilization of the lateral section due to severe splenomegaly at the time of the recipient operation, we performed an APOLT using a right lobe graft. After transplantation, he suffered hepatic vein stenosis and biliary stenosis, receiving interventional therapy. The remnant native liver volume decreased, and the volume of the graft increased serially after transplantation. At the time of reporting, the patient had a normal working life with normal serum ceruloplasmin level and without neurologic problems at 26 months posttransplantation. APOLT may be a therapeutic option for patients with WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Park
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Perlis RH, Holt DJ, Smoller JW, Blood AJ, Lee S, Kim BW, Lee MJ, Sun M, Makris N, Kennedy DK, Rooney K, Dougherty DD, Hoge R, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Gusella J, Gasic GP, Breiter HC. Association of a polymorphism near CREB1 with differential aversion processing in the insula of healthy participants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:882-92. [PMID: 18678793 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous functional neuroimaging studies have identified a network of brain regions that process aversive stimuli, including anger. A polymorphism near the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein gene (CREB1) has recently been associated with greater self-reported effort at anger control as well as risk for antidepressant treatment-emergent suicidality in men with major depressive disorder, but its functional effects have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether this genetic variant is associated with altered brain processing of and behavioral avoidance responses to angry facial expressions. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 28 white participants (mean age, 29.2 years; 13 women) were screened using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to exclude any lifetime Axis I psychiatric disorder and were genotyped for rs4675690, a single-nucleotide polymorphism near CREB1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood oxygenation level-dependent signal by functional magnetic resonance imaging in the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex during passive viewing of photographs of faces with emotional expressions. To measure approach and avoidance responses to anger, an off-line key-press task that traded effort for viewing time assessed valuation of angry faces compared with other expressions. RESULTS The CREB1-linked single-nucleotide polymorphism was associated with significant differential activation in an extended neural network responding to angry and other facial expressions. The CREB1-associated insular activation was coincident with activation associated with behavioral avoidance of angry faces. CONCLUSIONS A polymorphism near CREB1 is associated with responsiveness to angry faces in a brain network implicated in processing aversion. Coincident activation in the left insula is further associated with behavioral avoidance of these stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy H Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sasaki Y, Rajimehr R, Kim BW, Ekstrom LB, Vanduffel W, Tootell RBH. The radial bias: a different slant on visual orientation sensitivity in human and nonhuman primates. Neuron 2006; 51:661-70. [PMID: 16950163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that sensitivity to different stimulus orientations is mapped in a globally equivalent fashion across primate visual cortex, at a spatial scale larger than that of orientation columns. However, some evidence predicts instead that radial orientations should produce higher activity than other orientations, throughout visual cortex. Here, this radial orientation bias was robustly confirmed using (1) human psychophysics, plus fMRI in (2) humans and (3) behaving monkeys. In visual cortex, fMRI activity was at least 20% higher in the retinotopic representations of polar angle which corresponded to the radial stimulus orientations (relative to tangential). In a global demonstration of this, we activated complementary retinotopic quadrants of visual cortex by simply changing stimulus orientation, without changing stimulus location in the visual field. This evidence reveals a neural link between orientation sensitivity and the cortical retinotopy, which have previously been considered independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sasaki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Jeong GS, Kim BW. The influence of light/dark cycle at low light frequency on the desulfurization by a photosynthetic microorganism. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 87:481-8. [PMID: 16232502 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/1998] [Accepted: 01/19/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
H2S dissolved in water can be converted to elementary sulfur or sulfate by the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. The effects of the light/dark cycle on cell growth and the rate of sulfide removal were investigated to develop an appropriate fermentation strategy. Dark fermentation was also studied without addition of H2S and CO2 as electron and carbon sources. Average specific growth rates of bacterial cultures with a continuous supply of H2S and CO2 both in light and dark conditions were occurred in the range of 0.008 to 0.009 h(-1), indicating little dependence on the light/dark cycle, but about 25% of the growth rate that was occurred only in the presence of light. Average H2S removal capacities for cultures grown under the light/dark cycles of 14/10 , 12/12 , and 9/15 h, respectively, with a continuous supply of feed gases, were 0.08, 0.07, and 0.04 micromol H2S.min(-1)/mg protein.l(-1) in the dark, and was slightly less than those in the light. H2S removal capacity with variation of the light/dark cycle was about 30-60% of that obtained in the continuously illuminated cultures. ATP concentration in the dark decreased from 0.43 to 0.37 mg ATP.mg protein(-1) as the daily dark duration decreased from 15 to 10 h. The production rate for lactic acid from a culture grown without a supply of mixtures of H2S and CO2 gases was 0.218 g lactic acid.l(-1).h(-1), much more than that grown with a supply of feed gas mixtures. Time-averaged concentrations of lactic acid produced overall during the light and dark periods were 13.7 g lactic acid.l(-1) during the light/dark cycle of 14/10 h without a supply of feed gas, and 3.1 and 2.4 g lactic acid.l(-1) during the cycles of 9/15 and 14/10 h, respectively, with a supply of feed gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Kim BW, Daniels GH, Harrison BJ, Price A, Harney JW, Larsen PR, Weetman AP. Overexpression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in follicular carcinoma as a cause of low circulating free thyroxine levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:594-8. [PMID: 12574186 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid function is normally undisturbed in patients with thyroid carcinoma. We have identified three patients with large or widely metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma who had a persistently increased ratio of serum T(3) to T(4) in the absence of autonomous production of T(3) by the tumor. To investigate the possibility of tumor-mediated T(4) to T(3) conversion, we assayed types 1 and 2 iodothyronine selenodeiodinase (D1 and D2) activity in a 965-g follicular thyroid carcinoma resected from one of these patients. The V(max) for D2 was 8-fold higher than in normal human thyroid tissue. Resection of this tumor, leaving the left thyroid lobe intact, normalized the serum T(3) to T(4) ratio. In two other patients, treatment with sufficient levothyroxine to suppress TSH was associated with a high normal T(3) and a subnormal free T(4) index. In one, concomitant administration of the D1 inhibitors, propylthiouracil and propranolol, did not decrease the elevated serum T(3) to T(4) ratio. These data illustrate that increased T(4) to T(3) conversion in follicular thyroid carcinomas, probably by D2, can cause a significant perturbation in peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Rue SW, Kim BW, Jun DY, Kim YH. Nucleotide sequence and cell cycle-associated differential expression of ZF5128, a novel Kruppel type zinc finger protein gene. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1522:230-7. [PMID: 11779640 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the ZF5128 gene, encoding a novel Kruppel type zinc finger protein, has been determined. The ZF5128 gene has a predicted 553-amino acid open reading frame, encoding a putative 61 kDa zinc finger protein. The N-terminus of the ZF5128 coding region has a well-conserved Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain that consists of KRAB box A and B, whereas the C-terminus contains a Kruppel type C2H2 zinc finger domain possessing nine C2H2 zinc finger motifs in tandem arrays with the highly conserved space region of the H/C-link. Each C2H2 zinc finger motif has a typical consensus sequence of CX2CX3FX5LX2HX3H. A 3.2 kb transcript specific for ZF5128 was expressed at high levels in the spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood leukocyte, and weakly expressed in the prostate, ovary, small intestine, colon (mucosal lining), placenta, lung, and pancreas. Although there was no detectable ZF5128 mRNA in unstimulated human peripheral T cells, it was first detectable 1.5 h after activation by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and reached a maximum in 25-30 h. During the cell cycle progression of Jurkat T cells, the expression of ZF5128 mRNA appeared to be induced in G1 and reached a maximum in the S phase, but declined as the cells entered the G2/M phase. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced monocytic differentiation of U937, which also resulted in growth arrest, down-regulated the expression of ZF5128 mRNA. Taken together, these results indicate that ZF5128 is a novel gene encoding a Kruppel type C2H2 zinc finger protein and is regulated at the transcriptional level depending on tissue type and the cell cycle status to support cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Rue
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 702-701, Taegu, South Korea
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Abstract
Hypermethylation of CpG island is a common mechanism for the inactivation of tumor-related genes. In the present study, we analyzed 13 genitourinary cancer cell lines for aberrant DNA methylation of 5 tumor-related genes using methylation- specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). GSTP1 was methylated in 5 (38.5%), E-cadherin in 1 (8%), VHL in 1 (8%), and MGMT and hMLH1 in none (0%). Six out of thirteen genitourinary cancer cell lines had methylation of at least one of five genes; 5 had one gene methylated, and, 1 had two genes methylated. Methylation of these 5 genes was not detected in any of the bladder cancer cell lines. GSTP1 was methylated in all of the 3 prostate cancer cell lines. We conclude that aberrant hypermethylation may be an important mechanism for the inactivation of cancer-related genes in kidney and prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Chung
- Department of Dental Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.
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Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that excision of the GnRH first intron (intron A) was largely attenuated in non-GnRH-producing tissues but accelerated in GnRH neurons. In the present study, we examined the splicing rate of GnRH pre-mRNA in developing normal mice and adult hypogonadal mice. The preoptic area and cerebral cortex were removed from mice at ages 1-7 wk. GnRH pre-mRNA splicing was examined by competitive RT-PCR using a variety of primer sets. The ratio of mature mRNA to intron A-containing RNA species in the preoptic area was lowest in 1- and 2-wk-old mice, significantly augmented in 3-wk-old mice, and further increased until adulthood. In contrast, the ratio of mRNA to intron A-containing RNA in the cerebral cortex was extremely low, drastically decreased in 3-wk-old mice, and remained at low levels until adulthood. These data indicate a preoptic area-specific increase in intron A excision during development. Intron B or C excision in the preoptic area was not significantly changed during development. To elucidate the possible involvement of the exonic splicing enhancers located in GnRH exons 3 and 4 in the developmental increase in intron A excision, we examined the splicing rate of GnRH pre-mRNA in hypogonadal mice whose GnRH exons 3 and 4 were truncated. The intron A excision in the preoptic area of hypogonadal mice was significantly lower than that of normal mice but similar to that in other tissues, such as cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. To support the functional relevance of intron A-containing RNA species, we examined the translation efficiency of intron A-containing RNA. Insertion of intron A sequence into the upstream portion of the luciferase open reading frame significantly decreased translation efficiency. The present study demonstrates that intron A excision in the preoptic area is developmentally regulated in normal mice but largely attenuated in hypogonadal mice, indicating the functional importance of intron A excision in GnRH pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Seong
- Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Korea
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Kim BW, Cho SH, Rha SE, Choi H, Choi KY, Cha SB, Choi MG, Chung IS, Sun HS, Park DH. Esophagomediastinal fistula and esophageal stricture as a complication of esophageal candidiasis: a case report. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 52:772-5. [PMID: 11115916 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2000.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B W Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Biological desulfurization using C. thiosulfatophilum has many more advantages over conventional physico-chemical methods due to low operational cost and no production of secondary pollutants. However, it requires effective and economical supply of light energy, which is a key factor in determining the success of commercialization. In this study, optical-fiber photobioreactor with internal illumination system was applied to increase the light availability. Furthermore, sunlight was used as the main light energy in the daytime and metal-halide lamp was applied as an additional light energy at night. Most UV light was eliminated by the chromatic aberration of the aspherical lenses in the solar light collector and 60% of infrared light intensity was eliminated. Physical scratching optical fibers enhanced the light availability about five times as much as that with unscratched ones in the previous study, but it resulted in the adsorption problem of elementary sulfur particles deteriorating light diffusivity considerably in a long operation. In order to solve this problem, scratched optical fibers were inserted into pyrex-glass tubes, which made light diffusivity nearly the same as that without glass tubes. Removal rate per unit cell concentration, using sunlight in the daytime and a metal-halide lamp at night, was 0.41 <0.73 micromol H(2)S min(-1)/(mg protein l(-1)) using a 400 W metal-halide lamp day and night, since the automatic sunlight collection system can transmit the light intensity as only 10% of that with a metal-halide lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sung Kyun Kwan University, 440-746, Suwon, South Korea
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Lee MC, Kim BW, Kim JS, Lee JS, Kim KS, Lee JH, Nam JH, Rowe SM, Kim SU. Neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by gangliosides. Brain Tumor Pathol 1998; 14:5-11. [PMID: 9384796 DOI: 10.1007/bf02478862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of gangliosides induced neuronal differentiation with prominent neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Neuritogenesis was characterized by ruffling of the cell membrane, the development of lamellipodia and filopodia, and the subsequent elongation and branching of the neurites ultrastructurally. Both axons and neurites were identified. Increased numbers of cell organelles in the neurites and cell bodies were noted. Nonsynaptic contacts and gap junctions formed between neurites or between each neurite and cell body. These findings could be implicated in histopathologic changes from neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Medical Center, Kwangju, Korea
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Choi JI, Schifferle RE, Yoshimura F, Kim BW. Capsular polysaccharide-fimbrial protein conjugate vaccine protects against Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Infect Immun 1998; 66:391-3. [PMID: 9423888 PMCID: PMC107916 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.1.391-393.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of immunization with either a Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbrial protein, a capsular polysaccharide, or a capsular polysaccharide-fimbrial protein conjugate vaccine were compared in hu-PBL-SCID mice. A significantly higher human immunoglobulin G antibody response and the highest degree of in vivo protection against bacterial challenge was observed in the group immunized with the conjugate vaccine. It was concluded that capsular polysaccharide-fimbrial protein conjugate from P. gingivalis could potentially be developed as a vaccine against periodontal infection by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Kim BW, Majerfeld A. Analysis of ionized-impurity-scattering relaxation time and mobility by the phase-shift method for two interacting valence bands. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:1553-1561. [PMID: 9978871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Higgins MJ, Smilinich NJ, Sait S, Koenig A, Pongratz J, Gessler M, Richard CW, James MR, Sanford JP, Kim BW. An ordered NotI fragment map of human chromosome band 11p15. Genomics 1994; 23:211-22. [PMID: 7829073 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An ordered NotI fragment map containing over 60 loci and encompassing approximately 17 Mb has been constructed for human chromosome band 11p15. Forty-two probes, including 11 NotI-linking cosmids, were subregionally mapped to 11p15 using a subset of the J1-deletion hybrids. These and 23 other probes defining loci previously mapped to 11p15 were hybridized to genomic DNA digested with NotI and 5 other infrequently cleaving restriction enzymes and separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-nine distinct NotI fragments were detected encompassing approximately 85% of the estimated length of 11p15. The predicted order of the gene loci used is cen-MYOD1-PTH-CALCA-ST5-RBTN1-HPX-HBB-RRM1 -TH/INS/IGF2-H19-CTSD-MUC2-DRD4-HRAS - RNH-tel. This map will allow higher resolution mapping of new 11p15 markers, facilitate positional cloning of disease genes, and provide a framework for the physical mapping of 11p15 in clone contigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Higgins
- Department of Human Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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Craig CH, Kim BW, Rhyner PM, Chirillo TK. Effects of word predictability, child development, and aging on time-gated speech recognition performance. J Speech Hear Res 1993; 36:832-841. [PMID: 8377495 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3604.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the interaction of acoustic-phonetic information with higher-level linguistic contextual information during the real-time speech perception process in child, young adult, and older adult listeners. Five age groups were studied: (a) young children ranging in age from 5 to 7 years, (b) older children aged 8 to 10 years, (c) young adults aged 18 to 23 years, (d) older adults aged 60 to 69 years, and (e) older adults aged 70 to 83 years. All subjects were presented with time-gated monosyllabic target words presented in sentence contexts containing contrasting levels of word predictability. Findings indicated that target word predictability influenced the timing and nature of the real-time recognition process including the listeners' use of initial word sounds. Predictability-high (PH) words were recognized earlier and with greater confidence than predictability-low (PL) words. PH recognition performance was more influenced by child development and aging than PL recognition performance. Older adult listeners required more PH-gated word stimuli to produce accurate responses than younger adults. Older children showed more effective use of PH contexts than younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Craig
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Milwaukee, WI 53201
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Abstract
Quantitative cytology was performed in nasal secretions of normal control (NC), seasonal allergic rhinitis in season (SAR), perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), chronic sinusitis with mucoid secretion (MS), and chronic sinusitis with mucopurulent secretion (MPS). The majority of inflammatory cells were neutrophils in NC, MS, and MPS; the majority were eosinophils in SAR and PAR. The concomitant appearance of inflammatory cells in nasal secretions was found, i.e., there were significant correlations between neutrophil and eosinophil counts in MPS, and between eosinophil and basophil counts in SAR. The eosinophil/neutrophil ratio was more than 0.1 in SAR and PAR, but the ratio was less than 0.1 in all NC, all MPS, and in 93% of MS; this indicates that 0.1 in eosinophil/neutrophil ratio is the critical value between allergic and nonallergic nasal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Abstract
A NotI end clone library has been constructed from a human-hamster hybrid cell line containing only human chromosome 11. Fifty-one NotI clones were chosen to characterize the library. The majority of NotI clones hybridize to small 15- to 200-kb fragments and have proven to be valuable for chromosome 11 physical mapping by detecting fragments not previously recognized by random probes. These NotI end clones have been used to isolate corresponding NotI linking cosmids which were then used to identify adjacent NotI fragments on pulsed-field gels. The clones were mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization and a somatic cell hybrid panel. Although these clones were localized over the entirety of chromosome 11, a nonrandom distribution was observed. Northern blot analysis indicated that 57% (17/30) of the NotI clones examined detected poly(A)+ transcripts in HeLa cell RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanford
- Department of Human Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263
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Kim BW, Chang HN. Removal of hydrogen sulfide by Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in immobilized-cell and sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactors. Biotechnol Prog 1991; 7:495-500. [PMID: 1367751 DOI: 10.1021/bp00012a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioconversion of hydrogen sulfide to elementary sulfur by the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum was studied in immobilized-cell and sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactors. The cells immobilized in strontium alginate beads excreted elementary sulfur and accumulated it as crystal in the bead matrices, which made it possible that the reactor broth remained clear and the light penetrated the reactor deeper than with the free cells. In comparison with the free cells, the immobilized cells required 30% less light energy at a H2S removal rate of 2 mM/(L.h) and showed an activity of 2.4 times that of the free cells. However, in 40 h after the reaction the deterioration of the H2S removal efficiency became significant due to the accumulation of sulfur in the beads. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) studies showed that the sulfur in the beads existed within a layer of 0.4 mm from the bead surface. In the sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactor, about 80% of the sulfur excreted by the free cells could be removed in a settler. The 4-L fed batch reactor with the settler improved the light transmission to result in a H2S removal rate of 3 mumol/(mg of protein.h), 50% higher than that without it. The settling recycle reactor was much better in the removal of H2S than the immobilized-cell reactor because the former was a continuous system with the constant removal of sulfur particles by settling and of spent medium by supplying fresh medium at the same rate as the filtering rate of the reactor broth, while the latter was essentially a batch system where toxic metabolites and produced sulfur could not be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, Korea
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Abstract
To quantitatively analyze cellular elements in mucopurulent nasal secretions from patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis, we studied five mucus-liquefying agents--dithiothreitol (DTT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt, propylene glycol, serratio peptidase and urea--with Hanks' balanced salt solution used as a control. Agents were compared for the number of cells, the mucus-liquefying effect and the staining characteristic of cells in cytocentrifuge-prepared smears. The results indicated that the treatment of nasal secretions with 10 mM DTT provides more clear and detailed cytological preparations for quantitative cytology of nasal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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Chae S, Igarashi M, Kim BW. Compensation of vertical vestibulo-ocular functions in squirrel monkeys after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Am J Otolaryngol 1990; 11:170-3. [PMID: 2382784 DOI: 10.1016/0196-0709(90)90033-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modifications in the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) were studied in four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) over time after unilateral labyrinthectomy. In the dark, with head upright, animals were exposed to sinusoidal rotation in the pitch plane. The magnetic field-pericorneal search coli technique was used to detect eye movement. The upward and downward slow-phase eye velocity (SPEV) of the VVOR and the maximum SPEV of the vertical component of spontaneous nystagmus (SPN) were studied. The mean preoperative gain of VVOR was symmetric. After unilateral labyrinthectomy, the maximum reduction of VVOR gain showed an asymmetry. The recovery of VVOR gain to the preoperative level took about 2 weeks, and the vertical component of SPN was present for about 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Hong SJ, Kim BW. [A survey of dental disease and delivery system in the Island of Chonnam]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1988; 26:165-77. [PMID: 3269374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Smith GM, Kim BW, Franke AA, Roberts JD. 13C NMR studies of butyric fermentation in Clostridium kluyveri. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:13509-12. [PMID: 4055746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of 13C-labeled ethanol and acetate into butyrate and caproate by Clostridium kluyveri has been studied by using 13C NMR. The pathway involves the conversion of both ethanol and acetate into acetyl coenzymes A, two of which condense to form CoA-linked precursors of butyrate. If butyryl-CoA is involved in the condensation, caproate is the ultimate product. ATP is produced from acetyl-CoA via the reactions catalyzed by phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase with acetate, a required carbon source, as a co-product. In spectra of whole cells incubated with the labeled carbon sources, label from ethanol appears rapidly in acetate, which then reaches a lower, steady-state concentration due to its re-entry into the pathway. The rapid initial production of acetate indicates equally rapid production of ATP. Label from acetate appears in ethanol only if ethanol is already present, indicating that this process is one of isotopic equilibration rather than net synthesis of ethanol from acetate. The ratio of butyrate to caproate produced depends strongly on the initial ratio of ethanol to acetate in the medium. The relative rates of utilization of ethanol and acetate vary as the fermentation proceeds. 13C-13C coupling in the butyrate and caproate produced from [1-13C]ethanol and [2-13C]acetate can be used to determine if the acetyl-CoA molecules arising from ethanol and acetate enter the same pool or if they remain separated. The data are consistent with random mixing of the acetyl-CoA produced from the two carbon sources.
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Abstract
The effects of dietary clofibrate on the epoxide-metabolizing enzymes of mouse liver, kidney, lung and testis were evaluated using trans-stilbene oxide as a selective substrate for the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, cis-stilbene oxide and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide as substrates for the microsomal form, and cis-stilbene oxide as a substrate for glutathione S-transferase activity. The hydration of trans-stilbene oxide was greatest in liver followed by kidney greater than lung greater than testis. Its hydrolysis was increased significantly in the cytosolic fraction of liver and kidney of clofibrate-treated mice and in the microsomes from the liver. Isoelectric focusing indicates that the same enzyme is responsible for hydrolysis of trans-stilbene oxide in normal and induced liver and kidney. Clofibrate induced glutathione S-transferase activity on cis-stilbene oxide only in the liver. Hydrolysis of both cis-stilbene oxide and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide was highest in testis followed by liver greater than lung greater than kidney. Hydration of cis-stilbene oxide was induced significantly in both liver and kidney by clofibrate but that of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide was induced only in the liver. These and other data based on ratios of hydration of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide to cis-stilbene oxide in tissues of normal and induced animals indicate that there are one or more novel epoxide hydrolase activities which cannot be accounted for by either the classical cytosolic or microsomal hydrolases. These effects are notable in the microsomes of kidney and especially in the cytosol of testis.
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Nam IW, Lee WY, Chung SJ, Kim BW, Lee SI, Kim KS. [Report of 45 cases of cleft lips and cleft palates in Kang Won Do people (author's transl)]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1973; 11:117-21. [PMID: 4534945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Abstract
Extensive acoustical measurements were made to describe variations in the glottal tones produced by a patient who had undergone a complete mandibulectomy and surgical resection of the neck musculature, leaving the larynx functional, but exposed. The data indicate the patient was able to vary fundamental frequency and intensity within grossly normal limits. Changes in the glottal spectrum were similar to values predicted from laryngeal analog data.
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