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Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Mohamad R, Goh YM, Shokryazdan P, Ho YW. Lovastatin-enriched rice straw enhances biomass quality and suppresses ruminal methanogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:397934. [PMID: 23484116 PMCID: PMC3581142 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-biomass (using rice straw as model); besides, breaking down its lignocellulose content to improve its nutritive values also produces lovastatin which could be used to suppress methanogenesis in the rumen ecosystem. Fermented rice straw (FRS) containing lovastatin after fermentation with Aspergillus terreus was used as substrate for growth study of rumen microorganisms using in vitro gas production method. In the first experiment, the extract from the FRS (FRSE) which contained lovastatin was evaluated for its efficacy for reduction in methane (CH4) production, microbial population, and activity in the rumen fluid. FRSE reduced total gas and CH4 productions (P < 0.01). It also reduced (P < 0.01) total methanogens population and increased the cellulolytic bacteria including Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01), and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P < 0.05). Similarly, FRS reduced total gas and CH4 productions, methanogens population, but increased in vitro dry mater digestibility compared to the non-fermented rice straw. Lovastatin in the FRSE and the FRS significantly increased the expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene that produces HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme for cell membrane production in methanogenic Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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102
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Cabezas L, Calderon C, Medina LM, Bahamon I, Cardenas M, Bernal AJ, Gonzalez A, Restrepo S. Characterization of cellulases of fungal endophytes isolated from Espeletia spp. J Microbiol 2012; 50:1009-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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103
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Production of Biomass-Degrading Multienzyme Complexes under Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Meal Using a Bioreactor. Enzyme Res 2012; 2012:248983. [PMID: 23365723 PMCID: PMC3544265 DOI: 10.1155/2012/248983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass-degrading enzymes are one of the most costly inputs affecting the economic viability of the biochemical route for biomass conversion into biofuels. This work evaluates the effects of operational conditions on biomass-degrading multienzyme production by a selected strain of Aspergillus niger. The fungus was cultivated under solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybean meal, using an instrumented lab-scale bioreactor equipped with an on-line automated monitoring and control system. The effects of air flow rate, inlet air relative humidity, and initial substrate moisture content on multienzyme (FPase, endoglucanase, and xylanase) production were evaluated using a statistical design methodology. Highest production of FPase (0.55 IU/g), endoglucanase (35.1 IU/g), and xylanase (47.7 IU/g) was achieved using an initial substrate moisture content of 84%, an inlet air humidity of 70%, and a flow rate of 24 mL/min. The enzymatic complex was then used to hydrolyze a lignocellulosic biomass, releasing 4.4 g/L of glucose after 36 hours of saccharification of 50 g/L pretreated sugar cane bagasse. These results demonstrate the potential application of enzymes produced under SSF, thus contributing to generate the necessary technological advances to increase the efficiency of the use of biomass as a renewable energy source.
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104
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Pourramezan Z, Ghezelbash GR, Romani B, Ziaei S, Hedayatkhah A. Screening and identification of newly isolated cellulose-degrading bacteria from the gut of xylophagous termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri). Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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105
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Textor LC, Colussi F, Silveira RL, Serpa V, de Mello BL, Muniz JRC, Squina FM, Pereira N, Skaf MS, Polikarpov I. Joint X-ray crystallographic and molecular dynamics study of cellobiohydrolase I fromTrichoderma harzianum: deciphering the structural features of cellobiohydrolase catalytic activity. FEBS J 2012; 280:56-69. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C. Textor
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
| | - Francieli Colussi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Silveira
- Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas; SP; Brazil
| | - Viviane Serpa
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
| | - Bruno L. de Mello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
| | - João Renato C. Muniz
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabio M. Squina
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE); Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM); Campinas; SP; Brazil
| | - Nei Pereira
- Centro de Tecnologia, Escola de Química, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos (LaDeBio); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas; SP; Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos; SP; Brazil
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106
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Lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus using agro-biomass as substrate in solid state fermentation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:196264. [PMID: 23118499 PMCID: PMC3478940 DOI: 10.1155/2012/196264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ability of two strains of Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained using A. terreus ATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM for A. terreus ATCC 20542 and A. terreus ATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P < 0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P > 0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM for A. terreus ATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.
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107
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Purification, gene cloning and characterization of an acidic β-1,4-glucanase from Phialophora sp. G5 with potential applications in the brewing and feed industries. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:379-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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108
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Bansal N, Tewari R, Soni R, Soni SK. Production of cellulases from Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation on agricultural and kitchen waste residues. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:1341-6. [PMID: 22503148 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Various agricultural and kitchen waste residues were assessed for their ability to support the production of a complete cellulase system by Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation. Untreated as well as acid and base-pretreated substrates including corn cobs, carrot peelings, composite, grass, leaves, orange peelings, pineapple peelings, potato peelings, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust, wheat bran, wheat straw, simply moistened with water, were found to be well suited for the organism's growth, producing good amounts of cellulases after 96 h without the supplementation of additional nutritional sources. Yields of cellulases were higher in alkali treated substrates as compared to acid treated and untreated substrates except in wheat bran. Of all the substrates tested, wheat bran appeared to be the best suited substrate producing appreciable yields of CMCase, FPase and β-glucosidase at the levels of 310, 17 and 33 U/g dry substrate respectively. An evaluation of various environmental parameters demonstrated that appreciable levels of cellulases could be produced over a wide range of temperatures (20-50 °C) and pH levels (3.0-8.0) with a 1:1.5 to 1:1.75 substrate to moisture ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Bansal
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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109
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Moretti MMS, Bocchini-Martins DA, Silva RD, Rodrigues A, Sette LD, Gomes E. Selection of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi for the production of cellulases and xylanases under solid-state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1062-71. [PMID: 24031929 PMCID: PMC3768882 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-seven thermophilic and thermotolerant fungal strains were isolated from soil, decaying organic matter and sugarcane piles based on their ability to grow at 45°C on medium containing corn straw and cardboard as carbon sources. These fungi were identified in the genera Aspergillus, Thermomyces, Myceliophthora, Thermomucor and Candida. The majority of the isolated strains produced xylanase and cellulases under solid state fermentation (SSF). The highest cellulase and xylanase productions were obtained by the cultivation of the strains identified as Aspergillus fumigatus M.7.1 and Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7. The enzymes from these strains exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.0 and at 60 and 70ºC. The endo-glucanase from A. fumigatus was stable from 40°C to 65°C and both endo-glucanase and xylanase from M. thermophila were stable in this temperature range when in absence of substrate. The enzymes were stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M S Moretti
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista , São José do Rio Preto, SP , Brasil
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110
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Signal enhancement in polysaccharide based sensors for infections by incorporation of chemically modified laccase. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:502-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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111
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Izuan Abd J, Samat N, Mohtar Wan W. Screening and Optimization of Medium Composition for Mannanase Production by Aspergillus terreus SUK-1 in Solid State Fermentation Using Statistical Experimental Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2012.242.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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112
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Linggang S, Phang LY, Wasoh MH, Abd-Aziz S. Sago Pith Residue as an Alternative Cheap Substrate for Fermentable Sugars Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:122-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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113
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Wei H, Tucker MP, Baker JO, Harris M, Luo Y, Xu Q, Himmel ME, Ding SY. Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:20. [PMID: 22490508 PMCID: PMC3384452 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the dynamics of the microbial communities that, along with their secreted enzymes, are involved in the natural process of biomass composting may hold the key to breaking the major bottleneck in biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology, which is the still-costly deconstruction of polymeric biomass carbohydrates to fermentable sugars.However, the complexity of both the structure of plant biomass and its counterpart microbial degradation communities makes it difficult to investigate the composting process. RESULTS In this study, a composter was set up with a mix of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood-chips and mown lawn grass clippings (85:15 in dry-weight) and used as a model system. The microbial rDNA abundance data obtained from analyzing weekly-withdrawn composted samples suggested population-shifts from bacteria-dominated to fungus-dominated communities. Further analyses by an array of optical microscopic, transcriptional and enzyme-activity techniques yielded correlated results, suggesting that such population shifts occurred along with early removal of hemicellulose followed by attack on the consequently uncovered cellulose as the composting progressed. CONCLUSION The observed shifts in dominance by representative microbial groups, along with the observed different patterns in the gene expression and enzymatic activities between cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases during the composting process, provide new perspectives for biomass-derived biotechnology such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and solid-state fermentation for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Melvin P Tucker
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - John O Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Michelle Harris
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yonghua Luo
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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114
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Xue DS, Chen HY, Ren YR, Yao SJ. Enhancing the activity and thermostability of thermostable β-glucosidase from a marine Aspergillus niger at high salinity. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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115
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Production, Purification, and Characterization of a β-Glucosidase of Penicillium funiculosum NCL1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:959-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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116
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117
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Chang J, Cheng W, Yin Q, Zuo R, Song A, Zheng Q, Wang P, Wang X, Liu J. Effect of steam explosion and microbial fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:587-592. [PMID: 22104102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase nutrient values of corn stover, effects of steam explosion (2.5 MPa, 200 s) and Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation were studied. The results showed the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the exploded corn stover were 8.47%, 50.45% and 36.65% lower than that in the untreated one, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the exploded and fermented corn stover (EFCS) were decreased by 24.36% and 69.90%, compared with the untreated one (P<0.05); decreased by 17.35% and 38.59%, compared with the exploded one (P<0.05). The scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated that the combined steam explosion and fermentation destructed corn stover. The activities of enzymes in EFCS were increased. The metabolic experiment showed that about 8% EFCS could be used to replace corn meal in broiler diets, which made EFCS become animal feedstuff possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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118
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A Thermophilic Cellulase Complex from Phialophora sp. G5 Showing High Capacity in Cellulose Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:952-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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119
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Tao YM, Xu XQ, Ma SJ, Liang G, Wu XB, Long MN, Chen QX. Cellulase hydrolysis of rice straw and inactivation of endoglucanase in urea solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10971-10975. [PMID: 21919515 DOI: 10.1021/jf203712n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to optimize the cellulase (from Aspergillus glaucus) hydrolysis of pretreated rice straw, the effects of varying enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH were studied. The best experimental conditions found to degrade the pretreated rice straws were 24 h of incubation at 55 °C and pH 5.0, with an enzyme concentration of 48 mg/L. Urea is one of the important nitrogen sources used in fungi culture, but it is also a denaturant. The model of denaturation of endoglucanase (EG) in urea solutions was established. The denaturation was a slow, reversible reaction. Determination of microscopic rate constants showed k(+0) > k'(+0), indicating that EG was protected by the substrate to a certain extent during denaturation. Comparison with the results from fluorescence emission spectroscopy revealed that the inactivation of EG occurred before the marked conformational changes could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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120
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Statistical optimization of cellulases production by Penicillium chrysogenum QML-2 under solid-state fermentation and primary application to chitosan hydrolysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1163-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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121
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Herculano PN, Porto TS, Moreira KA, Pinto GAS, Souza-Motta CM, Porto ALF. Cellulase production by Aspergillus japonicus URM5620 using waste from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under solid-state fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1057-67. [PMID: 21779793 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The activity of β-glucosidase (βG), total cellulase (FPase) and endoglucanase (CMCase), produced by Aspergillus japonicus URM5620, was studied on solid-state fermentation using castor bean meal as substrate. The effect of the substrate amount, initial moisture, pH, and temperature on cellulase production was studied using a full factorial design (2(4)). The maximum βG, FPase, and CMCase activity was 88.3, 953.4, and 191.6 U/g dry substrate, respectively. The best enzyme activities for all three enzymes were obtained at the same conditions with 5.0 g of substrate, initial moisture 15% at 25 °C and pH 6.0 with 120 h of fermentation. The optimum activity for FPase and CMCase was found at pH 3.0 at an optimum temperature of 50 °C for FPase and of 55 °C for CMCase. The cellulases were stable in the range of pH 3.0-10.0 at 50 °C temperature. The enzyme production optimization demonstrated clearly the impact of the process parameters on the yield of the cellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyanna Nunes Herculano
- Mycology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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122
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Influence of cultivation conditions on production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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123
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Zhang H, Sang Q, Zhang W. Statistical optimization of cellulases production by Aspergillus niger HQ-1 in solid-state fermentation and partial enzymatic characterization of cellulases on hydrolyzing chitosan. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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124
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Shafique S, Shafique S. Kinetic study of partially purified cellulase enzyme produced by Trichoderma viride FCBP-142 and its hyperactive mutants. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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125
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Xu F, Jin H, Li H, Tao L, Wang J, Lv J, Chen S. Genome shuffling of Trichoderma viride for enhanced cellulase production. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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126
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de Almeida MN, Guimarães VM, Bischoff KM, Falkoski DL, Pereira OL, Gonçalves DSPO, de Rezende ST. Cellulases and Hemicellulases from Endophytic Acremonium Species and Its Application on Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:594-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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127
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Rashid JIA, Samat N, Mohtar W, Yusoff W. Optimization of temperature, moisture content and inoculum size in solid state fermentation to enhance mannanase production by Aspergillus terreus SUK-1 using RSM. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:533-539. [PMID: 22032082 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.533.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of three parameters, temperature (25-35 degrees C), moisture content (40% (w/v)-60% (w/v) and inoculum sizes (5% (w/v)-15% (w/v) were investigated and optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimal mannanase production by Aspergillus terreus SUK-1. A second order polynomial equation was fitted and the optimum condition was established. The result showed that the moisture content was a critical factor in terms of its effect on mannanase. The optimum condition for mannanase production was predicted at 42.86% (w/v) initial moisture (31 C) temperature and 5.5% (w/v) inoculum size. The predicted optimal parameter were tested in the laboratory and the mannanase activity 45.12 IU mL-1 were recorded to be closed to the predicted value (44.80 IU mL-1). Under the optimized SSF condition (31 degrees C, 42.86% moisture content (w/v) and 5.5% inoculum size (w/v)), the maximum mannanase production was to prevail about 45.12 IU mL-1 compare to before optimized (30 degrees C, 50% moisture content (w/v) and 10% inoculum size (w/v)) was only 34.42 IU mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
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128
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Improved production and properties of β-glucosidase influenced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose in the culture medium of Termitomyces clypeatus. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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129
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Solid substrate fermentation for cellulase production using palm kernel cake as a renewable lignocellulosic source in packed-bed bioreactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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130
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Xu F, Wang J, Chen S, Qin W, Yu Z, Zhao H, Xing X, Li H. Strain improvement for enhanced production of cellulase in Trichoderma viride. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683811010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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131
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Iqbal HMN, Ahmed I, Zia MA, Irfan M. Purification and characterization of the kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from wheat straw by Trichoderma viride under SSF and its detergent compatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2011.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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132
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Facchini FDA, Vici AC, Reis VRA, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, Reis RA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Production of fibrolytic enzymes by Aspergillus japonicus C03 using agro-industrial residues with potential application as additives in animal feed. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:347-55. [PMID: 21046416 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation obtained from different and low-cost carbon sources was evaluated to endocellulases and endoxylanases production by Aspergillus japonicus C03. Regarding the enzymatic production the highest levels were observed at 30 °C, using soy bran added to crushed corncob or wheat bran added to sugarcane bagasse, humidified with salt solutions, and incubated for 3 days (xylanase) or 6 days (cellulase) with 70% relative humidity. Peptone improved the xylanase and cellulase activities in 12 and 29%, respectively. The optimum temperature corresponded to 60 °C and 50-55 °C for xylanase and cellulase, respectively, both having 4.0 as optimum pH. Xylanase was fully stable up to 40 °C, which is close to the rumen temperature. The enzymes were stable in pH 4.0-7.0. Cu++ and Mn++ increased xylanase and cellulase activities by 10 and 64%, respectively. A. japonicus C03 xylanase was greatly stable in goat rumen fluid for 4 h during in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dell Antonio Facchini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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133
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Awan MS, Tabbasam N, Ayub N, Babar ME, Rana SM, Rajoka MI. Gamma radiation induced mutagenesis in Aspergillus niger to enhance its microbial fermentation activity for industrial enzyme production. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1367-74. [PMID: 20632114 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
α- and β-Galactosidases find application in food processing, health and nutrition. Aspergillus niger is one of the potent producer of these enzymes and was genotypically improved using gamma-ray induced mutagenesis. The mutant-derivative produced two-fold higher α- and β-galactosidases. For testing genetic variability and its relationship with phenotypic properties of the two organisms, DNA samples of the mutant and parental strains of A. niger were amplified with 28 deca-nucleotide synthetic primers. RAPD analysis showed significantly different pattern between parental and mutant cultures. The mutant derivative yielded homogeneous while parental strain formed heterogeneous amplification patterns. Seven primers identified 42.9% polymorphism in the amplification products, indicating that these primers determined some genetic variability between the two strains. Thus RAPD was found to be an efficient technique to determine genetic variability in the mutant and wild organisms. Both wild and mutant strains were analyzed for their potential to produce galactosidases. Comparison of different carbon sources on enzyme yield revealed that wheat bran is significant (P < 0.01) effective producer and economical source followed by rice bran, rice polishing and lactose. The mutant was significantly better enzyme producer and could be considered for its prospective application in food, nutrition and health and that RAPD can be effectively used to differentiate mutant strain from the parental strain based on the RAPD patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siddique Awan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
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134
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Advancement and comparative profiles in the production technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial cellulases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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135
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Saqib AA, Hassan M, Khan NF, Baig S. Thermostability of crude endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus grown under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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136
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Nascimento CV, Souza FHM, Masui DC, Leone FA, Peralta RM, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. Purification and biochemical properties of a glucose-stimulated beta-D-glucosidase produced by Humicola grisea var. thermoidea grown on sugarcane bagasse. J Microbiol 2010; 48:53-62. [PMID: 20221730 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-009-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of several carbon sources on the production of mycelial-bound beta-glucosidase by Humicola grisea var. thermoidea in submerged fermentation was investigated. Maximum production occurred when cellulose was present in the culture medium, but higher specific activities were achieved with cellobiose or sugarcane bagasse. Xylose or glucose (1%) in the reaction medium stimulated beta-glucosidase activity by about 2-fold in crude extracts from mycelia grown in sugarcane bagasse. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, showing a single band in PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The beta-glucosidase had a carbohydrate content of 43% and showed apparent molecular masses of 57 and 60 kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The purified enzyme was thermostable up to 60 min in water at 55 degrees C and showed half-lives of 7 and 14 min when incubated in the absence or presence of 50 mM glucose, respectively, at 60 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, lactose, and cellobiose. The best synthetic and natural substrates were p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside and cellobiose, respectively. Purified enzyme activity was stimulated up to 2-fold by glucose or xylose at concentrations from 25 to 200 mM. The addition of purified or crude beta-glucosidase to a reaction medium containing Trichoderma reesei cellulases increased the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by about 50%. These findings suggest that H. grisea var. thermoidea beta-glucosidase has a potential for biotechnological applications in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Vanderlei Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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137
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Sherief A, El-Tanash A, Atia N. Cellulase Production by Aspergillus fumigatus Grown on Mixed Substrate of Rice Straw and Wheat Bran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2010.199.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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138
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Abdeshahia P, Samat N, Wan Yusoff W. Production of β-Xylosidase by Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 Using Palm Kernel Cake in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.419.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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139
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Ng IS, Li CW, Chan SP, Chir JL, Chen PT, Tong CG, Yu SM, Ho THD. High-level production of a thermoacidophilic beta-glucosidase from Penicillium citrinum YS40-5 by solid-state fermentation with rice bran. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1310-1317. [PMID: 19837582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A high yield of beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) of 159.1 U/g-solid activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was achieved by rice bran-based solid-state fermentation (SSF) of the recently characterized fungus Penicillium citrinum YS40-5. The enzyme was both thermophilic and acidophilic at the optimized temperature and pH of 70 degrees C and 5.0, respectively. Over 95% of the original beta-glucosidase activity was maintained after a prolonged storage at ambient temperature for 4 weeks. The kinetic parameters V(max), K(m) and K(I) were 85.93 U/mg, 1.2 mM and 17.59 mM with pNPG, and 72.49 U/mg, 32.17 mM and 8.29 mM with cellobiose, respectively. The protein band with beta-glucosidase activity was characterized by native PAGE followed by MUG-zymogram analysis, and its identity confirmed by nanoLC-MS/MS. A 3.43-fold synergistic effect by combining this beta-glucosidase with Trichoderma reesei cellulases was observed, indicating this enzyme could potentially be used for improving the efficiency of cellulosic bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, 2F, No. 22, Lane 31, Sec. 1, Huandong Rd., Sinshih Township, Tainan 74146, Taiwan, ROC
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140
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Abdeshahia P, Samat N, Wan Yusoff W. Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake for Production of β-Glucosidase by Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 in Solid Substrate Fermentation Using an Aerated Column Bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2010.17.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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141
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Utilization of palm kernel cake for production of β-mannanase by Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 in solid substrate fermentation using an aerated column bioreactor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:103-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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142
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Nazir A, Soni R, Saini HS, Kaur A, Chadha BS. Profiling differential expression of cellulases and metabolite footprints in Aspergillus terreus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:538-47. [PMID: 19779865 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports differential expression of endoglucanase (EG) and beta-glucosidase (betaG) isoforms of Aspergillus terreus. Expression of multiple isoforms was observed, in presence of different carbon sources and culture conditions, by activity staining of poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. Maximal expression of four EG isoforms was observed in presence of rice straw (28 U/g DW substrate) and corn cobs (1.147 U/ml) under solid substrate and shake flask culture, respectively. Furthermore, the sequential induction of EG isoforms was found to be associated with the presence of distinct metabolites (monosaccharides/oligosaccharides) i.e., xylose (X), G(1), G(3) and G(4) as well as putative positional isomers (G(1)/G(2), G(2)/G(3)) in the culture extracts sampled at different time intervals, indicating specific role of these metabolites in the sequential expression of multiple EGs. Addition of fructose and cellobiose to corn cobs containing medium during shake flask culture resulted in up-regulation of EG activity, whereas addition of mannitol, ethanol and glycerol selectively repressed the expression of three EG isoforms (Ia, Ic and Id). The observed regulation profile of betaG isoforms was distinct when compared to EG isoforms, and addition of glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, mannitol and glycerol resulted in down-regulation of one or more of the four betaG isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Nazir
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
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143
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Abdeshahian P, Samat N, Yusoff WMW. Xylanase production by Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 using palm kernel cake in fermentative bioprocess. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:1049-1055. [PMID: 19943460 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1049.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of xylanase from palm kernel cake as a substrate was studied in solid substrate fermentation. The simultaneous effects of three independent variables, namely incubation temperature, initial moisture content of substrate and air flow rate on xylanase production were evaluated by response surface methodology using central composite face centered design. A total of 18 experiments were carried out in which Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 was cultivated on palm kernel cake in a column bioreactor for 7 days under incubation temperature, moisture level and aeration rate determined. Test results showed that the highest xylanase activity of 174.88 U g(-1) was produced at incubation temperature, initial moisture level and aeration rate of 25 degrees C, 60% and 1.5 L min(-1), respectively. The statistical analysis of the experimental results revealed that the linear effect of incubation temperature and quadratic term of initial moisture content had highly significant effects on xylanase production (p<0.01). Statistical results also showed that interaction effect between incubation temperature and initial moisture content as well as interaction effect between moisture level and aeration rate influenced the yield ofxylanase at probability levels of 95%. Optimum conditions determined by statistical model for attaining maximum xylanase production were incubation temperature of 25 degrees C, initial moisture level of 63% and aeration rate of 1.76 L min(-1). The xylanase activity of 192.50 U g(-1) was obtained when solid substrate fermentation was performed under the optimal circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdeshahian
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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144
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Duan CJ, Xian L, Zhao GC, Feng Y, Pang H, Bai XL, Tang JL, Ma QS, Feng JX. Isolation and partial characterization of novel genes encoding acidic cellulases from metagenomes of buffalo rumens. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:245-56. [PMID: 19302301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clone and characterize genes encoding novel cellulases from metagenomes of buffalo rumens. METHODS AND RESULTS A ruminal metagenomic library was constructed and functionally screened for cellulase activities and 61 independent clones expressing cellulase activities were isolated. Subcloning and sequencing of 13 positive clones expressing endoglucanase and MUCase activities identified 14 cellulase genes. Two clones carried two gene clusters that may be involved in the degradation of polysaccharide nutrients. Thirteen recombinant cellulases were partially characterized. They showed diverse optimal pH from 4 to 7. Seven cellulases were most active under acidic conditions with optimal pH of 5.5 or lower. Furthermore, one novel cellulase gene, C67-1, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 4.5 and stability in a broad pH range from pH 3.5 to 10.5. Its enzyme activity was stimulated by dl-dithiothreitol. CONCLUSIONS The cellulases cloned in this work may play important roles in the degradation of celluloses in the variable and low pH environment in buffalo rumen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provided evidence for the diversity and function of cellulases in the rumen. The cloned cellulases may at one point of time offer potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresources Conservation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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145
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Ariffin H, Hassan MA, Shah UKM, Abdullah N, Ghazali FM, Shirai Y. Production of bacterial endoglucanase from pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch by bacillus pumilus EB3. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 106:231-6. [PMID: 18929997 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.106.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, endoglucanase was produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by a locally isolated aerobic bacterium, Bacillus pumilus EB3. The effects of the fermentation parameters such as initial pH, temperature, and nitrogen source on the endoglucanase production were studied using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the carbon source. Endoglucanase from B. pumilus EB3 was maximally secreted at 37 degrees C, initial pH 7.0 with 10 g/l of CMC as carbon source, and 2 g/l of yeast extract as organic nitrogen source. The activity recorded during the fermentation was 0.076 U/ml. The productivity of the enzyme increased twofold when 2 g/l of yeast extract was used as the organic nitrogen supplement as compared to the non-supplemented medium. An interesting finding from this study is that pretreated OPEFB medium showed comparable results to CMC medium in terms of enzyme production with an activity of 0.063 U/ml. As OPEFB is an abundant solid waste at palm oil mills, it has the potential of acting as a substrate in cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayah Ariffin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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146
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Aspergillus fumigatus thermophilic and acidophilic endoglucanases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 155:321-9. [PMID: 19127443 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the production of cellulolytic enzymes by an Aspergillus fumigatus strain, isolated from sugar cane bagasse, according to its ability to grow on microcrystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source. The effect of the carbon source (brewer's spent grain, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat bran) and of the nitrogen source (corn steep liquor and sodium nitrate) on cellulase production was studied using submerged and solid state cultivations at 30 degrees C. The highest levels of endoglucanase (CMCase) corresponded to 365 U L(-1) and was obtained using sugarcane bagasse (1%) and corn steep liquor (1.2%) in submerged fermentation within 6 days of cultivation. This supernatant was used to run a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that showed six bands with endoglucanase activity. CMCase activity was higher at 65 degrees C and pH 2.0, indicating that this microorganism produces a thermophilic and acid endoglucanase. Solid state cultivation favored FPase production, that reached 47 U g(-1) of dry substrate (wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse) within 3 days.
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