101
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Chen JH, Du ZZ, Shen YM, Yang YP. Aporphine alkaloids from Clematis parviloba and their antifungal activity. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:3-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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102
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Jung HA, Min BS, Yokozawa T, Lee JH, Kim YS, Choi JS. Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Activities of Coptidis Rhizoma Alkaloids. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1433-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University
| | | | | | - Je-Hyun Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC
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103
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Wang LJ, Ye XL, Chen Z, Li XG, Sun QL, Zhang BS, Cao XG, Yu G, Niu XH. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3-octyloxy-8-alkyljatrorrhizine derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:365-370. [PMID: 19431018 DOI: 10.1080/10286020902727447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By introducing octyloxy to C-3 and alkyl groups to C-8 of jatrorrhizine, a series of 3-octyloxy-8-alkyljatrorrhizine derivatives were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the derivatives exhibited high antimicrobial activities, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The 3-octyloxy-8-butyljatrorrhizine displayed the highest antimicrobial activity in all compounds. Their structure-activity relationships were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Chemistry Institute of Pharmaceutical Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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104
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Jung HA, Yoon NY, Bae HJ, Min BS, Choi JS. Inhibitory activities of the alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma against aldose reductase. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-2124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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105
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Gao JM, Kamnaing P, Kiyota T, Watchueng J, Kubo T, Jarussophon S, Konishi Y. One-step purification of palmatine and its derivative dl-tetrahydropalmatine from Enantia chlorantha using high-performance displacement chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:47-53. [PMID: 18804774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Palmatine and its reduced form, dl-tetrahydropalmatine are a group of isoquinoline alkaloids that have been reported to display a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. Both drugs are hydrophilic and are difficult to be purified by conventional purification methods of natural products. A high-performance displacement chromatography (HPDC) method successfully purified palmatine and its semi-synthetic derivative dl-tetrahydropalmatine from crude extract of the African medicinal plant Enantia chlorantha. The crude extract from the root bark of E. chlorantha was fractionated on an analytical reversed-phase C(18) column by using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or acetic acid/H2O as a carrier and cetylpyridinium trifluoroacetate (or acetate) (1.9mg/mL) in 0.1% TFA (or acetic acid)/H2O as a displacer. Palmatine was quantitatively purified at >98% purity in the fully developed displacement mode. dl-Tetrahydropalmatine was semi-synthesized by NaBH4 reduction from crude palmatine and directly purified by HPDC. Both palmatine and dl-tetrahydropalmatine were identified by high-resolution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. This is the first report of one-step HPDC purification of natural and semi-synthetic products from a complex crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Gao
- Research Centre for Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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106
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Wu DZ, Yuan JY, Shi HL, Hu ZB. Palmatine, a protoberberine alkaloid, inhibits both Ca(2+)- and cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion in isolated rat distal colon. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1203-13. [PMID: 18204477 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The protoberberine alkaloid berberine has been reported to inhibit colonic Cl(-) secretion. However, it is not known if other protoberberine alkaloids share these effects. We have therefore selected another protoberberine alkaloid, palmatine, to assess its effects on active ion transport across rat colonic epithelium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat colonic mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit current (I (SC)), apical Cl(-) current and basolateral K(+) current were recorded. Intracellular cAMP content was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was measured with Fura-2 AM. KEY RESULTS Palmatine inhibited carbachol-induced Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion and the carbachol-induced increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Palmatine also inhibited cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion induced by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) or forskolin. Palmatine prevented the elevation of intracellular cAMP by forskolin. Determination of apical Cl(-) currents showed that palmatine suppressed the forskolin-stimulated, apical cAMP-activated Cl(-) current but not the carbachol-stimulated apical Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current. Following permeabilization of apical membranes with nystatin, we found that palmatine inhibited a carbachol-stimulated basolateral K(+) current that was sensitive to charybdotoxin and resistant to chromanol 293B. However, the forskolin-stimulated basolateral K(+) current inhibited by palmatine was specifically blocked by chromanol 293B and not by charybdotoxin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Palmatine attenuated Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) secretion through inhibiting basolateral charybdotoxin-sensitive, SK4 K(+) channels, whereas it inhibited cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion by inhibiting apical CFTR Cl(-) channels and basolateral chromanol 293B-sensitive, KvLQT1 K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Wu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, PR China
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107
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Hsieh YS, Kuo WH, Lin TW, Chang HR, Lin TH, Chen PN, Chu SC. Protective effects of berberine against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL-induced cytotoxicity on endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10437-10445. [PMID: 18001034 DOI: 10.1021/jf071868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to have a central role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. Berberine, a natural constituent of plants of the genera Coptis and Berberis, has several anti-inflammation and anticancer biological effects. However, its protective effects on LDL oxidation and endothelial injury induced by oxLDL remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative activity of berberine and how berberine rescues human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-mediated dysfunction. The antioxidative activity of berberine was defined by the relative electrophoretic mobility of oxLDL, fragmentation of ApoB, and malondialdehyde production via the Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of LDL. Berberine also inhibited the generation of ROS and the subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, chromosome condensation, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3 activation induced by oxLDL in HUVECs. Our results suggest that berberine may protect LDL oxidation and prevent oxLDL-induced cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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108
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da Silva JKR, Sousa PJC, Andrade EHA, Maia JGS. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity of essential oil and methanol extract of Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9422-9426. [PMID: 17939732 DOI: 10.1021/jf071928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The leaves and fine stems, bark, and trunk wood oils of Aniba canelilla showed yields ranging from 0.2 to 1.3%. The main volatile constituent identified in the oils was 1-nitro -2-phenylethane (70.2-92.1%), as expected. The mean of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC 50) of the oils (198.17 +/- 1.95 microg mL(-1)) was low in comparison with that of wood methanol extracts (4.41 +/- 0.12 microg mL(-1)), the value of which was equivalent to that of Trolox (4.67 +/- 0.35 microg mL(-1)), used as antioxidant standard. The mean amount of total phenolics (TP) (710.53 +/- 23.16 mg of GAE/g) and this value calculated as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (899.50 +/- 6.50 mg of TE/g) of the wood methanol extracts confirmed the high antioxidant activity of the species. On the other hand, in the brine shrimp bioassay the values of lethal concentration (LC50) for the oils (21.61 +/- 1.21 microg mL(-1)) and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (20.37 +/- 0.99 microg mL(-1)) were lower than that of the wood methanol extracts (91.38 +/- 7.20 microg mL(-1)), showing significant biological activities.
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109
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Hung TM, Lee JP, Min BS, Choi JS, Na M, Zhang X, Ngoc TM, Lee I, Bae K. Magnoflorine from Coptidis Rhizoma protects high density lipoprotein during oxidant stress. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1157-60. [PMID: 17541173 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the beneficial properties of magnoflorine, an alkaloid isolated from coptidis rhizoma, on protecting human high density lipoprotein (HDL) against lipid peroxidation. Magnoflorine exerts an inhibitory effect against Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation of HDL, as showed by prolongation of lag time from 62 to 123 min at the concentration of 3.0 microM. It also inhibits the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the dose-dependent manners with IC50 values of 2.3+/-0.2 microM and 6.2+/-0.5 microM since HDL oxidation mediated by either catalytic Cu2+ or thermo-labile radical initiator (AAPH), respectively. Separately, Cu2+ oxidized HDL lost the antioxidant action but the inclusion of magnoflorine/Cu2+ oxidized HDL can protect LDL oxidation according to increasing magnoflorine concentration. The results suggest that magnoflorine may have a role to play in preventing the HDL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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110
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Rackova L, Oblozinsky M, Kostalova D, Kettmann V, Bezakova L. Free radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase inhibition of Mahonia aquifolium extract and isoquinoline alkaloids. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2007; 4:15. [PMID: 17634120 PMCID: PMC1994948 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Roots and stem-bark of Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) (Berberidaceae) are effectively used in the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions. In the present study, the effect of Mahonia aquifolium crude extract and its two representative alkaloid fractions containing protoberberine and bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloids on activity of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), was studied. The reactivity with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), a free stable radical, was evaluated to elucidate the rate of possible lipid-derived radical scavenging in the mechanism of the enzyme inhibition. The results indicate that although the direct radical scavenging mechanism cannot be ruled out in the lipoxygenase inhibition by Mahonia aquifolium and its constituents, other mechanisms based on specific interaction between enzyme and alkaloids could play the critical role in the lipoxygenase inhibition rather than non-specific reactivity with free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Oblozinsky
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Kostalova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktor Kettmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lydia Bezakova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232, Bratislava, Slovakia
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111
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112
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Maiti M, Kumar GS. Molecular aspects on the interaction of protoberberine, benzophenanthridine, and aristolochia group of alkaloids with nucleic acid structures and biological perspectives. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:649-95. [PMID: 16894530 DOI: 10.1002/med.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids occupy an important position in chemistry and pharmacology. Among the various alkaloids, berberine and coralyne of the protoberberine group, sanguinarine of the benzophenanthridine group, and aristololactam-beta-d-glucoside of the aristolochia group have potential to form molecular complexes with nucleic acid structures and have attracted recent attention for their prospective clinical and pharmacological utility. This review highlights (i) the physicochemical properties of these alkaloids under various environmental conditions, (ii) the structure and functional aspects of various forms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (B-form, Z-form, H(L)-form, protonated form, and triple helical form) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) (A-form, protonated form, and triple helical form), and (iii) the interaction of these alkaloids with various polymorphic DNA and RNA structures reported by several research groups employing various analytical techniques like absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, thermal melting, viscosity, and DNase footprinting as well as molecular modeling and thermodynamic studies to provide detailed binding mechanism at the molecular level for structure-activity relationship. Nucleic acids binding properties of these alkaloids are interpreted in relation to their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Maiti
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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113
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Ovádeková R, Jantová S, Letasiová S, Stepánek I, Labuda J. Nanostructured electrochemical DNA biosensors for detection of the effect of berberine on DNA from cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:2055-62. [PMID: 17053918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in dimethylformamide (DMF) or aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution, colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNP) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and a GNP-MWNT mixture in aqueous SDS solution have been investigated for chemical modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode used as the signal transducer of a dsDNA-based biosensor. Differential pulse voltammetry of the DNA redox marker Co[(phen)3]3+ and the guanine moiety anodic oxidation and cyclic voltammetry with K3[Fe(CN)6] as indicator revealed substantial enhancement of the response of the biosensor, particularly when MWNT in SDS solution was used. The biosensor was used in testing of berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid with significant antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Berberine had a very strong, concentration-dependent, effect on the structural stability of DNA from the human cancer cells (U937 cells) whereas non-cancer cells were changed only when berberine concentrations were relatively high 75 and 50 microg mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ovádeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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114
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Jancinová V, Drábiková K, Nosál R, Racková L, Májeková M, Holománová D. The combined luminol/isoluminol chemiluminescence method for differentiating between extracellular and intracellular oxidant production by neutrophils. Redox Rep 2006; 11:110-6. [PMID: 16805965 DOI: 10.1179/135100006x116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the question why isoluminol, but not luminol, failed to detect oxidants produced intracellularly, differences between these luminophores were investigated with respect to physicochemical parameters and the character of chemiluminescence signal. Our results showed the isoluminol molecule to be more polar, more hydrophilic and possessing lower ability to form intramolecular bonds than the luminol molecule. Therefore, isoluminol: (i) only slightly pervaded biological membranes; (ii) depended essentially on extracellular peroxidase; (iii) did not produce chemiluminescence in the presence of extracellular scavengers; and (iv) it could be considered a specific detector of extracellular radicals. On the other hand, the physicochemical parameters of luminol and partial resistance of its chemiluminescence to the effect of extracellular inhibitors proved the lipo/hydrophilic character of this luminophore and thus its ability to interact with radicals both outside and inside of cells. The luminol chemiluminescence measured in the presence of extracellular scavengers and the isoluminol chemiluminescence were used with the intention to differentiate the effects of two antihistamine drugs on intra- and extracellular radical formation. In activated human neutrophils, brompheniramine inhibited the extracellular and potentiated the intracellular part of chemiluminescence signal, whereas a reducing effect of loratadine was observed in both compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Jancinová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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115
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Zuo F, Nakamura N, Akao T, Hattori M. Pharmacokinetics of Berberine and Its Main Metabolites in Conventional and Pseudo Germ-Free Rats Determined by Liquid Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:2064-72. [PMID: 16956957 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.011361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (Ber) and its main metabolites were identified and quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry. Rat plasma contained the main metabolites, berberrubine, thalifendine, demethyleneberberine, and jatrorrhizine, as free and glucuronide conjugates after p.o. Ber administration. Moreover, the original drug, the four main metabolites, and their glucuronide conjugates were all detected in liver tissues after 0.5 h and in bile samples 1 h after p.o. Ber administration. Therefore, the metabolic site seemed to be the liver, and the metabolites and conjugates were evidently excreted into the duodenum as bile. The pharmacokinetics of Ber and the four metabolites were determined in conventional and pseudo germ-free rats (treated with antibiotics) after p.o. administration with 40 mg/kg Ber. The AUC0-limt and mean transit time values of the metabolites significantly differed between conventional and pseudo germ-free rats. The amounts of metabolites were remarkably reduced in the pseudo germ-free rats, whereas levels of Ber did not obviously differ between the two groups. The intestinal flora did not exert significant metabolic activity against Ber and its metabolites, but it played a significant role in the enterohepatic circulation of metabolites. In this sense, the liver and intestinal bacteria participate in the metabolism and disposition of Ber in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zuo
- Department of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicines, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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116
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Jantová S, Letasiová S, Brezová V, Cipák L, Lábaj J. Photochemical and phototoxic activity of berberine on murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 85:163-76. [PMID: 16905326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates photoinduced generation of superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen upon UVA irradiation of berberine chloride, and its cytotoxic/phototoxic effects on murine fibroblast non-cancer NIH-3T3 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The EPR spectra monitored upon photoexcitation of aerated solutions of berberine evidenced the efficient activation of molecular oxygen via Type I and II mechanisms, as the generation of superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen was observed. The EAC cell line was more sensitive to the effect of non-photoactivated and photoactivated berberine than the NIH-3T3 cell line. UVA irradiation increased the sensitivity of EAC cells to berberine, while the sensitivity of NIH-3T3 cells to photoactivated berberine was not changed. Berberine significantly induced direct DNA strand breaks in tested cells, oxidative lesions were not detected, and the effect of irradiation of cells after berberine treatment did not affect the increase of DNA damage in EAC and NIH-3T3 cells. The DNA damage generated by a combination of berberine with UVA irradiation induced a significant blockage of EAC cells in the S and G(2)/M phases and the stopping/decrease of cell proliferation after 24h of influence. On the other hand, after 36h or 48h of berberine treatment, the DNA damage induced necrotic or apoptotic death of EAC cells. Whether these divergences are caused by differences in the properties of two non-isogenic cell lines or by different berberine uptake and cell localization will be analyzed in our further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Jantová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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117
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Letasiová S, Jantová S, Miko M, Ovádeková R, Horváthová M. Effect of berberine on proliferation, biosynthesis of macromolecules, cell cycle and induction of intercalation with DNA, dsDNA damage and apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:263-70. [PMID: 16451756 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.2.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our primary aim was to study berberine, a potential anti-cancer drug, for its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in-vitro using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by the growth inhibition assay. We investigated the effect of berberine on the biosynthesis of macro-molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins), cell cycle effects and induction of dsDNA damage and apoptosis in berberine-treated EAC cells. Our results showed that berberine acts cytotoxically on EAC cells. The cytotoxicity was directly concentration and time dependent. The highest cytotoxic concentrations (100 and 50 microg mL(-1)) induced intercalation of berberine with DNA, formation of dsDNA breaks, inhibition of DNA synthesis and death of EAC cells. A concentration of 10 mug mL(-1) induced clear apoptotic cell death, which was followed by inhibition of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Letasiová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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118
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Nevin KG, Vijayammal PL. Effect of Aerva lanata against hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2005; 20:471-477. [PMID: 21783628 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The partially purified petroleum ether extractable fraction of the whole plant Aerva lanata (PF) was evaluated for the protective effect against liver damage induced by carbon tetra chloride (CCl(4)) in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered with PF (50 and 100mg/kg body weight) for 14 days before CCl(4) challenge and 100mg of PF alone for toxicity analysis without CCl(4) administration. The results showed that CCl(4) administration significantly damaged the liver as evident from histopathology and very high activity of serum and liver marker enzymes. It also reduced the antioxidant enzyme status of the animals. PF administration significantly reversed the histopathological changes and restored the elevated activities of liver marker enzymes and also enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities. The extract also reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased the serum total protein and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of PF showed the presence of alkaloids. These observations clearly indicate that PF contains antioxidant alkaloids capable of ameliorating the CCl(4)-induced hepatic injury by virtue of its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Nevin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
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119
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Kopáni M, Celec P, Danisovic L, Michalka P, Biró C. Oxidative stress and electron spin resonance. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 364:61-6. [PMID: 16125687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The body constantly reacts with oxygen as part of the energy producing processes of cells. Oxidative stress is a dysbalance between the production of free radicals as products of these reactions and antioxidant properties of cells. The factors influencing the production of free radicals are physical agents, chemical agents and biological agents. Free radicals are paramagnetic molecules with short time-period for their detection by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The free radical stabilization can be gained by freezing a solution of an organic radical or bonding to spin trapping agents. The spin trapping agents are diamagnetic compounds which rapidly scavenge transient radicals to form stable paramagnetic spin adducts radicals. Because this secondary radical retains an unpaired electron, it can often be detected by electron spin resonance. From ESR spectra can be obtained structural information and kinetic information, information about the formation and decay of the radicals. To study the process of free radical generation is an important step towards reducing the deteriorating effects of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kopáni
- Comenius University, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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