101
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Han F, Yang P, Wang H, Fernandes I, Mateus N, Liu Y. Digestion and absorption of red grape and wine anthocyanins through the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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102
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Tian L, Tan Y, Chen G, Wang G, Sun J, Ou S, Chen W, Bai W. Metabolism of anthocyanins and consequent effects on the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:982-991. [PMID: 30595029 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1533517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables. Health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins are mainly associated with oxidative stress inhibition and gut microbiota modulation. Dietary anthocyanins undergo a complex metabolism after ingestion and interact with endogenous and microbial enzymes, leading to the production of a large number of circulating and excreted anthocyanin metabolites and catabolic products. To date, the bioavailability and health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely documented. Although there are several papers that illustrated the metabolism of anthocyanins, the effects of dietary anthocyanins on the modulation of the gut microbial ecology and on the growth of certain microbial species are still poorly understood. The present paper summarizes the recent data on the absorption of anthocyanins in the upper gastrointestine and the metabolism of anthocyanins by gut microbiota. The modulatory effects of anthocyanins from different sources on gut microbiota are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Tian
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yisha Tan
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guowei Chen
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gang Wang
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- c School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Chen
- d State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Weibin Bai
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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103
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Fu Y, Deng Y, Yu Q, Meng X, Wang D, Wang P, Wang P. Identification of In Vivo Metabolites of Dictamnine in Mice Using HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:3567647. [PMID: 30662787 PMCID: PMC6312604 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3567647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dictamnine (4-methoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolone, DIC), a common furoquinoline alkaloid in the family of Rutaceae, showed diverse biological activities. To investigate the in vivo metabolic pathways of DIC, metabolism of DIC in mice was studied using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization of hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) mass spectrometer. Nine metabolites were identified in the DIC-treated mouse urine, plasma, and fecal samples, of which two were identified as new metabolites. The major metabolic pathways of DIC in animal and human liver microsomes were confirmed in the present study, including o-demethylation, monohydroxylation, N-oxidation, and 2,3-olefinic epoxidation pathways. For the first time, a mono-acetylcysteine conjugate of DIC (M9) was detected from DIC-treated mouse urine and plasma samples, and 4-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (M10) and 2-(2,8-dihydroxy-4-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)acetaldehyde (M11) were identified as new metabolites of DIC; furthermore, using an in vitro human fecal incubation model, furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol (M1) was verified to be a microbial demethylated metabolite of DIC. Collectively, the present study provided new information on the in vivo metabolic fate of DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuxia Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dabo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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104
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Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Rubió L, Macià A, Solà R. Anthocyanin Tissue Bioavailability in Animals: Possible Implications for Human Health. A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11531-11543. [PMID: 30345762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are promising health-enhancing phenolic compounds. We focus on ACN animal tissue bioavailability to provide an evidentiary link between tissue ACNs and their associated health properties. We performed a systematic review of electronic libraries; 279 results were retrieved, and 13 publications met inclusion criteria. Extracted information included animal model employed, administration route, doses, analysis method, and ACN concentration values in tissues. Total ACN concentrations were detected in mice kidney (2.17 × 105 pmol/g), liver (1.73 × 105 pmol/g), heart (3.6 × 103 pmol/g), and lung (1.16 × 105 pmol/g); and in pig brain (6.08 × 103 pmol/g). ACNs showed a predominance of parent ACNs in long-term experiments versus an ACN metabolite predominance in short-term experiments. ACNs detected in animal tissues, such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, suggest it may have an important role in human health. This information could be useful to determine proper ACN-intake biomarkers in biological samples in futures studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berner Andrée Sandoval-Ramírez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut) , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut) , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut) , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center , University of Lleida , Av/78 Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center , University of Lleida , Av/78 Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 , 25198 Lleida , Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut) , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (HUSJR) , 43204 Reus , Spain
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105
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Therapeutic potential of rice-derived polyphenols on obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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106
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Hsiao YH, Hsieh JF. The conversion and deglycosylation of isoflavones and anthocyanins in black soymilk process. Food Chem 2018; 261:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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107
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Tsuda T. Curcumin as a functional food-derived factor: degradation products, metabolites, bioactivity, and future perspectives. Food Funct 2018; 9:705-714. [PMID: 29206254 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), used as a spice, in food coloring, and as a traditional herbal medicine. It has been shown that curcumin has health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, improvement of brain function, and control of obesity and diabetes. However, native curcumin easily degrades and has low oral bioavailability, and a recent report has expressed doubt about curcumin's various effects. To overcome its low bioavailability, various curcumin formulations with enhanced bioavailability are currently being developed. This review discusses the chemistry, metabolism, and absorption of curcumin, to which various reported health benefits have been ascribed, as well as curcumin's degradation products and metabolites and their possible functions. Moreover, the research trend towards the obesity- and diabetes-preventing/suppressing aspects of curcumin and the latest case studies on highly water-dispersible and bioavailable curcumin formulations will be discussed. We summarize the challenges concerning research on curcumin's health benefits as follows: clarifying the relationship between curcumin's health benefits and the formation of curcumin-derived oxidation and degradation products and metabolites, determining whether curcumin itself or other components in turmeric are responsible for its effects, and conducting further human trials in which multiple research groups employ the same samples and conditions. High-bioavailability formulations would be useful in such future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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108
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Feng G, Li S, Liu S, Song F, Pi Z, Liu Z. Targeted Screening Approach to Systematically Identify the Absorbed Effect Substances of Poria cocos in Vivo Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8319-8327. [PMID: 29985616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos are extensively used as nutritious food, dietary supplements, and oriental medicine in Asia. However, the effect substances are still not very clear. In this study, a targeted screening approach was developed to systematically identify absorbed constituents of Poria cocos in vivo using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with UNIFI software. First, incubation reactions in vitro with rat intestinal microflora and rat liver microsomes were conducted to sum up metabolic rules of main constituents. Second, the absorbed constituents in vivo were picked out and identified based on the results of metabolic study in vitro. Finally, the absorbed active constituents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease were screened by targeted network pharmacology analysis. A total of 62 absorbed prototypes and 59 metabolites were identified and characterized in dosed plasma. Thirty potential active constituents were screened, and 86 drug-targets shared by absorbed constituents and Alzheimer's disease were discovered by targeted network pharmacology analysis. In general, this proposed targeted strategy comprehensively provides new insight for active ingredients of Poria cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Shizhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
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109
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Grimes KL, Stuart CM, McCarthy JJ, Kaur B, Cantu EJ, Forester SC. Enhancing the Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Effects of Table Grape Anthocyanins. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2369-2374. [PMID: 30070707 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The risk for breast and colon cancer may be lowered in part by high intake of fruits and vegetables. Fruits such as grapes are abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins. The potential anticancer activity of anthocyanins may be limited by their metabolism in the gut and liver. One metabolic transformation is due to the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which methylates polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Entacapone is a clinically used inhibitor of COMT, and has been shown to modulate the methylation of food-derived polyphenols. In this study, we compared the effect of entacapone on the cell viability of colon (Caco-2 and HT-29) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines treated with anthocyanins. Cells were treated with either cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, or an anthocyanin-rich grape extract, in the absence or presence of entacapone. Cell viability was assessed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Entacapone in combination with the anthocyanins had a greater than additive effect on growth inhibition of the Caco-2 cells. In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, entacapone similarly enhanced the growth inhibitory activity of the anthocyanin extract. Entacapone also had antiproliferative effects when used as a single treatment. Total hydroperoxides was quantified in the cell culture media. Greater concentrations of the treatments resulted in higher levels of total hydroperoxides, indicating that oxidative stress may be an important mechanism for growth inhibition. In conclusion, the antiproliferative activity of fruit-derived anthocyanins was improved in human cancer cell lines by the clinically used drug entacapone. The efficacy and mechanisms of entacapone/anthocyanin combinations should be carefully studied in vivo. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Chemical components of grapes are good for our health and have been shown to lower risk for certain cancers. Their beneficial health effects could also be enhanced by consuming other molecules that improve their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnell L Grimes
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Connor M Stuart
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Justin J McCarthy
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Emilio J Cantu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Sarah C Forester
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Univ., Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A
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110
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Igwe EO, Charlton KE, Probst YC, Kent K, Netzel ME. A systematic literature review of the effect of anthocyanins on gut microbiota populations. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 32:53-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. O. Igwe
- School of Medicine; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - K. E. Charlton
- School of Medicine; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Y. C. Probst
- School of Medicine; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - K. Kent
- Centre for Rural Health; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health; University of Tasmania; Launceston TAS Australia
| | - M. E. Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
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111
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Behrens CJ, Krahe NK, Linke D, Berger RG. BadGluc, a β-glucosidase from Bjerkandera adusta with anthocyanase properties. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1391-1401. [PMID: 29948211 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A glycosidase of the basidiomycete Bjerkandera adusta (BadGluc) was found in screenings to possess a strong decolorizing ability towards malvidin-3-galactoside, an anthocyanin abundant in various berry fruits. The BadGluc was purified from the culture supernatant via FPLC, and the corresponding gene was identified which showed low similarity to other characterized glucosidases. Scanning the primary sequence with PROSITE no active site motif was detected. Eventually, a specific 18 aa consensus pattern was identified manually. The active site motif possessed an undescribed sequence which was only found in a few hypothetical proteins. The corresponding gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 yielding activities up to 100 U/L using 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. The enzyme possessed a good temperature (70% after 1 h at 50°C) and pH stability (70% between pH 2 and 7.5), and preferably catalysed the hydrolysis of delphinidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, regardless of the position of the terminal Hexa-His tag. This novel glucosidase worked in aqueous solution as well as on pre-stained fabrics making it the first known candidate anthocyanase for applications in the detergent and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Behrens
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nina K Krahe
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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112
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Mueller D, Jung K, Winter M, Rogoll D, Melcher R, Kulozik U, Schwarz K, Richling E. Encapsulation of anthocyanins from bilberries – Effects on bioavailability and intestinal accessibility in humans. Food Chem 2018; 248:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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113
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Zhu Y, Sun H, He S, Lou Q, Yu M, Tang M, Tu L. Metabolism and prebiotics activity of anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195754. [PMID: 29630662 PMCID: PMC5891023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally active substances. In this study, anthocyanins from black rice were obtained by membrane filtration and column chromatography separation. Five anthocyanin monomers in black rice extract were identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and the major anthocyanin monomer (cyanidin-3-glucoside, C3G) was purified by preparative HPLC (Pre-HPLC). The proliferative effects of the anthocyanins on Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were investigated by determining the media pH, bacterial populations and metabolic products. After anaerobic incubation at 37 °C for 48 h, not only the pH of the media containing C3G was lower than that of the extract of black rice anthocyanin (BRAE), but the numbers of both Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were also significantly increased. Furthermore, hydroxyphenylpropionic, hydroxyphenylacetic, and hydroxybenzoic acids and other metabolites were detected by GC-MS in vitro. Our results revealed that the anthocyanins and anthocyanin monomers from black rice had prebiotic activity and they were metabolized into several small molecules by Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hanju Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shudong He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mingming Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lijun Tu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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114
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Degradation kinetics and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins in air-impingement jet dried purple potato slices. Food Res Int 2018; 105:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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115
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Yang P, Yuan C, Wang H, Han F, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu Y. Stability of Anthocyanins and Their Degradation Products from Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine under Gastrointestinal pH and Temperature Conditions. Molecules 2018; 23:E354. [PMID: 29414926 PMCID: PMC6017626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the stability of wine anthocyanins under simulated gastrointestinal pH and temperature conditions, and further studied the evolution of anthocyanin degradation products through simulated digestive conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between anthocyanins' structure and their digestive stability. Results showed that a total of 22 anthocyanins were identified in wine and most of these anthocyanins remained stable under simulated gastric digestion process. However, a dramatic concentration decrease happened to these anthocyanins during simulated intestinal digestion. The stability of anthocyanins in digestive process appeared to be related to their structure. The methoxy group in the B-ring enhanced the stability of anthocyanins, whereas hydroxyl group resulted in a reduction of their stability. Acylation decreased the stability of malvidin 3-O-glucoside. Pyruvic acid conjugation enhanced the structural stability of pyranoanthocyanins, whereas acetaldehyde attachment weakened their stability. A commercial malvidin 3-O-glucoside standard was used to investigate anthocyanin degradation products under simulated digestion process, and syringic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid were confirmed to be the degradation products via anthocyanin chalcone conversion path. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid in wine experienced a significant concentration decrease during digestion process. However, wine model solution revealed that phenolic acids remained stable under gastrointestinal conditions, except gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chunlong Yuan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Heyang Viticulture Experimental Station, Northwest A&F University, Heyang 715300, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Heyang Viticulture Experimental Station, Northwest A&F University, Heyang 715300, China.
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Heyang Viticulture Experimental Station, Northwest A&F University, Heyang 715300, China.
| | - Yangjie Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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116
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de Souza EL, de Albuquerque TMR, Dos Santos AS, Massa NML, de Brito Alves JL. Potential interactions among phenolic compounds and probiotics for mutual boosting of their health-promoting properties and food functionalities - A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1645-1659. [PMID: 29377718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1425285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several foods are rich sources of phenolic compounds (PC) and their beneficial effects on human health may be increased through the action of probiotics. Additionally, probiotics may use PC as substrates, increasing their survival and functionality. This review presents available studies on the effects of PC on probiotics, including their physiological functionalities, interactions and capability of surviving during exposure to gastrointestinal conditions and when incorporated into food matrices. Studies have shown that PC can improve the adhesion capacity and survival of probiotics during exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract. There is strong evidence that PC can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in hosts, improving a variety of biochemical markers and risk factors for chronic diseases. Available literature also indicates that metabolites of PC formed by intestinal microorganisms, including probiotics, exert a variety of benefits on host health. These metabolites are typically more active than parental dietary PC. The presence of PC commonly enhances probiotic survival in different foods. Finally, further clinical studies need to be developed to confirm in vitro and experimental findings concerning the beneficial interactions among different PC and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Leite de Souza
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | | | - Aldeir Sabino Dos Santos
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Nayara Moreira Lacerda Massa
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
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Cheng M, Zhang X, Cao J, Zheng X, Zhang Z. Caco-2 cell transport of purple sweet potato anthocyanins-phospholipids complex. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:304-312. [PMID: 29358823 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the role of phospholipids in transepithelial transport and the impact on the antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) was evaluated. PSPAs were purified by column chromatography, and then PSPAs-phospholipids complex (PSPAs-PC) was prepared. In antioxidant assay in vitro, PSPAs-PC exhibited potential antioxidant activity; meanwhile, it exhibited relatively higher stability in mimic gastrointestinal digestion conditions. The inhibitory effect of PSPAs-PC on the oxidation of soybean oil was significantly higher after 15 days storage. The presence of phospholipids increased the transepithelial transport of PSPAs; its apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was higher, while its efflux ratio was lower than PSPAs. Based on the above results, it clearly displays the potential of phospholipids in the promotion of intestinal transport of PSPAs, and further studies are needed to explore the in-depth mechanism of the bioavailability promotion effect of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
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118
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Han X, Guo J, You Y, Yin M, Liang J, Ren C, Zhan J, Huang W. Vanillic acid activates thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue. Food Funct 2018; 9:4366-4375. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00978c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have a positive effect on resistant obesity; however they cannot usually be absorbed directly but, instead, are metabolized by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jielong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yilin You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Manwen Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Juan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chenglong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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119
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Aichinger G, Puntscher H, Beisl J, Kütt ML, Warth B, Marko D. Delphinidin protects colon carcinoma cells against the genotoxic effects of the mycotoxin altertoxin II. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:136-142. [PMID: 29217480 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria spp. are ubiquitous molds that are able to produce toxic secondary metabolites which may contaminate food globally. One of those is the mycotoxin altertoxin II (ATX-II), a genotoxic and mutagenic compound. In recent years, different flavonoids that may co-occur with mycotoxins in food were demonstrated to temper toxic effects of molds, mostly through their anti-oxidant properties. Thus, in this study, we assessed the influence of the berry anthocyanidin delphinidin on the toxicity of ATX-II in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. We performed coupled SRB/WST-1 cytotoxicity assays which revealed only weak antagonistic interactions, and single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet") assays, where we observed a potent protective effect of delphinidin on the DNA-damaging properties of ATX-II. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism for this interaction. In the DCF assay delphinidin was found to reduce intracellular oxidative stress levels, which might contribute partly to the latter protection. However, LC-MS experiments showed that co-incubation of the mycotoxin with either delphinidin or its potential degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde significantly decreased ATX-II concentrations in aqueous solutions, indicating that a direct chemical reaction of ATX-II with these components is likely responsible for the observed loss of toxicity. Our results indicate that delphinidin - and possibly other anthocyanins as well - might play a role in the protection of the gut from Alternaria-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Beisl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mary-Liis Kütt
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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120
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Dietary Anthocyanins and Insulin Resistance: When Food Becomes a Medicine. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101111. [PMID: 29023424 PMCID: PMC5691727 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an abnormal physiological state that occurs when insulin from pancreatic β-cells is unable to trigger a signal transduction pathway in target organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissues. The loss of insulin sensitivity is generally associated with persistent hyperglycemia (diabetes), hyperinsulinemia, fatty acids and/or lipid dysregulation which are often prevalent under obesity conditions. Hence, insulin sensitizers are one class of drugs currently employed to treat diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. A number of natural products that act through multiple mechanisms have also been identified to enhance insulin sensitivity in target organs. One group of such compounds that gained interest in recent years are the dietary anthocyanins. Data from their in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies are scrutinized in this communication to show their potential health benefit through ameliorating insulin resistance. Specific mechanism of action ranging from targeting specific signal transduction receptors/enzymes to the general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of insulin resistance are presented.
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121
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Chen BY, Hsu AW, Wu CC, Hsueh CC. Feasibility study on biostimulation of dye decolorization and bioelectricity generation by using decolorized metabolites of edible flora-extracts. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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122
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Warner EF, Smith MJ, Zhang Q, Raheem KS, O'Hagan D, O'Connell MA, Kay CD. Signatures of anthocyanin metabolites identified in humans inhibit biomarkers of vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1700053. [PMID: 28457017 PMCID: PMC5600085 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The physiological relevance of contemporary cell culture studies is often perplexing, given the use of unmetabolized phytochemicals at supraphysiological concentrations. We investigated the activity of physiologically relevant anthocyanin metabolite signatures, derived from a previous pharmacokinetics study of 500 mg 13 C5 -cyanidin-3-glucoside in eight healthy participants, on soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Signatures of peak metabolites (previously identified at 1, 6, and 24 h post-bolus) were reproduced using pure standards and effects were investigated across concentrations ten-fold lower and higher than observed mean (<5 μM) serum levels. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated VCAM-1 was reduced in response to all treatments, with maximal effects observed for the 6 and 24 h profiles. Profiles tested at ten-fold below mean serum concentrations (0.19-0.44 μM) remained active. IL-6 was reduced in response to 1, 6, and 24 h profiles, with maximal effects observed for 6 h and 24 h profiles at concentrations above 2 μM. Protein responses were reflected by reductions in VCAM-1 and IL-6 mRNA, however there was no effect on phosphorylated NFκB-p65 expression. CONCLUSION Signatures of anthocyanin metabolites following dietary consumption reduce VCAM-1 and IL-6 production, providing evidence of physiologically relevant biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Michael J. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
| | - K. Saki Raheem
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of WestminsterLondonUK
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St. AndrewsFifeScotlandUK
| | | | - Colin D. Kay
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education BuildingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityKannapolisNCUSA
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123
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Monk JM, Lepp D, Wu W, Pauls KP, Robinson LE, Power KA. Navy and black bean supplementation primes the colonic mucosal microenvironment to improve gut health. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:89-100. [PMID: 28915390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are enriched in non-digestible fermentable carbohydrates and phenolic compounds that can modulate the colonic microenvironment (microbiota and host epithelial barrier) to improve gut health. In a comprehensive assessment of the impact of two commonly consumed bean varieties (differing in levels and types of phenolic compounds) within the colonic microenvironment, C57Bl/6 mice were fed diets supplemented with 20% cooked navy bean (NB) or black bean (BB) flours or an isocaloric basal diet control (BD) for 3 weeks. NB and BB similarly altered the fecal microbiota community structure (16S rRNA sequencing) notably by increasing the abundance of carbohydrate fermenting bacteria such as Prevotella, S24-7 and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, which coincided with enhanced short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (microbial-derived carbohydrate fermentation products) and colonic expression of the SCFA receptors GPR-41/-43/-109a. Both NB and BB enhanced multiple aspects of mucus and epithelial barrier integrity vs. BD including: (i) goblet cell number, crypt mucus content and mucin mRNA expression, (ii) anti-microbial defenses (Reg3γ), (iii) crypt length and epithelial cell proliferation, (iv) apical junctional complex components (occludin, JAM-A, ZO-1 and E-cadherin) mRNA expression and (v) reduced serum endotoxin concentrations. Interestingly, biomarkers of colon barrier integrity (crypt height, mucus content, cell proliferation and goblet cell number) were enhanced in BB vs. NB-fed mice, suggesting added benefits attributable to unique BB components (e.g., phenolics). Overall, NB and BB improved baseline colonic microenvironment function by altering the microbial community structure and activity and promoting colon barrier integrity and function; effects which may prove beneficial in attenuating gut-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Monk
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5C9; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5C9
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5C9
| | - K Peter Pauls
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Krista A Power
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5C9; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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124
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Pereira DM, Silva TC, Losada-Barreiro S, Valentão P, Paiva-Martins F, Andrade PB. Toxicity of phenolipids: Protocatechuic acid alkyl esters trigger disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase activation in macrophages. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 206:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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125
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Chen Y, Li Q, Zhao T, Zhang Z, Mao G, Feng W, Wu X, Yang L. Biotransformation and metabolism of three mulberry anthocyanin monomers by rat gut microflora. Food Chem 2017; 237:887-894. [PMID: 28764082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are naturally occurring components of human diet. Evidence has accumulated regarding the positive association of their intake with chronic disease. Because microbiota has been considered as a metabolic organ, the bacterial-dependent metabolisms of three types of ACNs from mulberry fruits (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R)) during a simulation of large intestine conditions were investigated. ACNs and metabolites were analysed and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrum (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). C3G disappeared after 6h of metabolism, while C3R and D3R were no longer detected after 8h. The metabolism of C3G and C3R mainly resulted in the formation of protocatechuic, vanillic, and p-coumaric acids, as well as 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, while the main metabolites of D3R were gallic acid, syringic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. This research indicated that the intake of ACNs may result in the appearance of specific metabolites that exert a protective effect in the host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Alqurashi RM, Alarifi SN, Walton GE, Costabile AF, Rowland IR, Commane DM. In vitro approaches to assess the effects of açai (Euterpe oleracea) digestion on polyphenol availability and the subsequent impact on the faecal microbiota. Food Chem 2017; 234:190-198. [PMID: 28551224 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A considerable proportion of dietary plant-polyphenols reach the colon intact; determining the effects of these compounds on colon-health is of interest. We hypothesise that both fibre and plant polyphenols present in açai (Euterpe oleracea) provide prebiotic and anti-genotoxic benefits in the colon. We investigated this hypothesis using a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of açai pulp, and a subsequent pH-controlled, anaerobic, batch-culture fermentation model reflective of the distal region of the human large intestine. Following in vitro digestion, 49.8% of the total initial polyphenols were available. In mixed-culture fermentations with faecal inoculate, the digested açai pulp precipitated reductions in the numbers of both the Bacteroides-Prevotella spp. and the Clostridium-histolyticum groups, and increased the short-chain fatty acids produced compared to the negative control. The samples retained significant anti-oxidant and anti-genotoxic potential through digestion and fermentation. Dietary intervention studies are needed to prove that consuming açai is beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randah M Alqurashi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
| | - Sehad N Alarifi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Adele F Costabile
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Life Sciences Department, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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127
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Tani T, Nishikawa S, Kato M, Tsuda T. Delphinidin 3-rutinoside-rich blackcurrant extract ameliorates glucose tolerance by increasing the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:929-933. [PMID: 28748082 PMCID: PMC5520870 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin that is secreted from enteroendocrine L‐cells. Dietary factor‐stimulation of endogenous GLP‐1 is a promising strategy for increasing the action of GLP‐1. Recent studies have shown that berries rich in anthocyanins improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Our previous study found that the anthocyanin delphinidin 3‐rutinoside (D3R) significantly increases GLP‐1 secretion in GLUTag cells (enteroendocrine L cell line). Blackcurrants are berries that contain high levels of anthocyanins, particularly D3R. Pre‐administered blackcurrant extract (BCE) 5 mg/kg body weight (1 mg D3R/kg) significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after intraperitoneal glucose injection in rats by stimulating the secretion of GLP‐1 and subsequently inducing insulin secretion. D3R did not break down significantly in the gastrointestinal tract for at least 45−60 min after BCE was administered, suggesting that BCE‐induced GLP‐1 secretion is mainly mediated by D3R and not its degradation products. These findings demonstrate the novel biological function of D3R‐rich BCE as a GLP‐1 secretagogue. An increase in endogenous GLP‐1 secretion induced by BCE may help to reduce the dosages of diabetic medicines and prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tani
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Sho Nishikawa
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University Kasugai Aichi Japan
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128
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Ho GTT, Kase ET, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Phenolic Elderberry Extracts, Anthocyanins, Procyanidins, and Metabolites Influence Glucose and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2677-2685. [PMID: 28303711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of glucose and fatty acids in skeletal muscle is of interest for type 2 diabetes treatment. The aim was to study glucose and fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle cells, antioxidant effects, and inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes by elderberries. Enhanced glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells were observed after treatment with phenolic elderberry extracts, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and their metabolites. The 96% EtOH and the acidified MeOH extracts were highly active. Of the isolated substances, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside showed highest stimulation of uptake. Phloroglucinol aldehyde was most active among the metabolites. Isolated anthocyanins and procyanidins are strong radical scavengers and are good inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase and moderate inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. As α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, they are considerably better than the positive control acarbose. The antidiabetic property of elderberry phenolics increases the nutritional value of this plant and indicates potential as functional food against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thanh Thi Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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129
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Mueller D, Jung K, Winter M, Rogoll D, Melcher R, Richling E. Human intervention study to investigate the intestinal accessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins from bilberries. Food Chem 2017; 231:275-286. [PMID: 28450007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the importance of the large intestine on the bioavailability of anthocyanins from bilberries in humans with/without a colon. Low bioavailability of anthocyanins in plasma and urine was observed in the frame of this study. Anthocyanins reached the circulation mainly as glucuronides. Analysis of ileal effluents (at end of small intestine) demonstrated that 30% of ingested anthocyanins were stable during 8h passage through the upper intestine. Only 20% degradants were formed and mostly intact anthocyanins were absorbed from the small intestine. Higher amounts of degradants than anthocyanins reached the circulation after bilberry extract consumption in both groups of subjects. Comparison of the bioavailability of anthocyanins in healthy subjects versus ileostomists revealed substantially higher amounts of anthocyanins and degradants in the plasma/urine of subjects with an intact gut. The results suggested that the colon is a significant site for absorption of bioactive components such as anthocyanins and their degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Mueller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jung
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Manuel Winter
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dorothee Rogoll
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Melcher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Spray-Drying of Antioxidant-Rich Blueberry Waste Extracts; Interplay Between Waste Pretreatments and Spray-Drying Process. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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131
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Gutiérrez-Díaz I, Fernández-Navarro T, Salazar N, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV, de Andres-Galiana EJ, Fernández-Martínez JL, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, González S. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Influences the Fecal Metabolic Profile of Microbial-Derived Phenolics in a Spanish Cohort of Middle-Age and Older People. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:586-595. [PMID: 28029051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evidence regarding the influence of certain polyphenol food sources on the metabolic profile in feces, the association between the different phenolics provided by the diet and the fecal phenolic profile has not been elucidated. In this study, the composition of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in 74 volunteers. This fecal phenolic profile showed a high interindividual variation of the different compounds analyzed, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids being the major classes of phenolic metabolites excreted in feces. Subjects with higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern presented greater fecal concentrations of benzoic and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, positively correlated with the intake of the principal classes and subclasses of polyphenols and fibers, and higher levels of Clostridium cluster XVIa and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. These results provide a link among the Mediterranean dietary pattern, the bioactive compounds of the diet, and the fecal metabolic phenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gutiérrez-Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Navarro
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM-CSIC , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM-CSIC , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
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Hornedo-Ortega R, Álvarez-Fernández MA, Cerezo AB, Richard T, Troncoso AMA, Garcia-Parrilla MAC. Protocatechuic Acid: Inhibition of Fibril Formation, Destabilization of Preformed Fibrils of Amyloid-β and α-Synuclein, and Neuroprotection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7722-7732. [PMID: 27686873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is the major metabolite of the anthocyanin known as cyanidin 3-glucoside. It is found in plasma and tissues, such as the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys, following consumption of a rich source of this flavonoid. The abnormal pathological assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein (αS) is an underlying mechanism involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and Lewy bodies in the brain, which are responsible for neuropathology symptoms in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), respectively. This research was performed to evaluate the protective effects of PCA, by establishing its potential role in inhibiting aggregation and fibril destabilization of Aβ and αS proteins. It has been found that PCA inhibits the aggregation of Aβ and αS and destabilizes their preformed fibrils. These results were confirmed by TEM images, electrophoresis, and immunoblotting experiments. Furthermore, PCA prevents the death of PC12 cells triggered by Aβ- and αS-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hornedo-Ortega
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , C/P Garcı́a González No. 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - María Antonia Álvarez-Fernández
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , C/P Garcı́a González No. 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cerezo
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , C/P Garcı́a González No. 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Tristan Richard
- University of Bordeaux, ISVV Bordeaux-Aquitaine , 71 Avenue Edouard Bourleaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Ana Marı A Troncoso
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , C/P Garcı́a González No. 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Marı A Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , C/P Garcı́a González No. 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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133
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Aichinger G, Beisl J, Marko D. Genistein and delphinidin antagonize the genotoxic effects of the mycotoxin alternariol in human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27628123 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Although associated with anti-oxidative properties, genistein has been reported to induce DNA strand breaks, whereby oxidative stress and topoisomerase poisoning are considered as potential mechanisms. In contrast, delphinidin, a catalytic topoisomerase inhibitor, is known to suppress the DNA-damaging properties of several topoisomerase poisons. Recently, alternariol, a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp., was found not only to induce oxidative stress but also to act as a topoisomerase poison. As both, polyphenols and mycotoxins, might occur in our nutrition simultaneously, the question was addressed whether potential combinatory effects on DNA integrity have to be considered. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined combinatory effects of either genistein or delphinidin with alternariol in HT-29 cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by WST-1 and SRB assays, whereby only weak interactions were observed. The comet assay revealed significant antagonistic interactions of both polyphenols with the genotoxicity of AOH. The underlying mechanism comprises the suppression of alternariol-mediated stabilization of DNA/topoisomerase-II-intermediates, as observed in the ICE assay. Furthermore, DEL but not GEN was found to suppress AOH-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that a respective polyphenol-rich diet might aid to protect against genotoxic damages caused by AOH, whereby bioactive concentrations of DEL are predominantly expected locally in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Beisl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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134
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Kent K, Charlton KE, Netzel M, Fanning K. Food-based anthocyanin intake and cognitive outcomes in human intervention trials: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:260-274. [PMID: 27730693 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence suggests that the anthocyanins, which comprise a subclass of dietary flavonoids providing the purple and red pigmentation in plant-based foods, may have a beneficial impact on cognitive outcomes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify the published literature on food-based anthocyanin consumption and cognitive outcomes in human intervention trials. The literature search followed PRISMA guidelines and included six databases, as well as additional hand searching. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this review, comprising acute trials (n = 4) and longer-term (n = 3) interventions that assessed multiple cognitive outcomes in children, adults and older adults with cognitive impairment. Six of seven studies reported improvements in either a single, or multiple, cognitive outcomes, including verbal learning and memory, after anthocyanin-rich food consumption. As a result of methodological limitations and the large clinical and methodological diversity of the studies, the pooling of data for quantitative analysis was not feasible. CONCLUSIONS The impact of food-based anthocyanin consumption on both acute and long-term cognition appears promising. However, adequately powered studies that include sensitive cognitive tasks are needed to confirm these findings and allow the translation of research into dietary messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kent
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K E Charlton
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - K Fanning
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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135
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Song N, Zhang L, Chen W, Zhu H, Deng W, Han Y, Guo J, Qin C. Cyanidin 3- O -β-glucopyranoside activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and alleviates cognitive impairment in the APP swe /PS1 ΔE9 mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1786-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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136
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Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Nagel LJ, Berger W, Marko D. Bilberry extract, its major polyphenolic compounds, and the soy isoflavone genistein antagonize the cytostatic drug erlotinib in human epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:3628-36. [PMID: 27485636 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib (Tarceva®) is a chemotherapeutic drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Recently, RTK-inhibiting polyphenols have been reported to interact synergistically with erlotinib. Furthermore some anthocyanidins and anthocyanin-rich berry extracts have been reported to inhibit tyrosine kinases, including the EGFR, which raises the question of potential interactions with erlotinib. Polyphenol-rich preparations such as berry- or soy-based products are commercially available as food supplements. In the present study we tested a bilberry extract, its major anthocyanin and potential intestinal degradation products, as well as genistein, with respect to possible interactions with erlotinib. Cell growth inhibition was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay, while interactions with EGFR phosphorylation were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/western blotting with subsequent immunodetection. Genistein, bilberry extract, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin were found to antagonize erlotinib whereas phloroglucinol aldehyde was found to enhance cytostatic effects of the drug on human epithelial A431 cells. Genistein also antagonized the EGFR inhibitory effects of erlotinib, whereas bilberry anthocyanins showed no significant interactions in this regard. Our data indicate that different polyphenols are potentially able to impair the cytostatic effect of erlotinib in vitro. Genistein interacts via the modulation of erlotinib-mediated EGFR inhibition whereas bilberry anthocyanins modulated the growth-inhibitory effect of erlotinib without affecting EGFR phosphorylation, thus indicating a different mechanism of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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137
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Cheng JR, Liu XM, Chen ZY, Zhang YS, Zhang YH. Mulberry anthocyanin biotransformation by intestinal probiotics. Food Chem 2016; 213:721-727. [PMID: 27451240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate mulberry anthocyanins bioconversion traits for intestinal probiotics. Five intestinal beneficial bacteria were incubated with mulberry anthocyanins under anaerobic conditions at 37°C, and bacterial β-glucosidase activity and anthocyanin level were determined. Results demonstrated that all strains could convert mulberry anthocyanins to some extent. With high β-glucosidase production capacity, Streptococcus thermophiles GIM 1.321 and Lactobacillus plantarum GIM 1.35 degraded mulberry anthocyanins by 46.17% and 43.62%, respectively. Mulberry anthocyanins were mainly biotransformed to chlorogenic acid, crypto-chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid during the anaerobic process. Non-enzymatic deglycosylation of anthocyanins also occurred and approximately 19.42% of the anthocyanins were degraded within 48h by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Cheng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ming Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yi Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - You-Sheng Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Ye-Hui Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
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138
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Guttenplan JB, Chen KM, Sun YW, Kosinska W, Zhou Y, Kim SA, Sung Y, Gowda K, Amin S, Stoner GD, El-Bayoumy K. Effects of Black Raspberry Extract and Protocatechuic Acid on Carcinogen-DNA Adducts and Mutagenesis, and Oxidative Stress in Rat and Human Oral Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:704-12. [PMID: 27267891 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of black raspberry (BRB) extract and protocatechuic acid (PCA) on DNA adduct formation and mutagenesis induced by metabolites of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) were investigated in rat oral fibroblasts. The DBP metabolites, (±)-anti-11,12-dihydroxy-11,12,-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP-diol) and 11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) induced dose-dependent DNA adducts and mutations. DBPDE was considerably more potent, whereas the parent compound had no significant effect. Treatment with BRB extract (BRBE) and PCA resulted in reduced DBP-derived DNA adduct levels and reduced mutagenesis induced by DBP-diol, but only BRBE was similarly effective against (DBPDE). BRBE did not directly inactivate DBPDE, but rather induced a cellular response-enhanced DNA repair. When BRBE was added to cells 1 day after the DBP-diol, the BRBE greatly enhanced removal of DBP-derived DNA adducts. As oxidative stress can contribute to several stages of carcinogenesis, BRBE and PCA were investigated for their abilities to reduce oxidative stress in a human leukoplakia cell line by monitoring the redox indicator, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF) in cellular and acellular systems. BRBE effectively inhibited the oxidation, but PCA was only minimally effective against H2DCF. These results taken together provide evidence that BRBE and PCA can inhibit initiation of carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and in addition, BRBE reduces oxidative stress. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 704-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Guttenplan
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Wieslawa Kosinska
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Seungjin Agatha Kim
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Youngjae Sung
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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139
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Keane KM, George TW, Constantinou CL, Brown MA, Clifford T, Howatson G. Effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) consumption on vascular function in men with early hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1531-9. [PMID: 27146650 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherries contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that could potentially improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the acute effects of Montmorency tart cherry (MC) juice on vascular function in subjects with early hypertension. DESIGN A placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover, randomized Latin square design study with a washout period of ≥14 d was conducted. Fifteen men with early hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or both] received either a 60-mL dose of MC concentrate or placebo. Microvascular reactivity (laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and analysis), blood pressure, and phenolic acid absorption were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h postconsumption. RESULTS MC consumption significantly lowered SBP (P < 0.05) over a period of 3 h, with peak reductions of mean ± SEM 7 ± 3 mm Hg 2 h after MC consumption relative to the placebo. Improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors were closely linked to increases in circulating protocatechuic and vanillic acid at 1-2 h. CONCLUSIONS MC intake acutely reduces SBP in men with early hypertension. These benefits may be mechanistically linked to the actions of circulating phenolic acids. This study provides information on a new application of MCs in health maintenance, particularly in positively modulating SBP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02234648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Keane
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Trevor W George
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Costas L Constantinou
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom Clifford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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140
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1265-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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141
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Braune A, Blaut M. Bacterial species involved in the conversion of dietary flavonoids in the human gut. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:216-34. [PMID: 26963713 PMCID: PMC4939924 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the conversion of dietary flavonoids and thereby affects their health-promoting effects in the human host. The identification of the bacteria involved in intestinal flavonoid conversion has gained increasing interest. This review summarizes available information on the so far identified human intestinal flavonoid-converting bacterial species and strains as well as their enzymes catalyzing the underlying reactions. The majority of described species involved in flavonoid transformation are capable of carrying out the O-deglycosylation of flavonoids. Other bacteria cleave the less common flavonoid-C-glucosides and/or further degrade the aglycones of flavonols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones, dihydrochalcones, isoflavones and monomeric flavan-3-ols. To increase the currently limited knowledge in this field, identification of flavonoid-converting bacteria should be continued using culture-dependent screening or isolation procedures and molecular approaches based on sequence information of the involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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142
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Kohl KD, Samuni-Blank M, Lymberakis P, Kurnath P, Izhaki I, Arad Z, Karasov WH, Dearing MD. Effects of Fruit Toxins on Intestinal and Microbial β-Glucosidase Activities of Seed-Predating and Seed-Dispersing Rodents (Acomys spp.). Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:198-205. [DOI: 10.1086/685546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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143
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Tsuda T. Recent Progress in Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Effect of Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020013. [PMID: 27058561 PMCID: PMC4931534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Various favorable functions of berries cannot be explained by their anti-oxidant properties, and thus, berries are now receiving great interest as food ingredients with “beyond antioxidant” functions. In this review, we discuss the potential health benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, with a focus on prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. To better understand the physiological functionality of berries, the exact molecular mechanism of their anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effect should be clarified. Additionally, the relationship of metabolites and degradation products with health benefits derived from anthocyanins needs to be elucidated. The preventive effects of berries and anthocyanin-containing foods on the metabolic syndrome are not always supported by findings of interventional studies in humans, and thus further studies are necessary. Use of standardized diets and conditions by all research groups may address this problem. Berries are tasty foods that are easy to consume, and thus, investigating their health benefits is critical for health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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144
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Guergoletto KB, Costabile A, Flores G, Garcia S, Gibson GR. In vitro fermentation of juçara pulp ( Euterpe edulis ) by human colonic microbiota. Food Chem 2016; 196:251-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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145
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Wu Z, Weng P. The Modulatory Effect of Anthocyanins from Purple Sweet Potato on Human Intestinal Microbiota in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2582-90. [PMID: 26975278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the modulatory effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) on human intestinal microbiota, PSPAs were prepared by column chromatography and their influence on intestinal microbiota was analyzed by monitoring the bacterial populations and analyzing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations at different time points. The numbers (log10 cell/mL) of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides-Prevotella, Clostridium histolyticum, and total bacteria after 24 h of culture in anaerobic fermentation broth containing PSPAs were 8.44 ± 0.02, 8.30 ± 0.01, 7.80 ± 0.03, 7.60 ± 0.03, and 9.00 ± 0.02, respectively, compared with 8.21 ± 0.03, 8.12 ± 0.02, 7.95 ± 0.02, 7.77 ± 0.02, and 9.01 ± 0.03, respectively, in the controls. The results showed that PSPAs induced the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp., inhibited the growth of Bacteroides-Prevotella and Clostridium histolyticum, and did not affect the total bacteria number. Total SCFA concentrations in the cultures with PSPAs were significantly higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, during the fermentation, the PSPAs were partially fragmented to phenolic acids, which may exert a better effect on intestinal microecology, suggesting that PSPAs may have prebiotic-like activity by generating SCFAs and modulating the intestinal microbiota, contributing to improvements in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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146
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Ozdal T, Sela DA, Xiao J, Boyacioglu D, Chen F, Capanoglu E. The Reciprocal Interactions between Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota and Effects on Bioaccessibility. Nutrients 2016; 8:78. [PMID: 26861391 PMCID: PMC4772042 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As of late, polyphenols have increasingly interested the scientific community due to their proposed health benefits. Much of this attention has focused on their bioavailability. Polyphenol-gut microbiota interactions should be considered to understand their biological functions. The dichotomy between the biotransformation of polyphenols into their metabolites by gut microbiota and the modulation of gut microbiota composition by polyphenols contributes to positive health outcomes. Although there are many studies on the in vivo bioavailability of polyphenols, the mutual relationship between polyphenols and gut microbiota is not fully understood. This review focuses on the biotransformation of polyphenols by gut microbiota, modulation of gut microbiota by polyphenols, and the effects of these two-way mutual interactions on polyphenol bioavailability, and ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Okan Univesity, Tuzla, Istanbul TR-34959, Turkey.
| | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Dilek Boyacioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul TR-34469, Turkey.
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul TR-34469, Turkey.
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147
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Abstract
A light-to-moderate wine consumption has been shown to provide several beneficial effects on the skeletal system, including reduced risk of bone mass loss and fractures. Wine is rich in phenolic compounds, strong phytoestrogens and natural antioxidants, to which bone protection is mainly attributed. The objective of this review was to give an overview of the exact mechanisms by which wine consumption is involved in bone protection. We found a great variety of in vitro research on the beneficial effects of isolated wine phenolics on the skeletal system, with a significant lack of evidence of their in vivo effects. In addition, we found almost no studies investigating how wine, a mixture of these phenolics dissolved in ethanol, affects the skeletal system. Our results warrant further research on this interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Kutleša
- Orthopedic Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Budimir Mršić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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148
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Peiffer DS, Wang LS, Zimmerman NP, Ransom BWS, Carmella SG, Kuo CT, Chen JH, Oshima K, Huang YW, Hecht SS, Stoner GD. Dietary Consumption of Black Raspberries or Their Anthocyanin Constituents Alters Innate Immune Cell Trafficking in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 4:72-82. [PMID: 26603620 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB), their component anthocyanins (AC), and a metabolite of BRB ACs, protocatechuic acid (PCA), inhibit the development of esophageal cancer in rats induced by the carcinogen, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). All three components reduce inflammation in the esophagus and in plasma. The present study determined the relation of changes in inflammatory markers to infiltration of innate immune cells into NMBA-treated esophagus. Rats were injected with NMBA (0.35 mg/kg) for 5 weeks while on control diet. Following NMBA treatment, rats were fed diets containing 6.1% BRB powder, an AC-rich fraction of BRBs (3.8 μmol/g), or 500 ppm PCA. At weeks 15, 25, and 35, inflammatory biomarker expression in the plasma and esophagus was quantified, and infiltration of immune cells in the esophagus was examined. At all three time points, BRB, AC, and PCA similarly affected cytokine production in the esophagus and plasma of NMBA-treated rats, relative to the NMBA-only control. These included decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10. Moreover, all three diets also increased the expression of IL12, a cytokine that activates both cytolytic natural killer and CD8(+) T cells. In addition, the three diets also decreased infiltration of both macrophages and neutrophils into the esophagus. Overall, our results suggest that another mechanism by which BRBs, ACs, and PCA inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis is by altering cytokine expression and innate immune cell trafficking into tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peiffer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chieh-Ti Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jo-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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149
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Kuntz S, Kunz C, Rudloff S. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell migration by plasma anthocyanins isolated from healthy volunteers receiving an anthocyanin-rich berry juice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:203-214. [PMID: 26476633 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer type, of which the most important characteristics are migration and metastasis. Anthocyanins (ACN) are discussed to be protective phytochemicals; however, up to now only scarce data are available regarding their effects on cancer prevention. In this study, we aimed to determine whether ACN and their metabolites from plasma (PAM), isolated from blood of healthy volunteers after ingestion of an ACN-rich juice, are effective in modulating cancer cell migration in vitro. METHODS PAM were isolated from blood of healthy volunteers (n = 10) after consumption of an ACN-rich berry juice. Before ingestion (PAM0min) and after 60 min (PAM60min), blood was taken and PAM were isolated from plasma by solid-phase extraction. Migration of pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and AsPC-1 was assayed in a Boyden chamber. The influence of PAM on cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) or mitochondria-specific ROS was measured fluorimetrically. mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and NF-κB mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS After application of PAM60min to PANC-1, we observed a reduced cell migration, which was associated with reduced levels of endogenously generated ROS concomitant with reduced NF-κB as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression levels. In AsPC-1 cells, however, migration was not affected by PAM60min. CONCLUSION It can be assumed that physiologically relevant ACN and their metabolites were able to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell migration in dependency of the phenotype of cells and may thus deserve further attention as potential bioactive phytochemicals in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuntz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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150
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Intermolecular binding of blueberry pectin-rich fractions and anthocyanin. Food Chem 2015; 194:986-93. [PMID: 26471644 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pectin was extracted from blueberry powder into three fractions of water soluble (WSF), chelator soluble (CSF) and sodium carbonate soluble (NSF). The fractions were incubated with cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a mixture of five anthocyanidins (cyanidin, pelargonidin, malvidin, petunidin and delphinidin) or blueberry juice at pH 2.0-4.5. Free anthocyanins and bound anthocyanin-pectin mixtures were separated by ultrafiltration. WSF bound the least amount of anthocyanin at all pH values. CSF had stronger anthocyanin binding ability at pH 2.0-3.6, while NSF had stronger anthocyanin binding ability at pH 3.6-4.5. The pectin and anthocyanin binding was lowest at pH 4.5 and higher at pH 2.0-3.6. Nearly doubling C3G pigment content increased bound anthocyanin percentage by 16-23% at pH 3.6, which favored anthocyanin aromatic stacking, compared to 3-9% increase at pH 2.0. Ionic interaction between anthocyanin flavylium cations and free pectic carboxyl groups, and anthocyanin stacking may be two major mechanisms for pectin and anthocyanin binding.
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