101
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Correa L, Fiscal JA, Ceballos S, de la Ossa A, Taborda G, Nerin C, Rosero-Moreano M. Hollow-fiber solvent bar microextraction with gas chromatography and electron capture detection determination of disinfection byproducts in water samples. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3945-3953. [PMID: 26354941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A liquid-phase microextraction method that uses a hollow-fiber solvent bar microextraction technique was developed by combining gas chromatography with electron capture detection for the analysis of four trihalomethanes (chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform) in drinking water. In the microextraction process, 1-octanol was used as the solvent. The technique operates in a two-phase mode with a 5 min extraction time, a 700 rpm stirring speed, a 30°C extraction temperature, and NaCl concentration of 20%. After microextraction, one edge of the membrane was cut, and 1 μL of solvent was collected from the membrane using a 10 μL syringe. The solvent sample was directly injected into the gas chromatograph. The analytical characteristics of the developed method were as follows: detection limits, 0.017-0.037 ng mL-1 ; linear working range, 10-900 ng mL-1 ; recovery, 74 ± 9-91 ± 2; relative standard deviation, 5.7-10.3; and enrichment factor, 330-455. A simple, fast, economic, selective, and efficient method with big possibilities for automation was developed with a potential use to apply with other matrices and analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Correa
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Química, Manizales-Colombia
| | - Jhon Alex Fiscal
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Química, Manizales-Colombia
| | - Sandra Ceballos
- Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas DTSC, Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Área de Análisis Instrumental, Hospital Santa Sofía Edificio Urgencias tercer piso, Manizales-Colombia
| | - Alberto de la Ossa
- Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas DTSC, Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Área de Análisis Instrumental, Hospital Santa Sofía Edificio Urgencias tercer piso, Manizales-Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Taborda
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Química, Manizales-Colombia
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Universidad de Zaragoza, EINA Departamento de Química Analítica Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza-España
| | - Milton Rosero-Moreano
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Química, Manizales-Colombia
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102
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Serrano M, Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Garcinuño R, Bravo J, Fernández P. Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the isolation of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. Talanta 2015; 143:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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103
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Tranchida PQ, Maimone M, Purcaro G, Dugo P, Mondello L. The penetration of green sample-preparation techniques in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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104
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Escobar-Arnanz J, Ramos L. The latest trends in the miniaturized treatment of solid samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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105
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106
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Kokosa JM. Recent trends in using single-drop microextraction and related techniques in green analytical methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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107
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In-situ suspended aggregate microextraction: A sample preparation approach for the enrichment of organic compounds in aqueous solutions. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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108
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A novel mixed-mode solid phase extraction coupled with LC–MS/MS for the re-evaluation of free 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma as an oxidative stress biomarker. Talanta 2015; 140:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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109
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Xiao X, Yan K, Xu X, Li G. Rapid analysis of ractopamine in pig tissues by dummy-template imprinted solid-phase extraction coupling with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2015; 138:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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110
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Martins FS, da Conceição EC. Evaluation of extraction method on the chemical composition in Apeiba tibourbou Aubl's extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:368-73. [PMID: 25829777 PMCID: PMC4378136 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The extraction method of bioactive compounds is an important step in the manufacturing of herbal medicines, because secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential are usually found in small quantities in plant materials. Objective: Due the potential of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extraction method on the quality of herbal extract and optimize the extraction of fatty acid, rosmarinic (Ra) and caffeic (Ca) acid from A. tibourbou. Materials and Methods: Determinations of residual moisture (Rm), proteins (Pt), lipids (Lp), total fiber (Tf), and carbohydrate (Cy) were performed in triplicate samples according assessment of antioxidant capacity. Extraction of fatty acids was carried out by two different methods: (i) By shoxlet and (ii) bligh and dyer. The optimized conditions were determined by surface response methodology (RSM), and the criterion of desirability was the maximum extraction of Ra and Ca. Results: The method of bligh and dyer was able to extraction more total Lp than the shoxlet. However, the extraction of fatty acid was different for the two methods. The optimized conditions to extract RA and Ca was calculated by RSM, 42°C, 30% (alcohol degree) and 24 min, this conditions maximize simultaneously the extraction of Ca (0, 04%) and Ry (1.89), Conclusion: It was observed that the extraction method alters the chemical composition of extract, and it is possible to extract Ca and Ra from A. tibourbou's leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Severino Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Faculty of Pharmacy Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Goiás, Brazil
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111
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Manard BT, Jones SMH, Marcus RK. Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers for the rapid extraction of proteins from urine matrices prior to detection with MALDI-MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:522-30. [PMID: 25450308 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While MS is a powerful tool for biomarker determinations, the high salt content and the small molecules present in urine poses incredible challenges. Separation/extraction methods must be employed for the isolation of target species at relevant concentrations. Micropipette tips packed with capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are employed for the SPE of proteins from a synthetic and a certified urine matrix. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Extractions are performed utilizing a very simple centrifugation method to spin-down species through the C-CP fiber tips. Proteins adsorb to the hydrophobic polypropylene fibers and are eluted in a solvent suitable for MALDI-MS analysis. Figures of merit are determined for representative compounds β2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, and transferrin. RESULTS The optimum protein processing included a 100 μL aqueous rinse and an elution solvent composition was 10 μL of 55:45 ACN:water (with triflouroacetic acid). MALDI-MS responses for the target proteins are improved from nondetectable levels to eventually yield LOD ranging from 5 to 180 nM in 1 μL aliquots. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE C-CP fiber tips offer a plethora of advantages including low materials costs, high throughput, microvolume processing, and the determination of sub-nanogram quantities of analyte; allowing determination of biomarkers that are otherwise undetectable in urine matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M H Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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112
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Martins FS, Pascoa H, de Paula JR, da Conceição EC. Technical aspects on production of fluid extract from Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul roots. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:226-31. [PMID: 25709236 PMCID: PMC4329627 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.149742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Instruction: Despite the increased use of Brosimum gaudichaudii roots as raw material on medicine to treatment of vitiligo, there are not studies that showing the impact of unit operations on the quality and standardized of the extract of B. gaudichaudii. The quality of the herbal extract is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical product. Due the medical and commercial importance, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extraction method (ultrasound or percolation) on the quality of herbal extract and optimize the extraction of psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) from B. gaudichaudii. Materials and Methods: The extraction recovery was evaluate by high-performance liquid chromatography (C8 reverse phase column and acetonitrile: Water 45:55 and flow rate 0.6 mL/min). The extraction was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEA) or percolation using a Box-Behnken design. Results: From both chemical markers (psoralen and bergapten), the optimal conditions for the UEA were an extraction time of 25 min, the mean particle size of 100 μm, and an ethanol: Water ratio of 55:45 (v/v). Conclusion: The extraction by percolation revealed that ethanol 55% was more efficient than ethanol 80% to extract psoralen and bergapten.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrique Pascoa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Research, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Realino de Paula
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Research, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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113
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Pano-Farias NS, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Gonzalez J, Jurado JM, Muñiz-Valencia R. Supercritical fluid chromatography with photodiode array detection for pesticide analysis in papaya and avocado samples. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1240-7. [PMID: 25641906 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To improve the analysis of pesticides in complex food matrices with economic importance, alternative chromatographic techniques, such as supercritical fluid chromatography, can be used. Supercritical fluid chromatography has barely been applied for pesticide analysis in food matrices. In this paper, an analytical method using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detection has been established for the first time for the quantification of pesticides in papaya and avocado. The extraction of methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, carbofuran, and carbaryl was performed through the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe methodology. The method was validated using papaya and avocado samples. For papaya, the correlation coefficient values were higher than 0.99; limits of detection and quantification ranged from 130-380 and 220-640 μg/kg, respectively; recovery values ranged from 72.8-94.6%; precision was lower than 3%. For avocado, limit of detection values were ˂450 μg/kg; precision was lower than 11%; recoveries ranged from 50.0-94.2%. Method feasibility was tested for lime, banana, mango, and melon samples. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, and carbaryl, toxics pesticides used worldwide. The methodology presented in this work could be applicable to other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma S Pano-Farias
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán, Colima, México
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114
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Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and relative metabolites in sewage treatment plant and recipient river by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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115
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Ghaedi M, Roosta M, Khodadoust S, Daneshfar A. Application of Optimized Vortex-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced DLLME for Preconcentration of Thymol and Carvacrol, and Their Determination by HPLC-UV: Response Surface Methodology. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1222-31. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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116
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Guo Y, Kannan K. Analytical Methods for the Measurement of Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Complex Sample Matrices. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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117
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Jiao J, Gai QY, Luo M, Peng X, Zhao CJ, Fu YJ, Ma W. Direct determination of astragalosides and isoflavonoids from fresh Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures by high speed homogenization coupled with cavitation-accelerated extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSH-CAE-LC-MS/MS opened up a new avenue for the direct determination of secondary metabolic profiles from fresh plant in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical
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118
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Botas A, Campbell HM, Han X, Maletic-Savatic M. Metabolomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 122:53-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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119
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Chen X, You X, Liu F, Hou F, Zhang X. Ionic-liquid-based, manual-shaking- and ultrasound-assisted, surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of three fungicide residues in juice samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:93-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Chen
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiangwei You
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Fan Hou
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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120
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Gardner MA, Sampsel S, Jenkins WW, Owens JE. Analysis of fentanyl in urine by DLLME-GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 39:118-25. [PMID: 25492522 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is a synthetic narcotic anesthetic ∼80-100 times more potent than morphine. Owing to the potential for its abuse, the drug may be included in a forensic toxicology work-up, which requires fast, precise and accurate measurements. Here, the stability of fentanyl was assessed when stored at three different temperatures (-20, 4 and 25°C) in synthetic urine. Stability at those three temperatures was demonstrated over 12 weeks upon analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a deuterated internal standard (fentanyl-D5) utilizing three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction and dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The DLLME method was then optimized before use in the analysis of fentanyl in urine samples obtained from autopsy cases at the El Paso County Coroner's Office. Accuracy of the DLLME method was assessed by completing spike and recovery studies at three different fortification levels (10, 100 and 250 ng/mL) with excellent recovery (89.9-102.6%). The excellent comparability between DLLME and LLE is demonstrated (Bland-Altman difference plot with a mean difference of 4.9 ng/mL) and the use of this methodology in the analysis of forensically relevant samples is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Sheena Sampsel
- Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Werner W Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA El Paso County Coroner's Office, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Janel E Owens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
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121
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Aturki Z, Rocco A, Rocchi S, Fanali S. Current applications of miniaturized chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in drug analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:194-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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122
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Innovative sampling and extraction methods for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 106:100-6. [PMID: 25434009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two different innovative approaches were used for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in water: stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and passive sampling, followed by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. SBSE was developed by comparing EG-Silicone and PDMS stir bars and optimizing main parameters to attain high preconcentration. Quantitative analysis was carried out by mass spectrometry in negative ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring. The SBSE-LC-MS/MS method provided satisfactory figures of merit with LOD (7.5-71 ng L(-1)) and LOQ (22.5-213 ng L(-1)). The developed method was successfully applied to real samples collected from river water and wastewater effluents. The obtained results showed the presence of all analytes at trace levels, in a wide range of concentrations. The passive sampling approach was carried out by using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS); samplers were deployed for 15 days in river and tap water, allowing to detect analytes at ultra-trace levels. Time-Weighted Average concentration of NSAIDs in river water was estimated in the range 0.33-0.46 ng L(-1), using the sampling rates previously obtained by means of a simple calibration system.
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123
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Adaway JE, Keevil BG, Owen LJ. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:18-38. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563214557678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical laboratory medicine has seen the introduction and evolution of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in routine clinical laboratories over the last 10–15 years. There still exists a wide diversity of assays from very esoteric and highly specialist manual assays to more simplified kit-based assays. The technology is not static as manufacturers are continually making improvements. Mass spectrometry is now commonly used in several areas of diagnostics including therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicology, endocrinology, paediatrics and microbiology. Some of the most high throughput analyses or common analytes include vitamin D, immunosuppressant monitoring, androgen measurement and newborn screening. It also offers flexibility for the measurement of analytes in a variety of different matrices which would prove difficult with immunoassays. Unlike immunoassays or high-pressure liquid chromatography assays using ultraviolet or fluorescence detection, mass spectrometry offers better specificity and reduced interferences if attention is paid to potential isobaric compounds. Furthermore, multiplexing, which enables multiple analytes to be measured with the same volume of serum is advantageous, and the requirement for large sample volumes is decreasing as instrument sensitivity increases. There are many emerging applications in the literature. Using mass spectrometry to identify novel isoforms or modified peptides is possible as is quantification of proteins and peptides, with or without protein digests. Future developments by the manufacturers may also include mechanisms to improve the throughput of samples and strategies to decrease the level of skill required by the operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Adaway
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian G Keevil
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura J Owen
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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124
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Development of stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction mediated by magnetic nanoparticles and its analytical application to the determination of hydrophobic organic compounds in aqueous media. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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125
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Zhong Q, Qiu X, Lin C, Shen L, Huo Y, Zhan S, Yao J, Huang T, Kawano SI, Hashi Y, Xiao L, Zhou T. An automatic versatile system integrating solid-phase extraction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a dual-dilution strategy for direct analysis of auxins in plant extracts. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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126
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Andraščíková M, Matisová E, Hrouzková S. Liquid Phase Microextraction Techniques as a Sample Preparation Step for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.872125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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127
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of flavonoid aglycone compounds in honey using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 131:185-91. [PMID: 25281091 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid approach for the determination of eight flavonoid aglycone compounds, baicalein, hesperitin, fisetin, naringenin, chrysin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, in honey samples and related products has been optimized and validated. The enriched extracts obtained by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-ToFMS). For DLLME, using acetonitrile and chloroform as disperser and extractant solvents, respectively, a Taguchi experimental method was applied to find the optimal combination of following six factors: disperser and extractant solvent volumes, sodium chloride concentration, pH of the aqueous phase, honey mass and centrifugation time. The sedimented organic phase obtained after centrifugation was evaporated, reconstituted in acetonitrile and submitted to LC. The matrix effect was evaluated, and it was concluded that sample quantification can be carried out against aqueous external standards when using DAD and by matrix-matched calibration in the case of ToFMS. Detection limits in the ranges of 0.4-4 and 0.01-0.5 ng g(-1) were obtained for DAD and ToFMS, respectively. Satisfactory recovery values between 80 and 111% were obtained for three spiked samples. Honeys and related products were analyzed and flavonoids were found within a wide range.
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128
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Vázquez MP, Vázquez PP, Galera MM, Moreno AU. Comparison of two ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction approaches for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides in wastewater using liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap–mass spectrometry: Evaluation of green parameters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1356:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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129
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Ivdra N, Herrero-Martín S, Fischer A. Validation of user- and environmentally friendly extraction and clean-up methods for compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in soils. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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130
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Padrón MET, Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Microextraction techniques coupled to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of organic micropollutants in environmental water samples. Molecules 2014; 19:10320-49. [PMID: 25033059 PMCID: PMC6272018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, sample preparation was carried out using traditional techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), that use large volumes of organic solvents. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) uses much less solvent than LLE, although the volume can still be significant. These preparation methods are expensive, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Recently, a great effort has been made to develop new analytical methodologies able to perform direct analyses using miniaturised equipment, thereby achieving high enrichment factors, minimising solvent consumption and reducing waste. These microextraction techniques improve the performance during sample preparation, particularly in complex water environmental samples, such as wastewaters, surface and ground waters, tap waters, sea and river waters. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOF/MS) techniques can be used when analysing a broad range of organic micropollutants. Before separating and detecting these compounds in environmental samples, the target analytes must be extracted and pre-concentrated to make them detectable. In this work, we review the most recent applications of microextraction preparation techniques in different water environmental matrices to determine organic micropollutants: solid-phase microextraction SPME, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Several groups of compounds are considered organic micropollutants because these are being released continuously into the environment. Many of these compounds are considered emerging contaminants. These analytes are generally compounds that are not covered by the existing regulations and are now detected more frequently in different environmental compartments. Pharmaceuticals, surfactants, personal care products and other chemicals are considered micropollutants. These compounds must be monitored because, although they are detected in low concentrations, they might be harmful toward ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Esther Torres Padrón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Cristina Afonso-Olivares
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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131
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Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples. Molecules 2014; 19:6776-808. [PMID: 24858267 PMCID: PMC6271381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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132
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Fontanals N, Miralles N, Abdullah N, Davies A, Gilart N, Cormack P. Evaluation of strong cation-exchange polymers for the determination of drugs by solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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133
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Feasibility of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct analysis of samples extracted by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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134
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del Mar Parrilla Vázquez M, Martínez Galera M, Parrilla Vázquez P, Uclés Moreno A. Trace analysis of herbicides in wastewaters by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction approach and liquid chromatography with quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry: Evaluation of green parameters. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1511-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Parrilla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; University of Almería, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL. Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario, ceiA3, La Cañada de San Urbano; Almería Spain
| | - Maria Martínez Galera
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; University of Almería, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL. Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario, ceiA3, La Cañada de San Urbano; Almería Spain
| | - Piedad Parrilla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; University of Almería, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL. Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario, ceiA3, La Cañada de San Urbano; Almería Spain
| | - Ana Uclés Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; University of Almería, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, BITAL. Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario, ceiA3, La Cañada de San Urbano; Almería Spain
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135
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Burdette CQ, Marcus RK. Solid phase extraction of proteins from buffer solutions employing capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers as the stationary phase. Analyst 2014; 138:1098-106. [PMID: 23223274 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are applied for solid phase extraction (SPE) of proteins from aqueous buffer solutions using a micropipette tip-based format. A process was developed in which centrifugation is used as the moving force for solution passage in the loading/washing steps instead of the previously employed manual aspiration. The complete procedure requires ~15 minutes, with the number of samples run in parallel limited only by the capacity of the centrifuge. The method performance was evaluated based on adsorption and elution characteristics of several proteins (cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin, and glucose oxidase) from 150 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions. Protein concentration ranges of ~2 to 100 μg mL(-1) were employed and the recovery characteristics determined through UV-Vis absorbance spectrophotometry for protein quantification. The protein loading capacities across the range of proteins was ~1.5 μg for the 5 mg fiber tips. Average recoveries from PBS were determined for each protein sample; cytochrome c ~86%, lysozyme ~80%, myoglobin ~86%, and glucose oxidase ~89%. Recoveries from more complex matrices, synthetic urine and synthetic saliva, were determined to be ~90%. A 10× dilution study for a fixed 1 μg protein application yielded 94 ± 3.2% recoveries. The C-CP tips provided significantly higher recoveries for myoglobin in a 150 mM PBS matrix in comparison to a commercially available protein SPE product, with the added advantages of low cost, rapid processing, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Q Burdette
- Biosystems Research Complex, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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136
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Soso SB, Koziel JA, Johnson A, Lee YJ, Fairbanks WS. Analytical methods for chemical and sensory characterization of scent-markings in large wild mammals: a review. SENSORS 2014; 14:4428-65. [PMID: 24603639 PMCID: PMC4003951 DOI: 10.3390/s140304428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In conjoining the disciplines of "ethology" and "chemistry" the field of "Ethochemistry" has been instituted. Ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. Chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. Particular attention has recently been focused on scent-marking analysis of great cats (Kalahari leopards (Panthera pardus), puma (Puma concolor) snow leopard (Panthera uncia), African lions (Panthera leo), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), and tigers (Panthera tigris)) for the purpose of conservation. Sensory analyses of scent-markings could address knowledge gaps in ethochemistry. The objective of this review is to summarize the current state-of-the art of both the chemical and sensory analyses of scent-markings in wild mammals. Specific focus is placed on sampling and sample preparation, chemical analysis, sensory analysis, and simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses. Constituents of exocrine and endocrine secretions have been most commonly studied with chromatography-based analytical separations. Odor analysis of scent-markings provides an insight into the animal's sensory perception. A limited number of articles have been published in the area of sensory characterization of scent marks. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses with chromatography-olfactometry hyphenation could potentially aid conservation efforts by linking perceived odor, compounds responsible for odor, and resulting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Soso
- Environmental Science Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Environmental Science Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Anna Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - W Sue Fairbanks
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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137
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Surma M, Sadowska-Rociek A, Cieślik E. The application of d-SPE in the QuEChERS method for the determination of PAHs in food of animal origin with GC–MS detection. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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138
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Comparison of Disposable Pipette Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction in the QuEChERS Method for Analysis of Pesticides in Strawberries. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 52:1339-45. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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139
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Páleníková A, Hrouzková S. Microextraction in packed syringe: solvent-minimized sample preparation technique. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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140
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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141
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Gilart N, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Fontanals N. New coatings for stir-bar sorptive extraction of polar emerging organic contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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142
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Spietelun A, Marcinkowski Ł, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J. Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques. Talanta 2014; 119:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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143
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Campos CDM, Park JK, Neužil P, da Silva JAF, Manz A. Membrane-free electroextraction using an aqueous two-phase system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method of continuous electroextraction of amino acids using aqueous two phase system in a microchip. The separations occur due to differences in electrophoretic mobility and solvent affinity. The results suggest the possibility of high levels of purification by controlling the electric field across the liquid barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. M. Campos
- KIST-Europe
- 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chemistry Institute
- State University of Campinas
- Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - P. Neužil
- KIST-Europe
- 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - J. A. F. da Silva
- Chemistry Institute
- State University of Campinas
- Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica
- INCTBio
| | - A. Manz
- KIST-Europe
- 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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144
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Current practice of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in metabolomics and metabonomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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145
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Vetrova OV, Konovalov KB, Gavrilenko MA. Application of Humic Sorbents for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ Ions Preconcentration from Aqueous Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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146
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Castro-Puyana M, Mendiola JA, Ibañez E. Strategies for a cleaner new scientific discipline of green foodomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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147
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Carro A, González P, Lorenzo R. Simultaneous derivatization and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of chloropropanols in soy milk and other aqueous matrices combined with gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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148
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Pena-Abaurrea M, García de la Torre V, Ramos L. Ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by disposable pipette purification for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in small-size biological tissue samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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149
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Heng MY, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Ong ES. Emerging green technologies for the chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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150
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Rapid analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in bovine tissues using disposable pipette extraction and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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