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Negewo NA, Gibson PG, Simpson JL, McDonald VM, Baines KJ. Severity of Lung Function Impairment Drives Transcriptional Phenotypes of COPD and Relates to Immune and Metabolic Processes. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:273-287. [PMID: 36942279 PMCID: PMC10024507 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s388297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to characterize transcriptional phenotypes of COPD through unsupervised clustering of sputum gene expression profiles, and further investigate mechanisms underlying the characteristics of these clusters. Patients and methods Induced sputum samples were collected from patients with stable COPD (n = 72) and healthy controls (n = 15). Induced sputum was collected for inflammatory cell counts, and RNA extracted. Transcriptional profiles were generated (Illumina Humanref-8 V2) and analyzed by GeneSpring GX14.9.1. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and differential gene expression analysis were performed, and gene alterations validated in the ECLIPSE dataset (GSE22148). Results We identified 2 main clusters (Cluster 1 [n = 35] and Cluster 2 [n = 37]), which further divided into 4 sub-clusters (Sub-clusters 1.1 [n = 14], 1.2 [n = 21], 2.1 [n = 20] and 2.2 [n = 17]). Compared with Cluster 1, Cluster 2 was associated with significantly lower lung function (p = 0.014), more severe disease (p = 0.009) and breathlessness (p = 0.035), and increased sputum neutrophils (p = 0.031). Sub-cluster 1.1 had significantly higher proportion of people with comorbid cardiovascular disease compared to the other 3 sub-clusters (92.5% vs 57.1%, 50% and 52.9%, p < 0.013). Through supervised analysis we determined that degree of airflow limitation (GOLD stage) was the predominant factor driving gene expression differences in our transcriptional clusters. There were 452 genes (adjusted p < 0.05 and ≥2 fold) altered in GOLD stage 3 and 4 versus 1 and 2, of which 281 (62%) were also found to be significantly expressed between these GOLD stages in the ECLIPSE data set (GSE22148). Differentially expressed genes were largely downregulated in GOLD stages 3 and 4 and connected in 5 networks relating to lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism; metabolic processes in oxidation/reduction and mitochondrial function; antigen processing and presentation; regulation of complement activation and innate immune responses; and immune and metabolic processes. Conclusion Severity of lung function drives 2 distinct transcriptional phenotypes of COPD and relates to immune and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netsanet A Negewo
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: Katherine J Baines, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 2 East Wing, Locked Bag 1000, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia, Tel +61 2 40420090, Fax +61 2 40420046, Email
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Xiao L, Wang M, Shi Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Deng H, Pan W, Wang W, Sun H. Secondary White Matter Injury Mediated by Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Promising Therapeutic Strategies of Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:669-686. [PMID: 36043798 PMCID: PMC10207923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disease with high mortality and disability. Recent studies showed that white matter injury (WMI) plays an important role in motor dysfunction after ICH. WMI includes WMI proximal to the lesion and WMI distal to the lesion, such as corticospinal tract injury located at the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord after ICH. Previous studies have tended to focus only on gray matter (GM) injury after ICH, and fewer studies have paid attention to WMI, which may be one of the reasons for the poor outcome of previous drug treatments. Microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are significant mechanisms responsible for secondary WMI following ICH. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, has been shown to exacerbate neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in microglia and astrocytes and exerts a vital role in microglia and astrocytes-mediated neuroinflammation. We speculate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is closely related to the polarization of microglia and astrocytes and that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may exacerbate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH, while NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition may attenuate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the anti-inflammatory phenotype following ICH. Therefore, NLRP3 inflammasome may act as leveraged regulatory fulcrums for microglia and astrocytes polarization to modulate WMI and WM repair after ICH. This review summarized the possible mechanisms by which neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates secondary WMI after ICH and discussed the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Zhang YX, Ou MY, Yang ZH, Sun Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Adipose tissue aging is regulated by an altered immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125395. [PMID: 36875140 PMCID: PMC9981968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Li J, Hu L, He L, Gao G, Kidd B, Walsh A, Jiang R, Wu C, Zhang K, Xie L. Osr1 Regulates Macrophage-mediated Liver Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:1117-1133. [PMID: 36581078 PMCID: PMC10036739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver macrophage-mediated inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Odd skipped-related 1 (Osr1) is a putative transcription factor previously reported to be involved in NASH progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The current study focused on the role of Osr1 in macrophage polarization and metabolism and its associated functions in the inflammation-induced pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS OSR1/Osr1 expression patterns were compared in normal and NASH patients and mouse livers. NASH was established and compared between hepatocyte-specific Osr1 knockout (Osr1ΔHep), macrophage-specific Osr1 knockout (Osr1ΔMφ), and wild-type (Osr1F) mice fed with 3 different chronic obesogenic diets and methionine choline-deficient diet. Using genetic and therapeutic strategies in vitro and in vivo, the downstream targets of Osr1 and the associated mechanisms in inflammation-induced NASH were established. RESULTS Osr1 was expressed in both hepatocytes and macrophages and exhibited different expression patterns in NASH. In NAFLD and NASH murine models, deleting Osr1 in myeloid cells (Osr1ΔMφ), but not hepatocytes, aggravated steatohepatitis with pronounced liver inflammation. Myeloid Osr1 deletion resulted in a polarization switch toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with reduced oxidative phosphorylation activity. These inflamed Osr1ΔMφ macrophages promoted steatosis and inflammation in hepatocytes via cytokine secretion. We identified 2 downstream transcriptional targets of Osr1, c-Myc, and PPARγ and established the Osr1-PPARγ cascade in macrophage polarization and liver inflammation by genetic study and rosiglitazone treatment in vivo. We tested a promising intervention strategy targeting Osr1-PPARγ by AAV8L-delivered Osr1 expression or rosiglitazone that significantly repressed NAFLD/NASH progression in Osr1F and Osr1ΔMφ mice. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid Osr1 mediates liver immune homeostasis and disrupting Osr1 aggravates the progression of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yi Zhou
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jiangyuan Li
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Linghao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Leya He
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Guannan Gao
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian Kidd
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexandra Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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Rayner MLD, Kellaway SC, Kingston I, Guillemot-Legris O, Gregory H, Healy J, Phillips JB. Exploring the Nerve Regenerative Capacity of Compounds with Differing Affinity for PPARγ In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010042. [PMID: 36611836 PMCID: PMC9818498 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to peripheral nerves can cause debilitating consequences for patients such as lifelong pain and disability. At present, no drug treatments are routinely given in the clinic following a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to improve regeneration and remyelination of damaged nerves. Appropriately targeted therapeutic agents have the potential to be used at different stages following nerve damage, e.g., to maintain Schwann cell viability, induce and sustain a repair phenotype to support axonal growth, or promote remyelination. The development of therapies to promote nerve regeneration is currently of high interest to researchers, however, translation to the clinic of drug therapies for PNI is still lacking. Studying the effect of PPARγ agonists for treatment of peripheral nerve injures has demonstrated significant benefits. Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has reproducibly demonstrated benefits in vitro and in vivo, suggested to be due to its agonist action on PPARγ. Other NSAIDs have demonstrated differing levels of PPARγ activation based upon their affinity. Therefore, it was of interest to determine whether affinity for PPARγ of selected drugs corresponded to an increase in regeneration. A 3D co-culture in vitro model identified some correlation between these two properties. However, when the drug treatments were screened in vivo, in a crush injury model in a rat sciatic nerve, the same correlation was not apparent. Further differences were observed between capacity to increase axon number and improvement in functional recovery. Despite there not being a clear correlation between affinity and size of effect on regeneration, all selected PPARγ agonists improved regeneration, providing a panel of compounds that could be explored for use in the treatment of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. D. Rayner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon C. Kellaway
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Isabel Kingston
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Holly Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Jess Healy
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - James B. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
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Lv M, He F, Guo J, Zheng Z, Wang W, Xie J. Identification of hub genes correlated with tumor-associated M1-like macrophage infiltration in soft tissue sarcomas. Front Genet 2022; 13:999966. [PMID: 36561315 PMCID: PMC9763622 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.999966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous series of tumors that might result in severe disability and death. Tumor-associated M1-like macrophage infiltration plays a critical role in tumor development and progression. This study aimed at identifying the hub genes associated with M1-like macrophage infiltration in STS cells. First, the expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were imported to calculate the level of M1-like macrophage infiltration by CIBERSORTx. Afterward, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between macrophage infiltration and prognosis. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction analysis of GEO data were applied to identify the key gene related to M1-like macrophage infiltration, followed by the functional analysis using TCGA cohort to validate downstream signaling associated with the gene. Finally, pan-cancer analysis was conducted to investigate the gene function in other types of tumors. We found LCK expression positively related to the M1-like macrophage infiltration level, and it positively regulated the expression level of genes regulated to macrophage polarization, and chemotaxis, including interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin-12 (IL12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), PI3K, NF-κB, and CXCL9, 10, and 11. In summary, an 'LCK-INF-γ/IL-12-TNF/PI3K-NF-κB' axis might exist in STS cells that regulate M1-like macrophage infiltration.
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Ni XX, Ji PX, Chen YX, Li XY, Sheng L, Lian M, Guo CJ, Hua J. Regulation of the macrophage-hepatic stellate cell interaction by targeting macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma to prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression in mice. Liver Int 2022; 42:2696-2712. [PMID: 36165186 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Macrophages display remarkable plasticity and can interact with surrounding cells to affect hepatic immunity and tissue remodelling during the progression of liver diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a critical role in macrophage maturation, polarization and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARγ in macrophage-hepatic stellate cell (HSC) interaction during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. METHODS Wild-type, Ppargfl/fl and PpargΔLyz2 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH. Depletion of macrophages was performed using an injection of gadolinium chloride intraperitoneally. PPARγ-overexpressing or PPARγ-knockout macrophages were stimulated with saturated fatty acid (SFA) and cocultured with HSCs in a conditioned medium or the transwell coculture system. RESULTS Depletion of macrophages inhibited HSC activation and ameliorated NASH progression in MCD diet-fed mice. Coculturing HSCs with macrophages or culturing HSCs in a macrophage-conditioned medium-facilitated HSC activation, and this effect was magnified when macrophages were metabolically activated by SFA. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages enhanced metabolic activation, promoting the migration and activation of HSCs through IL-1β and CCL2. In contrast, overexpression of PPARγ in macrophages obtained the opposite effects. In vivo, macrophage-specific PPARγ knockout affected the phenotype of hepatic macrophages and HSCs, involving the MAPK and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signalling pathways. Infiltrating hepatic monocyte-derived macrophages became the predominant macrophages in NASH liver, especially in PpargΔLyz2 mice, paralleling with aggravated inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Regulating macrophage PPARγ affected the metabolic activation of macrophages and their interaction with HSCs. Macrophage-specific PPARγ may be an attractive therapeutic target for protecting against NASH-associated inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xi Ni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xuan Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Jie Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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Aaron N, Zahr T, He Y, Yu L, Mayfield B, Pajvani UB, Qiang L. Acetylation of PPARγ in macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity. LIFE METABOLISM 2022; 1:258-269. [PMID: 37213714 PMCID: PMC10198133 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is driven by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. PPARγ is well established to have an anti-inflammatory function in macrophages, but the mechanism that regulates its function in these cells remains to be fully elucidated. PPARγ undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, to mediate ligand responses, including on metabolic functions. Here, we report that PPARγ acetylation in macrophages promotes their infiltration into adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation. We generated a mouse line that expresses a macrophage-specific, constitutive acetylation-mimetic form of PPARγ (K293Qflox/flox:LysM-cre, mK293Q) to dissect the role of PPARγ acetylation in macrophages. Upon high-fat diet feeding to stimulate macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, we assessed the overall metabolic profile and tissue-specific phenotype of the mutant mice, including responses to the PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone. Macrophage-specific PPARγ K293Q expression promotes proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in epididymal white adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue, leading to decreased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue function. Furthermore, mK293Q mice are resistant to Rosiglitazone-induced improvements in adipose tissue remodeling. Our study reveals that acetylation is a new layer of PPARγ regulation in macrophage activation, and highlights the importance and potential therapeutic implications of such PTMs in regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying He
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent Mayfield
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Utpal B. Pajvani
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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The Influence of the Ketogenic Diet on the Immune Tolerant Microenvironment in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225550. [PMID: 36428642 PMCID: PMC9688691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents an aggressive and immune-resistant cancer. Preclinical investigations have identified anti-tumor activity of a ketogenic diet (KD) potentially being used to target GBM's glycolytic phenotype. Since immune cells in the microenvironment have a similar reliance upon nutrients to perform their individual functions, we sought to determine if KD influenced the immune landscape of GBM. Consistent with previous publications, KD improved survival in GBM in an immune-competent murine model. Immunophenotyping of tumors identified KD-influenced macrophage polarization, with a paradoxical 50% increase in immune-suppressive M2-like-macrophages and a decrease in pro-inflammatory M1-like-macrophages. We recapitulated KD in vitro using a modified cell culture based on metabolomic profiling of serum in KD-fed mice, mechanistically linking the observed changes in macrophage polarization to PPARγ-activation. We hypothesized that parallel increases in M2-macrophage polarization tempered the therapeutic benefit of KD in GBM. To test this, we performed investigations combining KD with the CSF-1R inhibitor (BLZ945), which influences macrophage polarization. The combination demonstrated a striking improvement in survival and correlative studies confirmed BLZ945 normalized KD-induced changes in macrophage polarization. Overall, KD demonstrates antitumor activity in GBM; however, its efficacy is attenuated by promoting an immunosuppressive phenotype in macrophages. Combinatorial strategies designed to modulate macrophage polarization represent a rational approach to improve the anti-tumor activity of KD in GBM.
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111
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Rangarajan S, Orujyan D, Rangchaikul P, Radwan MM. Critical Role of Inflammation and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2829. [PMID: 36359349 PMCID: PMC9687471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on how the body resolves this inflammation is gaining traction and has shed light on new avenues for future management of cardiovascular diseases. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the recent development in the understanding of a new class of molecules called Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs), and the impact of such findings in the realm of cardiovascular treatment options. We searched the MEDLINE database restricting ourselves to original research articles as much as possible on the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the role of SPMs. We expect to see further research in translating these findings to bedside clinical trials in treating conditions with a pathophysiological basis of inflammation, such as coronary artery disease, asthma, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhapradha Rangarajan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Patrida Rangchaikul
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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112
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Wang S, Sun J, Dastgheyb RM, Li Z. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles modulate innate immune responses to affect tumor progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045624. [PMID: 36405712 PMCID: PMC9667034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are capable of influencing tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, one mechanism by which tumor modulate immune cells function is through extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are cell-derived extracellular membrane vesicles. EVs can act as mediators of intercellular communication and can deliver nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other signaling molecules between cells. In recent years, studies have found that EVs play a crucial role in the communication between tumor cells and immune cells. Innate immunity is the first-line response of the immune system against tumor progression. Therefore, tumor cell-derived EVs (TDEVs) which modulate the functional change of innate immune cells serve important functions in the context of tumor progression. Emerging evidence has shown that TDEVs dually enhance or suppress innate immunity through various pathways. This review aims to summarize the influence of TDEVs on macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. We also summarize their further effects on the progression of tumors, which may provide new ideas for developing novel tumor therapies targeting EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Raha M. Dastgheyb
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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113
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Bryant C, Webb A, Banks AS, Chandler D, Govindarajan R, Agrawal S. Alternatively Spliced Landscape of PPARγ mRNA in Podocytes Is Distinct from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213455. [PMID: 36359851 PMCID: PMC9653906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells, and their structural and functional integrity is compromised in a majority of glomerular and renal diseases, leading to proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. Traditional agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) and selective modulators (e.g., GQ-16) of peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) reduce proteinuria in animal models of glomerular disease and protect podocytes from injury via PPARγ activation. This indicates a pivotal role for PPARγ in maintaining glomerular function through preservation of podocytes distinct from its well-understood role in driving insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. While its transcriptional role in activating adipokines and adipogenic genes is well-established in adipose tissue, liver and muscle, understanding of podocyte PPARγ signaling remains limited. We performed a comprehensive analysis of PPARγ mRNA variants due to alternative splicing, in human podocytes and compared with adipose tissue. We found that podocytes express the ubiquitous PPARγ Var 1 (encoding γ1) and not Var2 (encoding γ2), which is mostly restricted to adipose tissue and liver. Additionally, we detected expression at very low level of Var4, and barely detectable levels of other variants, Var3, Var11, VartORF4 and Var9, in podocytes. Furthermore, a distinct podocyte vs. adipocyte PPAR-promoter-response-element containing gene expression, enrichment and pathway signature was observed, suggesting differential regulation by podocyte specific PPARγ1 variant, distinct from the adipocyte-specific γ2 variant. In summary, podocytes and glomeruli express several PPARγ variants, including Var1 (γ1) and excluding adipocyte-specific Var2 (γ2), which may have implications in podocyte specific signaling and pathophysiology. This suggests that that new selective PPARγ modulators can be potentially developed that will be able to distinguish between the two forms, γ1 and γ2, thus forming a basis of novel targeted therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexander S. Banks
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dawn Chandler
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Translational Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Correspondence:
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114
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Miyazaki H, Kinoshita M, Nakashima H, Nakamura S, Saitoh D. Pioglitazone Modifies Kupffer Cell Function and Protects against Escherichia coli-Induced Bacteremia in Burned Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12746. [PMID: 36361535 PMCID: PMC9657905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious complications and subsequent sepsis in severely burned patients lead to high morbidity and mortality in response to uncontrolled innate immune responses mediated by macrophages. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has anti-inflammatory activity and acts as a master regulator of macrophage polarization. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of a PPARγ agonist could modulate the Kupffer cell phenotype and thereby ameliorate the dysregulated innate response during post-burn bacterial infection. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to severe burns and randomized to receive either the PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, or the vehicle control five days after injury, followed by the subsequent analysis of hepatic macrophages. Survival from the bacterial infection was monitored for seven days. Pioglitazone protected burned mice against bacterial infection. A single treatment with pioglitazone significantly enhanced phagocytosis, phagosome acidification, bacterial clearance, and reduction in inflammatory mediators in Kupffer cells. In conclusion, PPARγ activation by pioglitazone prevents clinical deterioration due to post-burn bacterial infection and improves survival. Our findings suggest that pioglitazone may be an effective therapeutic candidate for post-burn infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miyazaki
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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115
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Yao D, Zou Y, Lv Y. Maresin 1 enhances osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells by modulating macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-mediated inflammation resolution. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213116. [PMID: 36115155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation resolution plays a significant role in attenuating bone injury aggravated by acute inflammation and maintaining bone homeostasis. Maresin 1 (MaR1), a specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), is biosynthesised in macrophages (Mφs) that regulates acute inflammation. Strategies to accelerate the resolution of inflammation in bone repair include not only promoting vanish of acute inflammation, also improving osteogenic microenvironment. Here, previously prepared difunctional demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold was used to study thoroughly the "cross-talk" between Mφs lipid metabolism and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) behaviors in vitro. The pro-resolving mechanism in Mφs treated with MaR1 was elaborated. Furthermore, the biological behaviors of MSCs in co-culture system were evaluated. The results indicated that MaR1 had an enhanced capability and performance in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation, M2-type Mφs polarization, and lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis in Mφs in vitro. The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ enhanced the anti-inflammatory proteins expression and the polarization of Mφs toward M2 subtype, thereby favoring the proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of MSCs. Overall, the results verified that MaR1 facilitated MSCs behaviors by regulating PPAR-γ-mediated inflammatory response, which implied that PPAR-γ exhibited a significant role in the dialogue between MSCs behaviors and Mφs lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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116
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Wang J, Kang Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Liu J. Identification of immune cell infiltration and diagnostic biomarkers in unstable atherosclerotic plaques by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956078. [PMID: 36211422 PMCID: PMC9537477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The decreased stability of atherosclerotic plaques increases the risk of ischemic stroke. However, the specific characteristics of dysregulated immune cells and effective diagnostic biomarkers associated with stability in atherosclerotic plaques are poorly characterized. This research aims to investigate the role of immune cells and explore diagnostic biomarkers in the formation of unstable plaques for the sake of gaining new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and providing new perspectives for disease detection and therapy. Method Using the CIBERSORT method, 22 types of immune cells between stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques from RNA-sequencing and microarray data in the public GEO database were quantitated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further calculated and were analyzed for enrichment of GO Biological Process and KEGG pathways. Important cell types and hub genes were screened using machine learning methods including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest. Single-cell RNA sequencing and clinical samples were further used to validate critical cell types and hub genes. Finally, the DGIdb database of gene–drug interaction data was utilized to find possible therapeutic medicines and show how pharmaceuticals, genes, and immune cells interacted. Results A significant difference in immune cell infiltration was observed between unstable and stable plaques. The proportions of M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were significantly higher and that of CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly lower in unstable plaques than that in stable plaques. With respect to DEGs, antigen presentation genes (CD74, B2M, and HLA-DRA), inflammation-related genes (MMP9, CTSL, and IFI30), and fatty acid-binding proteins (CD36 and APOE) were elevated in unstable plaques, while the expression of smooth muscle contraction genes (TAGLN, ACAT2, MYH10, and MYH11) was decreased in unstable plaques. M1 macrophages had the highest instability score and contributed to atherosclerotic plaque instability. CD68, PAM, and IGFBP6 genes were identified as the effective diagnostic markers of unstable plaques, which were validated by validation datasets and clinical samples. In addition, insulin, nivolumab, indomethacin, and α-mangostin were predicted to be potential therapeutic agents for unstable plaques. Conclusion M1 macrophages is an important cause of unstable plaque formation, and CD68, PAM, and IGFBP6 could be used as diagnostic markers to identify unstable plaques effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Navy 905th Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifu Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Liu, ; Yang Liu, ; Zifu Li,
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117
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophages as a therapeutic target to promote diabetic wound healing. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2891-2908. [PMID: 35918892 PMCID: PMC9482022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that macrophages are key regulators of wound healing, displaying impressive plasticity and an evolving phenotype, from an aggressive pro-inflammatory or "M1" phenotype to a pro-healing or "M2" phenotype, depending on the wound healing stage, to ensure proper healing. Because dysregulated macrophage responses have been linked to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, macrophages are being considered as a therapeutic target for improved wound healing. In this review, we first discuss the role of macrophages in a normal skin wound healing process and discuss the aberrations that occur in macrophages under diabetic conditions. Next we provide an overview of recent macrophage-based therapeutic approaches, including delivery of ex-vivo-activated macrophages and delivery of pharmacological strategies aimed at eliminating or re-educating local skin macrophages. In particular, we focus on strategies to silence key regulator genes to repolarize wound macrophages to the M2 phenotype, and we provide a discussion of their potential future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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118
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Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
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119
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Stevenson ER, Wilkinson ML, Abramova E, Guo C, Gow AJ. Intratracheal Administration of Acyl Coenzyme A Acyltransferase-1 Inhibitor K-604 Reduces Pulmonary Inflammation Following Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:356-365. [PMID: 35970601 PMCID: PMC9426763 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by epithelial damage, barrier dysfunction, and pulmonary edema. Macrophage activation and failure to resolve play a role in ALI; thus, macrophage phenotype modulation is a rational target for therapeutic intervention. Large, lipid-laden macrophages have been observed in various injury models, including intratracheal bleomycin (ITB), suggesting that lipid storage may play a role in ALI severity. The endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzyme acyl coenzyme A acyltransferase-1 (Acat-1/Soat1) is highly expressed in macrophages, where it catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol, leading to intracellular lipid accumulation. We hypothesize that inhibition of Acat-1 will reduce macrophage activation and improve outcomes of lung injury in ITB. K-604, a selective inhibitor of Acat-1, was used to reduce cholesterol esterification and hence lipid accumulation in response to ITB. Male and female C57BL6/J mice (n = 16-21/group) were administered control, control + K-604, ITB, or ITB + K-604 on d0, control or K-604 on d3, and were sacrificed on day 7. ITB caused significant body weight loss and an increase in cholesterol accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. These changes were mitigated by Acat-1 inhibition. K-604 also significantly reduced ITB-induced alveolar thickening. Surfactant composition was normalized as indicated by a significant decrease in phospholipid: SP-B ratio in ITB+K-604 compared with ITB. K-604 administration preserved mature alveolar macrophages, decreased activation in response to ITB, and decreased the percentage mature and pro-fibrotic interstitial macrophages. These results show that inhibition of Acat-1 in the lung is associated with reduced inflammatory response to ITB-mediated lung injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acyl coenzyme A acyltransferase-1 (Acat-1) is critical to lipid droplet formation, and thus inhibition of Acat-1 presents as a pharmacological target. Intratracheal administration of K-604, an Acat-1 inhibitor, reduces intracellular cholesterol ester accumulation in lung macrophages, attenuates inflammation and macrophage activation, and normalizes mediators of surface-active function after intratracheal bleomycin administration in a rodent model. The data presented within suggest that inhibition of Acat-1 in the lung improves acute lung injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Stevenson
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Melissa L Wilkinson
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Elena Abramova
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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120
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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121
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Mahung C, Wallet SM, Jacobs JE, Zhou LY, Zhou H, Cairns BA, Maile R. Multiplexed Human Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Central Role of the TLR/mTOR/PPARγ and NFkB Axes in Burn and Inhalation Injury-Induced Changes in Systemic Immunometabolism and Long-Term Patient Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9418. [PMID: 36012680 PMCID: PMC9409318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn patients are subject to significant acute immune and metabolic dysfunction. Concomitant inhalation injury increases mortality by 20%. In order to identify specific immune and metabolic signaling pathways in burn (B), inhalation (I), and combined burn-inhalation (BI) injury, unbiased nanoString multiplex technology was used to investigate gene expression within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from burn patients, with and without inhalation injury. PBMCs were collected from 36 injured patients and 12 healthy, non-burned controls within 72 h of injury. mRNA was isolated and hybridized with probes for 1342 genes related to general immunology and cellular metabolism. From these specific gene patterns, specific cellular perturbations and signaling pathways were inferred using robust bioinformatic tools. In both B and BI injuries, elements of mTOR, PPARγ, TLR, and NF-kB signaling pathways were significantly altered within PBMC after injury compared to PBMC from the healthy control group. Using linear regression modeling, (1) DEPTOR, LAMTOR5, PPARγ, and RPTOR significantly correlated with patient BMI; (2) RPTOR significantly correlated with patient length of stay, and (3) MRC1 significantly correlated with the eventual risk of patient mortality. Identification of mediators of this immunometabolic response that can act as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets could ultimately aid the management of burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cressida Mahung
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jordan E. Jacobs
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Laura Y. Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bruce A. Cairns
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 8031 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 8031 Burnett Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Inflammation-mediated matrix remodeling of extracellular matrix-mimicking biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:106-117. [PMID: 35970482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials are considered effective tissue-engineered scaffolds for regenerative medicine because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. ECM-mimicking biomaterials preserve natural microstructures and matrix-related bioactive components and undergo continuous matrix remodeling upon transplantation. The interaction between host immune cells and transplanted ECM-mimicking biomaterials has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Transplantation of biomaterials may initiate injuries and early pro-inflammation reactions characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages. Pro-inflammation reactions may lead to degradation of the transplanted biomaterial and drive the matrix into a fetal-like state. ECM degradation leads to the release of matrix-related bioactive components that act as signals for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In late stages, pro-inflammatory cells fade away, and anti-inflammatory cells emerge, which involves macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and leukocyte activation to T helper 2 (Th2) cells. These anti-inflammatory cells interact with each other to facilitate matrix deposition and tissue reconstruction. Deposited ECM molecules serve as vital components of the mature tissue and influence tissue homeostasis. However, dysregulation of matrix remodeling results in several pathological conditions, such as aggressive inflammation, difficult healing, and non-functional fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of inflammatory responses in matrix remodeling after transplantation of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Additionally, we discuss the intrinsic linkages between matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials are effectively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, dysregulation of matrix remodeling can cause various pathological conditions. Here, the review describes the characteristics of inflammatory responses in matrix remodeling after transplantation of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Additionally, we discuss the intrinsic linkages between matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration. We believe that understanding host immune responses to matrix remodeling of transplanted biomaterials is important for directing effective tissue regeneration of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Considering the close relationship between immune response and matrix remodeling results, we highlight the need for studies of the effects of clinical characteristics on matrix remodeling of transplanted biomaterials.
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Xu H, She P, Ma B, Zhao Z, Li G, Wang Y. ROS responsive nanoparticles loaded with lipid-specific AIEgen for atherosclerosis-targeted diagnosis and bifunctional therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121734. [PMID: 35999079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is triggered by endothelial damage, progressive local inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation, is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in recent years. Drug delivery systems have shown great potential for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of early atherosclerosis, but are accompanied by disadvantages such as poor stability, lack of active targeting and non-specific recognition capabilities, which still need to be further developed. In our work, a multifunctional nanoparticle (LFP/PCDPD) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive drug release, lipid removal, and lipid-specific AIE fluorescence imaging was constructed. Cyclodextrin structure with lipid removal function and PMEMA blocks with ROS-response-mediated hydrophobic to hydrophilic conversion were simultaneously introduced into the structure of LFP/PCDPD to load the anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone (Pred) and lipid-specific AIEgen (LFP). The active targeting function of LFP/PCDPD was conferred by the high affinity of dextran to the vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and CD44 receptor on the surface of broken endothelial cells. After intravenous injection into ApoE-/- mice, LFP/PCDPD actively enriched in the microenvironment of local ROS overexpression and rich lipids in atherosclerosis. Pred and LFP were released while lipids were removed, thus enabling proactive targeting of atherosclerosis and efficient "two-pronged" treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Peiyi She
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Meng H, Ruan J, Yan Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Li X, Meng F. New Progress in Early Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168939. [PMID: 36012202 PMCID: PMC9409135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a potentially chronic circulatory condition that endangers human health. The biological cause underpinning cardiovascular disease is coronary atherosclerosis, and acute cardiovascular events can develop due to thrombosis, platelet aggregation, and unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Coronary atherosclerosis is progressive, and three specific changes appear, with fat spots and stripes, atherosclerosis and thin-walled fiber atherosclerosis, and then complex changes in arteries. The progression and severity of cardiovascular disease are correlated with various levels of calcium accumulation in the coronary artery. The therapy and diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis benefit from the initial assessment of the size and degree of calcification. This article will discuss the new progress in the early diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis in terms of three aspects: imaging, gene and protein markers, and trace elements. This study intends to present the latest methods for diagnosing patients with early atherosclerosis through a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Meng
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jianjun Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zhaohan Yan
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Molecular Biology Research Center for Precision Medicine of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15948346855
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Kawai K, Vozenilek AE, Kawakami R, Sato Y, Ghosh SKB, Virmani R, Finn AV. Understanding the role of alternative macrophage phenotypes in human atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:689-705. [PMID: 35942866 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis-based ischemic heart disease is still the primary cause of death throughout the world. Over the past decades there has been no significant changes in the therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis, which are mainly based on lipid lowering therapies and management of comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. The involvement of macrophages in atherosclerosis has been recognized for decades. More recently, a more detailed and sophisticated understanding of their various phenotypes and roles in the atherosclerotic process has been recognized. This new data is revealing how specific subtypes of macrophage-induced inflammation may have distinct effects on atherosclerosis progression and may provide new approaches for treatment, based upon targeting of specific macrophage subtypes. AREAS COVERED We will comprehensively review the spectrum of macrophage phenotypes and how they contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. EXPERT OPINION Various signals derived from atherosclerotic lesions drive macrophages into complex subsets with different gene expression profiles, phenotypes, and functions, not all of which are understood. Macrophage phenotypes include those that enhance, heal, and regress the atherosclerotic lesions though various mechanisms. Targeting of specific macrophage phenotypes may provide a promising and novel approach to prevent atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aimee E Vozenilek
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shah PT, Tufail M, Wu C, Xing L. THP-1 cell line model for tuberculosis: A platform for in vitro macrophage manipulation. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102243. [PMID: 35963145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are large mononuclear phagocytic cells that play a vital role in the immune response. They are present in all body tissues with extremely heterogeneous and plastic phenotypes that adapt to the organs and tissues in which they live and respond in the first-line against invading microorganisms. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is among the top 10 global infectious agents and the leading cause of mortality, ranking above human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as a single infectious agent. Macrophages, upon Mtb infection, not only phagocytose the bacteria and present the antigens to T-cells, but also react rapidly by developing antimycobacterial immune response depending highly on the production of cytokines. However, Mtb is also capable of intracellular survival in instances of sub-optimal activation of macrophages. Hence, several systems have been established to evaluate the Mtb-macrophage interaction, where the THP-1 monocytes have been developed as an attractive model for in vitro polarized monocyte-derived macrophages. This model is extensively used for Mtb as well as other intracellular bacterial studies. Herein, we have summarized the updated implications of the THP-1 model for TB-related studies and discussed the pros and cons compared to other cell models of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China; The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China; The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Hall HR, Mahung C, Dunn JLM, Kartchner LM, Seim RF, Cairns BA, Wallet SM, Maile R. Characterization of the Basal and mTOR-Dependent Acute Pulmonary and Systemic Immune Response in a Murine Model of Combined Burn and Inhalation Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8779. [PMID: 35955914 PMCID: PMC9368856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn injury leads to a cascade of local and systemic immune responses that trigger an extreme state of immune dysfunction, leaving the patient highly susceptible to acute and chronic infection. When combined with inhalation injury, burn patients have higher mortality and a greater chance of developing secondary respiratory complications including infection. No animal model of combined burn and inhalation injury (B+I) exists that accurately mirrors the human clinical picture, nor are there any effective immunotherapies or predictive models of the risk of immune dysfunction. Our earlier work showed that the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is activated early after burn injury, and its chemical blockade at injury reduced subsequent chronic bacterial susceptibility. It is unclear if mTOR plays a role in the exacerbated immune dysfunction seen after B+I injury. We aimed to: (1) characterize a novel murine model of B+I injury, and (2) investigate the role of mTOR in the immune response after B+I injury. Pulmonary and systemic immune responses to B+I were characterized in the absence or presence of mTOR inhibition at the time of injury. Data describe a murine model of B+I with inhalation-specific immune phenotypes and implicate mTOR in the acute immune dysfunction observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cressida Mahung
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julia L. M. Dunn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laurel M. Kartchner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roland F. Seim
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bruce A. Cairns
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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Nitrooleic acid inhibits macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide from Prevotella intermedia. Nutr Res 2022; 106:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alhowail A, Alsikhan R, Alsaud M, Aldubayan M, Rabbani SI. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone on Cognitive Impairment and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2919-2931. [PMID: 36068789 PMCID: PMC9441149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmad Alhowail, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +9665672025858, Email
| | - Rawan Alsikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sanjay, Shin JH, Park M, Lee HJ. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Regulates the M1/M2 Polarization of Microglia via PPARγ and Aβ42 Phagocytosis Through TREM2 in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5135-5148. [PMID: 35670898 PMCID: PMC9363298 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglial polarization plays an essential role in the progression and regression of neurodegenerative disorders. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a dietary anthocyanin found in many fruits and vegetables, has been reported as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent. However, there have been no reports on whether C3G can regulate the M1/M2 shift in an Alzheimer's disease model. We attempted to investigate the effects of C3G on M1/M2 polarization and the mechanism to regulate anti-inflammation and phagocytosis, both in vitro and in vivo. HMC3 cells were treated with β-amyloid (Aβ42) in the presence or absence of 50 μM C3G for different time intervals, and APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were orally administered 30 mg/kg/day of C3G for 38 weeks. The in vitro data revealed that C3G could shift the M1 phenotype of microglia to M2 by reducing the expression of M1-specific markers (CD86 and CD80), inflammatory cytokines (IL-Iβ, IL-6, TNF-α), reactive oxygen species, and enhancing the expression of M2-specific markers (CD206 and CD163). The APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice results were consistent with the in vitro data, indicating a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines and higher expression of M2-specific markers such as CD206 and Arg1 in C3G-treated Alzheimer's disease model mice. Additionally, C3G was found to upregulate PPARγ expression levels both in vitro and in vivo, whereas a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) was found to block C3G-mediated effects in vitro. In this study, we confirmed that C3G could regulate microglial polarization by activating PPARγ and eliminating accumulated β-amyloid by enhancing Aβ42 phagocytosis through the upregulation of TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Baumann A, Burger K, Brandt A, Staltner R, Jung F, Rajcic D, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, Bergheim I. GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, attenuates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 133:155233. [PMID: 35654114 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is among the key risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, it has been reported that GW9662, shown to be a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, may improve insulin sensitivity in settings of type 2 diabetes. Here, we determined the effects of GW9662 on the development of NAFLD and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed either a liquid control diet (C) or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) for 8 weeks while either being treated with GW9662 (1 mg/kg body weight; C+GW9662 and FFC+GW9662) or vehicle (C and FFC) i.p. three times weekly. Indices of liver damage and inflammation, parameters of glucose metabolism and portal endotoxin levels were determined. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were treated with 10 μM GW9662. RESULTS Despite similar caloric intake the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance were significantly attenuated in FFC+GW9662-treated mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Bacterial endotoxin levels in portal plasma were almost similarly increased in both FFC-fed groups while expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) as well as nitrite (NO2-) concentration in liver were significantly higher in FFC-fed mice than in FFC+GW9662-treated animals. In J774A.1 cells, treatment with GW9662 significantly attenuated LPS-induced expression of Il1b, interleukin 6 (Il6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) as well as NO2- formation. CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggest that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 attenuates the development of a diet-induced NAFLD and that this is associated with a protection against the activation of the TLR4 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Liu H, Zang C, Shang J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Yang H, Sheng C, Yuan F, Ju C, Li F, Yu Y, Yao X, Bao X, Zhang D. <em>Gardenia jasminoides</em> J. Ellis extract GJ-4 attenuates hyperlipidemic vascular dementia in rats via regulating PPAR-γ-mediated microglial polarization. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8101. [PMID: 35950104 PMCID: PMC9338452 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GJ-4 is extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) with crocin composition and has been demonstrated to improve memory deficits in several dementia models in our previous studies. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GJ-4 on hyperlipidemic vascular dementia (VD) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Design In the current study, we employed a chronic hyperlipidemic VD rat model by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-VO) based on high-fat diet (HFD), which is an ideal model to mimic the clinical pathogenesis of human VD. Results Our results showed that GJ-4 could significantly reduce serum lipids level and improve cerebral blood flow in hyperlipidemic VD rats. Additionally, treatment with GJ-4 remarkedly ameliorated memory impairment and alleviated neuronal injury. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the neuroprotective effects of GJ-4 might be attributed to the inhibition of microglia-mediated neuro-inflammation via regulating the M1/M2 polarization. Our data further illustrated that GJ-4 could regulate the phenotype of microglia through activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and subsequently inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) expression. Conclusion Our results implied that GJ-4 might be a promising drug to improve VD through the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization and the subsequent inhibition of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiuqi Bao and Dan Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050 China ;
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiuqi Bao and Dan Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050 China ;
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Nascimento MT, Cordeiro RSO, Abreu C, Santos CP, Peixoto F, Duarte GA, Cardoso T, de Oliveira CI, Carvalho E, Carvalho LP. Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering in Leishmania braziliensis Killing by Monocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:884237. [PMID: 35909958 PMCID: PMC9329526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.884237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania braziliensis infection have an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. An increase in the rate of patients who fail therapy with pentavalent antimony has been documented. An adjuvant therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug with the potential of Leishmania killing would benefit CL patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation by pioglitazone in the regulation of the inflammatory response and L. braziliensis killing by monocytes. Pioglitazone is an oral drug used in the treatment of diabetes, and its main mechanism of action is through the activation of PPAR-γ, which is expressed in many cell types of the immune response. We found that activation of PPAR-γ by pioglitazone decreases the inflammatory response in CL patients without affecting L. braziliensis killing by monocytes. Our data suggest that pioglitazone may serve as an adjunctive treatment for CL caused by L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício T. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ravena S. O. Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cayo Abreu
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camila P. Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fábio Peixoto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. Duarte
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cardoso
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camila I. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Ministério de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Ministério de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Ministério de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Hypothermia Protects against Ischemic Stroke through Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated-Receptor Gamma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6029445. [PMID: 35873794 PMCID: PMC9303492 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6029445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a global public health burden and requires novel strategies. Hypothermia plays a beneficial role in central nervous system diseases. However, the role of hypothermia in IS has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined the role of hypothermia in IS and explored its underlying mechanisms. The IS phenotype was detected based on infarct size, infarct volume, and brain edema in mice. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by the activation of microglial cells and the expression of inflammatory genes after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Neuronal cell apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 expressions, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were detected after I/R and OGD/R. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability was calculated based on Evans blue extravasation, tight junction protein expression, cell viability, and LDH release after I/R and OGD/R. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was assessed after OGD/R. Our results suggested that hypothermia significantly reduced infarct size, brain edema, and neuroinflammation after I/R. Hypothermia increased PPARγ expression in microglial cells after OGD/R. Mechanistic studies revealed that hypothermia was a protectant against IS, including attenuated apoptosis of neuronal cells and BBB disruption after I/R and OGD/R, by upregulating PPARγ expression. The hypothermic effect was reversed by GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Our data showed that hypothermia may reduce microglial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by upregulating PPARγ expression in microglial cells. Targeting hypothermia may be a feasible approach for IS treatment.
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Yang M, Xiong J, Zou Q, Wang X, Hu K, Zhao Q. Sinapic Acid Attenuated Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization Through the PPARγ Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915903. [PMID: 35898278 PMCID: PMC9309384 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage polarization is an important regulatory mechanism of ventricular remodeling. Studies have shown that sinapic acid (SA) exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of SA on macrophages is still unclear. Objectives The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of SA in macrophage polarization and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods An MI model was established by ligating the left coronary artery. The rats with MI were treated with SA for 1 or 4 weeks after MI. The effect of SA on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was also observed in vitro. Results Cardiac systolic dysfunction was significantly improved after SA treatment. SA reduced MCP-1 and CCR2 expression and macrophage infiltration. SA decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and iNOS and increased the levels of the M2 macrophage markers CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, Ym-1, Fizz-1, and TGF-β at 1 week after MI. SA significantly increased CD68+/CD206+ macrophage infiltration. Myocardial interstitial fibrosis and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were decreased, and the sympathetic nerve marker TH and nerve sprouting marker GAP43 were suppressed after SA treatment at 4 weeks after MI. The PPARγ level was notably upregulated after SA treatment. In vitro, SA also increased the expression of PPARγ mRNA in BMDMs and IL-4-treated BMDMs in a concentration-dependent manner. SA enhanced Arg1 and IL-10 expression in BMDMs, and the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 attenuated M2 macrophage marker expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that SA attenuated structural and neural remodeling by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via PPARγ activation after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyan Zhao
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Ke Hu
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137
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Inhibitory role of Annexin A1 in pathological bone resorption and therapeutic implications in periprosthetic osteolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3919. [PMID: 35798730 PMCID: PMC9262976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no therapy available for periprosthetic osteolysis, the most common cause of arthroplasty failure. Here, the role of AnxA1 in periprosthetic osteolysis and potential therapeutics were investigated. Reducing the expression of AnxA1 in calvarial tissue was found to be associated with increased osteolytic lesions and the osteolytic lesions induced by debris implantation were more severe in AnxA1-defecient mice than in wild-type mice. AnxA1 inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts through suppressing NFκB signaling and promoting the PPAR-γ pathway. Administration of N-terminal-AnxA1 (Ac2-26 peptide) onto calvariae significantly reduced osteolytic lesions triggered by wear debris. These therapeutic effects were abrogated in mice that had received the PPAR-γ antagonist, suggesting that the AnxA1/PPAR-γ axis has an inhibitory role in osteolysis. The administration of Ac2–26 suppressed osteolysis induced by TNF-α and RANKL injections in mice. These findings indicate that AnxA1 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis. Periprosthetic osteolysis is a cause of arthroplasty failure without available therapies. Here the authors show that Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is involved in in periprosthetic osteolysis and exerts potential therapeutic effects through suppressing NFκB signaling and promoting the PPAR-γ pathway resulting in inhibition of inflammation and osteoclasts differentiation induced by wear debris.
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138
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Leme KC, Neri GM, Biscaro GG, Bulgareli AA, Duran N, Parisi MCR, Luzo ÂCM. Full Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing and Pain Relief Based on Platelet-Rich-Plasma gel Formulation Treatment and the Involved Pathways. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221109758. [PMID: 35786036 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is a severe Diabetic Mellitus-associated complication. It is induced by poor glycemic control, which leads to peripheral neuropathy and vascular diseases. Platelet-rich plasma could be beneficial for healing processes due to its active biomolecules that promotes immunomodulation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissia Caroline Leme
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Neri
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gaspar Biscaro
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andreia Afaz Bulgareli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Nelson Duran
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), 425753Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Cristina Malheiros Luzo
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Hong K, Muralimanoharan S, Kwak YT, Mendelson CR. NRF2 Serves a Critical Role in Regulation of Immune Checkpoint Proteins (ICPs) During Trophoblast Differentiation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac070. [PMID: 35596653 PMCID: PMC9197021 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using cultured human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), mid-gestation human trophoblasts in primary culture, and gene-targeted mice, we tested the hypothesis that the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) serves a critical role in pregnancy maintenance through production of key immune modulators/checkpoint proteins (ICPs) under control of the O2-regulated transcription factor, NRF2/NFE2L2. These ICPs potentially act at the maternal-fetal interface to protect the hemiallogeneic fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. Using cultured hTSCs, we observed that several ICPs involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance were markedly upregulated during differentiation of cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to SynT. These included HMOX1, kynurenine receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PD-L1, and GDF15. Intriguingly, NRF2, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ were markedly induced when CytTs fused to form SynT in a 20% O2 environment. Notably, when hTSCs were cultured in a hypoxic (2% O2) environment, SynT fusion and the differentiation-associated induction of NRF2, C/EBPβ, aromatase (CYP19A1; SynT differentiation marker), and ICPs were blocked. NRF2 knockdown also prevented induction of aromatase, C/EBPβ and the previously mentioned ICPs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed that temporal induction of the ICPs in hTSCs and mid-gestation human trophoblasts cultured in 20% O2 was associated with increased binding of endogenous NRF2 to putative response elements within their promoters. Moreover, placentas of 12.5 days postcoitum mice with a global Nrf2 knockout manifested decreased mRNA expression of C/ebpβ, Pparγ, Hmox1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and Nqo1, another direct downstream target of Nrf2, compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, these compelling findings suggest that O2-regulated NRF2 serves as a key regulator of ICP expression during SynT differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | | | - Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8511, USA
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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Targeting fibrosis, mechanisms and cilinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:206. [PMID: 35773269 PMCID: PMC9247101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response. Multiple organs can develop fibrosis, including the liver, kidney, heart, and lung. Fibrosis such as liver cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis caused substantial disease burden. Persistent abnormal activation of myofibroblasts mediated by various signals, such as transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growh factor, has been recongized as a major event in the occurrence and progression of fibrosis. Although the mechanisms driving organ-specific fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, drugs targeting these identified aberrant signals have achieved potent anti-fibrotic efficacy in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly introduce the aetiology and epidemiology of several fibrosis diseases, including liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Then, we summarise the abnormal cells (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts) and their interactions in fibrosis. In addition, we also focus on the aberrant signaling pathways and therapeutic targets that regulate myofibroblast activation, extracellular matrix cross-linking, metabolism, and inflammation in fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the anti-fibrotic drugs based on their targets and clinical trials. This review provides reference for further research on fibrosis mechanism, drug development, and clinical trials.
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Im S, Kim H, Jeong M, Yang H, Hong JY. Integrative understanding of immune-metabolic interaction. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35651325 PMCID: PMC9252895 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.6.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the immune system plays a critical role in various physiological processes beyond its classical pathogen control activity. Even under a sterile condition, various cells and tissues can utilize the immune system to meet a specific demand for proper physiological functions. Particularly, a strong link between immunity and metabolism has been identified. Studies have identified the reciprocal regulation between these two systems. For example, immune signals can regulate metabolism, and metabolism (cellular or systemic) can regulate immunity. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on this reciprocal regulation between immunity and metabolism, and discuss potential biological rules behind this interaction with integrative perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Im
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hawon Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myunghyun Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeon Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, Zheng C. The Roles of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908749. [PMID: 35757707 PMCID: PMC9222901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a population of immune cells functioning in antigen presentation and inflammatory response. Research has demonstrated that macrophages belong to a cell lineage with strong plasticity and heterogeneity and can be polarized into different phenotypes under different microenvironments or stimuli. Many macrophages can be recruited by various cytokines secreted by adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages further secrete various inflammatory factors to act on adipocytes, and the interaction between the two leads to chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are closely related to metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Here, we will not only conclude the current progress of factors affecting the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages but also elucidate the relationship between ATMs and human diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight its potential in preventing and treating metabolic diseases as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Classic Signaling Pathways in Alveolar Injury and Repair Involved in Sepsis-Induced ALI/ARDS: New Research Progress and Prospect. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6362344. [PMID: 35726235 PMCID: PMC9206211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6362344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a common critical clinical disease with high mortality that can cause approximately 10 million deaths worldwide each year. Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical complication of sepsis, which occurs primarily as diffuse alveolar injury, hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. The mortality rate of ALI/ARDS is as high as 30%-40%, which greatly endangers human health. Due to the unclear pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, its treatment is still a worldwide problem. At present, clinical treatment mainly relies on lung-protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and fluid management. However, there is a lack of effective and specific treatment measures. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have committed to basic research on ALI/ARDS, trying to further clarify its pathogenesis and find new targets and methods for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways related to alveolar injury and repair in sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS and their latest research progress. They include the NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mTOR, and Notch signaling pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these signaling pathways in sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS may provide new targets and ideas for the clinical treatment of this disease.
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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Song L, Zhang J, Ma D, Fan Y, Lai R, Tian W, Zhang Z, Ju J, Xu H. A Bibliometric and Knowledge-Map Analysis of Macrophage Polarization in Atherosclerosis From 2001 to 2021. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910444. [PMID: 35795675 PMCID: PMC9250973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis have become an intense area of research. However, there are few bibliometric analyses regarding this area. In this review, we used CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software to perform text mining and knowledge-map analysis. We explored the development process, knowledge structure, research hotspots, and potential trends using a bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis to provide researchers with a macroscopic view of this field. The studies concerning macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 781 studies were identified and published by 954 institutions from 51 countries/regions. The number of studies of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis increased over time. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology published the highest number of articles and was the top co-cited journal. De Winther was the most prolific researcher, and Moore had the most co-citations. The author co-occurrence map illustrated that there was active cooperation among researchers. The most productive countries were the United States and China. Amsterdam University, Harvard University, and Maastricht University were the top three productive institutions in the research field. Keyword Co-occurrence, Clusters, and Burst analysis showed that “inflammation,” “monocyte,” “NF kappa B,” “mechanism,” and “foam cell” appeared with the highest frequency in studies. “Oxidative stress,” “coronary heart disease,” and “prevention” were the strongest citation burst keywords from 2019 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Xu,
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Chen J, Huang XR, Yang F, Yiu WH, Yu X, Tang SCW, Lan HY. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Identified Novel Nr4a1 + Ear2 + Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype under Myeloid-TLR4 Dependent Regulation in Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (cGN). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200668. [PMID: 35484716 PMCID: PMC9218767 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, this study demonstrates the critical role of myeloid specific TLR4 in macrophage-mediated progressive renal injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), pseudotime trajectories reconstruction, and motif enrichment analysis are used, and macrophage diversity in anti-GBM cGN under tight regulation of myeloid-TLR4 is uncovered. Most significantly, a myeloid-TLR4 deletion-induced novel reparative macrophage phenotype (Nr4a1+ Ear2+) with significant upregulated anti-inflammatory and tissue repair-related signaling is discovered, thereby suppressing the M1 proinflammatory responses in anti-GBM cGN. This is further demonstrated in vitro that deletion of TLR4 from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induces the Nr4a1/Ear2-expressing anti-inflammatory macrophages while blocking LPS-stimulated M1 proinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, activation of the Nr4a1/Ear2-axis is recognized as a key mechanism through which deletion of myeloid-TLR4 promotes the anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation in vivo and in vitro. This is confirmed by specifically silencing macrophage Nr4a1 or Ear2 to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects on TLR4 deficient BMDMs upon LPS stimulation. In conclusion, the findings decode a previously unidentified role for a myeloid-TLR4 dependent Nr4a1/Ear2 negative feedback mechanism in macrophage-mediated progressive renal injury, implying that activation of Nr4a1-Ear2 axis can be a novel and effective immunotherapy for anti-GBM cGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyi Chen
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Fuye Yang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang31009P. R. China
| | - Wai Han Yiu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Sydney C. W. Tang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesand Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong‐Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
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de Sousa Neto IV, Durigan JLQ, da Silva ASR, de Cássia Marqueti R. Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Response to Dietary Patterns and Exercise: Molecular Landscape, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050765. [PMID: 35625493 PMCID: PMC9138682 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipose tissue is considered a metabolic organ that adjusts overall energy homeostasis and critical hormones to the body’s needs. In conditions of caloric intake surpassing energy expenditure, lipid accumulation occurs with constant extracellular matrix deposition. Excess lipids and adipocyte hypertrophy may reduce extracellular matrix flexibility in conjunction with hypoxia and inflammation. These processes induce the development of adipose tissue fibrosis and correlated metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance. With the increasing rate of chronic diseases worldwide, it is essential to generate a more precise knowledge of fibrotic processes, as well as to create optimal models to study potential therapies to combat the harmful effects of extracellular matrix deposition. In this work, we focused on the physiological processes in the remodeling of adipose tissue fibrosis, along with their relevance to clinical indications. Furthermore, we emphasize understanding how lifestyle can alleviate adipocyte dysfunction. Several studies showed that a nutritionally balanced diet combined with exercise is a remarkable potential strategy for lipolytic activity, preventing rapid extracellular matrix expansion in parallel with insulin and glucose action improvements. Thus, the emerging beneficial role of exercise training and low-calorie diet on adipose tissue ECM remodeling is a topic that deserves attention from health professionals. Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a 3-dimensional network of molecules that play a central role in differentiation, migration, and survival for maintaining normal homeostasis. It seems that ECM remodeling is required for adipose tissue expansion. Despite evidence indicating that ECM is an essential component of tissue physiology, adipose tissue ECM has received limited attention. Hence, there is great interest in approaches to neutralize the harmful effects of ECM enlargement. This review compiles and discusses the current literature on adipose tissue ECM remodeling in response to different dietary patterns and exercise training. High-calorie diets result in substantial adipose tissue ECM remodeling, which in turn could lead to fibrosis (excess deposition of collagens, elastin, and fibronectin), inflammation, and the onset of metabolic dysfunction. However, combining a nutritionally balanced diet with exercise is a remarkable potential strategy for lipolytic activity, preventing rapid ECM expansion in different adipose tissue depots. Despite the distinct exercise modalities (aerobic or resistance exercise) reversing adipose tissue fibrosis in animal models, the beneficial effect on humans remains controversial. Defining molecular pathways and specific mechanisms that mediate the positive effects on adipose tissue, ECM is essential in developing optimized interventions to improve health and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; or
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; or
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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Ansorge N, Dannecker C, Jeschke U, Schmoeckel E, Heidegger HH, Vattai A, Burgmann M, Czogalla B, Mahner S, Fuerst S. Regulatory T Cells with Additional COX-2 Expression Are Independent Negative Prognosticators for Vulvar Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094662. [PMID: 35563052 PMCID: PMC9099805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer incidence numbers have been steadily rising over the past decades. In particular, the number of young patients with vulvar cancer has recently increased. Therefore, the need to identify new prognostic factors and, in addition, therapeutic options for vulvar carcinoma is more apparent. The aim of this study was to analyze the influx of COX-2 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes and their influence on prognosis. Using subtyping by immunofluorescence, the majority of COX-2 expressing immune cells were identified as FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells. In addition, peri- and intra-tumoral macrophages in the same tumor tissue were detected simultaneously as M2-polarized macrophages. COX-2 positive immune cells were independent negative prognostic markers in long-term overall survival of patients with vulvar cancer. These results show an influence of immune cell infiltration for vulvar carcinoma patients. Immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression may, therefore, become interesting targets for further research on new vulvar cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ansorge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-821-400-165505
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Maximiliane Burgmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Sophie Fuerst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (N.A.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.B.); (B.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.)
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Role of JAK-STAT and PPAR-Gamma Signalling Modulators in the Prevention of Autism and Neurological Dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3888-3912. [PMID: 35437700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Janus-kinase (JAK) and signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways regulate gene expression and control various factors involved in normal physiological functions such as cell proliferation, neuronal development, and cell survival. JAK activation phosphorylates STAT3 in astrocytes and microglia, and this phosphorylation has been linked to mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, reactive astrogliosis, and genetic mutations. As a regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), in relation to JAK-STAT signalling, prevents this phosphorylation and aids in the treatment of the above-mentioned neurocomplications. Changes in cellular signalling may also contribute to the onset and progression of autism. Thus, PPAR-gamma agonist upregulation may be associated with JAK-STAT signal transduction downregulation. It may also be responsible for attenuating neuropathological changes by stimulating SOCS3 or involving RXR or SMRT, thereby reducing transcription of the various cytokine proteins and genes involved in neuronal damage. Along with JAK-STAT inhibitors, PPAR-gamma agonists could be used as target therapeutic interventions for autism. This research-based review explores the potential involvement and mutual regulation of JAK-STAT and PPAR-gamma signalling in controlling multiple pathological factors associated with autism.
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150
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Dai W, Zhang J, Li S, He F, Liu Q, Gong J, Yang Z, Gong Y, Tang F, Wang Z, Xie C. Protein Arginine Methylation: An Emerging Modification in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865964. [PMID: 35493527 PMCID: PMC9046588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have emerged as new members of a gene expression regulator family in eukaryotes, and are associated with cancer pathogenesis and progression. Cancer immunotherapy has significantly improved cancer treatment in terms of overall survival and quality of life. Protein arginine methylation is an epigenetic modification function not only in transcription, RNA processing, and signal transduction cascades, but also in many cancer-immunity cycle processes. Arginine methylation is involved in the activation of anti-cancer immunity and the regulation of immunotherapy efficacy. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date information on regulatory molecular mechanisms and different underlying arginine methylation signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immune responses during cancer. We also outline the potential of PRMT-inhibitors as effective combinatorial treatments with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Dai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fajian He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zetian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
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