101
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LaGory EL, Giaccia AJ. The ever-expanding role of HIF in tumour and stromal biology. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:356-65. [PMID: 27027486 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) is a hallmark of cancer that influences cancer cell function, but is also an important component of the tumour microenvironment as it alters the extracellular matrix, modulates the tumour immune response and increases angiogenesis. Here we discuss the regulation and role of hypoxia and its key transcriptional mediators, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors, in the tumour microenvironment and stromal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L LaGory
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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102
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EphrinB2 repression through ZEB2 mediates tumour invasion and anti-angiogenic resistance. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12329. [PMID: 27470974 PMCID: PMC4974575 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse invasion of the surrounding brain parenchyma is a major obstacle in the treatment of gliomas with various therapeutics, including anti-angiogenic agents. Here we identify the epi-/genetic and microenvironmental downregulation of ephrinB2 as a crucial step that promotes tumour invasion by abrogation of repulsive signals. We demonstrate that ephrinB2 is downregulated in human gliomas as a consequence of promoter hypermethylation and gene deletion. Consistently, genetic deletion of ephrinB2 in a murine high-grade glioma model increases invasion. Importantly, ephrinB2 gene silencing is complemented by a hypoxia-induced transcriptional repression. Mechanistically, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α induces the EMT repressor ZEB2, which directly downregulates ephrinB2 through promoter binding to enhance tumour invasiveness. This mechanism is activated following anti-angiogenic treatment of gliomas and is efficiently blocked by disrupting ZEB2 activity. Taken together, our results identify ZEB2 as an attractive therapeutic target to inhibit tumour invasion and counteract tumour resistance mechanisms induced by anti-angiogenic treatment strategies. Ephrins are transmembrane proteins involved in cell-cell communication, and implicated in cancer cell growth and progression. Here, the authors show that EphrinB2 expression is reduced in glioma cells both by genetic and epigenetic alterations and under hypoxia, through a HIF1α-mediated direct regulation of ZEB2, which enhances invasion and anti-angiogenic resistance.
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103
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Golčić M, Petković M. Changes in metabolic profile, iron and ferritin levels during the treatment of metastatic renal cancer - A new potential biomarker? Med Hypotheses 2016; 94:148-50. [PMID: 27515221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) develops in approximately 33% of all renal cancer patients. First line treatment of mRCC includes drugs such as sunitinib, temsirolimus and pazopanib, with overall survival now reaching up to 43,6months in patients with favorable-risk metastatic disease. Several side-effects in mRCC treatment, such as hypothyroidism, can be used as positive prognostic factors and indicate good response to therapy. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia independent of hypothyroidism are reported as side-effects in temsirolimus treatment and recently in sunitinib treatment, but the exact mechanism and significance of the changes remains elusive. Most likely, metabolic changes are caused by inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a positive target of tumor growth suppression, but also a regulator of iron homeostasis. There are no clinical studies reporting changes in iron and ferritin levels during mRCC biotherapy, but we hypothesize that inhibition of mTOR will also affect iron and ferritin levels. If both lipid and iron changes correlate, there is a high possibility that both changes are primarily caused by mTOR inhibition and the level of change should correlate with the inhibition of mTOR pathway and hence the efficacy of targeted treatment. We lastly hypothesize that mRCC biotherapy causes hypercholesterolemia with a possibly improved cholesterol profile due to increase HDL/LDL ratio, so statins might not have a role as supplementary treatment, whereas a sharp rise in triglyceride levels seems to be the primary target for additional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Golčić
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Marija Petković
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia
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104
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Menendez JA, Vellon L, Espinoza I, Lupu R. The metastasis inducer CCN1 (CYR61) activates the fatty acid synthase (FASN)-driven lipogenic phenotype in breast cancer cells. Oncoscience 2016; 3:242-257. [PMID: 27713913 PMCID: PMC5043073 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic inducer CCN1 (Cysteine-rich 61, CYR61) is differentially activated in metastatic breast carcinomas. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms that underlie the pro-metastatic actions of CCN1. Here, we investigated the impact of CCN1 expression on fatty acid synthase (FASN), a metabolic oncogene thought to provide cancer cells with proliferative and survival advantages. Forced expression of CCN1 in MCF-7 cells robustly up-regulated FASN protein expression and also significantly increased FASN gene promoter activity 2- to 3-fold, whereas deletion of the sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP) binding site in the FASN promoter completely abrogated CCN1-driven transcriptional activation. Pharmacological blockade of MAPK or PI-3'K activation similarly prevented the ability of CCN1 to induce FASN gene activation. Pharmacological inhibition of FASN activity with the mycotoxin cerulenin or the small compound C75 reversed CCN1-induced acquisition of estrogen independence and resistance to hormone therapies such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant in anchorage-independent growth assays. This study uncovers FASNdependent endogenous lipogenesis as a new mechanism controlling the metastatic phenotype promoted by CCN1. Because estrogen independence and progression to a metastatic phenotype are hallmarks of therapeutic resistance and mortality in breast cancer, this previously unrecognized CCN1-driven lipogenic phenotype represents a novel metabolic target to clinically manage metastatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- IBYME, CONICET-Laboratorio de Immunohematología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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105
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Hines K, May JC, McLean JA, Xu L. Evaluation of Collision Cross Section Calibrants for Structural Analysis of Lipids by Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7329-36. [PMID: 27321977 PMCID: PMC4955523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collision cross section (CCS) measurement of lipids using traveling wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS) is of high interest to the lipidomics field. However, currently available calibrants for CCS measurement using TWIM are predominantly peptides that display quite different physical properties and gas-phase conformations from lipids, which could lead to large CCS calibration errors for lipids. Here we report the direct CCS measurement of a series of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) in nitrogen using a drift tube ion mobility (DTIM) instrument and an evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of PCs and PEs as CCS calibrants for phospholipids against different classes of calibrants, including polyalanine (PolyAla), tetraalkylammonium salts (TAA), and hexakis(fluoroalkoxy)phosphazines (HFAP), in both positive and negative modes in TWIM-MS analysis. We demonstrate that structurally mismatched calibrants lead to larger errors in calibrated CCS values while the structurally matched calibrants, PCs and PEs, gave highly accurate and reproducible CCS values at different traveling wave parameters. Using the lipid calibrants, the majority of the CCS values of several classes of phospholipids measured by TWIM are within 2% error of the CCS values measured by DTIM. The development of phospholipid CCS calibrants will enable high-accuracy structural studies of lipids and add an additional level of validation in the assignment of identifications in untargeted lipidomics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly
M. Hines
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jody C. May
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems
Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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106
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van der Mijn JC, Panka DJ, Geissler AK, Verheul HM, Mier JW. Novel drugs that target the metabolic reprogramming in renal cell cancer. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:14. [PMID: 27418963 PMCID: PMC4944519 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling studies of tumor tissue from patients with clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) have revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming in this disease. Associations were found between metabolic reprogramming, histopathologic Fuhrman grade, and overall survival of patients. Large-scale genomics, proteomics, and metabolomic analyses have been performed to identify the molecular players in this process. Genes involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, and lipogenesis were found to be upregulated in renal cell cancer (RCC) specimens as compared to normal tissue. Preclinical research indicates that mutations in VHL, FBP1, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway drives aerobic glycolysis through transcriptional activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Mechanistic studies revealed glutamine as an important source for de novo fatty acid synthesis through reductive carboxylation. Amplification of MYC drives reductive carboxylation. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the metabolic changes in RCC in conjunction with potential novel therapeutics. We discuss preclinical studies that have investigated targeted agents that interfere with various aspects of tumor cell metabolism and emphasize their impact specifically on glycolysis, lipogenesis, and tumor growth. Furthermore, we describe a number of phase 1 and 2 clinical trials that have been conducted with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C van der Mijn
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA ; Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG; Jan van Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Panka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Andrew K Geissler
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Mier
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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107
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Treps L, Conradi LC, Harjes U, Carmeliet P. Manipulating Angiogenesis by Targeting Endothelial Metabolism: Hitting the Engine Rather than the Drivers—A New Perspective? Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:872-87. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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108
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Frédérich M, Pirotte B, Fillet M, de Tullio P. Metabolomics as a Challenging Approach for Medicinal Chemistry and Personalized Medicine. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8649-8666. [PMID: 27295417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
"Omics" sciences have been developed to provide a holistic point of view of biology and to better understand the complexity of an organism as a whole. These systems biology approaches can be examined at different levels, starting from the most fundamental, i.e., the genome, and finishing with the most functional, i.e., the metabolome. Similar to how genomics is applied to the exploration of DNA, metabolomics is the qualitative and quantitative study of metabolites. This emerging field is clearly linked to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. In addition, metabolomics provides a unique and direct vision of the functional outcome of an organism's activities that are required for it to survive, grow, and respond to internal and external stimuli or stress, e.g., pathologies and drugs. The links between metabolic changes, patient phenotype, physiological and/or pathological status, and treatment are now well established and have opened a new area for the application of metabolomics in the drug discovery process and in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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109
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Indraccolo S. Vascular endothelial growth factor blockade elicits a stable metabolic shift in tumor cells: therapeutic implications. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1008307. [PMID: 27308579 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of tumors differs remarkably from that of normal tissues, but whether this is a stable feature of tumor cells is largely unknown. Recent findings by independent teams indicate that antiangiogenic drugs cause a metabolic shift in tumor cells that is associated with increased malignancy. These results suggest therapy-driven evolutionary dynamics of tumor metabolism that could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit; Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS ; Padova, Italy
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110
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Zaytseva YY, Harris JW, Mitov MI, Kim JT, Butterfield DA, Lee EY, Weiss HL, Gao T, Evers BM. Increased expression of fatty acid synthase provides a survival advantage to colorectal cancer cells via upregulation of cellular respiration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18891-904. [PMID: 25970773 PMCID: PMC4662462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a lipogenic enzyme, is upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Increased de novo lipid synthesis is thought to be a metabolic adaptation of cancer cells that promotes survival and metastasis; however, the mechanisms for this phenomenon are not fully understood. We show that FASN plays a role in regulation of energy homeostasis by enhancing cellular respiration in CRC. We demonstrate that endogenously synthesized lipids fuel fatty acid oxidation, particularly during metabolic stress, and maintain energy homeostasis. Increased FASN expression is associated with a decrease in activation of energy-sensing pathways and accumulation of lipid droplets in CRC cells and orthotopic CRCs. Immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated increased expression of FASN and p62, a marker of autophagy inhibition, in primary CRCs and liver metastases compared to matched normal colonic mucosa. Our findings indicate that overexpression of FASN plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis in CRC via increased oxidation of endogenously synthesized lipids. Importantly, activation of fatty acid oxidation and consequent downregulation of stress-response signaling pathways may be key adaptation mechanisms that mediate the effects of FASN on cancer cell survival and metastasis, providing a strong rationale for targeting this pathway in advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer W Harris
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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111
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Al-Zoughbi W, Pichler M, Gorkiewicz G, Guertl-Lackner B, Haybaeck J, Jahn SW, Lackner C, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Popper H, Schauer S, Nusshold E, Kindt ASD, Trajanoski Z, Speicher MR, Haemmerle G, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Vesely PW, Hoefler G. Loss of adipose triglyceride lipase is associated with human cancer and induces mouse pulmonary neoplasia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33832-40. [PMID: 27213586 PMCID: PMC5085122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Understanding cancer metabolism is instrumental to devise innovative therapeutic approaches. Anabolic metabolism, including the induction of lipogenic enzymes, is a key feature of proliferating cells. Here, we report a novel tumor suppressive function for adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate limiting enzyme in the triglyceride hydrolysis cascade.In immunohistochemical analysis, non-small cell lung cancers, pancreatic adenocarcinoma as well as leiomyosarcoma showed significantly reduced levels of ATGL protein compared to corresponding normal tissues. The ATGL gene was frequently deleted in various forms of cancers. Low levels of ATGL mRNA correlated with significantly reduced survival in patients with ovarian, breast, gastric and non-small cell lung cancers. Remarkably, pulmonary neoplasia including invasive adenocarcinoma developed spontaneously in mice lacking ATGL pointing to an important role for this lipase in controlling tumor development.Loss of ATGL, as detected in several forms of human cancer, induces spontaneous development of pulmonary neoplasia in a mouse model. Our results, therefore, suggest a novel tumor suppressor function for ATGL and contribute to the understanding of cancer metabolism. We propose to evaluate loss of ATGL protein expression for the diagnosis of malignant tumors. Finally, modulation of the lipolytic pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of human cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Computational Biology
- Data Mining
- Databases, Genetic
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Lipase/analysis
- Lipase/deficiency
- Lipase/genetics
- Lipolysis
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/enzymology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Zoughbi
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Stephan W. Jahn
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisa Nusshold
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alida S. D. Kindt
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul W. Vesely
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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112
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Abrogating cholesterol esterification suppresses growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:6378-6388. [PMID: 27132508 PMCID: PMC5093084 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to execute reprogramed metabolism of glucose, amino acids and lipids. Here, we report a significant role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer metastasis. By using label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, we found an aberrant accumulation of cholesteryl ester in human pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines, mediated by acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) enzyme. Expression of ACAT-1 showed a correlation with poor patient survival. Abrogation of cholesterol esterification, either by an ACAT-1 inhibitor or by shRNA knockdown, significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Mechanically, ACAT-1 inhibition increased intracellular free cholesterol level, which was associated with elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress and caused apoptosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate a new strategy for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer by inhibiting cholesterol esterification.
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113
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Abstract
Metastasis is the underlying cause of death for the majority of breast cancer patients. Despite significant advances in recent years in basic research and clinical development, therapies that specifically target metastatic breast cancer remain inadequate, and represents the single greatest obstacle to reducing mortality of late-stage breast cancer. Recent efforts have leveraged genomic analysis of breast cancer and molecular dissection of tumor-stromal cross-talk to uncover a number of promising candidates for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Rational combinations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental components provide a promising strategy to develop precision treatments with higher specificity and less toxicity. In this review, we discuss the emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis, from tumor-intrinsic pathways to those that involve the host tissue components, including the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States.
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114
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Pisarsky L, Bill R, Fagiani E, Dimeloe S, Goosen RW, Hagmann J, Hess C, Christofori G. Targeting Metabolic Symbiosis to Overcome Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapy. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1161-74. [PMID: 27134168 PMCID: PMC4870473 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the approval of several anti-angiogenic therapies, clinical results remain unsatisfactory, and transient benefits are followed by rapid tumor recurrence. Here, we demonstrate potent anti-angiogenic efficacy of the multi-kinase inhibitors nintedanib and sunitinib in a mouse model of breast cancer. However, after an initial regression, tumors resume growth in the absence of active tumor angiogenesis. Gene expression profiling of tumor cells reveals metabolic reprogramming toward anaerobic glycolysis. Indeed, combinatorial treatment with a glycolysis inhibitor (3PO) efficiently inhibits tumor growth. Moreover, tumors establish metabolic symbiosis, illustrated by the differential expression of MCT1 and MCT4, monocarboxylate transporters active in lactate exchange in glycolytic tumors. Accordingly, genetic ablation of MCT4 expression overcomes adaptive resistance against anti-angiogenic therapy. Hence, targeting metabolic symbiosis may be an attractive avenue to avoid resistance development to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients. Tumors can escape anti-angiogenic therapy with multi-kinase inhibitors A glycolytic shift underlies resistance against multi-kinase inhibitors Metabolic symbiosis between hypoxic and oxygenated cells inspires therapy resistance Inhibition of glycolysis or lactate export collapses metabolic symbiosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pisarsky
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bill
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernesta Fagiani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Hagmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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115
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Rautiola J, Lampinen A, Mirtti T, Ristimäki A, Joensuu H, Bono P, Saharinen P. Association of Angiopoietin-2 and Ki-67 Expression with Vascular Density and Sunitinib Response in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153745. [PMID: 27100185 PMCID: PMC4839598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2, Angpt2) growth factor is a context-dependent antagonist/agonist ligand of the endothelial Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase and known to promote tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Angiopoietin antagonists have been tested in clinical cancer trials in combination with VEGF-based anti-angiogenic therapy, including sunitinib, which is widely used as a first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, little is known about Ang2 protein expression in human tumours and the correlation of tumour Ang2 expression with tumour vascularization, tumour cell proliferation and response to anti-angiogenic therapies. Here, we evaluated, using immunohistochemistry, the expression of Ang2, CD31 and the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in the primary kidney cancer from 136 mRCC patients, who received first-line sunitinib after nephrectomy. Ang2 protein expression was restrained to RCC tumour vessels, and correlated with tumour vascularization and response to sunitinib. High pre-therapeutic Ang2 expression, and more strongly, combined high expression of both Ang2 and CD31, were associated with a high clinical benefit rate (CBR). Low cancer Ki-67 expression, but not Ang2 or CD31 expression, was associated with favourable progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as compared to patients with high Ki-67 expression (PFS 6.5 vs. 10.6 months, P = 0.009; OS, 15.7 vs. 28.5 months, P = 0.015). In summary, in this study to investigate endothelial Ang2 in mRCC patients treated with first-line sunitinib, high cancer Ang2 expression was associated with the CBR, but not PFS or OS, whereas low Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with long PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhana Rautiola
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.B. 180, 00029 HUS, Finland and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Lampinen
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.B. 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.B. 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Pathology, Research Programs Unit and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.B. 400, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Pathology, Research Programs Unit and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.B. 400, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.B. 180, 00029 HUS, Finland and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Bono
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.B. 180, 00029 HUS, Finland and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, and Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.B. 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
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116
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Wang MD, Wu H, Fu GB, Zhang HL, Zhou X, Tang L, Dong LW, Qin CJ, Huang S, Zhao LH, Zeng M, Wu MC, Yan HX, Wang HY. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha promotion of glucose-mediated fatty acid synthesis enhances survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and patients. Hepatology 2016; 63:1272-86. [PMID: 26698170 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Solid tumors often suffer from suboptimal oxygen and nutrient supplies. This stress underlies the requirement for metabolic adaptation. Aberrantly activated de novo lipogenesis is critical for development and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether de novo lipogenesis influences biological behaviors of HCCs under conditions of metabolic stress are still poorly understood. Here, we show that HCCs display distinct levels of glucose-derived de novo lipogenesis, which are positively correlated with their survival responses to glucose limitation. The enhanced lipogenesis in HCCs is characterized by an increased expression of rate-limiting enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACCα). ACCα-mediated fatty acid (FA) synthesis determines the intracellular lipid content that is required to maintain energy hemostasis and inhibit cell death by means of FA oxidation (FAO) during metabolic stress. In accord, overexpression of ACCα facilitates tumor growth. ACCα forms a complex with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and prevents its mitochondria distribution under nutrient-sufficient conditions. During metabolic stress, phosphorylation of ACCα leads to dissociation of the complex and mitochondria localization of CPT1A, thus promoting FAO-mediated cell survival. Therefore, ACCα could provide both the substrate and enzyme storage for FAO during glucose deficiency. Up-regulation of ACCα is also significantly correlated with poorer overall survival and disease recurrence postsurgery. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis identified ACCα as an effective predictor of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION These results present novel mechanistic insight into a pivotal role of ACCα in maintaining HCC survival under metabolic stress. It could be exploited as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Da Wang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Lu Zhang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Tang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Dong
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jie Qin
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Hao Zhao
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zeng
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Xin Yan
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
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117
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Porporato PE, Payen VL, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 2: Mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1349-63. [PMID: 26646069 PMCID: PMC11108268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a hallmark of cancer controlling tumor progression and metastasis. Among the various metabolic phenotypes encountered in tumors, this review focuses on the contributions of mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism to the metastatic process. Tumor cells require functional mitochondria to grow, proliferate and metastasize, but shifts in mitochondrial activities confer pro-metastatic traits encompassing increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), enhanced resistance to apoptosis and the increased or de novo production of metabolic intermediates of the TCA cycle behaving as oncometabolites, including succinate, fumarate, and D-2-hydroxyglutarate that control energy production, biosynthesis and the redox state. Lipid metabolism and the metabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, glutamate and proline are also currently emerging as focal control points of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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118
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Kinlaw WB, Baures PW, Lupien LE, Davis WL, Kuemmerle NB. Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2128-41. [PMID: 26844415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Paul W Baures
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wilson L Davis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont
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119
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Jahn SC, Solayman MHM, Lorenzo RJ, Langaee T, Stacpoole PW, James MO. GSTZ1 expression and chloride concentrations modulate sensitivity of cancer cells to dichloroacetate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1202-10. [PMID: 26850694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA), commonly used to treat metabolic disorders, is under investigation as an anti-cancer therapy due to its ability to reverse the Warburg effect and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. While DCA's mechanism of action is well-studied, other factors that influence its potential as a cancer treatment have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we show that expression of glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), the enzyme responsible for conversion of DCA to its inactive metabolite, glyoxylate, is downregulated in liver cancer and upregulated in some breast cancers, leading to abnormal expression of the protein. The cellular concentration of chloride, an ion that influences the stability of GSTZ1 in the presence of DCA, was also found to be abnormal in tumors, with consistently higher concentrations in hepatocellular carcinoma than in surrounding non-tumor tissue. Finally, results from experiments employing two- and three-dimensional cultures of HepG2 cells, parental and transduced to express GSTZ1, demonstrate that high levels of GSTZ1 expression confers resistance to the effect of high concentrations of DCA on cell viability. These results may have important clinical implications in determining intratumoral metabolism of DCA and, consequently, appropriate oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Jahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Mohamed Hassan M Solayman
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryan J Lorenzo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0226, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States.
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120
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Indraccolo S, Mueller-Klieser W. Potential of Induced Metabolic Bioluminescence Imaging to Uncover Metabolic Effects of Antiangiogenic Therapy in Tumors. Front Oncol 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 26870694 PMCID: PMC4733917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity at the genetic level has been illustrated by a multitude of studies on the genomics of cancer, but whether tumors can be heterogeneous at the metabolic level is an issue that has been less systematically investigated so far. A burning-related question is whether the metabolic features of tumors can change either following natural tumor progression (i.e., in primary tumors versus metastasis) or therapeutic interventions. In this regard, recent findings by independent teams indicate that antiangiogenic drugs cause metabolic perturbations in tumors as well as metabolic adaptations associated with increased malignancy. Induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) is an imaging technique that enables detection of key metabolites associated with glycolysis, including lactate, glucose, pyruvate, and ATP in tumor sections. Signals captured by imBI can be used to visualize the topographic distribution of these metabolites and quantify their absolute amount. imBI can be very useful for metabolic classification of tumors as well as to track metabolic changes in the glycolytic pathway associated with certain therapies. Imaging of the metabolic changes induced by antiangiogenic drugs in tumors by imBI or other emerging technologies is a valuable tool to uncover molecular sensors engaged by metabolic stress and offers an opportunity to understand how metabolism-based approaches could improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS , Padova , Italy
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pathophysiology , Mainz , Germany
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121
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Paauwe M, Heijkants RC, Oudt CH, van Pelt GW, Cui C, Theuer CP, Hardwick JCH, Sier CFM, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin targeting inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread in breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4069-79. [PMID: 26804178 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoglin, a transforming growth factor-β co-receptor, is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells in solid tumors. Therefore, targeting endoglin is currently being explored in clinical trials for anti-angiogenic therapy. In this project, the redundancy between endoglin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in angiogenesis and the effects of targeting both pathways on breast cancer metastasis were explored. In patient samples, increased endoglin signaling after VEGF inhibition was observed. In vitro TRC105, an endoglin-neutralizing antibody, increased VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Moreover, combined targeting of the endoglin and VEGF pathway, with the VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor SU5416, increased antiangiogenic effects in vitro and in a zebrafish angiogenesis model. Next, in a mouse model for invasive lobular breast cancer, the effects of TRC105 and SU5416 on tumor growth and metastasis were explored. Although TRC105 and SU5416 decreased tumor vascular density, tumor volume was unaffected. Strikingly, in mice treated with TRC105, or TRC105 and SU5416 combined, a strong inhibition in the number of metastases was seen. Moreover, upon resection of the primary tumor, strong inhibition of metastatic spread by TRC105 was observed in an adjuvant setting. To confirm these data, we assessed the effects of endoglin-Fc (an endoglin ligand trap) on metastasis formation. Similar to treatment with TRC105 in the resection model, endoglin-Fc-expressing tumors showed strong inhibition of distant metastases. These results show, for the first time, that targeting endoglin, either with neutralizing antibodies or a ligand trap, strongly inhibits metastatic spread of breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paauwe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R C Heijkants
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C H Oudt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Cui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C P Theuer
- Tracon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C F M Sier
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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122
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Pommier AJC, Farren M, Patel B, Wappett M, Michopoulos F, Smith NR, Kendrew J, Frith J, Huby R, Eberlein C, Campbell H, Womack C, Smith PD, Robertson J, Morgan S, Critchlow SE, Barry ST. Leptin, BMI, and a Metabolic Gene Expression Signature Associated with Clinical Outcome to VEGF Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Cell Metab 2016; 23:77-93. [PMID: 26626460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling inhibitors are widely used in different cancer types; however, patient selection remains a challenge. Analyses of samples from a phase III clinical trial in metastatic colorectal cancer testing chemotherapy versus chemotherapy with the small molecule VEGF receptors inhibitor cediranib identified circulating leptin levels, BMI, and a tumor metabolic and angiogenic gene expression signature associated with improved clinical outcome in patients treated with cediranib. Patients with a glycolytic and hypoxic/angiogenic profile were associated with increased benefit from cediranib, whereas patients with a high lipogenic, oxidative phosphorylation and serine biosynthesis signature did not gain benefit. These findings translated to pre-clinical tumor xenograft models where the same metabolic gene expression profiles were associated with in vivo sensitivity to cediranib as monotherapy. These findings suggest a link between patient physiology, tumor biology, and response to antiangiogenics, which may guide patient selection for VEGF therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien J C Pommier
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Matthew Farren
- Cancer Research Technology, Angel Building, St. John Street, London EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Bhavika Patel
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Mark Wappett
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Neil R Smith
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jane Kendrew
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jeremy Frith
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Russell Huby
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Catherine Eberlein
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Hayley Campbell
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Christopher Womack
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Paul D Smith
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jane Robertson
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Shethah Morgan
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Susan E Critchlow
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
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123
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Zhang I, Cui Y, Amiri A, Ding Y, Campbell RE, Maysinger D. Pharmacological inhibition of lipid droplet formation enhances the effectiveness of curcumin in glioblastoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 100:66-76. [PMID: 26763536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased lipid droplet number and fatty acid synthesis allow glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer, to withstand accelerated metabolic rates and resist therapeutic treatments. Lipid droplets are postulated to sequester hydrophobic therapeutic agents, thereby reducing drug effectiveness. We hypothesized that the inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in glioblastoma cells using pyrrolidine-2, a cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitor, can sensitize cancer cells to the killing effect of curcumin, a promising anticancer agent isolated from the turmeric spice. We observed that curcumin localized in the lipid droplets of human U251N glioblastoma cells. Reduction of lipid droplet number using pyrrolidine-2 drastically enhanced the therapeutic effect of curcumin in both 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell models. The mode of cell death involved was found to be mediated by caspase-3. Comparatively, the current clinical chemotherapeutic standard, temozolomide, was significantly less effective in inducing glioblastoma cell death. Together, our results suggest that the inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation is an effective way to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of curcumin against glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yiming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Abdolali Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yidan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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124
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Qiu P, Man S, Yang H, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ma L, Yu P, Gao W. Metabolic regulatory network alterations reveal different therapeutic effects of cisplatin and Rhizoma paridis saponins in Lewis pulmonary adenoma mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabonomics is used to compare the metabolic profiling of RPS and DDP in Lewis pulmonary adenoma mice; RPS is found to be a potent anticancer agent through inhibiting cancer cellular metabolism to suppress metastases in murine lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - Yuanxue Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology
- College of Biotechnology
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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125
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Lerrer B, Gertler AA, Cohen HY. The complex role of SIRT6 in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 37:108-18. [PMID: 26717993 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6, a member of the mammalian sirtuins family, functions as a mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase and NAD(+)-dependent deacylase of both acetyl groups and long-chain fatty acyl groups. SIRT6 regulates diverse cellular functions such as transcription, genome stability, telomere integrity, DNA repair, inflammation and metabolic related diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. In this review, we will discuss the implication of SIRT6 in the biology of cancer and the relevance to organism homeostasis and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batia Lerrer
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Asaf A Gertler
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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126
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Romero IL, Mukherjee A, Kenny HA, Litchfield LM, Lengyel E. Molecular pathways: trafficking of metabolic resources in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:680-6. [PMID: 25691772 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A model of tumor metabolism is proposed that describes how the complementary metabolic functions of the local stroma and the tumor cells contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cells alter the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts to obtain lactate and amino acids, which are utilized for energy production, rapid growth, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Cancer cells use glutamine supplied by cancer-associated fibroblasts to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and as a nitrogen source for nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, adipocytes in the microenvironment attract cancer cells through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and proteases. The cancer cells then induce metabolic changes in the adipocytes to acquire free fatty acids that are oxidized by cancer cells to generate energy for proliferation. Increasing knowledge about the metabolic symbiosis within the tumor has led to novel therapeutic strategies designed to restrict metabolic adaptation, including inhibiting lactate transporters and repurposing antidiabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones, metformin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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127
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Zhang Y, Fang N, You J, Zhou Q. [Advances in the relationship between tumor cell metabolism and tumor metastasis]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 17:812-8. [PMID: 25404272 PMCID: PMC6000352 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular nutrients and the rate of energy flowing in tumor cells are often higher than that in normal cells due to the prolonged stress of tumor-specific microenvironment. In this context, the metabolism of tumor cells provides the fuel of bio-synthesis and energy required for tumor metastasis. Consistent with this, the abnormal metabolism such as extremely active glucose metabolism and excessive accumulating of fatty acid is also discovered in metastatic tumors. Previous Studies have confirmed that the regulation of tumor metabolism can affect the tumor metastasis, and some of these have been successfully applied in clinical effective, positive way. Thus, targeting metabolism of tumor cells might be an effectively positive way to prevent the metastasis of tumor. So, our review is focused on the research development of the relationship between tumor metabolism and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nianzhen Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiacong You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Ebos JML. Prodding the Beast: Assessing the Impact of Treatment-Induced Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3427-35. [PMID: 26229121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The arsenal of treatments for most cancers fit broadly into the categories of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy. All represent proven and successful strategies, yet each can trigger local (tumor) and systemic (host) processes that elicit unwanted, often opposing, influences on cancer growth. Under certain conditions, nearly all cancer treatments can facilitate metastatic spread, often in parallel (and sometimes in clear contrast) with tumor reducing benefits. The paradox of treatment-induced metastasis (TIM) is not new. Supporting preclinical studies span decades, but are often overlooked. With recent evidence of prometastatic effects following treatment with targeted agents blocking the tumor microenvironment, a closer inspection of this literature is warranted. The TIM phenomena may diminish the impact of effective therapies and play a critical role in eventual resistance. Alternatively, it may simply exemplify the gap between animal and human studies, and therefore have little impact for patient disease and treatment. This review will focus on the preclinical model systems used to evaluate TIM and explore the mechanisms that influence overall treatment efficacy. Understanding the role of TIM in established and emerging drug treatment strategies may help provide rationales for future drug combination approaches with antimetastatic agents to improve outcomes and reduce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M L Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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Lee JA, Shinn P, Jaken S, Oliver S, Willard FS, Heidler S, Peery RB, Oler J, Chu S, Southall N, Dexheimer TS, Smallwood J, Huang R, Guha R, Jadhav A, Cox K, Austin CP, Simeonov A, Sittampalam GS, Husain S, Franklin N, Wild DJ, Yang JJ, Sutherland JJ, Thomas CJ. Novel Phenotypic Outcomes Identified for a Public Collection of Approved Drugs from a Publicly Accessible Panel of Assays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130796. [PMID: 26177200 PMCID: PMC4503722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic assays have a proven track record for generating leads that become first-in-class therapies. Whole cell assays that inform on a phenotype or mechanism also possess great potential in drug repositioning studies by illuminating new activities for the existing pharmacopeia. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) pharmaceutical collection (NPC) is the largest reported collection of approved small molecule therapeutics that is available for screening in a high-throughput setting. Via a wide-ranging collaborative effort, this library was analyzed in the Open Innovation Drug Discovery (OIDD) phenotypic assay modules publicly offered by Lilly. The results of these tests are publically available online at www.ncats.nih.gov/expertise/preclinical/pd2 and via the PubChem Database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) (AID 1117321). Phenotypic outcomes for numerous drugs were confirmed, including sulfonylureas as insulin secretagogues and the anti-angiogenesis actions of multikinase inhibitors sorafenib, axitinib and pazopanib. Several novel outcomes were also noted including the Wnt potentiating activities of rotenone and the antifolate class of drugs, and the anti-angiogenic activity of cetaben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Lee
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul Shinn
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Jaken
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Oliver
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Francis S. Willard
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Steven Heidler
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Peery
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Oler
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Dexheimer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Smallwood
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen Cox
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Austin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - G. Sitta Sittampalam
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saba Husain
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Natalie Franklin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David J. Wild
- Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J. Yang
- Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Sutherland
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJS); (CJT)
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJS); (CJT)
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Abstract
There has been significant investment in developing novel therapies to target solid tumour vasculature. Different technical approaches have been utilized with the aim of inhibiting tumour angiogenesis or compromising the function or stability of pre-existing tumour blood vessels. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling axis remains the most widely studied, with biological and small-molecule therapeutics now registered for clinical use. However, despite these successes, the activity of these agents is not as widespread as was first postulated. The present review discusses the clinical successes of the VEGF inhibitors, the factors that may limit their utility, and the potential opportunities to maximize benefit from treatment with these agents in the future.
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131
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Corbet C, Feron O. Metabolic and mind shifts: from glucose to glutamine and acetate addictions in cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:346-53. [PMID: 26001655 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glutamine and acetate were recently identified as alternatives to glucose for fueling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in cancer cells, particularly in the context of hypoxia. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular mechanisms orchestrating glutamine and acetate metabolism were elicited through the combination of C tracer analysis and genetic silencing, or pharmacological modulation of key metabolic enzymes including those converting glutamate into α-ketoglutarate (αKG) (and beyond) and acetate into acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). SUMMARY Oxidative decarboxylation and reductive carboxylation of αKG represent two options for the glutamine metabolism. The canonical forward mode of the TCA cycle fuelled by glutamine may benefit from the decarboxylation of malate into pyruvate for fueling pyruvate dehydrogenase and generating acetyl-CoA to offer a self-sustainable TCA cycle. Under hypoxia and mutations in the TCA cycle, the reductive carboxylation of glutamine-derived αKG into citrate mainly supports lipogenesis via the ATP citrate lyase that cleaves citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. Still, a largely unsuspected source of acetyl-CoA was shown to derive from the direct ligation of acetate to CoA by acetyl-CoA synthetases. Altogether, these findings identify critical metabolic nodes in the glutamine and acetate metabolism as new determinants of tumor metabolic plasticity that may facilitate the design of synthetic lethal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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133
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McIntyre A, Harris AL. Metabolic and hypoxic adaptation to anti-angiogenic therapy: a target for induced essentiality. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:368-79. [PMID: 25700172 PMCID: PMC4403040 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy has increased the progression-free survival of many cancer patients but has had little effect on overall survival, even in colon cancer (average 6-8 weeks) due to resistance. The current licensed targeted therapies all inhibit VEGF signalling (Table 1). Many mechanisms of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy have been identified that enable cancers to bypass the angiogenic blockade. In addition, over the last decade, there has been increasing evidence for the role that the hypoxic and metabolic responses play in tumour adaptation to anti-angiogenic therapy. The hypoxic tumour response, through the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), induces major gene expression, metabolic and phenotypic changes, including increased invasion and metastasis. Pre-clinical studies combining anti-angiogenics with inhibitors of tumour hypoxic and metabolic adaptation have shown great promise, and combination clinical trials have been instigated. Understanding individual patient response and the response timing, given the opposing effects of vascular normalisation versus reduced perfusion seen with anti-angiogenics, provides a further hurdle in the paradigm of personalised therapeutic intervention. Additional approaches for targeting the hypoxic tumour microenvironment are being investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that have potential for producing synthetic lethality in combination with anti-angiogenic therapy as a future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McIntyre
- Hypoxia and angiogenesis Group, Department of Oncology Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and angiogenesis Group, Department of Oncology Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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134
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Halpern B, Halpern A. Safety assessment of FDA-approved (orlistat and lorcaserin) anti-obesity medications. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:305-15. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.994502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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135
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Sarkar C, Chakroborty D, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Dopamine is a safe antiangiogenic drug which can also prevent 5-fluorouracil induced neutropenia. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:744-9. [PMID: 25556636 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in tumor angiogenesis is well established and accordingly, molecules targeting VEGFA or its receptors are being presently used in the clinics for treatment of several types of cancer. However, these antiangiogenic agents are expensive and have serious side effects. Thus identification of newer drugs with manageable systemic side effects or toxicities is of immense clinical importance. Since we have reported earlier that dopamine (DA) inhibits VEGFA induced angiogenesis in experimental tumor models, we therefore sought to investigate whether DA treatment results in similar toxicities like other antiangiogenic agents. Our results indicated that unlike sunitinib, another commonly used antiangiogenic agent in the clinics which targets VEGF receptors, DA [50 mg/kg/days × 7days intraperitoneally (i.p.)] not only could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth of HT29 human colon cancer and LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma) in mice, it also did not cause hypertension, hematological, renal and hepatic toxicities in normal, HT29 and LLC tumor bearing animals. Furthermore and interestingly, in contrast to the currently used antiangiogenic agents, DA also prevented 5-fluorouracil (5FU) induced neutropenia in HT29 colon cancer bearing mice. This action of DA was through inhibition of 5FU mediated suppression of colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage colony forming units in the bone marrow. Thus our results indicate that DA may be safely used as an antiangiogenic drug for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Crunkhorn S. Understanding resistance to antiangiogenic agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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