101
|
Bowlt Blacklock KL, Birand Z, Selmic LE, Nelissen P, Murphy S, Blackwood L, Bass J, McKay J, Fox R, Beaver S, Starkey M. Genome-wide analysis of canine oral malignant melanoma metastasis-associated gene expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6511. [PMID: 31019223 PMCID: PMC6482147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common canine melanocytic neoplasm. Overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMM and human mucosal melanomas suggest a shared UV-independent molecular aetiology. In common with human mucosal melanomas, most canine OMM metastasise. There is no reliable means of predicting canine OMM metastasis, and systemic therapies for metastatic disease are largely palliative. Herein, we employed exon microarrays for comparative expression profiling of FFPE biopsies of 18 primary canine OMM that metastasised and 10 primary OMM that did not metastasise. Genes displaying metastasis-associated expression may be targets for anti-metastasis treatments, and biomarkers of OMM metastasis. Reduced expression of CXCL12 in the metastasising OMMs implies that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis may be involved in OMM metastasis. Increased expression of APOBEC3A in the metastasising OMMs may indicate APOBEC3A-induced double-strand DNA breaks and pro-metastatic hypermutation. DNA double strand breakage triggers the DNA damage response network and two Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway members showed elevated expression in the metastasising OMMs. Cross-validation was employed to test a Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier based upon the RT-qPCR-measured expression levels of CXCL12, APOBEC3A and RPL29. Classification accuracies of 94% (metastasising OMMs) and 86% (non-metastasising OMMs) were estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Z Birand
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - L E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - P Nelissen
- Dick White Referrals, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - S Murphy
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Bass
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
- Finn Pathologists, Harleston, UK
| | - J McKay
- IDEXX Laboratories, Ltd, Wetherby, UK
| | - R Fox
- Finn Pathologists, Harleston, UK
| | - S Beaver
- Nationwide Laboratory Services, Poulton-le-Fylde, UK
| | - M Starkey
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Devi U, Singh M, Roy S, Gupta PS, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 for stabilization of mitochondrial stress along with simultaneous downregulation of HIF-1α/FASN in ER + breast cancer subtype. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:216-227. [PMID: 30950543 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to inquest the chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 for the curtailment of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and fatty acid synthase. It was well documented that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and fatty acid synthase were overexpressed in mammary gland carcinomas. After screening a battery of compounds, BBAP-2 was retrieved as a potential prolyl hydroxylase-2 activator and validates its activity using ER + MCF-7 cell line and n-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced rat in vivo model, respectively. BBAP-2 was palpable for the morphological characteristics of apoptosis along with changes in the mitochondrial intergrity as visualized by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and JC-1 staining against ER + MCF-7 cells. BBAP-2 also arrest the cell cycle of ER + MCF-7 cells at G2/M phase. Afterward, BBAP-2 has scrutinized against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino Wistar rats. BBAP-2 restored the morphological architecture when screened through carmine staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. BBAP-2 also delineated the markers of oxidative stress favourably. The immunoblotting and mRNA expression analysis validated that BBAP-2 has a potentialty activate the prolyl hydroxylase-2 with sequential downregulating effect on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its downstream checkpoint. BBAP-2 also fostered apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated death pathway. The present study elaborates the chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 by which the increased expression of HIF-1α and FASN can be reduced in mammary gland carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Pushpraj S Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Khieokhajonkhet A, Aeksiri N, Kaneko G. Molecular characterization and homology modeling of liver X receptor in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: predicted functions in reproduction and lipid metabolism. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:523-538. [PMID: 30806874 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays vital roles in maintaining cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. Much work has been done on mammalian LXRs, but the role of LXR in fish remains unclear. In the present study, LXR gene was identified from adult Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, and its predicted protein structure was docked with several cholesterol derivatives at the binding site. The LXR cDNA consisted of 1495 bp encoding a putative LXR protein of 494 amino acids. The Asian seabass LXR retained many important structural features found in LXRs of other fishes and mammals, such as putative signal peptide, activation function-1 (AF-1) domain, DNA-binding domain (DBD), ligand-binding domain (LBD), activation function-2 (AF-2) domain, and eight conserved cysteine residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of LXR shared significant identity with those of other species ranging from 65.7 to 95.8%. The homology modeling and in silico molecular docking demonstrated that Asian seabass LXR could interact with cholesterol derivatives at amino acid residues Phe274 and Ile312. Real-time PCR further revealed that LXR transcripts are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest levels detected in the gonad followed by the liver. Given the well-known importance of cholesterol-mediated signaling in these tissues, Asian seabass LXR may reasonably be involved in reproduction and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Khieokhajonkhet
- Center for Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 M. 1, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Niran Aeksiri
- Center for Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 M. 1, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson, Victoria, TX, 77901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Guo B, Huang X, Broxmeyer HE. Enhancing human cord blood hematopoietic stem cell engraftment by targeting nuclear hormone receptors. Curr Opin Hematol 2019; 25:245-252. [PMID: 29608487 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a life-saving therapy for hematological and nonhematological diseases. Cord blood is a source of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but limited numbers of HSCs in single cord blood units, which may cause delayed neutrophil, platelet, and immune cell reconstitution, is a major problem for efficient transplantation. Ex-vivo expansion and enhanced homing of cord blood HSC may overcome this disadvantage and improve its long-term engraftment. Here, we discuss the role of nuclear hormone receptors signaling in human cord blood HSC engraftment. RECENT FINDINGS Antagonizing retinoid acid receptor (RAR) signaling promotes human HSC expansion and increases myeloid cell production. Cord blood CD34 cells expanded by SR1 promotes efficient myeloid recovery after transplantation compared with control groups, and leads to successful engraftment. Short-term treatment of glucocorticoids enhances homing and long-term engraftment of human HSCs and HPCs in NSG mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonism expands human HSCs and HPCs by preventing differentiation and enhancing glucose metabolism. These findings demonstrate that nuclear hormone receptor signaling components might be promising targets for improving human cord blood HCT. SUMMARY Better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying human HSC expansion and homing mediated by nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathways will facilitate enhanced HCT efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Pirmoradi L, Seyfizadeh N, Ghavami S, Zeki AA, Shojaei S. Targeting cholesterol metabolism in glioblastoma: a new therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. J Investig Med 2019; 67:715-719. [PMID: 30765502 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor known with a poor survival rate despite current advances in the field of cancer. Additional research into the pathophysiology of GBM is urgently needed given the devastating nature of this disease. Recent studies have revealed the unique cellular physiology of GBM cells as compared with healthy astrocytes. Intriguingly, GBM cells are incapable of de novo cholesterol synthesis via the mevalonate pathway. Thus, the survival of GBM cells depends on cholesterol uptake via low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) in the form of apolipoprotein-E-containing lipoproteins and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) that efflux surplus cholesterol out of cells. Liver X receptors regulate intracellular cholesterol levels in neurons and healthy astrocytes through changes in the expression of LDLR and ABCA1 in response to cholesterol and its derivatives. In GBM cells, due to the dysregulation of this surveillance pathway, there is an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. Furthermore, intracellular cholesterol regulates temozolomide-induced cell death in glioblastoma cells via accumulation and activation of death receptor 5 in plasma membrane lipid rafts. The mevalonate pathway and autophagy flux are also fundamentally related with implications for cell health and death. Thus, via cholesterol metabolism, the mevalonate pathway may be a crucial player in the pathogenesis and treatment of GBM where our current understanding is still lacking. Targeting cholesterol metabolism in GBM may hold promise as a novel adjunctive clinical therapy for this devastating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pirmoradi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Nayer Seyfizadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Gomig THB, Cavalli IJ, Souza RLRD, Vieira E, Lucena ACR, Batista M, Machado KC, Marchini FK, Marchi FA, Lima RS, de Andrade Urban C, Cavalli LR, Ribeiro EMDSF. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry using contralateral and adjacent breast tissues reveal differentially expressed proteins and their predicted impacts on pathways and cellular functions in breast cancer. J Proteomics 2019; 199:1-14. [PMID: 30772490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play an essential role in the biological processes associated with cancer. Their altered expression levels can deregulate critical cellular pathways and interactive networks. In this study, the mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification followed by functional annotation was performed to investigate the most significant deregulated proteins among tissues of primary breast tumor (PT) and axillary metastatic lymph node (LN) and corresponding non-tumor tissues contralateral (NCT) and adjacent (ANT) from patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. A total of 462 proteins was observed as differentially expressed (DEPs) among the groups analyzed. A high level of similarity was observed in the proteome profile of both non-tumor breast tissues and DEPs (n = 12) were mainly predicted in the RNA metabolism. The DEPs among the malignant and non-tumor breast tissues [n = 396 (PTxNCT) and n = 410 (LNxNCT)] were related to pathways of the LXR/RXR, NO, eNOS, eIF2 and sirtuins, tumor-related functions, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. Remarkable similarity was observed between both malignant tissues, which the DEPs were related to metastatic capabilities. Altogether, our findings revealed differential proteomic profiles that affected cancer associated and interconnected signaling processes. Validation studies are recommended to demonstrate the potential of individual proteins and/or pathways as biological markers in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomic analysis of this study revealed high similarity in the proteomic profile of the contralateral and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. Significant differences were identified among the proteome of the malignant and non-tumor tissue groups of the same patients, providing relevant insights into the hallmarks, signaling pathways, biological functions, and interactive protein networks that act during tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression. These proteins are suggested as targets of relevant interest to be explored as potential biological markers related to tumor development and metastatic progression in the breast cancer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evelyn Vieira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Batista
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Facility - RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Facility - RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1106-1121. [PMID: 30362665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Gao Y, Wu Y, Zhao K, Wang H, Liu S. In-Situ imaging detection of cell membrane and intracellular cholesterol via cascade reactions. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:249-254. [PMID: 30445299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an effective membrane-to-intracellular cholesterol detection strategy was designed based on cascade reactions. A biochip array was firstly fabricated by consecutively immobilizing luminol modified gold nanoparticles (Au@luminol), soybean peroxidase (SBP) and cholesterol oxidase (ChoX) on the cellulose acetate (CA) membrane functionalized home-made micropore array. When cholesterol existed, it was oxidized by ChoX generating H2O2, which further triggered the CL reaction under the SBP catalysis, the CL signals were collected by a charge-coupled device (CCD). The proposed strategy exhibited a wide linear range from 0.12 μM to 1000 μM and relatively low detection limit (LOD) of 0.08 μM. Furthermore,it could be used to in-situ detect membrane cholesterol and intracelluar esterified cholesterol in HepG2 cells. After activated HepG2 cells were added to the modified biochip, membrane cholesterol was detected directly. Intracelluar esterified cholesterol was detected through the introduction of triton X-100 and cholesteryl esterase (ChoE). Additionally, the cholesterol content in cells was changed after stimulated by drugs, such as apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), pitavastatin or probucol. The correlation of the CL signal with the amount of cholesterol confirmed that our strategy was feasible to simultaneously detect membrane and intracellular cholesterol at different cellular states. The proposed strategy exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility in a simple, cheap way, which opened a new door for studying clinic treatment of the cholesterol-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Kaige Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Muntel J, Gandhi T, Verbeke L, Bernhardt OM, Treiber T, Bruderer R, Reiter L. Surpassing 10 000 identified and quantified proteins in a single run by optimizing current LC-MS instrumentation and data analysis strategy. Mol Omics 2019; 15:348-360. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of chromatography and data analysis resulted in more than 10 000 proteins in a single shot at a validated FDR of 1% (two-species test) and revealed deep insights into the testis cancer physiology.
Collapse
|
110
|
Torres-Luquis O, Madden K, N'dri NM, Berg R, Olopade OF, Ngwa W, Abuidris D, Mittal S, Lyn-Cook B, Mohammed SI. LXR/RXR pathway signaling associated with triple-negative breast cancer in African American women. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 11:1-12. [PMID: 30588086 PMCID: PMC6304259 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s185960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more prevalent in African and African American (AA) women compared to European American (EA) women. African and AA women diagnosed with TNBC experience high frequencies of metastases and less favorable outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that this disparity may in fact be the result of the uniquely aggressive biology of African and AA disease. Purpose To understand the reasons for TNBC in AA aggressive biology, we designed the present study to examine the proteomic profiles of TNBC and luminal A (LA) breast cancer within and across patients’ racial demographic groups in order to identify proteins or molecular pathways altered in TNBC that offer some explanation for its aggressiveness and potential targets for treatment. Materials and methods Proteomic profiles of TNBC, LA tumors, and their adjacent normal tissues from AA and EA women were obtained using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and bioinformatics, and differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that a number of proteins have significantly altered in expression in LA tumors compared to TNBC, both within and across patients’ racial demographic groups. The differentially overexpressed proteins in TNBC (compared to LA) of AA samples were distinct from those in TNBC (compared to LA) of EA women samples. Among the signaling pathways altered in AA TNBC compared to EA TNBC are innate immune signaling, calpain protease, and pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathways. Furthermore, liver LXR/RXR signaling pathway was altered between LA and TNBC in AA women and may be due to the deficiency of the CYP7B1 enzyme responsible for cholesterol degradation. Conclusion These findings suggest that TNBC in AA women enriched in signaling pathways that are different from TNBC in EA women. Our study draws a link between LXR/RXR expression, cholesterol, obesity, and the TNBC in AA women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odalys Torres-Luquis
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,
| | - Krystal Madden
- Department of Learning Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N'sanh Mr N'dri
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,
| | - Richard Berg
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo F Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dafalla Abuidris
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Suresh Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Guo S, Lu J, Zhuo Y, Xiao M, Xue X, Zhong S, Shen X, Yin C, Li L, Chen Q, Zhu M, Chen B, Zhao M, Zheng L, Tao Y, Yin H. Endogenous cholesterol ester hydroperoxides modulate cholesterol levels and inhibit cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes and macrophages. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101069. [PMID: 30576926 PMCID: PMC6302155 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism represents one of the major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidized cholesterol esters (oxCE) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been implicated in CVD but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. We use a targeted lipidomic approach to demonstrate that levels of oxCEs in human plasma are associated with different types of CVD and significantly elevated in patients with myocardial infarction. We synthesized a major endogenous cholesterol ester hydroperoxide (CEOOH), cholesteryl-13(cis, trans)-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoate (ch-13(c,t)-HpODE) and show that this endogenous compound significantly increases plasma cholesterol level in mice while decrease cholesterol levels in mouse liver and peritoneal macrophages, which is primarily due to the inhibition of cholesterol uptake in macrophages and liver. Further studies indicate that inhibition of cholesterol uptake by ch-13(c,t)-HpODE in macrophages is dependent on LXRα-IDOL-LDLR pathway, whereas inhibition on cholesterol levels in hepatocytes is dependent on LXRα and LDLR. Consistently, these effects on cholesterol levels by ch-13(c,t)-HpODE are diminished in LDLR or LXRα knockout mice. Together, our study provides evidence that elevated plasma cholesterol levels by CEOOHs are primarily due to the inhibition of cholesterol uptake in the liver and macrophages, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinli Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunzhao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Pattanayak SP, Bose P, Sunita P, Siddique MUM, Lapenna A. Bergapten inhibits liver carcinogenesis by modulating LXR/PI3K/Akt and IDOL/LDLR pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:297-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
113
|
Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies to target energy metabolism in consensus molecular subtype 3 along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5601-5612. [PMID: 30341899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has been identified as the definition of consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), and CMS3 tumors exhibit energy metabolism signatures along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-activating mutations. This review summarizes the relationship between CMS3 tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism in CRC, especially for the dysregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review concentrates on the role of metabolic genes and factors and signaling pathways, which coupled with a primary energy source connected with the CMS3 associated with mutated KRAS, induce metabolic alterations. The strategies to target energy metabolism for the metabolic alterations in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, dysregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with mutated KRAS in CMS3 tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors or agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling may be clinically useful for CMS3 tumor treatment through a personalized approach for patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Moresco MA, Raccosta L, Corna G, Maggioni D, Soncini M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Russo V. Enzymatic Inactivation of Oxysterols in Breast Tumor Cells Constraints Metastasis Formation by Reprogramming the Metastatic Lung Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2251. [PMID: 30333826 PMCID: PMC6176086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that immune cells contribute to the formation of tumor metastases by regulating the pre-metastatic niche. Whether tumor-derived factors involved in primary tumor formation play a role in metastasis formation is poorly characterized. Oxysterols act as endogenous regulators of lipid metabolism through the interaction with the nuclear Liver X Receptors-(LXR)α and LXRβ. In the context of tumor development, they establish a pro-tumor environment by dampening antitumor immune responses, and by recruiting pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive neutrophils. However, the ability of LXR/oxysterol axis to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by exploiting immune cells, is still up to debate. In this study we provide evidence that oxysterols participate in the primary growth of orthotopically implanted 4T1 breast tumors by establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Furthermore, we show that oxysterols are involved in the metastatic spread of 4T1 breast tumors, since their enzymatic inactivation mediated by the sulfotransferase 2B1b, reduces the number of metastatic cells in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we provide evidence that oxysterols support the metastatic cascade by modifying the lung metastatic niche, particularly allowing the recruitment of tumor-promoting neutrophils. These results identify a possible new metastatic pathway to target in order to prevent metastasis formation in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Moresco
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raccosta
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matias Soncini
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Munir MT, Ponce C, Powell CA, Tarafdar K, Yanagita T, Choudhury M, Gollahon LS, Rahman SM. The contribution of cholesterol and epigenetic changes to the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:1-9. [PMID: 29733910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that cholesterol plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. Even though the mechanistic link between these two factors is not well understood, one possibility is that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism may affect lipid raft and membrane fluidity and can promote tumor development. Current studies have shown oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) as a critical regulator of cholesterol and breast cancer pathogenesis. This is supported by the significantly higher expression of CYP27A1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) in breast cancers. This enzyme is responsible for 27-HC synthesis from cholesterol. It has been shown that 27-HC can not only increase the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells but also stimulate tumor growth and metastasis in several breast cancer models. This phenomenon is surprising since 27-HC and other oxysterols generally reduce intracellular cholesterol levels by activating the liver X receptors (LXRs). Resolving this paradox will elucidate molecular pathways by which cholesterol, ER, and LXR are connected to breast cancer. These findings will also provide the rationale for evaluating pharmaceutical approaches that manipulate cholesterol or 27-HC synthesis in order to mitigate the impact of cholesterol on breast cancer pathophysiology. In addition to cholesterol, epigenetic changes including non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, have all been shown to control tumorigenesis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the link between altered cholesterol metabolism and epigenetic modification during breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha T Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shaikh M Rahman
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
117
|
Silvente-Poirot S, Dalenc F, Poirot M. The Effects of Cholesterol-Derived Oncometabolites on Nuclear Receptor Function in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4803-4808. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
118
|
Yamamoto Y, Sasaki N, Kumagai K, Takeuchi S, Toyooka T, Otani N, Wada K, Narita Y, Ichimura K, Namba H, Mori K, Tomiyama A. Involvement of Intracellular Cholesterol in Temozolomide-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Death. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2018; 58:296-302. [PMID: 29899179 PMCID: PMC6048351 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) still carries a poor prognosis due to the refractoriness against antitumor drugs. Temozolomide (TMZ), one of the few standard therapy drugs against GBM worldwide, has only limited effect due to acquired TMZ resistance of GBM. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic methods to overcome the TMZ resistance of GBM is urgent. The brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ in the human body, so modulation of cholesterol in tumor cells originating from the brain including GBM may be a tumor-specific therapeutic strategy including enhancement of TMZ effects. The unique lipid metabolism of glioma has recently been reported, but the involvement of intracellular cholesterol in TMZ therapy is yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the effect of modulation of intracellular cholesterol level on cancer therapy including GBM treatment and the implications for TMZ therapy. Our recent findings about the involvement of intracellular cholesterol in TMZ-induced GBM cell death are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Nobuyoshi Sasaki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Kumagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College
| | | | - Naoki Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College
| | - Kojiro Wada
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hiroki Namba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Ogura S, Yoshida Y, Kurahashi T, Egawa M, Furuta K, Kiso S, Kamada Y, Hikita H, Eguchi H, Ogita H, Doki Y, Mori M, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Targeting the mevalonate pathway is a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit oncogenic FoxM1 transcription factor in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21022-21035. [PMID: 29765517 PMCID: PMC5940385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. The mevalonate pathway in lipid metabolism has been implicated as a potential target of cancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of the Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor in HCC development has been well documented, however, its involvement in cancer metabolism of HCC has not been fully determined. Here, we hypothesized that FoxM1 is involved in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis in HCC. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), resulted in reduced expression of FoxM1 and increased cell death in human hepatoma cells. Re-exposure of mevalonate, a product of HMGCR, restored these effects. Likewise, knockdown of HMGCR reduced FoxM1 expression, indicating that FoxM1 expression was regulated by the mevalonate pathway in HCC. Mechanistically, protein geranylgeranylation was found to be responsible for FoxM1 expression and geranylgeranylated proteins, including RhoA, Rac1 or Cdc42, were shown to be involved in this process. In surgically resected human HCC tissues, the gene expression of FoxM1 had a positive correlation with that of the mevalonate pathway-related genes, such as HMGCR or sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Furthermore, the gene expression of FoxM1 along with that of HMGCR or SREBP2 defined prognosis of HCC patients, suggesting the clinical significance of the mevalonate-FoxM1 pathway in human HCC. Our data indicate that FoxM1 links the mevalonate pathway to oncogenic signals in HCC. Thus, we propose a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit FoxM1 by targeting the mevalonate pathway for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kurahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunimaro Furuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
In silico identification of small molecules as novel LXR agonists for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cancer. J Mol Model 2018; 24:57. [PMID: 29450657 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, mainly serves as a reverse cholesterol transporter in lipid metabolism. It has been demonstrated that LXR is a promising target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. LXR is also involved in cancer metabolism, glucose homeostasis, immunity, and various physiological processes. The antitumor function of LXR has become of great interest to researchers in recent years. However, while it is believed that activating LXR with small molecules could be a promising approach to cancer treatment, effective drugs that target LXR are yet to be reported. To find compounds that are potentially capable of activating LXR, we utilized a high-throughput screening method to search the MolMall database for suitable compounds. Seven candidates with lower GB/SA Hawkins scores than the reference ligand T0901317 were identified. Based on the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy analysis, and an analysis of the agonism mechanism, ZINC90512020 and ZINC3845032 were predicted to have high affinities for LXR and high relative stabilization, and were therefore selected as potential LXR agonists. Both of these compounds will undergo further development with a view to utilizing them for the treatment of LXR-related cardiovascular diseases or cancers.
Collapse
|
121
|
Characterisation of the oxysterol metabolising enzyme pathway in mismatch repair proficient and deficient colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46509-46527. [PMID: 27341022 PMCID: PMC5216813 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidised derivatives of cholesterol, formed by the enzymatic activity of several cytochrome P450 enzymes and tumour-derived oxysterols have been implicated in tumour growth and survival. The aim of this study was to profile the expression of oxysterol metabolising enzymes in primary colorectal cancer and assess the association between expression and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a colorectal cancer tissue microarray containing 650 primary colorectal cancers using monoclonal antibodies to CYP2R1, CYP7B1, CYP8B1, CYP27A1, CYP39A1, CYP46A1 and CYP51A1, which we have developed. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was used to examine the overall relationship of oxysterol metabolising enzyme expression with outcome and based on this identify an oxysterol metabolising enzyme signature associated with prognosis. Cluster analysis of the whole patient cohort identified a good prognosis group (mean survival=146 months 95% CI 127-165 months) that had a significantly better survival (δ2=12.984, p<0.001, HR=1.983, 95% CI 1.341-2.799) than the poor prognosis group (mean survival=107 months, 95% CI 98-123 months). For the mismatch repair proficient cohort, the good prognosis group had a significantly better survival (δ2=8.985, p=0.003, HR=1.845, 95% CI 1.227-2.774) than the poor prognosis group. Multi-variate analysis showed that cluster group was independently prognostically significant in both the whole patient cohort (p=0.02, HR=1.554, 95% CI 1.072-2.252) and the mismatch repair proficient group (p=0.04, HR=1.530, 95% CI 1.014-2.310). Individual oxysterol metabolising enzymes are overexpressed in colorectal cancer and an oxysterol metabolising enzyme expression profile associated with prognosis has been identified in the whole patient cohort and in mismatch repair proficient colorectal cancers.
Collapse
|
122
|
Jetten AM, Takeda Y, Slominski A, Kang HS. Retinoic acid-related Orphan Receptor γ (RORγ): connecting sterol metabolism to regulation of the immune system and autoimmune disease. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018; 8:66-80. [PMID: 29568812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and its metabolites are bioactive lipids that interact with and regulate the activity of various proteins and signaling pathways that are implicated in the control of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies revealed that retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, RORα and γ, members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor superfamily, exhibit quite a wide binding specificity for a number of sterols. Several cholesterol intermediates and metabolites function as natural ligands of RORα and RORγ and act as agonists or inverse agonists. Changes in cholesterol homeostasis that alter the level or type of sterol metabolites in cells, can either enhance or inhibit ROR transcriptional activity that subsequently result in changes in the physiological processes regulated by RORs, including various immune responses and metabolic pathways. Consequently, this might negatively or positively impact pathologies, in which RORs are implicated, such as autoimmune disease, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and several neurological disorders. Best studied are the links between cholesterol metabolism, RORγt activity, and their regulation of Th17 differentiation and autoimmune disease. The discovery that Th17-dependent inflammation is significantly attenuated in RORγ-deficient mice in several experimental autoimmune disease models, initiated a search for ROR modulators that led to the identification of a number of small molecular weight RORγ inverse agonists. The inverse agonists suppress Th17 differentiation and IL-17 production and protect against autoimmunity. Together, these studies suggest that RORγt may provide an attractive therapeutic target in the management of several (inflammatory) diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yukimasa Takeda
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrzej Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Saxena N, Kaur AP, Chandra NC. Differential Response of B Cells to an Immunogen, a Mitogen and a Chemical Carcinogen in a Mouse Model System. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:81-90. [PMID: 29373896 PMCID: PMC5844640 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: B cells are specific antibody generating cells which respond to foreign intruders in the circulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative immunogenic potentials of three well established agent types viz. an immunogen, a mitogen and a carcinogen, by following B cell responses to their presence in a mouse model system. Methods: Mice were treated with tetanus toxoid (immunogen), poke weed mitogen (typical mitogen), and benzo-α- pyrene (carcinogen) and generated B cell populations were determined in isolated splenic lymphocytes (splenocytes) by flow cytometry using specific anti-B cell marker antibodies. Flow cytometric estimation of LDL receptor (LDLR) expression, along with associated B cell markers, was also conducted. Kit based estimation of serum IgG, western blotting for LDLR estimation on total splenocytes and spectrometry for cholesterol and serum protein estimation were further undertaken. Student’s T-tests and one way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni method were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The mitogen was found to better stimulate B cell marker expression than the immunogen, although the latter was more effective at inducing antibody production. The chemical carcinogen benzo-α-pyrene at low concentration acted potentially like a mitogen but almost zero immunity was apparent at a carcinogenic dose, with a low profile for LDLR expression and intracellular cholesterol. Conclusion: The findings in our study demonstrate an impact of concentration of BaP on generation of humoral immunity. Probably by immunosuppression through restriction of B-cell populations and associated antibodies, benzo-α-pyrene may exerts carcinogenicity. The level of cholesterol was found to be a pivotal target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Castro Navas FF, Giorgi G, Maggioni D, Pacciarini M, Russo V, Marinozzi M. C24-hydroxylated stigmastane derivatives as Liver X Receptor agonists. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 212:44-50. [PMID: 29352964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are stucturally correlated to the endogenous ligands of Liver X Receptor (LXR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that has emerged as an attractive drug target due to its ability to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling. Natural and semi-synthetic phytosterol derivatives characterized by the presence of side-chain oxygenated functions have shown to be able to modulate LXR activity. Here, we describe the efficient synthesis of four stigmastane derivatives, endowed with a hydroxyl group at C24 position, namely (24R)- and (24S)-stigmasta-5,28-diene-3β,24-ols (also referred to as saringosterols, 10a and 10b) and (24R)- and (24S)-stigmasta-5-ene-3β,24-ols (11a and 11b), starting from the readily available stigmasterol. Thanks to X-ray crystallography the absolute configuration of the newly created chiral centers was definitively assigned for all the four compounds. The subsequent luciferase assays with GAL-4 chimeric receptors evidenced the ability of the two 24(S)-epimers, 10b and 11b, to interact with LXRs, showing the same degree of affinity as (22R)-hydroxycholesterol (1). With regard to the isoform selectivity both the derivatives 10b and 11b showed a preference for LXRβ, up to 4-fold in terms of efficacy for 11b. The gene expression profiling of (24S)-stigmasta-5,28-diene-3β,24-ol (10a) and (24S)-stigmasta-5-ene-3β,24-ol (11a) demonstrated the capability of both the compounds to induce the expression of four well-known LXR target genes, such as ABCA1, SREBP1c, FASN, and SCD1 in U937 monocytic cell line, thus supporting the hypothesis they were LXR positive modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Pacciarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Robinson GA, Waddington KE, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Transcriptional Regulation of T-Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Plasma Membrane Lipid Rafts and T-Cell Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1636. [PMID: 29225604 PMCID: PMC5705553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cholesterol and glycosphingolipids are enriched in the plasma membrane (PM) and form signaling platforms called lipid rafts, essential for T-cell activation and function. Moreover, changes in PM lipid composition affect the biophysical properties of lipid rafts and have a role in defining functional T-cell phenotypes. Here, we review the role of transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism including liver X receptors α/β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, estrogen receptors α/β (ERα/β), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in T-cells. These receptors lie at the interface between lipid metabolism and immune cell function and are endogenously activated by lipids and/or hormones. Importantly, they regulate cellular cholesterol, fatty acid, glycosphingolipid, and phospholipid levels but are also known to modulate a broad spectrum of immune responses. The current evidence supporting a role for lipid metabolism pathways in controlling immune cell activation by influencing PM lipid raft composition in health and disease, and the potential for targeting lipid biosynthesis pathways to control unwanted T-cell activation in autoimmunity is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Robinson
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E. Waddington
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Yamamoto Y, Tomiyama A, Sasaki N, Yamaguchi H, Shirakihara T, Nakashima K, Kumagai K, Takeuchi S, Toyooka T, Otani N, Wada K, Narita Y, Ichimura K, Sakai R, Namba H, Mori K. Intracellular cholesterol level regulates sensitivity of glioblastoma cells against temozolomide-induced cell death by modulation of caspase-8 activation via death receptor 5-accumulation and activation in the plasma membrane lipid raft. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1292-1299. [PMID: 29162448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Development of resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma (GBM) after continuous treatment with TMZ is one of the critical problems in clinical GBM therapy. Intracellular cholesterol regulates cancer cell biology, but whether intracellular cholesterol is involved in TMZ resistance of GBM cells remains unclear. The involvement of intracellular cholesterol in acquired resistance against TMZ in GBM cells was investigated. Intracellular cholesterol levels were measured in human U251 MG cells with acquired TMZ resistance (U251-R cells) and TMZ-sensitive control U251 MG cells (U251-Con cells), and found that the intracellular cholesterol level was significantly lower in U251-R cells than in U251-Con cells. In addition, treatment by intracellular cholesterol remover, methyl-beta cyclodextrin (MβCD), or intracellular cholesterol inducer, soluble cholesterol (Chol), regulated TMZ-induced U251-Con cell death in line with changes in intracellular cholesterol level. Involvement of death receptor 5 (DR5), a death receptor localized in the plasma membrane, was evaluated. TMZ without or with MβCD and/or Chol caused accumulation of DR5 into the plasma membrane lipid raft and formed a complex with caspase-8, an extrinsic caspase cascade inducer, reflected in the induction of cell death. In addition, treatment with caspase-8 inhibitor or knockdown of DR5 dramatically suppressed U251-Con cell death induced by combination treatment with TMZ, MβCD, and Chol. Combined treatment of Chol with TMZ reversed the TMZ resistance of U251-R cells and another GBM cell model with acquired TMZ resistance, whereas clinical antihypercholesterolemia agents at physiological concentrations suppressed TMZ-induced cell death of U251-Con cells. These findings suggest that intracellular cholesterol level affects TMZ treatment of GBM mediated via a DR5-caspase-8 mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Sasaki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, 2-2 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Shirakihara
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakashima
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kumagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Terushige Toyooka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Naoki Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Wada
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Division of Refractory and Advanced Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroki Namba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Leignadier J, Dalenc F, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Improving the efficacy of hormone therapy in breast cancer: The role of cholesterol metabolism in SERM-mediated autophagy, cell differentiation and death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
128
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Reception and transmission of signals across the plasma membrane has been a function generally attributed to transmembrane proteins. In the last 3 years, however, a growing number of reports have further acknowledged important contributions played by membrane lipids in the process of signal transduction. RECENT FINDINGS In particular, the constituency of membrane lipids can regulate how proteins with SH2 domains and molecules like K-Ras expose their catalytic domains to the cytosol and interact with effectors and second messengers. Recent reports have also shown that the degree of saturation of phospholipids can reduce the activation of certain G-protein-coupled receptors, and signaling downstream to Toll-like receptor 4 with consequences to nuclear factor kappa B activation and inflammation. Levels of specific gangliosides in the membrane were reported to activate integrins in a cell-autonomous manner affecting tumor cell migration. Furthermore, high resolution of the association of cholesterol with the smoothened receptor has clarified its participation in sonic hedgehog signaling. These are some of the key advancements that have further propelled our understanding of the broad versatile contributions of membrane lipids in signal transduction. SUMMARY As we gain definitive detail regarding the impact of lipid-protein interactions and their consequences to cell function, the options for therapeutic targeting expand with the possibility of greater specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sunshine
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, UCLA
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Marinozzi M, Castro Navas FF, Maggioni D, Carosati E, Bocci G, Carloncelli M, Giorgi G, Cruciani G, Fontana R, Russo V. Side-Chain Modified Ergosterol and Stigmasterol Derivatives as Liver X Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6548-6562. [PMID: 28741954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of stigmasterol and ergosterol derivatives, characterized by the presence of oxygenated functions at C-22 and/or C-23 positions, were designed as potential liver X receptor (LXR) agonists. The absolute configuration of the newly created chiral centers was definitively assigned for all the corresponding compounds. Among the 16 synthesized compounds, 21, 27, and 28 were found to be selective LXRα agonists, whereas 20, 22, and 25 showed good selectivity for the LXRβ isoform. In particular, 25 showed the same degree of potency as 22R-HC (3) at LXRβ, while it was virtually inactive at LXRα (EC50 = 14.51 μM). Interestingly, 13, 19, 20, and 25 showed to be LXR target gene-selective modulators, by strongly inducing the expression of ABCA1, while poorly or not activating the lipogenic genes SREBP1 and SCD1 or FASN, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Marinozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Maggioni
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele (IRCCS) , Via Olgettina, 58-20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carosati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bocci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Carloncelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena , Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele (IRCCS) , Via Olgettina, 58-20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele (IRCCS) , Via Olgettina, 58-20132 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Fessler MB. The challenges and promise of targeting the Liver X Receptors for treatment of inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:1-12. [PMID: 28720427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are oxysterol-activated transcription factors that upregulate a suite of genes that together promote coordinated mobilization of excess cholesterol from cells and from the body. The LXRs, like other nuclear receptors, are anti-inflammatory, inhibiting signal-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory genes by nuclear factor-κB, activating protein-1, and other transcription factors. Synthetic LXR agonists have been shown to ameliorate atherosclerosis and a wide range of inflammatory disorders in preclinical animal models. Although this has suggested potential for application to human disease, systemic LXR activation is complicated by hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia, consequences of lipogenic gene induction in the liver by LXRα. The past several years have seen the development of multiple advanced LXR therapeutics aiming to avoid hepatic lipogenesis, including LXRβ-selective agonists, tissue-selective agonists, and transrepression-selective agonists. Although several synthetic LXR agonists have made it to phase I clinical trials, none have progressed due to unforeseen adverse reactions or undisclosed reasons. Nonetheless, several sophisticated pharmacologic strategies, including structure-guided drug design, cell-specific drug targeting, as well as non-systemic drug routes have been initiated and remain to be comprehensively explored. In addition, recent studies have identified potential utility for targeting the LXRs during therapy with other agents, such as glucocorticoids and rexinoids. Despite the pitfalls encountered to date in translation of LXR agonists to human disease, it appears likely that this accelerating field will ultimately yield effective and safe applications for LXR targeting in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fessler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Kloudova A, Guengerich FP, Soucek P. The Role of Oxysterols in Human Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:485-496. [PMID: 28410994 PMCID: PMC5474130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol formed in the human body or ingested in the diet. By modulating the activity of many proteins [e.g., liver X receptors (LXRs), oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBPs), some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters], oxysterols can affect many cellular functions and influence various physiological processes (e.g., cholesterol metabolism, membrane fluidity regulation, intracellular signaling pathways). Therefore, the role of oxysterols is also important in pathological conditions (e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 2, neurodegenerative disorders). Finally, current evidence suggests that oxysterols play a role in malignancies such as breast, prostate, colon, and bile duct cancer. This review summarizes the physiological importance of oxysterols in the human body with a special emphasis on their roles in various tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Kloudova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague 100 42, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Marwarha G, Raza S, Hammer K, Ghribi O. 27-hydroxycholesterol: A novel player in molecular carcinogenesis of breast and prostate cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:108-126. [PMID: 28583434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an etiological role for hypercholesterolemia in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and prostate cancer (PCa). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie and mediate the hypercholesterolemia-fostered increased risk for breast cancer and PCa are yet to be determined. The discovery that the most abundant cholesterol oxidized metabolite in the plasma, 27 hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and an agonist of Liver X receptors (LXR) partially fills the void in our understanding and knowledge of the mechanisms that may link hypercholesterolemia to development and progression of breast cancer and PCa. The wide spectrum and repertoire of SERM and LXR-dependent effects of 27-OHC in the context of all facets and aspects of breast cancer and prostate cancer biology are reviewed in this manuscript in a very comprehensive manner. This review highlights recent findings pertaining to the role of 27-OHC in breast cancer and PCa and delineates the signaling mechanisms involved in the governing of different facets of tumor biology, that include tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. We also discuss the limitations of contemporary studies and lack of our comprehension of the entire gamut of effects exerted by 27-OHC that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of breast cancer and PCa. We unveil and propose potential future directions of research that may further our understanding of the role of 27-OHC in breast cancer and PCa and help design therapeutic interventions against endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer and PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Shaneabbas Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Kimberly Hammer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, Fargo VA Health Care System, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Wu J, Wan F, Sheng H, Shi G, Shen Y, Lin G, Dai B, Zhu Y, Ye D. NR1H3 Expression is a Prognostic Factor of Overall Survival for Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:852-860. [PMID: 28382148 PMCID: PMC5381174 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a class of transcription factors that regulate many cellular functions through manipulation of gene expression and also play important roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, progression and prognosis in various kinds of cancers according to recent studies. This work aimed to determine the predictive ability of NRs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients and methods: A total of 308 MIBC patients with complete clinicopathological and RNASeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were collected for filtration. Genes showed clear correlations with overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were further validated in 123 MIBC patients recruited consecutively from 2008 to 2012 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier plot were used to assess the relative factors. Results: In TCGA cohort, we found that high NR1H3 (HR=0.779, 95% CI: 0.634 - 0.957), NR2C1 (HR=0.673, 95% CI: 0.458 - 0.989) and NR2F6 (HR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.574 - 0.980) expressions were independent factors of favorable OS, while only low NR1H3 (log-rank test, P=0.0076) and NR2F6 (log-rank test, P=0.0395) expressions had the ability to predict poor prognosis for RFS. Further, in FUSCC validating cohort, we confirmed that low NR1H3 expression level was independent factor of poor OS (HR=1.295, 95% CI: 1.064 - 1.576) and it had the ability to predict poor RFS (log-rank test, P=0.0059). Conclusions: Low NR1H3 expression level is an independent prognostic factor of poor OS, and can also predict worse RFS in MIBC patients. Our “TCGA filtrating and local database validating” model can help reveal more prognostic biomarkers and cast a new light in understanding certain gene function in MIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Sheng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Lin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Ji L, Zhang B, Zhao G. Liver X receptor α (LXRα) promoted invasion and EMT of gastric cancer cells by regulation of NF-κB activity. Hum Cell 2017; 30:124-132. [PMID: 28091828 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of Liver X receptor α (LXRα) has been frequently reported in various types of cancers excluding gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, the role of LXRα in human GC has not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of LXRα down-regulation on invasion and EMT of GC. The expression of LXRα in GC cell lines was detected by real-time PCR. The LXRα siRNA was transiently transfected into GC cells using Lipofectamine™ 2000 reagent. Subsequently, cell invasive ability was evaluated by Transwell assays. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to determined the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, and Twist in GC cells. In addition, the effect of LXRα down-regulation on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway was explored by Western blot. From our results, we found that the expression of LXRα was significantly increased in GC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LXRα suppressed the invasive ability of GC cells. The levels of MMP-2 and -9 were dramatically decreased by down-regulating LXRα. In addition, we found a decrease of N-cadherin, Twist, and Slug expressions and an increase of E-cadherin expression, but no influence on the expression levels of Vimentin and Snail. We also found that LXRα down-regulation might suppress the phosphorylation of Akt, NF-κB, and IκB. Collectively, our results indicated that down-regulation of LXRα was shown to suppress invasion and EMT of GC cells by decreasing the expressions of related proteins through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Villa GR, Hulce JJ, Zanca C, Bi J, Ikegami S, Cahill GL, Gu Y, Lum KM, Masui K, Yang H, Rong X, Hong C, Turner KM, Liu F, Hon GC, Jenkins D, Martini M, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Cloughesy TF, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK, Tontonoz P, Gahman TC, Shiau AK, Cravatt BF, Mischel PS. An LXR-Cholesterol Axis Creates a Metabolic Co-Dependency for Brain Cancers. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:683-693. [PMID: 27746144 PMCID: PMC5479636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors targeting growth factor receptors have failed to show efficacy for brain cancers, potentially due to their inability to achieve sufficient drug levels in the CNS. Targeting non-oncogene tumor co-dependencies provides an alternative approach, particularly if drugs with high brain penetration can be identified. Here we demonstrate that the highly lethal brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) is remarkably dependent on cholesterol for survival, rendering these tumors sensitive to Liver X receptor (LXR) agonist-dependent cell death. We show that LXR-623, a clinically viable, highly brain-penetrant LXRα-partial/LXRβ-full agonist selectively kills GBM cells in an LXRβ- and cholesterol-dependent fashion, causing tumor regression and prolonged survival in mouse models. Thus, a metabolic co-dependency provides a pharmacological means to kill growth factor-activated cancers in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genaro R Villa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hulce
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ciro Zanca
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shiro Ikegami
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gabrielle L Cahill
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth M Lum
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Huijun Yang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xin Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristen M Turner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary C Hon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Jenkins
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Martini
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy C Gahman
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Lanterna C, Musumeci A, Raccosta L, Corna G, Moresco M, Maggioni D, Fontana R, Doglioni C, Bordignon C, Traversari C, Russo V. The administration of drugs inhibiting cholesterol/oxysterol synthesis is safe and increases the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regimens in tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1303-1315. [PMID: 27520505 PMCID: PMC11029546 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived metabolites dampen tumor-infiltrating immune cells and antitumor immune responses. Among the various metabolites produced by tumors, we recently showed that cholesterol oxidized products, namely oxysterols, favor tumor growth through the inhibition of DC migration toward lymphoid organs and by promoting the recruitment of pro-tumor neutrophils within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we tested different drugs capable of blocking cholesterol/oxysterol formation. In particular, we tested efficacy and safety of different administration schedules, and of immunotherapy-based combination of a class of compounds, namely zaragozic acids, which inhibit cholesterol pathway downstream of mevalonate formation, thus leaving intact the formation of the isoprenoids, which are required for the maturation of proteins involved in the immune cell function. We show that zaragozic acids inhibit the in vivo growth of the RMA lymphoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) without inducing side effects. Tumor growth inhibition requires an intact immune system, as immunodeficient tumor-bearing mice do not respond to zaragozic acid treatment. Of note, the effect of zaragozic acids is accompanied by a marked reduction in the LXR target genes Abcg1, Mertk, Scd1 and Srebp-1c in the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, zoledronate, which blocks also isoprenoid formation, did not control the LLC tumor growth. Finally, we show that zaragozic acids potentiate the antitumor effects of active and adoptive immunotherapy, significantly prolonging the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with the combo zaragozic acids and TAA-loaded DCs. This study identifies zaragozic acids as new antitumor compounds exploitable for the treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Oxysterols/metabolism
- Tricarboxylic Acids/therapeutic use
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lanterna
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- MolMed S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Musumeci
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Immunology, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Raccosta
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Moresco
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bordignon
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- MolMed S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, in particular the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), is an essential cellular process that converts nutrients into metabolic intermediates for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and the generation of signalling molecules. This Review explores how different aspects of FA synthesis promote tumorigenesis and tumour progression. FA synthesis has received substantial attention as a potential target for cancer therapy, but strategies to target this process have not yet translated into clinical practice. Furthermore, efforts to target this pathway must consider the influence of the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Röhrig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
24-Hydroxycholesterol participates in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6219-E6227. [PMID: 27671648 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613332113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in the tumor microenvironment may be reprogrammed by tumor-derived metabolites. Cholesterol-oxidized products, namely oxysterols, have been shown to favor tumor growth directly by promoting tumor cell growth and indirectly by dampening antitumor immune responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing oxysterol generation within tumor microenvironments remain elusive. We recently showed that tumor-derived oxysterols recruit neutrophils endowed with protumoral activities, such as neoangiogenesis. Here, we show that hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α) controls the overexpression of the enzyme Cyp46a1, which generates the oxysterol 24-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC) in a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) model commonly used to study neoangiogenesis. The activation of the HIF-1α-24S-HC axis ultimately leads to the induction of the angiogenic switch through the positioning of proangiogenic neutrophils in proximity to Cyp46a1+ islets. Pharmacologic blockade or genetic inactivation of oxysterols controls pNET tumorigenesis by dampening the 24S-HC-neutrophil axis. Finally, we show that in some human pNET samples Cyp46a1 transcripts are overexpressed, which correlate with the HIF-1α target VEGF and with tumor diameter. This study reveals a layer in the angiogenic switch of pNETs and identifies a therapeutic target for pNET patients.
Collapse
|
139
|
Kaneko T, Kanno C, Ichikawa-Tomikawa N, Kashiwagi K, Yaginuma N, Ohkoshi C, Tanaka M, Sugino T, Imura T, Hasegawa H, Chiba H. Liver X receptor reduces proliferation of human oral cancer cells by promoting cholesterol efflux via up-regulation of ABCA1 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33345-57. [PMID: 26452260 PMCID: PMC4741770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) contribute not only to maintain cholesterol homeostasis but also to control cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the LXR-mediated anti-proliferative effects are largely unknown. Here we show, by immunohistochemistry, that LXRα and LXRβ are differentially distributed in oral stratified squamous epithelia. By immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses, we also reveal that LXRα is abundantly expressed in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HOSCC) tissues and cell lines. Cell counting, BrdU labeling and cell cycle assay indicated that LXR stimulation led to significant reduction of proliferation in HOSCC cells. Importantly, our study highlights, by using RNA interference, that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-accelerated cholesterol efflux is critical for the growth inhibitory action of LXRs in HOSCC cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that LXR activation reduces the growth of xenograft tumour of HOSCC cells in mice accompanied by the upregulation of ABCA1 expression and the decline of cholesterol levels in the tumour. These findings strongly suggested that targeting the LXR-regulated cholesterol transport, yielding in lowering intracellular cholesterol levels, could be a promising therapeutic option for certain types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuharu Kaneko
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa-Tomikawa
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Korehito Kashiwagi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nanae Yaginuma
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ohkoshi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuko Tanaka
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Imura
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Savic D, Ramaker RC, Roberts BS, Dean EC, Burwell TC, Meadows SK, Cooper SJ, Garabedian MJ, Gertz J, Myers RM. Distinct gene regulatory programs define the inhibitory effects of liver X receptors and PPARG on cancer cell proliferation. Genome Med 2016; 8:74. [PMID: 27401066 PMCID: PMC4940857 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver X receptors (LXRs, NR1H2 and NR1H3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, NR1C3) nuclear receptor transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of energy homeostasis. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that these metabolic regulators also impact tumor cell proliferation. However, a comprehensive temporal molecular characterization of the LXR and PPARG gene regulatory responses in tumor cells is still lacking. Methods To better define the underlying molecular processes governing the genetic control of cellular growth in response to extracellular metabolic signals, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide characterization of the temporal regulatory cascades mediated by LXR and PPARG signaling in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For this analysis, we applied a multi-tiered approach that incorporated cellular phenotypic assays, gene expression profiles, chromatin state dynamics, and nuclear receptor binding patterns. Results Our results illustrate that the activation of both nuclear receptors inhibited cell proliferation and further decreased glutathione levels, consistent with increased cellular oxidative stress. Despite a common metabolic reprogramming, the gene regulatory network programs initiated by these nuclear receptors were widely distinct. PPARG generated a rapid and short-term response while maintaining a gene activator role. By contrast, LXR signaling was prolonged, with initial, predominantly activating functions that transitioned to repressive gene regulatory activities at late time points. Conclusions Through the use of a multi-tiered strategy that integrated various genomic datasets, our data illustrate that distinct gene regulatory programs elicit common phenotypic effects, highlighting the complexity of the genome. These results further provide a detailed molecular map of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells through LXR and PPARG activation. As ligand-inducible TFs, these nuclear receptors can potentially serve as attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0328-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Ryne C Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Brian S Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Emma C Dean
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Todd C Burwell
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Departments of Microbiology and Urology, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Sheng XX, Sun YJ, Zhan Y, Qu YR, Wang HX, Luo M, Liao Y, Qiu XS, Ding C, Fan HJ, Mao X. The LXR ligand GW3965 inhibits Newcastle disease virus infection by affecting cholesterol homeostasis. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2491-501. [PMID: 27357231 PMCID: PMC7087268 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious disease that affects most species of birds. Its causative pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also exhibits considerable oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of NDV will help us design efficient vaccines and novel anticancer strategies. GW3965, a widely used synthetic ligand of liver X receptor (LXR), induces the expression of LXRs and its downstream genes, including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 regulates cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we found that GW3965 inhibited NDV infection in DF-1 cells. It also inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the infection. Further studies showed that GW3965 exerted its inhibitory effects on virus entry and replication. NDV infection increased the mRNA levels of several lipogenic genes but decreased the ABCA1 mRNA level. Overexpression of ABCA1 inhibited NDV infection and reduced the cholesterol content in DF-1 cells, but when the cholesterol was replenished, NDV infection was restored. GW3965 treatment prevented cholesterol accumulation in the perinuclear area of the infected cells. In summary, our studies suggest that GW3965 inhibits NDV infection, probably by affecting cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xiang Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ablation of Liver X receptors α and β leads to spontaneous peripheral squamous cell lung cancer in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7614-9. [PMID: 27335465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607590113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of peripheral squamous cell lung cancer (PSCCa) remains unknown. Here, we show that this condition spontaneously develops in mice in which the genes for two oxysterol receptors, Liver X Receptor (LXR) α (Nr1h3) and β (Nr1h2), are inactivated. By 1 y of age, most of these mice have to be euthanized because of severe dyspnea. Starting at 3 mo, the lungs of LXRα,β(Dko) mice, but not of LXRα or LXRβ single knockout mice, progressively accumulate foam cells, so that by 1 y, the lungs are covered by a "golden coat." There is infiltration of inflammatory cells and progressive accumulation of lipid in the alveolar wall, type 2 pneumocytes, and macrophages. By 14 mo, there are three histological lesions: one resembling adenomatous hyperplasia, one squamous metaplasia, and one squamous cell carcinoma characterized by expression of transformation-related protein (p63), sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), cytokeratin 14 (CK14), and cytokeratin 13 (CK13) and absence of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), and prosurfactant protein C (pro-SPC). RNA sequencing analysis at 12 mo confirmed a massive increase in markers of M1 macrophages and lymphocytes. The data suggest a previously unidentified etiology of PSCCa: cholesterol dysregulation and M1 macrophage-predominant lung inflammation combined with damage to, and aberrant repair of, lung tissue, particularly the peripheral parenchyma. The results raise the possibility that components of the LXR signaling may be useful targets in the treatment of PSCCa.
Collapse
|
143
|
Zuo M, Rashid A, Wang Y, Jain A, Li D, Behari A, Kapoor VK, Koay EJ, Chang P, Vauthey JN, Li Y, Espinoza JA, Roa JC, Javle M. RNA sequencing-based analysis of gallbladder cancer reveals the importance of the liver X receptor and lipid metabolism in gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35302-12. [PMID: 27167107 PMCID: PMC5085230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy. Although surgical resection may be curable, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced unresectable disease stage. Cholelithiasis is the major risk factor; however the pathogenesis of the disease, from gallstone cholecystitis to cancer, is still not understood. To understand the molecular genetic underpinnings of this cancer and explore novel therapeutic targets for GBC, we examined the key genes and pathways involved in GBC using RNA sequencing. We performed gene expression analysis of 32 cases of surgically-resected GBC along with normal gallbladder tissue controls. We observed that 519 genes were differentially expressed between GBC and normal GB mucosal controls. The liver X receptor (LXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) /RXR pathways were the top canonical pathways involved in GBC. Key genes in these pathways, including SERPINB3 and KLK1, were overexpressed in GBC, especially in female GBC patients. Additionally, ApoA1 gene expression suppressed in GBC as compared with normal control tissues. LXR and FXR genes, known to be important in lipid metabolism also function as tumor suppressors and their down regulation appears to be critical for GBC pathogenesis. LXR agonists may have therapeutic value and as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Apurva Jain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anu Behari
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Kapoor
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Eugene J. Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean Nicholas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaime A. Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Miao H, Ou J, Peng Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hao L, Xie G, Wang Z, Pang X, Ruan Z, Li J, Yu L, Xue B, Shi H, Shi C, Liang H. Macrophage ABHD5 promotes colorectal cancer growth by suppressing spermidine production by SRM. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11716. [PMID: 27189574 PMCID: PMC4873969 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in stromal cells plays an essential role in regulating tumour growth. The metabolic activities of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify TAM-derived factors and their roles in the development of CRC. We demonstrate that ABHD5, a lipolytic co-activator, is ectopically expressed in CRC-associated macrophages. We demonstrate in vitro and in mouse models that macrophage ABHD5 potentiates growth of CRC cells. Mechanistically, ABHD5 suppresses spermidine synthase (SRM)-dependent spermidine production in macrophages by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species-dependent expression of C/EBPɛ, which activates transcription of the srm gene. Notably, macrophage-specific ABHD5 transgene-induced CRC growth in mice can be prevented by an additional SRM transgene in macrophages. Altogether, our results show that the lipolytic factor ABHD5 suppresses SRM-dependent spermidine production in TAMs and potentiates the growth of CRC. The ABHD5/SRM/spermidine axis in TAMs might represent a potential target for therapy. ABHD5 is a co-activator of lipolysis. Here the authors show that in tumour-associated macrophages ABHD5 inhibits ROS-dependent induction of C/EBPɛ, which transcriptionally activates spermidine synthase, and that blocking ABHD5 delays colorectal cancer growth in mice by inhibiting spermidine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Miao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lijun Hao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xueli Pang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Stadler
- aInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig bLIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University cUniversity Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e189. [PMID: 26807644 PMCID: PMC4728678 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 920] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including metabolic, immune and central nervous system disorders, as well as cancer, are the consequence of an alteration in lipid metabolic enzymes and their pathways. This illustrates the fundamental role played by lipids in maintaining membrane homeostasis and normal function in healthy cells. We reviewed the major lipid dysfunctions occurring during tumor development, as determined using systems biology approaches. In it, we provide detailed insight into the essential roles exerted by specific lipids in mediating intracellular oncogenic signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress and bidirectional crosstalk between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Finally, we summarize the advances in ongoing research aimed at exploiting the dependency of cancer cells on lipids to abolish tumor progression.
Collapse
|
147
|
Raccosta L, Fontana R, Corna G, Maggioni D, Moresco M, Russo V. Cholesterol metabolites and tumor microenvironment: the road towards clinical translation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:111-7. [PMID: 26646851 PMCID: PMC11028928 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment focusing on immune cells has recently become a standard of care for some tumors. Indeed, antibodies blocking immune checkpoints (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 mAbs) have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of some solid tumors based upon successes in many clinical trials. Although tumor metabolism has always attracted the attention of tumor biologists, only recently have oncologists renewed their interest in this field of tumor biology research. This has highlighted the possibility to pharmacologically target rate-limiting enzymes along key metabolic pathways of tumor cells, such as lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis. Altered tumor metabolism has also been shown to influence the functionality of the tumor microenvironment as a whole, particularly the immune cell component of thereof. Cholesterol, oxysterols and Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been investigated in different tumor models. Recent in vitro and in vivo results point to their involvement in tumor and immune cell biology, thus making the LXR/oxysterol axis a possible target for novel antitumor strategies. Indeed, the possibility to target both tumor cell metabolism (i.e., cholesterol metabolism) and tumor-infiltrating immune cell dysfunctions induced by oxysterols might result in a synergistic antitumor effect generating long-lasting memory responses. This review will focus on the role of cholesterol metabolism with particular emphasis on the role of the LXR/oxysterol axis in the tumor microenvironment, discussing mechanisms of action, pros and cons, and strategies to develop antitumor therapies based on the modulation of this axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Raccosta
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Moresco
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
Glycolytic and lipogenic inhibitors have proven unsuccessful in cancer treatment strategies. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Flaveny and colleagues target the liver-X-receptor with an inverse agonist and show that key glycolytic and lipogenic genes are suppressed, leading to apoptosis of tumor cells without an effect on non-malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|