101
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Zhao M, Liu B, Zheng T, Xu J, Hao Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Nie W, Wang C, Wang F, Jiao M, Wu Q, Liang L. Factors associated with hostility among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1189. [PMID: 31464596 PMCID: PMC6716866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hostility can result in negative outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); however, previous research on this topic is far from adequate. To contribute to existing knowledge on this aspect of PLWHA, the current study examined the prevalence of hostility and its potential influencing factors among PLWHA. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken on 218 HIV patients in Heilongjiang Province of China between March and August in 2013. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with hostility. Results The prevalence of hostility was 17.0% among the participants. The three most alarming types of hostility included desiring to kill the person who infected them, blaming the infection on the society, and abandoning themselves to despair. A multiple logistic regression model identified that depression (OR = 3.845, 95% CI = 1.309–9.229), perceived stigma (OR = 3.281, 95% CI = 1.109–7.711), and fear of dying (OR = 2.710, 95% CI = 1.068–6.881) were the risk factors for hostility, while higher levels of trust-in-doctor (OR = 0.176, 95% CI = 0.060–0.517) and per capita household income (OR = 0.344, 95% CI = 0.119–0.991) were protective factors. Conclusions Our findings highlight the prominent influence of psychological, healthcare, and social factors on hostility among PLWHA. Interventions specifically targeted to reduce hostility should be provided, including incorporating psychological service into HIV management guidelines, enhancing PLWHA’s trust-in-doctor, establishing comprehensive services for PLWHA, reducing the social stigma against PLWHA, and paying more attention to PLWHA with financial problems. These interventions may improve the management and control of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wanling Nie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 247 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Libo Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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102
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Cascardi M, Blank S, Dodani V. Comparison of the CADRI and CTS2 for Measuring Psychological and Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:3466-3491. [PMID: 27760876 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516670182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancing dating violence (DV) research requires consistent conceptualization and measurement. However, empirical sudies on the measurement of psychological and physical DV perpetration and victimization are uncommon. There were three aims of the current study: (a) to examine the construct validity of psychological and physical DV perpetration and victimization on the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) and Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) using factor analysis; (b) to compare empirically derived DV scales with ones using face valid definitions of psychological and physical DV within each measure; and (c) to compare results obtained from the CADRI with those obtained from the CTS2. A diverse sample of undergraduates (N = 512; 63.9% female, 50.0% White, 16.2% Black, and 22.9% Latino) completed an online survey. There were two-factor solutions for each survey and DV perpetration and victimization: moderate psychological DV and severe psychological/physical DV on the CADRI; and moderate psychological and physical DV and severe psychological and physical DV on the CTS2. Multiple regression analyses showed that results were similar for empirically and rationally derived scoring methods with one exception: On the CTS2, risk factors associated with moderate DV were not the same as those associated with psychological DV. Moreover, the unique contribution of risk factors to each form of DV depended on which survey was used. In multivariate studies of risk factors associated with psychological and physical DV, the CADRI and CTS2 do not appear to be interchangeable, and may lead to different conclusions about the relative importance of risk factors.
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103
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Massa AA, Eckhardt CI, Sprunger JG, Parrott DJ, Subramani OS. Trauma Cognitions and Partner Aggression: Anger, Hostility, and Rumination as Intervening Mechanisms. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2019; 9:392-399. [PMID: 31544009 PMCID: PMC6754106 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has demonstrated a significant association between trauma and intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined the impact of several key factors implicated in Ehlers and Clark's (2000) cognitive model of trauma (i.e., trauma cognitions, anger, hostility, and rumination) on IPA perpetration. METHOD Participants in this study were 271 male and female heavy drinkers at high risk for IPA from the community who completed measures of dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, dispositional rumination, trait anger and hostility, and IPA perpetration. A moderated mediational model was tested to determine how these variables interact to predict IPA perpetration. RESULTS Results indicated that anger and hostility mediated the effect of negative cognitions about the world on IPA perpetration, with this indirect effect being stronger for individuals with higher levels of rumination. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that cognitive and affective processes that may result from trauma exposure are associated with IPA and should be targeted in prevention and intervention programs for individuals at risk for perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Massa
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Joel G Sprunger
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN
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104
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Mootz JJ, Stark L, Meyer E, Asghar K, Roa AH, Potts A, Poulton C, Marsh M, Ritterbusch A, Bennouna C. Examining intersections between violence against women and violence against children: perspectives of adolescents and adults in displaced Colombian communities. Confl Health 2019; 13:25. [PMID: 31198437 PMCID: PMC6558814 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-019-0200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining the interrelated drivers of household violence against women and violence against children is nascent, particularly in humanitarian settings. Gaps remain in understanding how relocation, displacement and ongoing insecurity affect families and may exacerbate household violence. METHODS Employing purposive sampling, we used photo elicitation methods to facilitate semi-structured, in-depth interviews with female and male adolescents and adults aged 13-75 (n = 73) in two districts in Colombia from May to August of 2017. Participants were displaced and/or residing in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of insecurity from armed groups. RESULTS Using inductive thematic analysis and situating the analysis within a feminist socioecological framework, we found several shared drivers of household violence. Intersections among drivers at all socioecological levels occurred among societal gender norms, substance use, attempts to regulate women's and children's behavior with violence, and daily stressors associated with numerous community problems. A central theme of relocation was of family compositions that were in continual flux and of family members confronted by economic insecurity and increased access to substances. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest interventions that systemically consider families' struggles with relocation and violence with multifaceted attention to socioecological intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Mootz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Lindsay Stark
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- George Warren Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Elizabeth Meyer
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Khudejha Asghar
- Department of Population,Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Alina Potts
- UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mendy Marsh
- The Equality Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Ritterbusch
- School of Government, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cyril Bennouna
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
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105
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Healey LV, Holmes V, Curry S, Seto MC, Ahmed AG. Self-Reported Dysfunctional Anger in Men and Women at a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-019-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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106
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Cavalcanti JG, Moura GBD, Pimentel CE. Psychometric parameters of the subscale of hostility from the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). PSICO-USF 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712019240213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study aimed to know the psychometric parameters of the SCL-90 hostility scale. For this, two studies were traced; In Study 1, 209 students, mean age 16 years (SD = 1.29), who responded to the Scale of Hostility and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The exploratory factorial analysis indicated a unidimensional structure, whose Cronbach’s alpha was.71. In Study 2, we sought to find additional evidence of validity and reliability counting with 212 students with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.19). The confirmatory factorial analysis tested the unifactorial structure and pointed to good adjustment indexes; good internal consistency and composite reliability were also observed. In general, the Scale of Hostility provided evidence of satisfactory validity and reliability.
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107
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Sutton TE, Gordon Simons L, Martin BT, Klopack ET, Gibbons FX, Beach SRH, Simons RL. Racial Discrimination as a Risk Factor for African American Men's Physical Partner Violence: A Longitudinal Test of Mediators and Moderators. Violence Against Women 2019; 26:164-190. [PMID: 30822237 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219830245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although researchers have explored negative individual consequences of racial discrimination, very little work has examined the connection between discrimination and intimate partner violence (IPV) among African American men. Existing work tends to be cross-sectional and does not specify mediators or moderators that might explain this link. Thus, in the current study, we use longitudinal, prospective data from 200 young men to examine potential mediators and moderators of this association. Results demonstrated that anger and hostile attribution bias mediate the association between racial discrimination and IPV perpetration. Both corporal punishment and authoritative parenting acted as moderators, but the patterns of influence differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Sutton
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
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108
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Bermudez LG, Stark L, Bennouna C, Jensen C, Potts A, Kaloga IF, Tilus R, Buteau JE, Marsh M, Hoover A, Williams ML. Converging drivers of interpersonal violence: Findings from a qualitative study in post-hurricane Haiti. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 89:178-191. [PMID: 30685625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal violence affecting women and children is increasingly recognized as a public health priority in humanitarian emergencies. Yet, research and intervention efforts have been fragmented across gender-based violence and child protection sectors. Using data from the Transforming Households: Reducing Incidence of Violence in Emergencies (THRIVE) project, this study sought to qualitatively investigate the intersecting drivers of multiple forms of violence in Côteaux, Haiti, while obtaining insight on how these drivers may be influenced by a humanitarian emergency. METHODS This analysis used transcripts obtained using a photo elicitation approach over the course of three sessions per person. Thirty-six individuals participated in the study: eight adult females, ten adult males, eight adolescent females, ten adolescent males. Participants were given cameras to capture images related to family relationships, family safety, and changes to family dynamics due to Hurricane Matthew and its aftermath. In subsequent sessions, these photographs were used as prompts for qualitative interviews. RESULTS Multiple and converging drivers of interpersonal violence were identified including the accumulation of daily stressors, loss of power/control, learned behavior (intergenerational cycle of abuse), and inequitable gender norms, all of which were influenced by the humanitarian context caused by Hurricane Matthew. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest multiple and converging drivers of violence may be exacerbated in times of crises, requiring interdisciplinary responses. In order to comprehensively address the drivers of violence, practitioners and policy makers should consider the needs of individuals and their families holistically, integrating community-led, gender transformative efforts and positive parenting with basic needs provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gauer Bermudez
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave., Office 1120, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Lindsay Stark
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Cyril Bennouna
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Population and Family Health, 60 Haven Ave B-4 Suite 432, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Celina Jensen
- Care and Protection of Children (CPC) Learning Network, 60 Haven Ave B-4 Suite 432, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Alina Potts
- UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, Piazza della Santissima Annunziata, 12, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | | | - Ricardo Tilus
- UNICEF Haiti, 17 Rue Armond Holy, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | | | - Mendy Marsh
- UNICEF, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
| | - Anna Hoover
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Population and Family Health, 60 Haven Ave B-4 Suite 432, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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109
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Kannis-Dymand L, Salguero JM, Ramos-Cejudo J, Novaco RW. Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R): Validation of a brief anger measure in Australia and Spain. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1233-1248. [PMID: 30758849 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A validated, brief measure of anger is needed in clinical settings to screen for problematic anger. This study examined the validity of the seven-item Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R), including a version for the Spanish population. METHOD Multiple psychometric instruments administered to 541 (76.6% female) adults in Australia and 1,115 (56.3% female) in Spain were analyzed. RESULTS A two-factor model (anger response and anger impairment) was confirmed. Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were supported. Anger response items strongly correlated with established measures of anger/aggression State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Aggression Questionnaire), whereas anger impairment items strongly correlated with anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measures. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (3 months) were good. Cut-off scores for problematic anger were established. There were no gender differences in anger in the Spanish sample, but Australian males had higher anger scores than females. CONCLUSION Results substantiate the utility of the DAR-R as a concise, clinically informative measure of anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kannis-Dymand
- Sunshine Coast Mind & Neuroscience-Thompson Institute, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - José M Salguero
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymond W Novaco
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
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110
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Pereda N, Tamarit JM. ¿Ciegos ante la Perspectiva de Género o Ciegos ante la Evidencia Empírica sobre la Violencia en las Relaciones de Pareja? Comentario a Ferrer-Pérez y Bosch-Fiol, 2019. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2019a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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111
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Ngo QM, Ramirez JI, Stein SF, Cunningham RM, Chermack ST, Singh V, Walton MA. Understanding the Role of Alcohol, Anxiety, and Trait Mindfulness in the Perpetration of Physical and Sexual Dating Violence in Emerging Adults. Violence Against Women 2019; 24:1166-1186. [PMID: 30037316 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines alcohol consumption, anxiety, trait mindfulness, and physical and sexual dating violence aggression (PDV and SDV) among 735 emerging adults (18-25 years) in an urban emergency department. Of the total sample, 27.2% perpetrated PDV and 16.5% perpetrated SDV. Alcohol was positively associated with PDV/SDV. Anxiety was positively associated with PDV. Mindfulness was negatively associated with PDV/SDV. Interaction analyses revealed women had lower PDV with higher nonjudgment facet of mindfulness. Higher act aware was associated with lower PDV regardless of high versus low alcohol. Findings indicate different contributing factors among perpetrators of PDV/SDV; some factors may be attenuated by mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen M Ngo
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Stephen T Chermack
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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112
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Candini V, Ghisi M, Bottesi G, Ferrari C, Bulgari V, Iozzino L, Boero ME, De Francesco A, Maggi P, Segalini B, Zuccalli V, Giobbio GM, Rossi G, de Girolamo G. Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study. J Pers Disord 2018; 32:465-481. [PMID: 28758886 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2017_31_304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the presence of clinically significant personality traits and personality disorders (PD) in patients living in residential facilities, with or without a history of violence (69 and 46, respectively); and (b) to investigate any associations between clinically significant personality traits and PDs, aggression, impulsivity, hostility, and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. The most frequent primary diagnoses were schizophrenia (58.3%) and PD (20.9%). Those with a history of violence demonstrated more antisocial and alcohol dependence features and lower depressive PD symptoms than the control group. Hostility levels, antisocial symptoms, and drug dependence, as well as a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II diagnosis of PD, predicted aggressive and violent behavior during follow-up. The study confirms the relevance of assessing PDs both to evaluate the risk of violent behavior and to plan appropriate preventive and treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Candini
- IRCCS St. John of God Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Viola Bulgari
- IRCCS St. John of God Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,PhD School in Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Iozzino
- IRCCS St. John of God Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Boero
- Rehabilitation Hospital Beata Vergine della Consolata, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Maggi
- IRCCS St. John of God Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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113
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Freeman R. Guest Editor’s Introduction. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1115-1131. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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114
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Cascardi M, Jouriles EN. A Study Space Analysis and Narrative Review of Trauma-Informed Mediators of Dating Violence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2018; 19:266-285. [PMID: 27470578 DOI: 10.1177/1524838016659485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research linking child maltreatment and dating violence in adolescence and emerging adulthood has proliferated in the past two decades; however, the precise mechanisms by which these experiences are related remain elusive. A trauma-informed perspective suggests four particularly promising mediators: maladaptive attachment, emotion regulation difficulties, emotional distress, and hostility. The current article characterizes the status of the empirical literature examining these four mediators using a study space analysis and a narrative review of existing research. An extensive literature search identified 42 papers (44 studies) that met the following criteria: (1) at least one measure of child maltreatment (emotional, physical, sexual, neglect, or exposure to intimate partner violence); (2) a measure of one of the four mediator variables; (3) a measure of dating violence perpetration or victimization; and (4) a sample of adolescents or young adults. The study space analysis suggested several important observations about the research on this topic, including a dearth of studies examining hostility as a mediator and little research using prospective designs or clinical samples. There are also limitations with the conceptualization and measurement of dating violence, child maltreatment, and some of the mediator variables. In addition, few studies examined more than one mediator variable in the same study. The narrative review suggested that maladaptive attachment (specifically insecure attachment styles), emotion regulation difficulties (specifically regulation of the emotion of anger), and emotional distress construed broadly represent promising mediators of the association between child maltreatment and dating violence, but conclusions about mediation must remain tentative given the state of the literature. The discussion offers recommendations for improved theoretical and empirical rigor to advance future research on mechanisms linking child maltreatment and dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cascardi
- 1 Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - Ernest N Jouriles
- 2 Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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115
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Sadikaj G, Moskowitz DS. Alcohol Consumption and Trait Anger Strengthen the Association Between Perceived Quarrelsomeness and Quarrelsome Behavior via Feeling Angry. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1237-1248. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gentiana Sadikaj
- Department of Psychology; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - D. S. Moskowitz
- Department of Psychology; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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116
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Finkel EJ, Hall AN. The I 3 Model: a metatheoretical framework for understanding aggression. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 19:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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117
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Abstract
There is little debate that alcohol is a contributing cause of aggressive behavior. The extreme complexity of this relation, however, has been the focus of extensive theory and research. And, likely due to this complexity, evidence-based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol-facilitated aggression are quite limited. We integrate I3 Theory and Alcohol Myopia Theory to provide a framework that (1) organizes the myriad instigatory and inhibitory factors that moderate the effect of alcohol on aggression, and (2) highlights the mechanisms by which alcohol facilitates aggression among at-risk individuals. This integrative framework provides the basis for understanding the appropriate targets for prevention and intervention efforts and may serve as a catalyst for future research that seeks to inform intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Parrott
- Dominic J. Parrott, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010 Atlanta, GA 30302-5010
| | - Christopher I. Eckhardt
- Christopher I. Eckhardt, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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118
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Brem MJ, Florimbio AR, Elmquist J, Shorey RC, Stuart GL. Antisocial Traits, Distress Tolerance, and Alcohol Problems as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in Men Arrested for Domestic Violence. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2018; 8:132-139. [PMID: 29552375 PMCID: PMC5849274 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) traits are at an increased risk for consuming alcohol and perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). However, previous research has neglected malleable mechanisms potentially responsible for the link between ASPD traits, alcohol problems, and IPV perpetration. Efforts to improve the efficacy of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) would benefit from exploration of such malleable mechanisms. The present study is the first to examine distress tolerance as one such mechanism linking men's ASPD traits to their alcohol problems and IPV perpetration. METHODS Using a cross-sectional sample of 331 men arrested for domestic violence and court-referred to BIPs, the present study used structural equation modeling to examine pathways from men's ASPD traits to IPV perpetration directly and indirectly through distress tolerance and alcohol problems. RESULTS Results supported a two-chain partial mediational model. ASPD traits were related to psychological aggression perpetration directly and indirectly via distress tolerance and alcohol problems. A second pathway emerged by which ASPD traits related to higher levels of alcohol problems, which related to psychological aggression perpetration. Controlling for psychological aggression perpetration, neither distress tolerance nor alcohol problems explained the relation between ASPD traits and physical assault perpetration. CONCLUSION These results support and extend existing conceptual models of IPV perpetration. Findings suggest intervention efforts for IPV should target both distress tolerance and alcohol problems.
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Herrero-Fernández D, Fonseca-Baeza S. Angry thoughts in Spanish drivers and their relationship with crash-related events. The mediation effect of aggressive and risky driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:99-108. [PMID: 28600988 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have related aggressive and risky driving behaviours to accidents. However, the cognitive processes associated with driving aggression have received very little attention in the scientific literature. With the aim of shedding light on this topic, the present research was carried out on a sample of 414 participants in order to validate the Driver's Angry Thoughts Questionnaire (DATQ) with a sample of Spanish drivers and to test the hypothesis of the mediation effect of aggressive and risky driving on the relationship between drivers' angry thoughts and crash-related events. The results showed a good fit with the five-factor model of the questionnaire (Judgmental and Disbelieving Thinking, Pejorative Labelling and Verbally Aggressive Thinking, Revenge and Retaliatory Thinking, Physically Aggressive Thinking, and Coping Self-Instruction). Moreover, slight gender differences were observed in drivers' angry thoughts, with women scoring higher than men (η2=0.03). However, younger drivers had higher scores than older drivers in general (η2=0.06). Finally, several mediation effects of aggressive driving and risky driving on the relationship between aggressive thinking and the crash-related events were found. Implications of the results for research in traffic psychology and clinical assessment of aggressive drivers as well as limitations of the study are discussed.
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Bruno A, Laganà AS, Leonardi V, Greco D, Merlino M, Vitale SG, Triolo O, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MRA. Inside–out: the role of anger experience and expression in the development of postpartum mood disorders. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:3033-3038. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1362554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruno
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Leonardi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Greco
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marzia Merlino
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Antonio Zoccali
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Sevene AM, Edlund JE, Easton CJ. Role of offender perception in treatment outcome. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/add-01-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address a possible interaction of cognitive distortions associated with substance dependency and intimate partner violence (IPV), and the effects on subsequent behavior. The primary focus was to investigate the relationship between offender perception (i.e. perception of family problems (FP) and perception of need for treatment for family problems (FPTx)) and treatment outcome (i.e. substance use and violence), among a unique sample of substance dependent male offenders of IPV. An additional investigation included the change in perception from baseline to the end of treatment.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 63 participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions and assessed across 12 weeks of treatment.
Findings
Participants in the (FP+) (i.e. those who perceived family problems at baseline) and (FPTx+) (i.e. those who perceived a need for treatment for family problems at baseline) conditions reported a significantly greater change in the number of days of violence from baseline to the end of treatment, compared to participants in the (FP−) (i.e. those who did not perceive family problems at baseline) and (FPTx−) (i.e. participants who perceived no need for treatment at baseline) conditions. (FP+) and (FPTx+) participants had significant decreases in any violent behavior from pre- to post-treatment.
Originality/value
The results of this study highlight the importance of techniques aimed at improving clients’ ability to recognize and admit to problem behaviors, a critical component of cognitive-behavioral therapy, in an effort to increase their motivation for treatment, thus leading to greater treatment success.
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Abstract
Violence against women causes suffering and misery to victims and their families and places a heavy burden on societies worldwide. It mostly happens within intimate relationships or between people known to each other. Violence against women is a social construction based on a societal consensus about the roles and rights of men and women. Two prevalent forms of violence against women are physical and sexual victimization by an intimate partner, and sexual victimization outside intimate relationships. Explanations of why men engage in aggressive behavior toward women address different levels, including the macro level of society, the micro level of dyadic interactions, and the individual level of perpetrator characteristics. Prevention efforts are needed that address each of these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krahé
- University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Parrott DJ, Swartout KM, Eckhardt CI, Subramani OS. Deconstructing the associations between executive functioning, problematic alcohol use and intimate partner aggression: A dyadic analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:88-96. [PMID: 28116760 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Problematic drinking and executive functioning deficits are two known risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA). However, executive functioning is a multifaceted construct, and it is not clear whether deficits in specific components of executive functioning are differentially associated with IPA perpetration generally and within the context of problematic alcohol use. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of problematic drinking and components of executive functioning on physical IPA perpetration within a dyadic framework. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 582 heavy drinking couples (total n = 1164) with a recent history of psychological and/or physical IPA recruited from two metropolitan cities in the USA. Multilevel models were used to examine effects within an actor-partner interdependence framework. RESULTS The highest levels of physical IPA were observed among actors who reported everyday consequences of executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation whose partners were problematic drinkers. However, the association between executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation and IPA was stronger towards partners who were non-problematic drinkers relative to partners who were problematic drinkers. No such effect was found for executive functioning deficits related to behavioural regulation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results provide insight into how problematic drinking and specific executive functioning deficits interact dyadically in relation to physical IPA perpetration. [Parrott DJ, Swartout KM, Eckhardt CI, Subramani OS. Deconstructing the associations between executive functioning, problematic alcohol use and intimate partner aggression: A dyadic analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:88-96].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Swartout
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
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Bates EA, Graham-Kevan N, Bolam LT, Thornton AJV. A Review of Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs in the United Kingdom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.8.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a review of current intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrator provision within the United Kingdom. The objective of the review was to explore the characteristics of intervention programs currently within the United Kingdom. Using a questionnaire-based design, we explored characteristics of current programs including program structure, program logistics, facilitator characteristics, and facilitator insights around the programs. A number of organizations completed the questionnaire (N = 21), and a review of existing literature was performed to explore the general characteristics of programs being delivered within the United Kingdom. Within the sample, we found that the feminist approach was still influential, but that facilitators also reported a need to ensure programs are more inclusive in their service provision to represent the diversity of perpetrators found. An unexpected finding from this study was the resistance of many organizations to engage with the research through an apparent suspicion of the agenda and motivation of the research team.
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Ulloa EC, Hammett JF, O’Neal DN, Lydston EE, Aramburo LFL. The Big Five Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Large, Nationally Representative Sample. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:1100-1115. [PMID: 27640426 PMCID: PMC11294914 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Thus, it is vital to identify factors, such as individuals' personality traits, that may place men and women at risk for experiencing IPV. This study used data from Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 7,187), to examine the association between the Big Five personality traits and IPV perpetration and victimization among men and women. High openness, extraversion, and neuroticism emerged as the three most important risk factors associated with IPV. Although risk factors were found to be relatively similar for IPV perpetration and IPV victimization, some gender differences emerged, showing that extraversion was only connected to IPV for women but not for men. The present findings may bear important considerations for researchers and practitioners working with individuals and couples affected by IPV.
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Gilchrist G, Radcliffe P, Noto AR, d'Oliveira AFPL. The prevalence and factors associated with ever perpetrating intimate partner violence by men receiving substance use treatment in Brazil and England: A cross-cultural comparison. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 36:34-51. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
- Department of General Practice; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Polly Radcliffe
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Department of Psychobiology, Centre Brasileiro of Information on Drugs; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Takebe M, Takahashi F, Sato H. Anger rumination as a risk factor for trait anger and anger-in: A longitudinal study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Psychological Abuse, Mental Health, and Acceptance of Dating Violence Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59:197-202. [PMID: 27238840 PMCID: PMC4958527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing literature indicates that acceptance of dating violence is a significant and robust risk factor for psychological dating abuse perpetration. Past work also indicates a significant relationship between psychological dating abuse perpetration and poor mental health. However, no known research has examined the relationship between acceptance of dating violence, perpetration of dating abuse, and mental health. In addition to exploring this complex relationship, the present study examines whether psychological abuse perpetration mediates the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and mental health (i.e., internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility). METHODS Three waves of longitudinal data were obtained from 1,042 ethnically diverse high school students in Texas. Participants completed assessments of psychological dating abuse perpetration, acceptance of dating violence, and internalizing symptoms (hostility and symptoms of anxiety and depression). RESULTS As predicted, results indicated that perpetration of psychological abuse was significantly associated with acceptance of dating violence and all internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, psychological abuse mediated the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study suggest that acceptance of dating violence is an important target for the prevention of dating violence and related emotional distress.
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Babcock J, Armenti N, Cannon C, Lauve-Moon K, Buttell F, Ferreira R, Cantos A, Hamel J, Kelly D, Jordan C, Lehmann P, Leisring PA, Murphy C, O’Leary KD, Bannon S, Salis KL, Solano I. Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs: A Proposal for Evidence-Based Standards in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the judicial system response to violence between intimate partners, or intimate partner violence (IPV), typically mandates that adjudicated perpetrators complete a batterer intervention program (BIP). The social science data has found that these programs, on the whole, are only minimally effective in reducing rates of IPV. The authors examined the social science literature on the characteristics and efficacy of BIPs. More than 400 studies were considered, including a sweeping, recently conducted survey of BIP directors across the United States and Canada. Results of this review indicate that the limitations of BIPs are due, in large part, to the limitations of current state standards regulating these programs and, furthermore, that these standards are not grounded in the body of empirical research evidence or best practices. The authors, all of whom have considerable expertise in the area of domestic violence perpetrator treatment, conducted an exhaustive investigation of the following key intervention areas: overall effectiveness of BIPs; length of treatment/length of group sessions; number of group participants and number of facilitators; group format and curriculum; assessment protocol and instruments; victim contact; modality of treatment; differential treatment; working with female perpetrators; working with perpetrators in racial and ethnic minority groups; working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) perpetrators; perpetrator treatment and practitioner–client relationships; and required practitioner education and training. Recommendations for evidence-based national BIP standards were made based on findings from this review.
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130
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Sprunger JG, Eckhardt CI, Parrott DJ. Anger, problematic alcohol use, and intimate partner violence victimisation and perpetration. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2015; 25:273-86. [PMID: 26482016 PMCID: PMC4795827 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anger and problematic alcohol use have been established as individual risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation and perpetration, but it is unknown how these factors convey risk for IPV perpetration for men and women within the context of mutually violent relationships. HYPOTHESES Anger and problematic alcohol use were hypothesised to mediate the association between IPV victimisation and perpetration for men and women, with direct and indirect influences from partner variables. METHODS Heterosexual couples (N = 215) at high-risk for IPV completed questionnaires indexing trait anger, problematic alcohol use and extent of past-year IPV perpetration and victimisation. An actor-partner interdependence modelling (APIM) framework was used to evaluate these cross-sectional data for two hypothesised models and one parsimonious alternative. RESULTS The best-fitting model indicated that IPV victimisation showed the strongest direct effect on physical IPV perpetration for both men and women. For women, but not men, the indirect effect of IPV victimisation on physical IPV perpetration through anger approached significance. For men, but not women, the victimisation-perpetration indirect effect through problematic drinking approached significance. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE The results suggest that anger and problem drinking patterns play different yet important roles for men and women in mutually violent relationships.
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Heesink L, Rademaker A, Vermetten E, Geuze E, Kleber R. Longitudinal measures of hostility in deployed military personnel. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:479-84. [PMID: 26165965 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increases in anger and hostility are commonly found after military deployment. However, it is unknown how anger and hostility develop over time, and which veterans are more at risk for developing these complaints. Data of 745 veterans one month before deployment to Afghanistan and one, six, twelve and 24 months after deployment were analyzed in a growth model. Growth mixture modeling revealed four classes based on their growth in hostility. Most of the participants belonged to a low-hostile group or a mild-hostile group that remained stable over time. Two smaller groups were identified that displayed increase in hostility ratings after deployment. The first showed an immediate increase after deployment. The second showed a delayed increase between twelve and 24 months after deployment. No groups were identified that displayed a decrease of hostility symptoms over time. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to predict group membership by age, education, early trauma, deployment stressors and personality factors. This study gains more insight into the course of hostility over time, and identifies risk factors for the progression of hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Heesink
- Research Centre Military Mental Health Care, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arthur Rademaker
- Research Centre Military Mental Health Care, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Research Centre Military Mental Health Care, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, The Netherlands; Foundation Arq, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Research Centre Military Mental Health Care, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Kleber
- Foundation Arq, Diemen, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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