101
|
Pawaskar D, Tortorici MA, Zuraw B, Craig T, Cicardi M, Longhurst H, Li HH, Lumry WR, Martinez-Saguer I, Jacobs J, Bernstein JA, Riedl MA, Katelaris CH, Keith PK, Feussner A, Sidhu J. Population pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous C1-inhibitor for prevention of attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1325-1332. [PMID: 29998524 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term prophylaxis with subcutaneous (SC) administration of a highly concentrated plasma-derived C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) formulation was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for hereditary angioedema (HAE) attack prevention. OBJECTIVE To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of C1-INH (SC) (HAEGARDA® ; CSL Behring) in healthy volunteers and HAE patients, and assess the variability and influence of covariates on pharmacokinetics. METHODS C1-INH functional activity data obtained after administration of various C1-INH (intravenous; IV) and C1-INH (SC) doses from 1 study in healthy volunteers (n = 16) and 2 studies in subjects with HAE (n = 108) were pooled to develop a population pharmacokinetic model (NONMEM v7.2). Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from steady-state simulations based on the final model were also evaluated. RESULTS C1-INH functional activity following C1-INH (SC) administration was described by a linear one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination, with inter-individual variability in all parameters tested. The mean population bioavailability of C1-INH (SC), and pharmacokinetic parameters for clearance (CL), volume of distribution, and absorption rate were estimated to be ~43%, 1.03 mL/hour/kg, 0.05 L/kg and 0.0146 hour-1 , respectively. The effect of bodyweight on CL of C1-INH functional activity was included in the final model, estimated to be 0.74. Steady-state simulations of C1-INH functional activity vs time profiles in 1000 virtual HAE patients revealed higher minimum functional activity (Ctrough ) levels after twice-weekly dosing with 40 IU/kg (~40%) and 60 IU/kg (~48%) compared with 1000 IU IV (~30%). Based on the population pharmacokinetic model, the median time to peak concentration was ~59 hours and the median apparent plasma half-life was ~69 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Twice-weekly bodyweight-adjusted dosing of C1-INH (SC) exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent increases in Ctrough levels at each dosing interval. In this analysis, SC dosing led to maintenance of higher Ctrough levels than IV dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Zuraw
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare, La Jolla, California
| | - Timothy Craig
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Graduate Studies, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Henry Li
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - William R Lumry
- AARA Research CenterAllergy and Asthma Specialists, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Joshua Jacobs
- Allergy and Asthma Clinical Research Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Immunology/Allergy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc A Riedl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Constance H Katelaris
- Department of Medicine, Campbelltown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul K Keith
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Kronthaler U, Fritsch C, Hainzl O, Seidl A, da Silva A. Comparative functional and pharmacological characterization of Sandoz proposed biosimilar adalimumab (GP2017): rationale for extrapolation across indications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:921-930. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1495193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Otmar Hainzl
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals/Hexal AG, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | - Andreas Seidl
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals/Hexal AG, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Turner MR, Balu-Iyer SV. Challenges and Opportunities for the Subcutaneous Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1247-1260. [PMID: 29336981 PMCID: PMC5915922 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics is a rapidly growing drug class, and over 200 biotherapeutics have already obtained approval, with about 50 of these being approved in 2015 and 2016 alone. Several hundred protein therapeutic products are still in the pipeline, including interesting new approaches to treatment. Owing to patients' convenience of at home administration and reduced number of hospital visits as well as the reduction in treatment costs, subcutaneous (SC) administration of biologics is of increasing interest. Although several avenues for treatment using biotherapeutics are being explored, there is still a sufficient gap in knowledge regarding the interplay of formulation conditions, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the absorption of these compounds when they are given SC. This review seeks to highlight the major concerns and important factors governing this route of administration and suggest a holistic approach for effective SC delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Nuhn L, Van Hoecke L, Deswarte K, Schepens B, Li Y, Lambrecht BN, De Koker S, David SA, Saelens X, De Geest BG. Potent anti-viral vaccine adjuvant based on pH-degradable nanogels with covalently linked small molecule imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonist. Biomaterials 2018; 178:643-651. [PMID: 29573820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improving the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, in particular skewing of the immune response towards Th1 type immunity, is crucial for the development of effective vaccines against intracellular infections and for the development of anti-cancer vaccines. Small molecule TLR7/8 agonist hold high potential for this purpose, but suffer from an undesirable pharmacokinetic profile, resulting in systemic inflammatory responses. An effective solution to this problem is covalent ligation to a larger carrier. Here, a degradable nanogel carrier containing a covalently linked imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) TLR7/8 agonist is explored as adjuvant for vaccination against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In vitro and in vivo experiments in mice provide a solid rational base for preferring nanogels over soluble polymers as IMDQ carrier in terms of cellular uptake and lymph node accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Nuhn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sunil A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Jucker BM, Alsaid H, Rambo M, Lenhard SC, Hoang B, Xie F, Groseclose MR, Castellino S, Damian V, Bowers G, Gupta M. Multimodal imaging approach to examine biodistribution kinetics of Cabotegravir (GSK1265744) long acting parenteral formulation in rat. J Control Release 2017; 268:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
106
|
Abstract
The rapid development of immunomodulatory cancer therapies has led to a concurrent increase in the application of informatics techniques to the analysis of tumors, the tumor microenvironment, and measures of systemic immunity. In this review, the use of tumors to gather genetic and expression data will first be explored. Next, techniques to assess tumor immunity are reviewed, including HLA status, predicted neoantigens, immune microenvironment deconvolution, and T-cell receptor sequencing. Attempts to integrate these data are in early stages of development and are discussed in this review. Finally, we review the application of these informatics strategies to therapy development, with a focus on vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and checkpoint blockade therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hammerbacher
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - A Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Dhandhukia JP, Li Z, Peddi S, Kakan S, Mehta A, Tyrpak D, Despanie J, MacKay JA. Berunda Polypeptides: Multi-Headed Fusion Proteins Promote Subcutaneous Administration of Rapamycin to Breast Cancer In Vivo. Theranostics 2017; 7:3856-3872. [PMID: 29109782 PMCID: PMC5667409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Elastin-Like Polypeptides (ELPs) serve as attractive scaffolds for nanoformulations because they can be charge-neutral, water soluble, high molecular weight, monodisperse, biodegradable, and decorated with functional proteins. We recently reported that fusion of the FK-506 binding protein 12 (FKBP) to an ELP nanoparticle (FSI) reduces rapamycin (Rapa) toxicity and enables intravenous (IV) therapy in both a xenograft breast cancer model and a murine autoimmune disease model. Rapa has poor solubility, which leads to variable oral bioavailability or drug precipitation following parenteral administration. While IV administration is routine during chemotherapy, cytostatic molecules like Rapa would require repeat administrations in clinical settings. To optimize FKBP/Rapa for subcutaneous (SC) administration, this manuscript expands upon first-generation FSI nanoparticles (Rh ~ 25 nm) and compares them with two second-generation carriers (FA and FAF) that: i) do not self-assemble; ii) retain a hydrodynamic radius (Rh ~ 7 nm) above the renal filtration cutoff; iii) increase tumor accumulation; and iv) have either one (FA) or two (FAF) drug-binding FKBP domains per ELP protein. Methods: The carriers were compared and evaluated for temperature-concentration phase behavior by UV-Vis spectrophotometry; equilibrium binding and thermodynamics by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry; drug retention and formulation stability by Dialysis and Dynamic Light Scattering; in vitro efficacy using a cell proliferation assay; in vivo efficacy in human MDA-MB-468 orthotopic breast cancer xenografts; downstream target inhibition using western blot; tissue histopathology; and bio-distribution via optical imaging in the orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Results: Named after the two-headed bird in Hindu mythology, the 'Berunda polypeptide' FAF with molecular weight of 97 kDa and particle size, Rh ~ 7 nm demonstrated polypeptide conformation of a soluble hydrated coiled polymer, retained formulation stability for one month post Rapa loading, eliminated toxicity observed with free Rapa after SC administration, suppressed tumor growth, decreased phosphorylation of a downstream target, and increased tumor accumulation in orthotopic breast tumor xenografts. Conclusion: This comprehensive manuscript demonstrates the versatility of recombinant protein-polymers to investigate drug carrier architectures. Furthermore, their facilitation of SC administration of poorly soluble drugs, like Rapa, may enable chronic self-administration in patients.
Collapse
|
108
|
Chan LJ, Feeney OM, Leong NJ, McLeod VM, Porter CJ, Williams CC, Kaminskas LM. An Evaluation of Optimal PEGylation Strategies for Maximizing the Lymphatic Exposure and Antiviral Activity of Interferon after Subcutaneous Administration. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2866-2875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte C. Williams
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Askarizadeh A, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, Badiee A. Liposomal adjuvant development for leishmaniasis vaccines. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2017; 5:85-101. [PMID: 29201374 PMCID: PMC5697592 DOI: 10.1177/2051013617741578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that ranges in severity from skin lesions to fatality. Since long-lasting protection is induced upon recovery from cutaneous leishmaniasis, development of an effective vaccine is promising. However, there is no vaccine for use in humans yet. It seems limited efficacy in leishmaniasis vaccines is due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant or delivery system. Hence, the use of particulate adjuvants such as liposomes for effective delivery to the antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a valuable strategy to enhance leishmaniasis vaccine efficacy. The extraordinary versatility of liposomes because of their unique amphiphilic and biphasic nature allows for using antigens or immunostimulators within the core, on the surface or within the bilayer, and modulates both the magnitude and the T-helper bias of the immune response. In this review article, we attempt to summarize the role of liposomal adjuvants in the development of Leishmania vaccines and describe the main physicochemical properties of liposomes like phospholipid composition, surface charge, and particle size during formulation design. We also suggest potentially useful formulation strategies in order for future experiments to have a chance to succeed as liposomal vaccines against leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Askarizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Collins DS, Kourtis LC, Thyagarajapuram NR, Sirkar R, Kapur S, Harrison MW, Bryan DJ, Jones GB, Wright JM. Optimizing the Bioavailability of Subcutaneously Administered Biotherapeutics Through Mechanochemical Drivers. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2000-2011. [PMID: 28707164 PMCID: PMC5579144 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The subcutaneous route offers myriad benefits for the administration of biotherapeutics in both acute and chronic diseases, including convenience, cost effectiveness and the potential for automation through closed-loop systems. Recent advances in parenteral administration devices and the use of additives which enhance drug dispersion have generated substantial additional interest in IV to SQ switching studies. Designing pre-clinical and clinical studies using SQ mediated delivery however requires deep understanding of complex inter-related physiologies and transport pathways governing the interstitial matrix, vascular system and lymphatic channels. This expert review will highlight key structural features which contribute to transport and biodistribution in the subcutaneous space and also assess the impact of drug formulations. Based on the rapidly growing interest in the SQ delivery route, a number of potential areas for future development are highlighted, which are likely to allow continued evolution and innovation in this important area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Collins
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - L C Kourtis
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - N R Thyagarajapuram
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - R Sirkar
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - S Kapur
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - M W Harrison
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - D J Bryan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01805, USA
| | - G B Jones
- Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Tufts University Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.
| | - J M Wright
- Eli Lilly Innovation Center, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Hirotsu T, Higashi T, Motoyama K, Arima H. Cyclodextrin-based sustained and controllable release system of insulin utilizing the combination system of self-assembly PEGylation and polypseudorotaxane formation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
112
|
Hirotsu T, Higashi T, Abu Hashim II, Misumi S, Wada K, Motoyama K, Arima H. Self-Assembly PEGylation Retaining Activity (SPRA) Technology via a Host-Guest Interaction Surpassing Conventional PEGylation Methods of Proteins. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:368-376. [PMID: 28032772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification (PEGylation) is one of the best approaches to improve the stabilities and blood half-lives of protein drugs; however, PEGylation dramatically reduces the bioactivities of protein drugs. Here, we present "self-assembly PEGylation retaining activity" (SPRA) technology via a host-guest interaction between PEGylated β-cyclodextrin (PEG-β-CyD) and adamantane-appended (Ad) proteins. PEG-β-CyD formed stable complexes with Ad-insulin and Ad-lysozyme to yield SPRA-insulin and SPRA-lysozyme, respectively. Both SPRA-proteins showed high stability against heat and trypsin digest, comparable with that of covalently PEGylated protein equivalents. Importantly, the SPRA-lysozyme possessed ca. 100% lytic activity, whereas the activity of the covalently PEGylated lysozyme was ca. 23%. Additionally, SPRA-insulin provided a prolonged and peakless blood glucose profile when compared with insulin glargine. It also showed no loss of activity. In contrast, the covalently PEGylated insulin showed a negligible hypoglycemic effect. These findings indicate that SPRA technology has potential as a generic method, surpassing conventional PEGylation methods for proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Irhan Ibrahim Abu Hashim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Koki Wada
- Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. , 30 Tajima, Fuji, Shizuoka 417-8539, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Choquette A, Troncy E, Guillot M, Varin F, del Castillo JRE. Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Administered with or without Adrenaline for the Paravertebral Brachial Plexus Block in Dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169745. [PMID: 28068408 PMCID: PMC5221883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenaline is known to prolong the duration of local anesthesia but its effects on the pharmacokinetic processes of local anesthetic drugs are not fully understood. Our objective was to develop a compartmental model for quantification of adrenaline’s impact on the pharmacokinetics of perineurally-injected lidocaine in the dog. Dogs were subjected to paravertebral brachial plexus block using lidocaine alone or adrenalinated lidocaine. Data was collected through a prospective, randomised, blinded crossover protocol performed over three periods. Blood samples were collected during 180 minutes following block execution. Compartmental pharmacokinetic models were developed and their goodness-of-fit were compared. The lowering effects of adrenaline on the absorption of lidocaine were statistically determined with one-sided tests. A one-compartment disposition model with two successive zero-order absorption processes best fitted our experimental data. Adrenaline decreased the peak plasma lidocaine concentration by approximately 60% (P < 0.001), decreased this local anesthetic’s fast and slow zero-order absorption rates respectively by 50% and 90% (P = 0.046, and P < 0.001), which respective durations were prolonged by 90% and 1300% (P < 0.020 and P < 0.001). Lidocaine demonstrated a previously unreported atypical absorption profile following its paravertebral injection in dogs. Adrenaline decreased the absorption rate of lidocaine and prolonged the duration of its absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Choquette
- Québec’s Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Québec’s Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Guillot
- Québec’s Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - France Varin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme R. E. del Castillo
- Québec’s Animal Pharmacology Research Group (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Abstract
Molecular adjuvants based off of pattern recognition receptor agonists are capable of potently stimulating innate immunity and inducing protective immune responses to subunit antigens. One significant disadvantage to these small molecule adjuvants is their pharmacokinetic profile of entering the blood stream rather than the lymphatics after parental injection. In order to target molecular adjuvants to lymph nodes, we have developed nanoparticle carriers whose size has been optimized to avoid the blood and efficiently drain to lymph nodes (Hanson et al. Vaccine 33:861-8,2015; Hanson et al. J Clin Invest 125:2532-2546, 2015). This chapter describes in detail the materials and procedures necessary to synthesize liposome nanoparticle carriers of either hydrophobic or hydrophilic adjuvants, including synthesis tips, alternative equipment options, and pitfalls to avoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Hanson
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Knadler MP, Nguyen TH, Campanale K, De Veer MJ, Beals JM, Li S, Hansen R, Siesky A, Michael MD, Porter CJH. Addition of 20-kDa PEG to Insulin Lispro Alters Absorption and Decreases Clearance in Animals. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2920-2929. [PMID: 27528391 PMCID: PMC5093203 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine the pharmacokinetics of insulin peglispro (BIL) in 5/6-nephrectomized rats and study the absorption in lymph duct cannulated (LDC) sheep. METHODS BIL is insulin lispro modified with 20-kDa linear PEG at lysine B28 increasing the hydrodynamic size to 4-fold larger than insulin lispro. Pharmacokinetics of BIL and insulin lispro after IV administration were compared in 5/6-nephrectomized and sham rats. BIL was administered IV or SC into the interdigital space of the hind leg, and peripheral lymph and/or serum samples were collected from both LDC and non-LDC sheep to determine pharmacokinetics and absorption route of BIL. RESULTS The clearance of BIL was similar in 5/6-nephrectomized and sham rats, while the clearance of insulin lispro was 3.3-fold slower in 5/6-nephrectomized rats than in the sham rats. In non-LDC sheep, the terminal half-life after SC was about twice as long vs IV suggesting flip-flop pharmacokinetics. In LDC sheep, bioavailability decreased to <2%; most of the dose was absorbed via the lymphatic system, with 88% ± 19% of the dose collected in the lymph after SC administration. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that increasing the hydrodynamic size of insulin lispro through PEGylation can impact both absorption and clearance to prolong drug action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Pat Knadler
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA.
| | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristina Campanale
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Michael J De Veer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John M Beals
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Shun Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Ryan Hansen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Angela Siesky
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - M Dodson Michael
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Abstract
The covalent modification of therapeutic biomolecules has been broadly explored, leading to a number of clinically approved modified protein drugs. These modifications are typically intended to address challenges arising in biopharmaceutical practice by promoting improved stability and shelf life of therapeutic proteins in formulation, or modifying pharmacokinetics in the body. Toward these objectives, covalent modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been a common direction. Here, a platform approach to biopharmaceutical modification is described that relies on noncovalent, supramolecular host-guest interactions to endow proteins with prosthetic functionality. Specifically, a series of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])-PEG conjugates are shown to substantially increase the stability of three distinct protein drugs in formulation. Leveraging the known and high-affinity interaction between CB[7] and an N-terminal aromatic residue on one specific protein drug, insulin, further results in altering of its pharmacological properties in vivo by extending activity in a manner dependent on molecular weight of the attached PEG chain. Supramolecular modification of therapeutic proteins affords a noncovalent route to modify its properties, improving protein stability and activity as a formulation excipient. Furthermore, this offers a modular approach to append functionality to biopharmaceuticals by noncovalent modification with other molecules or polymers, for applications in formulation or therapy.
Collapse
|
117
|
Jacober SJ, Prince MJ, Beals JM, Hartman ML, Qu Y, Linnebjerg H, Garhyan P, Haupt A. Basal insulin peglispro: Overview of a novel long-acting insulin with reduced peripheral effect resulting in a hepato-preferential action. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 2:3-16. [PMID: 27723228 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Basal insulin peglispro (BIL) is a novel basal insulin with a flat, prolonged activity profile. BIL has been demonstrated in a dog model, in healthy men and in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to have significant hepato-preferential action resulting from reduced peripheral activity. In the IMAGINE-Phase 3 clinical trial program, more than 6000 patients were included, of whom ~3900 received BIL. Of the 7 pivotal IMAGINE trials, 3 studies were double-blinded and 3 were in T1D patients. BIL consistently demonstrated a greater HbA1c reduction, less glycaemic variability and a clinically relevant reduction in the rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia across comparator [glargine and isophane insulin (NPH)] studies. Trials using basal/bolus regimens had higher rates of total hypoglycaemia with BIL due to higher rates of daytime hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia rates were similar to comparator among both patients with T1D or type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D patients lost weight compared with glargine (GL). Patients with T2D tended to gain less weight with BIL than with glargine. Compared to glargine, BIL was associated with higher liver fat, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, including a higher frequency of elevation of ALT ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, but without severe, acute drug-induced liver injury. Injection site reactions, primarily lipohypertrophy, were more frequent with BIL. In conclusion, BIL demonstrated better glycaemic control with reduced glucose variability and nocturnal hypoglycaemia but higher triglycerides, ALT and liver fat relative to conventional comparator insulin. The hepato-preferential action of BIL with reduced peripheral activity may account for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Jacober
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - M J Prince
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - J M Beals
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - M L Hartman
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Y Qu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - P Garhyan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - A Haupt
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Optimizing novel implant formulations for the prolonged release of biopharmaceuticals using in vitro and in vivo imaging techniques. J Control Release 2016; 235:352-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
119
|
Owen A, Rannard S. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for long acting injectable therapies: Insights for applications in HIV therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:144-156. [PMID: 26916628 PMCID: PMC4935562 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in solid drug nanoparticle technologies have resulted in a number of long-acting (LA) formulations with the potential for once monthly or longer administration. Such formulations offer great utility for chronic diseases, particularly when a lack of medication compliance may be detrimental to treatment response. Two such formulations are in clinical development for HIV but the concept of LA delivery has its origins in indications such as schizophrenia and contraception. Many terms have been utilised to describe the LA approach and standardisation would be beneficial. Ultimately, definitions will depend upon specific indications and routes of delivery, but for HIV we propose benchmarks that reflect perceived clinical benefits and available data on patient attitudes. Specifically, we propose dosing intervals of ≥1week, ≥1month or ≥6months, for oral, injectable or implantable strategies, respectively. This review focuses upon the critical importance of potency in achieving the LA outcome for injectable formulations and explores established and emerging technologies that have been employed across indications. Key technological challenges such as the need for consistency and ease of administration for drug combinations, are also discussed. Finally, the review explores the gaps in knowledge regarding the pharmacology of drug release from particulate-based LA injectable suspensions. A number of hypotheses are discussed based upon available data relating to local drug metabolism, active transport systems, the lymphatics, macrophages and patient-specific factors. Greater knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin drug release and protracted exposure will help facilitate further development of this strategy to achieve the promising clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, 70 Pembroke Place, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693GF, UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kranz LM, Birtel M, Hilscher L, Grunwitz C, Petschenka J, Vascotto F, Vormehr M, Voss RH, Kreiter S, Diken M. CIMT 2016: Mechanisms of efficacy in cancer immunotherapy - Report on the 14th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy May 10-12 2016, Mainz, Germany. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2805-2812. [PMID: 27435168 PMCID: PMC5137546 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1206677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Kranz
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,b Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,b Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Lina Hilscher
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christian Grunwitz
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,c BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jutta Petschenka
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mathias Vormehr
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany.,c BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Ralf-Holger Voss
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- a TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH , Mainz , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
|
122
|
Darville N, van Heerden M, Erkens T, De Jonghe S, Vynckier A, De Meulder M, Vermeulen A, Sterkens P, Annaert P, Van den Mooter G. Modeling the Time Course of the Tissue Responses to Intramuscular Long-acting Paliperidone Palmitate Nano-/Microcrystals and Polystyrene Microspheres in the Rat. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:189-210. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623315618291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) drug suspensions consist of drug nano-/microcrystals suspended in an aqueous vehicle and enable prolonged therapeutic drug exposure up to several months. The examination of injection site reactions (ISRs) to the intramuscular (IM) injection of LAI suspensions is relevant not only from a safety perspective but also for the understanding of the pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to perform a multilevel temporal characterization of the local and lymphatic histopathological/immunological alterations triggered by the IM injection of an LAI paliperidone palmitate suspension and an analog polystyrene suspension in rats and identify critical time points and parameters with regard to the host response. The ISRs showed a moderate to marked chronic granulomatous inflammation, which was mediated by multiple cyto-/chemokines, including interleukin-1β, monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Lymphatic uptake and lymph node retention of nano-/microparticles were observed, but the contribution to the drug absorption was negligible. A simple image analysis procedure and empirical model were proposed for the accurate evaluation of the depot geometry, cell infiltration, and vascularization. This study was designed as a reference for the evaluation and comparison of future LAIs and to support the mechanistic modeling of the formulation–physiology interplay regulating the drug absorption from LAIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Darville
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Model Based Drug Development, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marjolein van Heerden
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tim Erkens
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandra De Jonghe
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - An Vynckier
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marc De Meulder
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - An Vermeulen
- Model Based Drug Development, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sterkens
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Tibbitts J, Canter D, Graff R, Smith A, Khawli LA. Key factors influencing ADME properties of therapeutic proteins: A need for ADME characterization in drug discovery and development. MAbs 2015; 8:229-45. [PMID: 26636901 PMCID: PMC4966629 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics represent a diverse array of biologics including antibodies, fusion proteins, and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Since their inception, they have revolutionized the treatment of a wide range of diseases including respiratory, vascular, autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. While in vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy studies are routinely carried out for protein therapeutics, studies that identify key factors governing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties have not been fully investigated. Thorough characterization and in-depth study of their ADME properties are critical in order to support drug discovery and development processes for the production of safer and more effective biotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss the main factors affecting the ADME characteristics of these large macromolecular therapies. We also give an overview of the current tools, technologies, and approaches available to investigate key factors that influence the ADME of recombinant biotherapeutic drugs, and demonstrate how ADME studies will facilitate their future development.
Collapse
|
124
|
Waters NJ, Daigle SR, Rehlaender BN, Basavapathruni A, Campbell CT, Jensen TB, Truitt BF, Olhava EJ, Pollock RM, Stickland KA, Dovletoglou A. Exploring drug delivery for the DOT1L inhibitor pinometostat (EPZ-5676): Subcutaneous administration as an alternative to continuous IV infusion, in the pursuit of an epigenetic target. J Control Release 2015; 220:758-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
125
|
Houang EM, Haman KJ, Filareto A, Perlingeiro RC, Bates FS, Lowe DA, Metzger JM. Membrane-stabilizing copolymers confer marked protection to dystrophic skeletal muscle in vivo. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2015; 2:15042. [PMID: 26623440 PMCID: PMC4641511 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease of striated muscle deterioration. A unique therapeutic approach for DMD is the use of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect the fragile dystrophic sarcolemma against contraction-induced mechanical stress. Block copolymer-based membrane stabilizer poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to protect the dystrophic myocardium. In comparison, the ability of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect fragile DMD skeletal muscles has been less clear. Because cardiac and skeletal muscles have distinct structural and functional features, including differences in the mechanism of activation, variance in sarcolemma phospholipid composition, and differences in the magnitude and types of forces generated, we speculated that optimized membrane stabilization could be inherently different. Our objective here is to use principles of pharmacodynamics to evaluate membrane stabilization therapy for DMD skeletal muscles. Results show a dramatic differential effect of membrane stabilization by optimization of pharmacodynamic-guided route of poloxamer delivery. Data show that subcutaneous P188 delivery, but not intravascular or intraperitoneal routes, conferred significant protection to dystrophic limb skeletal muscles undergoing mechanical stress in vivo. In addition, structure-function examination of synthetic membrane stabilizers further underscores the importance of copolymer composition, molecular weight, and dosage in optimization of poloxamer pharmacodynamics in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne M Houang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen J Haman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Antonio Filareto
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rita C Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Rehabilitation Science and Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Alkilani AZ, McCrudden MTC, Donnelly RF. Transdermal Drug Delivery: Innovative Pharmaceutical Developments Based on Disruption of the Barrier Properties of the stratum corneum. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:438-70. [PMID: 26506371 PMCID: PMC4695828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin offers an accessible and convenient site for the administration of medications. To this end, the field of transdermal drug delivery, aimed at developing safe and efficacious means of delivering medications across the skin, has in the past and continues to garner much time and investment with the continuous advancement of new and innovative approaches. This review details the progress and current status of the transdermal drug delivery field and describes numerous pharmaceutical developments which have been employed to overcome limitations associated with skin delivery systems. Advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are detailed, commercially marketed products are highlighted and particular attention is paid to the emerging field of microneedle technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan.
| | - Maelíosa T C McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides represent a largely untapped resource in medicine today, especially in the central nervous system. Despite their ease of design and remarkably high target specificity, it is difficult to deliver them beyond the blood-brain barrier or into the required intracellular compartments. In addition, the instability of these peptides in vivo precludes their use to combat the symptoms of numerous neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia. In this review, we aim to characterize recent advances in the delivery of therapeutic peptides to the central nervous system past the blood-brain barrier and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the examined methods as well as explore new potential directions.
Collapse
|
128
|
Abstract
Recently, a number of promising approaches have been developed using synthetic chemistry, materials science, and bioengineering-based strategies to address challenges in the design of more effective cancer vaccines. At the stage of initial priming, potency can be improved by maximizing vaccine delivery to lymph nodes. Because lymphatic uptake from peripheral tissues is strongly size dependent, antigens and adjuvants packaged into optimally sized nanoparticles access the lymph node with much greater efficiency than unformulated vaccines. Once primed, T cells must home to the tumor site. Because T cells acquire the necessary surface receptors in the local lymph node draining the tissue of interest, vaccines must be engineered that reach organs, such as the lung and gut, which are common sites of tumor lesions but inaccessible by traditional vaccination routes. Particulate vaccine carriers can improve antigen exposure in these organs, resulting in greater lymphocyte priming. Immunomodulatory agents can also be injected directly into the tumor site to stimulate a systemic response capable of clearing even distal lesions; materials have been designed that entrap or slowly release immunomodulators at the tumor site, reducing systemic exposure and improving therapeutic efficacy. Finally, lessons learned from the design of biomaterial-based scaffolds in regenerative medicine have led to the development of implantable vaccines that recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells to drive antitumor immunity. Overall, these engineering strategies represent an expanding toolkit to create safe and effective cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Mehta
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly D Moynihan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Abstract
Antigen- and adjuvant-based bioconjugates that can stimulate the immune system play an important role in vaccine applications. Bioconjugates have demonstrated unique physicochemical and biological properties, enabling vaccines to be delivered to key immune cells, to target specific intracellular pathways, or to mimic immunogenic properties of natural pathogens. In this Review we highlight recent advances in such molecular immunomodulators, with an emphasis on the structure-function relationships that provide the foundation for rational design of safe and effective vaccines and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Liu
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- ‡Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- §Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- ▼Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Hanson MC, Crespo MP, Abraham W, Moynihan KD, Szeto GL, Chen SH, Melo MB, Mueller S, Irvine DJ. Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2532-46. [PMID: 25938786 DOI: 10.1172/jci79915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are agonists of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) and have potential as vaccine adjuvants. However, cyclic di-GMP (cdGMP) injected s.c. shows minimal uptake into lymphatics/draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and instead is rapidly distributed to the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation. Here, we encapsulated cdGMP within PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (NP-cdGMP) to redirect this adjuvant to dLNs. Compared with unformulated CDNs, encapsulation blocked systemic dissemination and markedly enhanced dLN accumulation in murine models. Delivery of NP-cdGMP increased CD8+ T cell responses primed by peptide vaccines and enhanced therapeutic antitumor immunity. A combination of a poorly immunogenic liposomal HIV gp41 peptide antigen and NP-cdGMP robustly induced type I IFN in dLNs, induced a greater expansion of vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells, and greatly increased germinal center B cell differentiation in dLNs compared with a combination of liposomal HIV gp41 and soluble CDN. Further, NP-cdGMP promoted durable antibody titers that were substantially higher than those promoted by the well-studied TLR agonist monophosphoryl lipid A and comparable to a much larger dose of unformulated cdGMP, without the systemic toxicity of the latter. These results demonstrate that nanoparticulate delivery safely targets CDNs to the dLNs and enhances the efficacy of this adjuvant. Moreover, this approach can be broadly applied to other small-molecule immunomodulators of interest for vaccines and immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
131
|
Young MA, Wald JA, Matthews JE, Scott R, Hodge RJ, Zhi H, Reinhardt RR. Clinical Pharmacology of Albiglutide, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:84-97. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.11.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
132
|
Chan LJ, Bulitta JB, Ascher DB, Haynes JM, McLeod VM, Porter CJH, Williams CC, Kaminskas LM. PEGylation does not significantly change the initial intravenous or subcutaneous pharmacokinetics or lymphatic exposure of trastuzumab in rats but increases plasma clearance after subcutaneous administration. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:794-809. [PMID: 25644368 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a major role in the metastatic dissemination of cancer and has an integral role in immunity. PEGylation enhances drainage and lymphatic uptake following subcutaneous (sc) administration of proteins and protein-like polymers, but the impact of PEGylation of very large proteins (such as antibodies) on subcutaneous and lymphatic pharmacokinetics is unknown. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of PEGylation on the sc absorption and lymphatic disposition of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab in rats. PEG-trastuzumab was generated via the conjugation of a single 40 kDa PEG-NHS ester to trastuzumab. PEG-trastuzumab showed a 5-fold reduction in HER2 binding affinity, however the in vitro growth inhibitory effects were preserved as a result of changes in cellular trafficking when compared to native trastuzumab. The lymphatic pharmacokinetics of PEG-trastuzumab was evaluated in thoracic lymph duct cannulated rats after iv and sc administration and compared to the pharmacokinetics of native trastuzumab. The iv pharmacokinetics and lymphatic exposure of PEG-trastuzumab was similar when compared to trastuzumab. After sc administration, initial plasma pharmacokinetics and lymphatic exposure were also similar between PEG-trastuzumab and trastuzumab, but the absolute bioavailability of PEG-trastuzumab was 100% when compared to 86.1% bioavailability for trastuzumab. In contrast to trastuzumab, PEG-trastuzumab showed accelerated plasma clearance beginning approximately 7 days after sc, but not iv, administration, presumably as a result of the generation of anti-PEG IgM. This work suggests that PEGylation does not significantly alter the lymphatic disposition of very large proteins, and further suggests that it is unlikely to benefit therapy with monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Chan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Liu X, Kruger P, Maibach H, Colditz PB, Roberts MS. Using skin for drug delivery and diagnosis in the critically ill. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 77:40-9. [PMID: 25305335 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin offers easy access, convenience and non-invasiveness for drug delivery and diagnosis. In principle, these advantages of skin appear to be attractive for critically ill patients given potential difficulties that may be associated with oral and parenteral access in these patients. However, the profound changes in skin physiology that can be seen in these patients provide a challenge to reliably deliver drugs or provide diagnostic information. Drug delivery through skin may be used to manage burn injury, wounds, infection, trauma and the multisystem complications that rise from these conditions. Local anaesthetics and analgesics can be delivered through skin and may have wide application in critically ill patients. To ensure accurate information, diagnostic tools require validation in the critically ill patient population as information from other patient populations may not be applicable.
Collapse
|
134
|
Ryan GM, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJ. Nano-chemotherapeutics: Maximising lymphatic drug exposure to improve the treatment of lymph-metastatic cancers. J Control Release 2014; 193:241-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
135
|
Richter WF, Jacobsen B. Subcutaneous absorption of biotherapeutics: knowns and unknowns. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1881-9. [PMID: 25100673 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous administration of biotherapeutics offers several potential advantages compared with intravenous administration. Many biotherapeutics, both marketed or in development, are administered via the subcutaneous route. This minireview provides an overview of the presystemic absorption processes following subcutaneous administration, the resulting pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous administration, and provides recent case examples of the development of subcutaneous administered drugs with a focus on monoclonal antibodies. Subcutaneous absorption of biotherapeutics is relatively slow and mostly incomplete. Knowledge of the subcutaneous tissue is important to understand the absorption kinetics after subcutaneous administration. Transport in the subcutis to the absorbing blood or lymph capillaries appears to be a major contributor to the slow subcutaneous absorption. Larger proteins (>20 kDa) are mostly absorbed via the lymphatic system, although potential species differences are not fully understood yet. Also, the presystemic catabolism leading to incomplete bioavailability is little understood, both the involved enzymes and its translation across species. For IgGs, binding to the neonatal Fc receptor is important to obtain a high bioavailability. Overall, several aspects of subcutaneous absorption are still poorly understood, which hampers, e.g., translation across species. Further research in this area is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang F Richter
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Jacobsen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Rasmussen CH, Røge RM, Ma Z, Thomsen M, Thorisdottir RL, Chen JW, Mosekilde E, Colding-Jørgensen M. Insulin aspart pharmacokinetics: an assessment of its variability and underlying mechanisms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:65-75. [PMID: 24878388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin aspart (IAsp) is used by many diabetics as a meal-time insulin to control post-prandial glucose levels. As is the case with many other insulin types, the pharmacokinetics (PK), and consequently the pharmacodynamics (PD), is associated with clinical variability, both between and within individuals. The present article identifies the main physiological mechanisms that govern the PK of IAsp following subcutaneous administration and quantifies them in terms of their contribution to the overall variability. MATERIAL AND METHODS CT scanning data from Thomsen et al. (2012) are used to investigate and quantify the properties of the subcutaneous depot. Data from Brange et al. (1990) are used to determine the effects of insulin chemistry in subcutis on the absorption rate. Intravenous (i.v.) bolus and infusion PK data for human insulin are used to understand and quantify the systemic distribution and elimination (Pørksen et al., 1997; Sjöstrand et al., 2002). PK and PD profiles for type 1 diabetics from Chen et al. (2005) are analyzed to demonstrate the effects of IAsp antibodies in terms of bound and unbound insulin. PK profiles from Thorisdottir et al. (2009) and Ma et al. (2012b) are analyzed in the nonlinear mixed effects software Monolix® to determine the presence and effects of the mechanisms described in this article. RESULTS The distribution of IAsp in the subcutaneous depot show an initial dilution of approximately a factor of two in a single experiment. Injected insulin hexamers exist in a chemical equilibrium with monomers and dimers, which depends strongly on the degree of dilution in subcutis, the presence of auxiliary substances, and a variety of other factors. Sensitivity to the initial dilution in subcutis can thus be a cause of some of the variability. Temporal variations in the PK are explained by variations in the subcutaneous blood flow. IAsp antibodies are found to be a large contributor to the variability of total insulin PK in a study by Chen et al. (2005), since only the free fraction is eliminated via the receptors. The contribution of these and other sources of variability to the total variability is quantified via a population PK analysis and two recent clinical studies (Thorisdottir et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2012b), which support the presence and significance of the identified mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS IAsp antibody binding, oligomeric transitions in subcutis, and blood flow dependent variations in absorption rate seem to dominate the PK variability of IAsp. It may be possible via e.g. formulation design to reduce some of these variability factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hove Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark; Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 309, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Meldgaard Røge
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhulin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Thomsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jian-Wen Chen
- Novo Nordisk International Operations A/S, Thurgauerstrasse 36/38, CH-8050 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Mosekilde
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 309, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Peng J, Garcia MA, Choi JS, Zhao L, Chen KJ, Bernstein JR, Peyda P, Hsiao YS, Liu KW, Lin WY, Pyle AD, Wang H, Hou S, Tseng HR. Molecular recognition enables nanosubstrate-mediated delivery of gene-encapsulated nanoparticles with high efficiency. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4621-9. [PMID: 24708312 PMCID: PMC4046775 DOI: 10.1021/nn5003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Substrate-mediated gene delivery is a promising method due to its unique ability to preconcentrate exogenous genes onto designated substrates. However, many challenges remain to enable continuous and multiround delivery of the gene using the same substrates without depositing payloads and immobilizing cells in each round of delivery. Herein we introduce a gene delivery system, nanosubstrate-mediated delivery (NSMD) platform, based on two functional components with nanoscale features, including (1) DNA⊂SNPs, supramolecular nanoparticle (SNP) vectors for gene encapsulation, and (2) Ad-SiNWS, adamantane (Ad)-grafted silicon nanowire substrates. The multivalent molecular recognition between the Ad motifs on Ad-SiNWS and the β-cyclodextrin (CD) motifs on DNA⊂SNPs leads to dynamic assembly and local enrichment of DNA⊂SNPs from the surrounding medium onto Ad-SiNWS. Subsequently, once cells settled on the substrate, DNA⊂SNPs enriched on Ad-SiNWS were introduced through the cell membranes by intimate contact with individual nanowires on Ad-SiNWS, resulting in a highly efficient delivery of exogenous genes. Most importantly, sequential delivery of multiple batches of exogenous genes on the same batch cells settled on Ad-SiNWS was realized by sequential additions of the corresponding DNA⊂SNPs with equivalent efficiency. Moreover, using the NSMD platform in vivo, cells recruited on subcutaneously transplanted Ad-SiNWS were also efficiently transfected with exogenous genes loaded into SNPs, validating the in vivo feasibility of this system. We believe that this nanosubstrate-mediated delivery platform will provide a superior system for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery and can be further used for the encapsulation and delivery of other biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, MED-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mitch André Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin-sil Choi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James R. Bernstein
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Parham Peyda
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Katherine W. Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - April D. Pyle
- Molecular Biology Institute, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Beijing 100190, China
- Address correspondence to , ,
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Beijing 100190, China
- Address correspondence to , ,
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , ,
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Dahlberg AM, Kaminskas LM, Smith A, Nicolazzo JA, Porter CJH, Bulitta JB, McIntosh MP. The Lymphatic System Plays a Major Role in the Intravenous and Subcutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Trastuzumab in Rats. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:496-504. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400464s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Dahlberg
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Alanna Smith
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Joseph A. Nicolazzo
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Centre
for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | - Michelle P. McIntosh
- Drug
Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Sikjaer T, Amstrup AK, Rolighed L, Kjaer SG, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L. PTH(1-84) replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism: a randomized controlled trial on pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects after 6 months of treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:2232-43. [PMID: 23649554 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Untreated, hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a state of hypocalcemia with inappropriately low plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and hyperphosphatemia. PTH administration normalizes plasma calcium and phosphate levels and reduces the doses of calcium and active vitamin D analogues needed. To develop an evidence-based clinical algorithm to monitor hypoPT patients treated with recombinant human PTH (rhPTH[1-84]) injected subcutaneously in the thigh, we performed a 24-hour monitoring study of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in a group of 38 patients who had completed a 6-month randomized study on effects of treatment with a fixed rhPTH(1-84) dose of 100 µg/d or similar placebo as an add-on to conventional treatment. PTH levels rose immediately, reaching a median peak level of 26.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 20.1-42.5) pmol/L 15 minutes following injection. Thereafter, levels gradually decreased until reaching predosing levels after 16 hours, with a plasma half-life of 2.2 (1.7-2.5) hours. rhPTH(1-84) changed the diurnal rhythms of ionized calcium levels and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2 D) levels, with rising levels following injection. Ionized calcium peaked after 7.0 (5.0-10.0) hours. Asymptomatic hypercalcemia was present in 71% of the rhPTH(1-84)-treated patients. Compared with placebo, 24-hour urinary calcium, phosphate, and magnesium did not change, although the diurnal variation in renal excretion rates changed significantly in response to treatment. In conclusion, as a safety precaution, we recommend occasionally measuring calcium levels at approximately 7 hours after administration in order to reveal episodes of hypercalcemia. A 100-µg daily dose of rhPTH(1-84) appears to be too high in some patients, suggesting a need for a device allowing for individual dose adjustments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sikjaer
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Chertok B, Webber MJ, Succi MD, Langer R. Drug delivery interfaces in the 21st century: from science fiction ideas to viable technologies. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3531-43. [PMID: 23915375 DOI: 10.1021/mp4003283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early science fiction envisioned the future of drug delivery as targeted micrometer-scale submarines and "cyborg" body parts. Here we describe the progression of the field toward technologies that are now beginning to capture aspects of this early vision. Specifically, we focus on the two most prominent types of systems in drug delivery: the intravascular micro/nano drug carriers for delivery to the site of pathology and drug-loaded implantable devices that facilitate release with the predefined kinetics or in response to a specific cue. We discuss the unmet clinical needs that inspire these designs, the physiological factors that pose difficult challenges for their realization, and viable technologies that promise robust solutions. We also offer a perspective on where drug delivery may be in the next 50 years based on expected advances in material engineering and in the context of future diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Chertok
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Hill A, Geißler S, Meyring M, Hecht S, Weigandt M, Mäder K. In vitro–in vivo evaluation of nanosuspension release from subcutaneously implantable osmotic pumps. Int J Pharm 2013; 451:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
142
|
PEGylation of interferon α2 improves lymphatic exposure after subcutaneous and intravenous administration and improves antitumour efficacy against lymphatic breast cancer metastases. J Control Release 2013; 168:200-8. [PMID: 23499718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of protein-based therapeutics with indications in the treatment of lymphatic diseases is expected to be improved by enhancing lymphatic disposition. This study was therefore aimed at examining whether PEGylation can usefully be applied to improve the lymphatic uptake of interferon α2 and whether this ultimately translates into improved therapeutic efficacy against lymph-resident cancer. The lymphatic pharmacokinetics of interferon α2b (IFN, 19kDa) and PEGylated interferon α2b (IFN-PEG12, 31kDa) or α2a (IFN-PEG40, 60kDa) was examined in thoracic lymph duct cannulated rats. IFN was poorly absorbed from the SC injection site (Fabs 36%) and showed little uptake into lymph after SC or IV administration (≤1%). In contrast, IFN-PEG12 was efficiently absorbed from the SC injection site (Fabs 82%) and approximately 20% and 8% of the injected dose was recovered in thoracic lymph over 30h after SC or IV administration respectively. IFN-PEG40, however, was incompletely absorbed from the SC injection site (Fabs 23%) and showed similar lymphatic access after SC administration to IFN-PEG12 (21%). The recovery of IFN-PEG40 in thoracic lymph after IV administration, however, was significantly greater (29%) when compared to IV IFN-PEG12. The anti-tumour efficacy of interferon against axillary metastases of a highly lymph-metastatic variant of human breast MDA-MB-231 carcinoma was significantly increased by SC administration of lymph-targeted IFN-PEG12 when compared to the administration of IFN on the ipsilateral side to the axillary metastasis. Optimal PEGylation may therefore represent a viable approach to improving the lymphatic disposition and efficacy of therapeutic proteins against lymphatic diseases.
Collapse
|
143
|
Hill A, Breyer S, Geissler S, Mier W, Haberkorn U, Weigandt M, Mäder K. How do in-vitro release profiles of nanosuspensions from Alzet® pumps correspond to the in-vivo situation? A case study on radiolabeled fenofibrate. J Control Release 2013; 168:77-87. [PMID: 23499716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In research and development sufficiently high and constant plasma levels of drug candidates are often requested, but simple solutions of hydrophobic drugs delivered from the commonly used micro-osmotic pumps cannot meet these demands. Nanosuspensions released from implanted osmotic devices can be a strategy to overcome this challenge but little is known about their pharmacokinetic behavior after subcutaneous application. In the current study, four different nanosuspension formulations containing iodinated fenofibrate were prepared, physicochemically characterized and investigated concerning their in-vitro release kinetics from osmotic pumps. One nanosuspension of lower viscosity exhibited thereby an unexpectedly first order release kinetics, whereas the higher viscous counterpart was released in the expected zero-order manner. To assess the relation of the in-vitro release kinetics to the in-vivo fate of nanosuspensions, various [(131)I] iodinated fenofibrate formulations were subcutaneously applied to mice. The biodistribution was followed by means of γ-scintigraphy and γ-scintillation. Two different nanosuspensions released from osmotic pumps were compared to bolus injections of a nanosuspension and an organic drug solution. The distribution and elimination of the bolus injected drug solution were almost completed within 48h. In contrast, a long lasting (>1week) depot at the injection site was formed by the bolus injected nanosuspension. Ex vivo examination of the organs showed a sustained, but exponential decrease of the radiolabel concentration. More constant drug levels in the organs were achieved within the nanosuspensions released from osmotic pumps. The organ levels of [(131)I] labeled fenofibrate were found to be more constant in case of the pump with the higher viscous nanosuspension in contrast to the lower viscous counterpart. However, the very different release profiles of the lower and higher viscous nanosuspension observed in-vitro were not observed in-vivo, as both pumps showed zero order release. In conclusion, nanosuspensions of poorly soluble compounds released from subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps can be a suitable approach in pharmacokinetic studies. Although the in-vivo release of nanosuspensions differed in the expected release profile from the in-vitro test results, these in-vitro release tests present a valuable tool for the pre-selection of suitable nanosuspension candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hill
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Wang L, Wang YS, Chen RY, Feng CL, Wang H, Zhu XW, Yu JN, Xu XM. Plga Microspheres as a Delivery Vehicle for Sustained Release of Tetracycline: Biodistribution in Mice After Subcutaneous Administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
145
|
Badiee A, Khamesipour A, Samiei A, Soroush D, Shargh VH, Kheiri MT, Barkhordari F, Robert Mc Master W, Mahboudi F, Jaafari MR. The role of liposome size on the type of immune response induced in BALB/c mice against leishmaniasis: rgp63 as a model antigen. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:403-9. [PMID: 22982807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient liposomal vaccine delivery system, the size of liposomes is critical to their adjuvant activities. In the present study, liposomes with different sizes (100, 400, 1000 nm) containing recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) were prepared, characterized, and inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice to evaluate the rate of protection and the type of immune response generated against leishmaniasis. The lowest footpad lesion size and splenic parasite burden were seen in the mice immunized with large size (≥400 nm) liposomes after challenge with Leishmania major. The production of IFN-γ was only elevated in the spleen cells of mice immunized with large size (≥400 nm) liposomes. The highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was also seen in the sera of the mice immunized with large size (≥400 nm) liposomes before and 14 weeks after challenge. The results showed that immunization with small size (100 nm) liposomes induces a Th2 response, whereas immunization with large size (≥400 nm) liposomes induces a Th1 type of immune response. There was no significant difference in the type of induced immune response between the mice immunized with liposomes of 400 nm and those immunized with liposomes of 1000 nm or unextruded. The results of the current study demonstrated that the size of liposomes plays a significant role in the type of generated immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Zhao Y, Wang C, Wang L, Yang Q, Tang W, She Z, Deng Y. A frustrating problem: Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles following subcutaneous injection in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:506-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
147
|
Vavalle JP, Rusconi CP, Zelenkofske S, Wargin WA, Alexander JH, Becker RC. A phase 1 ascending dose study of a subcutaneously administered factor IXa inhibitor and its active control agent. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1303-11. [PMID: 22500821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The REG2 anticoagulation system consists of pegnivacogin, a subcutaneously administered aptamer factor IXa inhibitor, and its intravenous control agent, anivamersen. OBJECTIVES To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses of REG2. PATIENTS/METHODS In this phase 1a study, 36 healthy volunteers were enrolled into five cohorts and given one dose of pegnivacogin. Cohorts 1 (n = 6) and 1A (n = 4) received 0.5 mg kg(-1); cohort 2 (n = 6) received 1.0 mg kg(-1); cohort 3 (n = 6) received 3.0 mg kg(-1); and cohort 4 (n = 8) received 2.0 mg kg(-1) . In cohorts 1-3, two subjects were randomized to placebo. Cohort 4 subjects were subsequently randomized to single-dose (n = 4) or multidose (n = 4) anivamersen. RESULTS The mean maximum observed concentrations of pegnivacogin in cohorts 1, 1A, 2 and 3 at median time were 5.16 μg mL(-1) at 84 h, 5.19 μg mL(-1) at 72 h, 9.32 μg mL(-1) at 90 h, and 32.5 μg mL(-1) at 84 h, respectively. The maximum relative activated partial thromboplastin time and time needed to achieve this were 1.18 at 2 days, 1.16 at 2 days, 1.27 at 3 days, and 1.85 at 2 days, respectively. The calculated mean half-life and mean residence times of pegnivacogin were 6.12 days and 9.6 days, respectively. There was rapid reversal with intravenous anivamersen, although subsequent reaccumulation of pegnivacogin was observed. CONCLUSIONS In our first-in-human study, REG2 was well tolerated and provided dose-proportional anticoagulation for several days after a single subcutaneous dose, with complete, although transient, reversal by its control agent. This study demonstrates the first application of a subcutaneously administered aptamer, and represents a potential advance in aptamer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Vavalle
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC Regado Biosciences Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ Pk Pm Associates, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Bagby TR, Cai S, Duan S, Thati S, Aires DJ, Forrest L. Impact of molecular weight on lymphatic drainage of a biopolymer-based imaging agent. Pharmaceutics 2012; 4:276-95. [PMID: 24300232 PMCID: PMC3834911 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics4020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New lymphatic imaging technologies are needed to better assess immune function and cancer progression and treatment. Lymphatic uptake depends mainly on particle size (10–100 nm) and charge. The size of carriers for imaging and drug delivery can be optimized to maximize lymphatic uptake, localize chemotherapy to lymphatic metastases, and enable visualization of treatment deposition. Toward this end, female BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad or forearm with a series of six different molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) near-infrared dye (HA-IR820) conjugates (ca. 5–200 nm). Mice were imaged using whole body fluorescent imaging over two weeks. HA-IR820 fluorescence was clearly visualized in the draining lymphatic capillaries, and in the popliteal and iliac or axillary lymph nodes. The 74-kDa HA-IR820 had the largest lymph node area-under-the-curve. In contrast to prior reports, mice bearing limb tumors exhibited three-fold longer retention of 74-kDa HA-IR820 in the popliteal node compared to mice without tumors. HA conjugate kinetics and disposition can be specifically tailored by altering their molecular weight. The specific lymphatic uptake and increased nodal retention of HA conjugates indicate significant potential for development as a natural biopolymer for intralymphatic drug delivery and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn R. Bagby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (T.R.B.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (T.R.B.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (S.T.)
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (T.R.B.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (S.T.)
| | - Sharadvi Thati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (T.R.B.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (S.T.)
| | - Daniel J. Aires
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (T.R.B.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (S.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-785-864-4338; Fax: +1-785-864-5736
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zheng Y, Tesar DB, Benincosa L, Birnböck H, Boswell CA, Bumbaca D, Cowan KJ, Danilenko DM, Daugherty AL, Fielder PJ, Grimm HP, Joshi A, Justies N, Kolaitis G, Lewin-Koh N, Li J, McVay S, O'Mahony J, Otteneder M, Pantze M, Putnam WS, Qiu ZJ, Ruppel J, Singer T, Stauch O, Theil FP, Visich J, Yang J, Ying Y, Khawli LA, Richter WF. Minipig as a potential translatable model for monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics after intravenous and subcutaneous administration. MAbs 2012; 4:243-55. [PMID: 22453096 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.4.2.19387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SC) delivery is a common route of administration for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties requiring long-term or frequent drug administration. An ideal in vivo preclinical model for predicting human PK following SC administration may be one in which the skin and overall physiological characteristics are similar to that of humans. In this study, the PK properties of a series of therapeutic mAbs following intravenous (IV) and SC administration in Göttingen minipigs were compared with data obtained previously from humans. The present studies demonstrated: (1) minipig is predictive of human linear clearance; (2) the SC bioavailabilities in minipigs are weakly correlated with those in human; (3) minipig mAb SC absorption rates are generally higher than those in human and (4) the SC bioavailability appears to correlate with systemic clearance in minipigs. Given the important role of the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) in the PK of mAbs, the in vitro binding affinities of these IgGs against porcine, human and cynomolgus monkey FcRn were tested. The result showed comparable FcRn binding affinities across species. Further, mAbs with higher isoelectric point tended to have faster systemic clearance and lower SC bioavailability in both minipig and human. Taken together, these data lend increased support for the use of the minipig as an alternative predictive model for human IV and SC PK of mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zheng
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Devin B Tesar
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lisa Benincosa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Pharma Research and Early Development; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.; Nutley, NJ USA
| | - Herbert Birnböck
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kyra J Cowan
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Ann L Daugherty
- Drug Delivery, Pharma Technical Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Paul J Fielder
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Hans Peter Grimm
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amita Joshi
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nicole Justies
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerry Kolaitis
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Pharma Research and Early Development; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.; Nutley, NJ USA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sami McVay
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer O'Mahony
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael Otteneder
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pantze
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wendy S Putnam
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Zhihua J Qiu
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Thomas Singer
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stauch
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank-Peter Theil
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jennifer Visich
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jihong Yang
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yong Ying
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Leslie A Khawli
- Research and Early Development; Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Wolfgang F Richter
- Pharma Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Bhansali SG, Balu-Iyer SV, Morris ME. Influence of route of administration and liposomal encapsulation on blood and lymph node exposure to the protein VEGF-C156S. J Pharm Sci 2011; 101:852-9. [PMID: 22030745 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
VEGF-C156S is a recombinant form of human vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), which targets the receptor VEGFR-3 present in the lymphatics. VEGF-C156S has lymphangiogenic properties and may represent a potential therapeutic approach in treating the lymphatic disease lymphedema. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that (1) subcutaneous (s.c.) injection will provide higher lymphatic exposure than intravenous (i.v.) administration of VEGF-C156S and (2) s.c. injection of liposomal (s.c. Lipo) VEGF-C156S will provide greater lymphatic exposure than nonliposomal proteins. The protein VEGF-C156S was radiolabeled with Iodine-125 by a modified chloramine-T method and encapsulated into liposomes. The protein was injected at a dose of 125 μg/kg to mice i.v. or s.c.; the liposomal preparation was administered s.c. (s.c. Lipo). Blood and lymph nodes were collected over 24 h. The mean residence time in lymph nodes after s.c. or s.c. (Lipo) administration was approximately double that following i.v. administration. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio of lymph node-blood after s.c. administration of VEGF-C156S was more than double of the AUC ratio after i.v. administration. The results suggest that lymph node exposure of VEGF-C156S was significantly higher after s.c. administration of liposomal or nonliposomal protein as compared with i.v. administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj G Bhansali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York 14260-1200, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|