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Xu X, Lu Y, Li Y, Prinz RA. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:284. [PMID: 29163356 PMCID: PMC5670164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. The initiation of thyroid cancer is often triggered by a genetic mutation in the phosphortidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, such as RAS and BRAF, or by the rearrangement of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase genes such as RET/PTC. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and plays an important role in the embryonic development of normal tissues and organs. Gene mutations in the Shh pathway are involved in basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Activation of the Shh pathway due to overexpression of the genes encoding the components of this pathway stimulates the growth and spread of a wide range of cancer types. The Shh pathway also plays an important role in cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. GDC-0449 and LDE-225, two inhibitors of this pathway, have been approved for treating BCC and are being tested as a single agent or in combination with other drugs for treating various other cancers. Here, we review the recent findings on activation of the Shh pathway in thyroid cancer and its role in maintaining thyroid CSC self-renewal. We also summarize the recent developments on crosstalk of the Shh pathway with the MAPK and PI3K oncogenic pathways, and its implications for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiulong Xu, ,
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard A. Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States
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102
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Simon E, Aguirre-Tamaral A, Aguilar G, Guerrero I. Perspectives on Intra- and Intercellular Trafficking of Hedgehog for Tissue Patterning. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4040034. [PMID: 29615597 PMCID: PMC5831803 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a fundamental process for correct tissue development. The mechanism of this process involves, among other things, the production and secretion of signaling molecules by specialized cell types and the capability of these signals to reach the target cells in order to trigger specific responses. Hedgehog (Hh) is one of the best-studied signaling pathways because of its importance during morphogenesis in many organisms. The Hh protein acts as a morphogen, activating its targets at a distance in a concentration-dependent manner. Post-translational modifications of Hh lead to a molecule covalently bond to two lipid moieties. These lipid modifications confer Hh high affinity to lipidic membranes, and intense studies have been carried out to explain its release into the extracellular matrix. This work reviews Hh molecule maturation, the intracellular recycling needed for its secretion and the proposed carriers to explain Hh transportation to the receiving cells. Special focus is placed on the role of specialized filopodia, also named cytonemes, in morphogen transport and gradient formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléanor Simon
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Aguirre-Tamaral
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Aguilar
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Guerrero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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103
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Ermilov AN, Kumari A, Li L, Joiner AM, Grachtchouk MA, Allen BL, Dlugosz AA, Mistretta CM. Maintenance of Taste Organs Is Strictly Dependent on Epithelial Hedgehog/GLI Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006442. [PMID: 27893742 PMCID: PMC5125561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For homeostasis, lingual taste papilla organs require regulation of epithelial cell survival and renewal, with sustained innervation and stromal interactions. To investigate a role for Hedgehog/GLI signaling in adult taste organs we used a panel of conditional mouse models to manipulate GLI activity within epithelial cells of the fungiform and circumvallate papillae. Hedgehog signaling suppression rapidly led to taste bud loss, papilla disruption, and decreased proliferation in domains of papilla epithelium that contribute to taste cells. Hedgehog responding cells were eliminated from the epithelium but retained in the papilla stromal core. Despite papilla disruption and loss of taste buds that are a major source of Hedgehog ligand, innervation to taste papillae was maintained, and not misdirected, even after prolonged GLI blockade. Further, vimentin-positive fibroblasts remained in the papilla core. However, retained innervation and stromal cells were not sufficient to maintain taste bud cells in the context of compromised epithelial Hedgehog signaling. Importantly taste organ disruption after GLI blockade was reversible in papillae that retained some taste bud cell remnants where reactivation of Hedgehog signaling led to regeneration of papilla epithelium and taste buds. Therefore, taste bud progenitors were either retained during epithelial GLI blockade or readily repopulated during recovery, and were poised to regenerate taste buds once Hedgehog signaling was restored, with innervation and papilla connective tissue elements in place. Our data argue that Hedgehog signaling is essential for adult tongue tissue maintenance and that taste papilla epithelial cells represent the key targets for physiologic Hedgehog-dependent regulation of taste organ homeostasis. Because disruption of GLI transcriptional activity in taste papilla epithelium is sufficient to drive taste organ loss, similar to pharmacologic Hedgehog pathway inhibition, the findings suggest that taste alterations in cancer patients using systemic Hedgehog pathway inhibitors result principally from interruption of signaling activity in taste papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre N Ermilov
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ariell M Joiner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marina A Grachtchouk
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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104
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Kahn BM, Corman TS, Lovelace K, Hong M, Krauss RS, Epstein DJ. Prenatal ethanol exposure in mice phenocopies Cdon mutation by impeding Shh function in the etiology of optic nerve hypoplasia. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:29-37. [PMID: 27935818 PMCID: PMC5278523 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a congenital disorder characterized by optic nerve, pituitary and midline brain malformations. The clinical presentation of SOD is highly variable with a poorly understood etiology. The majority of SOD cases are sporadic, but in rare instances inherited mutations have been identified in a small number of transcription factors, some of which regulate the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) during mouse forebrain development. SOD is also associated with young maternal age, suggesting that environmental factors, including alcohol consumption at early stages of pregnancy, might increase the risk of developing this condition. Here, we address the hypothesis that SOD is a multifactorial disorder stemming from interactions between mutations in Shh pathway genes and prenatal ethanol exposure. Mouse embryos with mutations in the Shh co-receptor, Cdon, were treated in utero with ethanol or saline at embryonic day 8 (E8.0) and evaluated for optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), a prominent feature of SOD. We show that both Cdon-/- mutation and prenatal ethanol exposure independently cause ONH through a similar pathogenic mechanism that involves selective inhibition of Shh signaling in retinal progenitor cells, resulting in their premature cell-cycle arrest, precocious differentiation and failure to properly extend axons to the optic nerve. The ONH phenotype was not exacerbated in Cdon-/- embryos treated with ethanol, suggesting that an intact Shh signaling pathway is required for ethanol to exert its teratogenic effects. These results support a model whereby mutations in Cdon and prenatal ethanol exposure increase SOD risk through spatiotemporal perturbations in Shh signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Kahn
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tanya S Corman
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Korah Lovelace
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mingi Hong
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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105
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Vuong TA, Leem YE, Kim BG, Cho H, Lee SJ, Bae GU, Kang JS. A Sonic hedgehog coreceptor, BOC regulates neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth via interaction with ABL and JNK activation. Cell Signal 2016; 30:30-40. [PMID: 27871935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is a critical step for neurogenesis and remodeling synaptic circuitry during neuronal development and regeneration. An immunoglobulin superfamily member, BOC functions as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) coreceptor in canonical and noncanonical Shh signaling in neuronal development and axon outgrowth/guidance. However signaling mechanisms responsible for BOC action during these processes remain unknown. In our previous studies, a multiprotein complex containing BOC and a closely related protein CDO promotes myogenic differentiation through activation of multiple signaling pathways, including non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL. Given that ABL and Jun. N-terminal kinase (JNK) are implicated in actin cytoskeletal dynamics required for neurogenesis, we investigated the relationship between BOC, ABL and JNK during neuronal differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that BOC and ABL are induced in P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during neuronal differentiation. BOC-depleted EC cells or Boc-/- NPCs exhibit impaired neuronal differentiation with shorter neurite formation. BOC interacts with ABL through its putative SH2 binding domain and seems to be phosphorylated in an ABL activity-dependent manner. Unlike wildtype BOC, ABL-binding defective BOC mutants exhibit impaired JNK activation and neuronal differentiation. Finally, Shh treatment enhances JNK activation which is diminished by BOC depletion. These data suggest that BOC interacts with ABL and activates JNK thereby promoting neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Vuong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Geon Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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106
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Norrie JL, Li Q, Co S, Huang BL, Ding D, Uy JC, Ji Z, Mackem S, Bedford MT, Galli A, Ji H, Vokes SA. PRMT5 is essential for the maintenance of chondrogenic progenitor cells in the limb bud. Development 2016; 143:4608-4619. [PMID: 27827819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, undifferentiated progenitor cells balance the generation of additional progenitor cells with differentiation. Within the developing limb, cartilage cells differentiate from mesodermal progenitors in an ordered process that results in the specification of the correct number of appropriately sized skeletal elements. The internal pathways by which these cells maintain an undifferentiated state while preserving their capacity to differentiate is unknown. Here, we report that the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 has a crucial role in maintaining progenitor cells. Mouse embryonic buds lacking PRMT5 have severely truncated bones with wispy digits lacking joints. This novel phenotype is caused by widespread cell death that includes mesodermal progenitor cells that have begun to precociously differentiate into cartilage cells. We propose that PRMT5 maintains progenitor cells through its regulation of Bmp4 Intriguingly, adult and embryonic stem cells also require PRMT5 for maintaining pluripotency, suggesting that similar mechanisms might regulate lineage-restricted progenitor cells during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Norrie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Swanie Co
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bau-Lin Huang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jann C Uy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1C (P.O. Box 389), Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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107
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Mo H, He J, Yuan Z, Mo L, Wu Z, Lin X, Liu B, Guan J. WT1 is involved in the Akt-JNK pathway dependent autophagy through directly regulating Gas1 expression in human osteosarcoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:74-80. [PMID: 27453337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein termed autophagy) works as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development under metabolic stress condition. Multitudes of genes have been found involved in this process during past decades. In the present study, we report that Wilm's tumor suppressor1 (WT1) is involved in autophagy in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. WT1, a transcription factor with multitude of target genes, expresses in a majority of cancer types. Though wide-ranging effect of WT1 is now well documented, the function of WT1 in tumors remains poorly defined. In this chapter, it is found that high expression of WT1 positively correlates with active autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells. And further study on cell signaling pathway illustrates that Akt/JNK pathway acts as a positive regulator of autophagy induced by WT1. Here, we present evidence that WT1 modulates Akt/JNK signaling pathway mediated autophagy by controlling the expression of growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1). We show that WT1 is required for Gas1 transcription in osteosarcoma cells. And Gas1 is upregulated followed WT1 overexpression in a time-dependent manner. Loss of Gas1 results in a reduction of WT1-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Juliang He
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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108
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Ramsbottom SA, Pownall ME, Roelink H, Conway SJ. Regulation of Hedgehog Signalling Inside and Outside the Cell. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 27547735 PMCID: PMC4990124 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is conserved throughout metazoans and plays an important regulatory role in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Many levels of regulation exist that control the release, reception, and interpretation of the hedgehog signal. The fatty nature of the Shh ligand means that it tends to associate tightly with the cell membrane, and yet it is known to act as a morphogen that diffuses to elicit pattern formation. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a major role in the regulation of Hh distribution outside the cell. Inside the cell, the primary cilium provides an important hub for processing the Hh signal in vertebrates. This review will summarise the current understanding of how the Hh pathway is regulated from ligand production, release, and diffusion, through to signal reception and intracellular transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)191-241-8612
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109
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Mesocortical Dopamine Phenotypes in Mice Lacking the Sonic Hedgehog Receptor Cdon. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0009-16. [PMID: 27419218 PMCID: PMC4942720 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0009-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated behaviors and many psychopathologies typically involve changes in dopamine release from the projections of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and/or the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) specifies fates of midbrain dopamine neurons, but VTA-specific effects of Shh signaling are also being uncovered. In this study, we assessed the role of the Shh receptor Cdon in the development of VTA and SNc dopamine neurons. We find that Cdon is expressed in the proliferating progenitor zone of the embryonic ventral midbrain and that the number of proliferating cells in this region is increased in mouse Cdon(-/-) embryos. Consistent with a role of Shh in the regulation of neuronal proliferation in this region, we find that the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons is increased in the VTA of Cdon(-/-) mice at birth and that this effect endures into adulthood. In contrast, the number of TH-positive neurons in the SNc is not altered in Cdon(-/-) mice at either age. Moreover, adult Cdon(-/-) mice have a greater number of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine presynaptic sites, and increased baseline concentrations of dopamine and dopamine metabolites selectively in this region. Finally, consistent with increased dopamine function in the mPFC, we find that adult Cdon(-/-) mice fail to exhibit behavioral plasticity upon repeated amphetamine treatment. Based on these data, we suggest that Cdon plays an important role encoding the diversity of dopamine neurons in the midbrain, influencing both the development of the mesocortical dopamine pathway and behavioral outputs that involve this neural circuitry.
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110
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Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Hh proteins have been shown to play roles in many developmental processes and have become paradigms for classical morphogens. Dysfunction of the Hh pathway underlies a number of human developmental abnormalities and diseases, making it an important therapeutic target. Interest in Hh signalling thus extends across many fields, from evo-devo to cancer research and regenerative medicine. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide an outline of the current understanding of Hh signalling mechanisms, highlighting the similarities and differences between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Teck Ho Lee
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A* STAR), Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921 Singapore
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A* STAR), Singapore, 138673 Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921 Singapore Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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111
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Chitsazan A, Ferguson B, Ram R, Mukhopadhyay P, Handoko HY, Gabrielli B, Soyer PH, Morahan G, Walker GJ. A mutation in theCdongene potentiates congenital nevus development mediated by NRASQ61K. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:459-64. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Chitsazan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston QLD Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland (UQ); Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Blake Ferguson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston QLD Australia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Centre for Diabetes Research; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth WA Australia
| | | | | | - Brian Gabrielli
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland (UQ); Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Peter H Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre; UQ School of Medicine; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Perth WA Australia
| | - Graeme J. Walker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Herston QLD Australia
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112
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Ayala-Sarmiento AE, Estudillo E, Pérez-Sánchez G, Sierra-Sánchez A, González-Mariscal L, Martínez-Fong D, Segovia J. GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed in the choroid plexus of the adult rat. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:325-36. [PMID: 27225491 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) is a GPI-anchored protein that inhibits proliferation when overexpressed in tumors but during development it promotes proliferation and survival of different organs and tissues. This dual ability is caused by its capacity to interact both by inhibiting the signaling induced by the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and by facilitating the activity of the sonic hedgehog pathway. GAS1 is expressed as membrane bound in different organs and as a secreted form by glomerular mesangial cells. In the developing central nervous system, GAS1 is found in neural progenitors; however, it continues to be expressed in the adult brain. Here, we demonstrate that soluble GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and it is expressed in the choroid plexus (CP) of the adult rat, the main producer of CSF. Additionally, we confirm the presence of GAS1 in blood plasma and liver of the adult rat, the principal source of blood plasma proteins. The pattern of expression of GAS1 is perivascular in both the CP and the liver. In vitro studies show that the fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3 expresses one form of GAS1 and releases two soluble forms into the supernatant. Briefly, in the present work, we show the presence of GAS1 in adult rat body fluids focusing in the CSF and the CP, and suggest that secreted GAS1 exists as two different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Ayala-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Arturo Sierra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - José Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN #2508, 07360, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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Gurung B, Hua X. Menin/PRMT5/hedgehog signaling: a potential target for the treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 tumors. Epigenomics 2016; 5:469-71. [PMID: 24059791 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Gurung
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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114
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Barthelery NJ, Manfredi JJ. Cerebellum Development and Tumorigenesis: A p53-Centric Perspective. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:404-413. [PMID: 27085812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The p53 protein has been extensively studied for its role in suppressing tumorigenesis, in part through surveillance and maintenance of genomic stability. p53 has been associated with the induction of a variety of cellular outcomes including cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. This occurs primarily, but not exclusively, through transcriptional activation of specific target genes. By contrast, the participation of p53 in normal developmental processes has been largely understudied. This review focuses on possible functions of p53 in cerebellar development. It can be argued that a better understanding of such mechanisms will provide needed insight into the genesis of certain embryonic cancers including medulloblastomas, and thus lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Barthelery
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Fleury A, Hoch L, Martinez MC, Faure H, Taddei M, Petricci E, Manetti F, Girard N, Mann A, Jacques C, Larghero J, Ruat M, Andriantsitohaina R, Le Lay S. Hedgehog associated to microparticles inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a non-canonical pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23479. [PMID: 27010359 PMCID: PMC4806302 DOI: 10.1038/srep23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) is a critical regulator of adipogenesis. Extracellular vesicles are natural Hh carriers, as illustrated by activated/apoptotic lymphocytes specifically shedding microparticles (MP) bearing the morphogen (MP(Hh+)). We show that MP(Hh+) inhibit adipocyte differentiation and orientate mesenchymal stem cells towards a pro-osteogenic program. Despite a Smoothened (Smo)-dependency, MP(Hh+) anti-adipogenic effects do not activate a canonical Hh signalling pathway in contrast to those elicited either by the Smo agonist SAG or recombinant Sonic Hedgehog. The Smo agonist GSA-10 recapitulates many of the hallmarks of MP(Hh+) anti-adipogenic effects. The adipogenesis blockade induced by MP(Hh+) and GSA-10 was abolished by the Smo antagonist LDE225. We further elucidate a Smo/Lkb1/Ampk axis as the non-canonical Hh pathway used by MP(Hh+) and GSA-10 to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. Our results highlight for the first time the ability of Hh-enriched MP to signal via a non-canonical pathway opening new perspectives to modulate fat development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Fleury
- INSERM U1063, Université d'Angers, IBS-IRIS Rue des Capucins, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Lucile Hoch
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- INSERM U1063, Université d'Angers, IBS-IRIS Rue des Capucins, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicolas Girard
- CNRS, UMR-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, BP 60024, F-67401 Illkirch, France
| | - André Mann
- CNRS, UMR-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, BP 60024, F-67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Caroline Jacques
- INSERM U1063, Université d'Angers, IBS-IRIS Rue des Capucins, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire; Inserm UMR1160 et CIC de Biothérapies; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM U1063, Université d'Angers, IBS-IRIS Rue des Capucins, F-49100 Angers, France
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Christ A, Herzog K, Willnow TE. LRP2, an auxiliary receptor that controls sonic hedgehog signaling in development and disease. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:569-79. [PMID: 26872844 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To fulfill their multiple roles in organ development and adult tissue homeostasis, hedgehog (HH) morphogens act through their receptor Patched (PTCH) on target cells. However, HH actions also require HH binding proteins, auxiliary cell surface receptors that agonize or antagonize morphogen signaling in a context-dependent manner. Here, we discuss recent findings on the LDL receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2), an exemplary HH binding protein that modulates sonic hedgehog activities in stem and progenitor cell niches in embryonic and adult tissues. LRP2 functions are crucial for developmental processes in a number of tissues, including the brain, the eye, and the heart, and defects in this receptor pathway are the cause of devastating congenital diseases in humans. Developmental Dynamics 245:569-579, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Christ
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Herzog
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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117
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Primary Cilia in the Murine Cerebellum and in Mutant Models of Medulloblastoma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:145-154. [PMID: 26935062 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular primary cilia crucially sense and transduce extracellular physicochemical stimuli. Cilium-mediated developmental signaling is tissue and cell type specific. Primary cilia are required for cerebellar differentiation and sonic hedgehog (Shh)-dependent proliferation of neuronal granule precursors. The mammalian G-protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 is specifically expressed in cerebellar Bergmann glia astrocytes and participates in regulating postnatal cerebellar granule neuron proliferation/differentiation and Bergmann glia and Purkinje neuron maturation. The mouse receptor protein interacts with the patched 1 component of the cilium-associated Shh receptor complex. Mice heterozygous for patched homolog 1 mutations, like heterozygous patched 1 humans, have a higher incidence of Shh subgroup medulloblastoma (MB) and other tumors. Cerebellar cells bearing primary cilia were identified during postnatal development and in adulthood in two mouse strains with altered Shh signaling: a G-protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 null mutant and an MB-susceptible, heterozygous patched homolog 1 mutant. In addition to granule and Purkinje neurons, primary cilia were also expressed by Bergmann glia astrocytes in both wild-type and mutant animals, from birth to adulthood. Variations in ciliary number and length were related to the different levels of neuronal and glial cell proliferation and maturation, during postnatal cerebellar development. Primary cilia were also detected in pre-neoplastic MB lesions in heterozygous patched homolog 1 mutant mice and they could represent specific markers for the development and analysis of novel cerebellar oncogenic models.
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Abstract
The hedgehog signaling pathway was first discovered in the 1980s. It is a stem cell-related pathway that plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and organogenesis. Aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling leads to pathological consequences, including a variety of human tumors such as pancreatic cancer. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that blockade of this pathway with several small-molecule inhibitors can inhibit the development of pancreatic neoplasm. In addition, activated hedgehog signaling has been reported to be involved in fibrogenesis in many tissues, including the pancreas. Therefore, new therapeutic targets based on hedgehog signaling have attracted a great deal of attention to alleviate pancreatic diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the recent advances in hedgehog signaling in pancreatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis and highlight new insights on their potential relationship with respect to the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Bai
- From the Wenzhou Medical University (Yongyu Bai, JD, QL, YJ, MZ); and Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery (Yongheng Bai, BC), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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119
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Gurdziel K, Vogt KR, Schneider G, Richards N, Gumucio DL. Computational prediction and experimental validation of novel Hedgehog-responsive enhancers linked to genes of the Hedgehog pathway. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26912062 PMCID: PMC4765071 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, acting through three homologous transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2, GLI3) in vertebrates, plays multiple roles in embryonic organ development and adult tissue homeostasis. At the level of the genome, GLI factors bind to specific motifs in enhancers, some of which are hundreds of kilobases removed from the gene promoter. These enhancers integrate the Hh signal in a context-specific manner to control the spatiotemporal pattern of target gene expression. Importantly, a number of genes that encode Hh pathway molecules are themselves targets of Hh signaling, allowing pathway regulation by an intricate balance of feed-back activation and inhibition. However, surprisingly few of the critical enhancer elements that control these pathway target genes have been identified despite the fact that such elements are central determinants of Hh signaling activity. Recently, ChIP studies have been carried out in multiple tissue contexts using mouse models carrying FLAG-tagged GLI proteins (GLI(FLAG)). Using these datasets, we tested whether a meta-analysis of GLI binding sites, coupled with a machine learning approach, could reveal genomic features that could be used to empirically identify Hh-regulated enhancers linked to loci of the Hh signaling pathway. RESULTS A meta-analysis of four existing GLI(FLAG) datasets revealed a library of GLI binding motifs that was substantially more restricted than the potential sites predicted by previous in vitro binding studies. A machine learning method (kmer-SVM) was then applied to these datasets and enriched k-mers were identified that, when applied to the mouse genome, predicted as many as 37,000 potential Hh enhancers. For functional analysis, we selected nine regions which were annotated to putative Hh pathway molecules and found that seven exhibited GLI-dependent activity, indicating that they are directly regulated by Hh signaling (78% success rate). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Hh enhancer regions share common sequence features. The kmer-SVM machine learning approach identifies those features and can successfully predict functional Hh regulatory regions in genomic DNA surrounding Hh pathway molecules and likely, other Hh targets. Additionally, the library of enriched GLI binding motifs that we have identified may allow improved identification of functional GLI binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kyle R Vogt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil Richards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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120
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A Shh coreceptor Cdo is required for efficient cardiomyogenesis of pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:57-66. [PMID: 26906632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays an important role for early heart development, such as heart looping and cardiomyogenesis of pluripotent stem cells. A multifunctional receptor Cdo functions as a Shh coreceptor together with Boc and Gas1 to activate Shh signaling and these coreceptors seem to play compensatory roles in early heart development. Thus in this study, we examined the role of Cdo in cardiomyogenesis by utilizing an in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Here we show that Cdo is required for efficient cardiomyogenesis of pluripotent stem cells by activation of Shh signaling. Cdo is induced concurrently with Shh signaling activation upon induction of cardiomyogenesis of P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Cdo-depleted P19 EC and Cdo(-/-) mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells display decreased expression of key cardiac regulators, including Gata4, Nkx2.5 and Mef2c and this decrease coincides with reduced Shh signaling activities. Furthermore Cdo deficiency causes a stark reduction in formation of mature contractile cardiomyocytes. This defect in cardiomyogenesis is overcome by reactivation of Shh signaling at the early specification stage of cardiomyogenesis. The Shh agonist treatment restores differentiation capacities of Cdo-deficient ES cells into contractile cardiomyocytes by recovering both the expression of early cardiac regulators and structural genes such as cardiac troponin T and Connexin 43. Therefore Cdo is required for efficient cardiomyogenesis of pluripotent stem cells and an excellent target to improve the differentiation potential of stem cells for generation of transplantable cells to treat cardiomyopathies.
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121
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Xavier GM, Seppala M, Barrell W, Birjandi AA, Geoghegan F, Cobourne MT. Hedgehog receptor function during craniofacial development. Dev Biol 2016; 415:198-215. [PMID: 26875496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog signalling pathway plays a fundamental role in orchestrating normal craniofacial development in vertebrates. In particular, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced in three key domains during the early formation of the head; neuroectoderm of the ventral forebrain, facial ectoderm and the pharyngeal endoderm; with signal transduction evident in both ectodermal and mesenchymal tissue compartments. Shh signalling from the prechordal plate and ventral midline of the diencephalon is required for appropriate division of the eyefield and forebrain, with mutation in a number of pathway components associated with Holoprosencephaly, a clinically heterogeneous developmental defect characterized by a failure of the early forebrain vesicle to divide into distinct halves. In addition, signalling from the pharyngeal endoderm and facial ectoderm plays an essential role during development of the face, influencing cranial neural crest cells that migrate into the early facial processes. In recent years, the complexity of Shh signalling has been highlighted by the identification of multiple novel proteins that are involved in regulating both the release and reception of this protein. Here, we review the contributions of Shh signalling during early craniofacial development, focusing on Hedgehog receptor function and describing the consequences of disruption for inherited anomalies of this region in both mouse models and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Xavier
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maisa Seppala
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - William Barrell
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anahid A Birjandi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Finn Geoghegan
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Abstract
It is thought that most structural birth defects are caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors that interact to interfere with morphogenetic processes. It is important not only to identify individual genetic and environmental risk factors for particular defects but also to identify which environmental factors interact specifically with which genetic variants that predispose to the same defect. Genomic and epidemiological studies are critical to this end. Development and analysis of model systems will also be essential for this goal, as well as for understanding the mechanisms that underlie specific gene-environment interactions.
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123
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Luo HS, Zhan T, Huang XD. Relationship between Hedgehog signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:75-80. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway consists of ligands such as Hh, receptor (patched), transmembrane protein Smo, nuclear transcription factor Gli, and downstream target genes. This pathway plays an important role in cell differentiation, tissue development and organ formation in the embryonic stage. In recent years, the Hh signaling pathway has been reported to play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. It can induce differentiation, proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Blocking the Hh signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells will provide a new and effective method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the composition of the Hh signaling pathway and its relationship with the development of pancreatic cancer.
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124
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Ren YA, Liu Z, Mullany LK, Fan CM, Richards JS. Growth Arrest Specific-1 (GAS1) Is a C/EBP Target Gene That Functions in Ovulation and Corpus Luteum Formation in Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:44. [PMID: 26740594 PMCID: PMC4787628 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation and luteinization are initiated in preovulatory follicles by the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge; however, the signaling events that mediate LH actions in these follicles remain incompletely defined. Two key transcription factors that are targets of LH surge are C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta, and their depletion in granulosa cells results in complete infertility. Microarray analyses of these mutant mice revealed altered expression of a number of genes, including growth arrest specific-1 (Gas1). To investigate functions of Gas1 in ovulation- and luteinization-related processes, we crossed Cyp19a1-Cre and Gas1flox/flox mice to conditionally delete Gas1 in granulosa and cumulus cells. While expression of Gas1 is dramatically increased in granulosa and cumulus cells around 12–16 h post-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation in wild-type mice, this increase is abolished in Cebpa/b double mutant and in Gas1 mutant mice. GAS1 is also dynamically expressed in stromal cells of the ovary independent of C/EBPalpha/beta. Female Gas1 mutant mice are fertile, exhibit enhanced rates of ovulation, increased fertility, and higher levels of Areg and Lhcgr mRNA in granulosa cells. The morphological appearance and vascularization of corpora lutea appeared normal in these mutant females. Interestingly, levels of mRNA for a number of genes (Cyp11a1, Star, Wnt4, Prlr, Cd52, and Sema3a) associated with luteinization are decreased in corpora lutea of Gas1 mutant mice as compared with controls at 24 h post-hCG; these differences were no longer detectable by 48 h post-hCG. The C/EBP target Gas1 is induced in granulosa cells and is associated with ovulation and luteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi A Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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125
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The many lives of SHH in limb development and evolution. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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126
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Estudillo E, Zavala P, Pérez-Sánchez G, Ayala-Sarmiento AE, Segovia J. Gas1 is present in germinal niches of developing dentate gyrus and cortex. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:369-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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127
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Abstract
Since its discovery nearly 30 years ago, the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been shown to be pivotal in many developmental and pathophysiological processes in several steroidogenic tissues, including the testis, ovary, adrenal cortex, and placenta. New evidence links the evolutionarily conserved Hh pathway to the steroidogenic organs, demonstrating how Hh signaling can influence their development and homeostasis and can act in concert with steroids to mediate physiological functions. In this review, we highlight the role of the components of the Hh signaling pathway in steroidogenesis of endocrine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Finco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; , ,
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128
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Allen BK, Stathias V, Maloof ME, Vidovic D, Winterbottom EF, Capobianco AJ, Clarke J, Schurer S, Robbins DJ, Ayad NG. Epigenetic pathways and glioblastoma treatment: insights from signaling cascades. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:351-63. [PMID: 25290986 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify novel therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) as most therapies are ineffective. A first step in this process is to identify and validate targets for therapeutic intervention. Epigenetic modulators have emerged as attractive drug targets in several cancers including GBM. These epigenetic regulators affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic regulators interact with drivers of GBM cell and stem-like cell proliferation. These drivers include components of the Notch, Hedgehog, and Wingless (WNT) pathways. We highlight recent studies connecting epigenetic and signaling pathways in GBM. We also review systems and big data approaches for identifying patient specific therapies in GBM. Collectively, these studies will identify drug combinations that may be effective in GBM and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce K Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Florida, 33136
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129
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Cochrane CR, Szczepny A, Watkins DN, Cain JE. Hedgehog Signaling in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1554-85. [PMID: 26270676 PMCID: PMC4586784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a rare population of cells with the capacity to self-renew and give rise to heterogeneous cell lineages within a tumour. Whilst the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CSCs are poorly defined, key developmental signaling pathways required for normal stem and progenitor functions have been strongly implicated. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an evolutionarily-conserved pathway essential for self-renewal and cell fate determination. Aberrant Hh signaling is associated with the development and progression of various types of cancer and is implicated in multiple aspects of tumourigenesis, including the maintenance of CSCs. Here, we discuss the mounting evidence suggestive of Hh-driven CSCs in the context of haematological malignancies and solid tumours and the novel strategies that hold the potential to block many aspects of the transformation attributed to the CSC phenotype, including chemotherapeutic resistance, relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Cochrane
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Anette Szczepny
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - D Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
- UNSW Faculty of Medicine, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Sacilotto N, Castillo J, Riffo-Campos ÁL, Flores JM, Hibbitt O, Wade-Martins R, López C, Rodrigo MI, Franco L, López-Rodas G. Growth Arrest Specific 1 (Gas1) Gene Overexpression in Liver Reduces the In Vivo Progression of Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Partially Restores Gene Expression Levels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132477. [PMID: 26161998 PMCID: PMC4498802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients is usually poor, the size of tumors being a limiting factor for surgical treatments. Present results suggest that the overexpression of Gas1 (growth arrest specific 1) gene reduces the size, proliferating activity and malignancy of liver tumors. Mice developing diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma were subjected to hydrodynamic gene delivery to overexpress Gas1 in liver. This treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of large tumors, while the difference in the total number of lesions was not significant. Moreover, the number of carcinoma foci in the liver and the number of lung metastases were reduced. These results are related with the finding that overexpression of Gas1 in Hepa 1-6 cells arrests cell cycle before S phase, with a significant (p < 0.01) and concomitant reduction in the expression of cyclin E2 gene. In addition, a triangular analysis of microarray data shows that Gas1 overexpression restores the transcription levels of 150 genes whose expression was affected in the diethylnitrosamine-induced tumors, thirteen of which are involved in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Since the in vivo Gas1 gene delivery to livers of mice carrying hepatocellular carcinoma reduces the size and proliferating activity of tumors, partially restoring the transcriptional profile of the liver, the present study opens promising insights towards a therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sacilotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josefa Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela L. Riffo-Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juana M. Flores
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Hibbitt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos López
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Rodrigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerardo López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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131
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Holtz AM, Griffiths SC, Davis SJ, Bishop B, Siebold C, Allen BL. Secreted HHIP1 interacts with heparan sulfate and regulates Hedgehog ligand localization and function. J Cell Biol 2015; 209:739-57. [PMID: 26056142 PMCID: PMC4460154 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate Hedgehog (HH) signaling is controlled by several ligand-binding antagonists including Patched-1 (PTCH1), PTCH2, and HH-interacting protein 1 (HHIP1), whose collective action is essential for proper HH pathway activity. However, the molecular mechanisms used by these inhibitors remain poorly understood. In this paper, we investigated the mechanisms underlying HHIP1 antagonism of HH signaling. Strikingly, we found evidence that HHIP1 non-cell-autonomously inhibits HH-dependent neural progenitor patterning and proliferation. Furthermore, this non-cell-autonomous antagonism of HH signaling results from the secretion of HHIP1 that is modulated by cell type-specific interactions with heparan sulfate (HS). These interactions are mediated by an HS-binding motif in the cysteine-rich domain of HHIP1 that is required for its localization to the neuroepithelial basement membrane (BM) to effectively antagonize HH pathway function. Our data also suggest that endogenous, secreted HHIP1 localization to HS-containing BMs regulates HH ligand distribution. Overall, the secreted activity of HHIP1 represents a novel mechanism to regulate HH ligand localization and function during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Holtz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Samuel C Griffiths
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Samantha J Davis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Benjamin Bishop
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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132
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Lee HJ, Jo SB, Romer AI, Lim HJ, Kim MJ, Koo SH, Krauss RS, Kang JS. Overweight in mice and enhanced adipogenesis in vitro are associated with lack of the hedgehog coreceptor boc. Diabetes 2015; 64:2092-103. [PMID: 25576054 PMCID: PMC4439556 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. However, the processes that regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion at the level of the adipocyte are not well understood. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway plays a conserved role in adipogenesis, inhibiting fat formation in vivo and in vitro, but it has not been shown that mice with reduced HH pathway activity have enhanced adiposity. We report that mice lacking the HH coreceptor BOC displayed age-related overweight and excess WAT. They also displayed alterations in some metabolic parameters but normal food intake. Furthermore, they had an exacerbated response to a high-fat diet, including enhanced weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy, livers with greater fat accumulation, and elevated expression of genes related to adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and adipokine production. Cultured Boc(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts showed enhanced adipogenesis relative to Boc(+/+) cells, and they expressed reduced levels of HH pathway target genes. Therefore, a loss-of-function mutation in an HH pathway component is associated with WAT accumulation and overweight in mice. Variant alleles of such HH regulators may contribute to WAT accumulation in human individuals with additional genetic or lifestyle-based predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Bum Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony I Romer
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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133
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Hsia EYC, Gui Y, Zheng X. Regulation of Hedgehog signaling by ubiquitination. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2015; 10:203-220. [PMID: 26366162 PMCID: PMC4564008 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-015-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays crucial roles both in embryonic development and in adult stem cell function. The timing, duration and location of Hh signaling activity need to be tightly controlled. Abnormalities of Hh signal transduction lead to birth defects or malignant tumors. Recent data point to ubiquitination-related posttranslational modifications of several key Hh pathway components as an important mechanism of regulation of the Hh pathway. Here we review how ubiquitination regulates the localization, stability and activity of the key Hh signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y. C. Hsia
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Yirui Gui
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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134
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Song JY, Holtz AM, Pinskey JM, Allen BL. Distinct structural requirements for CDON and BOC in the promotion of Hedgehog signaling. Dev Biol 2015; 402:239-52. [PMID: 25848697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proper levels of Hedgehog (HH) signaling are essential during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. A central mechanism to control HH pathway activity is through the regulation of secreted HH ligands at the plasma membrane. Recent studies have revealed a collective requirement for the cell surface co-receptors GAS1, CDON and BOC in HH signal transduction. Despite their requirement in HH pathway function, the mechanisms by which these proteins act to promote HH signaling remain poorly understood. Here we focus on the function of the two structurally related co-receptors, CDON and BOC. We utilized an in vivo gain-of-function approach in the developing chicken spinal cord to dissect the structural requirements for CDON and BOC function in HH signal transduction. Notably, we find that although CDON and BOC display functional redundancy during HH-dependent ventral neural patterning, these molecules utilize distinct molecular mechanisms to execute their HH-promoting effects. Specifically, we define distinct membrane attachment requirements for CDON and BOC function in HH signal transduction. Further, we identify novel and separate extracellular motifs in CDON and BOC that are required to promote HH signaling. Together, these data suggest that HH co-receptors employ distinct mechanisms to mediate HH pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander M Holtz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justine M Pinskey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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135
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Cohen M, Kicheva A, Ribeiro A, Blassberg R, Page KM, Barnes CP, Briscoe J. Ptch1 and Gli regulate Shh signalling dynamics via multiple mechanisms. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6709. [PMID: 25833741 PMCID: PMC4396374 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate neural tube, the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) establishes a characteristic pattern of gene expression. Here we quantify the Shh gradient in the developing mouse neural tube and show that while the amplitude of the gradient increases over time, the activity of the pathway transcriptional effectors, Gli proteins, initially increases but later decreases. Computational analysis of the pathway suggests three mechanisms that could contribute to this adaptation: transcriptional upregulation of the inhibitory receptor Ptch1, transcriptional downregulation of Gli and the differential stability of active and inactive Gli isoforms. Consistent with this, Gli2 protein expression is downregulated during neural tube patterning and adaptation continues when the pathway is stimulated downstream of Ptch1. Moreover, the Shh-induced upregulation of Gli2 transcription prevents Gli activity levels from adapting in a different cell type, NIH3T3 fibroblasts, despite the upregulation of Ptch1. Multiple mechanisms therefore contribute to the intracellular dynamics of Shh signalling, resulting in different signalling dynamics in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cohen
- MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Anna Kicheva
- MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Robert Blassberg
- MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Mathematics and CoMPLEX, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chris P Barnes
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Briscoe
- MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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136
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Kugler MC, Joyner AL, Loomis CA, Munger JS. Sonic hedgehog signaling in the lung. From development to disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:1-13. [PMID: 25068457 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0132tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the secreted protein sonic hedgehog (SHH) has emerged as a critical morphogen during embryonic lung development, regulating the interaction between epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations in the airway and alveolar compartments. There is increasing evidence that the SHH pathway is active in adult lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, which raises two questions: (1) What role does SHH signaling play in these diseases? and (2) Is it a primary driver of the disease or a response (perhaps beneficial) to the primary disturbance? In this review we aim to fill the gap between the well-studied period of embryonic lung development and the adult diseased lung by reviewing the hedgehog (HH) pathway during the postnatal period and in adult uninjured and injured lungs. We elucidate the similarities and differences in the epithelial-mesenchymal interplay during the fibrosis response to injury in lung compared with other organs and present a critical appraisal of tools and agents available to evaluate HH signaling.
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137
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Hedgehog signaling: From basic research to clinical applications. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:569-76. [PMID: 25701396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the major signaling pathways have revealed a connection between development, regeneration, and cancer, highlighting common signaling networks in these processes. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a central role in the development of most tissues and organs in mammals. Hh signaling is also required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration in adults, while perturbed Hh signaling is associated with human cancers. A fundamental understanding of Hh signaling will not only enhance our knowledge of how the embryos are patterned but also provide tools to treat diseases related to aberrant Hh signaling. Studies have yielded a basic framework of Hh signaling, which establishes the foundation for addressing unresolved issues of Hh signaling. A detailed characterization of the biochemical interactions between Hh components will help explain the production of graded Hh responses required for tissue patterning. Additional cell biological and genetic studies will offer new insight into the role of Hh signaling in homeostasis and regeneration. Finally, drugs that are capable of manipulating the Hh pathway can be used to treat human diseases caused by disrupted Hh signaling. These investigations will serve as a paradigm for studying signal transduction/integration in homeostasis and disease, and for translating discovery from bench to bedside.
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138
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Walker KA, Ikeda Y, Zabbarova I, Schaefer CM, Bushnell D, De Groat WC, Kanai A, Bates CM. Fgfr2 is integral for bladder mesenchyme patterning and function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F888-98. [PMID: 25656370 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00624.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While urothelial signals, including sonic hedgehog (Shh), drive bladder mesenchyme differentiation, it is unclear which pathways within the mesenchyme are critical for its development. Studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr)2 is necessary for kidney and ureter mesenchymal development. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of Fgfr2 in the bladder mesenchyme. We used Tbx18cre mice to delete Fgfr2 in the bladder mesenchyme (Fgfr2(BM-/-)). We performed three-dimensional reconstructions, quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, immunolabeling, ELISAs, immunoblot analysis, void stain on paper, ex vivo bladder sheet assays, and in vivo decerebrated cystometry. Compared with control bladders, embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5) Fgfr2(BM-/-) bladders had thin muscle layers with less α-smooth muscle actin and thickened lamina propria with increased collagen type Ia and IIIa that intruded into the muscle. The reciprocal changes in mutant layer thicknesses appeared partly due to a cell fate switch. From postnatal days 1 to 30, Fgfr2(BM-/-) bladders demonstrated progressive muscle loss and increased collagen expression. Postnatal Fgfr2(BM-/-) bladder sheets exhibited decreased agonist-mediated contractility and increased passive stretch tension versus control bladder sheets. Cystometry revealed high baseline and threshold pressures and shortened intercontractile intervals in Fgfr2(BM-/-) versus control bladders. Mechanistically, whereas Shh expression appeared normal, mRNA and protein readouts of hedgehog activity were increased in E16.5 Fgfr2(BM-/-) versus control bladders. Moreover, E16.5 Fgfr2(BM-/-) bladders exhibited higher levels of Cdo and Boc, hedgehog coreceptors that enhance sensitivity to Shh, compared with control bladders. In conclusion, loss of Fgfr2 in the bladder mesenchyme leads to abnormal bladder morphology and decreased compliance and contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Walker
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - I Zabbarova
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C M Schaefer
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - D Bushnell
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W C De Groat
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - A Kanai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - C M Bates
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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139
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Carpenter BS, Barry RL, Verhey KJ, Allen BL. The heterotrimeric kinesin-2 complex interacts with and regulates GLI protein function. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1034-50. [PMID: 25588831 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.162552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
GLI transport to the primary cilium and nucleus is required for proper Hedgehog (HH) signaling; however, the mechanisms that mediate these trafficking events are poorly understood. Kinesin-2 motor proteins regulate ciliary transport of cargo, yet their role in GLI protein function remains unexplored. To examine a role for the heterotrimeric KIF3A-KIF3B-KAP3 kinesin-2 motor complex in regulating GLI activity, we performed a series of structure-function analyses using biochemical, cell signaling and in vivo approaches that define novel specific interactions between GLI proteins and two components of this complex, KAP3 and KIF3A. We find that all three mammalian GLI proteins interact with KAP3 and we map specific interaction sites in both proteins. Furthermore, we find that GLI proteins interact selectively with KIF3A, but not KIF3B, and that GLI interacts synergistically with KAP3 and KIF3A. Using a combination of cell signaling assays and chicken in ovo electroporation, we demonstrate that KAP3 interactions restrict GLI activator function but not GLI repressor function. These data suggest that GLI interactions with KIF3A-KIF3B-KAP3 complexes are essential for proper GLI transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Carpenter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Renee L Barry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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140
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Abstract
Approximately one-third of medulloblastoma cases are associated with genetic lesions of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway components. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Mille et al. (2014) show that the Hh coreceptor Boc functions specifically in the progression of early- to advanced-stage medulloblastoma by promoting Cyclin D1-dependent DNA damage and genomic instability.
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141
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Zhulyn O, Nieuwenhuis E, Liu YC, Angers S, Hui CC. Ptch2 shares overlapping functions with Ptch1 in Smo regulation and limb development. Dev Biol 2015; 397:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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142
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143
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Abstract
The myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system controls the movement of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal system. They extend their axons between two peripheral smooth muscle layers to form a tubular meshwork arborizing the gut wall. How a tubular axonal meshwork becomes established without invading centrally toward the gut epithelium has not been addressed. We provide evidence here that sonic hedgehog (Shh) secreted from the gut epithelium prevents central projections of enteric axons, thereby forcing their peripheral tubular distribution. Exclusion of enteric central projections by Shh requires its binding partner growth arrest specific gene 1 (Gas1) and its signaling component smoothened (Smo) in enteric neurons. Using enteric neurons differentiated from neurospheres in vitro, we show that enteric axon growth is not inhibited by Shh. Rather, when Shh is presented as a point source, enteric axons turn away from it in a Gas1-dependent manner. Of the Gαi proteins that can couple with Smo, G protein α Z (Gnaz) is found in enteric axons. Knockdown and dominant negative inhibition of Gnaz dampen the axon-repulsive response to Shh, and Gnaz mutant intestines contain centrally projected enteric axons. Together, our data uncover a previously unsuspected mechanism underlying development of centrifugal tubular organization and identify a previously unidentified effector of Shh in axon guidance.
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144
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McCabe JM, Leahy DJ. Smoothened goes molecular: new pieces in the hedgehog signaling puzzle. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3500-7. [PMID: 25519909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.617936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A general aim of studies of signal transduction is to identify mediators of specific signals, order them into pathways, and understand the nature of interactions between individual components and how these interactions alter pathway behavior. Despite years of intensive study and its central importance to animal development and human health, our understanding of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway remains riddled with gaps, question marks, assumptions, and poorly understood connections. In particular, understanding how interactions between Hh and Patched (Ptc), a 12-pass integral membrane protein, lead to modulation of the function of Smoothened (Smo), a 7-pass integral membrane protein, has defied standard biochemical characterization. Recent structural and biochemical characterizations of Smoothened domains have begun to unlock this riddle, however, and lay the groundwork for improved cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M McCabe
- From the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- From the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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145
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Vyas N, Walvekar A, Tate D, Lakshmanan V, Bansal D, Lo Cicero A, Raposo G, Palakodeti D, Dhawan J. Vertebrate Hedgehog is secreted on two types of extracellular vesicles with different signaling properties. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7357. [PMID: 25483805 PMCID: PMC4258658 DOI: 10.1038/srep07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted morphogen that elicits differentiation and patterning in developing tissues. Multiple proposed mechanisms to regulate Hh dispersion includes lipoprotein particles and exosomes. Here we report that vertebrate Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is secreted on two types of extracellular-vesicles/exosomes, from human cell lines and primary chick notochord cells. Although largely overlapping in size as estimated from electron micrographs, the two exosomal fractions exhibited distinct protein and RNA composition. We have probed the functional properties of these vesicles using cell-based assays of Hh-elicited gene expression. Our results suggest that while both Shh-containing exo-vesicular fractions can activate an ectopic Gli-luciferase construct, only exosomes co-expressing Integrins can activate endogenous Shh target genes HNF3β and Olig2 during the differentiation of mouse ES cells to ventral neuronal progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that primary vertebrate cells secrete Shh in distinct vesicular forms, and support a model where packaging of Shh along with other signaling proteins such as Integrins on exosomes modulates target gene activation. The existence of distinct classes of Shh-containing exosomes also suggests a previously unappreciated complexity for fine-tuning of Shh-mediated gradients and pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vyas
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankita Walvekar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Dhananjay Tate
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Dhiru Bansal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Alessandra Lo Cicero
- 1] Institut Curie, UMR 144, CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France [2] Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris F-75248, France [3] Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA), Paris F-75248, France
| | - Graca Raposo
- 1] Institut Curie, UMR 144, CNRS, F-75248 Paris, France [2] Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris F-75248, France [3] Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA), Paris F-75248, France
| | | | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- 1] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India [2] CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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146
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Cdo suppresses canonical Wnt signalling via interaction with Lrp6 thereby promoting neuronal differentiation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5455. [PMID: 25406935 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signalling regulates expansion of neural progenitors and functions as a dorsalizing signal in the developing forebrain. In contrast, the multifunctional co-receptor Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation and is important for the function of the ventralizing signal, Shh. Here we show that Cdo negatively regulates Wnt signalling during neurogenesis. Wnt signalling is enhanced in Cdo-deficient cells, leading to impaired neuronal differentiation. The ectodomains of Cdo and Lrp6 interact via the Ig2 repeat of Cdo and the LDLR repeats of Lrp6, and the Cdo Ig2 repeat is necessary for Cdo-dependent Wnt inhibition. Furthermore, the Cdo-deficient dorsal forebrain displays stronger Wnt signalling activity, increased cell proliferation and enhanced expression of the dorsal markers and Wnt targets, Pax6, Gli3, Axin2. Therefore, in addition to promoting ventral central nervous system cell fates with Shh, Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation by suppression of Wnt signalling and provides a direct link between two major dorsoventral morphogenetic signalling pathways.
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147
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Leem YE, Ha HL, Bae JH, Baek KH, Kang JS. CDO, an Hh-coreceptor, mediates lung cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity through Hedgehog signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111701. [PMID: 25369201 PMCID: PMC4219762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays essential roles in various developmental processes, and its aberrant regulation results in genetic disorders or malignancies in various tissues. Hyperactivation of Hh signaling is associated with lung cancer development, and there have been extensive efforts to investigate how to control Hh signaling pathway and regulate cancer cell proliferation. In this study we investigated a role of CDO, an Hh co-receptor, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibition of Hh signaling by SANT-1 or siCDO in lung cancer cells reduced proliferation and tumorigenicity, along with the decrease in the expression of the Hh components. Histological analysis with NSCLC mouse tissue demonstrated that CDO was expressed in advanced grade of the cancer, and precisely co-localized with GLI1. These data suggest that CDO is required for proliferation and survival of lung cancer cells via Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440–746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Ha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440–746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440–746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Hyuck Baek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440–746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440–746, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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148
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Abstract
The research on colorectal cancer (CRC) biology has been leading the oncology field since the early 1990s. The search for genetic alterations has allowed the identification of the main tumour suppressors or oncogenes. Recent work obtained in CRC has unexpectedly proposed the existence of novel category of tumour suppressors, the so-called 'dependence receptors'. These transmembrane receptors behave as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde with two opposite sides: they induce a positive signalling (survival, proliferation, differentiation) in presence of their ligand, but are not inactive in the absence of their ligand and rather trigger apoptosis when unbound. This trait confers them a conditional tumour suppressor activity: they eliminate cells that grow abnormally in an environment offering a limited quantity of ligand. This review will describe how receptors such as deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), uncoordinated 5 (UNC5), rearranged during transfection (RET) or TrkC constrain CRC progression and how this dependence receptor paradigm may open up therapeutical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Servane Tauszig-Delamasure
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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149
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Gibert B, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Gattolliat CH, Meurette O, Le Guernevel S, Fombonne J, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Bouhallier F, Creveaux M, Negulescu AM, Bénard J, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Harel-Bellan A, Delattre O, Mehlen P. Regulation by miR181 family of the dependence receptor CDON tumor suppressive activity in neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju318. [PMID: 25313246 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an important role in neural crest cell fate during embryonic development and has been implicated in the progression of multiple cancers that include neuroblastoma, a neural crest cell-derived disease. While most of the SHH signaling is mediated by the well-described canonical pathway leading to the activation of Smoothened and Gli, it has recently been shown that cell-adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes (CDON) serves as a receptor for SHH and contributes to SHH-induced signaling. CDON has also been recently described as a dependence receptor, triggering apoptosis in the absence of SHH. This CDON proapoptotic activity has been suggested to constrain tumor progression. METHODS CDON expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in a panel of 226 neuroblastoma patients and associated with stages, overall survival, and expression of miR181 family members using Kaplan Meier and Pearson correlation methods. Cell death assays were performed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor growth was investigated in the chick chorioallantoic model. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS CDON expression was inversely associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (P < .001). Moreover, re-expression of CDON in neuroblastoma cell lines was associated with apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. We show that CDON expression is regulated by the miR181 miRNA family, whose expression is directly associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (survival: high miR181-b 73.2% vs low miR181-b 54.6%; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support the view that CDON acts as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastomas, and that CDON is tightly regulated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Solen Le Guernevel
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Joanna Fombonne
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Benjamin Ducarouge
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Frantz Bouhallier
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Marion Creveaux
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Ana Maria Negulescu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Jean Bénard
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG).
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Mathew E, Zhang Y, Holtz AM, Kane KT, Song JY, Allen BL, Pasca di Magliano M. Dosage-dependent regulation of pancreatic cancer growth and angiogenesis by hedgehog signaling. Cell Rep 2014; 9:484-94. [PMID: 25310976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, a hypovascular and highly desmoplastic cancer, is characterized by tumor expression of Hedgehog (HH) ligands that signal to fibroblasts in the surrounding stroma that in turn promote tumor survival and growth. However, the mechanisms and consequences of stromal HH pathway activation are not well understood. Here, we show that the HH coreceptors GAS1, BOC, and CDON are expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Deletion of two coreceptors (Gas1 and Boc) in fibroblasts reduces HH responsiveness. Strikingly, these fibroblasts promote greater tumor growth in vivo that correlates with increased tumor-associated vascularity. In contrast, deletion of all three coreceptors (Gas1, Boc, and Cdon) results in the near complete abrogation of HH signaling and a corresponding failure to promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Collectively, these data identify a role for HH dosage in pancreatic cancer promotion and may explain the clinical failure of HH pathway blockade as a therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Mathew
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander M Holtz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin T Kane
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jane Y Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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