101
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YAP1 Is Involved in Tumorigenic Properties of Prostate Cancer Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:867-876. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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102
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Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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103
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Yuan J, Boateng E, Hopkins S, Zhang JS, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Hippo signaling promotes lung epithelial lineage commitment by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Development 2019; 146:146/2/dev166454. [PMID: 30651296 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organ growth and tissue homeostasis rely on the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cell populations. In the developing lung, localized Fgf10 expression maintains distal Sox9-expressing epithelial progenitors and promotes basal cell differentiation in the cartilaginous airways. Mesenchymal Fgf10 expression is induced by Wnt signaling but inhibited by Shh signaling, and epithelial Fgf10 signaling activates β-catenin signaling. The Hippo pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Here, we show that Hippo signaling promotes lineage commitment of lung epithelial progenitors by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Our findings show that both inactivation of the Hippo pathway (nuclear Yap) or ablation of Yap result in increased β-catenin and Fgf10 signaling, suggesting a cytoplasmic role for Yap in epithelial lineage commitment. We further demonstrate redundant and non-redundant functions for the two nuclear effectors of the Hippo pathway, Yap and Taz, during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eistine Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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104
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Ono S, Nakano K, Takabatake K, Kawai H, Nagatsuka H. Immunohistochemistry of YAP and dNp63 and survival analysis of patients bearing precancerous lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:766-773. [PMID: 31217745 PMCID: PMC6566736 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a candidate oncogene in various human cancers, and recently, it has been reported that YAP expression and its activity was enhanced by ΔNp63. However, the role of YAP and ΔNp63 expression in carcinogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been unknown. Therefore, we investigated how YAP and ΔNp63 influence carcinogenesis and progression of OSCC. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analyses in whole tissue samples to investigate YAP and ΔNp63 expression in normal oral mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED; low/high grade), carcinoma in situ (CIS), and OSCC. Furthermore, in OSCC, we analyzed clinical significance by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: In normal oral mucosa and epithelial hyperplasia, YAP expression was primarily confined to the basal and parabasal layers, but YAP expression was elevated in OED, CIS, and OSCC. In OED, YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels were markedly higher in high grade than in low grade. In OSCC groups, YAP and ΔNp63 expression patterns tended to differ according to histopathological differentiation of OSCC. Furthermore, the YAP high expression group, which showed YAP staining in >50% positive cells with strong cytoplasmic staining or >10% positive cells with nuclear reactivity, showed a tendency to have a poor survival rate. Conclusion: YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels correlated with grade of oral OED. Additionally, YAP expression was associated with OSCC survival rate. Our results suggested that YAP and ΔNp63 expression might serve as predictive markers to distinguish OSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Ono
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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105
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Xie H, Wu L, Deng Z, Huo Y, Cheng Y. Emerging roles of YAP/TAZ in lung physiology and diseases. Life Sci 2018; 214:176-183. [PMID: 30385178 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The YAP and TAZ, as the downstream effectors of Hippo pathway, have emerged as important translational co-activators of a wide variety of biological processes. YAP/TAZ plays a crucial role in the lung development and physiology. Dysregulation of YAP/TAZ signaling pathway contributes to the development and progression of chronic lung diseases, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, COPD, asthma, and lung infection. Therefore, owing to its critical functions, delineation of the signaling mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in pathological conditions will shed light on developing strategies for its therapeutic targeting. Currently, the complex regulation of this pathway is under extensive investigation. In this review, we summarize and present recent findings of molecular mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in the lung physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the implications of YAP/TAZ for lung diseases treatment and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liquan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Huo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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106
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Nantie LB, Young RE, Paltzer WG, Zhang Y, Johnson RL, Verheyden JM, Sun X. Lats1/2 inactivation reveals Hippo function in alveolar type I cell differentiation during lung transition to air breathing. Development 2018; 145:dev.163105. [PMID: 30305289 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung growth to its optimal size at birth is driven by reiterative airway branching followed by differentiation and expansion of alveolar cell types. How this elaborate growth is coordinated with the constraint of the chest is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of Hippo signaling, a cardinal pathway in organ size control, in mouse lung development. Unexpectedly, we found that epithelial loss of the Hippo kinase genes Lats1 and Lats2 (Lats1/2) leads to a striking reduction of lung size owing to an early arrest of branching morphogenesis. This growth defect is accompanied by abnormalities in epithelial cell polarity, cell division plane and extracellular matrix deposition, as well as precocious and increased expression of markers for type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1s), an indicator of terminal differentiation. Increased AEC1s were also observed in transgenic mice with overexpression of a constitutive nuclear form of downstream transcriptional effector YAP. Conversely, loss of Yap and Taz led to decreased AEC1s, demonstrating that the canonical Hippo signaling pathway is both sufficient and necessary to drive AEC1 fate. These findings together reveal unique roles of Hippo-LATS-YAP signaling in the developing mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah B Nantie
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Randee E Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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107
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Retinoic acid signaling balances adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell growth and differentiation. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:461-474. [PMID: 30236449 PMCID: PMC6197151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite compelling data describing pro-regenerative effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pre-clinical models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), clinical trials using retinoids for emphysema patients have failed. Crucial information about the specific role of RA signaling in adult rodent and human lung epithelial progenitor cells is largely missing. Methods Adult lung organoid cultures were generated from isolated primary mouse and human lung epithelial cells, and incubated with pharmacological pathway modulators and recombinant proteins. Organoid number and size were measured, and differentiation was assessed with quantitative immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses. Findings We unexpectedly found that ATRA decreased lung organoid size, whereas RA pathway inhibition increased mouse and human lung organoid size. RA pathway inhibition stimulated mouse lung epithelial proliferation via YAP pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signaling, while concomitantly suppressing alveolar and airway differentiation. HDAC inhibition rescued differentiation in growth-augmented lung organoids. Interpretation In contrast to prevailing notions, our study suggests that regenerative pharmacology using transient RA pathway inhibition followed by HDAC inhibition might hold promise to promote lung epithelial regeneration in diseased adult lung tissue. Fund This project is funded by the Lung Foundation Netherlands (Longfonds) grant 6.1.14.009 (RG, MK, JS, PSH) and W2/W3 Professorship Award by the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (MK).
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108
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Gokey JJ, Snowball J, Sridharan A, Speth JP, Black KE, Hariri LP, Perl AKT, Xu Y, Whitsett JA. MEG3 is increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and regulates epithelial cell differentiation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122490. [PMID: 30185671 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease causing fibrotic remodeling of the peripheral lung, leading to respiratory failure. Peripheral pulmonary epithelial cells lose normal alveolar epithelial gene expression patterns and variably express genes associated with diverse conducting airway epithelial cells, including basal cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of pulmonary epithelial cells isolated from IPF lung tissue demonstrated altered expression of LncRNAs, including increased MEG3. MEG3 RNA was highly expressed in subsets of the atypical IPF epithelial cells and correlated with conducting airway epithelial gene expression patterns. Expression of MEG3 in human pulmonary epithelial cell lines increased basal cell-associated RNAs, including TP63, KRT14, STAT3, and YAP1, and enhanced cell migration, consistent with a role for MEG3 in regulating basal cell identity. MEG3 reduced expression of TP73, SOX2, and Notch-associated RNAs HES1 and HEY1, in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating a role for MEG3 in the inhibition of genes influencing basal cell differentiation into club, ciliated, or goblet cells. MEG3 induced basal cell genes and suppressed genes associated with terminal differentiation of airway cells, supporting a role for MEG3 in regulation of basal progenitor cell functions, which may contribute to tissue remodeling in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gokey
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph P Speth
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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109
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Abstract
How the organ size is adjusted to the proper size during development and how organs know that they reach the original size during regeneration remain long-standing questions. Based on studies using multiple model organisms and approaches for over 20 years, a consensus has been established that the Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in controlling organ size and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Given the significance of these processes, the dysregulation of the Hippo pathway has also implicated various diseases, such as tissue degeneration and cancer. By regulating the downstream transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ, the Hippo pathway coordinates cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to a variety of signals including cell contact inhibition, polarity, mechanical sensation and soluble factors. Since the core components and their functions of the Hippo pathway are evolutionarily conserved, this pathway serves as a global regulator of organ size control. Therefore, further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms will provide physiological insights to better understand tissue homeostasis. In this review, the historical developments and current understandings of the regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantae Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Departement of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
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110
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Chanda D, Otoupalova E, Smith SR, Volckaert T, De Langhe SP, Thannickal VJ. Developmental pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:56-69. [PMID: 30130563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival is between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. IPF is characterized primarily by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaired pulmonary function. Growing evidence supports the concept of a pro-fibrotic environment orchestrated by underlying factors such as genetic predisposition, chronic injury and aging, oxidative stress, and impaired regenerative responses may account for disease development and persistence. Currently, two FDA approved drugs have limited efficacy in the treatment of IPF. Many of the genes and gene networks associated with lung development are induced or activated in IPF. In this review, we analyze current knowledge in the field, gained from both basic and clinical research, to provide new insights into the disease process, and potential approaches to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Eva Otoupalova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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111
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Zhu JY, Lin S, Ye J. YAP and TAZ, the conductors that orchestrate eye development, homeostasis, and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:246-258. [PMID: 30094836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators established as a nexus in numerous signaling pathways, notably in Hippo signaling. Previous research revealed multifarious function of YAP and TAZ in oncology and cardiovasology. Recently, the focus has been laid on their pivotal role in eye morphogenesis and homeostasis. In this review, we synthesize advances of YAP and TAZ function during eye development in different model organisms, introduce their function in different ocular tissues and eye diseases, and highlight the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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112
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The hippo pathway provides novel insights into lung cancer and mesothelioma treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2097-2106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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113
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Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for blood circulation but also control organ growth, homeostasis, and regeneration, which has been attributed to the release of paracrine signals by endothelial cells. Endothelial tubules are associated with specialised mesenchymal cells, termed pericytes, which help to maintain vessel wall integrity. Here we identify pericytes as regulators of epithelial and endothelial morphogenesis in postnatal lung. Mice lacking expression of the Hippo pathway components YAP and TAZ in pericytes show defective alveologenesis. Mutant pericytes are present in normal numbers but display strongly reduced expression of hepatocyte growth factor leading to impaired activation of the c-Met receptor, which is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells. YAP and TAZ are also required for expression of angiopoietin-1 by pulmonary pericytes, which also controls hepatocyte growth factor expression and thereby alveologenesis in an autocrine fashion. These findings establish that pericytes have important, organ-specific signalling properties and coordinate the behavior of epithelial and vascular cells during lung morphogenesis. Pericytes surround endothelial tubules and help maintain the integrity of blood vessels. Here the authors show that pericytes regulate lung morphogenesis via paracrine signalling controlled by components of the Hippo pathway.
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115
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Miskolczi Z, Smith MP, Rowling EJ, Ferguson J, Barriuso J, Wellbrock C. Collagen abundance controls melanoma phenotypes through lineage-specific microenvironment sensing. Oncogene 2018; 37:3166-3182. [PMID: 29545604 PMCID: PMC5992128 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the general focus on an invasive and de-differentiated phenotype as main driver of cancer metastasis, in melanoma patients many metastatic lesions display a high degree of pigmentation, indicative for a differentiated phenotype. Indeed, studies in mice and fish show that melanoma cells switch to a differentiated phenotype at secondary sites, possibly because in melanoma differentiation is closely linked to proliferation through the lineage-specific transcriptional master regulator MITF. Importantly, while a lot of effort has gone into identifying factors that induce the de-differentiated/invasive phenotype, it is not well understood how the switch to the differentiated/proliferative phenotype is controlled. We identify collagen as a contributor to this switch. We demonstrate that collagen stiffness induces melanoma differentiation through a YAP/PAX3/MITF axis and show that in melanoma patients increased collagen abundance correlates with nuclear YAP localization. However, the interrogation of large patient datasets revealed that in the context of the tumour microenvironment, YAP function is more complex. In the absence of fibroblasts, YAP/PAX3-mediated transcription prevails, but in the presence of fibroblasts tumour growth factor-β suppresses YAP/PAX3-mediated MITF expression and induces YAP/TEAD/SMAD-driven transcription and a de-differentiated phenotype. Intriguingly, while high collagen expression is correlated with poorer patient survival, the worst prognosis is seen in patients with high collagen expression, who also express MITF target genes such as the differentiation markers TRPM1, TYR and TYRP1, as well as CDK4. In summary, we reveal a distinct lineage-specific route of YAP signalling that contributes to the regulation of melanoma pigmentation and uncovers a set of potential biomarkers predictive for poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Miskolczi
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael P Smith
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emily J Rowling
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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116
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Chanson M, Watanabe M, O'Shaughnessy EM, Zoso A, Martin PE. Connexin Communication Compartments and Wound Repair in Epithelial Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051354. [PMID: 29751558 PMCID: PMC5983803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues line the lumen of tracts and ducts connecting to the external environment. They are critical in forming an interface between the internal and external environment and, following assault from environmental factors and pathogens, they must rapidly repair to maintain cellular homeostasis. These tissue networks, that range from a single cell layer, such as in airway epithelium, to highly stratified and differentiated epithelial surfaces, such as the epidermis, are held together by a junctional nexus of proteins including adherens, tight and gap junctions, often forming unique and localised communication compartments activated for localised tissue repair. This review focuses on the dynamic changes that occur in connexins, the constituent proteins of the intercellular gap junction channel, during wound-healing processes and in localised inflammation, with an emphasis on the lung and skin. Current developments in targeting connexins as corrective therapies to improve wound closure and resolve localised inflammation are also discussed. Finally, we consider the emergence of the zebrafish as a concerted whole-animal model to study, visualise and track the events of wound repair and regeneration in real-time living model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Chanson
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Erin M O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Alice Zoso
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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117
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Gokey JJ, Sridharan A, Xu Y, Green J, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Perl AKT, Whitsett JA. Active epithelial Hippo signaling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98738. [PMID: 29563341 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo/YAP signaling plays pleiotropic roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during organogenesis and tissue repair. Herein we demonstrate increased YAP activity in respiratory epithelial cells in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a common, lethal form of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Immunofluorescence staining in IPF epithelial cells demonstrated increased nuclear YAP and loss of MST1/2. Bioinformatic analyses of epithelial cell RNA profiles predicted increased activity of YAP and increased canonical mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling in IPF. Phospho-S6 (p-S6) and p-PTEN were increased in IPF epithelial cells, consistent with activation of mTOR signaling. Expression of YAP (S127A), a constitutively active form of YAP, in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3s) increased p-S6 and p-PI3K, cell proliferation and migration, processes that were inhibited by the YAP-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin. Activation of p-S6 was required for enhancing and stabilizing YAP, and the p-S6 inhibitor temsirolimus blocked nuclear YAP localization and suppressed expression of YAP target genes CTGF, AXL, and AJUBA (JUB). YAP and mTOR/p-S6 signaling pathways interact to induce cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit epithelial cell differentiation that may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gokey
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jenna Green
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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118
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Greenwood E, Maisel S, Ebertz D, Russ A, Pandey R, Schroeder J. Llgl1 prevents metaplastic survival driven by epidermal growth factor dependent migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60776-60792. [PMID: 27542214 PMCID: PMC5308616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Llgl1 loss results in a gain of mesenchymal phenotypes and a loss of apicobasal and planar polarity. We now demonstrate that these changes represent a fundamental shift in cellular phenotype. Llgl1 regulates the expression of multiple cell identity markers, including CD44, CD49f, and CD24, and the nuclear translocation of TAZ and Slug. Cells lacking Llgl1 form mammospheres, where survival and transplantability is dependent upon the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Additionally, Llgl1 loss allows cells to grow in soft-agar and maintain prolonged survival as orthotopic transplants in NOD-SCIDmice. Lineage tracing and wound healing experiments demonstrate that mammosphere survival is due to enhanced EGF-dependent migration. The loss of Llgl1 drives EGFR mislocalization and an EGFR mislocalization point mutation (P667A) drives these same phenotypes, including activation of AKT and TAZ nuclear translocation. Together, these data indicate that the loss of Llgl1 results in EGFR mislocalization, promoting pre-neoplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Greenwood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sabrina Maisel
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David Ebertz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Atlantis Russ
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Genetics Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ritu Pandey
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joyce Schroeder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Genetics Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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119
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Kotton DN. Claudin-18: unexpected regulator of lung alveolar epithelial cell proliferation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:903-905. [PMID: 29400691 DOI: 10.1172/jci99799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin 18 (CLDN18) is a tight junction protein that is highly expressed in the lung. While mice lacking CLDN18 exhibit the expected loss of epithelial integrity in the lung, these animals also have unexpectedly large lungs. In this issue of the JCI, Zhou, Flodby, and colleagues reveal that the increased lung size of Cldn18-/- mice is the result of increased type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cell proliferation. This increase in proliferation was shown to be driven by translocation of the transcriptional regulator Yes-associated protein (YAP) to the nucleus and subsequent induction of proliferative pathways. CLDN18-deficent mice also had increased frequency of lung adenocarcinomas. Together, the results of this study advance our understanding of the mechanisms that likely regulate homeostasis of the normal lung as well as promote the proliferative state of malignant cells found in lung adenocarcinomas thought to originate from AT2 cells.
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120
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Zhou B, Flodby P, Luo J, Castillo DR, Liu Y, Yu FX, McConnell A, Varghese B, Li G, Chimge NO, Sunohara M, Koss MN, Elatre W, Conti P, Liebler JM, Yang C, Marconett CN, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Guan K, Stripp BR, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Claudin-18-mediated YAP activity regulates lung stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:970-984. [PMID: 29400695 DOI: 10.1172/jci90429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, the integral tight junction (TJ) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability and cell polarity, are frequently dysregulated in cancer; however, their role in neoplastic progression is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that knockout of Cldn18, a claudin family member highly expressed in lung alveolar epithelium, leads to lung enlargement, parenchymal expansion, increased abundance and proliferation of known distal lung progenitors, the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells, activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), increased organ size, and tumorigenesis in mice. Inhibition of YAP decreased proliferation and colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of Cldn18-/- AT2 cells and prevented increased lung size, while CLDN18 overexpression decreased YAP nuclear localization, cell proliferation, CFE, and YAP transcriptional activity. CLDN18 and YAP interacted and colocalized at cell-cell contacts, while loss of CLDN18 decreased YAP interaction with Hippo kinases p-LATS1/2. Additionally, Cldn18-/- mice had increased propensity to develop lung adenocarcinomas (LuAd) with age, and human LuAd showed stage-dependent reduction of CLDN18.1. These results establish CLDN18 as a regulator of YAP activity that serves to restrict organ size, progenitor cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis, and suggest a mechanism whereby TJ disruption may promote progenitor proliferation to enhance repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Jiao Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Dan R Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Childrens Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia McConnell
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Guanglei Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | | | | | | | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kunliang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
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121
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: Functions and Regulations. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:21-35. [PMID: 29053790 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes on the level of the pancreatic islets. Multiple lines of evidence uncover the importance of Hippo signaling in pancreas development as well as in the regulation of β-cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Hippo therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic agents designed to improve β-cell function and survival in diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the pancreas/in pancreatic islets, its functions on β-cell homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, and its contribution toward diabetes progression. The current knowledge related to general mechanisms of action and the possibility of exploiting the Hippo pathway for therapeutic approaches to block β-cell failure in diabetes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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122
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Fu V, Plouffe SW, Guan KL. The Hippo pathway in organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 49:99-107. [PMID: 29316535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a universal governor of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. A growing body of work has advanced our understanding of Hippo pathway regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and spatial patterning not only in organ development but also upon injury-induced regeneration. The pathway's central role in stem cell biology thus implicates its potential for therapeutic manipulation in mammalian organ regeneration. In this review, we survey recent literature linking the Hippo pathway to the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of various organs, including Hippo-independent roles for YAP, defined here as YAP functions that are not regulated by the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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123
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Tan JL, Lau SN, Leaw B, Nguyen HPT, Salamonsen LA, Saad MI, Chan ST, Zhu D, Krause M, Kim C, Sievert W, Wallace EM, Lim R. Amnion Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Restrict Lung Injury and Enhance Endogenous Lung Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:180-196. [PMID: 29297621 PMCID: PMC5788876 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by chronic inflammation, severe scarring, and stem cell senescence. Stem cell‐based therapies modulate inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways by release of soluble factors. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles should be explored as a potential therapy for IPF. Human amnion epithelial cell‐derived exosomes (hAEC Exo) were isolated and compared against human lung fibroblasts exosomes. hAEC Exo were assessed as a potential therapy for lung fibrosis. Exosomes were isolated and evaluated for their protein and miRNA cargo. Direct effects of hAEC Exo on immune cell function, including macrophage polarization, phagocytosis, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and T cell proliferation and uptake, were measured. Their impact on immune response, histological outcomes, and bronchioalveolar stem cell (BASC) response was assessed in vivo following bleomycin challenge in young and aged mice. hAEC Exo carry protein cargo enriched for MAPK signaling pathways, apoptotic and developmental biology pathways and miRNA enriched for PI3K‐Akt, Ras, Hippo, TGFβ, and focal adhesion pathways. hAEC Exo polarized and increased macrophage phagocytosis, reduced neutrophil myeloperoxidases, and suppressed T cell proliferation directly. Intranasal instillation of 10 μg hAEC Exo 1 day following bleomycin challenge reduced lung inflammation, while treatment at day 7 improved tissue‐to‐airspace ratio and reduced fibrosis. Administration of hAEC Exo coincided with the proliferation of BASC. These effects were reproducible in bleomycin‐challenged aged mice. The paracrine effects of hAECs can be largely attributed to their exosomes and exploitation of hAEC Exo as a therapy for IPF should be explored further. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:180–196
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sin N Lau
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryan Leaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siow T Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mirja Krause
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Sievert
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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124
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Furth N, Aylon Y, Oren M. p53 shades of Hippo. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:81-92. [PMID: 28984872 PMCID: PMC5729527 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The three p53 family members, p53, p63 and p73, are structurally similar and share many biochemical activities. Yet, along with their common fundamental role in protecting genomic fidelity, each has acquired distinct functions related to diverse cell autonomous and non-autonomous processes. Similar to the p53 family, the Hippo signaling pathway impacts a multitude of cellular processes, spanning from cell cycle and metabolism to development and tumor suppression. The core Hippo module consists of the tumor-suppressive MST-LATS kinases and oncogenic transcriptional co-effectors YAP and TAZ. A wealth of accumulated data suggests a complex and delicate regulatory network connecting the p53 and Hippo pathways, in a highly context-specific manner. This generates multiple layers of interaction, ranging from interdependent and collaborative signaling to apparent antagonistic activity. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic alterations can disrupt this homeostatic network, paving the way to genomic instability and cancer. This strengthens the need to better understand the nuances that control the molecular function of each component and the cross-talk between the different components. Here, we review interactions between the p53 and Hippo pathways within a subset of physiological contexts, focusing on normal stem cells and development, as well as regulation of apoptosis, senescence and metabolism in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, POB 26, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Tel: +972 89342358; Fax: +972 89346004; E-mail: or
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, POB 26, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Tel: +972 89342358; Fax: +972 89346004; E-mail: or
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125
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de Sousa N, Rodríguez-Esteban G, Rojo-Laguna JI, Saló E, Adell T. Hippo signaling controls cell cycle and restricts cell plasticity in planarians. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002399. [PMID: 29357350 PMCID: PMC5794332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a key role in regulating cell turnover in adult tissues, and abnormalities in this pathway are consistently associated with human cancers. Hippo was initially implicated in the control of cell proliferation and death, and its inhibition is linked to the expansion of stem cells and progenitors, leading to larger organ size and tumor formation. To understand the mechanism by which Hippo directs cell renewal and promotes stemness, we studied its function in planarians. These stem cell-based organisms are ideal models for the analysis of the complex cellular events underlying tissue renewal in the whole organism. hippo RNA interference (RNAi) in planarians decreased apoptotic cell death, induced cell cycle arrest, and could promote the dedifferentiation of postmitotic cells. hippo RNAi resulted in extensive undifferentiated areas and overgrowths, with no effect on body size or cell number. We propose an essential role for hippo in controlling cell cycle, restricting cell plasticity, and thereby preventing tumoral transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez-Esteban
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Rojo-Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Emili Saló
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Teresa Adell
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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126
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Mao Y, Sun S, Irvine KD. Role and regulation of Yap in KrasG12D-induced lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110877-110889. [PMID: 29340023 PMCID: PMC5762291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream transcriptional co-activator Yap influence lung cancer, but the nature of the Yap contribution has been unclear. Using a genetically engineered mouse lung cancer model, we show that Yap deletion completely blocks KrasG12D and p53 loss-driven adenocarcinoma initiation and progression, whereas heterozygosity for Yap partially suppresses lung cancer growth and progression. We also characterize Yap expression during tumor progression and find that nuclear Yap can be detected from the earliest stages of lung carcinogenesis, but at levels comparable to that in aveolar type II cells, which are a cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma. At later stages of tumorigenesis, variations in Yap levels are detected, which correlate with differences in cell proliferation within tumors. Our observations imply that Yap is not directly activated by oncogenic Kras during lung tumorigenesis, but is nonetheless absolutely required for this tumorigenesis, and support Yap as a therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopan Mao
- Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shuguo Sun
- Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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127
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Peng C, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Liao Q, Chen Y, Zhao X, Guo Q, Shen P, Zhen B, Qian X, Yang D, Zhang JS, Xiao D, Qin W, Pei H. Regulation of the Hippo-YAP Pathway by Glucose Sensor O-GlcNAcylation. Mol Cell 2017; 68:591-604.e5. [PMID: 29100056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is crucial in organ size control and tissue homeostasis, with deregulation leading to cancer. An extracellular nutrition signal, such as glucose, regulates the Hippo pathway activation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear. Here, we found that the Hippo pathway is directly regulated by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) in response to metabolic nutrients. Mechanistically, the core component of Hippo pathway (YAP) is O-GlcNAcylated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) at serine 109. YAP O-GlcNAcylation disrupts its interaction with upstream kinase LATS1, prevents its phosphorylation, and activates its transcriptional activity. And this activation is not dependent on AMPK. We also identified OGT as a YAP-regulated gene that forms a feedback loop. Finally, we confirmed that glucose-induced YAP O-GlcNAcylation and activation promoted tumorigenesis. Together, our data establish a molecular mechanism and functional significance of the HBP in directly linking extracellular glucose signal to the Hippo-YAP pathway and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qinchao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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128
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YAP/TAZ and Hedgehog Coordinate Growth and Patterning in Gastrointestinal Mesenchyme. Dev Cell 2017; 43:35-47.e4. [PMID: 28943241 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
YAP/TAZ are the major mediators of mammalian Hippo signaling; however, their precise function in the gastrointestinal tract remains poorly understood. Here we dissect the distinct roles of YAP/TAZ in endodermal epithelium and mesenchyme and find that, although dispensable for gastrointestinal epithelial development and homeostasis, YAP/TAZ function as the critical molecular switch to coordinate growth and patterning in gut mesenchyme. Our genetic analyses reveal that Lats1/2 kinases suppress expansion of the primitive mesenchymal progenitors, where YAP activation also prevents induction of the smooth muscle lineage through transcriptional repression of Myocardin. During later development, zone-restricted downregulation of YAP/TAZ provides the positional cue and allows smooth muscle cell differentiation induced by Hedgehog signaling. Taken together, our studies identify the mesenchymal requirement of YAP/TAZ in the gastrointestinal tract and highlight the functional interplays between Hippo and Hedgehog signaling underlying temporal and spatial control of tissue growth and specification in developing gut.
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129
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Hicks-Berthet J, Varelas X. Integrin-FAK-CDC42-PP1A signaling gnaws at YAP/TAZ activity to control incisor stem cells. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28891248 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
How epithelial tissues are able to self-renew to maintain homeostasis and regenerate in response to injury remains a persistent question. The transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ are increasingly being recognized as central mediators of epithelial stem cell biology, and a wealth of recent studies have been directed at understanding the control and activity of these factors. Recent work by Hu et al. has added to this knowledge, as they identify an Integrin-FAK-CDC42-PP1A signaling cascade that directs nuclear YAP/TAZ activity in stem cell populations of the mouse incisor, and define convergence on mTORC1 signaling as an important mediator of the proliferation of these cells. Here, we review recent studies on YAP/TAZ function and regulation in epithelial tissue-specific stem cells, merging the Hu et al. study together with our current knowledge of YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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130
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Kim J, Kim YH, Kim J, Park DY, Bae H, Lee DH, Kim KH, Hong SP, Jang SP, Kubota Y, Kwon YG, Lim DS, Koh GY. YAP/TAZ regulates sprouting angiogenesis and vascular barrier maturation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3441-3461. [PMID: 28805663 DOI: 10.1172/jci93825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multistep process that requires coordinated migration, proliferation, and junction formation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to form new vessel branches in response to growth stimuli. Major intracellular signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis have been well elucidated, but key transcriptional regulators that mediate these signaling pathways and control EC behaviors are only beginning to be understood. Here, we show that YAP/TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator that acts as an end effector of Hippo signaling, is critical for sprouting angiogenesis and vascular barrier formation and maturation. In mice, endothelial-specific deletion of Yap/Taz led to blunted-end, aneurysm-like tip ECs with fewer and dysmorphic filopodia at the vascular front, a hyper-pruned vascular network, reduced and disarranged distributions of tight and adherens junction proteins, disrupted barrier integrity, subsequent hemorrhage in growing retina and brain vessels, and reduced pathological choroidal neovascularization. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ activates actin cytoskeleton remodeling, an important component of filopodia formation and junction assembly. Moreover, YAP/TAZ coordinates EC proliferation and metabolic activity by upregulating MYC signaling. Overall, these results show that YAP/TAZ plays multifaceted roles for EC behaviors, proliferation, junction assembly, and metabolism in sprouting angiogenesis and barrier formation and maturation and could be a potential therapeutic target for treating neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongshin Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo Hyung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hosung Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Science, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyun Hoo Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jang
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Science, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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131
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Liang M, Yu M, Xia R, Song K, Wang J, Luo J, Chen G, Cheng J. Yap/Taz Deletion in Gli + Cell-Derived Myofibroblasts Attenuates Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3278-3290. [PMID: 28768710 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In damaged kidneys, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue stiffness stimulate kidney fibrosis through incompletely characterized molecular mechanisms. The transcriptional coactivators yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) function as mechanosensors in cancer cells and have been implicated in the regulation of myofibroblasts in the kidney. We hypothesized that the development of kidney fibrosis depends on Yap-induced activation and proliferation of kidney fibroblasts. In mice, Yap expression increased in renal fibroblasts after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), in association with worsening of interstitial fibrosis. In cultured fibroblasts, inhibition of Yap/Taz signaling blocked TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and ECM production, whereas constitutive activation of Yap promoted fibroblast transformation and ECM production even in the absence of TGF-β1. Moreover, in the absence of TGF-β1, fibroblasts seeded on a stiffened ECM transformed into myofibroblasts in a process dependent on the activation of Yap. In mice with UUO, the Yap inhibitor verteporfin reduced interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, Gli1+ cell-specific knockout of Yap/Taz in mice suppressed UUO-induced ECM deposition, myofibroblast accumulation, and interstitial fibrosis. In a UUO-release model, induction of Gli1+ cell-specific Yap/Taz knockout partially reversed the development of interstitial fibrosis. Thus, in the kidney, Yap is a tissue mechanosensor that can be activated by ECM and transforms fibroblasts into myofibroblasts; the interaction of Yap/Taz and ECM forms a feed-forward loop resulting in kidney fibrosis. Identifying mechanisms that interrupt this profibrotic cycle could lead to the development of anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and.,Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Michael Yu
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Ruohan Xia
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Ke Song
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Jun Wang
- Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Guang Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
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132
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Dai
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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133
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Mori M, Hazan R, Danielian PS, Mahoney JE, Li H, Lu J, Miller ES, Zhu X, Lees JA, Cardoso WV. Cytoplasmic E2f4 forms organizing centres for initiation of centriole amplification during multiciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15857. [PMID: 28675157 PMCID: PMC5500891 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of multiciliated cells is a hallmark of a variety of human
conditions associated with chronic airway diseases, hydrocephalus and infertility.
Multiciliogenesis requires both activation of a specialized transcriptional program
and assembly of cytoplasmic structures for large-scale centriole amplification that
generates basal bodies. It remains unclear, however, what mechanism initiates
formation of these multiprotein complexes in epithelial progenitors. Here we show
that this is triggered by nucleocytoplasmic translocation of the transcription
factor E2f4. After inducing a transcriptional program of centriole biogenesis, E2f4
forms apical cytoplasmic organizing centres for assembly and nucleation of
deuterosomes. Using genetically altered mice and E2F4 mutant proteins we demonstrate
that centriole amplification is crucially dependent on these organizing centres and
that, without cytoplasmic E2f4, deuterosomes are not assembled, halting
multiciliogenesis. Thus, E2f4 integrates nuclear and previously unsuspected
cytoplasmic events of centriole amplification, providing new perspectives for the
understanding of normal ciliogenesis, ciliopathies and cancer. Multiciliogenesis requires activation of transcriptional and protein assembly
programs; however, the mechanisms that initiate the formation of these multiprotein
complexes are unclear. Here the authors show that after inducing centriole biogenesis
genes, the transcription factor E2f4 is required in the cytoplasm for assembly and
nucleation of deuterosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Renin Hazan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul S Danielian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John E Mahoney
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Huijun Li
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jining Lu
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
| | - Emily S Miller
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York 10032, USA
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134
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Nikolić MZ, Caritg O, Jeng Q, Johnson JA, Sun D, Howell KJ, Brady JL, Laresgoiti U, Allen G, Butler R, Zilbauer M, Giangreco A, Rawlins EL. Human embryonic lung epithelial tips are multipotent progenitors that can be expanded in vitro as long-term self-renewing organoids. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28665271 PMCID: PMC5555721 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic mouse lung is a widely used substitute for human lung development. For example, attempts to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to lung epithelium rely on passing through progenitor states that have only been described in mouse. The tip epithelium of the branching mouse lung is a multipotent progenitor pool that self-renews and produces differentiating descendants. We hypothesized that the human distal tip epithelium is an analogous progenitor population and tested this by examining morphology, gene expression and in vitro self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human tips. These experiments confirm that human and mouse tips are analogous and identify signalling pathways that are sufficient for long-term self-renewal of human tips as differentiation-competent organoids. Moreover, we identify mouse-human differences, including markers that define progenitor states and signalling requirements for long-term self-renewal. Our organoid system provides a genetically-tractable tool that will allow these human-specific features of lung development to be investigated. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.001 Degenerative lung disease occurs when the structure of the lungs breaks down, which makes it harder to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream. Most, but not all, cases occur in smokers and ex-smokers or people who have been exposed to a lot of air pollution. Currently, there is no way to reverse the damage, and even slowing the progress of the disease is extremely difficult. Some researchers are looking for ways to treat patients with degenerative lung diseases by regenerating the surface of their lungs. However, it is still not clear what the most effective route towards this long-term goal will be. One approach to lung regeneration is to use findings from developmental biology to understand how embryos normally build the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. This knowledge may allow scientists to trigger a similar process in an adult lung to renew or replace any diseased tissue. Alternatively, cells could be collected from patients, reprogrammed and then coaxed into becoming a gas exchange surface in the laboratory. Such a “lung-in-a-dish” could be used to understand how degenerative diseases develop, to discover and test new drugs, or even to treat the patient directly via a transplant. To date, the embryonic development of lungs has mostly been studied using mouse lungs as a model system. However, it was not clear if human lungs actually develop in similar ways to mouse lungs, and whether using mice is a valid research strategy. Nikolić et al. compared embryonic lungs from humans and mice and showed that they are indeed very similar in terms of the cell types that they contain and how they mature. However, some key differences were identified that can only be explored in human cells and tissue. Nikolić et al. went on to identify conditions that allowed them to grow cells from human embryonic lungs indefinitely in a dish. These cells can now be used to investigate the aspects of lung development that are specific to humans. Together these findings provide a useful guide to allow scientists to coax human cells growing in a laboratory to become lung cells. Further improvements to this process will make the lungs-in-a-dish more true to the real organs, meaning that they could be used to better understand lung disease and identify new medicines. In the longer term, Nikolić et al. hope to gain enough insight from the human lung-in-a-dish model to eventually be able to regenerate the lungs of patients with degenerative lung disease. However, this possibility is still many years away. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oriol Caritg
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Quitz Jeng
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-Anne Johnson
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane L Brady
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Usua Laresgoiti
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Allen
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Cambridge and Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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135
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Green AA, Mosaliganti KR, Swinburne IA, Obholzer ND, Megason SG. Recovery of shape and size in a developing organ pair. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:451-465. [PMID: 28295855 PMCID: PMC5426968 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired organs in animals are largely bilaterally symmetric despite inherent noise in most biological processes. How is precise organ shape and size achieved during development despite this noise? Examining paired organ development is a challenge because it requires repeated quantification of two structures in parallel within living embryos. Here we combine bilateral quantification of morphology through time with asymmetric perturbations to study regulation of organ shape, size, and symmetry in developing organ pairs. RESULTS We present quantitative live imaging tools to measure the shape and size of the developing inner ears on both the left and right side simultaneously over time. By quantifying variation between the left and right inner ear (intrinsic noise) and between different individuals (extrinsic noise), we find that initial variability decreases over time in normal development to achieve symmetry. Early asymmetry is increased by environmental stress, but symmetry is still recovered over subsequent developmental time. Using multiple unilateral perturbations including Fgf signaling and ultraviolet light, we find that growth can be adjusted to compensate for a range of initial size and shape differences. CONCLUSIONS We propose that symmetry in developmental systems does not emerge through precise deterministic bilateral development, but rather through feedback mechanisms that adjust morphogenesis rates to account for variation. Developmental Dynamics 246:451-465, 2016. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Green
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ian A Swinburne
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikolaus D Obholzer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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136
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Abstract
The appearance of the first animal species on earth coincides with the emergence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways. The evolution of these animals into more complex organisms coincides with a progressively increased TGFβ repertoire through gene duplications and divergence, making secreted TGFβ molecules the largest family of morphogenetic proteins in humans. It is therefore not surprising that TGFβ pathways govern numerous aspects of human biology from early embryonic development to regeneration, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and immunity. Such heavy reliance on these pathways is reflected in the susceptibility to minor perturbations in pathway components that can lead to dysregulated signaling and a diverse range of human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and developmental disorders. Attempts to comprehensively resolve these signaling cascades are complicated by the long-recognized paradoxical role the pathway plays in cell biology. Recently, several groups have probed examples of the disparate aspects of TGFβ biology in a variety of animal models and uncovered novel context-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Here, we briefly review recent advancements and discuss their overall impact in directing future TGFβ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ayyaz
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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137
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Szymaniak AD, Mi R, McCarthy SE, Gower AC, Reynolds TL, Mingueneau M, Kukuruzinska M, Varelas X. The Hippo pathway effector YAP is an essential regulator of ductal progenitor patterning in the mouse submandibular gland. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28492365 PMCID: PMC5466420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands, such as submandibular glands (SMGs), are composed of branched epithelial ductal networks that terminate in acini that together produce, transport and secrete saliva. Here, we show that the transcriptional regulator Yap, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, is required for the proper patterning and morphogenesis of SMG epithelium. Epithelial deletion of Yap in developing SMGs results in the loss of ductal structures, arising from reduced expression of the EGF family member Epiregulin, which we show is required for the expansion of Krt5/Krt14-positive ductal progenitors. We further show that epithelial deletion of the Lats1 and Lats2 genes, which encode kinases that restrict nuclear Yap localization, results in morphogenesis defects accompanied by an expansion of Krt5/Krt14-positive cells. Collectively, our data indicate that Yap-induced Epiregulin signaling promotes the identity of SMG ductal progenitors and that removal of nuclear Yap by Lats1/2-mediated signaling is critical for proper ductal maturation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23499.001 Our mouths are continually bathed by saliva – a thick, clear liquid that helps us to swallow and digest our food and protects us against infections. Saliva is produced by and released from salivary glands, which are organs that contain a branched network of tubes. Salivary glands can only properly develop if immature cells known as stem cells, which give rise to the mature cells in the organ, are controlled. Despite their importance for development of salivary glands, little has been known about the signals that control these stem cells. Szymaniak et al. have now discovered new regulators of the salivary gland stem cells in mice, including essential roles in the regulation of these cells by a protein known as Yap. The Yap protein is controlled by a set of proteins that together are known as the Hippo pathway. Szymaniak et al. found that when the gene for Yap was deleted in mice very few stem cells were made, and the transport tubes of the salivary tubes failed to develop. Conversely, when the Hippo pathway was disrupted in mice there were too many stem cells because they could not properly develop into the mature cells, leading to incorrect transport tube development.. These results indicate that Yap is essential for controlling the stem cells of the salivary glands, and offer important insight into the signals that control how the salivary glands develop. The next step will be to investigate whether the Hippo pathway or Yap are affected in diseases of the salivary gland, which often show incorrect numbers of stem cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23499.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongjuan Mi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Shannon E McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Adam C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Maria Kukuruzinska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
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138
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Lin C, Yao E, Zhang K, Jiang X, Croll S, Thompson-Peer K, Chuang PT. YAP is essential for mechanical force production and epithelial cell proliferation during lung branching morphogenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28323616 PMCID: PMC5360446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a fundamental program for tissue patterning. We show that active YAP, a key mediator of Hippo signaling, is distributed throughout the murine lung epithelium and loss of epithelial YAP severely disrupts branching. Failure to branch is restricted to regions where YAP activity is removed. This suggests that YAP controls local epithelial cell properties. In support of this model, mechanical force production is compromised and cell proliferation is reduced in Yap mutant lungs. We propose that defective force generation and insufficient epithelial cell number underlie the branching defects. Through genomic analysis, we also uncovered a feedback control of pMLC levels, which is critical for mechanical force production, likely through the direct induction of multiple regulators by YAP. Our work provides a molecular pathway that could control epithelial cell properties required for proper morphogenetic movement and pattern formation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21130.001 Air enters our lungs through a system of airways that spread outwards from the windpipe like the branches of a tree. Before we are born, each branch is shaped by the organization and movement of cells that form the walls of the airways, called epithelial cells. This process requires the cells to communicate and coordinate with each other by receiving and/or sending chemical signals. One important system that epithelial cells use to communicate is called the Hippo pathway, which uses a molecule called YAP to execute received messages. Exactly how YAP helps airways in the lungs to develop was not well understood. By studying developing mouse lungs, Lin et al. have now found that YAP is present in the epithelial cells of all developing airways. Inactivating YAP in specific parts of the lungs prevented the formation of new branches of the airway in just those regions that lacked YAP. This suggests that YAP is needed for airways to branch properly and form the extensive network present in healthy lungs. Further investigation using genomics approaches revealed that YAP regulates the activity of genes that control how epithelial cells divide and contract. Without YAP, fewer cells were produced and they were unable to produce the forces required to change shape and move to form airways. In particular, YAP controls the production of a modified form of a protein called phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) through a regulatory pathway. The pMLC protein is critical for the cells to produce the mechanical forces that they need to be able to contract correctly. Overall, the results presented by Lin et al. suggest that YAP controls the properties of the epithelial cells to enable them to form new airway branches. Branched structures also form in a number of other organs, and the mechanisms that cause these structures to form are thought to be similar to those that form the airways. Lin et al.’s work could therefore help us to understand how organs develop more generally. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21130.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stacey Croll
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Katherine Thompson-Peer
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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139
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Noguchi S, Saito A, Mikami Y, Urushiyama H, Horie M, Matsuzaki H, Takeshima H, Makita K, Miyashita N, Mitani A, Jo T, Yamauchi Y, Terasaki Y, Nagase T. TAZ contributes to pulmonary fibrosis by activating profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42595. [PMID: 28195168 PMCID: PMC5307361 DOI: 10.1038/srep42595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) regulates a variety of biological processes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TAZ are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including actin cytoskeleton and mechanical forces. TAZ is involved in lung alveolarization during lung development and Taz-heterozygous mice are resistant to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In this study, we explored the roles of TAZ in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) through histological analyses of human lung tissues and cell culture experiments. TAZ was highly expressed in the fibroblastic foci of lungs from patients with IPF. TAZ controlled myofibroblast marker expression, proliferation, migration, and matrix contraction in cultured lung fibroblasts. Importantly, actin stress fibers and nuclear accumulation of TAZ were more evident when cultured on a stiff matrix, suggesting a feedback mechanism to accelerate fibrotic responses. Gene expression profiling revealed TAZ-mediated regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and type I collagen. Clinical relevance of TAZ-regulated gene signature was further assessed using publicly available transcriptome data. These findings suggest that TAZ is involved in the pathogenesis of IPF through multifaceted effects on lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kosuke Makita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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140
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Nishio M, Maehama T, Goto H, Nakatani K, Kato W, Omori H, Miyachi Y, Togashi H, Shimono Y, Suzuki A. Hippo vs. Crab: tissue-specific functions of the mammalian Hippo pathway. Genes Cells 2017; 22:6-31. [PMID: 28078823 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital suppressor of tumorigenesis that is often inactivated in human cancers. In normal cells, the Hippo pathway is triggered by external forces such as cell crowding, or changes to the extracellular matrix or cell polarity. Once activated, Hippo signaling down-regulates transcription supported by the paralogous cofactors YAP1 and TAZ. The Hippo pathway's functions in normal and cancer biology have been dissected by studies of mutant mice with null or conditional tissue-specific mutations of Hippo signaling elements. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize results that have been gleaned from detailed in vivo characterizations of these mutants. Our goal is to describe the physiological roles of Hippo signaling in several normal organ systems, as well as to emphasize how disruption of the Hippo pathway, and particularly hyperactivation of YAP1/TAZ, can be oncogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakatani
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wakako Kato
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideru Togashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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141
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Fodor LE, Gézsi A, Ungvári L, Semsei AF, Gál Z, Nagy A, Gálffy G, Tamási L, Kiss A, Antal P, Szalai C. Investigation of the Possible Role of the Hippo/YAP1 Pathway in Asthma and Allergy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:247-256. [PMID: 28293931 PMCID: PMC5352576 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Several lines of evidence indicate that the Hippo/Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) pathways might play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. To investigate the possible role of the Hippo/YAP1 pathway in the pathogenesis of asthma or its phenotypes. Methods The levels of gene expressions of the members of the Hippo/YAP1 were compared. The presence of the proteins of the YAP1 and FRMD6 were analyzed with Western blot in induced sputum of 18 asthmatic subjects and 10 control subjects. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the YAP1 gene were genotyped in 522 asthmatic subjects and 711 healthy controls. The results were evaluated with traditional frequentist methods and with Bayesian network-based Bayesian multilevel analysis of relevance (BN-BMLA). Results The mRNA of all the members of the Hippo/YAP1 pathway could be detected in the induced sputum of both controls and cases. A correlation was found between YAP1 mRNA levels and sputum bronchial epithelial cells (r=0.575, P=0.003). The signal for the FRMD6 protein could be detected in all sputum samples while the YAP1 protein could not be detected in the sputum samples, of the healthy controls and severe asthmatics, but it was detectable in mild asthmatics. The rs2846836 SNP of the YAP1 gene was significantly associated with exercise-induced asthma (odds ratio [OR]=2.1 [1.3-3.4]; P=0.004). The distribution of genotypes of rs11225138 and certain haplotypes of the YAP1 gene showed significant differences between different asthma severity statuses. With BN-BMLA, 2 SNPs, genetic variations in the FRMD6 gene proved to be the most relevant to exercise-induced asthma and allergic rhinitis. These 2 SNPs through allergic rhinitis and exercise-induced asthma were in epistatic interaction with each other. Conclusions Our results provided additional evidence that the FRMD6/Hippo/YAP1 pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. If additional studies can confirm these findings, this pathway can be a potential novel therapeutic target in asthma and other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili E Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ldikó Ungvári
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes F Semsei
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Gál
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gabriella Gálffy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Tamási
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Heim, Pal Children Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szalai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Heim, Pal Children Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
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142
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Yoon J, Choi YJ, Lee E, Cho HJ, Yang SI, Kim YH, Jung YH, Seo JH, Kwon JW, Kim HB, Lee SY, Kim BS, Shim JY, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Hong SJ. Allergic Rhinitis in Preschool Children and the Clinical Utility of FeNO. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:314-321. [PMID: 28497918 PMCID: PMC5446946 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nature of allergic rhinitis (AR) in preschool aged children remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AR and its associated risk factors in preschool-aged children and to assess the clinical utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). METHODS This general population-based, cross-sectional survey included 933 preschool-aged (3- to 7-year-old) children from Korea. Current AR was defined as having nasal symptoms within the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed AR. RESULTS The prevalence of current AR in preschool children was 17.0% (156/919). Mold exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.43) and the use of antibiotics (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.33-2.90) during infancy were associated with an increased risk of current AR, whereas having an older sibling (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.75) reduced the risk. Children with current atopic AR had significantly higher geometric mean levels of FeNO compared to those with non-atopic rhinitis (12.43; range of 1standard deviation [SD], 7.31-21.14 vs 8.25; range of 1SD, 5.62-12.10, P=0.001) or non-atopic healthy children (8.58; range of 1SD, 5.51-13.38, P<0.001). The FeNO levels were higher in children with current atopic AR compared with atopic healthy children (9.78; range of 1SD, 5.97-16.02, P=0.083). CONCLUSIONS Mold exposure and use of antibiotics during infancy increases the risk of current AR, whereas having an older sibling reduces it. Children with current atopic AR exhibit higher levels of FeNO compared with non-atopic rhinitis cases, suggesting that FeNO levels may be a useful discriminatory marker for subtypes of AR in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for the Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yean Jung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for the Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for the Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyo Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bong Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joo Shil Lee
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Research Center for the Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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143
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Moya IM, Halder G. The Hippo pathway in cellular reprogramming and regeneration of different organs. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 43:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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144
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Horie M, Saito A, Ohshima M, Suzuki HI, Nagase T. YAP and TAZ modulate cell phenotype in a subset of small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1755-1766. [PMID: 27627196 PMCID: PMC5198951 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy that shows rapid development of chemoresistance and a high rate of recurrence. Recent genome and transcriptome studies have provided the whole landscape of genomic alterations and gene expression changes in SCLC. In light of the inter‐individual heterogeneity of SCLC, subtyping of SCLC might be helpful for prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis. Based on the transcriptome data of SCLC cell lines, we undertook transcriptional network‐defined SCLC classification and identified a unique SCLC subgroup characterized by relatively high expression of Hippo pathway regulators Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) (YAP/TAZ subgroup). The YAP/TAZ subgroup displayed adherent cell morphology, lower expression of achaete‐scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1) and neuroendocrine markers, and higher expression of laminin and integrin. YAP knockdown caused cell morphological alteration reminiscent of floating growth pattern in many SCLC cell lines, and microarray analyses revealed a subset of genes regulated by YAP, including Ajuba LIM protein (AJUBA). AJUBA also contributed to cell morphology regulation. Of clinical importance, SCLC cell lines of the YAP/TAZ subgroup showed unique patterns of drug sensitivity. Our findings shed light on a subtype of SCLC with YAP and TAZ expression, and delineate molecular networks underlying the heterogeneity of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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145
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López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Pais RS, Torrens R, Hoeflich A, Pichel JG. Involvement of Igf1r in Bronchiolar Epithelial Regeneration: Role during Repair Kinetics after Selective Club Cell Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166388. [PMID: 27861515 PMCID: PMC5115747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of lung epithelium is vital for maintaining airway function and integrity. An imbalance between epithelial damage and repair is at the basis of numerous chronic lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factors) signaling has been associated with most of these respiratory pathologies, although their mechanisms of action in this tissue remain poorly understood. Expression profiles analyses of IGF system genes performed in mouse lung support their functional implication in pulmonary ontogeny. Immuno-localization revealed high expression levels of Igf1r (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and smooth muscle. To further understand the role of Igf1r in pulmonary homeostasis, two distinct lung epithelial-specific Igf1r mutant mice were generated and studied. The lack of Igf1r disturbed airway epithelial differentiation in adult mice, and revealed enhanced proliferation and altered morphology in distal airway club cells. During recovery after naphthalene-induced club cell injury, the kinetics of terminal bronchiolar epithelium regeneration was hindered in Igf1r mutants, revealing increased proliferation and delayed differentiation of club and ciliated cells. Amid airway restoration, lungs of Igf1r deficient mice showed increased levels of Igf1, Insr, Igfbp3 and epithelial precursor markers, reduced amounts of Scgb1a1 protein, and alterations in IGF signaling mediators. These results support the role of Igf1r in controlling the kinetics of cell proliferation and differentiation during pulmonary airway epithelial regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icíar P López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosete S Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José G Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
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146
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Tan Q, Choi KM, Sicard D, Tschumperlin DJ. Human airway organoid engineering as a step toward lung regeneration and disease modeling. Biomaterials 2016; 113:118-132. [PMID: 27815996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids represent both a potentially powerful tool for the study cell-cell interactions within tissue-like environments, and a platform for tissue regenerative approaches. The development of lung tissue-like organoids from human adult-derived cells has not previously been reported. Here we combined human adult primary bronchial epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts, and lung microvascular endothelial cells in supportive 3D culture conditions to generate airway organoids. We demonstrate that randomly-seeded mixed cell populations undergo rapid condensation and self-organization into discrete epithelial and endothelial structures that are mechanically robust and stable during long term culture. After condensation airway organoids generate invasive multicellular tubular structures that recapitulate limited aspects of branching morphogenesis, and require actomyosin-mediated force generation and YAP/TAZ activation. Despite the proximal source of primary epithelium used in the airway organoids, discrete areas of both proximal and distal epithelial markers were observed over time in culture, demonstrating remarkable epithelial plasticity within the context of organoid cultures. Airway organoids also exhibited complex multicellular responses to a prototypical fibrogenic stimulus (TGF-β1) in culture, and limited capacity to undergo continued maturation and engraftment after ectopic implantation under the murine kidney capsule. These results demonstrate that the airway organoid system developed here represents a novel tool for the study of disease-relevant cell-cell interactions, and establishes this platform as a first step toward cell-based therapy for chronic lung diseases based on de novo engineering of implantable airway tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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147
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Liu Z, Wu H, Jiang K, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chu Q, Li J, Huang H, Cai T, Ji H, Yang C, Tang N. MAPK-Mediated YAP Activation Controls Mechanical-Tension-Induced Pulmonary Alveolar Regeneration. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1810-9. [PMID: 27498861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary alveolar epithelium undergoes extensive regeneration in response to lung injuries, including lung resection. In recent years, our understanding of cell lineage relationships in the pulmonary alveolar epithelium has improved significantly. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate pneumonectomy (PNX)-induced alveolar regeneration remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical-tension-induced YAP activation in alveolar stem cells plays a major role in promoting post-PNX alveolar regeneration. Our results indicate that JNK and p38 MAPK signaling is critical for mediating actin-cytoskeleton-remodeling-induced nuclear YAP expression in alveolar stem cells. Moreover, we show that Cdc42-controlled actin remodeling is required for the activation of JNK, p38, and YAP in post-PNX lungs. Our findings together establish that the Cdc42/F-actin/MAPK/YAP signaling cascade is essential for promoting alveolar regeneration in response to mechanical tension in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kewu Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiqi Chu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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148
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Benítez-Santana T, Simion M, Corraze G, Médale F, Joly JS. Effect of Nutrient Availability on Progenitor Cells in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Dev Neurobiol 2016; 77:26-38. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibiábin Benítez-Santana
- INRA CASBAH Group, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute (Neuro-PSI) UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris Sud; Bat. 32/33, 1 Avenue De La Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
| | - Matthieu Simion
- INRA CASBAH Group, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute (Neuro-PSI) UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris Sud; Bat. 32/33, 1 Avenue De La Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRA UR 1067, Nutrition, Metabolism, and Aquaculture; Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRA UR 1067, Nutrition, Metabolism, and Aquaculture; Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- INRA CASBAH Group, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute (Neuro-PSI) UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris Sud; Bat. 32/33, 1 Avenue De La Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
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149
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Boucherat O, Jeannotte L, Hadchouel A, Delacourt C, Benachi A. Pathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary Blastoma. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016; 19:62-8. [PMID: 26907828 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a number of birth defects are associated with improper formation of the respiratory tract. Important progress has been made in the identification of components of the regulatory networks controlling lung morphogenesis. They comprise a variety of soluble factors, receptors, transcription factors, and miRNAs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unsolved and fundamental questions, such as those related to lung branching are still unanswered. Congenital cystic lung diseases consist of a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases mainly detected prenatally and characterized by airway dilatation. Despite their apparent phenotypic heterogeneity, these malformations are proposed to be related to a common malformation sequence occurring during lung branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1 V 4G5
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Hadchouel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, 92141 Clamart, France; INSERM, UMR 986, Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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150
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Yao Y, Minor PJ, Zhao YT, Jeong Y, Pani AM, King AN, Symmons O, Gan L, Cardoso WV, Spitz F, Lowe CJ, Epstein DJ. Cis-regulatory architecture of a brain signaling center predates the origin of chordates. Nat Genet 2016; 48:575-80. [PMID: 27064252 PMCID: PMC4848136 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches have predicted hundreds of thousands of tissue-specific cis-regulatory sequences, but the determinants critical to their function and evolutionary history are mostly unknown. Here we systematically decode a set of brain enhancers active in the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli), a signaling center essential for vertebrate forebrain development via the secreted morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh). We apply a de novo motif analysis tool to identify six position-independent sequence motifs together with their cognate transcription factors that are essential for zli enhancer activity and Shh expression in the mouse embryo. Using knowledge of this regulatory lexicon, we discover new Shh zli enhancers in mice and a functionally equivalent element in hemichordates, indicating an ancient origin of the Shh zli regulatory network that predates the chordate phylum. These findings support a strategy for delineating functionally conserved enhancers in the absence of overt sequence homologies and over extensive evolutionary distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Clinical Research Building 470, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul J. Minor
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd. Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Clinical Research Building 470, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariel M. Pani
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd. Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Anna N. King
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Clinical Research Building 470, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Orsolya Symmons
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wellington V. Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - François Spitz
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Lowe
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd. Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Douglas J. Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Clinical Research Building 470, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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