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Chen J, Xie JR, Xu FF, Cai G, Wang SB, Huang XB, Zhu QW, Zhao YT, Lin Q, Ye M, Yao Y, Yu B, Xu HP, Cai R, Qi WX, Xu C, Cao L. Quality Assurance of Protocol Compliance in a Multicenter Randomized Trial Investigating the Role of Hypofractionated Comprehensive Reginal Nodal Irradiation in Node-Positive Breast Cancer (HARVEST). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e168-e169. [PMID: 37784772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The HARVEST trial (NCT03829553) is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to explore efficacy and safety of hypofractionated irradiation (HFI) involving regional nodal irradiation (RNI, including internal mammary nodes, IMN) in N+ breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS). Current study aims to analyze the dosimetric quality assurance so as to evaluate the compliance to the trial protocol. MATERIALS/METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive conventional fractionated irradiation (CFI: 50 Gy/25Fx) or HFI (40.05 Gy/15Fx), which is delivered to ipsilateral chest wall or whole breast (CW/WB) with tumor bed boost (HFI: 10.68 Gy/4Fx; CFI: 10 Gy/5Fx) and comprehensive RNI (supra/infraclavicular nodes and IMN in each patient, lower axilla if indicated) by using IMRT technique. The plan quality was evaluated based on dose distribution, dose volume histogram (DVH) and field parameters. The target coverage, including planning target volume of CW/WB (PTV1) and tumor bed (PTV2) and doses of the organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated. The LQ model was used to convert doses of OARs in HFI group using α/β = 3 Gy (EQD23) for comparison. RESULTS Between Feb 21, 2019 and Feb 14, 2022, 801 patients were enrolled at 8 centers with 401 and 400 in CFI and HFI group, respectively. There were 182 patients received BCS and 387 patients were with more than three positive lymph nodes. In the CFI group, the D90 and V45 of PTV1 reached the prescribed dose in 70.6% and 96.0% of the patients, respectively. In the HFI group, the D90 and V36 of PTV1 reached the prescribed dose in 87.8% and 95.5% of the patients, respectively. When the tumor bed was irradiated, the D90 of PTV2 reached the prescribed dose in 95.6% in the CFI group and 100% in the HFI group, respectively. The mean D90 of PTV1 and PTV2 were 50.09±0.65 Gy and 60.63±0.91 Gy in CFI group while 40.11±0.56 Gy and 50.79±2.03 Gy in HFI group. For OARs constraints, protocol compliance was all above 95% (heart: 95.3%; ipsilateral lung: 95.5%; contralateral lung: 97.1%; humeral head: 98.2% and spinal cord: 100%) with no significant difference between CFI and HFI groups. For patients with left-sided breast cancer, the Dmean of the heart was 5.10±1.75 Gy vs. 4.59±1.86 Gy (EQD23) in CFI and HFI groups (p = 0.51), respectively. No significant differences in Dmean of the heart (1.45±0.71 Gy vs. 1.33±0.77 Gy (EQD23), p = 0.40) was found either between two groups in right-sided patients. The differences were significant in the Dmean of the ipsilateral lung (13.37±1.99 Gy vs. 11.17±3.50 Gy (EQD23), p<0.01), contralateral lung (0.88±0.73 Gy vs. 0.74±0.61 Gy (EQD23), p<0.01) and the ipsilateral humeral head (15.27±7.62 Gy vs. 13.05±6.19 Gy (EQD23), p<0.01) and the Dmax of spinal cord (21.40±8.82 Gy vs. 19.47±7.99 Gy (EQD23), p = 0.05) between CFI and HFI groups. CONCLUSION A high degree of compliance with protocol dose constraints was found for treatment plans in the HARVEST trial and doses to the most of OARs decreased in HFI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J R Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - F F Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S B Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X B Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q W Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - M Ye
- Renji Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - B Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - H P Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R Cai
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W X Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ji XZ, Liu S, Wang WZ, Zhao YT, Li LY, Zhang WL, Shen GF, Deng FR, Guo XB. [Associations between indoor volatile organic compounds and nocturnal heart rate variability of young female adults: A panel study]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:488-494. [PMID: 37291925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between short-term exposure to indoor total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) among young female adults. METHODS This panel study recruited 50 young females from one university in Beijing, China from December 2021 to April 2022. All the participants underwent two sequential visits. During each visit, real time indoor TVOC concentration was monitored using an indoor air quality detector. The real time levels of indoor temperature, relative humidity, noise, carbon dioxide and fine particulate matter were monitored using a temperature and humidity meter, a noise meter, a carbon dioxide meter and a particulate counter, respectively. HRV parameters were measured using a 12-lead Holter. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between the TVOC and HRV parameters and establish the exposure-response relationships, and two-pollutant models were applied to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS The mean age of the 50 female subjects was (22.5±2.3) years, and the mean body mass index was (20.4±1.9) kg/m2. During this study, the median (interquartile range) of indoor TVOC concentrations was 0.069 (0.046) mg/m3, the median (interquartile range) of indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, noise level and fine particulate matter concentration were 24.3 (2.7) ℃, 38.5% (15.0%), 0.1% (0.1%), 52.7 (5.8) dB(A) and 10.3 (21.5) μg/m3, respectively. Short-term exposure to indoor TVOC was associated with significant changes in time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters, and the exposure metric for most HRV parameters with the most significant changes was 1 h-moving average. Along with a 0.01 mg/m3 increment in 1 h-moving average concentration of indoor TVOC, this study observed decreases of 1.89% (95%CI: -2.28%, -1.50%) in standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals (SDNN), 1.92% (95%CI: -2.32%, -1.51%) in standard deviation of average normal to normal intervals (SDANN), 0.64% (95%CI: -1.13%, -0.14%) in percentage of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50), 3.52% (95%CI: -4.30%, -2.74%) in total power (TP), 5.01% (95%CI: -6.21%, -3.79%) in very low frequency (VLF) power, and 4.36% (95%CI: -5.16%, -3.55%) in low frequency (LF) power. The exposure-response curves showed that indoor TVOC was negatively correlated with SDNN, SDANN, TP, and VLF when the concentration exceeded 0.1 mg/m3. The two-pollutant models indicated that the results were generally robust after controlling indoor noise and fine particulate matter. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to indoor TVOC was associated with significant negative changes in nocturnal HRV of young women. This study provides an important scientific basis for relevant prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W Z Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L Y Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W L Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - G F Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes (Ministry of Education), College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F R Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X B Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Liu MF, Ma RX, Cao XB, Zhang H, Zhou SH, Jiang WH, Jiang Y, Sun JW, Yang QT, Li XZ, Sun YN, Shi L, Wang M, Song XC, Chen FQ, Zhang XS, Wei HQ, Yu SQ, Zhu DD, Ba L, Cao ZW, Xiao XP, Wei X, Lin ZH, Chen FH, Shan CG, Wang GK, Ye J, Qu SH, Zhao CQ, Wang ZL, Li HB, Liu F, Cui XB, Ye SN, Liu Z, Xu Y, Cai X, Hang W, Zhang RX, Zhao YL, Yu GD, Shi GG, Lu MP, Shen Y, Zhao YT, Pei JH, Xie SB, Yu LG, Liu YH, Gu SS, Yang YC, Cheng L, Liu JF. [Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 58:579-588. [PMID: 37339898 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20230316-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Liu
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - R X Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - X B Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650100, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - S H Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - W H Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - J W Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Q T Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - X Z Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y N Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - L Shi
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250299, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100032, China
| | - X C Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - F Q Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X S Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Q Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - S Q Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - D D Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - L Ba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xizang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lasa 850000, China
| | - Z W Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - X P Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - X Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Z H Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - F H Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C G Shan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - G K Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - S H Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - C Q Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Z L Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - H B Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X B Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - S N Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - X Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, China
| | - W Hang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - R X Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y L Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - G D Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - G G Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - M P Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - J H Pei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650100, China
| | - S B Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - L G Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - S S Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y C Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J F Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Moon S, Zhao YT. Convergent biological pathways underlying the Kallmann syndrome-linked genes Hs6st1 and Fgfr1. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4207-4216. [PMID: 35899427 PMCID: PMC9759331 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a congenital disorder characterized by idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and olfactory dysfunction. KS is linked to variants in >34 genes, which are scattered across the human genome and show disparate biological functions. Although the genetic basis of KS is well studied, the mechanisms by which disruptions of these diverse genes cause the same outcome of KS are not fully understood. Here we show that disruptions of KS-linked genes affect the same biological processes, indicating convergent molecular mechanisms underlying KS. We carried out machine learning-based predictions and found that KS-linked mutations in heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS6ST1) are likely loss-of-function mutations. We next disrupted Hs6st1 and another KS-linked gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1), in mouse neuronal cells and measured transcriptome changes using RNA sequencing. We found that disruptions of Hs6st1 and Fgfr1 altered genes in the same biological processes, including the upregulation of genes in extracellular pathways and the downregulation of genes in chromatin pathways. Moreover, we performed genomics and bioinformatics analyses and found that Hs6st1 and Fgfr1 regulate gene transcription likely via the transcription factor Sox9/Sox10 and the chromatin regulator Chd7, which are also associated with KS. Together, our results demonstrate how different KS-linked genes work coordinately in a convergent signaling pathway to regulate the same biological processes, thus providing new insights into KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: 516-686-3764; Fax: 516-686-3832;
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Abstract
Recursive splicing (RS) is a splicing mechanism to remove long introns from messenger RNA precursors of long genes. Compared to the hundreds of RS events identified in humans and drosophila, only ten RS events have been reported in mice. To further investigate RS in mice, we analyzed RS in the mouse brain, a tissue that is enriched in the expression of long genes. We found that nuclear total RNA sequencing is an efficient approach to investigate RS events. We analyzed 1.15 billion uniquely mapped reads from the nuclear total RNA sequencing data in the mouse cerebral cortex. Unexpectedly, we only identified 20 RS sites, suggesting that RS is a rare event in the mouse brain. We also identified that RS is constitutive between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and between sexes in the mouse cerebral cortex. In addition, we found that the primary sequence context is associated with RS splicing intermediates and distinguishes RS AGGT site from non-RS AGGT sites, indicating the importance of the primary sequence context in RS sites. Moreover, we discovered that cryptic exons may use an RS-like mechanism for splicing. Overall, we provide novel findings about RS in long genes in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marini TJ, Weiss SL, Gupta A, Zhao YT, Baran TM, Garra B, Shafiq I, Oppenheimer DC, Egoavil MS, Ortega RL, Quinn RA, Kan J, Dozier AM, Tamayo L, Carlotto C, Castaneda B. Testing telediagnostic thyroid ultrasound in Peru: a new horizon in expanding access to imaging in rural and underserved areas. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2699-2708. [PMID: 33970434 PMCID: PMC8572222 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid ultrasound is a key tool in the evaluation of the thyroid, but billions of people around the world lack access to ultrasound imaging. In this study, we tested an asynchronous telediagnostic ultrasound system operated by individuals without prior ultrasound training which may be used to effectively evaluate the thyroid and improve access to imaging worldwide. METHODS The telediagnostic system in this study utilizes volume sweep imaging (VSI), an imaging technique in which the operator scans the target region with simple sweeps of the ultrasound probe based on external body landmarks. Sweeps are recorded and saved as video clips for later interpretation by an expert. Two operators without prior ultrasound experience underwent 8 h of training on the thyroid VSI protocol and the operation of the telemedicine platform. After training, the operators scanned patients at a health center in Lima. Telediagnostic examinations were sent to the United States for remote interpretation. Standard of care thyroid ultrasound was performed by an experienced radiologist at the time of VSI examination to serve as a reference standard. RESULTS Novice operators scanned 121 subjects with the thyroid VSI protocol. Of these exams, 88% were rated of excellent image quality showing complete or near complete thyroid visualization. There was 98.3% agreement on thyroid nodule presence between VSI teleultrasound and standard of care ultrasound (Cohen's kappa 0.91, P < 0.0001). VSI measured the thyroid size, on average, within 5 mm compared to standard of care. Readers of VSI were also able to effectively characterize thyroid nodules, and there was no significant difference in measurement of thyroid nodule size (P = 0.74) between VSI and standard of care. CONCLUSION Thyroid VSI telediagnostic ultrasound demonstrated both excellent visualization of the thyroid gland and agreement with standard of care thyroid ultrasound for nodules and thyroid size evaluation. This system could be deployed for evaluation of palpable thyroid abnormalities, nodule follow-up, and epidemiological studies to promote global health and improve the availability of diagnostic imaging in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Marini
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - S L Weiss
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - A Gupta
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Y T Zhao
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - T M Baran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - B Garra
- Medical Imaging Ministries of the Americas, 10810 Lake Minneola Shores, Clermont, FL, 34711, USA
| | - I Shafiq
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - D C Oppenheimer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - M S Egoavil
- Medical Innovation and Technology, Calle Los Libertadores 635, 15046, San Isidro, Peru
| | - R L Ortega
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - R A Quinn
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - J Kan
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - A M Dozier
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - L Tamayo
- Medical Innovation and Technology, Calle Los Libertadores 635, 15046, San Isidro, Peru
| | - C Carlotto
- Medical Innovation and Technology, Calle Los Libertadores 635, 15046, San Isidro, Peru
| | - B Castaneda
- Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, 15088, San Miguel, Peru.
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7
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Wang SY, Yang XD, Gao HY, Xing JY, Hu Q, Huang TT, Wu P, Zhao YT, Liu HW, Liu WY, Wang HN, Zhou R, Chu L. [Analysis of components of proteins from Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:476-482. [PMID: 34791845 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the components of proteins from Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid using the shotgun method, and to identify the active components with potential regulatory effects for immune dysregulation diseases. METHODS The E. granulosus cyst fluid was collected aseptically from the hepatic cysts of patients with cystic echinococcosis, and characterized by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following digestion with trypsin. The protein data were searched using the software MaxQuant version 1.6.1.0 and the cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes of the identified proteins were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) method. RESULTS The E. granulosus cyst fluid separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) had a relative molecular mass of 25 to 70 kDa. LS-MS/MS analysis identified 37 proteins, including 32 known proteins and 5 unknown proteins. At least 4 proteins were preliminarily found to exhibit potential regulatory effects for immune dysregulation diseases, including antigen B, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). GO enrichment analysis showed that the identified proteins had 149 molecular functions and were involved in 341 biological processes. CONCLUSIONS E. granulosus cyst fluid has a variety of protein components, and four known proteins are preliminarily identified to be associated with immune dysregulation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China.,Co-first authors
| | - X D Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, China.,Co-first authors
| | - H Y Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - J Y Xing
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Q Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - T T Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - P Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - H W Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - W Y Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - H N Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - R Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - L Chu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, China
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8
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Moon S, Zhao YT. Spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific expression profiles of genes encoding heparan sulfate biosynthesis enzymes and proteoglycan core proteins. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1308-1318. [PMID: 34132783 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in almost all animal cells and plays an important role in various biological processes. HS functions mainly via covalently binding to core proteins to form HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), which are heterogeneous in the lengths of the HS chain, the modifications on HS, and the core proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG heterogeneity, although widely studied, are not yet fully defined. The expression profiles of HS biosynthesis enzymes and HSPG core proteins likely contribute to the HSPG heterogeneity, but these expression profiles remain poorly characterized. To investigate the expression profiles of genes encoding HS biosynthesis enzymes and HSPG core proteins, we systematically integrated the publicly available RNA sequencing data in mice. To reveal the spatial expression of these genes, we analyzed their expression in 21 mouse tissues. To reveal the temporal expression of these genes, we analyzed their expression at 17 time points during the mouse forebrain development. To determine the cell-type-specific expression of these genes, we obtained their expression profiles in 23 cell types in the mouse cerebral cortex by integrating single nucleus RNA sequencing data. Our findings demonstrate the spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific expression of genes encoding HS biosynthesis enzymes and HSPG core proteins and represent a valuable resource to the HS research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
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9
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Zhao YT, Zhang YN, Cheng R, He B, Liu CL, Zhou XM, Lei Y, Wang YY, Ren JR, Wang X, Chen YH, Xiao GQ, Savin SM, Gavrilin R, Golubev AA, Hoffmann DHH. Benchmark Experiment to Prove the Role of Projectile Excited States Upon the Ion Stopping in Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:115001. [PMID: 33798346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a precision energy loss measurement and theoretical investigation of 100 keV/u helium ions in a hydrogen-discharge plasma. Collision processes of helium ions with protons, free electrons, and hydrogen atoms are ideally suited for benchmarking plasma stopping-power models. Energy loss results of our experiments are significantly higher than the predictions of traditional effective charge models. We obtained good agreement with our data by solving rate equations, where in addition to the ground state, also excited electronic configurations were considered for the projectile ions. Hence, we demonstrate that excited projectile states, resulting from collisions, leading to capture-, ionization-, and radiative-decay processes, play an important role in the stopping process in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y N Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - R Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - C L Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - X M Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Y Lei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J R Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - X Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - G Q Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S M Savin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - R Gavrilin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - A A Golubev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter,School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
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10
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Hao DJ, Liu TJ, He BR, Yang JS, Zou P, Zhang ZP, Liu P, Zhang XF, Huang DG, Chen H, Li QD, Zhao YT. [Clinical observation of single-segment cervical adjacent segment disease treated with artificial cervical disc replacement]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3590-3595. [PMID: 33333682 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200715-02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes and radiographic results of artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR) for cervical adjacent segment disease (ASD). Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with single-segment cervical ASD treated with ACDR in Xi 'an Honghui Hospital from December 2013 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 9 females with a mean age of (46±7) years (36-63 years). Preoperative, postoperative 1 month and postoperative 24 months of clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded and compared. The clinical outcome mainly includes Japanese orthopedic association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI%), Odom score and complications. Imaging assessment mainly included range of motion (ROM) of cervical spine, surgical segment ROM, Cobb angle of surgical segment, degree of adjacent disc degeneration, heterotopic ossification, and prosthesis related image parameters. Results: In terms of clinical outcome, the average JOA score was 12.7±1.5 before surgery, 14.0±1.0 one month after surgery, 15.8±0.9 24 months after surgery, and the improvement rate of JOA was 75%±19%. The mean NDI% was 27.0%±2.8% before surgery, 20.5%±1.6% one month after surgery, and 15.3%±2.8% 24 months after surgery; the difference before and after treatment was statistically significant (F=159.101, P<0.01). Twenty patients were classified with excellent Odom score and 8 patients with good Odom score at the final follow-up. The total ROM of cervical spine, operation segment ROM, operation segment Cobb angle were all improved significantly after the operation (F=4.633, 6.063, 26.952, all P<0.05). There was a statistical difference in Miyazaki classification between adjacent discs above ACDR and below the fusion segment 24 months after surgery (μ(c)=2.12, P=0.034). The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 14.3%. The results of displacement degree of prosthesis were as follow: coronal plane (0.30±0.11) mm, sagittal plane (0.28±0.10) mm; subsidence of the prosthesis: (0.27±0.09) mm. No prosthesis loosening was observed. Conclusions: The clinical outcome of revision of cervical ASD by ACDR is satisfactory. The risk of intervertebral disc degeneration in adjacent segments is significantly lower than that of ACDF due to the presence of certain motor function postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - T J Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - B R He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - J S Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - P Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Z P Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - P Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - X F Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - D G Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Q D Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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11
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Zhao YT, Zhang J, Gao Y, Liu XF, Liu JJ, Wang XX, Xiang HF, Long YZ. Self-powered portable melt electrospinning for in situ wound dressing. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:111. [PMID: 32778125 PMCID: PMC7416801 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electrospun (e-spun) nanofibers for wound dressing have attracted wide attention due to its large specific surface area, large porosity and breathability. Compared with solution electrospinning (e-spinning), melt e-spinning is more bio-friendly without toxic solvent participation, which provides the possibility of in situ e-spinning on wounds directly. However, previously reported melt e-spinning devices were usually bulky and cumbersome due to their necessary heating unit, and different components were separated to avoid electrostatic interference. Results In this article, we report on a self-powered hand-held melt e-spinning gun which can work without any external power supply (outdoors). The problem of electrostatic interference for this integrated device was solved by using a special high heat transfer insulation unit. The apparatus is easy and safe to operate by a single hand due to its small volume (24 × 6 × 13 cm3) and light weight (about 450 g). Some biodegradable polymers, for example, polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were successful e-spun onto wounds directly by using this dressing gun. Conclusions PCL fibrous membrane has good biocompatibility and can be in situ electrospun to wound surface as a wound dressing by the portable melt e-spinning gun. Besides wound dressing, this hand-held melt e-spinning gun may be used in 3D printing and experimental teaching demonstration aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Jun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Hu PY, Zhao YT, Zhang J, Yu SX, Yan JS, Wang XX, Hu MZ, Xiang HF, Long YZ. In situ melt electrospun polycaprolactone/Fe3O4 nanofibers for magnetic hyperthermia. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2020; 110:110708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Chen BZ, Wu D, Ren JR, Hoffmann DHH, Zhao YT. Transport of intense particle beams in large-scale plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:051203. [PMID: 32575315 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transport of particle beams in plasmas is widely employed in fundamental research, industry, and medicine. Due to the high inertia of ion beams, their transport in plasmas is usually assumed to be stable. Here we report the focusing and flapping of intense slab proton beams transporting through large-scale plasmas by using a recently developed kinetic particle-in-cell simulation code. The beam self-focusing effect in the simulation is prominent and agrees well with previous experiments and theories. Moreover, the beam can curve and flap like turbulence as the beam density increases. Simulation and analysis indicate that the self-generated magnetic fields, produced by movement of collisional plasmas, are the dominant driver of such behaviors. By analyzing the spatial growth rate of magnetic energy and energy deposition of injected proton beams, it is found that the focusing and flapping are significantly determined by the injected beam densities and energies. In addition, a remarkable nonlinear beam energy loss is observed. Our research might find application in inertial confinement fusion and also might be of interest to the laboratory astrophysics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J R Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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14
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Zhao YT, Han ZG, Wu H, Zhang YL, Zhong F, Gao K, Xu HF. [Characteristics and dynamics of HIV-1 subtype distribution among injected drug users in Guangzhou, 2008 - 2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 40:1629-1633. [PMID: 32062928 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the characteristics and dynamics of individuals with HIV-1 subtype infection among injected drug users (HIV infection IDU) in Guangzhou between 2008 and 2015. Methods: HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from serum samples of the individuals that were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection among IDUs living in Guangzhou, between 2008 and 2015. The Pol gene segments of HIV-1 genome from these RNA samples were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) and sequenced. Subsequently, phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using both pol sequences of samples and references before the subtype of HIV-1 was determined. Distributions of HIV-1 subtypes detected in IDUs with different demographic characteristics in different years were compared. Results: A total of 437 pol gene segments were successfully obtained from 517 serum samples of HIV infection IDUs. The average age of 437 HIV infected IDUs was 37.37 years with standard deviation as 8.17 years. 51.5% (225/437) of the HIV infected IDU that registered residence were not in Guangdong. The Guangxi Registered residents were accounted for 54.2% (122/225). Proportion of subtype CRF07_BC (46.5%) appeared the highest, followed by CRF01_AE (24.3%), CRF08_BC (23.3%) and other subtypes (5.9%). The annual proportions of subtype CRF07_BC (trend χ(2)=19.703, P=0.006) and CRF08_BC (trend χ(2)=25.718, P=0.001) were significantly different. The proportion of subtype CRF07_BC decreased from 56.9% to 34.2% (trend χ(2)=15.139, P=0.000), while the proportion of CRF08_BC increased from 11.8% to 37.0% (trend χ(2)=22.577, P=0.000). The proportion of CRF08_BC was significantly higher in the HIV infected IDUs with Guangxi residence (Monte Carlo simulation of exact probability P=0.000, 99%CI: 0.000-0.000). Conclusions: CRF07_BC, CRF01_ AE and CRF08_BC were the predominant HIV-1 subtypes while multiple subtypes were co-circulated among the HIV infected IDUs in Guangzhou, between 2008 and 2015. Behavioral intervention set for HIV infected IDUs with Guangxi residence should be strengthened in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z G Han
- Department of Operational Control, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - F Zhong
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - K Gao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - H F Xu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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15
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Luo YF, Gu YZ, Zhong F, Xu HF, Cai YS, Fan LR, Zhao YT, Han ZG, He WY, Meng G, Jia XF, Cheng WB. [Characteristic analysis among MSM-users of the "Online HIV Acquisition Risk Assessment System" in Guangzhou]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:1217-1221. [PMID: 31658520 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of levels related to the risk through self-evaluation system, among MSM users in Guangzhou, between 2015 and 2017. Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, data was collected from the users of a self-evaluation system network related to HIV infection, based on the previous 'HIV health risk appraisal model'. Information on risk factors was collected to calculate the scores and levels of risks and to estimate the incidence of HIV. Taking the reference of R value on risks as (R=0.9-1.1) in general population. The ones with very low risk, with low risk, moderate risk, high risk and very high risk were set as R≤0.5, 0.5<R≤0.9, 0.9<R≤1.1, 1.1< R≤2.0 and R>2.0, respectively. The scores of modifiable risk factors were compared with different subgroups of MSM. Results: A total of 4 601 MSM were involved in this study, with the following features presented as: aged 16-64 (28.38±7.11) years, proportions of residence from Guangzhou, Guangdong province or other provinces as 38.6%(1 776/4 601)、35.4%(1 629/4 601) and 26.0%(1 197/4 601), 59.6%(2 742/4 601) received bachelor or above degrees. 81.3%(3 741/4 601) of them claimed as having homosexual orientation. R values of risk level on very low risk, low risk level, moderate risk, high risk and very high risk appeared as 12.9%(594/4 601), 50.9%(2 342/4 601), 17.0%(783/4 601), 14.8%(682/4 601) and 4.3%(200/4 601), respectively. Scores of modifiable risk factors decreased year by year (P<0.05), among MSM in this study. In either of the groups that experiencing insertive or receptive sex, the ones with heterosexual orientation presented the highest scores of modifiable risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusions: The risk levels on HIV infections called for special attention among the users of the self-evaluation network system. Among the MSM that carrying either insertive or receptive sex role, the ones with heterosexual orientation had the highest risk levels and scores of modifiable risk factors in Guangzhou. Further study should be explored to better understand the causes of related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Luo
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Z Gu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - F Zhong
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - H F Xu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y S Cai
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - L R Fan
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z G Han
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W Y He
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - G Meng
- Lingnan Partners Community Support Center, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - X F Jia
- Guangzhou Tianhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - W B Cheng
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Cheng WB, Li SM, Gu YZ, Zhong F, Huang WT, Luo YF, Cai YS, He WY, Fan LR, Zhao YT, Xu HF, Tang WM. [Status quo and characteristic analysis among MSM-users of the "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" in Guangzhou]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:1206-1211. [PMID: 31658518 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" among MSM who frequently using the Internet in Guangzhou. Methods: An online survey was conducted among MSM who were recruited through gay-website portals between August and September, 2018 in Guangzhou, to collect information regarding the use of and attitudes on the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" . Logistic regression was used to explore the association between the use of Internet intervention tools and related behavioral characteristics. Information on the awareness of AIDS, HIV testing, and condomless anal sex behavior were compared between the core or non-core services users. Results: A total of 777 Internet-based MSM were recruited as participants including 638 men (82.1%) as core service users. MSM were satisfied in using the the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" while more than 80.0% of the users felt that the tools were helpful in: increasing the HIV awareness, promoting test uptake, and reducing those related risk behavior. Comparing with those who did not use the tools, the users showed higher rates in practising condomless anal intercourse (1.50-1.86 times), commercial sex with men (11.60-21.21 times), and unprotected vaginal intercourse (13.62-20.67 times), in the last 6 months. Proportions of core service users appeared as: [96.6% vs. 74.8%, aOR (95%CI): 8.80 (4.85-15.97)] on HIV testing, [56.4% vs. 22.3%, aOR (95%CI): 4.54 (2.94-7.02)] on regular HIV testing and [86.2% vs. 80.6%, aOR (95%CI): 1.75 (1.06-2.89)] on awareness of HIV knowledge respectively, which were all significantly higher than the non-core service users. Conclusions: The frequent Internet using MSM in Guangzhou claimed to have had high acceptance and satisfaction on the local Internet HIV intervention service tools. The "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" had effectively reached the high-risk subgroups of MSM, increasing the awareness on related risk and promoting testing on HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Cheng
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - S M Li
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Z Gu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - F Zhong
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W T Huang
- China Project Office of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Y F Luo
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y S Cai
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W Y He
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - L R Fan
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - H F Xu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - W M Tang
- China Project Office of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou 510091, China
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Muthu V, Rohacek AM, Yao Y, Rakowiecki SM, Brown AS, Zhao YT, Meyers J, Won KJ, Ramdas S, Brown CD, Peterson KA, Epstein DJ. Genomic architecture of Shh-dependent cochlear morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.181339. [PMID: 31488567 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea develops from a ventral outgrowth of the otic vesicle in response to Shh signaling. Mouse embryos lacking Shh or its essential signal transduction components display cochlear agenesis; however, a detailed understanding of the transcriptional network mediating this process is unclear. Here, we describe an integrated genomic approach to identify Shh-dependent genes and associated regulatory sequences that promote cochlear duct morphogenesis. A comparative transcriptome analysis of otic vesicles from mouse mutants exhibiting loss (Smoecko ) and gain (Shh-P1) of Shh signaling reveal a set of Shh-responsive genes partitioned into four expression categories in the ventral half of the otic vesicle. This target gene classification scheme provides novel insight into several unanticipated roles for Shh, including priming the cochlear epithelium for subsequent sensory development. We also mapped regions of open chromatin in the inner ear by ATAC-seq that, in combination with Gli2 ChIP-seq, identified inner ear enhancers in the vicinity of Shh-responsive genes. These datasets are useful entry points for deciphering Shh-dependent regulatory mechanisms involved in cochlear duct morphogenesis and establishment of its constituent cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Muthu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex M Rohacek
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Staci M Rakowiecki
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander S Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Meyers
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Wang JQ, Han R, Li XP, Zhao YT, Yu XX, Wang XW, Wang K, Li G. [The efficacy and safety of salvage surgery for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 54:676-684. [PMID: 31550759 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the current evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and potential advantages of endoscopic compared with open salvage surgery for patients with local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases ranged between 2000 and 2017 was conducted. Included studies reported specific residual or local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer survival data. Proportional Meta-analysis was performed on both outcomes with a random-effects model and the 95% confidential intervals were calculated by Stata 12.0 software. Results: A total of 24 case series studies were included in the Meta-analysis.The pooled 2-year overall survival rates of endoscopic and open group were 84% (95%CI:72%-93%), 68%(95%CI:59%-77%),respectively.The pooled 2-year disease-free survival rates of endoscopic and open group were 68%(95%CI:53%-81%), 65%(95%CI:54%-75%),respectively. The pooled 5-year overall survival rates of endoscopic and open group were 72%(95%CI:37%-97%), 48% (95%CI:40%-56%),respectively.The pooled 5-year disease-free survival rates of endoscopic and open group were 65%(95%CI:29%-93%), 50%(95%CI:43%-57%),respectively.The combined outcome of endoscopic was higher than open procedure. In addition, less severe complications, lower local recurrence rates(27%vs32%).The 2-year overall survival rates of endoscopic was higher than open procedure in the staging of rT1, rT2, and rT3 (93%vs87%; 77%vs63%; 67%vs53%) , but was equal to open in the staging for rT4 (35%vs35%) .Meta-regression showed that the heterogeneity was correlated with advanced tumor ratio. Conclusions: The present Meta-analysis reveals that endoscopic approach offers a safe and efficient alternative to open approach with better short-term outcome and fewer postoperative complications in selecting patients strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hend and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510360, China
| | - R Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southen Hospital Affiliated to Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X P Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southen Hospital Affiliated to Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X X Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X W Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southen Hospital Affiliated to Southen Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Rao JW, Kaur S, Yao BM, Edwards ERJ, Zhao YT, Fan X, Xue D, Silva TJ, Gui YS, Hu CM. Analogue of dynamic Hall effect in cavity magnon polariton system and coherently controlled logic device. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2934. [PMID: 31270322 PMCID: PMC6610622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity magnon polaritons are mixed quasiparticles that arise from the strong coupling between cavity photons and quantized magnons. Combining high-speed photons with long-coherence-time magnons, such polaritons promise to be a potential candidate for quantum information processing. For harnessing coherent information contained in spatially distributed polariton states, it is highly desirable to manipulate cavity magnon polaritons in a two-dimensional system. Here, we demonstrate that tunable cavity magnon polariton transport can be achieved by strongly coupling magnons to microwave photons in a cross-cavity. An analog to the dynamic Hall effect has been demonstrated in a planar cavity spintronic device, where the propagation of cavity-magnon-polaritons is deflected transversally due to hybrid magnon-photon dynamics. Implementing this device as a Michelson-type interferometer using the coherent nature of the dynamic Hall and longitudinal signals, we have developed a proof-of-principle logic device to control the amplitude of cavity-magnon-polaritons by encoding the input microwave phase. Exploring photon-polariton interactions advances not only the understanding of polariton dynamics but also the modern technologies. Here the authors take advantage of strong coupled magnons and microwave photons in a cross-cavity to achieve tunable cavity magnon polariton transport which can be potentially applied as logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.,The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - B M Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, People's Republic of China.
| | - E R J Edwards
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Xue
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Silva
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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20
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Wu D, Yu W, Zhao YT, Hoffmann DHH, Fritzsche S, He XT. Particle-in-cell simulation of transport and energy deposition of intense proton beams in solid-state materials. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:013208. [PMID: 31499819 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.013208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code is used to investigate the transport and energy deposition of an intense proton beam in solid-state material. This code is able to simulate close particle interactions by using a Monte Carlo binary collision model. Such a model takes into account all related interactions between the incident protons and material particles, e.g., proton-nucleus, proton-bound-electron, and proton-free-electron collisions. This code also includes a Monte Carlo model for the collisional ionization and electron-ion recombination as well as the depression of the ionization potential by shielding of surrounding particles. Moreover, for intense proton beams, in order to include collective electromagnetic effects, significantly speed up the simulation, and simultaneously avoid numerical instabilities, an approach that combines the PIC method with a reduced model of high-density plasma based on Ohm's law is used. Simulation results indicate that the collective electromagnetic effects have a significant influence on the transport and energy deposition of proton beams. The Ohmic electric field would increase the stopping power and leads to a shortened range of proton beams in solid. The magnetic field would localize the energy deposition by collimating proton beams, which would otherwise be deflected by the collisions with nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - X T He
- Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
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21
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Abstract
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of long term visual quality after the implantation of the aspheric diffractive multifocal intraocular lens. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.One hundred and thirty cases of age-related cataract (170 eyes) after phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation were collected from September of 2009 to January of 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.There were 42 patients (57 eyes) with aspheric multifocal group, 43 patients (57 eyes) in the aspheric group and 45 patients (56 eyes) in the spherical group according to the different types of IOL implanted.At 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after operation, the following parameters were assessed: uncorrected and best corrected distance, medium and near vision acuity, contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberrations, modulation transfer functions (MTF), stereopsis, visual function and quality of life (VF/QOL) questionnaire survey. Results: At 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after operation, the uncorrected medium visual acuity in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group(0.30(0.10, 0.50), 0.30(0.10, 1.00), 0.30(0.10, 0.50)) was better than that of eyes in aspheric IOL group(0.40 (0.10, 0.0), 0.40 (0.20, 1.00), 0.40 (0.20, 0.50)) (Z(1)=-3.32,-1.73,-3.01, P(1)=0.00, 0.01, 0.00) and spherical IOL group (0.40(0.30, 1.00), 0.40(0.20, 1.00), 0.40(0.20, 1.00)) (Z(2)=-5.77,-3.19,-4.49, P(2)=0.00, 0.00, 0.00).And the near vision in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group(0.25(0.00, 1.00), 0.30(0.00, 1.00), 0.30(0.00, 1.00)) was also obviously better than that of eyes in aspheric IOL group (0.50(0.18, 1.00), 0.50(0.18, 1.00), 0.50(0.18, 1.00)) (Z(1)=-5.57,-5.37,-4.93, P(1)=0.00, 0.00, 0.00) and spherical IOL group(0.60(0.18, 1.00), 0.60(0.18, 1.00), 0.60(0.18, 1.00)) (Z(2)=-7.00,-6.91,-6.53, P(2)=0.00, 0.00, 0.00). At 5 years after operation, the mean higher-order aberration for 3.0mm and 5.0mm optical zone in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group (0.21(0.03, 0.46), 0.37(0.12, 2.01)) were significantly lower than that in spherical IOL group (0.43(0.10, 1.91), 0.46 (0.10, 1.91) ) (Z(2)=-4.81,-1.97, P(2)=0.00, 0.01).But there was no statistical difference between the aspheric diffractive multifocal and aspheric IOL group (0.21(0.03, 1.17), 0.34(0.06, 1.74)) (Z(1)=-0.10,-1.81, P(1)=0.92, 0.07).The mean spherical aberration for 3.0mm and 5.0mm optical zone in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group (0.01(-0.01, 0.20), 0.03(-0.10, 0.20)) were significantly lower than that in spherical IOL group (0.29(0.10, 0.99), 0.32(0.10, 0.99)) (Z(2)=-8.48,-8.54, P(2)=0.00, 0.01).But there was no statistical differences between the aspheric diffractive multifocal and aspheric IOL group (0.02(-0.09, 0.37), 0.04(-0.09, 0.37)) (Z(1)=-0.60,-0.73, P(1)=0.55, 0.46).About 86% of patients in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group do not need to wear glasses, it was better than the other two groups (χ(2)=17.83, 24.45, P=0.00, 0.00).The incidence of night glare and halo in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group 16/50(32%) was higher than that of aspherical IOL group 5/50(10%) and spherical IOL group 3/50(6%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=7.29, 10.98, P=0.00, 0.00).The overall satisfaction in aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL group was 45/50 (90%), better than that of aspherical IOL group 29/50(58%) and spherical IOL group 20/50(40%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=13.31, 27.47, P=0.00, 0.00). Conclusions: The aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL can provide patients with good and stable far, medium and near vision, to meet the needs of patients without glasses.At the same time, it can effectively reduce the high order aberrations and spherical aberration, improve visual quality.But due to night glare and glow, it does not apply to professional drivers and nighttime drivers. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 599-609).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Han ZG, Zhang YL, Wu H, Gao K, Zhao YT, Gu YZ, Chen YC. [Prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV infected men who have sex with men in Guangzhou, 2008-2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 39:977-982. [PMID: 30060315 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV infected men who have sex with (MSM) in Guangzhou. Methods: HIV-1 RNA were extracted from the serum specimens of the MSM newly confirmed to be HIV-1 positive, living in Guangzhou and receiving no anti-viral therapy from 2008 to 2015. HIV-1 pol gene segments, including full protease and part reverse transcriptase, were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and sequenced by Sanger. Subsequently, the sequence data were submitted to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database for drug resistance analysis. Results: Among 2 283 HIV infected MSM, HIV-1 pol gene segments were obtained from the serum samples of 1 986 HIV infected MSM aged 16-84 (30.18±8.24) years. Among them, the unmarried accounted for 74.17% (1 473/1 986), those of Han ethnic group accounted for 90.64% (1 800/1 986), those with education level of college or above accounted for 49.65% (986/1 986), those with education level of senior high school or secondary school accounted for 27.14% (539/1 986), those with education level of junior high school or below accounted for 20.89% (415/1 986). The distribution of subtypes was predominated by CRF07_BC (38.22%, 759/1 986) and CRF01_AE (34.49%, 685/1 986). The overall prevalence of drug resistance was 3.32% (66/1 986). The prevalence of resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were 1.36%(27/1 986), 0.65% (13/1 986) and 1.61% (32/1 986), respectively. Subtype B had higher resistance to PIs, NRTIs and NNRTIs and subtype CRF55_01B had highest resistance to NNRTIs compared with other subtypes. In subtype B, the resistant rates to D4T, EFV and NVP were highest (all 4.17%, 5/120), followed by those to NFV, AZT and RPV (all 3.33%, 4/120). In subtype CRF55_01B, the resistant rates to EFV and NVP were highest (all 5.50%, 16/291), followed by those to ETR and RPV (all 5.15%, 15/291). Conclusions: The prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV infected MSM in Guangzhou remained at low level and current antiretroviral drugs are generally effective. However, subtype B and CRF55_01B have higher drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Han
- Department of Operational Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - K Gao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Z Gu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y C Chen
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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Zhao YT, Kwon DY, Johnson BS, Fasolino M, Lamonica JM, Kim YJ, Zhao BS, He C, Vahedi G, Kim TH, Zhou Z. Long genes linked to autism spectrum disorders harbor broad enhancer-like chromatin domains. Genome Res 2018; 28:933-942. [PMID: 29848492 PMCID: PMC6028126 DOI: 10.1101/gr.233775.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are enriched in genes encoding synaptic proteins and chromatin regulators. Although the role of synaptic proteins in ASDs is widely studied, the mechanism by which chromatin regulators contribute to ASD risk remains poorly understood. Upon profiling and analyzing the transcriptional and epigenomic features of genes expressed in the cortex, we uncovered a unique set of long genes that contain broad enhancer-like chromatin domains (BELDs) spanning across their entire gene bodies. Analyses of these BELD genes show that they are highly transcribed with frequent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) initiation and low Pol II pausing, and they exhibit frequent chromatin-chromatin interactions within their gene bodies. These BELD features are conserved from rodents to humans, are enriched in genes involved in synaptic function, and appear post-natally concomitant with synapse development. Importantly, we find that BELD genes are highly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASDs, and that their expression is preferentially down-regulated in individuals with idiopathic autism. Finally, we find that the transcription of BELD genes is particularly sensitive to alternations in ASD-associated chromatin regulators. These findings suggest that the epigenomic regulation of BELD genes is important for post-natal cortical development and lend support to a model by which mutations in chromatin regulators causally contribute to ASDs by preferentially impairing BELD gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Deborah Y Kwon
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brian S Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maria Fasolino
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Janine M Lamonica
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Boxuan Simen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Zhaolan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Zhao YT, Yan X, He HW, Liu MN, Wang XX, Nie GD, Zhang J, Fu J, Long YZ. Solvent-free two-component electrospinning of ultrafine polymer fibers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new type of solvent-free electrospinning technique was developed to fabricate micro-fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Xu Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Guang-Di Nie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Jie Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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25
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Xu G, Barriga-Carrasco MD, Blazevic A, Borovkov B, Casas D, Cistakov K, Gavrilin R, Iberler M, Jacoby J, Loisch G, Morales R, Mäder R, Qin SX, Rienecker T, Rosmej O, Savin S, Schönlein A, Weyrich K, Wiechula J, Wieser J, Xiao GQ, Zhao YT. Determination of Hydrogen Density by Swift Heavy Ions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:204801. [PMID: 29219328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to determine the total hydrogen density and, accordingly, a precise plasma temperature in a lowly ionized hydrogen plasma is described. The key to the method is to analyze the energy loss of swift heavy ions interacting with the respective bound and free electrons of the plasma. A slowly developing and lowly ionized hydrogen theta-pinch plasma is prepared. A Boltzmann plot of the hydrogen Balmer series and the Stark broadening of the H_{β} line preliminarily defines the plasma with a free electron density of (1.9±0.1)×10^{16} cm^{-3} and a free electron temperature of 0.8-1.3 eV. The temperature uncertainty results in a wide hydrogen density, ranging from 2.3×10^{16} to 7.8×10^{18} cm^{-3}. A 108 MHz pulsed beam of ^{48}Ca^{10+} with a velocity of 3.652 MeV/u is used as a probe to measure the total energy loss of the beam ions. Subtracting the calculated energy loss due to free electrons, the energy loss due to bound electrons is obtained, which linearly depends on the bound electron density. The total hydrogen density is thus determined as (1.9±0.7)×10^{17} cm^{-3}, and the free electron temperature can be precisely derived as 1.01±0.04 eV. This method should prove useful in many studies, e.g., inertial confinement fusion or warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M D Barriga-Carrasco
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Blazevic
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Borovkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Casas
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - K Cistakov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Gavrilin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Iberler
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Jacoby
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Loisch
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Morales
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R Mäder
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S-X Qin
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - T Rienecker
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O Rosmej
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Savin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Schönlein
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Weyrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Wiechula
- Institute of Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Wieser
- Excitech GmbH, 26419 Schortens, Germany
| | - G Q Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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26
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Johnson BS, Zhao YT, Fasolino M, Lamonica JM, Kim YJ, Georgakilas G, Wood KH, Bu D, Cui Y, Goffin D, Vahedi G, Kim TH, Zhou Z. Biotin tagging of MeCP2 in mice reveals contextual insights into the Rett syndrome transcriptome. Nat Med 2017; 23:1203-1214. [PMID: 28920956 PMCID: PMC5630512 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurological disorder characterized by regressive loss of neurodevelopmental milestones and acquired psychomotor deficits. However, the cellular heterogeneity of the brain impedes an understanding of how MECP2 mutations contribute to RTT. Here we developed a Cre-inducible method for cell type-specific biotin tagging of MeCP2 in mice. Combining this approach with an allelic series of knockin mice carrying frequent RTT mutations (T158M and R106W) enabled the selective profiling of RTT-associated nuclear transcriptomes in excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. We found that most gene expression changes are largely specific to each RTT mutation and cell type. Lowly expressed cell type-enriched genes are preferentially disrupted by MeCP2 mutations, with upregulated and downregulated genes reflecting distinct functional categories. Subcellular RNA analysis in MeCP2 mutant neurons further reveals reductions in the nascent transcription of long genes and uncovers widespread post-transcriptional compensation at the cellular level. Finally, we overcame X-linked cellular mosaicism in female RTT models and identified distinct gene expression changes between neighboring wild-type and mutant neurons, altogether providing contextual insights into RTT etiology that support personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Fasolino
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janine M Lamonica
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgakilas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen H Wood
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Bu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darren Goffin
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaolan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cheng WB, Xu HF, Zhong F, Cai YS, Chen XB, Meng G, Lu YH, Han ZG, Fan LR, Zhao YT, Chen X, Liang CY, Wu H, Gao K, Mai HX, Tang C. [Application of " Internet Plus" AIDS prevention services among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou, China: results from 2010 to 2015]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 50:853-857. [PMID: 27686761 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To introduce the development strategy of " Internet Plus" AIDS prevention services and its implementation results from 2010 to 2015 in Guangzhou, China. Methods: A gay men's health column was created for an active website aimed at men who have sex with men(MSM), in collaboration with local community organizations and the Guangzhou CDC. We designed intervention tools(including scenario-based applications and HIV risk self-assessment systems)and an online HIV testing service platform, integrated with applied psychology and behavioral theory as well as the " Internet Plus" concept, to intervene in HIV infection risk factors among MSM. Data of clients who accessed the " Internet Plus" AIDS services from 2010 to 2015 were used to evaluate service operation. Six-year consecutive surveys, conducted between April and July of each service year, were collected using a national AIDS sentinel surveillance questionnaire. For each year of surveillance, information on HIV prevalence, HIV interventions received during the past year, unprotected anal intercourse in the past 6 months, and HIV testing in the past year were compared using the chi-squared(χ2)test, to roughly reflect the effect of"Internet Plus" AIDS prevention services. Results: As of 31 December 2015, a total of 34 395 MSM had received " Internet Plus" services and HIV testing. The number of MSM tested increased from 2 338 in 2010 to 8 054 in 2015. From 2010 to 2015, newly identified HIV cases in each year were 59, 166, 312, 283, 291, and 270, which accounted for 25.0%, 32.8%, 38.8%, 35.1%, 30.5%, and 23.2% of MSM HIV cases of Guangzhou, respectively. Sentinel surveillance data showed that during the study period, 3 047 MSM were investigated, with 405, 400, 401, 633, 608, and 600 each year, respectively. The proportion of participants who had received any HIV intervention during the past year was 74.3%(301), 70.8%(283), 83.3%(334), 85.0%(538), 69.1%(420), and 83.8%(503)each year, respectively(trend χ2=6.53, P=0.011). HIV testing done during the past year accounted for 44.0%(178), 44.3%(177), 49.4%(198), 53.4%(338), 56.1%(341), and 60.2%(361)each year, respectively(trend χ2=40.83, P<0.001). Unprotected anal intercourse in the past 6 months accounted for 59.3%(240), 62.0%(248), 56.6%(227), 57.0%(361), 48.4%(294), and 43.7%(262)each year, respectively(trend χ2=42.21, P<0.001). Conclusion: The"Internet Plus"AIDS prevention services in this study represent a manner to enhance traditional HIV prevention strategies. We found these services to be effective in implementation of the national AIDS control and prevention strategy, especially for the expansion of intervention, testing, and case identification among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Cheng
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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28
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Kwon DY, Zhao YT, Lamonica JM, Zhou Z. Locus-specific histone deacetylation using a synthetic CRISPR-Cas9-based HDAC. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15315. [PMID: 28497787 PMCID: PMC5437308 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to manipulate locus-specific histone acetylation to assess their causal role in gene expression and cellular and behavioural phenotypes have been impeded by a lack of experimental tools. The Cas9 nuclease has been adapted to target epigenomic modifications, but a detailed description of the parameters of such synthetic epigenome remodellers is still lacking. Here we describe a Cas9-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) and the design principles required to achieve locus-specific histone deacetylation. We assess its range of activity and specificity, and analyse target gene expression in two different cell types to investigate cellular context-dependent effects. Our findings demonstrate that the chromatin environment is an important element to consider when utilizing this synthetic HDAC. CRISPR-Cas9 has been utilized, through the fusion of catalytic dead nuclease with chromatin-remodellers, to modify the epigenetic state of specific loci. Here the authors manipulate locus-specific histone acetylation and describe the parameters that need to be considered for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Y Kwon
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Janine M Lamonica
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zhaolan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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29
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Wang JQ, Li G, Han R, Li XP, Mo TT, Deng R, Zhao YT. [Salvage surgical treatment for local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:1823-1826. [PMID: 29798496 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.22.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The salvage radiation or surgery is the main choice for recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer now. However the recurrent tumor becomes radiation insensitive and meanwhile,morbidity and mortality become higher.Recently the endoscopic salvage surgery has been developed;the collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that endoscopic nasopharyngectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of rNPC.This article reviewed related researches about the feasibility,methods, and current situation of endoscopic salvage surgery.
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30
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Lu XD, Wang B, Xu W, Zhang Q, Han D, Zhao YT. [Comparison of calcar replacement arthroplasty and Intertan nail in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in the aged]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:2466-71. [PMID: 27562044 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.31.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy between calcar replacement arthroplasty and InterTan nail in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the aged. METHODS From January 2008 to July 2013, a total of 58 elderly patients with intertrochanterie fracture , had been treated in Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Occupational Diseases Control and Treatment Hospital, were retrospectively compared.Half of them were treated with calcar replacement arthroplasty and half with InterTan nails.In the calcar replacement arthroplasty group, there were 8 men and 21 women, with an average age of (85.3±4.9) years, there were 8 A1, 16 A2 and 5 A3 fractures according to the AO classification.In the InterTan nail group, there were 10 men and 19 women, with an average age of (86.1±5.6) years, there were 11 A1, 15 A2 and 3 A3 fractures according to the AO classification.The 2 groups were compared in terms of the duration of the operation, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, time of off-bed activity, complications, mortality rate, Harris hip score, short form 36 questionnaire score and ADL score. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients in the calcar replacement arthroplasty group and twenty-six patients in the patients in each group were followed up InterTan nail group were follow-up for a period of 24 months.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding hospitalization time, complications, mortality rate, Harris hip score, short form 36 questionnaire score and ADL score(P>0.05). However, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and the time of off-bed activity for the calcar replacement arthroplasty and InterTan nail groups was respectively (78±29) minutes vs (59±32) minutes, (316±185) ml vs (108±97) ml, and (15±5.8) days vs (32±12.7) days, all of them with a significant difierence(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The patients in the calcar replacement arthroplasty group suffered longer operative time and more blood loss, but they can obtain early off-bed activity.The hospitalization time, complications, mortality rate, hip function and quality of Life between the two were the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Occupational Diseases Control and Treatment Hospital, Tianjin 300171, China
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31
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Yao Y, Minor PJ, Zhao YT, Jeong Y, Pani AM, King AN, Symmons O, Gan L, Cardoso WV, Spitz F, Lowe CJ, Epstein DJ. Erratum: Cis-regulatory architecture of a brain signaling center predates the origin of chordates. Nat Genet 2016; 48:970. [PMID: 27463400 DOI: 10.1038/ng0816-970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Yao Y, Minor PJ, Zhao YT, Jeong Y, Pani AM, King AN, Symmons O, Gan L, Cardoso WV, Spitz F, Lowe CJ, Epstein DJ. Cis-regulatory architecture of a brain signaling center predates the origin of chordates. Nat Genet 2016; 48:575-80. [PMID: 27064252 PMCID: PMC4848136 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches have predicted hundreds of thousands of tissue specific cis-regulatory sequences, but the determinants critical to their function and evolutionary history are mostly unknown1–4. Here, we systematically decode a set of brain enhancers active in the zona limitans intrathalamica (zli), a signaling center essential for vertebrate forebrain development via the secreted morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh)5,6. We apply a de novo motif analysis tool to identify six position-independent sequence motifs together with their cognate transcription factors that are essential for zli enhancer activity and Shh expression in the mouse embryo. Using knowledge of this regulatory lexicon, we discover novel Shh zli enhancers in mice, and a functionally equivalent element in hemichordates, indicating an ancient origin of the Shh zli regulatory network that predates the chordate phylum. These findings support a strategy for delineating functionally conserved enhancers in the absence of overt sequence homologies, and over extensive evolutionary distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul J Minor
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariel M Pani
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Anna N King
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Orsolya Symmons
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - François Spitz
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lowe
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang D, Zhang FH, Zhao YT, Xiao XG, Liu S, Shi HB, Lin AL, Wang YJ, Han Q, Sun QM. Association of polymorphism in ICAM-1 (K469E) and cytology parameters in patients' initial blood test with acute ischemic stroke. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:15520-9. [PMID: 26634518 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has become a serious health problem in many countries because of its poor outcome and worsening epidemic trend. Early identification of genetic risk factors and physiological indicators for stroke occurrence may help to reduce the incidence of stroke. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study including 50 AIS patients and 50 healthy individuals from a Chinese population to explore the association between AIS and patient complete blood profiles and the association between AIS and the genetic polymorphism K469E in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Compared to the control group, AIS patients showed a high percentage of mononuclear cells, low platelet count, low ratio of platelet to lymphocyte count, high frequency of the 469K allele, and low frequency of the 469E allele. White blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphatic cells, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, and platelet hematocrit levels showed no significant differences between the 2 groups and between different genotypes. Our results suggested an association of elevated levels of mononuclear cells and reduced platelet count with higher AIS risk. Our results also supported the hypothesis that the KK genotype at the K469E locus in ICAM-1 is a risk factor for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - F H Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - X G Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - S Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - H B Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - A L Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Q Han
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Q M Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhao YT, Wang M, Wang ZM, Fang RX, Wang XJ, Jia YT. Dynamic and Coordinated Expression Changes of Rice Small RNAs in Response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:625-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Zheng YG, Zhao YT, Ye HF, Zhang HW. Size-dependent elastic moduli and vibrational properties of fivefold twinned copper nanowires. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:315701. [PMID: 25030768 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/31/315701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on atomistic simulations, the elastic moduli and vibration behaviors of fivefold twinned copper nanowires are investigated in this paper. Simulation results show that the elastic (i.e., Young's and shear) moduli exhibit size dependence due to the surface effect. The effective Young's modulus is found to decrease slightly whereas the effective shear modulus increases slightly with the increase in the wire radius. Both moduli tend to approach certain values at a larger radius and can be suitably described by core-shell composite structure models. Furthermore, we show by comparing simulation results and continuum predictions that, provided the effective Young's and shear moduli are used, classic elastic theory can be applied to describe the small-amplitude vibration of fivefold twinned copper nanowires. Moreover, for the transverse vibration, the Timoshenko beam model is more suitable because shear deformation becomes apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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Zhao YT, Goffin D, Johnson BS, Zhou Z. Loss of MeCP2 function is associated with distinct gene expression changes in the striatum. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:257-66. [PMID: 23948639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental regression beginning 6-18months after birth, followed by a lifetime of intellectual disability, stereotyped behaviors, and motor deficits. RTT is caused by mutations in the gene encoding MeCP2, a methyl-CpG binding protein believed to modulate gene transcription. Gene expression studies of individual brain regions have reported that Mecp2 loss-of-function leads to both activation and repression of its gene targets in mice. Conditional deletion of MeCP2 from different brain regions has revealed unique insights into the role of these structures in mediating particular RTT-like phenotypes. However, the function of MeCP2 in the striatum, a major brain region involved in motor control and executive cognitive functions, has yet to be studied. Here, we characterized the gene expression changes in the striatum of Mecp2 mutant mice. We found a number of differentially expressed genes in the striatum of both constitutive Mecp2-null mice and mice lacking MeCP2 only from forebrain GABAergic neurons. These changes only occurred when MeCP2 expression levels had reached mature levels and RTT-like symptoms were manifest, supporting a role for MeCP2 in maintaining proper brain function. Many of the gene expression changes identified in the striatum have not previously been shown to change in the hypothalamus or cerebellum. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes in striatum as well as hypothalamus and cerebellum revealed that loss of MeCP2 does not affect the global landscape of gene expression. Additionally, we uncovered a number of differentially expressed genes in the liver of Mecp2-null mice suggesting an important role for MeCP2 in non-neuronal tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that the differential expression of genes following loss of MeCP2 occurs in a tissue- or cell-type specific manner and thus MeCP2 function should be understood in a cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zhu H, Zhou Y, Castillo-González C, Lu A, Ge C, Zhao YT, Duan L, Li Z, Axtell MJ, Wang XJ, Zhang X. Bidirectional processing of pri-miRNAs with branched terminal loops by Arabidopsis Dicer-like1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:1106-15. [PMID: 23934148 PMCID: PMC3766402 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs originate from primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) with characteristic stem-loop structures. Accurate processing of pri-miRNAs is required for functional miRNAs. Here, using pri-miR166 family as a paradigm, we report the decisive role of pri-miRNA terminal loops in miRNA biogenesis. We found that multi-branched terminal loops in pri-miR166s substantially suppressed miR166 expression in vivo. Unlike canonical processing of pri-miRNAs, terminal-loop-branched (TLBed) pri-miRNAs can be processed by Dicer-like1 (DCL1) complexes bi-directionally: from base to loop and from loop to base, resulting in productive and abortive processing of miRNAs, respectively. In either case, DCL1 complexes canonically cut pri-miRNAs at a distance of 16-17 base pairs (bp) from a reference single-stranded loop region. DCL1 also adjusts processing sites toward an internal loop through its helicase domain. Thus, these results provide new insight into the poorly understood processing mechanism of pri-miRNAs with complicated secondary structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhu
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. [2] Institute of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. [3] College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xu N, Li Y, Zhao YT, Guo L, Fang YY, Zhao JH, Wang XJ, Huang L, Guo HS. Identification and characterization of small RNAs in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35306. [PMID: 22514725 PMCID: PMC3325985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term RNA silencing (RNA interference, RNAi) describes a set of mechanisms that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two major types of RNAi-associated small RNAs (smRNAs) found in most eukaryotic organisms. Despite the presence of a plethora of non-coding RNAs longer than 50-nucleotide (nt) in length in various species of Archaea, little is known about smRNAs in archaea that resemble the 20-24-nt long smRNAs found in eukaryotes, which have been implicated in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Here, we report the finding of a large number of smRNAs approximatelly 20-nt in length, including phased smRNAs and potential miRNAs, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus p2 (Ssp2) based on deep sequencing. The expression of some of the miRNA candidates in Ssp2 was confirmed. Consistent with the Ssp2 hyperthermophilic properties, we found that higher temperatures more efficiently induced the production of the miRNA candidates in an in vitro system using the putative foldback precursor transcripts incubated with Ssp2 extract. Although we initially predicted putative target genes of some miRNA candidates, further analysis mapped the cleavage sites downstream of the miRNA candidate complementary regions, similar to those involved in plant miRNA-mediated TAS transcript cleavage. We also identified smRNAs from clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci, which play important roles in prokaryotic microbial defense systems. Archaea represent a unique life form next to Bacteria and Eukarya, and our results may provide a useful resource for further in-depth study on the regulation and evolution of smRNAs in this special organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao YT, Wang M, Fu SX, Yang WC, Qi CK, Wang XJ. Small RNA profiling in two Brassica napus cultivars identifies microRNAs with oil production- and development-correlated expression and new small RNA classes. Plant Physiol 2012; 158:813-23. [PMID: 22138974 PMCID: PMC3271769 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.187666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs are important regulators of plant development and seed formation, yet their population and abundance in the oil crop Brassica napus are still not well understood, especially at different developmental stages and among cultivars with varied seed oil contents. Here, we systematically analyzed the small RNA expression profiles of Brassica napus seeds at early embryonic developmental stages in high-oil-content and low-oil-content B. napus cultivars, both cultured in two environments. A total of 50 conserved miRNAs and 9 new miRNAs were identified, together with some new miRNA targets. Expression analysis revealed some miRNAs with varied expression levels in different seed oil content cultivars or at different embryonic developmental stages. A large number of 23-nucleotide small RNAs with specific nucleotide composition preferences were also identified, which may present new classes of functional small RNAs.
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Wong CE, Zhao YT, Wang XJ, Croft L, Wang ZH, Haerizadeh F, Mattick JS, Singh MB, Carroll BJ, Bhalla PL. MicroRNAs in the shoot apical meristem of soybean. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:2495-506. [PMID: 21504877 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in various developmental processes. In this study, we characterize the miRNA profile of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of an important legume crop, soybean, by integrating high-throughput sequencing data with miRNA microarray analysis. A total of 8423 non-redundant sRNAs were obtained from two libraries derived from micro-dissected SAM or mature leaf tissue. Sequence analysis allowed the identification of 32 conserved miRNA families as well as 8 putative novel miRNAs. Subsequent miRNA profiling with microarrays verified the expression of the majority of these conserved and novel miRNAs. It is noteworthy that several miRNAs* were expressed at a level similar to or higher than their corresponding mature miRNAs in SAM or mature leaf, suggesting a possible biological function for the star species. In situ hybridization analysis revealed a distinct spatial localization pattern for a conserved miRNA, miR166, and its star speciessuggesting that they serve different roles in regulating leaf development. Furthermore, localization studies showed that a novel soybean miRNA, miR4422a, was nuclear-localized. This study also indicated a novel expression pattern of miR390 in soybean. Our approach identified potential key regulators and provided vital spatial information towards understanding the regulatory circuits in the SAM of soybean during shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui E Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Liang H, Zhao YT, Zhang JQ, Wang XJ, Fang RX, Jia YT. Identification and functional characterization of small non-coding RNAs in Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:87. [PMID: 21276262 PMCID: PMC3039613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are regarded as important regulators in prokaryotes and play essential roles in diverse cellular processes. Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) is an important plant pathogenic bacterium which causes serious bacterial blight of rice. However, little is known about the number, genomic distribution and biological functions of sRNAs in Xoo. Results Here, we performed a systematic screen to identify sRNAs in the Xoo strain PXO99. A total of 850 putative non-coding RNA sequences originated from intergenic and gene antisense regions were identified by cloning, of which 63 were also identified as sRNA candidates by computational prediction, thus were considered as Xoo sRNA candidates. Northern blot hybridization confirmed the size and expression of 6 sRNA candidates and other 2 cloned small RNA sequences, which were then added to the sRNA candidate list. We further examined the expression profiles of the eight sRNAs in an hfq deletion mutant and found that two of them showed drastically decreased expression levels, and another exhibited an Hfq-dependent transcript processing pattern. Deletion mutants were obtained for seven of the Northern confirmed sRNAs, but none of them exhibited obvious phenotypes. Comparison of the proteomic differences between three of the ΔsRNA mutants and the wild-type strain by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis showed that these sRNAs are involved in multiple physiological and biochemical processes. Conclusions We experimentally verified eight sRNAs in a genome-wide screen and uncovered three Hfq-dependent sRNAs in Xoo. Proteomics analysis revealed Xoo sRNAs may take part in various metabolic processes. Taken together, this work represents the first comprehensive screen and functional analysis of sRNAs in rice pathogenic bacteria and facilitates future studies on sRNA-mediated regulatory networks in this important phytopathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Teng LL, Shao L, Zhao YT, Yu X, Zhang DF, Zhang H. The beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure in rats. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:940-8. [PMID: 20819430 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil on the response of doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily for 8 weeks with normal saline or n-3 PUFA intragastrically after induction of myocardial injury by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 2 mg/kg once weekly for 8 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. The cytoprotective role of n-3 PUFA against doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury was demonstrated by light microscopy, and serum cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10) were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Doxorubicin induced death, alterations in echocardiography parameters and histological damage, all of which are features that characterize heart failure. There were significant differences between the doxorubicin-induced heart failure group and the n-3 PUFA-treated group in terms of echocardiography parameters and cytokine changes. Thus, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, an effect that might be associated with recovery from an imbalance of the cytokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Teng
- Department of Geratology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao YT, Shao L, Teng LL, Hu B, Luo Y, Yu X, Zhang DF, Zhang H. Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Therapy on Plasma Inflammatory Markers and N-Terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:1831-41. [PMID: 20146881 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have suggested that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 PUFA) can exert favourable effects in patients with heart failure, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA on circulating inflammatory markers and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with heart failure. Seventy-six patients with heart failure were randomly assigned to receive 2 g/day of n-3 PUFA or placebo for 3 months. Treatment with n-3 PUFA significantly decreased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and NT-proBNP. Left ventricular ejection fraction showed a small, non-significant improvement. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly in smokers after n-3 PUFA treatment. Thus, n-3 PUFA can reduce levels of plasma inflammatory markers and NT-proBNP as biomarkers of risk stratification in patients with heart failure. n-3 PUFA may offer a novel therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Shao
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - LL Teng
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | - H Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ruan MB, Zhao YT, Meng ZH, Wang XJ, Yang WC. Conserved miRNA analysis in Gossypium hirsutum through small RNA sequencing. Genomics 2009; 94:263-8. [PMID: 19628031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several miRNA family and their targets in cotton had been identified by computational methods based on the conserved characterization of miRNAs. So far, there are no experiments to validate the existence of miRNAs in cotton. In this study, to analyze the miRNAs in cotton, a small RNA library of sequences from 18 to 26 nt of Gossypium hirsutum seedling has been built by high-throughput sequencing. In this library, 34 conserved miRNA families were identified by homology search and the miRNA sequences of them were also found in the library. Furthermore, potential targets of these conserved miRNA families were predicted in cotton TC library. However, based on the mature miRNAs and their miR sequences, only 8 conserved miRNA encoding loci (miR156, miR157a, miR157b, miR162, miR164, miR393, miR399, miR827) were identified from cotton EST sequences. Multiple encoding loci of some miRNAs were identified by comparing the cloned miRNA and miR sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Bin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Shi Y, Song W, Feng ZH, Zhao YT, Li F, Tian Y, Zhao YM. Disinfection of maxillofacial silicone elastomer using a novel antimicrobial agent: recombinant human beta-defensin-3. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:415-20. [PMID: 18841402 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maxillofacial silicone elastomer, when used as a prosthesis, is in contact with wound surfaces and mucosa, and tends to be contaminated with microorganisms from a patient's saliva and blood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of human beta-defensin-3 (HBD3) on the reduction of two resistant bacteria species from the surface of maxillofacial silicone elastomer. HBD3 cDNA was amplified from total RNA, which had been extracted from human gingival epithelium by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following this, the cDNA fragments were recombined in a prokaryotic expression vector. The constructed expression vectors pET-32a/HBD3 were transformed into Escherichia coli to obtain recombinant protein. After protein purification and refolding, the product was verified in classic antimicrobial experiments against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Specimens made of silicone elastomer A-2186, which had been contaminated with S. aureus or C. albicans, were immersed in rHBD3 or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (a positive control) for 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, or 60 min. The active recombinant HBD3 obtained in the current study eliminated the S. aureus and C. albicans microorganism from the surface of the maxillofacial elastomer after a 30-min immersion. There was no statistically significant difference between the rHBD3 group and the sodium hypochlorite 5.25% group. In conclusion, rHBD3 exhibits antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic strains that adhere to maxillofacial elastomer, and may, thus, contribute to the prevention of infections caused by S. aureus and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Abstract
In previous experiments on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1, temporary (10-20 min) replacement of glucose with 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) consistently caused a marked and very sustained potentiation (2-DG LTP). To find out whether 2-DG has a similar effect on inhibitory synapses, we recorded pharmacologically isolated mononosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs; under current clamp) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs; under voltage clamp); 2-DG was applied both in the presence and the absence of antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). In spite of sharply varied results (some neurons showing large potentiation, lasting for >1 h, and many little or none), overall there was a significant and similar potentiation of IPSP conductance, both for the early (at approximately 30 ms) and later (at approximately 140 ms) components of IPSPs or IPSCs: by 35.1 +/- 10.25% (mean +/- SE; for n = 24, P = 0.0023) and 36.5 +/- 16.3% (for n = 19, P = 0.038), respectively. The similar potentiation of the early and late IPSP points to a presynaptic mechanism of LTP. Overall, the LTP was statistically significant only when 2-DG was applied in the absence of glutamate antagonists. Tetanic stimulations (in presence or absence of glutamate antagonists) only depressed IPSPs (by half). In conclusion, although smaller and more variable, 2-DG-induced LTP of inhibitory synapses appears to be broadly similar to the 2-DG-induced LTP of excitatory postsynaptic potentials previously observed in CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krnjević
- Anaesthesia Research Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Abstract
In hippocampal slices, temporary (10-20 min) replacement of glucose with 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose is followed by marked and very sustained potentiation of EPSPs (2-DG LTP). To investigate its mechanism, we examined 2-DG's effect in CA1 neurons recorded with sharp 3 M KCl electrodes containing a strong chelator, 50 or 100 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In most cases, field EPSPs were simultaneously recorded and conventional LTP was also elicited in some cells by tetanic stimulation of stratum radiatum. 2-DG potentiated intracellular EPSP slopes by 48 +/- 5.1% (SE) in nine cells recorded with plain KCl electrodes and by 52 +/- 6.2% in seven cells recorded with EGTA-containing electrodes. In four of the latter cells, tetanic stimulation (twice 100 Hz for 1 s) failed to evoke LTP (2 +/- 1.1%), although field EPSPs were clearly potentiated (by 28 +/- 6.9%). Thus unlike tetanic LTP, 2-DG LTP is not readily prevented by postsynaptic intraneuronal injection of EGTA. These findings agree with other evidence that the rise in postsynaptic (somatic) [Ca(2+)](i) caused by 2-DG is not the principal trigger for the subsequent 2-DG LTP and that it may be a purely presynaptic phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zhao
- Anaesthesia Research Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Zhao YT, Tekkök S, Krnjević K. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose-induced changes in membrane potential, input resistance, and excitatory postsynaptic potentials of CA1 hippocampal neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75:368-74. [PMID: 9250370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporary block of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) reversibly suppresses synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. Recovery of responses is followed by a sustained potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) (2-DG-LTP). To investigate the mechanisms involved in this type of LTP, we studied the effects of 2-DG on membrane properties of CA1 neurons (in slices from Sprague-Dawley rats), recorded with sharp intracellular electrodes containing 3 M KCl, as well as patch electrodes, filled mainly with 150 mM KMeSO4 and Hepes. The predominant change produced by 15- to 20-min applications of 2-DG (10 mM, replacing glucose) was hyperpolarization (-5.6 +/- 1.1 mV for 18 intracellular recordings and -7.2 +/- 0.80 mV for 17 whole-cell recordings) accompanied by a fall in resistance (-33 +/- 2.5% for 14 intracellular recordings and -11.6 +/- 7.1% for 15 whole-cell recordings). Virtually identical hyperpolarizations were recorded in the presence of 20 microM glyburide (-5.5 +/- 1.5 mV, n = 6), but they were abolished by adenosine antagonists 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT) and 8-cyclopentyl-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (DPCPX) (2.8 +/- 1.6 and 4.0 +/- 1.7 mV, respectively; n = 5 for both). It was concluded that the hyperpolarization is most likely caused by an increase in K+ conductance, activated by a 2-DG-induced rise in adenosine release. After such applications of 2-DG, a sustained potentiation of EPSPs (similar to the 2-DG-LTP of field EPSPs) was evident in five neurons recorded with intracellular electrodes but not in any of nine whole-cell recordings, where it was replaced by sustained, LTD-like depression. We conclude that a factor essential for 2-DG-LTP induction is lost during whole-cell recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesia Research, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Zhao YT, Tekkök S, Krnjevic K. 2-Deoxy- D-glucose-induced changes in membrane potential, input resistance, and excitatory postsynaptic potentials of CA1 hippocampal neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/y97-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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