101
|
Yan C, Wu D, Gan L, Wang J, Yang W, Xu B. Significant metabolic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer patients by epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949745. [PMID: 36034789 PMCID: PMC9403486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-related deaths are primarily attributable to lung cancer, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Molecular targeting therapy and antitumor immunotherapy have both made great strides in the treatment of NSCLC, but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially from a metabolic perspective. Methods: Herein, we used a nontargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the metabolic response of NSCLC patients to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Multiple analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway analysis, were used for metabolic data analysis. Additionally, differential metabolites were analysed and identified by publically available and integrated databases. Results: After treatment with EGFR-TKIs or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, glutamate/glutamine, phenylalanine, n-acetyl-l-leucine, n-acetyl-d-tryptophan, D-n-valine, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid levels were significantly increased in patients with NSCLC, whereas carnitine, stearyl carnitine, palmitoyl carnitine, linoleic carnitine, and palmitic acid levels were markedly decreased. Compared with newly diagnosed, untreated patients, there were three shared metabolic pathways (phenylalanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism) in the EGFR-TKIs or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated groups, all of which were related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, there were significant differences in lipid metabolism (glycerophospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling) and amino acid metabolism (tryptophan metabolism) between the EGFR-TKI and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor groups. Conclusion: Our results show that EGFR-TKIs and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors induce changes in carnitine, amino acids, fatty acids, and lipids and alter related metabolic pathways in NSCLC patients. Endogenous metabolism changes occur due to drug action and might be indicative of antitumor therapeutic effect. These findings will provide new clues for identifying the antitumor mechanism of these two treatments from the perspective of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Lingling Gan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bei Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Peng X, Zheng T, Guo Y, Zhu Y. Amino acid metabolism genes associated with immunotherapy responses and clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:955705. [PMID: 35992263 PMCID: PMC9388734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.955705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on amino acid metabolism-related genes (AAMRGs), this study aimed at screening out key prognosis-related genes and finding the underlying correlation between the amino acid metabolism and tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer. A total of 448 amino acid metabolism-related genes were obtained from MsigDB. The risk signature was built based on differential expression genes, univariate Cox, and LASSO analyses with 403 patients’ data downloaded from the TCGA database. Survival analysis and independence tests were performed to confirm the validity of the risk signature. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), tumor mutation burden (TMB), the score of tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), the immunophenoscore obtained from The Cancer Immunome Atlas database, and the IC50 of drugs were used to find the relationship among the risk signature, immune status, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer. We identified five amino acid metabolism-related genes for the construction of the risk signature, including ENOPH1, ACAT1, ALDH4A1, FAS, and ASPG. The low-risk group was significantly associated with a better prognosis (p < 0.0001). In the entire set, the area under the curve (AUC) for 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.717, 0.734, and 0.764, respectively. We also discovered that the low-risk subgroup was related to more activity of immune cells, had higher expression of some immune checkpoints, and was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. ssGSEA revealed that except the processes of glutamine histidine, lysine, tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine metabolism, the other amino acid metabolism pathways were more active in the samples with the low risk scores, whereas the activities of synthesis and transportation of most amino acids were similar. Hedgehog signaling, WNT/β-catenin signaling, mitotic, notch signaling, and TGF-β signaling were the top five pathways positively associated with the risk score. To sum up, AAMRGs were associated with the immune microenvironment of CRC patients and could be applied as biomarkers to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Peng
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co, Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Guo
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhu, ; Yong Guo,
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhu, ; Yong Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Panieri E, Pinho SA, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T, Saso L. NRF2 and Mitochondrial Function in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152401. [PMID: 35954245 PMCID: PMC9367715 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRF2–KEAP1 system is a fundamental component of the cellular response that controls a great variety of transcriptional targets that are mainly involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and multiple cytoprotective mechanisms that confer adaptation to the stress conditions. The pleiotropic response orchestrated by NRF2 is particularly relevant in the context of oncogenic activation, wherein this transcription factor acts as a key driver of tumor progression and cancer cells’ resistance to treatment. For this reason, NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer cells, stimulating extensive research aimed at the identification of natural, as well as chemical, NRF2 inhibitors. Excitingly, the influence of NRF2 on cancer cells’ biology extends far beyond its mere antioxidant function and rather encompasses a functional crosstalk with the mitochondrial network that can influence crucial aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitophagy. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the reciprocal interrelation between NRF2 and mitochondria, with a focus on malignant tumors and cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Sónia A. Pinho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Quek LE, van Geldermalsen M, Guan YF, Wahi K, Mayoh C, Balaban S, Pang A, Wang Q, Cowley MJ, Brown KK, Turner N, Hoy AJ, Holst J. Glutamine addiction promotes glucose oxidation in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4066-4078. [PMID: 35851845 PMCID: PMC9391225 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is a conditionally essential nutrient for many cancer cells, but it remains unclear how consuming glutamine in excess of growth requirements confers greater fitness to glutamine-addicted cancers. By contrasting two breast cancer subtypes with distinct glutamine dependencies, we show that glutamine-indispensable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells rely on a non-canonical glutamine-to-glutamate overflow, with glutamine carbon routed once through the TCA cycle. Importantly, this single-pass glutaminolysis increases TCA cycle fluxes and replenishes TCA cycle intermediates in TNBC cells, a process that achieves net oxidation of glucose but not glutamine. The coupling of glucose and glutamine catabolism appears hard-wired via a distinct TNBC gene expression profile biased to strip and then sequester glutamine nitrogen, but hampers the ability of TNBC cells to oxidise glucose when glutamine is limiting. Our results provide a new understanding of how metabolically rigid TNBC cells are sensitive to glutamine deprivation and a way to select vulnerable TNBC subtypes that may be responsive to metabolic-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kanu Wahi
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Seher Balaban
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Angel Pang
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells (GSCs) with Mesenchymal Signature: Lipid Profiles of Mobile Lipids Obtained with MRS before and after Radio/Chemical Treatments. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081051. [PMID: 36008944 PMCID: PMC9405836 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) promote and are responsible for glioblastoma intratumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance, due to their two main features: self-renewal and differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate; lipid metabolism and related unsaturation levels play a possible role as the target of therapeutics to overcome glioblastoma radioresistance. This paper aimed at an in-depth analysis of 13 GSC mesenchymal (MES) lines, two subclones, and a stabilized glioblastoma line (T98G) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Particularly, 2D MRS was used to investigate lipid unsaturation behavior during growth in culture and after treatment with etomoxir and photon beams. MES lines, although belonging to the same genetic and metabolic cluster, showed metabolic heterogeneity when observed by MRS, focusing on lipid signals. Nonetheless, the observed unsaturation level stability for two representative lines after stressful treatments suggests unusual robustness of the unsaturation levels for each line, as a peculiar and intrinsic characteristic of GSCs.
Collapse
|
106
|
Gardner G, Moradi F, Moffatt C, Cliche M, Garlisi B, Gratton J, Mehmood F, Stuart JA. Rapid nutrient depletion to below the physiological range by cancer cells cultured in Plasmax. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C823-C834. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture is a fundamental tool used to study living cells. Presently, the standard protocol for performing cell culture involves the use of commercial media that contain an excess of nutrients. While this reduces the likelihood of cell starvation, it creates non-physiologic culture conditions that have been shown to 're-wire' cellular metabolism. Recently, researchers have developed new media like Plasmax, formulated to approximate the nutrient composition of human blood plasma. Although this represents an improvement in cell culture practice, physiologic media may be vulnerable to nutrient depletion. In this study we directly addressed this concern by measuring the rates of glucose and amino acid depletion from Plasmax in several cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, MCF-7, SH-SY5Y) over 48 hours. In all cell lines, depletion of glucose from Plasmax was rapid such that, by 48h, cells were hypoglycemic (<2mM glucose). Most amino acids were similarly rapidly depleted to sub-physiological levels by 48h. In contrast, glucose and most amino acids remained within the physiological range at 24h. When the experiment was done at physiological oxygen (5%) versus standard (18%) with LNCaP cells, no effect on glucose or amino acid consumption was observed. Using RNA sequencing, we show that this nutrient depletion is associated with enrichment of starvation responses, apoptotic signalling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A shift from glycolytic metabolism to mitochondrial respiration at 5% O2 was also measured using Seahorse analysis. Taken together, these results exemplify the metabolic considerations for Plasmax, highlighting that cell culture in Plasmax requires daily media exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feresteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Moffatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Cliche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bianca Garlisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Gratton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatima Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Falletta P, Goding CR, Vivas-García Y. Connecting Metabolic Rewiring With Phenotype Switching in Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930250. [PMID: 35912100 PMCID: PMC9334657 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and aggressive cancer type that contains different cell subpopulations displaying distinct phenotypes within the same tumor. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cell transformation, is essential for melanoma cells to adopt different phenotypic states necessary for adaptation to changes arising from a dynamic milieu and oncogenic mutations. Increasing evidence demonstrates how melanoma cells can exhibit distinct metabolic profiles depending on their specific phenotype, allowing adaptation to hostile microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia or nutrient depletion. For instance, increased glucose consumption and lipid anabolism are associated with proliferation, while a dependency on exogenous fatty acids and an oxidative state are linked to invasion and metastatic dissemination. How these different metabolic dependencies are integrated with specific cell phenotypes is poorly understood and little is known about metabolic changes underpinning melanoma metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic rewiring engaging transitions to invasion and metastatic progression may be dependent on several factors, such as specific oncogenic programs or lineage-restricted mechanisms controlling cell metabolism, intra-tumor microenvironmental cues and anatomical location of metastasis. In this review we highlight how the main molecular events supporting melanoma metabolic rewiring and phenotype-switching are parallel and interconnected events that dictate tumor progression and metastatic dissemination through interplay with the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Falletta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Falletta, ; Colin R. Goding, ; Yurena Vivas-García, ,
| | - Colin R. Goding
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paola Falletta, ; Colin R. Goding, ; Yurena Vivas-García, ,
| | - Yurena Vivas-García
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paola Falletta, ; Colin R. Goding, ; Yurena Vivas-García, ,
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Beaudry KM, Binet ER, Collao N, De Lisio M. Nutritional Regulation of Muscle Stem Cells in Exercise and Disease: The Role of Protein and Amino Acid Dietary Supplementation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:915390. [PMID: 35874517 PMCID: PMC9301335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.915390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle is a remarkedly plastic tissue that has a high capacity to adapt in response to various stimuli. These adaptations are due in part to the function of muscle-resident stem/progenitor cells. Skeletal muscle regeneration and adaptation is facilitated by the activation and expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). MuSC fate is regulated by signals released from cells in their niche, such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), as well as a variety of non-cellular niche components. Sufficient dietary protein consumption is critical for maximizing skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise and maintaining skeletal muscle in disease; however, the role of dietary protein in altering MuSC and FAP responses to exercise in healthy populations and skeletal muscle disease states requires more research. The present review provides an overview of this emerging field and suggestions for future directions. The current literature suggests that in response to resistance exercise, protein supplementation has been shown to increase MuSC content and the MuSC response to acute exercise. Similarly, protein supplementation augments the increase in MuSC content following resistance training. Endurance exercise, conversely, is an area of research that is sparse with respect to the interaction of protein supplementation and exercise on muscle stem/progenitor cell fate. Initial evidence suggests that protein supplementation augments the early myogenic response to acute endurance exercise but does not enhance the MuSC response to endurance training. Resistance training increases the number of proliferating FAPs with no additional effect of protein supplementation. Future research should continue to focus on the nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cell fate paired with studies examining the effects of exercise on a variety of human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolás Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Michael De Lisio,
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Li ZM, Fan ZL, Wang XY, Wang TY. Factors Affecting the Expression of Recombinant Protein and Improvement Strategies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880155. [PMID: 35860329 PMCID: PMC9289362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs) are important parts of biopharmaceuticals. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have become the main cell hosts for the production of most RTPs approved for marketing because of their high-density suspension growth characteristics, and similar human post-translational modification patterns et al. In recent years, many studies have been performed on CHO cell expression systems, and the yields and quality of recombinant protein expression have been greatly improved. However, the expression levels of some proteins are still low or even difficult-to express in CHO cells. It is urgent further to increase the yields and to express successfully the “difficult-to express” protein in CHO cells. The process of recombinant protein expression of is a complex, involving multiple steps such as transcription, translation, folding processing and secretion. In addition, the inherent characteristics of molecular will also affect the production of protein. Here, we reviewed the factors affecting the expression of recombinant protein and improvement strategies in CHO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Fan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Yun Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells: Emerging Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061303. [PMID: 35745875 PMCID: PMC9227908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant changes in cancer cell bioenergetics are widely known as metabolic reprogramming. Reprogramming is a process mediated by multiple factors, including oncogenes, growth factors, hypoxia-induced factors, and the loss of suppressor gene function, which support malignant transformation and tumor development in addition to cell heterogeneity. Consequently, this hallmark promotes resistance to conventional anti-tumor therapies by adapting to the drastic changes in the nutrient microenvironment that these therapies entail. Therefore, it represents a revolutionary landscape during cancer progression that could be useful for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies targeting alterations in cancer cell metabolism, such as the deregulated mTOR and PI3K pathways. Understanding the complex interactions of the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming during cancer initiation and progression is an active study field. Recently, novel approaches are being used to effectively battle and eliminate malignant cells. These include biguanides, mTOR inhibitors, glutaminase inhibition, and ion channels as drug targets. This review aims to provide a general overview of metabolic reprogramming, summarise recent progress in this field, and emphasize its use as an effective therapeutic target against cancer.
Collapse
|
111
|
Li Z, Ji BW, Dixit PD, Tchourine K, Lien EC, Hosios AM, Abbott KL, Rutter JC, Westermark AM, Gorodetsky EF, Sullivan LB, Vander Heiden MG, Vitkup D. Cancer cells depend on environmental lipids for proliferation when electron acceptors are limited. Nat Metab 2022; 4:711-723. [PMID: 35739397 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Production of oxidized biomass, which requires regeneration of the cofactor NAD+, can be a proliferation bottleneck that is influenced by environmental conditions. However, a comprehensive quantitative understanding of metabolic processes that may be affected by NAD+ deficiency is currently missing. Here, we show that de novo lipid biosynthesis can impose a substantial NAD+ consumption cost in proliferating cancer cells. When electron acceptors are limited, environmental lipids become crucial for proliferation because NAD+ is required to generate precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis. We find that both oxidative and even net reductive pathways for lipogenic citrate synthesis are gated by reactions that depend on NAD+ availability. We also show that access to acetate can relieve lipid auxotrophy by bypassing the NAD+ consuming reactions. Gene expression analysis demonstrates that lipid biosynthesis strongly anti-correlates with expression of hypoxia markers across tumor types. Overall, our results define a requirement for oxidative metabolism to support biosynthetic reactions and provide a mechanistic explanation for cancer cell dependence on lipid uptake in electron acceptor-limited conditions, such as hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian W Ji
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Physician-Scientist Training Pathway, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Purushottam D Dixit
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology (HST) and Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Westermark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Gorodetsky
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Schwestermann J, Besse A, Driessen C, Besse L. Contribution of the Tumor Microenvironment to Metabolic Changes Triggering Resistance of Multiple Myeloma to Proteasome Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899272. [PMID: 35692781 PMCID: PMC9178120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma become unresponsive to treatment with proteasome inhibitors over time. Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is accompanied by the clonal evolution of myeloma cells with heterogeneous genomic aberrations, diverse proteomic and metabolic alterations, and profound changes of the bone marrow microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive resistance to proteasome inhibitors within the context of the bone marrow microenvironment remain elusive. In this review article, we summarize the latest knowledge about the complex interaction of malignant plasma cells with its surrounding microenvironment. We discuss the pivotal role of metabolic reprograming of malignant plasma cells within the tumor microenvironment with a subsequent focus on metabolic rewiring in plasma cells upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors, driving multiple ways of adaptation to the treatment. At the same time, mutual interaction of plasma cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment drives multiple metabolic alterations in the bone marrow. This provides a tumor-promoting environment, but at the same time may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lenka Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Clinics for Medical Hematology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Kiesel VA, Sheeley MP, Donkin SS, Wendt MK, Hursting SD, Teegarden D. Increased Ammonium Toxicity in Response to Exogenous Glutamine in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:469. [PMID: 35629973 PMCID: PMC9145280 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cancers, including breast cancers, show dependence on glutamine metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanistic basis and impact of differential glutamine metabolism in nonmetastatic and metastatic murine mammary cancer cells. Universally labeled 13C5-glutamine metabolic tracing, qRT-PCR, measures of reductive-oxidative balance, and exogenous ammonium chloride treatment were used to assess glutamine reprogramming. Results show that 4 mM media concentration of glutamine, compared with 2 mM, reduced viability only in metastatic cells, and that this decrease in viability was accompanied by increased incorporation of glutamine-derived carbon into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. While increased glutamine metabolism in metastatic cells occurred in tandem with a decrease in the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, treatment with the antioxidant molecule N-acetylcysteine did not rescue cell viability. However, the viability of metastatic cells was more sensitive to ammonium chloride treatment compared with nonmetastatic cells, suggesting a role of metabolic reprogramming in averting nitrogen cytotoxicity in nonmetastatic cells. Overall, these results demonstrate the ability of nonmetastatic cancer cells to reprogram glutamine metabolism and that this ability may be lost in metastatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violet A. Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (V.A.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Madeline P. Sheeley
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (V.A.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Shawn S. Donkin
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Michael K. Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- The Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (V.A.K.); (M.P.S.)
- The Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Hamdan DI, Salah S, Hassan WHB, Morsi M, Khalil HMA, Ahmed-Farid OAH, El-Shiekh RA, Nael MA, Elissawy AM. Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Morus macroura Miq. Plant Organs with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Profiling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16013-16027. [PMID: 35571826 PMCID: PMC9096986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Column chromatography afforded the isolation of seven secondary metabolites (1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy phenyl)-ethanone-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, rutin) from the ethyl acetate (ET) fractions of Morus macroura Miq. stems (S), leaves (L), and fruits (F). Their identification based on ultraviolet (UV), electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR data. In addition, profiling of ET fractions using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) resulted in the identification of 82 compounds belonging to different classes, mainly polyphenolic constituents. Chemical profiling as well as molecular docking directed us to biological evaluation. Interestingly, the ET-L fraction exhibited a robust cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HELA cell lines. Also, it displayed a neuromodulatory activity against cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats by ameliorating the neurobehavioral dysfunction visualized in the open field and Y-maze test and modulating the neurochemical parameters such as brain amino acid levels (glutamate, aspartate, serine, and histidine), oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and purinergic cell energy (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). In conclusion, the isolated compounds (kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside) from the ET-L fraction could serve as potent anticancer agents due to their strong antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo neuroprotective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ibrahim Hamdan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Menoufia
University, Shibin
Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Morsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Muhammed Ali Khalil
- Department
of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Riham Adel El-Shiekh
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr el Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Manal AbdElaziz Nael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elissawy
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Pillai S, Mahmud I, Mahar R, Griffith C, Langsen M, Nguyen J, Wojtkowiak JW, Swietach P, Gatenby RA, Bui MM, Merritt ME, McDonald P, Garrett TJ, Gillies RJ. Lipogenesis mediated by OGR1 regulates metabolic adaptation to acid stress in cancer cells via autophagy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110796. [PMID: 35545051 PMCID: PMC9137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit altered metabolism resulting in a highly acidic extracellular microenvironment. Here, we show that cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, indicative of a lipogenic phenotype, is a cellular adaption to extracellular acidity. LD marker PLIN2 is strongly associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Acid-induced LD accumulation is triggered by activation of the acid-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OGR1, which is expressed highly in breast tumors. OGR1 depletion inhibits acid-induced lipid accumulation, while activation by a synthetic agonist triggers LD formation. Inhibition of OGR1 downstream signaling abrogates the lipogenic phenotype, which can be rescued with OGR1 ectopic expression. OGR1-depleted cells show growth inhibition under acidic growth conditions in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Isotope tracing shows that the source of lipid precursors is primarily autophagy-derived ketogenic amino acids. OGR1-depleted cells are defective in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy and hence fail to accumulate LDs affecting survival under acidic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Pillai
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Crystal Griffith
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Langsen
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Li MY, Mi L, Meerovich G, Soe TW, Chen T, Than NN, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. The biological activities of 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins for photodynamic therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2335-2346. [PMID: 35522290 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal tumor and is difficult to be eradicated with conventional treatment. Porphyrin-based photosensitizers (PSs) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) could kill tumor cells with less damage to normal cells. As the most widely used porphyrin-based photosensitizer in clinics, Photofrin II has excellent anti-tumor effect. However, it has some disadvantages such as weak absorption at near infrared region, the complexity of components and prolonged skin photosensitivity. Here series novel 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrin derivatives were afforded and evaluated to develop more effective and safer photosensitizers for tumor therapy. METHODS The photophysical properties and singlet oxygen generation rates of 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins (I1-6, II1-4) were tested. The cytotoxicity of I1-6 and II1-4 were measured by MTT assay. The pathway of cell death was studied by flow cytometry. In vivo photodynamic efficacy of I3 and II2-4 in Eca-109 tumor-bearing BABL/c nude mice were measured and histopathological analysis were examined. RESULTS 5,15-Diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins I1-6 and II1-4 were synthesized. The longest absorption wavelength of these halogenated porphyrins (λmax = 660 nm) displayed a red shift around 30 nm compared to the unhalogenated porphyrins PS1 (λmax = 630 nm). The singlet oxygen generation rates of I1-6 and II1-4 were significantly higher than PS1 and HMME. All PSs mediated PDT showed obvious cytotoxic effect against Eca-109 cells compared to HMME in vitro and in vivo. Among these PSs, II4 exhibited appropriate absorption in the phototherapeutic window, higher 1O2 generation rate (k = 0.0061 s-1), the strongest phototoxicity (IC50 = 0.4 μM), lower dark toxicity, high generation of intracellular ROS in Eca-109 cells and excellent photodynamic anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Besides, cell necrosis was induced by compound II4 mediated PDT. CONCLUSION All new compounds have obvious photodynamic anti-esophageal cancer effects. Among them, the photosensitizer II4 showed excellent efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which has the potential to become a photodynamic anti-tumor drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Le Mi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Gennady Meerovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Thin Wut Soe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ni Ni Than
- Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar
| | - Yi Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Zhi Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Pompura SL, Hafler DA, Dominguez-Villar M. Fatty Acid Metabolism and T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869197. [PMID: 35603182 PMCID: PMC9116144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic remodeling is intrinsically linked to the development, activation, differentiation, function, and survival of T cells. T cells transition from a catabolic, naïve state to an anabolic effector state upon T cell activation. Subsequently, specialization of T cells into T helper (Th) subsets, including regulatory T cells (Treg), requires fine-tuning of metabolic programs that better support and optimize T cell functions for that particular environment. Increasingly, studies have shown that changes in nutrient availability at both the cellular and organismal level during disease states can alter T cell function, highlighting the importance of better characterizing metabolic-immune axes in both physiological and disease settings. In support of these data, a growing body of evidence is emerging that shows specific lipid species are capable of altering the inflammatory functional phenotypes of T cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic programs shown to support naïve and effector T cells, and those driving Th subsets. We then discuss changes to lipid profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis, and focus on how the presence of specific lipid species can alter cellular metabolism and function of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saige L. Pompura
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Marczyk M, Gunasekharan V, Casadevall D, Qing T, Foldi J, Sehgal R, Shan NL, Blenman KRM, O'Meara TA, Umlauf S, Surovtseva YV, Muthusamy V, Rinehart J, Perry RJ, Kibbey R, Hatzis C, Pusztai L. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Isozyme Targets in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1698-1711. [PMID: 35247885 PMCID: PMC10883296 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignant transformation, and loss of isozyme diversity (LID) contributes to this process. Isozymes are distinct proteins that catalyze the same enzymatic reaction but can have different kinetic characteristics, subcellular localization, and tissue specificity. Cancer-dominant isozymes that catalyze rate-limiting reactions in critical metabolic processes represent potential therapeutic targets. Here, we examined the isozyme expression patterns of 1,319 enzymatic reactions in 14 cancer types and their matching normal tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas mRNA expression data to identify isozymes that become cancer-dominant. Of the reactions analyzed, 357 demonstrated LID in at least one cancer type. Assessment of the expression patterns in over 600 cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia showed that these reactions reflect cellular changes instead of differences in tissue composition; 50% of the LID-affected isozymes showed cancer-dominant expression in the corresponding cell lines. The functional importance of the cancer-dominant isozymes was assessed in genome-wide CRISPR and RNAi loss-of-function screens: 17% were critical for cell proliferation, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets. Lists of prioritized novel metabolic targets were developed for 14 cancer types; the most broadly shared and functionally validated target was acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Small molecule inhibition of ACC reduced breast cancer viability in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in cell line- and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Evaluation of the effects of drug treatment revealed significant metabolic and transcriptional perturbations. Overall, this systematic analysis of isozyme expression patterns elucidates an important aspect of cancer metabolic plasticity and reveals putative metabolic vulnerabilities. SIGNIFICANCE This study exploits the loss of metabolic isozyme diversity common in cancer and reveals a rich pool of potential therapeutic targets that will allow the repurposing of existing inhibitors for anticancer therapy. See related commentary by Kehinde and Parker, p. 1695.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Marczyk
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - David Casadevall
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tao Qing
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julia Foldi
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Raghav Sehgal
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naing Lin Shan
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kim R M Blenman
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tess A O'Meara
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheila Umlauf
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yulia V Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Viswanathan Muthusamy
- Center for Precision Cancer Modeling, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jesse Rinehart
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard Kibbey
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christos Hatzis
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Isomeric lipid signatures reveal compartmentalized fatty acid metabolism in cancer. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100223. [PMID: 35537528 PMCID: PMC9184569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular energy and biomass demands of cancer drive a complex dynamic between uptake of extracellular FAs and their de novo synthesis. Given that oxidation of de novo synthesized FAs for energy would result in net-energy loss, there is an implication that FAs from these two sources must have distinct metabolic fates; however, hitherto, all FAs have been considered part of a common pool. To probe potential metabolic partitioning of cellular FAs, cancer cells were supplemented with stable isotope-labeled FAs. Structural analysis of the resulting glycerophospholipids revealed that labeled FAs from uptake were largely incorporated to canonical (sn-) positions on the glycerol backbone. Surprisingly, labeled FA uptake also disrupted canonical isomer patterns of the unlabeled lipidome and induced repartitioning of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs into glycerophospholipid classes. These structural changes support the existence of differences in the metabolic fates of FAs derived from uptake or de novo sources and demonstrate unique signaling and remodeling behaviors usually hidden from conventional lipidomics.
Collapse
|
120
|
Liu K, Li J, Long T, Wang Y, Yin T, Long J, Shen Y, Cheng L. Changes in serum amino acid levels in non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13272. [PMID: 35469201 PMCID: PMC9034703 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the alteration of amino acid (AA) profile in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little data regarding AA profile in NSCLC in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA profile in Chinese NSCLC patients, explore its utility in sample classification and further discuss its related metabolic pathways. Methods The concentrations of 22 AAs in serum samples from 200 patients with NSCLC and 202 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AA levels in different tumor stages and histological types were also discussed. The performance of AA panel in classifying the cases and controls was evaluated in the training data set and validation data set based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the important metabolic pathways were identified. Results The concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), cystein (Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), ornithine (Orn) and citrulline (Cit) were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls (all P-FDR < 0.05). Among these, four AAs including Asp, Cys, Glu and Orn were substantially up-regulated in NSCLC patients (FC ≥ 1.2). AA levels were significantly altered in patients with late-stage NSCLC, but not in those with early-stage when comparing with healthy controls. In terms of histological type, these AAs were altered in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For discrimination of NSCLC from controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI [0.74-0.85]) in the training data set and 0.79 (95%CI [0.71-0.87]) in the validation data set. The AUCs for early-stage and late-stage NSCLC were 0.75 (95% CI [0.68-0.81]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.82-0.91]), respectively. Moreover, the model showed a better performance in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85-0.95]) than adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.71-0.82]) from controls. Three important metabolic pathways were involved in the alteration of AA profile, including Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism; and Arg biosynthesis. Conclusions The levels of several AAs in serum were altered in Chinese NSCLC patients. These altered AAs may be utilized to classify the cases from the controls. Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism and Arg biosynthesis pathways may play roles in metabolism of the NSCLC patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Effects of Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Glutamine Metabolism on Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Implications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040580. [PMID: 35454171 PMCID: PMC9028125 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasingly more in depth understanding of tumor metabolism in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and prognosis has been achieved. The broad heterogeneity in tumor tissue is the critical factor affecting the outcome of tumor treatment. Metabolic heterogeneity is not only found in tumor cells but also in their surrounding immune and stromal cells; for example, many suppressor cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated T-lymphocytes. Abnormalities in metabolism often lead to short survival or resistance to antitumor therapy, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Using the metabolic characteristics of the tumor microenvironment to identify and treat cancer has become a great research hotspot. This review systematically addresses the impacts of metabolism on tumor cells and effector cells and represents recent research advances of metabolic effects on other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we introduce some applications of metabolic features in clinical oncology.
Collapse
|
122
|
Carbon sources and pathways for citrate secreted by human prostate cancer cells determined by NMR tracing and metabolic modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2024357119. [PMID: 35353621 PMCID: PMC9168453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024357119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human prostate accumulates high luminal citrate levels to serve sperm viability. There is only indirect qualitative evidence about metabolic pathways and carbon sources maintaining these levels. Human citrate-secreting prostate cancer cells were supplied with 13C-labeled substrates, and NMR spectra of extracellular fluid were recorded. We report absolute citrate production rates of prostate cells and direct evidence that glucose is the main carbon source for secreted citrate. Pyruvate carboxylase provides sufficient anaplerotic carbons to support citrate secretion. Glutamine carbons exchange with carbons for secreted citrate but are likely not involved in its net synthesis. Moreover, we developed metabolic models employing the 13C distribution in extracellular citrate as input to assess intracellular pathways followed by carbons toward citrate. Prostate epithelial cells have the unique capacity to secrete large amounts of citrate, but the carbon sources and metabolic pathways that maintain this production are not well known. We mapped potential pathways for citrate carbons in the human prostate cancer metastasis cell lines LNCaP and VCaP, for which we first established that they secrete citrate (For LNCaP 5.6 ± 0.9 nmol/h per 106 cells). Using 13C-labeled substrates, we traced the incorporation of 13C into citrate by NMR of extracellular fluid. Our results provide direct evidence that glucose is a main carbon source for secreted citrate. We also demonstrate that carbons from supplied glutamine flow via oxidative Krebs cycle and reductive carboxylation routes to positions in secreted citrate but likely do not contribute to its net synthesis. The potential anaplerotic carbon sources aspartate and asparagine did not contribute to citrate carbons. We developed a quantitative metabolic model employing the 13C distribution in extracellular citrate after 13C glucose and pyruvate application to assess intracellular pathways of carbons for secreted citrate. From this model, it was estimated that in LNCaP about 21% of pyruvate entering the Krebs cycle is converted via pyruvate carboxylase as an anaplerotic route at a rate more than sufficient to compensate carbon loss of this cycle by citrate secretion. This model provides an estimation of the fraction of molecules, including citrate, leaving the Krebs cycle at every turn. The measured ratios of 13C atoms at different positions in extracellular citrate may serve as biomarkers for (malignant) epithelial cell metabolism.
Collapse
|
123
|
Selection of lncRNAs That Influence the Prognosis of Osteosarcoma Based on Copy Number Variation Data. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8024979. [PMID: 35378771 PMCID: PMC8976607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8024979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy in the musculoskeletal system. It is reported that copy number variation- (CNV-) derived lncRNAs contribute to the progression of osteosarcoma. However, whether CNV-derived lncRNAs affect the prognosis of osteosarcoma remains unclear. Here, we obtained osteosarcoma-related CNV data and gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. CNV landscape analysis indicated that copy number amplification of lncRNAs was more frequent than deletion in osteosarcoma samples. Thirty-four CNV-lncRNAs with DNA-CNV frequencies greater than 30% and their corresponding 294 mRNAs were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these mRNAs were mainly enriched in olfaction, olfactory receptor activity, and olfactory transduction processes. Furthermore, we predicted that a total of 23 genes were cis-regulated by 16 CNV-lncRNAs, while 30 transcription factors (TFs) were trans-regulated by 5 CNV-lncRNAs. Through
-tests, univariate Cox regression analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), we constructed a CNV-related risk model including 3 lncRNAs (AC129492.1, PSMB1, and AC037459.4). The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves indicated that patients with high-risk scores showed poor prognoses. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) for predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS) were greater than 0.7, showing a satisfactory predictive efficiency. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the prognostic signature was intimately linked to skeletal system development, immune regulation, and inflammatory response. Collectively, our study developed a novel 3-CNV-lncRNA prognostic signature that would provide theoretical guidance for the clinical prognostic management of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
124
|
Marchingo JM, Cantrell DA. Protein synthesis, degradation, and energy metabolism in T cell immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:303-315. [PMID: 34983947 PMCID: PMC8891282 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector and memory states involve massive remodeling of T cell size and molecular content and create a massive increase in demand for energy and amino acids. Protein synthesis is an energy- and resource-demanding process; as such, changes in T cell energy production are intrinsically linked to proteome remodeling. In this review, we discuss how protein synthesis and degradation change over the course of a T cell immune response and the crosstalk between these processes and T cell energy metabolism. We highlight how the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze T cell proteomes can improve our understanding of how these processes are regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Marchingo
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101478. [PMID: 35367410 PMCID: PMC9014392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
126
|
Johnson BE, Creason AL, Stommel JM, Keck JM, Parmar S, Betts CB, Blucher A, Boniface C, Bucher E, Burlingame E, Camp T, Chin K, Eng J, Estabrook J, Feiler HS, Heskett MB, Hu Z, Kolodzie A, Kong BL, Labrie M, Lee J, Leyshock P, Mitri S, Patterson J, Riesterer JL, Sivagnanam S, Somers J, Sudar D, Thibault G, Weeder BR, Zheng C, Nan X, Thompson RF, Heiser LM, Spellman PT, Thomas G, Demir E, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Guimaraes AR, Corless C, Goecks J, Bergan R, Mitri Z, Mills GB, Gray JW. An omic and multidimensional spatial atlas from serial biopsies of an evolving metastatic breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100525. [PMID: 35243422 PMCID: PMC8861971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and vulnerability evolve in metastatic cancers as tumor cells and extrinsic microenvironmental influences change during treatment. To support the development of methods for identifying these mechanisms in individual people, here we present an omic and multidimensional spatial (OMS) atlas generated from four serial biopsies of an individual with metastatic breast cancer during 3.5 years of therapy. This resource links detailed, longitudinal clinical metadata that includes treatment times and doses, anatomic imaging, and blood-based response measurements to clinical and exploratory analyses, which includes comprehensive DNA, RNA, and protein profiles; images of multiplexed immunostaining; and 2- and 3-dimensional scanning electron micrographs. These data report aspects of heterogeneity and evolution of the cancer genome, signaling pathways, immune microenvironment, cellular composition and organization, and ultrastructure. We present illustrative examples of how integrative analyses of these data reveal potential mechanisms of response and resistance and suggest novel therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett E. Johnson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Allison L. Creason
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie M. Keck
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Swapnil Parmar
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Boniface
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Burlingame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Todd Camp
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph Estabrook
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heidi S. Feiler
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael B. Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhi Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annette Kolodzie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ben L. Kong
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jinho Lee
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Leyshock
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Souraya Mitri
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Janice Patterson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Multiscale Microscopy Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina Zheng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zahi Mitri
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Fernandez MR, Schaub FX, Yang C, Li W, Yun S, Schaub SK, Dorsey FC, Liu M, Steeves MA, Ballabio A, Tzankov A, Chen Z, Koomen JM, Berglund AE, Cleveland JL. Disrupting the MYC-TFEB Circuit Impairs Amino Acid Homeostasis and Provokes Metabolic Anergy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1234-1250. [PMID: 35149590 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MYC family oncoproteins are regulators of metabolic reprogramming that sustains cancer cell anabolism. Normal cells adapt to nutrient-limiting conditions by activating autophagy, which is required for amino acid (AA) homeostasis. Here we report that the autophagy pathway is suppressed by Myc in normal B cells, in premalignant and neoplastic B cells of Eμ-Myc transgenic mice, and in human MYC-driven Burkitt lymphoma. Myc suppresses autophagy by antagonizing the expression and function of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy. Mechanisms that sustained AA pools in MYC-expressing B cells include coordinated induction of the proteasome and increases in AA transport. Reactivation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by TFEB disabled the malignant state by disrupting mitochondrial functions, proteasome activity, amino acid transport, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, leading to metabolic anergy, growth arrest and apoptosis. This phenotype provides therapeutic opportunities to disable MYC-driven malignancies, including AA restriction and treatment with proteasome inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Fernandez
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | - Franz X Schaub
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | - Chunying Yang
- Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Min Liu
- Proteomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Ni J, Chen Y, Li N, Sun D, Ju H, Chen Z. Combination of GC-MS based metabolomics analysis with mouse xenograft models reveals a panel of dysregulated circulating metabolites and potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:1813-1825. [PMID: 35116504 PMCID: PMC8797830 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor with subtle, often undetectable early symptoms, which means that upon diagnosis, patients often present in the middle or late stages of disease. Therefore, the need for an effective biomarker for the early diagnosis and development of novel therapeutic targets is urgent to prolong patient survival time and reduce mortality. METHODS Twenty mice were randomly divided into patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model (transplantation of fresh CRC tumor samples) and control groups (10 mice in each group). All the animals were euthanized using isoflurane at the end of the experiment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic profiling was performed to investigate the differential metabolites in the serum, and publicly available gene expression data (GSE106582) were analyzed to determine dysregulated metabolic pathways. Joint pathway analysis was used to identify potential metabolic targets. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to confirm the presence of the identified targets at the protein level. RESULTS A total of 96 differential circulating metabolites were identified, which were predominantly involved in amino acid metabolism. In particular, the serum levels of amino acids such as phenylalanine and aspartic acid were significantly downregulated in the PDX group, suggesting an increased consumption of amino acids in CRC. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of the amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC1A5, were found to be upregulated in CRC. CONCLUSIONS By combining GC-MS-based metabolomics profiling with a PDX model of CRC our study successfully identified potential diagnostic circulating metabolites. Dysregulated amino acid metabolism was found to be a significant feature of CRC. The amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC1A5, were identified as potential metabolic therapeutic targets. This study furthers the understanding of the metabolic processes involved in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ni
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Research Centre, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Research Centre, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diandian Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Research Centre, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixing Ju
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Research Centre, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Research Centre, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Low Energy Status under Methionine Restriction Is Essentially Independent of Proliferation or Cell Contact Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030551. [PMID: 35159360 PMCID: PMC8833905 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlimited proliferation is one of the most striking features of neoplastic cells. The basis of cell division is the sufficient presence of mass (amino acids) and energy (ATP and NADH). A sophisticated intracellular network permanently measures the mass and energy levels. Thus, in vivo restrictions in the form of amino acid, protein, or caloric restrictions strongly affect absolute lifespan and age-associated diseases such as cancer. The induction of permanent low energy metabolism (LEM) is essential in this process. The murine cell line L929 responds to methionine restriction (MetR) for a short time period with LEM at the metabolic level defined by a characteristic fingerprint consisting of the molecules acetoacetate, creatine, spermidine, GSSG, UDP-glucose, pantothenate, and ATP. Here, we used mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to investigate the influence of proliferation and contact inhibition on the energy status of cells. Interestingly, the energy status was essentially independent of proliferation or contact inhibition. LC/MS analyses showed that in full medium, the cells maintain active and energetic metabolism for optional proliferation. In contrast, MetR induced LEM independently of proliferation or contact inhibition. These results are important for cell behaviour under MetR and for the optional application of restrictions in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
130
|
Sharma S, Agnihotri N, Kumar S. Targeting fuel pocket of cancer cell metabolism: A focus on glutaminolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
131
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix production during bone development and homeostasis. Much is known about the transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways governing osteoblast differentiation. However, less is known about how osteoblasts obtain or utilize nutrients to fulfill the energetic demands associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. The goal of this review is to highlight and discuss what is known about the role and regulation of bioenergetic metabolism in osteoblasts with a focus on more recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Bioenergetic metabolism has emerged as an important regulatory node in osteoblasts. Recent studies have begun to identify the major nutrients and bioenergetic pathways favored by osteoblasts as well as their regulation during differentiation. Here, we highlight how osteoblasts obtain and metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to provide energy and other metabolic intermediates. In addition, we highlight the signals that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism and focus on how energetic metabolism promotes osteoblast differentiation. Bioenergetic metabolism provides energy and other metabolites that are critical for osteoblast differentiation and activity. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of osteoblast biology and may inform novel strategies to modulate osteoblast differentiation and bone anabolism in patients with bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Yu Z, Yang Z, Ren G, Wang Y, Luo X, Zhu F, Yu S, Jia L, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. GATOR2 complex-mediated amino acid signaling regulates brain myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110917119. [PMID: 35022234 PMCID: PMC8784133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110917119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways coordinately regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase in cell growth and organ development. While major components of amino acid signaling mechanisms have been identified, their biological functions in organ development are unclear. We aimed to understand the functions of the critically positioned amino acid signaling complex GAP activity towards Rags 2 (GATOR2) in brain development. GATOR2 mediates amino acid signaling to mTORC1 by directly linking the amino acid sensors for arginine and leucine to downstream signaling complexes. Now, we report a role of GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte myelination in postnatal brain development. We show that the disruption of GATOR2 complex by genetic deletion of meiosis regulator for oocyte development (Mios, encoding a component of GATOR2) selectively impairs the formation of myelinating oligodendrocytes, thus brain myelination, without apparent effects on the formation of neurons and astrocytes. The loss of Mios impairs cell cycle progression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, leading to their reduced proliferation and differentiation. Mios deletion manifests a cell type-dependent effect on mTORC1 in the brain, with oligodendroglial mTORC1 selectively affected. However, the role of Mios/GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte formation and myelination involves mTORC1-independent function. This study suggests that GATOR2 coordinates amino acid and growth factor signaling to regulate oligodendrocyte myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bo Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
Collapse
|
134
|
Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Gómez-Vecino A, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Holgado-Madruga M, Mao JH, Cañueto J, Castillo-Lluva S, Pérez-Losada J. Pathophysiological Integration of Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020322. [PMID: 35053485 PMCID: PMC8773662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors exhibit metabolic changes that differentiate them from the normal tissues from which they derive. These metabolic changes favor tumor growth, are primarily induced by cancer cells, and produce metabolic and functional changes in the surrounding stromal cells. There is a close functional connection between the metabolic changes in tumor cells and those that appear in the surrounding stroma. A better understanding of intratumoral metabolic interactions may help identify new vulnerabilities that will facilitate new, more individualized treatment strategies against cancer. We review the metabolic changes described in tumor and stromal cells and their functional changes and then consider, in depth, the metabolic interactions between the cells of the two compartments. Although these changes are generic, we illustrate them mainly with reference to examples in breast cancer. Abstract Metabolic changes that facilitate tumor growth are one of the hallmarks of cancer. The triggers of these metabolic changes are located in the tumor parenchymal cells, where oncogenic mutations induce an imperative need to proliferate and cause tumor initiation and progression. Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic reorganization during disease progression that is tailored to their energy demands and fluctuating environmental conditions. Oxidative stress plays an essential role as a trigger under such conditions. These metabolic changes are the consequence of the interaction between tumor cells and stromal myofibroblasts. The metabolic changes in tumor cells include protein anabolism and the synthesis of cell membranes and nucleic acids, which all facilitate cell proliferation. They are linked to catabolism and autophagy in stromal myofibroblasts, causing the release of nutrients for the cells of the tumor parenchyma. Metabolic changes lead to an interstitium deficient in nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, and acidification by lactic acid. Together with hypoxia, they produce functional changes in other cells of the tumor stroma, such as many immune subpopulations and endothelial cells, which lead to tumor growth. Thus, immune cells favor tissue growth through changes in immunosuppression. This review considers some of the metabolic changes described in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Aurora Gómez-Vecino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Lee D, Kim HS, Kim HU, Song HJ, Lee C, Kim DY, Chun HM, Jang WY, Jang B. Expression profile of CD98 heavy chain and L-type amino acid transporter 1 and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 229:153730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
136
|
Wackerhage H, Vechetti IJ, Baumert P, Gehlert S, Becker L, Jaspers RT, de Angelis MH. Does a Hypertrophying Muscle Fibre Reprogramme its Metabolism Similar to a Cancer Cell? Sports Med 2022; 52:2569-2578. [PMID: 35460513 PMCID: PMC9584876 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In 1924, Otto Warburg asked "How does the metabolism of a growing tissue differ from that of a non-growing tissue?" Currently, we know that proliferating healthy and cancer cells reprogramme their metabolism. This typically includes increased glucose uptake, glycolytic flux and lactate synthesis. A key function of this reprogramming is to channel glycolytic intermediates and other metabolites into anabolic reactions such as nucleotide-RNA/DNA synthesis, amino acid-protein synthesis and the synthesis of, for example, acetyl and methyl groups for epigenetic modification. In this review, we discuss evidence that a hypertrophying muscle similarly takes up more glucose and reprogrammes its metabolism to channel energy metabolites into anabolic pathways. We specifically discuss the functions of the cancer-associated enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase muscle 2 in skeletal muscle. In addition, we ask whether increased glucose uptake by a hypertrophying muscle explains why muscularity is often negatively associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wackerhage
- Exercise Biology Group, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Department of Biosciences of Sports, Institute for Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany ,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany ,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Tan Y, Zhou X, Gong Y, Gou K, Luo Y, Jia D, Dai L, Zhao Y, Sun Q. Biophysical and biochemical properties of PHGDH revealed by studies on PHGDH inhibitors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:27. [PMID: 34971423 PMCID: PMC11073335 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rate-limiting serine biogenesis enzyme PHGDH is overexpressed in cancers. Both serine withdrawal and genetic/pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH have demonstrated promising tumor-suppressing activities. However, the enzyme properties of PHGDH are not well understood and the discovery of PHGDH inhibitors is still in its infancy. Here, oridonin was identified from a natural product library as a new PHGDH inhibitor. The crystal structure of PHGDH in complex with oridonin revealed a new allosteric site. The binding of oridonin to this site reduced the activity of the enzyme by relocating R54, a residue involved in substrate binding. Mutagenesis studies showed that PHGDH activity was very sensitive to cysteine mutations, especially those in the substrate binding domain. Conjugation of oridonin and other reported covalent PHGDH inhibitors to these sites will therefore inhibit PHGDH. In addition to being inhibited enzymatically, PHGDH can also be inhibited by protein aggregation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Several tested PHGDH cancer mutants showed altered enzymatic activity, which can be explained by protein structure and stability. Overall, the above studies present new biophysical and biochemical insights into PHGDH and may facilitate the future design of PHGDH inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zhang D, Zhao L, Luo M, Lei J, Shao S. Yap-Myc signaling induces pancreatic stellate cell activation through regulating glutaminolysis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:113000. [PMID: 34958764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of activated myofibroblastic pancreatic stellate cells (MF-PSCs) induces pancreatic cancer desmoplasia. These MF-PSCs are derived from quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (Q-PSCs). MF-PSCs in pancreatic cancer tend to glycolysis. However, increased glycolysis alone could not be sufficient for the increased metabolic demands of MF-PSCs. Yap and Myc signaling activation is involved in pancreatic cancer metabolism. Since elucidating the metabolic processes of MF-PSCs may be a promising strategy to suppress pancreatic cancer desmoplasia, we explored whether glutaminolysis meets the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of Q-PSCs converted into MF-PSCs and whether this is mediated by Yap signaling to Myc. In this study, we found that during the transdifferentiation of Q-PSCs into MF-PSCs, glutaminolysis regulatory genes were upregulated, and suppression of glutaminolysis inhibited transdifferentiation. Disrupting glutaminolysis in MF-PSCs inhibited cell growth, mitochondrial respiration, and fibrogenesis, while treatment of MF-PSCs with DKG (a glutaminolysis metabolite) reversed these activities. The expression of glutaminase (GLS1), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutaminolysis, was upregulated by Yap overexpression. Yap upregulates Myc to regulate the expression of GLS1 in MF-PSCs. Yap and Myc inhibitors disrupted glutaminolysis and inhibited myofibroblastic activities in PSCs. Thus, Yap-Myc signaling controls glutaminolysis to activate PSCs and might be a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer desmoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Shan Shao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Tan AYW, Hamzah SH, Huang CY, Kuo CH. Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Drink Adding Protein Improves Post-exercise Fatigue Recovery. Front Physiol 2021; 12:765473. [PMID: 34880778 PMCID: PMC8647857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.765473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the requirement of protein in pre-exercise carbohydrate drinks for optimal endurance performance at high intensity and post-exercise fatigue recovery. Methods: Endurance performance at 85% V.O2peak of young men (age 20 ± 0.9 years, V.2peak 49.3 ± 0.3 L/min) was measured for two consecutive days using cycling time to exhaustion and total work exerted 2 h after three isocaloric supplementations: RICE (50 g, protein: 1.8 g), n = 7; SOY + RICE (50 g, protein: 4.8 g), n = 7; and WHEY + RICE (50 g, protein: 9.2 g), n = 7. Results: Endurance performance was similar for the three supplemented conditions. Nevertheless, maximal cycling time and total exerted work from Day 1 to Day 2 were improved in the WHEY + RICE (+21%, p = 0.05) and SOY-RICE (+16%, p = 0.10) supplemented conditions, not the RICE supplemented condition. Increases in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed 1 h after exercise regardless of supplemented conditions. Plasma creatine kinase remained unchanged after exercise for all three supplemented conditions. Increases in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) after exercise were small and similar for the three supplemented conditions. Conclusion: Adding protein into carbohydrate drinks provides no immediate benefit in endurance performance and antioxidant capacity yet enhances fatigue recovery for the next day. Soy-containing carbohydrate drink, despite 50% less protein content, shows similar fatigue recovery efficacy to the whey protein-containing carbohydrate drink. These results suggest the importance of dietary nitrogen sources in fatigue recovery after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Yi-Wey Tan
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sareena-Hanim Hamzah
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Since Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Mathematical model of the multi-amino acid multi-transporter system predicts uptake flux in CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 344:40-49. [PMID: 34896439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Supply and uptake of amino acids is of great importance to mammalian cell culture processes. Mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells express several amino acid (AA) transporters including uniporters and exchangers. Each transporter transports multiple AAs, making prediction of the effect of changed medium composition or transporter levels on individual AA transport rate challenging. A general kinetic model for such combinatorial amino acid transport, and a simplified analytical expression for the uptake rate as a function of amino acid concentrations and transporter levels is presented. From this general model, a CHO cell-specific AA transport model, to our knowledge the first such network model for any cell type, is constructed. The model is validated by its prediction of reported uptake flux and dependencies from experiments that were not used in model construction or parameter estimation. The model defines theoretical conditions for synergistic/repressive effect on the uptake rates of other AAs upon external addition of one AA. The ability of the CHO-specific model to predict amino acid interdependencies experimentally observed in other mammalian cell types suggests its robustness. This model will help formulate testable hypotheses of the effect of process changes on AA initial uptake, and serve as the AA transport component of kinetic models for cellular metabolism.
Collapse
|
141
|
Ripoll C, Roldan M, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Orte A, Martin M. Breast Cancer Cell Subtypes Display Different Metabolic Phenotypes That Correlate with Their Clinical Classification. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121267. [PMID: 34943182 PMCID: PMC8698801 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent studies on cancer cell metabolism have achieved notable breakthroughs that have led to a new scientific paradigm. How cancer cell metabolic reprogramming is orchestrated and the decisive role of this reprogramming in the oncogenic process and tumor adaptative evolution has been characterized at the molecular level. Despite this knowledge, it is essential to understand how cancer cells can metabolically respond as a living whole to ensure their survival and adaptation potential. In this work, we investigated whether different cancers and different subtypes display different metabolic phenotypes with a focus on breast cancer cell models representative of each clinical subtype. The potential results might have significant translational implications for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells represents an orchestrated network of evolving molecular and functional adaptations during oncogenic progression. In particular, how metabolic reprogramming is orchestrated in breast cancer and its decisive role in the oncogenic process and tumor evolving adaptations are well consolidated at the molecular level. Nevertheless, potential correlations between functional metabolic features and breast cancer clinical classification still represent issues that have not been fully studied to date. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether breast cancer cell models representative of each clinical subtype might display different metabolic phenotypes that correlate with current clinical classifications. In the present work, functional metabolic profiling was performed for breast cancer cell models representative of each clinical subtype based on the combination of enzyme inhibitors for key metabolic pathways, and isotope-labeled tracing dynamic analysis. The results indicated the main metabolic phenotypes, so-called ‘metabophenotypes’, in terms of their dependency on glycolytic metabolism or their reliance on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The results showed that breast cancer cell subtypes display different metabophenotypes. Importantly, these metabophenotypes are clearly correlated with the current clinical classifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ripoll
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mar Roldan
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria J. Ruedas-Rama
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Miguel Martin
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Bao L, Xu T, Lu X, Huang P, Pan Z, Ge M. Metabolic Reprogramming of Thyroid Cancer Cells and Crosstalk in Their Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:773028. [PMID: 34926283 PMCID: PMC8674491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism differs significantly between tumor and normal cells. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and metabolic interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for tumor formation and progression. Tumor cells show changes in both catabolism and anabolism. Altered aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, is a well-recognized characteristic of tumor cell energy metabolism. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells consume more glucose and glutamine. The enhanced anabolism in tumor cells includes de novo lipid synthesis as well as protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Although these forms of energy supply are uneconomical, they are required for the functioning of cancer cells, including those in thyroid cancer (TC). Increasing attention has recently focused on alterations of the TME. Understanding the metabolic changes governing the intricate relationship between TC cells and the TME may provide novel ideas for the treatment of TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Bao
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical School, Hangzhou, China
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Kavanagh O, Elmes R, O’Sullivan F, Farragher J, Robinson S, Walker G. Investigating Structural Property Relationships to Enable Repurposing of Pharmaceuticals as Zinc Ionophores. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2032. [PMID: 34959313 PMCID: PMC8704213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of zinc in biology has gained greater recognition in recent years due to its essential contributions to the function of many endogenous enzymes. Disruption of zinc homeostasis may be useful in treating pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's, and for antiviral purposes. Despite the growth of knowledge and increased interest in zinc, little is known about the structure and function of zinc ionophores. In this study we analyse the Cambridge Structural Database and solution complexation studies found in the literature to identify key functional groups which may confer zinc ionophorism. Pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and amino acids with these functionalities were selected to enable us to explore the translatability of ionophoric activity from in vitro assays to cellular systems. We find that although certain species may complex to zinc in the solid and solution states, and may carry ions across simple membrane systems, this does not necessarily translate into ionophoric activity. We propose that the CSD can help refine key functionalities but that ionophoric activity must be confirmed in cellular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Kavanagh
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- School of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Elmes
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O’Sullivan
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Farragher
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Shane Robinson
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Sciences, T45 P663 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gavin Walker
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.F.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Shao X, Wang C, Wang C, Han L, Han Y, Nižetić D, Zhang Y, Han L. Mechanical Stress Induces a Transient Suppression of Cytokine Secretion in Astrocytes Assessed at the Single-Cell Level with a High-Throughput Microfluidic Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100698. [PMID: 34549544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain cells are constantly subjected to mechanical signals. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), which display immunoreactivity and have been suggested as an emerging disease focus in the recent years. However, how mechanical signals regulate astrocyte immunoreactivity, and the cytokine release in particular, remains to be fully characterized. Here, human neural stem cells are used to induce astrocytes, from which the release of 15 types of cytokines are screened, and nine of them are detected using a protein microfluidic chip. When a gentle compressive force is applied, altered cell morphology and reinforced cytoskeleton are observed. The force induces a transient suppression of cytokine secretions including IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-8 in the early astrocytes. Further, using a multiplexed single-cell culture and protein detection microfluidic chip, the mechanical effects at a single-cell level are analyzed, which validates a concerted downregulation by force on IL-6 and MCP-1 secretions in the cells releasing both factors. This work demonstrates an original attempt of employing the protein detection microfluidic chips in the assessment of mechanical regulation on the brain cells at a single-cell resolution, offering novel approach and unique insights for the understanding of the CNS immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
- Suzhou Research Institute Shandong University Suzhou 215123 China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Yunrui Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232
- The Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London E1 2AT UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Schmitz W, Ries E, Koderer C, Völter MF, Wünsch AC, El-Mesery M, Frackmann K, Kübler AC, Linz C, Seher A. Cysteine Restriction in Murine L929 Fibroblasts as an Alternative Strategy to Methionine Restriction in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111630. [PMID: 34769059 PMCID: PMC8583874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MetR) is an efficient method of amino acid restriction (AR) in cells and organisms that induces low energy metabolism (LEM) similar to caloric restriction (CR). The implementation of MetR as a therapy for cancer or other diseases is not simple since the elimination of a single amino acid in the diet is difficult. However, the in vivo turnover rate of cysteine is usually higher than the rate of intake through food. For this reason, every cell can enzymatically synthesize cysteine from methionine, which enables the use of specific enzymatic inhibitors. In this work, we analysed the potential of cysteine restriction (CysR) in the murine cell line L929. This study determined metabolic fingerprints using mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The profiles were compared with profiles created in an earlier work under MetR. The study was supplemented by proliferation studies using D-amino acid analogues and inhibitors of intracellular cysteine synthesis. CysR showed a proliferation inhibition potential comparable to that of MetR. However, the metabolic footprints differed significantly and showed that CysR does not induce classic LEM at the metabolic level. Nevertheless, CysR offers great potential as an alternative for decisive interventions in general and tumour metabolism at the metabolic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Elena Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Corinna Koderer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Maximilian Friedrich Völter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Chiara Wünsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Kyra Frackmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Alexander Christian Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (E.R.); (C.K.); (M.F.V.); (A.C.W.); (K.F.); (A.C.K.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-74841
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sharma D, Yu Y, Shen L, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice. eLife 2021; 10:71595. [PMID: 34647520 PMCID: PMC8553342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is sequentially characterized by high rates of proliferation followed by increased protein and matrix synthesis, processes that require substantial amino acid acquisition and production. How osteoblasts obtain or maintain intracellular amino acid production is poorly understood. Here, we identify SLC1A5 as a critical amino acid transporter during bone development. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we show SLC1A5 acts cell autonomously to regulate protein synthesis and osteoblast differentiation. SLC1A5 provides both glutamine and asparagine which are essential for osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, glutamine and to a lesser extent asparagine support amino acid biosynthesis. Thus, osteoblasts depend on Slc1a5 to provide glutamine and asparagine, which are subsequently used to produce non-essential amino acids and support osteoblast differentiation and bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zheng Y, Zhao H, Tong M, Zhu L, Ma S, Cai Z. Characterization and Determination of 13C-Labeled Nonessential Amino Acids in a 13C 5-Glutamine Isotope Tracer Experiment with a Mass Spectrometry Strategy Combining Parallel Reaction Monitoring and Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13564-13571. [PMID: 34570481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isotopic tracer, a powerful technique for metabolic pathway analysis, is currently widely applied in metabolic flux analysis. However, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of 13C-labeled metabolites pose great challenges, especially in complex biological sample matrices. Here, we present an integrated method for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of various isotopologues and isotopomers of 13C-labeled nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) in HepG2 cells incubated with 13C5-glutamine (Gln) based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). First, accurate mass-to-charge (m/z) values of protonated isotopologues and elution time of standards were simultaneously analyzed to characterize 13C-labeled NEAAs by high-resolution Orbitrap MS in the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Second, isotopologues and isotopomers of 13C-labeled NEAAs were investigated in HepG2 cells incubated with 13C5-Gln at different time points. Ultimately, a total of 66 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were performed by UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole MS. Among them, 29 MRM transitions were monitored for pure metabolites (unambiguously identified). The other 37 MRM transitions were monitored for mixtures with exactly identical MRM transitions and retention time. The application of targeted profiling of 13C-labeled NEAAs in the dynamic 13C-labeling experiment indicated that the concentration-time profiles of NEAAs were different from each other. The concentrations of most 13C-labeled Gln, Glu, Pro, and Asp altered after 13C5-Gln incubation, indicating that Gln plays a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of Glu, Pro, and Asp. The proposed PRM-MRM combination mode LC-MS approach is expected to provide valuable insights into analyses of isotope-labeled metabolites in isotope tracer experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Keibler MA, Dong W, Korthauer KD, Hosios AM, Moon SJ, Sullivan LB, Liu N, Abbott KL, Arevalo OD, Ho K, Lee J, Phanse AS, Kelleher JK, Iliopoulos O, Coloff JL, Vander Heiden MG, Stephanopoulos G. Differential substrate use in EGF- and oncogenic KRAS-stimulated human mammary epithelial cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:5629-5649. [PMID: 33811729 PMCID: PMC8487438 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic phenotypes in cancer cells are also characteristic of proliferating nontransformed mammalian cells, and attempts to distinguish between phenotypes resulting from oncogenic perturbation from those associated with increased proliferation are limited. Here, we examined the extent to which metabolic changes corresponding to oncogenic KRAS expression differed from those corresponding to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-driven proliferation in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Removal of EGF from culture medium reduced growth rates and glucose/glutamine consumption in control HMECs despite limited changes in respiration and fatty acid synthesis, while the relative contribution of branched-chain amino acids to the TCA cycle and lipogenesis increased in the near-quiescent conditions. Most metabolic phenotypes measured in HMECs expressing mutant KRAS were similar to those observed in EGF-stimulated control HMECs that were growing at comparable rates. However, glucose and glutamine consumption as well as lactate and glutamate production were lower in KRAS-expressing cells cultured in media without added EGF, and these changes correlated with reduced sensitivity to GLUT1 inhibitor and phenformin treatment. Our results demonstrate the strong dependence of metabolic behavior on growth rate and provide a model to distinguish the metabolic influences of oncogenic mutations and nononcogenic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keegan D Korthauer
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orlando D Arevalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kailing Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aasavari S Phanse
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanne K Kelleher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Coloff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Zhang W, Guo X, Ren J, Chen Y, Wang J, Gao A. Glycine/glycine N-methyltransferase/sarcosine axis mediates benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115682. [PMID: 34418406 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzene, an important and widely used industrial chemical, is the cause of different types of blood disorders. However, the mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of benzene on metabolism, especially in amino acid metabolism, in human peripheral blood B lymphocyte cells (AHH-1 cells) treated with 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) and in benzene-exposed population based on the un-targeted and targeted metabolomics platforms. The results showed that 1,4-BQ disturbed the metabolic activity, such as arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways, and significantly upregulated the ratio of sarcosine/glycine in vitro. Meanwhile, the targeted metabolomics further showed that the ratio of sarcosine/glycine was also increased in the benzene exposure population. Notably, the expression of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), an enzyme catalyzing the transformation of glycine to sarcosine, was upregulated both in 1,4-BQ treated AHH-1 cells and benzene-exposed workers. These results imply that the glycine/GNMT/sarcosine axis was involved in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Such evidence will help to develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of benzene-induced hematotoxicity at the level of amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|