101
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102
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Zhu B, Xu X, Luo J, Jin S, Chen W, Liu Z, Tian C. Simultaneous determination of 131 pesticides in tea by on-line GPC-GC–MS/MS using graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent. Food Chem 2019; 276:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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103
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Huang H, Kfoury N, Orians CM, Griffin T, Ahmed S, Cash SB, Stepp JR, Xue D, Long C, Robbat A. 2014-2016 seasonal rainfall effects on metals in tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:796-803. [PMID: 30572233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-climate interactions affect the edible crop composition, impacting flavor, nutrition, and overall consumer liking. In this study, principal components analysis was used to assess the macro- and micronutrient metal concentrations in pre-monsoon (spring), monsoon (summer), and post-monsoon (autumn) tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) from Yunnan Province, China in 2014-2016. Statistical differences were observed (p = 1.35E-24). Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, and Ba concentrations were higher in June (monsoon) than in March (pre-monsoon) and September (post-monsoon) compared to Pb, K, Cu, Zn, and Na, which were higher in March and September. Although Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, and Ba concentrations increased during the monsoon season, sensory analysis did not detect metallic taste in either minimally processed or farmer-processed (commercial) teas. This finding shows the seasonal differences in flavor were due to striking differences in organic chemical composition and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Fujian, China
| | - Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Selena Ahmed
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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104
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Paul T, Mondal S. A strategic analysis of tea leaves supply chain before manufacturing – a case in Assam. BENCHMARKING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/bij-01-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
There exists insufficient literature on classification and taxonomy of tea leaves supply chain (TLSC), so the purpose of this paper is to study the existing TLSCs and classify them accordingly. Apart from this, the paper also focuses on identification of key decisions issues in the supply chains (SC) and developing a TLSC decision framework for the state of Assam in India.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a two-year detailed study on TLSC in Assam which encompasses 22 Tea Estates, 41 Small Tea Gardens (STGs) and a Research Institute (Tocklai Tea Research Institute). Secondary data were collected from relevant websites of various government organizations of India, company’s websites, annual reports, official statements from the companies, tea market reports, annual reports of the Indian Tea Association, the Tea Board of India, Tea Research Institute and published reports, etc.
Findings
The “point of origin” of TLSC is a tea garden, “point of consumption” is considered as a tea factory and green tea leaves (GTLs) forms the basic raw material. This SC includes mainly three players: Tea leaves growers, manufacturers of made tea and tea leaves agents. This study identifies the three types of TLSCs existing in Assam: TLSC1, TLSC2 and TLSC3. Among them, only TLSC1 is both responsive as well as an efficient chain, while the rest are only responsive chains. Later two SCs can be made efficient with the proposed TLSC4.
Research limitations/implications
There is an insufficient literature on classification and taxonomy of TLSC, therefore the study (considerably the classification and taxonomy of TLSC) was developed from the primary data which were collected from the 22 Tea Estates and 41 STGs of four districts of Assam, because of limited time (two years). The study should have involved more tea estates and small tea gardens for better classification and taxonomy.
Practical implications
The proposed model suggests that small tea growers may create a co-operative whereby smaller tea gardens (STGs) (members of the co-operative) unite to act as a single large garden, set up their own co-operative factory and recruit permanent tea plucking laborers. This up-gradation of TLSC2 and TLSC3 to TLSC4 may enable a group of STGs to work in a manner similar to a Tea Estate.
Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge this is one of the first studies to classify the TLSC in Assam.
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105
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Huang X, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu G, Xu X, Li L, Lv J, Gao H, Xu D. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of pyrethroid insecticides from tea infusions using ionic liquid-modified magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 as an adsorbent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39272-39281. [PMID: 35540650 PMCID: PMC9076074 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07617d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A MSPE-GC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of pyrethroids from tea infusions using Fe3O4/ZIF-8/IL as an adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
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106
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Milani RF, Lima de Paiva E, Peron LI, Morgano MA, Cadore S. Arsenic species in herbal tea leaves and infusions determination by HPLC-ICP-MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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107
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Voltammetric determination of aluminum(III) as Al-Alizarin S complex in tea leaves and infusions. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:69-79. [PMID: 30102891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents, for the first time, DPV methodology of indirect aluminum (III) determination in tea leaves and infusions using the renewable silver amalgam electrode. A self-referencing strategy was proposed which relies on alternate voltammetric curves registration with and without conditioning of the electrode surface. The developed procedure utilizing formation of aluminum-Alizarin S complex shows linearity in the range of 2-50 μg L-1 of Al(III) concentration, with r > 0.997. In the case of the electrode conditioning LOD is 0.2 μgL-1 and repeatability expressed by CV is 1-2%. Introducing an additional operation i.e. electrode activation results in decrease of sensitivity from 0.0162 to 0.0043 μA/μgL-1. The method was verified using CRM (tea leaves). Due to the wide variety of tea origin, types and producers, four most popular sorts (black, green, red and white) were chosen, made by one manufacturer. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology may be applied in Al(III) determination in tea leaves and infusions. Al(III) extraction effectiveness was also examined. It was verified, that lemon juice addition during brewing increases aluminum concentration in infusions. Using Principal Components Analysis it was demonstrated that automatic distinction of infusions brewed with and without lemon juice, based on unprocessed voltammetric signal, may be successfully realized.
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108
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de Oliveira LM, Das S, da Silva EB, Gao P, Gress J, Liu Y, Ma LQ. Metal concentrations in traditional and herbal teas and their potential risks to human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:649-657. [PMID: 29597162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Food and beverage consumption is an important route for human exposure to metals. Traditional tea (Camellia sinensis) is a widely-consumed beverage, which may contain toxic metals. This study determined total and infusion concentrations of 5 metals including Al, As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in 47 traditional and herbal teas from 13 countries and assessed their potential risks to human health. The data showed that herbal teas exhibited higher As (0.26mgkg-1), Cd (0.19mgkg-1) and Pb (2.32mgkg-1) than traditional teas. Black tea from India had high Cr at 31mgkg-1 while white tea from China had low Cr at 0.39mgkg-1. Arsenic, Cd and Pb did not exceed the WHO limit for medicinal plants excluding one herbal tea with 1.1mgkg-1 As and 26.4mgkg-1 Pb. However, Cr in 47% herbal teas and 73% traditional teas exceeded the Canada limit of 2mgkg-1. Metal concentrations in tea infusions were below the MCL for drinking water except for Al. Total Al and its infusion was lower in herbal teas (47-1745mgkg-1 and 0.09-3.95mgL-1) than traditional teas (50.3-2517mgkg-1 and 0.02-7.51mgL-1), with 0.9-22% and 4-49% of the Al being soluble in infusion. The Al concentrations in infusion in all black tea and 83, 75 and 25% of the green, oolong and herbal teas exceeded the secondary MCL for drinking water at 0.2mgL-1. However, the weekly intake of Al from drinking tea (0.001-0.39 and 0.003-0.56mgkg-1 for children and adults) was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake for Al at 1.0mgkg-1. Our data showed that it is important to consider metal intake from tea consumptions, especially for Cr and Al in heavy tea drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letuzia M de Oliveira
- Research Center of Soil Contamination and Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Suchismita Das
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Evandro B da Silva
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yungen Liu
- Research Center of Soil Contamination and Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Center of Soil Contamination and Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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109
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Li L, Wen B, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Song X, Ren S, Wang Y, Fang W, Zhu X. Geographical origin traceability of tea based on multi-element spatial distribution and the relationship with soil in district scale. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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110
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen L, Liu T, Ma G, Liu X. Influence of manufacturing process on the contents of iron, copper, chromium, nickel and manganese elements in Crush, Tear and Curl black tea, their transfer rates and health risk assessment. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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111
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Erdemir US. Contribution of tea ( Camellia sinensis L .) to recommended daily intake of Mg, Mn, and Fe: An in vitro bioaccessibility assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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112
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Zhou L, Li H, Ye S, Tan H. A new method for determination of fluoride ion in commodity tea by ion-exclusion chromatography. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1441188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Standard and Testing Technology of Tea Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huaiping Li
- Standard and Testing Technology of Tea Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shanrong Ye
- Standard and Testing Technology of Tea Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Heping Tan
- Standard and Testing Technology of Tea Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, PR China
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113
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Kganyago P, Mahlaule-Glory LM, Mathipa MM, Ntsendwana B, Mketo N, Mbita Z, Hintsho-Mbita NC. Synthesis of NiO nanoparticles via a green route using Monsonia burkeana: The physical and biological properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 182:18-26. [PMID: 29587189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NiO nanoparticles have emerged as ideal candidates in various fields due to their magnetic, electrical and optical properties. The coupling of plant extracts that have anticancer and antibacterial properties with NiO nanoparticles has increased their usage in the biomedical field. In this work, we report on the novel synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using a local medicinal plant, Monsonia burkenea. The nickel nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR showed that the extraction of the plant phytochemicals was successful and the green synthesized nanoparticles from plants contained the phytochemical groups that are found in the Monsonia burkeana plant. XRD and HRTEM confirmed the successful formation of NiO nanoparticles with an average particle size range of 20 nm. These results were also corroborated by elemental mapping and EDX, where the dominant groups were identified.The Monsonia burkeana NiO particles exhibited selective bactericidal activity against Gram-negative strains, such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, cytotoxicity studies showed the materials did not have any anti proliferative effect against A549 lung cancer cells but could be used as potential drug delivery vehicles against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kganyago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - L M Mahlaule-Glory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - M M Mathipa
- Limpopo Agro-Food Technology Station, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - B Ntsendwana
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Rooderpoort, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - N Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Z Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - N C Hintsho-Mbita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, South Africa.
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114
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Pereira Junior JB, Brito RCM, Pereira LPB, Fernandes Dantas KG. Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements in Cat's Claw Teas by In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Using FAAS. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:178-184. [PMID: 28667513 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn in cat's claw plant teas through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with gastric and intestinal juice solutions. The total concentrations and bioaccessible fractions of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results obtained showed that Zn was the most bioaccessible element in the teas, contributing a mean of 57.9% by infusion and 62.5% by decoction. Among macroelements, the Ca was less bioaccessible with 17.4% recovery. The bioavailability assessment revealed that daily intake of 200 ml of cat's claw teas cover about 1.0% of manganese RDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Pereira Junior
- Group of Analytical Spectrometry Applied, Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Robson C M Brito
- Group of Analytical Spectrometry Applied, Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lana P B Pereira
- Group of Analytical Spectrometry Applied, Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Kelly G Fernandes Dantas
- Group of Analytical Spectrometry Applied, Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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115
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Multivariate Optimization for the Development of a Fast and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedure for Multielemental Determination in Tea Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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116
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Milačič R, Ščančar J. Comment on recent article speciation of Cr in bread and breakfast cereals, published in Food Chemistry, (2017) 129, 1839-1843 by Mathebula, M. W., Mandiwana, K., & Panichev, N. Food Chem 2018; 254:78-79. [PMID: 29548474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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117
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Huang Y, Chen Q, Deng M, Japenga J, Li T, Yang X, He Z. Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:159-168. [PMID: 29174991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in peri-urban areas in China is serious and complex. We thus developed an integrated evaluation method to assess heavy metal pollution and potential health risk to residents in a typical peri-urban area with diverse anthropogenic emission sources and cropping systems. Ecological risk was evaluated using Nemerow's synthetical pollution index (Pn) and Potential ecological risk index (RI). Then polluted areas and responsible emission sources were identified by GIS mapping. Health risk caused by food intake and soil exposure was calculated by accounting for the influence of anthropogenic emissions and cropping systems. Agricultural soils in the study area were polluted by cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). High concentrations mainly occurred near the mining area and along the roadsides. The accumulation of heavy metals in crops followed the order of tea leaves > rice grain > vegetables. The hazard index of potential human health risk caused by chronic soil exposure and food intake was 15.3, indicating obvious adverse health effects. 87.5% of health risk was attributed to food consumption, and significantly varied among different cropping systems with the decreasing order of rice (10.44) >vegetable (2.86) > tea (0.05). The integrated method of ecological and health risk index, which takes consideration of both anthropogenic emission and cropping system can provide a practical tool for evaluating of agricultural soil in the peri-urban area regrading different risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meihua Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jan Japenga
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhenli He
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34951, USA
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118
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Karak T, Kutu FR, Nath JR, Sonar I, Paul RK, Boruah RK, Sanyal S, Sabhapondit S, Dutta AK. Micronutrients (B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) content in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion with health prospect: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2996-3034. [PMID: 26478953 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1083534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a perennial acidophilic crop, and known to be a nonalcoholic stimulating beverage that is most widely consumed after water. The aim of this review paper is to provide a detailed documentation of selected micronutrient contents, viz. boron (B), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) in made tea and tea infusion. Available data from the literature were used to calculate human health aspect associated with the consumption of tea infusion. A wide range of micronutrients reported in both made tea and tea infusion could be the major sources of micronutrients for human. The content of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in made tea are ranged from 3.04 to 58.44 μg g-1, below detectable limit (BDL) to 122.4 μg g-1, BDL to 602 μg g-1, 0.275 to 13,040 μg g-1, 0.004 to 15,866 μg g-1, 0.04 to 570.80 μg g-1 and 0.01 to 1120 μg g-1, respectively. Only 3.2 μg L-1 to 7.25 mg L-1, 0.01 μg L-1 to 7 mg L-1, 3.80 μg L-1 to 6.13 mg L-1, 135.59 μg L-1 -11.05 mg L-1, 0.05 μg L-1 to 1980.34 mg L-1, 0.012 to 3.78 μg L-1, and 1.12 μg L-1 to 2.32 μg L-1 of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn, respectively, are found in tea infusion which are lower than the prescribed limit of micronutrients in drinking water by World Health Organization. Furthermore, micronutrient contents in tea infusion depend on infusion procedure as well as on the instrument used for analysis. The proportion of micronutrients found in different tea types are 1.0-88.9% for B, 10-60% for Co, 2.0-97.8% for Cu, 67.8-89.9% for Fe, 71.0-87.4% for Mn, 13.3-34% for Mo, and 34.9-83% for Zn. From the results, it can also be concluded that consumption of three cups of tea infusion per day does not have any adverse effect on human health with respect to the referred micronutrients rather got beneficial effects to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Karak
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Funso Raphael Kutu
- b Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Sciences , North West University, Mafikeng Campus , Mmabatho , South Africa
| | - Jyoti Rani Nath
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Indira Sonar
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- c Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute , New Delhi , India
| | | | - Sandip Sanyal
- d Department of Tea Processing and Manufacturing Advisory , Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute , Jorhat , Assam , India
| | - Santanu Sabhapondit
- e Department of Biochemistry , Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute , Jorhat , Assam , India
| | - Amrit Kumar Dutta
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
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Liao ZH, Chen YJ, Tzen JTC, Kuo PC, Lee MR, Mai FD, Rairat T, Chou CC. Effect of teapot materials on the chemical composition of oolong tea infusions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:751-757. [PMID: 28675436 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavor and quality of tea are widely believed to be associated with the pot in which the tea is made. However, this claim is mostly by experiences and lacks solid support from scientific evidence. The current study investigated and compared the chemical compositions of oolong tea made with six different teapot materials, namely Zisha, Zhuni, stainless steel, ceramic, glass and plastic. RESULTS For each tea sample, polyphenols and caffeine were examined by HPLC-UV, volatile compounds by GC/MS, amino acids by LC/MS and minerals by ICP-MS. The results suggested that tea infusions from Zisha and Zhuni pots contain higher levels of EGC, EGCG and total catechins and less caffeine than those from ceramic, glass and plastic pots and tend to have the lowest total mineral contents, potassium and volatile compounds in tea soup. The statistical differences were not all significant among Zisha, Zhuni and stainless steel pots. CONCLUSION Based on the overall chemical composition of the tea infusion, Yixing clay pots (Zisha and Zhuni) produce tea infusions that are presumably less bitter and more fragrant and tend to contain more healthful compounds than tea infusions from other pots. The results could partially explain why Yixing clay pots are among the most popular teapots. The beneficial effects of long-term repeated use of these teapots warrants further study. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jason Tze-Cheng Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Mai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tirawat Rairat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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YABALAK E. Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extract from Arum Dioscoridis Sm. var. Dioscoridis and Determination of Mineral and Trace Elements. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.350370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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121
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Zhao H, Yu C, Li M. Effects of geographical origin, variety, season and their interactions on minerals in tea for traceability. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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122
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Popović S, Pantelić A, Milovanović Ž, Milinkov J, Vidović M. Analysis of Tea for Metals by Flame and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Multivariate Analysis. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1307849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Popović
- Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, Scientific Institution, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantelić
- Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, Scientific Institution, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Milovanović
- Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, Scientific Institution, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milinkov
- Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, Scientific Institution, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Vidović
- Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, Scientific Institution, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Karak T, Bora K, Paul RK, Das S, Khare P, Dutta AK, Boruah RK. Paradigm shift of contamination risk of six heavy metals in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growing soil: A new approach influenced by inorganic and organic amendments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 338:250-264. [PMID: 28575803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides several contamination and ecological risk indices for selected metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) in tea (Camellia sinensis L.; cv. S.3A/3) growing soil influenced by lower to higher doses of inorganic and organic amendments. While ecological risk indices were applied, it was observed that same treatment showed different risk levels but contamination risk status did not vary significantly. All the indices showed significant correlation with heavy metals' concentration in young shoots of tea plants. As the indices characterized experimental soils with different extents of contamination, it would be important to standardize the indices with long term experiments followed by generation of new index. Therefore, we formulated a new contamination index named as Tea Research Association Heavy Metal Contamination Index (TRAHMCI) for tea growing soils. TRAHMCI is based on the probable change of metal status in soil with progress of growth of tea plant. This could be useful to negate discrepancies arised from use of various existing metal contamination indices in tea growing soils amended with different doses of fertilizers. TRAHMCI was formulated based on individual contamination factor using statistical technique and applied to the present dataset which provided a more holistic understanding of overall tea growing soil behavior. The limitation of the developed TRAHMCI index is that, the index had not been validated for other crops in our study not to claim its effective use for crops other than tea. As already mentioned, this new index had been formulated by taking tea as the test crop with above mentioned six heavy metal contents in young shoot and made tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
| | - Krishnamoni Bora
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Dibrugarh Polytechnic, Lahowal, Dibrugarh-786010, Assam, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow -226015,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrit Kumar Dutta
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Romesh Kumar Boruah
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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124
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Multielement Analysis of Tea and Mint Infusions by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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125
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YABALAK E, GİZİR AHMETMURAT. Evaluation of Total Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extract from Allium Kharputense Freyn et. Sint. and Determination of Mineral and Trace Elements. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.315094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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126
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Wambulwa MC, Meegahakumbura MK, Kamunya S, Muchugi A, Möller M, Liu J, Xu JC, Li DZ, Gao LM. Multiple origins and a narrow genepool characterise the African tea germplasm: concordant patterns revealed by nuclear and plastid DNA markers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4053. [PMID: 28642589 PMCID: PMC5481375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the highly economic value of tea in Africa, its genetic and geographic origins remain largely unexplored. Here we address this by collecting 439 samples across 11 countries in Africa and Asia to investigate the origin and genepool composition of African tea based on 23 nuclear microsatellites loci (nSSRs) and three cpDNA intergenic spacer regions. Our results indicated that the African tea represents a potpourri originating from multiple introductions over time. The nSSR analysis revealed that the majority (79%) of tea accessions collected in Africa belong to Indian Assam tea which have likely originated from India and/or Sri Lanka. The patterns of nSSR variation also showed that Chinese Assam tea is genetically distinct from Indian Assam tea, and has rarely been used in African tea breeding efforts since only 4% of the African tea accessions possessed this genotype. We found a total of 22 cpDNA haplotypes, which grouped into three main geographic clades that were concordant with the distribution of microsatellite genotypes. Several private cpDNA haplotypes were identified in Chinese Assam tea in Southern Yunnan province of China. Therefore Chinese Assam tea will be important for the enrichment of African tea gene pools. Our results is a useful guide in future tea breeding programmes in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Cheloti Wambulwa
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Genetic Resources Unit, World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, P. O. Box, 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muditha Kasun Meegahakumbura
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Genetic and Plant Breeding Division, Coconut Research Institute, Bandirippuwa Estate, 61150, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Samson Kamunya
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute (KALRO-TRI), Kericho, Kenya
| | - Alice Muchugi
- Genetic Resources Unit, World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, P. O. Box, 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Möller
- Department of Science, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jian-Chu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia Office, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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127
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Zhang J, Ma G, Chen L, Liu T, Liu X, Lu C. Profiling elements in Puerh tea from Yunnan province, China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2017; 10:155-164. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1278726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guicen Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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128
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Gómez-Nieto B, Gismera MJ, Sevilla MT, Procopio JR. Determination of essential elements in beverages, herbal infusions and dietary supplements using a new straightforward sequential approach based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 219:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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129
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Karak T, Paul RK, Kutu FR, Mehra A, Khare P, Dutta AK, Bora K, Boruah RK. Comparative Assessment of Copper, Iron, and Zinc Contents in Selected Indian (Assam) and South African (Thohoyandou) Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Samples and Their Infusion: A Quest for Health Risks to Consumer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:475-487. [PMID: 27339254 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the infusion pattern of three important micronutrients namely copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) contents from black tea samples produced in Assam (India) and Thohoyandou (South Africa). Average daily intakes and hazardous quotient were reported for these micronutrients. Total content for Cu, Fe, and Zn varied from 2.25 to 48.82 mg kg-1, 14.75 to 148.18 mg kg-1, and 28.48 to 106.68 mg kg-1, respectively. The average contents of each of the three micronutrients were higher in tea leaves samples collected from South Africa than those from India while the contents in tea infusions in Indian samples were higher than in South African tea samples. Results of this study revealed that the consumption of 600 mL tea infusion produced from 24 g of made tea per day may be beneficial to human in terms of these micronutrients content. Application of nonparametric tests revealed that most of the data sets do not satisfy the normality assumptions. Hence, the use of both parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis that subsequently revealed significant differences in elemental contents among Indian and South African tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India.
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- Division of Statistical Genetics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Funso Raphael Kutu
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Aradhana Mehra
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, DE221GB, Derby, UK
| | - Puja Khare
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Amrit Kumar Dutta
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
| | - Krishnamoni Bora
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
| | - Romesh Kumar Boruah
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
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130
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Pastoriza S, Mesías M, Cabrera C, Rufián-Henares JA. Healthy properties of green and white teas: an update. Food Funct 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00611j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Green tea has been consumed for centuries in Japan, China and Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pastoriza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Campus de Cartuja S/N
- 18071
- Universidad de Granada
| | - M. Mesías
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC)
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Cabrera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Campus de Cartuja S/N
- 18071
- Universidad de Granada
| | - J. A. Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Campus de Cartuja S/N
- 18071
- Universidad de Granada
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131
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McAuley C, Dersch A, Kates LN, Sowan DR, Ollson CA. Improving Risk Assessment Calculations for Traditional Foods Through Collaborative Research with First Nations Communities. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:2195-2207. [PMID: 26856254 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As industrial development is increasing near northern Canadian communities, human health risk assessments (HHRA) are conducted to assess the predicted magnitude of impacts of chemical emissions on human health. One exposure pathway assessed for First Nations communities is the consumption of traditional plants, such as muskeg tea (Labrador tea) (Ledum/Rhododendron groenlandicum) and mint (Mentha arvensis). These plants are used to make tea and are not typically consumed in their raw form. Traditional practices were used to harvest muskeg tea leaves and mint leaves by two First Nations communities in northern Alberta, Canada. Under the direction of community elders, community youth collected and dried plants to make tea. Soil, plant, and tea decoction samples were analyzed for inorganic elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of inorganic elements in the tea decoctions were orders of magnitude lower than in the vegetation (e.g., manganese 0.107 mg/L in tea, 753 mg/kg in leaves). For barium, the practice of assessing ingestion of raw vegetation would have resulted in a hazard quotient (HQ) greater than the benchmark of 0.2. Using measured tea concentrations it was determined that exposure would result in risk estimates orders of magnitude below the HQ benchmark of 0.2 (HQ = 0.0049 and 0.017 for muskeg and mint tea, respectively). An HHRA calculating exposure to tea vegetation through direct ingestion of the leaves may overestimate risk. The results emphasize that food preparation methods must be considered when conducting an HHRA. This study illustrates how collaboration between Western scientists and First Nations communities can add greater clarity to risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McAuley
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ave Dersch
- Moccasin Flower Consulting Inc, Slave Lake, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa N Kates
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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132
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Deng X, Chan CK, Tüysüz H. Spent Tea Leaf Templating of Cobalt-Based Mixed Oxide Nanocrystals for Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32488-32495. [PMID: 27933824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of nanostructured cobalt oxides using spent tea leaves as a hard template is reported. Following an impregnation-calcination and template removal pathway, sheetlike structures containing nanosized crystallites of Co3O4 are obtained. Co3O4 incorporated with Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn (M/Co = 1/8 atomic ratio) are also prepared, and the materials are thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and N2 sorption. The method is applicable to several commercial tea leaves and is successfully scaled up to prepare over 7 g of Co3O4 with the same nanostructure. The oxides are then tested for electrochemical water oxidation, and Cu, Ni, and Fe incorporations show beneficial effect on the catalytic activity of Co3O4, achieving performance comparable to levels from benchmark electrocatalysts. These data suggest that tea leaf templating can be utilized as a facile and promising approach to prepare nanostructured functional catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Deng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Candace K Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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133
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Microbial decontamination of gamma irradiated black tea and determination of major minerals in black tea, fresh tea leaves and tea garden soil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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134
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Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Grembecka M, Szefer P. Analytical Assessment of Bio- and Toxic Elements Distribution in Pu-erh and Fruit Teas in View of Chemometric Approach. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:240-250. [PMID: 27038620 PMCID: PMC5055561 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study concerns application of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in assessment of macro- and microelement and toxic metal levels (Mg, Ca, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd and Pb) in dark (Pu-erh) and fruit tea leaves and their infusions. Phosphorus was also determined in the form of phosphomolybdate by spectrophotometric method. The reliability of the method was checked using three certified reference materials. The results of analysis were in agreement with the certified values, with analytical recovery ranging from 86 to 113 %. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between concentrations of P, Zn, K, Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, and Pb in Pu-erh tea, whereas in fruit tea, such interdependences were found between Mg, Fe, P, Ni, and Co. Kruskal-Wallis test results have related differences in Pu-erh tea quality as well as technological processing of fruit tea to their mineral composition. In order to characterize tea elemental content, chemometric techniques such as factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. Their application allowed on differentiation of samples in view of the fermentation type, technological processing, and overall quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Brzezicha-Cirocka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
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135
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Colapinto CK, Arbuckle TE, Dubois L, Fraser W. Is there a relationship between tea intake and maternal whole blood heavy metal concentrations? JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:503-9. [PMID: 26732378 PMCID: PMC4990775 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis was to examine the association between tea intake during pregnancy and maternal and infant metal exposures. Data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a pan-Canadian pregnancy cohort, were used. All participants with a gestational age of ⩾20 weeks (n=1954) with available biomarkers were included. Geometric means (GMs) for lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium and manganese in maternal (first and third trimesters) and cord blood, as well as speciated arsenic in maternal urine in the first trimester, were calculated for participants who drank regular, green or herbal tea and for those who did not. Differences between groups were examined using chi-square tests. Adjusted least squares geometric means (LSGMs) were estimated by tea intake, controlling for factors such as country of birth, coffee intake and maternal smoking. Concentrations of all metals were above the limits of detection in most participants in the first trimester: lead (GM): 0.62 μg/dl), mercury (GM: 2.99 nmol/l); cadmium (GM 1.93 nmol/l), arsenic (GM 9.75 nmol/l) and manganese (GM 160.1 nmol/l). Adjusted LSGMs for lead in the first trimester were higher for tea drinkers than for those who were non-tea drinkers (LSGM 0.65 μg/dl, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.69 and 0.61 μg/dl, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.62), and there was evidence of a dose-response relationship for green and herbal tea. Those who consumed herbal tea in the third trimester had significantly higher third trimester maternal and cord blood lead concentrations than non-herbal tea drinkers. This study provides evidence of an association between blood lead concentrations and green or herbal tea consumption. However, the GM blood lead concentrations of the highest tea consumers were still less than 1 μg/dl and within the normal range of blood lead concentrations in the Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Colapinto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4. E-mail:
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Environmental Health Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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136
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Transition rates of selected metals determined in various types of teas (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) and herbal/fruit infusions. Food Chem 2016; 215:22-30. [PMID: 27542446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Teas and raw materials used as ingredients of herbal and fruit infusions (HFI) were analysed by means of ICP-MS for their content of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and mercury in the dry product and in the infusion. Samples of tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) were selected to include different origins, types (black, green), leaf grades (whole leaf, broken, fannings, dust) and manufacturing techniques (orthodox, "crush, tear, curl"). The selected HFI raw materials (chamomile, elderberries, fennel, hibiscus, mate, peppermint, rooibos and rose hip) cover the most important matrices (flower, fruit, seed, herb, leaf) and reflect the economic significance of these HFI materials in trade. Infusions were prepared under standardised conditions representing typical household brewing. Transition rates for the investigated metals vary significantly but are mostly well below 100%. We propose default transition rates for metals to avoid overestimation of exposure levels from tea/HFI consumption.
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137
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Chang CT, You CF, Aggarwal SK, Chung CH, Chao HC, Liu HC. Boron and strontium isotope ratios and major/trace elements concentrations in tea leaves at four major tea growing gardens in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:737-748. [PMID: 26254888 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic compositions of B and Sr in rocks and sediments can be used as tracers for plant provincial sources. This study aims to test whether tea leaf origin can be discriminated using (10)B/(11)B and Sr isotopic composition data, along with concentrations of major/trace elements, in tea specimens collected from major plantation gardens in Taiwan. The tea leaves were digested by microwave and analyzed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). The data showed significant variations in (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios (from 0.70482 to 0.71462), which reflect changes in soil, groundwater or irrigation conditions. The most radiogenic tea leaves were found at the Taitung garden and the least radiogenic ones were from the Hualien garden. The δ (11)B was found to change appreciably (δ (11)B = 0.38-23.73 ‰) which could be due to fertilizers. The maximum δ (11)B was also observed in tea samples from the Hualien garden. Principal component analysis combining (87)Sr/(86)Sr, δ (11)B and major/trace elements results successfully discriminated different sources of major tea gardens in Taiwan, except the Hualien gardens, and this may be due to rather complicated local geological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Chang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Feng You
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
- Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Suresh Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Chuan-Hsiung Chung
- Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Chun Chao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hou-Chun Liu
- Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
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138
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Nkansah MA, Opoku F, Ackumey AA. Risk assessment of mineral and heavy metal content of selected tea products from the Ghanaian market. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:332. [PMID: 27154053 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Food consumption is the most likely route of human exposure to metals. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. Concentrations of heavy metals and minerals in tea from 15 different brands in Kumasi, Ghana were measured to assess the health risk associated with their consumption. The mineral and metal contents (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Z-8100 polarized Zeeman). The results revealed that the mean concentrations were in the order: Ca > Fe > As > Cd > Zn > Pb. The average contents of Ca, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As in the samples were 94.08, 6.15, 0.20, 0.16, 0.36, and 1.66 mg/kg, respectively. All the minerals and heavy metals were below the maximum permissible limits stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Pharmacopeia (USP). Metal-to-metal correlation indicated strong correlations between As/Zn, Cd/Zn, Cd/As, and Pb/As pairs. Factor analysis demonstrated a clear separation between minerals, grouped on one side, and heavy metals, clustered on another side. Both the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) levels in green tea were far below 1, suggesting that consumption of green tea should pose no potential risk to human health. However, carcinogenic risk levels for arsenic were high; R > 10(-6). The results showed that residents in Kumasi consume tea could be at risk from exposure to these heavy metals and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Opoku
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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139
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Direct spectral analysis of tea samples using 266 nm UV pulsed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and cross validation of LIBS results with ICP-MS. Talanta 2016; 152:341-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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140
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Milani RF, Morgano MA, Cadore S. Trace elements in Camellia sinensis marketed in southeastern Brazil: Extraction from tea leaves to beverages and dietary exposure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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141
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Birinci A, Eren H, Coldur F, Coskun E, Andac M. Rapid determination of trace level copper in tea infusion samples by solid contact ion selective electrode. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:485-492. [PMID: 28911553 PMCID: PMC9336652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new solid contact copper selective electrode with a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane consisting of o-xylylenebis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) as ionophore has been prepared. The main novelties of constructed ion selective electrode concept are the enhanced robustness, cheapness, and fastness due to the use of solid contacts. The electrode exhibits a rapid (< 10 seconds) and near-Nernstian response to Cu2+ activity from 10-1 to 10-6 mol/L at the pH range of 4.0-6.0. No serious interference from common ions was found. The electrode characterizes by high potential stability, reproducibility, and full repeatability. The electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA and for the direct assay of tea infusion samples by means of the calibration graph technique. The results compared favorably with those obtained by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Birinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hilal Eren
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Coldur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Emine Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muberra Andac
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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142
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ATASOY A, YESILNACAR M, ATASOY A. Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration and Daily Intake by Human from Tea Infusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.29050/harranziraat.194280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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143
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Werner J. Determination of metal ions in tea samples using task-specific ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1411-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry; Poznan University of Technology; Poznań Poland
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144
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Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Grembecka M, Szefer P. Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:183. [PMID: 26899031 PMCID: PMC4762913 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study measured the concentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) and other elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) in tea leaves and their infusions. The total metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Phosphorus concentration was determined using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Assessment of the mineral composition enabled determination of the leaching percentage and the risk of exceeding provisional tolerable weekly intake for Cd through daily tea consumption. The concentrations of bioelements were analyzed based on the recommended daily intake values for each. According to recently established standards, green tea was found to be a rich source of Mn. The average Pb and Cd levels in a 200-mL beverage were 0.002 and 0.003 mg, respectively. Indian teas had the highest percentage of Cd leaching (43.8%) and Chinese tea had the lowest (9.41%). Multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to differentiate samples according to geographical origin (China, India, or Japan). Potassium, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Cd were effective descriptors for the identification of tea samples from China, India, and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Brzezicha-Cirocka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
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145
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Cook MC, Stukel MJ, Zhang W, Mercier JF, Cooke MW. The determination of Fukushima-derived cesium-134 and cesium-137 in Japanese green tea samples and their distribution subsequent to simulated beverage preparation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 153:23-30. [PMID: 26714059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Health Canada's Radiation Protection Bureau has identified trace quantities of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in commercially available green tea products of Japanese origin. Referenced to March 11, 2011, the activity ratio ((134)Cs/(137)Cs) has been determined to be 1:1, which supports an origin from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The upper limits of typical tea beverage preparation conditions were applied to the most contaminated of these green tea samples to determine the proportion of radiocesium contamination that would be available for human consumption. The distribution of radiocesium among the components of the extraction experiments (water, residual tea solid, and filter media) was determined by both conventional and Compton-suppressed gamma spectroscopy. The latter aided tremendously in providing a more complete radiocesium distribution profile, particularly for the shorter-lived (134)Cs. Cesium extraction efficiencies of 64 ± 7% and 64 ± 5% were determined based on (134)Cs and (137)Cs, respectively. Annual, effective dose estimates from ingestion of (137)Cs and (134)Cs (1.8-3.7 μSv), arising from the consumption of tea beverages prepared from the most contaminated of these samples, are insignificant relative to both total (∼ 2.4 mSv) and ingested (∼ 0.28 mSv) annual effective doses received from naturally occurring radioactive sources. As such, there is no health concern arising from the consumption of green tea beverages contaminated with radiocesium at the levels encountered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Cook
- Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Stukel
- Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Mercier
- Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Michael W Cooke
- Radiation Surveillance Division, Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
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146
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Rashid MH, Fardous Z, Chowdhury MAZ, Alam MK, Bari ML, Moniruzzaman M, Gan SH. Determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves: an evaluation of six digestion methods. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:7. [PMID: 26900397 PMCID: PMC4759960 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in (1) fresh tea leaves, (2) processed (black) tea leaves and (3) soils from tea plantations originating from Bangladesh. Methods Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) was used to evaluate six digestion methods, (1) nitric acid, (2) nitric acid overnight, (3) nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide, (4) nitric–perchloric acid, (5) sulfuric acid, and (6) dry ashing, to determine the most suitable digestion method for the determination of heavy metals in the samples. Results The concentration ranges of Cd, Pb, As and Se in fresh tea leaves were from 0.03–0.13, 0.19–2.06 and 0.47–1.31 µg/g, respectively while processed tea contained heavy metals at different concentrations: Cd (0.04–0.16 µg/g), Cr (0.45–10.73 µg/g), Pb (0.07–1.03 µg/g), As (0.89–1.90 µg/g) and Se (0.21–10.79 µg/g). Moreover, the soil samples of tea plantations also showed a wide range of concentrations: Cd (0.11–0.45 µg/g), Pb (2.80–66.54 µg/g), As (0.78–4.49 µg/g), and Se content (0.03–0.99 µg/g). Method no. 2 provided sufficient time to digest the tea matrix and was the most efficient method for recovering Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Se. Methods 1 and 3 were also acceptable and can be relatively inexpensive, easy and fast. The heavy metal transfer factors in the investigated soil/tea samples decreased as follows: Cd > As > Se > Pb. Conclusion Overall, the present study gives current insights into the heavy metal levels both in soils and teas commonly consumed in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harunur Rashid
- Agrochemical and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury
- Agrochemical and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Md Khorshed Alam
- Agrochemical and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Md Latiful Bari
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
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147
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de Assis SGF, de Andrade MF, Montenegro MCBSM, dos Reis BF, Paim APS. Determination of Polyphenol Content by Formation of Unstable Compound Using a Mini-Pump Multicommutation System. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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148
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Lu H, Zhang J, Yang Y, Yang X, Xu B, Yang W, Tong T, Jin S, Shen C, Rao H, Li X, Lu H, Fuller DQ, Wang L, Wang C, Xu D, Wu N. Earliest tea as evidence for one branch of the Silk Road across the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18955. [PMID: 26738699 PMCID: PMC4704058 DOI: 10.1038/srep18955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoliths and biomolecular components extracted from ancient plant remains from Chang'an (Xi'an, the city where the Silk Road begins) and Ngari (Ali) in western Tibet, China, show that the tea was grown 2100 years ago to cater for the drinking habits of the Western Han Dynasty (207BCE-9CE), and then carried toward central Asia by ca.200CE, several hundred years earlier than previously recorded. The earliest physical evidence of tea from both the Chang'an and Ngari regions suggests that a branch of the Silk Road across the Tibetan Plateau, was established by the second to third century CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baiqing Xu
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wuzhan Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi'an 710001, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100804, China
| | - Caiming Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Huiyun Rao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Ali district culture bureau of Tibet, Ali 859000, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Center for Tibetan Studies of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dorian Q Fuller
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, U.K
| | - Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Deke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Naiqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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149
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Veljković JN, Pavlović AN, Brcanović JM, Mitić SS, Tošić SB, Pecev-Marinković ET, Mitić MN. Differentiation of black, green, herbal and fruit bagged teas based on multi-element analysis using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present paper, multi-element characterisation of 26 bagged teas was carried out using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Na, K, Ca and Mg were the metals with major contents. Among the essential elements, Fe and Zn were the most abundant, followed by Se, Cu, Mo and Cr. The tea bag samples also contained significant contents of Mn and Al. The chemometric techniques of linear correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used for differentiation of the tea bag samples according to their metal content. The samples analysed were classified into four groups by PCA and CA. The first group includes hibiscus, nettle, mint, rtanj tea, thyme, bearberry and sage. Green and black teas are in the second group. The third group contains strawberry, lime, pineapple, pomegranate, elder, blueberry, milfoil, apricot and chamomile. Exotic fruits, sweet cherry, forest fruits, apple, St John’s wort, rose hips, cherry and raspberry are in the fourth group.
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Soares KCN, Pianoski KE, Mokochinski JB, Finger D, Sawaya ACHF, da Rosa EA, Quináia SP, Torres YR. Variability and Chemical Composition of Aerials Parts of Verbena minutiflora. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristina Nogueira Soares
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
| | - Karlos Eduardo Pianoski
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
| | - João Benhur Mokochinski
- Programa BTPB; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daiane Finger
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Aguayo da Rosa
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
| | - Sueli Pércio Quináia
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
| | - Yohandra Reyes Torres
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO; Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli Guarapuava Paraná 85040-080 Brazil
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