101
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Yu S, Huo K. Aspergillus fumigatus phospholipase D may enhance reactive oxygen species production by accumulation of histone deacetylase 6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:651-656. [PMID: 30286953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus, an airborne pathogen, causes many diseases, including aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Phospholipase D (PLD) is an important virulence factor for A. fumigatus infection, but the manner by which PLD contributes to the virulence of this pathogen is not clear. Our results show that expression of A. fumigatus PLD in human cells was able to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important role in several signaling pathways as well as in lung infection. Meanwhile, A. fumigatus PLD was found to interact with human endogenous histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a known regulator of ROS production and inflammatory responses; PLD significantly increased the expression level of HDAC6 protein without altering its mRNA level. These results suggest that A. fumigatus PLD may enhance the production of ROS via the accumulation of HDAC6, which may be involved in host immunomodulation during A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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102
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The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Redox-Dependent Signaling: Homeostatic and Pathological Responses in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100156. [PMID: 30287799 PMCID: PMC6211135 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H2O2 is recognized as one of the main molecules in the sensing, modulation and signaling of redox metabolism, and it is acting as a second messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). These second messengers activate in turn a cascade of downstream proteins via specific oxidations leading to a metabolic response of the cell. This metabolic response can determine proliferation, survival or death of the cell depending on which downstream pathways (homeostatic, pathological, or protective) have been activated. The cells have several sources of H2O2 and cellular systems strictly control its concentration in different subcellular compartments. This review summarizes research on the role played by H2O2 in signaling pathways of eukaryotic cells and how this signaling leads to homeostatic or pathological responses.
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103
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Williams IM, McClatchey PM, Bracy DP, Valenzuela FA, Wasserman DH. Acute Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Accelerates Transendothelial Insulin Efflux In Vivo. Diabetes 2018; 67:1962-1975. [PMID: 30002132 PMCID: PMC6152344 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Before insulin can stimulate glucose uptake in muscle, it must be delivered to skeletal muscle (SkM) through the microvasculature. Insulin delivery is determined by SkM perfusion and the rate of movement of insulin across the capillary endothelium. The endothelium therefore plays a central role in regulating insulin access to SkM. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of endothelial function and stimulates arterial vasodilation, which increases SkM perfusion and the capillary surface area available for insulin exchange. The effects of NO on transendothelial insulin efflux (TIE), however, are unknown. We hypothesized that acute reduction of endothelial NO would reduce TIE. However, intravital imaging of TIE in mice revealed that reduction of NO by l-NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) enhanced the rate of TIE by ∼30% and increased total extravascular insulin delivery. This accelerated TIE was associated with more rapid insulin-stimulated glucose lowering. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, had no effect on TIE in mice. The effects of l-NAME on TIE were not due to changes in blood pressure alone, as a direct-acting vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine) did not affect TIE. These results demonstrate that acute NO synthase inhibition increases the permeability of capillaries to insulin, leading to an increase in delivery of insulin to SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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104
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Effect of Maternal Exposure to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Reflexive Motor Behaviors in Mice Offspring. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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105
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Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of Maerua angolensis DC (Capparaceae) in Murine. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:6123094. [PMID: 30112161 PMCID: PMC6077359 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6123094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maerua angolensis has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of Maerua angolensis DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg−1) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg−1) on vascular permeability were also evaluated in the acetic acid induced vascular permeability in ICR mice. MAE significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and lung tissue damage in carrageenan induced pleurisy. MAE increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in lung tissues. The extract was also able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues in carrageenan induced rat pleurisy. Vascular permeability was also attenuated by the extract with marked reduction of Evans blue dye leakage in acetic acid induced permeability assay. The results indicated that Maerua angolensis is effective in ameliorating inflammation induced by carrageenan and acetic acid. It also has the potential of increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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106
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Hurmach Y. EFFECT OF INTRACRANIAL CATHETER PLACEMENT ON MICROGLIA METABOLIC PROFILE OF RATS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech11.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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107
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Tafner PFDA, Chen FK, Rabello R, Corrêa TD, Chaves RCDF, Serpa A. Recent advances in bedside microcirculation assessment in critically ill patients. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2018; 29:238-247. [PMID: 28977264 PMCID: PMC5496759 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20170033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parameters related to macrocirculation, such as the mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, mixed venous saturation and central oxygen saturation, are commonly used in the hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients. However, several studies have shown that there is a dissociation between these parameters and the state of microcirculation in this group of patients. Techniques that allow direct viewing of the microcirculation are not completely disseminated, nor are they incorporated into the clinical management of patients in shock. The numerous techniques developed for microcirculation assessment include clinical assessment (e.g., peripheral perfusion index and temperature gradient), laser Doppler flowmetry, tissue oxygen assessment electrodes, videomicroscopy (orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, sidestream dark field imaging or incident dark field illumination) and near infrared spectroscopy. In the near future, the monitoring and optimization of tissue perfusion by direct viewing and microcirculation assessment may become a goal to be achieved in the hemodynamic resuscitation of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Rabello
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Thiago Domingos Corrêa
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Ary Serpa
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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108
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Attia H, Nounou H, Shalaby M. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative DNA Damage, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rat's Brain after Oral Exposure. TOXICS 2018; 6:E29. [PMID: 29861430 PMCID: PMC6027438 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences demonstrated that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) could reach the brain after oral ingestion; however, the "neurotoxicity of" ZnONPs after oral exposure has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to explore the "neurotoxicity of" ZnONPs (.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Howaida Nounou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21111, Egypt.
| | - Manal Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Genetic Engineering City of Scientific Research and biotechnological applications, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21111, Egypt.
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109
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Rocha DMUP, Lopes LL, da Silva A, Oliveira LL, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Orange juice modulates proinflammatory cytokines after high-fat saturated meal consumption. Food Funct 2018; 8:4396-4403. [PMID: 29068453 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the postprandial secretion of inflammatory markers induced by SFA or MUFA high-fat meal consumption and whether orange juice intake could modulate this induction. This study included 55 healthy women (aged 20 to 40 years): 33 participants received an SFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 37.6% of energy intake (E) from SFA) and 22 participants received an MUFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 56.3% E from MUFA). Both interventions were accompanied by 500 ml of orange juice (test) or water (control). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and CRP were determined before (fasting) and 2, 3 and 5 hours after the test meal intake. The SFA high-fat meal induced a significant increase in AUC values (for TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2 adjusted for baseline concentrations) in comparison with MUFA high-fat meal intervention. The results were independent of the drink which accompanied the meal (water or orange juice). Both IL-4 and IL-17A AUC values were significantly increased after an SFA high-fat meal intake, accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. In addition, these values were higher in relation to MUFA high-fat meal interventions. Also, IL-17A significantly increased at 3 h after an SFA high-fat meal intake accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. Overall, our conclusions indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of MUFA compared to SFA high-fat meal intake, while orange juice intake was able to mitigate the subclinical increase of postprandial inflammation, induced by SFA high-fat meal consumption, for a particular biomarker (IL-17A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M U P Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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110
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Mullick M, Sen D. The Delta Opioid Peptide DADLE Represses Hypoxia-Reperfusion Mimicked Stress Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Part by Downregulating the Unfolded Protein Response and ROS along with Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:558-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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111
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Panah F, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Argani H, Asadi Zarmehri M, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S. Ischemic acute kidney injury and klotho in renal transplantation. Clin Biochem 2018; 55:3-8. [PMID: 29608890 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), is a major problem influencing on the short and long term graft and patient survival. Many molecular and cellular modifications are observed during IRI, for example, tissue damage result production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and leukocytes recruitment which are activated by NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway. Therefore, inhibiting these processes can significantly protect renal parenchyma from tissue damage. Klotho protein, mainly produced in distal convoluted tubules (DCT), is an anti-senescence protein. There is increasing evidence to confirm a relationship between Klotho levels and renal allograft function. Many studies have also demonstrated that expression of the Klotho gene would be down regulated with IRI, so it will be used as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury after renal transplantation. Other studies suggest that Klotho may have a renoprotective effect for attenuating of kidney injury. In this review, we will discuss pathophysiology of IRI-induced acute kidney injury and its relation with klotho level in renal transplantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Panah
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi Zarmehri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazari Soltan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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112
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Guazelli CFS, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Zarpelon AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Vicentini FTMC, Vignoli JA, Camilios-Neto D, Georgetti SR, Baracat MM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Quercetin attenuates zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:175-184. [PMID: 29554596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by articular lesions, recruitment of inflammatory cells and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine. The intra-articular administration of zymosan is an experimental model that promotes inflammatory parameters resembling RA. Therefore, this model was used to investigate the efficacy of quercetin as a treatment of articular inflammation. Treatment with quercetin dose-dependently reduced zymosan-induced hyperalgesia, articular edema and the recruitment of neutrophils to the knee joint cavity. Histological analysis confirmed that quercetin inhibited zymosan-induced arthritis. The treatment with quercetin also inhibited zymosan-induced depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, TNFα and IL-1β production, and gp91phox, prepro-endothelin-1 (preproET-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. These molecular effects of quercetin were related to the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B and induction of Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor (Nrf2)/home oxygenase (HO-1) pathway. Thus, quercetin exerted anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant effects in experimental arthritis, suggesting quercetin is a possible candidate for arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla F S Guazelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zarpelon
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Kenji W Ruiz-Miyazawa
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Fabiana T M C Vicentini
- Farmacore Biotecnologia LTDA, Rua Edson Souto, 728, Lagoinha, 14095-250 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane A Vignoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia - Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia - Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas - Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas - Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas - Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil.
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113
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Meegan JE, Yang X, Coleman DC, Jannaway M, Yuan SY. Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28120468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against infection or injury. While neutrophil activation is necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, a hyperactive response can lead to tissue damage and microcirculatory disorders, a process involving complex neutrophil-endothelium cross talk. This review highlights recent research findings about neutrophil-mediated signaling and structural changes, including those induced by neutrophil extracellular traps, which ultimately lead to vascular barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle C Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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114
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Bernard M, Jubeli E, Pungente MD, Yagoubi N. Biocompatibility of polymer-based biomaterials and medical devices – regulations,in vitroscreening and risk-management. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2025-2053. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials play an increasing role in modern health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélisande Bernard
- Paris-Sud University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- EA 401
- “Groupe Matériaux et Santé”
- Paris
| | - Emile Jubeli
- Paris-Sud University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- EA 401
- “Groupe Matériaux et Santé”
- Paris
| | | | - Najet Yagoubi
- Paris-Sud University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- EA 401
- “Groupe Matériaux et Santé”
- Paris
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115
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Chen C, Peng S, Chen F, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PIO, a synthetic ligand for PPARγ, is used clinically to treat T2DM. However, little is known about its protective effects on endothelium and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of PIO on endothelium and its probable mechanisms: 95% confluent wild type (WT) HUVECs and PPARγLow-HUVECs that we first injured with HG (33 mmol·L–1) were first pretreated with 10 μmol·L–1 of GW9662 for 30 min, and then treated the cells with different concentrations of PIO (5, 10, or 20 μmol·L–1) for 24 h. Finally, we measured the levels of NO, ET1, TNFα, and IL6 in the cell culture supernatant. These cells were then used to determine cell viability, caspase3 activity, the levels of IKKα/β mRNA, IKKα/β, and NFκB-p65. Severe dysfunction and activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling occurred after we exposed HUVECs to HG. Conversely, treatment with PIO significantly attenuated the dysfunction and the activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of PIO were completely abrogated by GW9662 or down-regulation of PPARγ. Taken together, the results indicate that PIO protects HUVECs against the HG-induced dysfunction through the inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Peng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhouxue Li
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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116
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Weitnauer M, Petry A, BelAiba R, Görlach A. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxyde synthase increases capillary formation via Rac1-dependent induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:849-62. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-04-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryDisruption of endothelial homeostasis results in endothelial dysfunction, characterised by a dysbalance between nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels often accompanied by a prothrombotic and proproliferative state. The serine protease thrombin not only is instrumental in formation of the fibrin clot, but also exerts direct effects on the vessel wall by activating proliferative and angiogenic responses. In endothelial cells, thrombin can induce NO as well as ROS levels. However, the relative contribution of these reactive species to the angiogenic response towards thrombin is not completely clear. Since plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a direct target of the proangiogenic transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), exerts prothrombotic and proangiogenic activities we investigated the role of ROS and NO in the regulation of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and capillary formation in response to thrombin. Thrombin enhanced the formation of NO as well as ROS generation involving the GTPase Rac1 in endothelial cells. Rac1-dependent ROS formation promoted induction of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and capillary formation by thrombin, while NO reduced ROS bioavailability and subsequently limited induction of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and the angiogenic response. Importantly, thrombin activation of Rac1 was diminished by NO, but enhanced by ROS. Thus, our findings show that capillary formation induced by thrombin via Rac1-dependent activation of HIF-1 and PAI-1 is limited by the concomitant release of NO which reduced ROS bioavailability. Rac1 activity is sensitive to ROS and NO, thereby playing an essential role in fine tuning the endothelial response to thrombin.
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Akinmoladun AC, Saliu IO, Olowookere BD, Ojo OB, Olaleye MT, Farombi EO, Akindahunsi AA. Improvement of 2-Vessel Occlusion Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion-Induced Corticostriatal Electrolyte and Redox Imbalance, Lactic Acidosis and Modified Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Kolaviron Correlates with Reduction in Neurobehavioural Deficits. Ann Neurosci 2017; 25:53-62. [PMID: 29887685 DOI: 10.1159/000484517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disruption of electrolyte, redox and neurochemical homeostasis alongside cellular energy crisis is a hallmark of cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Purpose This study investigated the effect of kolaviron (KV) on cortical and striatal cation imbalance, oxidative stress and neurochemical disturbances as well as neurobehavioural deficits in animals subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)-induced ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Methods KV was administered at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg to male Wistar rats 1 h before a 30 min BCCAO/4 h reperfusion (I/R). This was followed by neurobehavioral assessment and biochemical evaluations of cation levels, oxidative stress indicators, lactate dehydrogenase activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain of animals. Conclusion KV significantly restored altered cortical and striatal Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+ levels, ameliorated redox imbalance, lactic acidosis and modified AChE activity caused by I/R injury. The favourable neurobehavioural effects of KV correlated with biochemical outcomes. The pharmacological potential of KV in the treatment and management of ischemic stroke and allied pathological conditions via multiple targets (neurotransmitter metabolism, bioenergetic failure and ionic homeostasis) is highlighted by the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Boyede Dele Olowookere
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Kaur T, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:201. [PMID: 29025435 PMCID: PMC5639730 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemic of obesity has reached alarming levels in both developing and developed nations. Excessive calorie intake and sedentary lifestyle due to technological advancements are the main causal factors for overweight and obesity among the human population. Obesity has been associated with a number of co-morbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration and dementia. The progression of neurological disorders in obese subjects has been mainly attributed to neuroinflammation. Withania somnifera has been used in numerous Ayurvedic formulations owing to its wide array of health-promoting properties. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis whether dry leaf powder of W. somnifera has anxiolytic and anti-neuroinflammatory potential in diet-induced obesity. Methods Young adult female rats were divided into four groups: low fat diet group (LFD) fed with regular chow feed, high fat diet group (HFD) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight, low fat diet plus extract group (LFDE) fed with regular chow feed supplemented with dry leaf powder of W. somnifera 1 mg/g of body weight (ASH), and high fat diet plus extract group (HFDE) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight and supplemented with ASH. All the animals were kept on respective feeding regimen for 12 weeks; following which, the animals were tested for their anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze test. The animals were sacrificed and used to study various inflammatory markers such as GFAP, Iba1, PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and various markers of NF-κB pathway by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Serum levels of leptin, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also assayed. Results ASH treated rats showed less anxiety levels as compared to HFD animals. At molecular level, ASH ameliorated the HFD-induced reactive gliosis and microgliosis and suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers such as PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further, ASH ameliorated leptin and insulin resistance and prevented HFD-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Dry leaf powder of W. somnifera may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with obesity and may prevent its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion therapy-What's with the obstructed, leaky and broken capillaries? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:213-228. [PMID: 29102280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is well established as an early and rate-determining factor in the injury response of tissues to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Severe endothelial cell dysfunction, which can develop without obvious morphological cell injury, is a major underlying cause of the microvascular abnormalities that accompany I/R. While I/R-induced microvascular dysfunction is manifested in different ways, two responses that have received much attention in both the experimental and clinical setting are impaired capillary perfusion (no-reflow) and endothelial barrier failure with a transition to hemorrhage. These responses are emerging as potentially important determinants of the severity of the tissue injury response, and there is growing clinical evidence that they are predictive of clinical outcome following reperfusion therapy. This review provides a summary of animal studies that have focused on the mechanisms that may underlie the genesis of no-reflow and hemorrhage following reperfusion of ischemic tissues, and addresses the clinical evidence that implicates these vascular events in the responses of the ischemic brain (stroke) and heart (myocardial infarction) to reperfusion therapy. Inasmuch as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are frequently invoked as triggers of the microvascular dysfunction elicited by I/R, the potential roles and sources of these mediators are also discussed. The available evidence in the literature justifies the increased interest in the development of no-reflow and hemorrhage in heart and brain following reperfusion therapy, and suggests that these vascular events may be predictive of poor clinical outcome and warrant the development of targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zwart SR, Gibson CR, Gregory JF, Mader TH, Stover PJ, Zeisel SH, Smith SM. Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome. FASEB J 2017; 31:3746-3756. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Zwart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | | | - Jesse F. Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Patrick J. Stover
- Division of Nutritional SciencesCornell University, IthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Nutrition Research InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillKannapolisNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Scott M. Smith
- Human Health and Performance DirectorateNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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Vélez C, Soto J, Ríos K, Silva L, Hernandez W, Rivera LA, Ortiz-Colón AI, Cox O, Zayas B. Toxicity and Apoptosis Related Effects of Benzimidazo [3,2-α] Quinolinium Salts Upon Human Lymphoma Cells. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:54-65. [PMID: 28761559 PMCID: PMC5510565 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluates novel cationic quinoline derivatives known as benzimidazo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts (BQS) named NBQ-48 and ABQ-48 that have structural similarities to known anti-cancer substances such as ellipticine and berberine. METHODS Toledo human lymphoma (ATCC CRL2631) cells were treated for 24 to 48 hours. Apoptosis related endpoints such as cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial damage, RNS and ROS generation and the activity of several apoptosis related proteins such as caspases and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were studied using fluorescence staining and western blot respectively. RESULTS Results indicated a higher toxicity from the amino substituted ABQ-48 versus the NBQ-48 (GI50's of 50uM versus 100uM respectively). Both compounds induced cell death through various apoptosis related endpoints including a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential with an increase in ROS and activation of the effector caspase 3. Interestingly, AIF release was observed on cells treated with the amino substituted ABQ-48 but not on the nitro substituted NBQ-48 samples suggesting a caspase independent mechanism for ABQ-48. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained presents the toxic effects of two novel benzimidazo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts in human lymphoma tumor cells. The identified mechanism of action includes multiple apoptosis related effects. Furthermore the data presents a clear variation in caspase dependent or independent mechanism for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vélez
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jessica Soto
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Karoline Ríos
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luz Silva
- Institute of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences Research of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Wigberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis A Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ana I Ortiz-Colón
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Osvaldo Cox
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Beatriz Zayas
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Vaos G, Zavras N. Antioxidants in experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury of the testis: Where are we heading towards? World J Methodol 2017; 7:37-45. [PMID: 28706858 PMCID: PMC5489422 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion (TT) is a medical emergency that primary affects newborns and young adolescents. It causes testicular injury due to the torsion of the spermatic cord and its components, initially in the venous blood flow and finally in the arterial blood flow. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical management are necessary in managing this urgent situation. The process of the pathophysiological events in ischemia-reperfusion is multifactorial and deals with the perception of the oxidative stress responsible for the consequences of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) stress following TT. Duration and severity of torsion also play a significant role in the oxidative stress. A detrimental result of the defense system of the testes takes place resulting finally in testicular atrophy and impaired function. Antioxidant factors have been experimentally studied in an effort to front this state. They have been classified as endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Endogenous antioxidants comprise a structure of enzymic enzymatic and non-enzymic enzymatic particles presented within cytoplasm and numerous other subunits in the cells. Exogenous antioxidants include a variety of natural and pharmaceutical agents that may prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of I/R injury. In this study we review those factors and their ability to enhance the oxidative status of the testis. A feature insight into where we are heading is attempted.
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Kang SJ, Choi BR, Kim SH, Yi HY, Park HR, Song CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Beneficial effects of dried pomegranate juice concentrated powder on ultraviolet B-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1023-1036. [PMID: 28810554 PMCID: PMC5525583 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-aging effects of pomegranate juice concentrated powder (PCP) in hairless mice following 15 weeks of UVB irradiation (three times a week; 0.18 J/cm2). Skin moisturizing effects were evaluated through skin water, collagen type I and hyaluronan contents, as well as collagen type I and hyaluronan synthesis-related transcript levels. Wrinkle formation and edema scores (skin weights) were also assessed, along with skin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9 and MMP-13 transcript levels. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of PCP, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 contents were observed. Caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were used as an apoptotic index in epidermal keratinocytes. To determine the anti-oxidative effects of PCP, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal immunoreactive cells were detected and glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde levels, superoxide anion production, Nox2, and GSH reductase mRNA expression were all measured. The results indicated that skin wrinkles induced by photoaging were significantly reduced by PCP, whereas skin water contents, collagen type I and hyaluronan contents all increased. Furthermore, IL-1β levels in the PCP-treated groups were lower than those in the UVB-exposed control group. UVB-induced GSH depletion was also inhibited by PCP. Taken together, the results of the current study suggest that PCP has favorable protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging through anti-apoptotic effects, MMP activity inhibition and ECM (COL1 and hyaluronan) synthesis-related moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeon Yi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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Gabriele M, Frassinetti S, Caltavuturo L, Montero L, Dinelli G, Longo V, Di Gioia D, Pucci L. Citrus bergamia powder: Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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125
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Jin Y, Wu W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Ge G, Ba Y, Guo Q, Gao T, Chi X, Hao H, Wang J, Feng F. Involvement of EGF receptor signaling and NLRP12 inflammasome in fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1121-1134. [PMID: 27377055 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) is associated with respiratory diseases. Lung inflammation is a central feature of many pulmonary diseases, which can be induced by PM2.5 exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying PM2.5 -induced lung inflammation remain unclear. To characterize the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inflammasome in PM2.5 -induced lung inflammation in mice, 30 BALB/c mice were intrabroncheally instilled with saline and PM2.5 suspension (4.0 mg/kg b.w.) for 5 consecutive days, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted and BAL fluid (BALF) was collected. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), CXCL1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in BALF were determined using ELISA. mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, CXCL1, IL-10, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and NLRP12 in lung tissues were determined by RT-PCR. Phospho-EGFR (Tyr1068) and phospho-Akt (Thr308) in lung tissues were examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of Caspase-1, NLRP3, NF-κB-p52/p100, and NF-κB-p65 in bronchial epithelium were examined using immunohistochemical staining. It was shown that PM2.5 exposure induced lung inflammation. Levels of total protein, ROS, iNOS, EGF, and CXCL1 and cell number in the BALF of mice exposed to PM2.5 were markedly elevated relative to the control. mRNA levels of CXCL1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in lung tissues of PM2.5 -exposed mice were increased in comparison with the control. However, level of NLRP12 mRNA in lung tissues of PM2.5 -exposed mice was reduced. Phospho-EGFR (Tyr1068) and phospho-Akt (Thr308) levels in the lungs of PM2.5 -instilled mice were higher than those in the lungs of the control. The protein levels of NF-κB-p52/p100 and NF-κB-p65 in bronchial epithelium of PM2.5 -exposed mice were also increased compared with the control. This study suggests that EGF-EGFR-Akt-NF-κB signaling and NLRP12 inflammasome may be associated with PM2.5 -induced lung inflammation in mice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1121-1134, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyin Ge
- Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuejing Chi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiyun Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Khoyetsyan A, Kacimi R, Tsakanova G, Boyajyan A, Arakelyan A, Yenari MA. Activated complement protein C5a does not affect brain-derived endothelial cell viability and zonula occludens-1 levels following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Brain Circ 2017; 3:14-20. [PMID: 30276299 PMCID: PMC6126234 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic brain injury induces both functional and structural disarray affecting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which in return aggravates stroke outcomes. Complement system and its bioactive proteins are important molecular responders to ischemia. C5a protein along with its receptor C5a receptor 1 is a key component of this system with potent pro-inflammatory and chemoattractant properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of C5a protein and its receptor which are believed to participate in the inflammatory response that follows ischemic insult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To mimic an ischemic in vivo event in which C5a may contact brain endothelial cells after injury, we studied oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reperfusion in brain microvascular endothelial cells (b.End. 3) by only added C5a at the time of reperfusion. Cell death and viability were estimated by trypan blue and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, respectively. Tight junction protein zonula occluden (ZO-1) levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis, and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed using the Griess reagent. RESULTS: Brain-derived endothelial cell was susceptible to OGD-induced injury in a duration-dependent manner as was the presence of ZO-1 protein. However, the addition of C5a protein had no notable effects even when used at high concentrations up to 100 nM. While OGD led to reduction in ZO-1 protein levels, no change was seen following the addition of C5a. Finally, OGD led unexpectedly to small decreases in NO generation, but this was again unaltered by C5a. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that complement system protein C5a may not have a direct role in the disruption of BBB, following brain ischemia. This is in contrary with previous literature that suggests a possible role of this protein in the inflammatory response to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren Khoyetsyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rachid Kacimi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, USA.,The San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gohar Tsakanova
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Boyajyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, USA.,The San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Paricalcitol Pretreatment Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Prostaglandin E 2 Receptor EP4 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5031926. [PMID: 28465762 PMCID: PMC5390586 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5031926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective mechanism of paricalcitol remains unclear in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We investigated the renoprotective effects of paricalcitol in IR injury through the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP4. Paricalcitol was injected into IR-exposed HK-2 cells and mice subjected to bilateral kidney ischemia for 23 min and reperfusion for 24 hr. Paricalcitol prevented IR-induced cell death and EP4 antagonist cotreatment offset these protective effects. Paricalcitol increased phosphorylation of Akt and cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in IR-exposed cells and cotreatment of EP4 antagonist or EP4 small interfering RNA blunted these signals. In vivo studies showed that paricalcitol improved renal dysfunction and tubular necrosis after IR injury and cotreatment with EP4 antagonist inhibited the protective effects of paricalcitol. Phosphorylation of Akt was increased and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB was decreased in paricalcitol-treated mice with IR injury, which was reversed by EP4 blockade. Paricalcitol decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal IR injury. Paricalcitol also attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines after IR injury. EP4 antagonist abolished these antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The EP4 plays a pivotal role in the protective effects of paricalcitol in renal IR injury.
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Rocha DM, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HH. The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:157-168. [PMID: 28076613 PMCID: PMC9977342 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.008607072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diet is an important modifiable factor involved in obesity-induced inflammation. We reviewed clinical trials that assessed the effect of consumption of different fatty acids on the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as cytokines, adipokines, chemokines and transcription factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review study conducted at a research center. METHODS: This was a review on the effect of fat intake on inflammatory gene expression in humans. RESULTS: Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was related to postprandial upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. In addition, acute intake of a high-SFA meal also induced a postprandial pro-inflammatory response for several inflammatory genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both high-MUFA and high-PUFA diets showed anti-inflammatory profiles, or at least a less pronounced pro-inflammatory response than did SFA consumption. However, the results concerning the best substitute for SFAs were divergent because of the large variability in doses of MUFA (20% to 72% of energy intake) and n3 PUFA (0.4 g to 23.7% of energy intake) used in interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of the diet can modulate the genes relating to postprandial and long-term inflammation in PBMCs and adipose tissue. Identifying the optimal fat profile for inflammatory control may be a promising approach for treating chronic diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mayumi Rocha
- RD, MSc. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- RD, MSc, PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Hermsdorff
- RD, MSc, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
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Adewoyin M, Ibrahim M, Roszaman R, Isa MLM, Alewi NAM, Rafa AAA, Anuar MNN. Male Infertility: The Effect of Natural Antioxidants and Phytocompounds on Seminal Oxidative Stress. Diseases 2017; 5:E9. [PMID: 28933362 PMCID: PMC5456340 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective sperm function has been identified as the most common cause of infertility. The objective of this study was to review recent findings on the effects of various antioxidants on male fertility. High amounts of poly unsaturated fatty acid are found in the mammalian spermatozoa membranes, thereby making them susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Although, free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in reproduction, they are strongly associated with oxidative stress. Furthermore, factors such as obesity, inflammation, pollutants and cigarette smoking are negatively correlated with spermatogenesis. Endogenous antioxidants system exists to mediate these damages. In a normal physiological state, the seminal plasma contains antioxidant enzyme mechanism that is capable of quenching these ROS as well as protecting the spermatozoa against any likely damage. However, high level of ROS triggered by inflammatory cells and oxidation of fatty acid in obese subjects may down play antioxidant mechanism resulting in oxidative stress. Evaluation of such oxidative stress is the first step in the treatment of male infertility through administration of suitable antioxidant. Notably, antioxidant such as vitamin E and C, carotenoids and carnitine have been found beneficial in restoring a balance between ROS generation and scavenging activities. There are emerging evidences that herbal products can also boost male reproductive functions. Nonetheless, a good lifestyle, regular exercise, avoidance of stress and observing safety rules at work are habits that can reverse male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Adewoyin
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Ramli Roszaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Jalan, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Lokman Md Isa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Campus, 25100 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Aizura Mat Alewi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Ainin Azwani Abdul Rafa
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nur Nasyriq Anuar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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130
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Pegoraro NS, Barbieri AV, Camponogara C, Mattiazzi J, Brum ES, Marchiori MC, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Nanoencapsulation of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate protects against UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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131
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Borges JP, da Silva Verdoorn K. Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: The Beneficial Effects of Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:155-179. [PMID: 29022263 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when the myocardium is revascularized after an episode of limited or absent blood supply. Many changes, including free radical production, calcium overload, protease activation, altered membrane lipids and leukocyte activation, contribute to IRI-induced myocardium damage. Aerobic exercise is the only countermeasure against IRI that can be sustained on a regular basis in clinical practice. Interestingly, both short-term (3-5 days) and long-term (several weeks) exercise increase myocardial tolerance, reduce infarct size area and arrhythmias induced by IRI. Exercise protects the heart against IRI in a biphasic manner. The early phase of cardioprotection occurs between 30 min and 3 h following an acute exercise bout, whilst the late phase is achieved within 24 h after the exercise bout and persists for several days. As for the exercise intensity, although controversial data exists, it is feasible that the amount of cardioprotection is proportional to exercise intensity and only achieved above a critical threshold. It is known that aerobic exercise produces a cardioprotective phenotype, however the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unclear. Apparently, aerobic exercise-induced preconditioning is dependent on several factors that work together to protect the heart. Altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increased levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), enhanced function of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, increased activation of opioids system, and enhanced antioxidant capacity may contribute to exercise-induced cardioprotection. Much has been discovered from animal models involving exercise-induced cardioprotection against cardiac IRI, however translating these findings to clinical practice still represents the major challenge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pereira Borges
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gao F, Lucke-Wold BP, Li X, Logsdon AF, Xu LC, Xu S, LaPenna KB, Wang H, Talukder MAH, Siedlecki CA, Huber JD, Rosen CL, He P. Reduction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Increases the Adhesiveness of Constitutive Endothelial Membrane ICAM-1 through Src-Mediated Phosphorylation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1124. [PMID: 29367846 PMCID: PMC5768177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a known anti-adhesive molecule that prevents platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). The mechanism has been attributed to its role in the regulation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and the adhesive properties of platelets. Our previous study conducted in rat venules found that reduction of EC basal NO synthesis caused EC ICAM-1-mediated firm adhesion of leukocytes within 10-30 min. This quick response occurred in the absence of alterations of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and also opposes the classical pattern of ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion that requires protein synthesis and occurs hours after stimulation. The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of reduced basal NO-induced EC-mediated rapid leukocyte adhesion observed in intact microvessels. The relative levels of ICAM-1 at different cell regions and their activation status were determined with cellular fractionation and western blot using cultured human umbilical vein ECs. ICAM-1 adhesiveness was determined by immunoprecipitation in non-denatured proteins to assess the changes in ICAM-1 binding to its inhibitory antibody, mAb1A29, and antibody against total ICAM-1 with and without NO reduction. The adhesion strength of EC ICAM-1 was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on live cells. Results showed that reduction of EC basal NO caused by the application of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (AP-CAV) or NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, for 30 min significantly increased phosphorylated ICAM-1 and its binding to mAb1A29 in the absence of altered ICAM-1 expression and its distribution at subcellular regions. The Src inhibitor, PP1, inhibited NO reduction-induced increases in ICAM-1 phosphorylation and adhesive binding. AFM detected significant increases in the binding force between AP-CAV-treated ECs and mAb1A29-coated probes. These results demonstrated that reduced EC basal NO lead to a rapid increase in ICAM-1 adhesive binding via Src-mediated phosphorylation without de novo protein synthesis and translocation. This study suggests that a NO-dependent conformational change of constitutive EC membrane ICAM-1 might be the mechanism of rapid ICAM-1 dependent leukocyte adhesion observed in vivo. This new mechanistic insight provides a better understanding of EC/leukocyte interaction-mediated vascular inflammation under many disease conditions that encounter reduced basal NO in the circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - M. A. Hassan Talukder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jason D. Huber
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pingnian He
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Anzoise ML, Marrassini C, Bach H, Gorzalczany S. Beneficial properties of Passiflora caerulea on experimental colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:137-145. [PMID: 27596328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Passiflora caerulea L. (Passifloraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine in South America for different pathologies associated with the gastrointestinal tract. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the activity of the ethanolic extract of P. caerulea on an experimental colitis model related to inflammatory bowel disease has been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of a 2mL of 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution. Macroscopic scoring, myeloperoxidase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were evaluated on isolated colon mucosae. The histopathological studies of colon mucosae were performed by hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue staining. Diarrhoea was induced by the administration of castor oil (0.3mL/mouse). The first watery defecation time, the total amount of solid, semi-solid and watery stools and the amount of watery stools were determined. The effect of the extract on a cumulative concentration-response curve of acetylcholine and CaCl2 on isolated rat jejunum was also evaluated. The phytochemical analysis was performed. RESULTS The extract (250mg/kg, p.o.) induced a significant reduction in the weight/length ratio, the macroscopic lesion score, TBARS levels and the microscopic tissue damage when compared with the acetic acid-treated group of animals. P. caerulea (125mg/kg, p.o.) decreased significantly the amount of watery stools in the castor oil-induced-diarrhoea model. Moreover, the P. caerulea extract antagonized the jejunum contractions induced by Ach (Emax for 0.3mg/mL: 76.25%; Emax for 1mg/mL: 63.47%; Emax for 3mg/mL: 42.01%) and CaCl2 (Emax for 0.3mg/mL: 75.69%; Emax for1 mg/mL: 56.1%; Emax for 3mg/mL: 53.4%). Isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and vicenin-2 were identified in the extract. CONCLUSION P. caerulea showed anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal and spasmolityc activities on preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Anzoise
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacología, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Marrassini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia,IQUIMEFA, CONICET, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Bach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacobotánica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Gorzalczany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacología, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kaur T, Singh H, Mishra R, Manchanda S, Gupta M, Saini V, Sharma A, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and immunomodulatory agent in acute sleep deprived female Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:91-101. [PMID: 28004351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a profound regulator of cellular immunity, and the curtailment of sleep in present day lifestyle leads to disruption of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions. No therapeutic remedy is yet known for the amelioration of detrimental effects caused by sleep deprivation (SD). The current study was aimed to elucidate the effects of acute SD on immune function and its modulation by water extract from leaves of Withania somnifera (ASH-WEX). Three groups of animals, i.e. Vehicle-Undisturbed sleep (VUD), Vehicle-Sleep deprived (VSD) and ASH-WEX fed sleep deprived (WSD) rats were tested for their anxiety-like behaviour and further used for the study of inflammatory and apoptotic markers expression in piriform cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain. VSD animals showed high level of anxiety in elevated plus maze test, which was ameliorated in WSD group. The stress induced expression of inflammatory and immune response markers GFAP, TNFα, IL-6, OX-18 and OX-42 in VSD animals was found to be modulated by ASH-WEX. Further, the stress induced apoptosis was suppressed in WSD group as indicated by expression of NF-κB, AP-1, Bcl-xL and Cytochrome c. This study provides scientific validation to the anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of ASH-WEX, which may serve as an effective dietary supplement for management of SD induced stress and associated functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaffi Manchanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Preventive effect of l-carnitine and its derivatives on endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 15:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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137
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Vnukov VV, Krolevets IV, Panina SB, Milutina NP, Ananyan AA, Sagakyants AB, Zabrodin MA. Gene polymorphism and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057016030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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138
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Li CY, Meng YH, Ying ZM, Xu N, Hao D, Gao MZ, Zhang WJ, Xu L, Gao YC, Ying XX. Three Novel Alkaloids from Portulaca oleracea L. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5837-5844. [PMID: 27396870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel carbon skeleton alkaloids, named oleracimine (1), oleracimine A (2), and oleracone A (3), with one novel azulene carbon skeleton compound, oleracone B (4), and one known compound, β-carboline (5), were first isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. In addition, oleracimine (1) was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that oleracimine (1) remarkably inhibited nitric oxide production and could dose-dependently decrease the secretions of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in cell culture supernatants as well as the mRNA of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Ying
- School of the First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhe Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, People's Republic of China
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139
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Yang F, Suo Y, Chen D, Tong L. Protection against vascular endothelial dysfunction by polyphenols in sea buckthorn berries in rats with hyperlipidemia. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:188-96. [PMID: 27237219 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperlipemia increases the incidence of vascular endothelial dysfunction and can even induce cardiovascular disease. Sea buckthorn contains a host of bioactives such as flavonoids and polyphenols that can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. The current study isolated active ingredients, polyphenols, from sea buckthorn berries (SVP) and orally administered SVP at a dose of 7-28 mg/kg. This treatment significantly reduced serum lipids, it enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and it decreased the level of serum TNF-α and IL-6. SVP also alleviate vascular impairment by decreasing the expression of eNOS, ICAM-1, and LOX-1 mRNA and proteins in aortas of rats with hyperlipidemia. Based on these findings, SVP has antioxidant action and it protects endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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140
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Xiang Y, Zhao H, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu A, Chen Y. Inflammatory mechanisms involved in brain injury following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:11-17. [PMID: 27330748 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of fatality and long-term disability worldwide. Recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have improved survival rates; however, the survivors are prone to severe neurological injury subsequent to successful CPR following CA. Effective therapeutic options to protect the brain from CA remain limited, due to the complexities of the injury cascades caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Although the precise mechanisms of neurological impairment following CA-initiated I/R injury require further clarification, evidence supports that one of the key cellular pathways of cerebral injury is inflammation. The inflammatory response is orchestrated by activated glial cells in response to I/R injury. Increased release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules and cellular dysfunction in activated microglia and astrocytes contribute to ischemia-induced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory cytokines generation, and ultimately to delayed death of neurons. Furthermore, cytokines and adhesion molecules generated within activated microglia, as well as astrocytes, are involved in the innate immune response; modulate influx of peripheral immune and inflammatory cells into the brain, resulting in neurological injury. The present review discusses the molecular aspects of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in global cerebral I/R injury following CA and CPR, and the potential therapeutic strategies that target neuroinflammation and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Luetao Zhang
- Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Anchang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Fattori V, Zarpelon AC, Borghi SM, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Carvalho TT, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation in the paw skin and spinal cord by targeting NF-κB and oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:97-107. [PMID: 27160222 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in superoxide anion-induced inflammatory pain. Male Swiss mice were treated with PDTC and stimulated with an intraplantar or intraperitoneal injection of potassium superoxide, a superoxide anion donor. Subcutaneous PDTC treatment attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw oedema and leukocyte recruitment (neutrophils and macrophages). Intraplantar injection of superoxide anion activated NF-κB and increased cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10) and oxidative stress (nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels) at the primary inflammatory foci and in the spinal cord (L4-L6). PDTC treatment inhibited superoxide anion-induced NF-κB activation, cytokine production and oxidative stress in the paw and spinal cord. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of PDTC successfully inhibited superoxide anion-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia and inflammatory response in peripheral foci (paw). These results suggest that peripheral stimulus with superoxide anion activates the local and spinal cord oxidative- and NF-κB-dependent inflammatory nociceptive mechanisms. PDTC targets these events, therefore, inhibiting superoxide anion-induced inflammatory pain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zarpelon
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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142
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Granger DN, Holm L, Kvietys P. The Gastrointestinal Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1541-83. [PMID: 26140727 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) circulation receives a large fraction of cardiac output and this increases following ingestion of a meal. While blood flow regulation is not the intense phenomenon noted in other vascular beds, the combined responses of blood flow, and capillary oxygen exchange help ensure a level of tissue oxygenation that is commensurate with organ metabolism and function. This is evidenced in the vascular responses of the stomach to increased acid production and in intestine during periods of enhanced nutrient absorption. Complimenting the metabolic vasoregulation is a strong myogenic response that contributes to basal vascular tone and to the responses elicited by changes in intravascular pressure. The GI circulation also contributes to a mucosal defense mechanism that protects against excessive damage to the epithelial lining following ingestion of toxins and/or noxious agents. Profound reductions in GI blood flow are evidenced in certain physiological (strenuous exercise) and pathological (hemorrhage) conditions, while some disease states (e.g., chronic portal hypertension) are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. The sacrificial nature of GI blood flow is essential for ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during periods of whole body stress. The restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) to GI organs following ischemia elicits an exaggerated tissue injury response that reflects the potential of this organ system to generate reactive oxygen species and to mount an inflammatory response. Human and animal studies of inflammatory bowel disease have also revealed a contribution of the vasculature to the initiation and perpetuation of the tissue inflammation and associated injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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143
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Oxidative Stress in Children with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3831071. [PMID: 27127547 PMCID: PMC4834172 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3831071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has not been fully understood; nevertheless, significant progress has been achieved in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of CSU. Sixty-two children with CSU and 41 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. An extensive evaluation of demographic and clinical features was done, and serum oxidative stress was evaluated by plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) measurements. The median value of plasma TOS was found to be 10.49 μmol H2O2 equiv./L (interquartile range, 7.29–17.65) in CSU patients and 7.68 μmol H2O2 equiv./L (5.95–10.39) in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Likewise, the median plasma TAS level in the CSU group was decreased significantly compared to that of the control group (2.64 [2.30–2.74] versus 2.76 [2.65–2.86] mmol Trolox equiv./L, resp., p = 0,001). Our results indicated that plasma oxidative stress is increased in children with CSU when compared to healthy subjects, and plasma oxidative stress markers are positively correlated with disease activity.
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144
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Meng Y, Ying Z, Xiang Z, Hao D, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Gao Y, Ying X. The anti-inflammation and pharmacokinetics of a novel alkaloid from Portulaca oleracea L. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:397-405. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of a novel alkaloid, 6-acetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyrrol-8(1H)-one, named oleracone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and to examine the anti-inflammatory ability with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages.
Methods
The novel alkaloid, oleracone, was isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS, 2D NMR spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The activity of anti-inflammation was assayed via the test with RAW 264.7 activated by LPS, and the pharmacokinetics of oleracone in rat plasma after intravenous and oral administration at dose of 2.5 mg/kg was, respectively, investigated by a rapid and sensitive ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method with bergapten as internal standard.
Key findings
Oleracone was a novel alkaloid first isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. and possessed unique structure in natural products, whose anti-inflammatory effecting on nitrite oxide production and several pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines was found at the concentration of 50 μm, and the pharmacokinetic results indicated that oleracone was rapidly distributed with Tmax of 15.7 min after oral administration and presented a higher oral absolute bioavailability to be 74.91 ± 10.7%.
Conclusions
Oleracone as novel alkaloid presented remarkably anti-inflammatory effect, which was rapid distributed in rat with high bioavailability of 74.91 ± 10.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Zheming Ying
- First Clinical School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Center of Research on Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yucong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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145
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Lejay A, Fang F, John R, Van JA, Barr M, Thaveau F, Chakfe N, Geny B, Scholey JW. Ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemic conditioning and diabetes mellitus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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146
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Sun P, Liu J, Li W, Xu X, Gu X, Li H, Han H, Du C, Wang H. Human endometrial regenerative cells attenuate renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:28. [PMID: 26822150 PMCID: PMC4730626 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) is an attractive novel type of adult mesenchymal stem cells that can be non-invasively obtained from menstrual blood and are easily replicated at a large scale without tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that ERCs exhibit unique immunoregulatory properties in experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of ERCs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) were examined. METHODS Renal IRI in C57BL/6 mice was induced by clipping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 48 h. ERCs were isolated from healthy female menstrual blood, and were injected (1 million/mouse, i.v.) into mice 2 h prior to IRI induction. Renal function, pathological and immunohistological changes, cell populations and cytokine profiles were evaluated after 48 h of renal reperfusion. RESULTS Here, we showed that as compared to untreated controls, administration of ERCs effectively prevented renal damage after IRI, indicated by better renal function and less pathological changes, which were associated with increased serum levels of IL-4, but decreased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. Also, ERC-treated mice displayed significantly less splenic and renal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations, while the percentage of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and infiltrating M2 macrophages in the kidneys were significantly increased in ERC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the novel anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of ERCs are associated with attenuation of renal IRI, suggesting that the unique features of ERCs may make them a promising candidate for cell therapies in the treatment of ischemic acute kidney injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiangying Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - HongYue Li
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongqiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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Senapati VA, Kumar A, Gupta GS, Pandey AK, Dhawan A. ZnO nanoparticles induced inflammatory response and genotoxicity in human blood cells: A mechanistic approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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148
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Propionyl-L-Carnitine Enhances Wound Healing and Counteracts Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140697. [PMID: 26473356 PMCID: PMC4608702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing represents a high cost for health care systems. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes dermal microangiopathy and contributes to delayed wound healing and chronic ulcers. Endothelial dysfunction impairs cutaneous microvascular blood flow by inducing an imbalance between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction as a consequence of reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is a natural derivative of carnitine that has been reported to ameliorate post-ischemic blood flow recovery. Methods and Results We investigated the effects of PLC in rat skin flap and cutaneous wound healing. A daily oral PLC treatment improved skin flap viability and associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO up-regulation, accelerated wound healing and increased capillary density, likely favoring dermal angiogenesis by up-regulation for iNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and reduction of NADPH-oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression. In serum-deprived human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures, PLC ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by increasing iNOS, PlGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 expression and NO level. In addition, PLC counteracted serum deprivation-induced impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation, Nox4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, ROS generation and leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, dermal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction was prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Interestingly, inhibition of β-oxidation counteracted the beneficial effects of PLC on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion PLC treatment improved rat skin flap viability, accelerated wound healing and dermal angiogenesis. The beneficial effects of PLC likely derived from improvement of mitochondrial β-oxidation and reduction of Nox4-mediated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapy and pharmacological targeting of endothelial dysfunction may represent a promising tool for the treatment of delayed wound healing or chronic ulcers.
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149
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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150
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Ferulic acid inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of the NADPH oxidase and NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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