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Pellecchia MT, Picillo M, Russillo MC, De Pandis MF, Bonizzoni E, Marjanovic I, Cattaneo C. Efficacy of Safinamide and Gender Differences During Routine Clinical Practice. Front Neurol 2022; 12:756304. [PMID: 34970207 PMCID: PMC8712933 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.756304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence of gender differences in the epidemiology and clinical manifestation of both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, few data are available on gender differences in the response to antiparkinsonian drugs. Safinamide is a multimodal drug with positive effects on motor and non-motor fluctuations that might improve patients' care and quality of life. Objective: To analyze gender differences on clinical effects of safinamide in PD patients treated in real-life conditions during the SYNAPSES trial. Methods: SYNAPSES was a multinational, multicenter, observational study. At baseline, patients with PD diagnosis received safinamide as an add-on to levodopa and were followed up for 12 months, with visits performed every 4 months. A new statistical analysis was performed to describe the efficacy of safinamide in men and women on motor complications, motor symptoms, and adverse events. Results: Six hundred and sixteen (38%) out of 1,610 patients enrolled in the SYNAPSES study were women and 994 (62%) men. Safinamide improved motor symptoms and motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesia) in both genders, with a good safety profile and without requiring any change in the concomitant dopaminergic therapy. Clinically significant improvements, according to the criteria developed by Shulman et al., were seen in 46% of male and female patients for the UPDRS motor score and 43.5% of men vs. 39.1% of women for the UPDRS total score. Conclusions: Safinamide was effective in improving motor fluctuations and dyskinesia and proved to be safe in both male and female patients with PD. Further prospective studies, specifically addressing potential gender differences in response to PD therapies, are needed to develop tailored management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria C Russillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria F De Pandis
- Clinical Trial Center Parkinson, San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Erminio Bonizzoni
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry "GA Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Science and Community, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bhat A, Dalvi H, Jain H, Rangaraj N, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Perspective insights of repurposing the pleiotropic efficacy of statins in neurodegenerative disorders: An expository appraisal. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100012. [PMID: 34909647 PMCID: PMC8663947 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders which affects a larger population pose a great clinical challenge. These disorders impact the quality of life of an individual by damaging the neurons, which are the unit cells of the brain. Clinicians are faced with the grave challenge of inhibiting the progression of these diseases as available treatment options fail to meet the clinical demand. Thus, treating the disease/disorder symptomatically is the Hobson's choice. The goal of the researchers is to introduce newer therapies in this segment and introducing a new molecule will take long years of development. Hence, drug repurposing/repositioning can be a better substitute in comparison to time consuming and expensive drug discovery and development cycle. Presently, a paradigm shift towards the re-purposing of drugs can be witnessed. Statins which have been previously approved as anti-hyperlipidemic agents are in the limelight of research for re-purposed drugs. Owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nature, statins act as neuroprotective in several brain disorders. Further they attenuate the amyloid plaques and protein aggregation which are the triggering factors in the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's respectively. In case of Huntington disease and Multiple sclerosis they help in improving the psychomotor symptoms and stimulate remyelination thus acting as neuroprotective. This article reviews the potential of statins in treating neurodegenerative disorders along with a brief discussion on the safety concerns associated with use of statins and human clinical trial data linked with re-tasking statins for neurodegenerative disorders along with the regulatory perspectives involved with the drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Harshita Dalvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Harsha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Nagarjun Rangaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Role of Phytoconstituents as PPAR Agonists: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121914. [PMID: 34944727 PMCID: PMC8698906 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, and PPAR-β/δ) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that play a critical role in the regulation of hundreds of genes through their activation. Their expression and targeted activation play an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists (natural or synthetic) in the disorders listed above; however, no comprehensive report defining the role of naturally derived phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists targeting neurodegenerative diseases has been published. This review will focus on the role of phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists and the relevant preclinical studies and mechanistic insights into their neuroprotective effects. Exemplary research includes flavonoids, fatty acids, cannabinoids, curcumin, genistein, capsaicin, and piperine, all of which have been shown to be PPAR agonists either directly or indirectly. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the use of clinical samples in in vitro investigations. The role of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a potential model for studying neurodegenerative diseases has also been highlighted.
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104
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Abd-El-Basset EM, Rao MS, Alshawaf SM, Ashkanani HK, Kabli AH. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:558-584. [PMID: 34877406 PMCID: PMC8611192 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Neuro-inflammation occurs as a sequence of brain injury and is associated with production of cytokines. Cytokines can modulate the function and survival of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of TNF on the neurons, microglia and astrocytes in normal brain and stab wound brain injury. Methods Normal BALB/c male mice (N) without any injury were subdivided into NA and NB groups. Another set mouse was subjected to stab wound brain injury (I) and were subdivided into IA and IB. NA and IA groups received intraperitoneal injections of TNF (1 µg/kg body weight/day) for nine days, whereas NB and IB groups received intraperitoneal injections of PBS. Animals were killed on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, and 9th day. Frozen brain sections through the injury site in IA and IB or corresponding region in NA and NB groups were stained for neurodegeneration, immunostained for astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Western blotting for GFAP and ELISA for BDNF were done from the tissues collected from all groups. Results The number of degenerating neurons significantly decreased in TNF treated groups. There was a significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia in TNF treated groups compared to PBS treated groups. In addition, it was found that TNF stimulated the expression of GFAP and BDNF in NA and IA groups. Conclusions TNF induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in normal and injured brain and promotes the survival of cortical neurons in stab wound brain injury, may be by upregulating the BDNF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13100, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna Sakkattu Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13100, Kuwait
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Janse van Rensburg HD, Aucamp J, Legoabe LJ. Chalcone-inspired rA 1 /A 2A adenosine receptor ligands: Ring closure as an alternative to a reactive substructure. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:416-437. [PMID: 34878728 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, great progress has been made in the development of high-affinity adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptor antagonists-promising agents for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, many of these compounds raise structure-related concerns. The present study investigated the effect of ring closures on the rA1 /A2A affinity of compounds containing a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system, hence providing insight into the potential of heterocycles to address these concerns. A total of 12 heterocyclic compounds were synthesised and evaluated in silico and in vitro. The test compounds performed well upon qualitative assessment of drug-likeness and were generally found to be free from potentially problematic fragments. Most also showed low/weak cytotoxicity. Results from radioligand binding experiments confirm that heterocycles (particularly 2-substituted 3-cyanopyridines) can replace the promiscuous α,β-unsaturated ketone functional group without compromising A1 /A2A affinity. Structure-activity relationships highlighted the importance of hydrogen bonds in binding to the receptors of interest. Compounds 3c (rA1 Ki = 16 nM; rA2A Ki = 65 nM) and 8a (rA1 Ki = 102 nM; rA2A Ki = 37 nM), which both act as A1 antagonists, showed significant dual A1 /A2A affinity and may, therefore, inspire further investigation into heterocycles as potentially safe and potent adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Janine Aucamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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LncRNA JHDM1D-AS1 Suppresses MPP + -Induced Neuronal Injury in Parkinson's Disease via miR-134-5p/PIK3R3 Axis. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1771-1781. [PMID: 34773593 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to be involved in the process of PD. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the potential function and mechanism of JHDM1D-AS1 (JHDM1D antisense 1) in PD process. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +)-induced SK-N-SH cells were used to conduct expression and function analyses. Levels of genes and proteins were examined using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. ELISA analysis was performed for the detection of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using commercial kits. The direct interactions between miR-134-5p and PIK3R3 (Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 3) or JHDM1D-AS1 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. JHDM1D-AS1 expression was decreased by MPP + in SK-N-SH cells in a dose- or time-dependent manner. Functionally, JHDM1D-AS1 overexpression attenuated MPP + -evoked neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, JHDM1D-AS1 competitively bound to miR-134-5p to upregulate the expression of its target PIK3R3. Rescue experiments suggested that miR-134-5p upregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of JHDM1D-AS1 on MPP + -induced neuronal injury. Moreover, inhibition of miR-134-5p protected neurons against MPP + -induced neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which were abolished by PIK3R3 silencing. JHDM1D-AS1 protected against MPP + -induced neuron injury via miR-134-5p/PIK3R3 axis, suggesting the potential involvement of this axis in PD process.
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107
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Song Z, Liu S, Li X, Zhang M, Wang X, Shi Z, Ji Y. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in China: a multicenter population-based survey. Neuroepidemiology 2021; 56:50-58. [PMID: 34758470 DOI: 10.1159/000520726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few data are available on the current prevalence of Parkinson's disease in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older and to analyze associated risk factors. METHODS We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 and over were drawn from 11 urban districts and 10 rural counties across China. Data were entered into spreadsheets, and imported and analyzed using Statistical Package SPSS 24. RESULTS We identified 151 patients with Parkinson's disease among 8124 residents aged 65 and over, including 75 men (49.67%) and 76 women (50.33%). The overall prevalence of PD in the study population was 1.86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%-2.2%), and the standardized prevalence of PD was 1.60%. The crude prevalence in men (2.12%) was higher than in women (1.66%), and standardized prevalence in urban areas (1.98%) was higher than in rural areas (1.48%). Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for PD were older age, heavy metal or pesticide exposure (odds ratio [OR]=3.83; 95% CI: 2.021-7.256), urban residence (OR=1.307; 95% CI: 1.041-1.642), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (OR=1.450; 95% CI: 1.021-2.059), and heart disease (OR=2.431; 95% CI: 1.481-4.990). Conclusion:The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in individuals aged 65 and older in China has not increased significantly in recent years. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is higher in men than in women and higher in urban areas than in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Song
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee BE, Suh PG, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1674-1682. [PMID: 34837015 PMCID: PMC8639716 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues of many proteins. This protein modification interacts with key cellular pathways involved in transcription, translation, and proteostasis. Although ubiquitous throughout the body, O-GlcNAc is particularly abundant in the brain, and various proteins commonly found at synapses are O-GlcNAcylated. Recent studies have demonstrated that the modulation of O-GlcNAc in the brain alters synaptic and neuronal functions. Furthermore, altered brain O-GlcNAcylation is associated with either the etiology or pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, while the manipulation of O-GlcNAc exerts neuroprotective effects against these diseases. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain remain unclear, O-GlcNAcylation is critical for regulating diverse neural functions, and its levels change during normal and pathological aging. In this review, we will highlight the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Neuroprotective Effects of B-Type Cinnamon Procyanidin Oligomers on MPP +-Induced Apoptosis in a Cell Culture Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216422. [PMID: 34770830 PMCID: PMC8587825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon procyanidin oligomers (CPOs) are water-soluble components extracted from cinnamon. This study aims to explore the neuroprotection of B-type CPO (CPO-B) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying its protection. The results demonstrated that CPO-B showed protection by increasing cell viability, attenuating an intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, downregulating cleaved caspase-3 expression, and upregulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, CPO-B completely blocked the dephosphorylation of extracellular, signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) caused by MPP+. Treatment with an Erk1/2 inhibitor, SCH772984, significantly abolished the neuroprotection of CPO-B against MPP+. Taken together, we demonstrate that CPO-B from cinnamon bark provided protection against MPP+ in cultured SH-SY5Y cells, and the potential mechanisms may be attributed to its ability to modulate the dysregulation between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins through the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the addition of cinnamon to food or supplements might benefit patients with PD.
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110
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Khan J, Rudrapal M, Bhat EA, Ali A, Alaidarous M, Alshehri B, Banwas S, Ismail R, Egbuna C. Perspective Insights to Bio-Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:724158. [PMID: 34712651 PMCID: PMC8546296 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.724158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of biomaterials is well appreciated in nanotechnology, and its use has resulted in major advances in biomedical sciences. Although, currently, very little data is available on the clinical trial studies for treatment of neurological conditions, numerous promising advancements have been reported in drug delivery and regenerative therapies which can be applied in clinical practice. Among the commonly reported biomaterials in literature, the self-assembling peptides and hydrogels have been recognized as the most potential candidate for treatment of common neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, spinal cord injury, stroke and tumors. The hydrogels, specifically, offer advantages like flexibility and porosity, and mimics the properties of the extracellular matrix of the central nervous system. These factors make them an ideal scaffold for drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier and tissue regeneration (using stem cells). Thus, the use of biomaterials as suitable matrix for therapeutic purposes has emerged as a promising area of neurosciences. In this review, we describe the application of biomaterials, and the current advances, in treatment of statistically common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Pune, India
| | - Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Mohammad Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banwas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Randa Ismail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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111
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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Nunez Y, Boehme AK, Li M, Goldsmith J, Weisskopf MG, Re DB, Navas-Acien A, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Parkinson's disease aggravation in association with fine particle components in New York State. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111554. [PMID: 34181919 PMCID: PMC8478789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including disease aggravation in Parkinson's disease (PD), but associations with specific PM2.5 components have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To characterize the association between specific PM2.5 components and PD first hospitalization, a surrogate for disease aggravation. METHODS We obtained data on hospitalizations from the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (2000-2014) to calculate annual first PD hospitalization counts in New York State per county. We used well-validated prediction models at 1 km2 resolution to estimate county level population-weighted annual black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate, sulfate, sea salt (SS), and soil particle concentrations. We then used a multi-pollutant mixed quasi-Poisson model with county-specific random intercepts to estimate rate ratios (RR) of one-year exposure to each PM2.5 component and PD disease aggravation. We evaluated potential nonlinear exposure-outcome relationships using penalized splines and accounted for potential confounders. RESULTS We observed a total of 197,545 PD first hospitalizations in NYS from 2000 to 2014. The annual average count per county was 212 first hospitalizations. The RR (95% confidence interval) for PD aggravation was 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) per one standard deviation (SD) increase in nitrate concentrations and 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) for the corresponding increase in OM concentrations. We also found a nonlinear inverse association between PD aggravation and BC at concentrations above the 96th percentile. We found a marginal association with SS and no association with sulfate or soil exposure. CONCLUSION In this study, we detected associations between the PM2.5 components OM and nitrate with PD disease aggravation. Our findings support that PM2.5 adverse effects on PD may vary by particle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanelli Nunez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- Department of Epidemiology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maggie Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halix, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halix, Nova Scotia, Canada
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113
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Christmann A, Gries M, Scholz P, Stahr PL, Law JKY, Schulte S, Martin M, Lilischkis R, Ingebrandt S, Keck CM, Schäfer KH. The antioxidant Rutin counteracts the pathological impact of α-synuclein on the enteric nervous system in vitro. Biol Chem 2021; 403:103-122. [PMID: 34582634 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Motoric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) derive from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Intestinal dysfunctions often appear long before manifestation of neuronal symptoms, suggesting a strong correlation between gut and brain in PD. Oxidative stress is a key player in neurodegeneration causing neuronal cell death. Using natural antioxidative flavonoids like Rutin, might provide intervening strategies to improve PD pathogenesis. To explore the potential effects of micro (mRutin) compared to nano Rutin (nRutin) upon the brain and the gut during PD, its neuroprotective effects were assessed using an in vitro PD model. Our results demonstrated that Rutin inhibited the neurotoxicity induced by A53T α-synuclein (Syn) administration by decreasing oxidized lipids and increasing cell viability in both, mesencephalic and enteric cells. For enteric cells, neurite outgrowth, number of synaptic vesicles, and tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells were significantly reduced when treated with Syn. This could be reversed by the addition of Rutin. nRutin revealed a more pronounced result in all experiments. In conclusion, our study shows that Rutin, especially the nanocrystals, are promising natural compounds to protect neurons from cell death and oxidative stress during PD. Early intake of Rutin may provide a realizable option to prevent or slow PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christmann
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Manuela Gries
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Patrik Scholz
- Formulation Development, BAYER AG, R&D, D-51373Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Pascal L Stahr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35037Marburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ka Yan Law
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Steven Schulte
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Martin
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Rainer Lilischkis
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35037Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Department of Informatics and Microsystems and Technology, University of Applied Science Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, D-66482Zweibrücken, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167Mannheim, Germany
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114
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Kalyn M, Ekker M. Cerebroventricular Microinjections of MPTP on Adult Zebrafish Induces Dopaminergic Neuronal Death, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and Sensorimotor Impairments. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718244. [PMID: 34512252 PMCID: PMC8432913 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that mediate the energetic supply to cells and mitigate oxidative stress through the intricate balance of fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature within Parkinson disease (PD) etiologies. To date, there have been conflicting studies of neurotoxin impact on dopaminergic cell death, mitochondrial function and behavioral impairment using adult zebrafish. Here, we performed cerebroventricular microinjections (CVMIs) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on adult transgenic zebrafish that resulted in significant reductions in dopaminergic neurons within the telencephalon and olfactory bulbs (OB) of Tg(dat:eGFP) fish. Visualization of mCherry and mitochondrial gene expression analysis in Tg(dat:tom20 MLS:mCherry) fish reveal that MPTP induces mitochondrial fragmentation in dopaminergic neurons and the activation of the pink1/parkin pathway involved mitophagy. Moreover, the loss of dopaminergic neurons translated into a transient locomotor and olfactory phenotype. Taken together, these data can contribute to a better understanding of the mitochondrial impact on dopaminergic survivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalyn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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115
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Mani S, Sevanan M, Krishnamoorthy A, Sekar S. A systematic review of molecular approaches that link mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4459-4469. [PMID: 34480241 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1% of the population worldwide. Etiology of PD is likely to be multi-factorial such as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation that contributes to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the dopaminergic neuronal loss. In multiple ways, the two most important are the activation of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, while mitochondrial dysfunction could cause neuroinflammation and vice versa. Thus, the mitochondrial proteins are the highly promising target for the development of PD. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented the detailed investigation of Parkinson's disease with regard to mitochondrial dysfunction. Both genetic and environmental factors are also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and PD pathogenesis. The induction of PD by neurotoxins that inhibit mitochondrial complex I provide direct evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to PD. A decrease of mitochondrial complex I activity is observed in PD brain and in neurotoxin- or genetic factor-induced in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1 and LRRK2 mitochondrial PD gene products have important roles in mitophagy, a cellular process that clear damaged mitochondria. This review paper would discuss the evidence for the mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugumar Mani
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India.
| | | | - Sathiya Sekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.M.G.R Educational Research Institute, Chennai, India
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116
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Living with the enemy: from protein-misfolding pathologies we know, to those we want to know. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101391. [PMID: 34119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational diseases are caused by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The risk for such pathologies develops years before clinical symptoms appear, and is higher in people with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) polymorphisms. Thousands of people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are underdiagnosed. Enemy-aggregating proteins may reside in these underdiagnosed AATD patients for many years before a pathology for AATD fully develops. In this perspective review, we hypothesize that the AAT protein could exert a new and previously unconsidered biological effect as an endogenous metal ion chelator that plays a significant role in essential metal ion homeostasis. In this respect, AAT polymorphism may cause an imbalance of metal ions, which could be correlated with the aggregation of amylin, tau, amyloid beta, and alpha synuclein proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively.
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117
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Popova B, Galka D, Häffner N, Wang D, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Knop M, Braus GH. α-Synuclein Decreases the Abundance of Proteasome Subunits and Alters Ubiquitin Conjugates in Yeast. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092229. [PMID: 34571878 PMCID: PMC8468666 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder characterized with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. One of the pathological hallmarks of the disease is accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) in cytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions that indicates significant dysfunction of protein homeostasis in PD. Accumulation is accompanied with highly elevated S129 phosphorylation, suggesting that this posttranslational modification is linked to pathogenicity and altered αSyn inclusion dynamics. To address the role of S129 phosphorylation on protein dynamics further we investigated the wild type and S129A variants using yeast and a tandem fluorescent timer protein reporter approach to monitor protein turnover and stability. Overexpression of both variants leads to inhibited yeast growth. Soluble S129A is more stable and additional Y133F substitution permits αSyn degradation in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Quantitative cellular proteomics revealed significant αSyn-dependent disturbances of the cellular protein homeostasis, which are increased upon S129 phosphorylation. Disturbances are characterized by decreased abundance of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation machinery. Biotin proximity labelling revealed that αSyn interacts with the Rpt2 base subunit. Proteasome subunit depletion by reducing the expression of the corresponding genes enhances αSyn toxicity. Our studies demonstrate that turnover of αSyn and depletion of the proteasome pool correlate in a complex relationship between altered proteasome composition and increased αSyn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (G.H.B.)
| | - Dajana Galka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
| | - Nicola Häffner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
| | - Michael Knop
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.G.); (N.H.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (G.H.B.)
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Quadir H, Hakobyan K, Gaddam M, Ojinnaka U, Ahmed Z, Kannan A, Mostafa JA. Role of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibition As Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease: Dopaminergic Survival and Enhanced Mitophagy. Cureus 2021; 13:e16973. [PMID: 34377615 PMCID: PMC8349301 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of Parkinson’s disease. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), performs several functions, including microglial inflammatory response and enhanced Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Its inhibition shows neuroprotective effects in carried studies. Parkinson’s disease pathology also rests on incomplete removal of damaged mitochondria, leading to neuronal impairment. ROCK has different isoforms, inhibition of which have been shown to decrease the adverse changes in microglia. There has also been evidence of a decreased release of inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in degradation of dopaminergic neurons on the addition of ROCK inhibitors. Additionally, ROCK inhibitors have recently been shown to increase the activity of hexokinase 2 (HK2), relocating it to mitochondria, and therefore leading to upregulated mitochondrial targeting. Understanding the cellular basis of ROCK activity and its inhibition may help us advance in creating new strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Quadir
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Knkush Hakobyan
- Diagnostic Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mrunanjali Gaddam
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ugochi Ojinnaka
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zubayer Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amudhan Kannan
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.,General Surgery Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Faculty Member, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, California, USA
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119
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Guilherme EM, Moreira RDFC, de Oliveira A, Ferro AM, Di Lorenzo VAP, Gianlorenço ACL. Respiratory Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:993-1010. [PMID: 33780376 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) non motor symptoms may present early in the disease course and worsen with advancing disease. Respiratory changes can affect individuals to remain physically active, contributing to a reduction of functionality and quality of life. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence of respiratory disorders in patients with PD. METHODS An electronic search was performed up to November 2020 on PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cinahl, and Cochrane using the following keyword combination: [("Parkinson disease") AND ("respiratory function tests" OR "evaluation") AND ("respiratory system" OR "respiration disorders" OR "respiratory muscles")]. RESULTS The electronic search resulted in 601 references in English or Portuguese. The selection process and data extraction were made by two independent reviewers. We selected 19 studies including cross-sectional studies that investigated the respiratory disorders in patients with PD through pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, or physical capacity evaluation. We excluded studies that considered patients with other diseases. Eighteen studies evaluated the pulmonary function in patients with PD, eleven studies verified the influence of PD on respiratory muscle strength, and three studies assessed the physical capacity through functional tests. CONCLUSION The evidence showed that PD patients have higher chances to present a pulmonary dysfunction, either obstructive or restrictive, when compared to healthy subjects. In addition, these patients present lower respiratory muscle strength and a consequent decrease in physical capacity in endurance exercises. The respiratory impairment in PD seems to be directly related to the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Guilherme
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Adriele de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Alyne Montero Ferro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Valéria A Pires Di Lorenzo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Spirometry and Respiratory Physical Therapy Laboratory (LEFiR), Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolyna L Gianlorenço
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
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120
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Wu YC, Sonninen TM, Peltonen S, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Modeling with iPSC-Derived Brain Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7710. [PMID: 34299328 PMCID: PMC8307585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the delivery of oxygen and important nutrients to the brain through active and passive transport and prevents neurotoxins from entering the brain. It also has a clearance function and removes carbon dioxide and toxic metabolites from the central nervous system (CNS). Several drugs are unable to cross the BBB and enter the CNS, adding complexity to drug screens targeting brain disorders. A well-functioning BBB is essential for maintaining healthy brain tissue, and a malfunction of the BBB, linked to its permeability, results in toxins and immune cells entering the CNS. This impairment is associated with a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the BBB in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we focus on recent progress of using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models to study the BBB. We review the potential of novel stem cell-based platforms in modeling the BBB and address advances and key challenges of using stem cell technology in modeling the human BBB. Finally, we highlight future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Wu
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Tuuli-Maria Sonninen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanni Peltonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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121
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Wei X, Zhang H, Gong B, Chang S, Lu M, Yi G, Zhang Z, Deng B, Wang J. An Embedded Multi-Core Real-Time Simulation Platform of Basal Ganglia for Deep Brain Stimulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:1328-1340. [PMID: 34232884 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3095316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) paradigm is gaining tremendous favor due to its potential capability of further and more efficient improvements in neurological diseases. Preclinical validation of closed-loop controller is quite necessary in order to minimize injury risks of clinical trials to patients, which can greatly benefit from real-time computational models and thus potentially reduce research and development costs and time. Here we developed an embedded multi-core real-time simulation platform (EMC-RTP) for a biological-faithful computational network model of basal ganglia (BG). The single neuron model is implemented in a highly real-time manner using a reasonable simplification. A modular mapping architecture with hierarchical routing organization was constructed to mimic the pathological neural activities of BG observed in parkinsonian conditions. A closed-loop simulation testbed for DBS validation was then set up using a host computer as the DBS controller. The availability of EMC-RTP and the testbed system was validated by comparing the performance of open-loop and proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Our experimental results showed that the proposed EMC-RTP reproduces abnormal beta bursts of BG in parkinsonian conditions while meets requirements of both real-time and computational accuracy as well. Closed-loop DBS experiments using the EMC-RTP suggested that the platform could perform reasonable output under different kinds of DBS strategies, indicating the usability of the platform.
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122
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P P, Justin A, Ananda Kumar TD, Chinaswamy M, Kumar BRP. Glitazones Activate PGC-1α Signaling via PPAR-γ: A Promising Strategy for Antiparkinsonism Therapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2261-2272. [PMID: 34125534 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding various aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD) by researchers could lead to a better understanding of the disease and provide treatment alternatives that could significantly improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years toward this goal, but there is yet no available treatment with confirmed neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown the potential of PPARγ agonists, which are the ligand activated transcriptional factor of the nuclear hormone superfamily, as therapeutic targets for various neurodegenerative disorders. The activation of central PGC-1α mediates the potential role against neurogenerative diseases like PD, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and the role of glitazones in the activation of PGC-1α signaling could lead to a novel therapeutic interventions against PD. Keeping this aspect in focus, the present review highlights the pathogenic mechanism of PD and the role of glitazones in the activation of PGC-1α via PPARγ for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabitha P
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - Antony Justin
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu 643 001, India
| | - T. Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - Mithuna Chinaswamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
| | - B. R. Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 015, India
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Anandhan A, Nguyen N, Syal A, Dreher LA, Dodson M, Zhang DD, Madhavan L. NRF2 Loss Accentuates Parkinsonian Pathology and Behavioral Dysfunction in Human α-Synuclein Overexpressing Mice. Aging Dis 2021; 12:964-982. [PMID: 34221542 PMCID: PMC8219498 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of cellular stress responses and its transcriptional activation promotes multiple cellular defense and survival mechanisms. The loss of NRF2 has been shown to increase oxidative and proteotoxic stress, two key pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, compromised redox homeostasis and protein quality control can cause the accumulation of pathogenic proteins, including alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) which plays a key role in PD. However, despite this link, the precise mechanisms by which NRF2 may regulate PD pathology is not clear. In this study, we generated a humanized mouse model to study the importance of NRF2 in the context of α-Syn-driven neuropathology in PD. Specifically, we developed NRF2 knockout and wild-type mice that overexpress human α-Syn (hα-Syn+/Nrf2-/- and hα-Syn+/Nrf2+/+ respectively) and tested changes in their behavior through nest building, challenging beam, and open field tests at three months of age. Cellular and molecular alterations in α-Syn, including phosphorylation and subsequent oligomerization, as well as changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy were also assessed across multiple brain regions. It was observed that although monomeric α-Syn levels did not change, compared to their wild-type counterparts, hα-Syn+/Nrf2-/- mice exhibited increased phosphorylation and oligomerization of α-Syn. This was associated with a loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expressing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and more pronounced behavioral deficits reminiscent of early-stage PD, in the hα-Syn+/Nrf2-/- mice. Furthermore, hα-Syn+/Nrf2-/- mice showed significantly amplified oxidative stress, greater expression of inflammatory markers, and signs of increased autophagic burden, especially in the midbrain, striatum and cortical brain regions. These results support an important role for NRF2, early in PD progression. More broadly, it indicates NRF2 biology as fundamental to PD pathogenesis and suggests that targeting NRF2 activation may delay the onset and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Nhat Nguyen
- Physiology Undergraduate Program, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Arjun Syal
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Undergraduate Program, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Luke A Dreher
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Undergraduate Program, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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The impact of sesamol and exercise on striatal TNF-α level, motor behavior, aversive memory and oxidative stress status in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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125
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Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Correa-Paz C, Posado-Fernández A, Gómez-Larrauri A, Castillo J, Gómez-Muñoz A, Sobrino T, Ouro A. Ceramide Metabolism and Parkinson's Disease-Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:945. [PMID: 34202192 PMCID: PMC8301871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in numerous cellular processes. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides can act as second messengers, especially when they are generated at the plasma membrane of cells. Its metabolic dysfunction may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease. Recent reports on transcriptomics and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis have demonstrated the variation of specific levels of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in their metabolism in different neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we highlight the most relevant discoveries related to ceramide and neurodegeneration, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Custodia
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Ana Gómez-Larrauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
- Respiratory Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
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PEP-1-GLRX1 Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Loss by Modulating MAPK and Apoptosis Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113329. [PMID: 34206041 PMCID: PMC8198499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized mainly by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) mediated via oxidative stress. Although glutaredoxin-1 (GLRX1) is known as one of the antioxidants involved in cell survival, the effects of GLRX1 on PD are still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether cell-permeable PEP-1-GLRX1 inhibits dopaminergic neuronal cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We showed that PEP-1-GLRX1 protects cell death and DNA damage in MPP+-exposed SH-SY5Y cells via the inhibition of MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB activation and the regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression. Furthermore, we found that PEP-1-GLRX1 was delivered to the SN via the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that PEP-1-GLRX1 markedly inhibited the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPP+- and MPTP-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that this fusion protein may represent a novel therapeutic agent against PD.
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Kadbhane A, Patel M, Srivastava S, Singh PK, Madan J, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Perspective insights and application of exosomes as a novel tool against neurodegenerative disorders: An expository appraisal. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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128
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Basu-Shrivastava M, Kozoriz A, Desagher S, Lassot I. To Ubiquitinate or Not to Ubiquitinate: TRIM17 in Cell Life and Death. Cells 2021; 10:1235. [PMID: 34069831 PMCID: PMC8157266 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM17 is a member of the TRIM family, a large class of RING-containing E3 ubiquitin-ligases. It is expressed at low levels in adult tissues, except in testis and in some brain regions. However, it can be highly induced in stress conditions which makes it a putative stress sensor required for the triggering of key cellular responses. As most TRIM members, TRIM17 can act as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and promote the degradation by the proteasome of substrates such as the antiapoptotic protein MCL1. Intriguingly, TRIM17 can also prevent the ubiquitination of other proteins and stabilize them, by binding to other TRIM proteins and inhibiting their E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity. This duality of action confers several pivotal roles to TRIM17 in crucial cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy or cell division, but also in pathological conditions as diverse as Parkinson's disease or cancer. Here, in addition to recent data that endorse this duality, we review what is currently known from public databases and the literature about TRIM17 gene regulation and expression, TRIM17 protein structure and interactions, as well as its involvement in cell physiology and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Kozoriz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Solange Desagher
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Iréna Lassot
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Lehotzky A, Oláh J, Fekete JT, Szénási T, Szabó E, Győrffy B, Várady G, Ovádi J. Co-Transmission of Alpha-Synuclein and TPPP/p25 Inhibits Their Proteolytic Degradation in Human Cell Models. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:666026. [PMID: 34084775 PMCID: PMC8167055 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.666026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological association of alpha-synuclein (SYN) and Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25) is a key factor in the etiology of synucleinopathies. In normal brains, the intrinsically disordered SYN and TPPP/p25 are not found together but exist separately in neurons and oligodendrocytes, respectively; in pathological states, however, they are found in both cell types due to their cell-to-cell transmission. The autophagy degradation of the accumulated/assembled SYN has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. We have shown that the hetero-association of SYN with TPPP/p25 after their uptake from the medium by human cells (which mimics cell-to-cell transmission) inhibits both their autophagy- and the ubiquitin-proteasome system-derived elimination. These results were obtained by ELISA, Western blot, FACS and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy using human recombinant proteins and living human cells; ANOVA statistical analysis confirmed that TPPP/p25 counteracts SYN degradation by hindering the autophagy maturation at the stage of LC3B-SQSTM1/p62-derived autophagosome formation and its fusion with lysosome. Recently, fragments of TPPP/p25 that bind to the interface between the two hallmark proteins have been shown to inhibit their pathological assembly. In this work, we show that the proteolytic degradation of SYN on its own is more effective than when it is complexed with TPPP/p25. The combined strategy of TPPP/p25 fragments and proteolysis may ensure prevention and/or elimination of pathological SYN assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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130
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Momordica Charantia Polysaccharides Attenuates MPP+-Induced Injury in Parkinson’s Disease Mice and Cell Models by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the potential role of Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and reveal the molecular mechanism of its function. Method. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, MPP+) were used to establish PD mice and cell models. The mice and cells were divided into 4 groups: Control group, Control+MCPs group, PD group, and PD+MCPs group. Pole climbing experiment and Rotarod experiment were used to observe the coordination ability of mice. High-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine neurotransmitters and metabolites, inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, oxidative stress-related markers SOD, MDA, and GSH in striatum tissues. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), oxidative stress-related protein Cytochrome C (Cytochrome C), and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 in tissues and cells. Moreover, flow cytometry, PI staining, and fluorescence were used to observe cell apoptosis. Finally, the activation effect of MCPs on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was observed and verified. Results. Compared with the Control group, MPTP treatment can induce brain damage in mice (all
), change the metabolic state of neurotransmitters (all
), induce inflammation (all
), and induce apoptosis and the occurrence of oxidation reaction (all
); however, MCPs treatment can significantly reverse the above changes (all
). In cell models, studies have found that MCPs can play a protective role by regulating the activation state of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion. This study found that the application of MCPs therapy can play anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects in PD by regulating the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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131
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Carvajal-Oliveros A, Domínguez-Baleón C, Zárate RV, Campusano JM, Narváez-Padilla V, Reynaud E. Nicotine suppresses Parkinson's disease like phenotypes induced by Synphilin-1 overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9579. [PMID: 33953275 PMCID: PMC8099903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that there is a lower Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence in tobacco users. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist and is the principal psychoactive compound in tobacco linked to cigarette addiction. Different studies have shown that nicotine has beneficial effects on sporadic and genetic models of PD. In this work we evaluate nicotine's protective effect in a Drosophila melanogaster model for PD where Synphilin-1 (Sph-1) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons. Nicotine has a moderate effect on dopaminergic neuron survival that becomes more evident as flies age. Nicotine is beneficial on fly survival and motility increasing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, suggesting that cholinergic agonists may promote survival and metabolic function of the dopaminergic neurons that express Sph-1. The Sph-1 expressing fly is a good model for the study of early-onset phenotypes such as olfaction loss one of the main non-motor symptom related to PD. Our data suggest that nicotine is an interesting therapeutic molecule whose properties should be explored in future research on the phenotypic modulators of the disease and for the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carvajal-Oliveros
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Baleón
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Rafaella V Zárate
- Laboratorio Neurogenética de la Conducta, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge M Campusano
- Laboratorio Neurogenética de la Conducta, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Narváez-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reynaud
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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132
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Albassam MS, Thabet SA, Hmoud M, Makkawi S. Anti-Muscle Specific Kinase (Anti-MuSK) Positive Myasthenia Gravis Overlapping With Parkinson's Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e14839. [PMID: 34104586 PMCID: PMC8174120 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The concomitance between Parkinson's disease (PD) and myasthenia gravis (MG) is rare, with only a few case reports in the literature and only one of them with positive anti-muscle specific kinase (anti-MuSK) MG. The overlap between PD and MG symptoms can cause a diagnostic dilemma for the treating physician. In this report, we present a 73-year-old lady with a history of recurrent falls, dysphagia, and diplopia. She was found to have ptosis, vertical gaze restriction, neck extension, and flexion weakness, as well as features of parkinsonism, including masked face appearance, asymmetrical limbs rigidity, and bradykinesia. She was found to have a high titer antibody for MuSK MG. Her MG symptoms were treated successfully with rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Albassam
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salman A Thabet
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Hmoud
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Seraj Makkawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.,Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.,Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
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133
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Nies YH, Mohamad Najib NH, Lim WL, Kamaruzzaman MA, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660379. [PMID: 33994934 PMCID: PMC8121453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disease, affecting the motor system, leading to resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, walking and gait difficulties, and postural instability. The severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta causes striatal dopamine deficiency and the presence of Lewy bodies indicates a pathological hallmark of PD. Although the current treatment of PD aims to preserve dopaminergic neurons or to replace dopamine depletion in the brain, it is notable that complete recovery from the disease is yet to be achieved. Given the complexity and multisystem effects of PD, the underlying mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are yet to be elucidated. The advancement of medical technologies has given some insights in understanding the mechanism and potential treatment of PD with a special interest in the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) to unravel the pathophysiology of PD. In PD patients, it was found that striatal brain tissue and dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra demonstrated dysregulated miRNAs expression profiles. Hence, dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD through modulation of PD-associated gene and protein expression. This review will discuss recent findings on PD-associated miRNAs dysregulation, from the regulation of PD-associated genes, dopaminergic neuron survival, α-synuclein-induced inflammation and circulating miRNAs. The next section of this review also provides an update on the potential uses of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hui Nies
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haliza Mohamad Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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134
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Prasuhn J, Brüggemann N. Genotype-driven therapeutic developments in Parkinson's disease. Mol Med 2021; 27:42. [PMID: 33874883 PMCID: PMC8056568 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable advances have been reached in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with the identification of monogenic causes (mPD) and a plethora of gene loci leading to an increased risk for idiopathic PD. The expanding knowledge and subsequent identification of genetic contributions fosters the understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to disease development and progression. Distinct pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lysosomal function have been identified and open a unique window of opportunity for individualized treatment approaches. These genetic findings have led to an imminent progress towards pathophysiology-targeted clinical trials and potentially disease-modifying treatments in the future. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT In this review article we will summarize known genetic contributors to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, and discuss challenges and opportunities in clinical trial designs. CONCLUSIONS The future success of clinical trials in PD is mainly dependent on reliable biomarker development and extensive genetic testing to identify genetic cases. Whether genotype-dependent stratification of study participants will extend the potential application of new drugs will be one major challenge in conceptualizing clinical trials. However, the latest developments in genotype-driven treatments will pave the road to individualized pathophysiology-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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135
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Duwa R, Jeong JH, Yook S. Development of immunotherapy and nanoparticles-based strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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136
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PGC-1s in the Spotlight with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073487. [PMID: 33800548 PMCID: PMC8036867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In recent years, the detailed analyses of both genetic and idiopathic forms of the disease have led to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in PD, pointing to the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunctions in the pathogenic process. Failure of mitochondrial quality control is now considered a hallmark of the disease. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family acts as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, keeping PGC-1 level in a proper range is fundamental to guarantee functional neurons. Here we review the major findings that tightly bond PD and PGC-1s, raising important points that might lead to future investigations.
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Abdik E, Çakır T. Systematic investigation of mouse models of Parkinson's disease by transcriptome mapping on a brain-specific genome-scale metabolic network. Mol Omics 2021; 17:492-502. [PMID: 34370801 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genome-scale metabolic networks enable systemic investigation of metabolic alterations caused by diseases by providing interpretation of omics data. Although Mus musculus (mouse) is one of the most commonly used model organisms for neurodegenerative diseases, a brain-specific metabolic network model of mice has not yet been reconstructed. Here we reconstructed the first brain-specific metabolic network model of mice, iBrain674-Mm, by a homology-based approach, which consisted of 992 reactions controlled by 674 genes and distributed over 48 pathways. We validated the newly reconstructed network model by showing that it predicts healthy resting-state metabolic phenotypes of mouse brain compatible with the literature. We later used iBrain674-Mm to interpret various experimental mouse models of Parkinson's Disease (PD) at the transcriptome level. To this end, we applied a constraint-based modelling based biomarker prediction method called TIMBR (Transcriptionally Inferred Metabolic Biomarker Response) to predict altered metabolite production from transcriptomic data. Systemic analysis of seven different PD mouse models by TIMBR showed that the neuronal levels of glutamate, lactate, creatine phosphate, neuronal acetylcholine, bilirubin and formate increased in most of the PD mouse models, whereas the levels of melatonin, epinephrine, astrocytic formate and astrocytic bilirubin decreased. Although most of the predictions were consistent with the literature, there were some inconsistencies among different PD mouse models, signifying that there is no perfect experimental model to reflect PD metabolism. The newly reconstructed brain-specific genome-scale metabolic network model of mice can make important contributions to the interpretation and development of experimental mouse models of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecehan Abdik
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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138
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Shared genetic etiology between Parkinson's disease and blood levels of specific lipids. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33674605 PMCID: PMC7935855 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies. The mechanisms underlying these molecular and cellular effects are largely unknown. Previously, based on genetic and other data, we built a molecular landscape of PD that highlighted a central role for lipids. To explore which lipid species may be involved in PD pathology, we used published genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to conduct polygenic risk score-based analyses to examine putative genetic sharing between PD and blood levels of 370 lipid species and lipid-related molecules. We found a shared genetic etiology between PD and blood levels of 25 lipids. We then used data from a much-extended GWAS of PD to try and corroborate our findings. Across both analyses, we found genetic overlap between PD and blood levels of eight lipid species, namely two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA 20:3n3-n6 and 20:4n6), four triacylglycerols (TAG 44:1, 46:1, 46:2, and 48:0), phosphatidylcholine aa 32:3 (PC aa 32:3) and sphingomyelin 26:0 (SM 26:0). Analysis of the concordance—the agreement in genetic variant effect directions across two traits—revealed a significant negative concordance between PD and blood levels of the four triacylglycerols and PC aa 32:3 and a positive concordance between PD and blood levels of both PUFA and SM 26:0. Taken together, our analyses imply that genetic variants associated with PD modulate blood levels of a specific set of lipid species supporting a key role of these lipids in PD etiology.
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139
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Effect of Chronic Methylphenidate Treatment in a Female Experimental Model of Parkinsonism. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:667-676. [PMID: 33666887 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of ADHD in males and females. However, a majority of previous studies investigated the effect of MPH in only males, and little is known regarding consequences of female exposure to MPH. This is unfortunate because the few studies that have been conducted indicate that females have a greater sensitivity to MPH. Previous research in male mice has shown that chronic exposure to MPH causes dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal pathway to be more sensitive to the Parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, estrogen has been shown to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP neurotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we test the hypothesis that chronic MPH exposure in female mice will render dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway more sensitive to MPTP, and that estrogen may play a protective role. Interestingly, proestrus females exhibited greater sensitivity to MPTP, with significantly reduced dopaminergic neurons in the SN and significant increases in DA quinone production. Chronic MPH exposure contributed to GSH depletion, but surprisingly, it did not increase dopamine quinone levels or dopaminergic cell loss. There were no significant differences in anestrus animals, with the exception of a depletion in GSH seen when animals received chronic high-dose (10 mg/kg) MPH followed by MPTP. Thus, estrogen may actually sensitize neurons to MPTP in this model, and chronic MPH may contribute to GSH depletion within the striatum. This study provides insight into how chronic psychostimulant use may affect males and females differently.
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140
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Cintra RR, Lins LCRF, Medeiros KAAL, Souza MF, Gois AM, Bispo JMM, Melo MS, Leal PC, Meurer YSR, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH, Marchioro M, Santos JR. Nociception alterations precede motor symptoms in a progressive model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine in middle-aged rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:1-9. [PMID: 33675933 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nociception alterations are frequent non-motor symptoms of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). The period for the onset of symptoms and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. We investigated the course of nociception alterations in a progressive model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine (RES) in rats. Male Wistar rats (6-7 months) received 5 or 10 subcutaneous injections of RES (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 20 days. Motor evaluation and nociceptive assessment were performed throughout the treatment. At the end of the treatment rats were euthanized, the brains removed and processed for immunohistochemical analysis (TH and c-Fos). The RES-treated rats exhibited an increased nociceptive response to mechanical and chemical stimulation in the electronic von Frey and formalin tests, respectively. Moreover, these alterations preceded the motor impairment observed in the catalepsy test. In addition, the RES treatment reduced the TH-immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and increased the c-Fos expression in the ventral-lateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), rostral ventral medulla (RVM) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) after noxious stimuli induced by formalin. Taken together, our results reinforce that nociceptive changes are one of the early signs of PD and monoamine depletion in basal ganglia can be involved in the abnormal processing of nociceptive information in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Cintra
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Lívia C R F Lins
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Katty A A L Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marina F Souza
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - José M M Bispo
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Mônica S Melo
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C Leal
- Post-graduate Program of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ywlliane S R Meurer
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Marchioro
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
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Saedi S, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Barmaki H, Mokhtari Z, Musavi H, Valilo M, Mota A, Mahjoub S. Serum lipid profile of Parkinson's disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 12:155-161. [PMID: 34012532 PMCID: PMC8111816 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.12.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects. METHODS This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and student's t-test. RESULTS Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008). Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participants' cognitive layout and subsequent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Saedi
- Department of Medicine Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Haleh Barmaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mokhtari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Musavi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohamad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mahjoub
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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142
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Yan J, Ma H, Lai X, Wu J, Liu A, Huang J, Sun W, Shen M, Zhang Y. Artemisinin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in MPP +-treated SH-SY5Y cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:6. [PMID: 33632304 PMCID: PMC7908802 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The oxidative stress is an important component of the pathogenesis of PD. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of ART on 1-methyl-4-phenyliodine iodide (MPP +)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and underlying mechanism. METHODS We used MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells to study the neuroprotective effect of ART. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after incubating the cells with MPP+ and/or ART for 24 h. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and WST-8 was used to detect the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The level of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected with 5,5΄-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed based on the reaction of MDA and thiobarbituric acid. A mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit (JC-1) was used to detect changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and the autophagy-related proteins LC3, beclin-1, and p62 were detected by Western blotting. In addition, to verify the change in autophagy, we used immunofluorescence to detect the expression of LC3 and p62. RESULTS No significant cytotoxicity was observed at ART concentrations up to 40 μM. ART could significantly increase the viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ and reduce oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. In addition, the Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that MPP+ treatment could increase the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and decrease the protein expression of p62, indicating that MPP+ treatment could induce autophagy. Simultaneous treatment with ART and MPP+ could decrease the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and increase the protein expression of p62, indicating that ART could decrease the level of autophagy induced by MPP+. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ART has a protective effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells by the antioxidant, antiapoptotic activities and inhibition of autophagy. Our findings may provide new hope for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Wu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Anran Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yude Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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143
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Holloway PM, Willaime-Morawek S, Siow R, Barber M, Owens RM, Sharma AD, Rowan W, Hill E, Zagnoni M. Advances in microfluidic in vitro systems for neurological disease modeling. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1276-1307. [PMID: 33583054 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second largest cause of death worldwide. Despite significant research efforts, neurology remains one of the most failure-prone areas of drug development. The complexity of the human brain, boundaries to examining the brain directly in vivo, and the significant evolutionary gap between animal models and humans, all serve to hamper translational success. Recent advances in microfluidic in vitro models have provided new opportunities to study human cells with enhanced physiological relevance. The ability to precisely micro-engineer cell-scale architecture, tailoring form and function, has allowed for detailed dissection of cell biology using microphysiological systems (MPS) of varying complexities from single cell systems to "Organ-on-chip" models. Simplified neuronal networks have allowed for unique insights into neuronal transport and neurogenesis, while more complex 3D heterotypic cellular models such as neurovascular unit mimetics and "Organ-on-chip" systems have enabled new understanding of metabolic coupling and blood-brain barrier transport. These systems are now being developed beyond MPS toward disease specific micro-pathophysiological systems, moving from "Organ-on-chip" to "Disease-on-chip." This review gives an outline of current state of the art in microfluidic technologies for neurological disease research, discussing the challenges and limitations while highlighting the benefits and potential of integrating technologies. We provide examples of where such toolsets have enabled novel insights and how these technologies may empower future investigation into neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Barber
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anup D Sharma
- New Orleans BioInnovation Center, AxoSim Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wendy Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Eric Hill
- School of Life and Health sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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144
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Fiametti LO, Correa CN, Castro LMD. Peptide Profile of Zebrafish Brain in a 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson Model. Zebrafish 2021; 18:55-65. [PMID: 33570475 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder mainly attributed to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to uncontrolled voluntary movements causing tremors, postural instability, joint stiffness, and speech and locomotion difficulties, among other symptoms. Previous studies have shown the participation of specific peptides in neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the present work analyzed changes in the peptide profile in zebrafish brain induced to parkinsonian conditions with 6-hydroxydopamine, using isotopic labeling techniques plus mass spectrometry. These analyses allowed the relative quantitation and identification of 118 peptides. Of these, nine peptides showed significant changes, one peptide was increased and eight decreased. The most altered sequences were fragment of cytosolic and extracellular proteins related to lipid metabolism and dynamic cytoskeleton. These results open new perspectives of study about the function of peptides in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Neves Correa
- Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente, Brazil.,Biodiversity of Coastal Environments Postgraduate Program, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente, Brazil
| | - Leandro Mantovani de Castro
- Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente, Brazil.,Biodiversity of Coastal Environments Postgraduate Program, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente, Brazil
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145
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Singh M, Singh SP, Yadav D, Agarwal M, Agarwal S, Agarwal V, Swargiary G, Srivastava S, Tyagi S, Kaur R, Mani S. Targeted Delivery for Neurodegenerative Disorders Using Gene Therapy Vectors: Gene Next Therapeutic Goals. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:23-42. [PMID: 32811395 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200817164907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The technique of gene therapy, ever since its advent nearly fifty years ago, has been utilized by scientists as a potential treatment option for various disorders. This review discusses some of the major neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Motor neuron diseases (MND), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Huntington's Disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), etc. and their underlying genetic mechanisms along with the role that gene therapy can play in combating them. The pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms specifying the altered gene expression of each of these NDDs have also been discussed in elaboration. The use of gene therapy vectors can prove to be an effective tool in the field of curative modern medicine for the generations to come. Therefore, consistent efforts and progressive research towards its implementation can provide us with powerful treatment options for disease conditions that have so far been considered as incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P, India
| | - Surinder P Singh
- Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha Yadav
- Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Mugdha Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Sahil Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
| | - Ramneek Kaur
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U.P., India
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146
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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147
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Biomarkers in Tears and Ocular Surface: A Window for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 46 Suppl 2:S129-S134. [PMID: 31658175 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the potential role of tear analysis and ocular surface evaluation in diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and glaucoma. METHODS A systematic computerized search in the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Collaborations was conducted to find eligible articles which their main topic was to investigate the tear and ocular surface in neurodegenerative diseases. After a first screening of titles and abstracts and a full-text review, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 about the neurodegenerative diseases, 3 about the Alzheimer disease, 11 about the Parkinson disease, 11 about glaucoma, and 1 about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). RESULTS The ocular surface picture seems to be altered in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases with specific characteristics according to each disease. They seem to be associated with reduced corneal sensitivity and abnormal tear function, and each one presents the expression of specific biomarkers in tears. CONCLUSIONS The study of tears and ocular surface appears to be a new and noninvasive promising way to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.
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148
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Prasuhn J, Kasten M, Vos M, König IR, Schmid SM, Wilms B, Klein C, Brüggemann N. The Use of Vitamin K2 in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Mitochondrial Dysfunction (PD-K2): A Theranostic Pilot Study in a Placebo-Controlled Parallel Group Design. Front Neurol 2021; 11:592104. [PMID: 33505346 PMCID: PMC7829299 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite rapid advances in research on Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular in the elucidation of genetic contributions, no disease-modifying therapy has become available to date. Objectives: In the proposed project, we aim to investigate the potential effects of vitamin K2 (long-chain menaquinone 7, MK-7) in genetically determined PD with mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: A total of 130 study participants (26 biallelic Parkin/PINK1 mutation carriers, 52 sporadic PD patients, and 52 healthy controls) will receive the trial medication (MK-7 or placebo for 1 week). 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of the forebrain and basal ganglia (31P-MRSI, primary endpoint) as well as other advanced neuroimaging methods, clinical assessment, including quantitative movement analysis, and biomarker sampling will be applied pre- and post-intervention. Innovation: The proposed project is highly translational as it builds on compelling mechanistic data from animal studies as well as on a small preliminary data set in humans. Patients are selected based on their mutation-related mitochondrial dysfunction and compared to disease and a healthy control group in a personalized medicine approach. We will further investigate how neuroimaging and blood-derived biomarkers can predict individual treatment response in sporadic PD. Clinical trial registration: This study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Registry (DRKS, DRKS00019932) on the 19th of December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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149
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Wei L, He F, Zhang W, Chen W, Yu B. Analysis of master transcription factors related to Parkinson's disease through the gene transcription regulatory network. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1184-1190. [PMID: 34522247 PMCID: PMC8425256 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the relationships between differentially co-expressed gene pairs or links (DCLs) and transcription factors (TFs) in the gene transcription regulatory network (GTRN) to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Microarray dataset GSE7621 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and DCLs were identified by the DCGL package in R soft-ware. DCLs that were potentially related to the regulation mechanisms, and corresponding TFs, were identified using the DR sort function in the DCGL V2.0 package. The GTRN was constructed with these DCLs-TFs, and visualized with Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 131 DEGs, including 77 up-regulated DEGs and 54 down-regulated DEGs, were identified, which were mainly enriched for plasma membrane, cell activities, and metabolism. We found that ICAM1-LTBP and CTHRC1-UTP3 might alter gene regulation relationships in PD. The GTRN was constructed with DCLs-TFs, including 348 nodes (118 TFs and 230 DCGs) and 1045 DCLs. These TFs (AHR, SP1, PAX5, etc.) could regulate many target genes (e.g. ICAM1 and LTBP) in the GTRN of PD. CONCLUSIONS ICAM1 and LTBP may play a role in PD symptom development and pathology, and might be regulated by important TFs (AHR, SP1, PAX5, etc.) identified in the GTRN of PD. These findings may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PD and find a novel drug target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China
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150
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Ahmed S, Kwatra M, Ranjan Panda S, Murty USN, Naidu VGM. Andrographolide suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia through induction of parkin-mediated mitophagy in in-vitro and in-vivo models of Parkinson disease. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:142-158. [PMID: 32971182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication linking microglia activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss play an imperative role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, underlying molecular mechanisms are not precise and require further elucidation. NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is extensively studied in context to microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD. Several pathophysiological factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction impaired mitophagy plays a crucial role in activating NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Hence, regulation of microglial activation through mitophagy could be a valuable strategy in controlling microglia mediated neurodegeneration. In this study we have developed a model of inflammasome activation by combining LPS with a mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor MPP+. The idea of using MPP+ after priming mouse microglia with LPS was to disrupt mitochondria and release reactive oxygen species, which act as Signal 2 in augmenting NLRP3 assembly, thereby releasing potent inflammatory mediators such as active interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. LPS-MPP+ combination was seen to impaired the mitophagy by inhibiting the initial step of autophagosome formation as evidenced by protein expression and confocal imaging data. Treatment with Andrographolide promoted the parkin-dependent autophagic flux formation in microglia; resulting in the removal of defective mitochondria which in turn inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, the neuroprotective role of Andrographolide in inhibiting NLRP3 activation together with salvage ATP level via promoting parkin-dependent mitophagy was seen in the substantial nigra par compacta (SNpc) region of mice brain. Furthermore, Andrographolide rescued the dopaminergic neuron loss and improved the behavioural parameters in animal model. Collectively, our results reveal the role of mitophagy in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by removing defective mitochondria. In addition, andrographolide was seen to abate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia and rescue dopaminergic neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - U S N Murty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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