101
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Folch J, Olloquequi J, Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Sánchez-López E, Cano A, Espinosa-Jiménez T, García ML, Beas-Zarate C, Casadesús G, Bulló M, Auladell C, Camins A. The Involvement of Peripheral and Brain Insulin Resistance in Late Onset Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:236. [PMID: 31551756 PMCID: PMC6743006 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe sociological and clinical problem. Since it was first described, there has been a constant increase in its incidence and, for now, there are no effective treatments since current approved medications have only shown short-term symptomatic benefits. Therefore, it is imperative to increase efforts in the search for molecules and non-pharmacological strategies that are capable of slowing or stopping the progress of the disease and, ideally, to reverse it. The amyloid cascade hypothesis based on the fundamental role of amyloid has been the central hypothesis in the last 30 years. However, since amyloid-directed treatments have shown no relevant beneficial results other theories have been postulated to explain the origin of the pathology. The brain is a highly metabolically active energy-consuming tissue in the human body. It has an almost complete dependence on the metabolism of glucose and uses most of its energy for synaptic transmission. Thus, alterations on the utilization or availability of glucose may be cause for the appearance of neurodegenerative pathologies like AD. In this review article, the hypothesis known as Type 3 Diabetes (T3D) will be evaluated by summarizing some of the data that has been reported in recent years. According to published research, the adherence over time to low saturated fatty acids diets in the context of the Mediterranean diet would reduce the inflammatory levels in brain, with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory glial activation and mitochondrial oxidative stress. In this situation, the insulin receptor pathway would be able to fine tune the mitochondrial biogenesis in neuronal cells, regulation the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate intracellular balance, and becoming a key factor involved in the preservation of the synaptic connexions and neuronal plasticity. In addition, new targets and strategies for the treatment of AD will be considered in this review for their potential as new pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-Química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, CUCBA, Guadalajar, México
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mónica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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102
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Crunfli F, Mazucanti CH, de Moraes RCM, Costa AP, Rodrigues AC, Scavone C, Torrão ADS. NO-Dependent Akt Inactivation by S-Nitrosylation as a Possible Mechanism of STZ-Induced Neuronal Insulin Resistance. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:1427-1443. [PMID: 30149447 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is associated with energy metabolism deficiency and impairment of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in the brain. In this context, low doses of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rodents has been used as an experimental model of sAD which leads to an insulin-resistant brain state and neurodegeneration. However, the STZ effects on brain insulin signaling-related proteins it is not appropriately elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beginning and progression of alterations in the brain IR pathway of rats after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of STZ injection and investigate intracellular signaling involved on STZ induced insulin resistance. We observed that STZ injection causes cognitive impairment in the animals, a temporal variation of the insulin signaling-related proteins and apoptosis cell death in the hippocampus. We also have shown that STZ causes insulin resistance and impairment on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in the Neuro-2a cells through protein kinase B (Akt) inactivation by S-nitrosylation, which could upregulate GSK3-β activity. STZ ability to cause an insulin-resistant neuron state involves NO production and ROS production which may play an important role in the mechanism linked to STZ-induced neurotoxicity. The icv injection of STZ model and STZ exposed Neuro-2a cells may be potential experimental models for assessing molecules related to the pathogenesis of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Crunfli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruan Carlos Macêdo de Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pereira Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa da Silva Torrão
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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103
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Kotkowski E, Price LR, Franklin C, Salazar M, Woolsey M, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Glahn DC, Fox PT. A neural signature of metabolic syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3575-3588. [PMID: 31062906 PMCID: PMC6865471 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
That metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with age-related cognitive decline is well established. The neurobiological changes underlying these cognitive deficits, however, are not well understood. The goal of this study was to determine whether MetS is associated with regional differences in gray-matter volume (GMV) using a cross-sectional, between-group contrast design in a large, ethnically homogenous sample. T1-weighted MRIs were sampled from the genetics of brain structure (GOBS) data archive for 208 Mexican-American participants: 104 participants met or exceeded standard criteria for MetS and 104 participants were age- and sex-matched metabolically healthy controls. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 74 years (37.3 ± 13.2 years, 56.7% female). Images were analyzed in a whole-brain, voxel-wise manner using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Three contrast analyses were performed, a whole sample analysis of all 208 participants, and two post hoc half-sample analyses split by age along the median (35.5 years). Significant associations between MetS and decreased GMV were observed in multiple, spatially discrete brain regions including the posterior cerebellum, brainstem, orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, right parahippocampus, right amygdala, right insula, lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. Age, as shown in the post hoc analyses, was demonstrated to be a significant covariate. A further functional interpretation of the structures exhibiting lower GMV in MetS reflected a significant involvement in reward perception, emotional valence, and reasoning. Additional studies are needed to characterize the influence of MetS's individual clinical components on brain structure and to explore the bidirectional association between GMV and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithan Kotkowski
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
| | - Larry R. Price
- Methodology, Measurement and Statistical Analysis CenterTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexas
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Maximino Salazar
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Mary Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes InstituteSan AntonioTexas
- Diabetes Research Unit and Diabetes DivisionUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - John Blangero
- Genomics Computing Center, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity InstituteUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTexas
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research CenterInstitute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticut
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
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104
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Lee TH, Hurwitz EL, Cooney RV, Wu YY, Wang CY, Masaki K, Grandinetti A. Late life insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease and dementia: The Kuakini Honolulu heart program. J Neurol Sci 2019; 403:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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105
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Rorbach-Dolata A, Piwowar A. Neurometabolic Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis of Increased Incidence of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus in the 21st Century. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1435276. [PMID: 31428627 PMCID: PMC6679855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1435276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most recent evidence supports the existence of a link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), described by the new term: type 3 diabetes (T3D). The increasing incidence of T2DM in the 21st century and accompanying reports on the higher risk of AD in diabetic patients prompts the search for pathways linking glycemia disturbances and neurodegeneration. It is suggested that hyperglycemia may lead to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, a pathological process resulting from excessive depolarization of membrane and uncontrolled calcium ion influx into neuronal cells. On the other hand, it has been confirmed that peripheral insulin resistance triggers insulin resistance in the brain, which may consequently contribute to AD by amyloid beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and apoptosis. Some literature sources suggest significant amylin involvement in additional amyloid formation in the central nervous system, especially under hyperamylinemic conditions. It is particularly important to provide early diagnostics in people with metabolic disturbances, especially including fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, which are necessary to reveal insulin resistance. The present review reveals the most recent and important evidence associated with the phenomenon of T3D and discusses the potential lacks of prevention and diagnostics for diabetes which might result in neurometabolic disorders, from a pharmacotherapy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rorbach-Dolata
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
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106
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Ettcheto M, Cano A, Busquets O, Manzine PR, Sánchez-López E, Castro-Torres RD, Beas-Zarate C, Verdaguer E, García ML, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. A metabolic perspective of late onset Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104255. [PMID: 31075308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After decades of research, the molecular neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still one of the hot topics in biomedical sciences. Some studies suggest that soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers act as causative agents in the development of AD and could be initiators of its complex neurodegenerative cascade. On the other hand, there is also evidence pointing to Aβ oligomers as mere aggravators, with an arguable role in the origin of the disease. In this line of research, the relative contribution of soluble Aβ oligomers to neuronal damage associated with metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is being actively investigated. Some authors have proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) as important mechanisms leading to an increase in Aβ production and the activation of neuroinflammatory processes. Following this line of thought, these mechanisms could also cause cognitive impairment. The present review summarizes the current understanding on the neuropathological role of Aβ associated with metabolic alterations induced by an obesogenic high fat diet (HFD) intake. It is believed that the combination of these two elements has a synergic effect, leading to the impairement of ER and mitochondrial functions, glial reactivity status alteration and inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) signalling. All these metabolic alterations would favour neuronal malfunction and, eventually, neuronal death by apoptosis, hence causing cognitive impairment and laying the foundations for late-onset AD (LOAD). Moreover, since drugs enhancing the activation of cerebral insulin pathway can constitute a suitable strategy for the prevention of AD, we also discuss the scope of therapeutic approaches such as intranasal administration of insulin in clinical trials with AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén D Castro-Torres
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Mexico
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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107
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Williams VJ, Trombetta BA, Jafri RZ, Koenig AM, Wennick CD, Carlyle BC, Ekhlaspour L, Ahima RS, Russell SJ, Salat DH, Arnold SE. Task-related fMRI BOLD response to hyperinsulinemia in healthy older adults. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129700. [PMID: 31211691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence to suggest that the brain is an important target for insulin action, and that states of insulin resistance may extend to the CNS with detrimental effects on cognitive functioning. Although the effect of systemic insulin resistance on peripheral organs is well-studied, the degree to which insulin impacts brain function in vivo remains unclear. METHODS This randomized, single-blinded, 2-way-crossover, sham-controlled, pilot study determined the effects of hyperinsulinemia on fMRI brain activation during a 2-back working memory task in 9 healthy older adults (aged 57-79 years). Each participant underwent two clamp procedures (an insulin infusion and a saline placebo infusion, with normoglycemia maintained during both conditions), to examine the effects of hyperinsulinemia on task performance and associated blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal using fMRI. RESULTS Hyperinsulinemia (compared to saline control) was associated with an increase in both the spatial extent and relative strength of task-related BOLD signal during the 2-back task. Further, the degree of increased task-related activation in select brain regions correlated with greater systemic insulin sensitivity, as well as decreased reaction times and performance accuracy between experimental conditions. CONCLUSION Together, these findings provide evidence of insulin action in the CNS among older adults during periods of sustained cognitive demand, with the greatest effects noted for individuals with highest systemic insulin sensitivity. FUNDING This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (5R21AG051958, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Williams
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rabab Z Jafri
- Diabetes Research Center and Pediatric Endocrine Unit and.,Diabetes Unit and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron M Koenig
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chase D Wennick
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laya Ekhlaspour
- Diabetes Research Center and Pediatric Endocrine Unit and.,Diabetes Unit and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Russell
- Diabetes Research Center and Pediatric Endocrine Unit and.,Diabetes Unit and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Brain Aging and Dementia Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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108
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Clarke JR, Ribeiro FC, Frozza RL, De Felice FG, Lourenco MV. Metabolic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: From Basic Neurobiology to Clinical Approaches. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S405-S426. [PMID: 29562518 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have extensively failed to find effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) so far. Even after decades of AD research, there are still limited options for treating dementia. Mounting evidence has indicated that AD patients develop central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, and the underpinnings of such events have recently begun to emerge. Basic and preclinical studies have unveiled key pathophysiological mechanisms that include aberrant brain stress signaling, inflammation, and impaired insulin sensitivity. These findings are in accordance with clinical and neuropathological data suggesting that AD patients undergo central and peripheral metabolic deregulation. Here, we review recent basic and clinical findings indicating that metabolic defects are central to AD pathophysiology. We further propose a view for future therapeutics that incorporates metabolic defects as a core feature of AD pathogenesis. This approach could improve disease understanding and therapy development through drug repurposing and/or identification of novel metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudimar L Frozza
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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109
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Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Calabrò RS, De Cola MC, Gervasi G, Portaro S, Naro A, Accorinti M, Manuli A, Marra A, De Luca R, Bramanti P. The Efficacy of Cocoa Polyphenols in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Retrospective Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E156. [PMID: 31108983 PMCID: PMC6571795 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognition impairment that does not interfere with the usual activities of daily living. It is considered to be a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. No treatment is available for MCI. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 55 patients (29 males and 26 females, aged 56-75 years) with a diagnosis of amnestic MCI who attended the Center for Cognitive Disorder and Dementia of the IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo (Messina, Italy) between January and December of 2017. As we aimed to evaluate the effect of cocoa polyphenols on cognition, the study population was separated into two groups depending on the change in their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at a one-year follow-up. Results: Compared to G2 (i.e., patients with a worsening in cognitive functions), the rate of polyphenol intake was significantly higher in patients without a worsening in cognition (i.e., G1) (χ2 = 13.79, df = 1, p-value < 0.001). By subdividing G1 patients based on whether they improved or were stable at follow-up, we found that 46.2% of those who had improved were treated with polyphenols. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation of cocoa flavonoids seems to reduce the progression of MCI to dementia. Further prospective studies with larger sample volumes are required to confirm these promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina De Cola
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gervasi
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine School, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Portaro
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonino Naro
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Accorinti
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Manuli
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Marra
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosaria De Luca
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- Behavioral and Robotic Neurorehab Unit, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy.
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Pardeshi R, Bolshette N, Gadhave K, Arfeen M, Ahmed S, Jamwal R, Hammock BD, Lahkar M, Goswami SK. Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Potency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31068802 PMCID: PMC6491817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and it is associated with significant memory loss. In the present study, we hypothesized that the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-urea (also known as TPPU) could alleviate diabetes-aggravated Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms by improving memory and cognition, and reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with this condition. Also, we evaluated the effect of edaravone, an antioxidant on diabetes-induced Alzheimer's-like complications and the additive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the efficacy of TPPU. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after induction of diabetes, animals were either treated with vehicle, edaravone (3 or 10 mg/kg), TPPU (1 mg/kg) or TPPU (1 mg/kg) + DHA (100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The results demonstrate that the treatments increased the memory response of diabetic rats, in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. Indeed, DHA + TPPU were more effective than TPPU alone in reducing the symptoms monitored. All drug treatments reduced oxidative stress and minimized inflammation in the brain of diabetic rats. Expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. Treatment with edaravone (10 mg/kg), TPPU or TPPU + DHA minimized the level of APP. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which metabolizes acetylcholine was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. All the treatments except edaravone (3 mg/kg) were effective in decreasing the activity of AChE and TPPU + DHA was more efficacious than TPPU alone. Intriguingly, the histological changes in hippocampus after treatment with TPPU + DHA showed significant protection of neurons against STZ-induced neuronal damage. Overall, we found that DHA improved the efficacy of TPPU in increasing neuronal survival and memory, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation possibly by stabilizing anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective epoxides of DHA. In the future, further evaluating the detailed mechanisms of action of sEH inhibitor and DHA could help to develop a strategy for the management of Alzheimer's-like complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pardeshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, India
| | - Mohammad Arfeen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Suarez AN, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Regulation of Memory Function by Feeding-Relevant Biological Systems: Following the Breadcrumbs to the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:101. [PMID: 31057368 PMCID: PMC6482164 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) controls fundamental learning and memory processes, including memory for visuospatial navigation (spatial memory) and flexible memory for facts and autobiographical events (declarative memory). Emerging evidence reveals that hippocampal-dependent memory function is regulated by various peripheral biological systems that are traditionally known for their roles in appetite and body weight regulation. Here, we argue that these effects are consistent with a framework that it is evolutionarily advantageous to encode and recall critical features surrounding feeding behavior, including the spatial location of a food source, social factors, post-absorptive processing, and other episodic elements of a meal. We review evidence that gut-to-brain communication from the vagus nerve and from feeding-relevant endocrine systems, including ghrelin, insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), promote hippocampal-dependent spatial and declarative memory via neurotrophic and neurogenic mechanisms. The collective literature reviewed herein supports a model in which various stages of feeding behavior and hippocampal-dependent memory function are closely linked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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113
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Lyra E Silva NDM, Gonçalves RA, Boehnke SE, Forny-Germano L, Munoz DP, De Felice FG. Understanding the link between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: Insights from animal models. Exp Neurol 2019; 316:1-11. [PMID: 30930096 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people worldwide. AD is characterized by a profound impairment of higher cognitive functions and still lacks any effective disease-modifying treatment. Defective insulin signaling has been implicated in AD pathophysiology, but the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying defective brain insulin signaling in rodent models of AD, and in a non-human primate (NHP) model of the disease that recapitulates features observed in AD brains. We further highlight similarities between the NHP and human brains and discuss why NHP models of AD are important to understand disease mechanisms and to improve the translation of effective therapies to humans. We discuss how studies using different animal models have contributed to elucidate the link between insulin resistance and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan E Boehnke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Leticia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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114
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Melo HM, Santos LE, Ferreira ST. Diet-Derived Fatty Acids, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:265. [PMID: 30983955 PMCID: PMC6448040 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Western societies experienced drastic changes in eating habits during the past century. The modern nutritional profile, typically rich in saturated fats and refined sugars, is recognized as a major contributing factor, along with reduced physical activity, to the current epidemics of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and diabetes. Alongside these conditions, recent years have witnessed a gradual and significant increase in prevalence of brain diseases, particularly mood disorders. While substantial clinical/epidemiological evidence supports a correlation between metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders, the mechanisms of pathogenesis in the latter are often multifactorial and causal links have been hard to establish. Neuroinflammation stands out as a hallmark feature of brain disorders that may be linked to peripheral metabolic dyshomeostasis caused by an unhealthy diet. Dietary fatty acids are of particular interest, as they may play a dual role, both as a component of high-calorie obesogenic diets and as signaling molecules involved in inflammatory responses. Here, we review current literature connecting diet-related nutritional imbalance and neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on the role of dietary fatty acids as signaling molecules directly relevant to inflammatory processes and to neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Melo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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115
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Hooshmand B, Rusanen M, Ngandu T, Leiviskä J, Sindi S, von Arnim CAF, Falkai P, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M. Serum Insulin and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. Am J Med 2019; 132:367-373. [PMID: 30502316 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the association of serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance with cognitive functioning 7 years later in a longitudinal population-based study of Finnish older adults. METHODS Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline in 269 dementia-free individuals aged 65-79 years, from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Participants were reexamined 7 years later, and global cognition, episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal expression, and psychomotor speed were assessed, both at baseline and at follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations with cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjusting for several potential confounders, including common vascular risk factors. RESULTS In the multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, no associations of insulin resistance with cognitive functioning were observed. After excluding 19 incident dementia cases, higher baseline HOMA-IR values were related to worse performance in global cognition (β [standard error (SE)] -.050 [0.02]; P = .043) and psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.064 [.03]; P = [.043]) 7 years later. Raised serum insulin levels were associated with lower scores on global cognition (β [SE] -.054 [.03]; P = .045) and tended to relate to poorer performance in psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.061 [.03]; P = .070). CONCLUSIONS Serum insulin and insulin resistance may be independent predictors of cognitive performance 7 years later in elderly individuals without dementia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Germany.
| | - Minna Rusanen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Leiviskä
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, HJELT Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Frazier HN, Ghoweri AO, Anderson KL, Lin RL, Porter NM, Thibault O. Broadening the definition of brain insulin resistance in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 313:79-87. [PMID: 30576640 PMCID: PMC6370304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor number and function was reported in both clinical samples and animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, setting the stage for the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance may underlie memory loss in these conditions. The development of therapeutic insulin delivery to the brain using intranasal insulin administration has been shown to improve aspects of memory or learning in both humans and animal models. However, whether this approach functions by compensating for poorly signaling insulin receptors, for reduced insulin levels in the brain, or for reduced trafficking of insulin into the brain remains unclear. Direct measures of insulin's impact on cellular physiology and metabolism in the brain have been sparse in models of Alzheimer's disease, and even fewer studies have analyzed these processes in the aged brain. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the role of brain insulin as a mediator of glucose metabolism through several means, including altering glucose transporters. Here, we provide a review of contemporary literature on brain insulin resistance, highlight the rationale for improving memory function using intranasal insulin, and describe initial results from experiments using a molecular approach to more directly measure the impact of insulin receptor activation and signaling on glucose uptake in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N Frazier
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Adam O Ghoweri
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Katie L Anderson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Nada M Porter
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Olivier Thibault
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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Neuroprotective Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogues in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:209-223. [PMID: 30511349 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current absence of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects an incomplete knowledge of the underlying disease processes. Considerable efforts have been made to investigate the central pathological features of these diseases, giving rise to numerous attempts to develop compounds that interfere with such features. However, further characterization of the molecular targets within the interconnected AD and PD pathways is still required. Impaired brain insulin signaling has emerged as a feature that contributes to neuronal dysfunction in both AD and PD, leading to strategies aiming at restoring this pathway in the brain. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues marketed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been tested and have shown encouraging protective actions in experimental models of AD and PD as well as in initial clinical trials. We review studies revealing the neuroprotective actions of GLP-1 analogues in pre-clinical models of AD and PD and promising results from recent clinical trials.
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118
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Chan JYK, García-Esquinas E, Ko OH, Tong MCF, Lin SY. The Association Between Diabetes and Olfactory Function in Adults. Chem Senses 2019; 43:59-64. [PMID: 29126164 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant chronic disease that in limited studies has been linked with olfactory dysfunction. We investigated the cross-sectional association between diabetes and olfactory dysfunction in 3151 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 with information on olfactory dysfunction and diabetes. Diabetes was defined from fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL, oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c levels ≥6.5%, physician-diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. Self-reported olfactory dysfunction was defined as a positive answer to any of the following questions: 1) "Have you had problem with smell in the past 12 months?"; 2) "Have you had a change in the ability to smell since age 25?", or 3) "Do you have phantom smells?". Participants were considered to have severe hyposmia or anosmia if they had <5 correct answers in the 8-item pocket smell test. Analyses were adjusted for the main confounders, including olfactory dysfunction risk factors. Compared to non-diabetics, diabetics under insulin treatment showed a higher prevalence of phantom odors [OR(95% CI): 2.42 (1.16; 5.06)] and a non-significant higher prevalence of severe hyposmia/anosmia [OR(95% CI): 1.57 (0.89; 2.78)]. Amongst diabetics, there was a significant trend to severe hyposmia/anosmia for those on more aggressive treatments [OR (95% CI) including oral and insulin treatment compared to those who reported no use of drug treatment, respectively: 1.33 (0.60; 2.96) and 2.86 (1.28; 6.40); P trend 0.01]. No association was observed between diabetes duration and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ying Kuen Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Owen H Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, USA
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Mechanisms Associated with Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer-Related Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5815-5834. [PMID: 30684218 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests dementia and pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are both dependent and independent of amyloid processing and can be induced by multiple 'hits' on vital neuronal functions. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) poses the most important risk factor for developing AD after ageing and dysfunctional IR/PI3K/Akt signalling is a major contributor in both diseases. We developed a model of T2D, coupling subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin (STZ) with a human junk food (HJF) diet to more closely mimic the human condition. Over 35 weeks, this induced classic signs of T2D (hyperglycemia and insulin dysfunction) and a modest, but stable deficit in spatial recognition memory, with very little long-term modification of proteins in or associated with IR/PI3K/Akt signalling in CA1 of the hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular infusion of soluble amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) to mimic the early preclinical rise in Aβ alone induced a more severe, but short-lasting deficits in memory and deregulation of proteins. Infusion of Aβ on the T2D phenotype exacerbated and prolonged the memory deficits over approximately 4 months, and induced more severe aberrant regulation of proteins associated with autophagy, inflammation and glucose uptake from the periphery. A mild form of environmental enrichment transiently rescued memory deficits and could reverse the regulation of some, but not all protein changes. Together, these data identify mechanisms by which T2D could create a modest dysfunctional neuronal milieu via multiple and parallel inputs that permits the development of pathological events identified in AD and memory deficits when Aβ levels are transiently effective in the brain.
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Huang Y, Wan Z, Wang Z, Zhou B. Insulin signaling in Drosophila melanogaster mediates Aβ toxicity. Commun Biol 2019; 2:13. [PMID: 30652125 PMCID: PMC6325060 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes are clinically positively correlated. However, the connection between them is not clarified. Here, using Drosophila as a model system, we show that reducing insulin signaling can effectively suppress the toxicity from Aβ (Amyloid beta 42) expression. On the other hand, Aβ accumulation led to the elevation of fly insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and activation of insulin signaling in the brain. Mechanistically, these observations are attributed to a reciprocal competition between Drosophila insulin-like peptides and Aβ for the activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Intriguingly, peripheral insulin signaling is decreased despite its heightened activity in the brain. While many upstream factors may modify Aβ toxicity, our results suggest that insulin signaling is the main downstream executor of Aβ damage, and thus may serve as a promising target for Alzheimer's treatment in non-diabetes patients. This study explains why more Alzheimer's cases are found in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 45 Changchun St, 100053 Beijing, China
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121
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Lourenco MV, Frozza RL, de Freitas GB, Zhang H, Kincheski GC, Ribeiro FC, Gonçalves RA, Clarke JR, Beckman D, Staniszewski A, Berman H, Guerra LA, Forny-Germano L, Meier S, Wilcock DM, de Souza JM, Alves-Leon S, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Abisambra JF, Tovar-Moll F, Mattos P, Arancio O, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer's models. Nat Med 2019; 25:165-175. [PMID: 30617325 PMCID: PMC6327967 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released upon cleavage of membrane-bound precursor protein FNDC5, also expressed in the hippocampus. Here we show that FNDC5/irisin levels are reduced in AD hippocampi and cerebrospinal fluid, and in experimental AD models. Knockdown of brain FNDC5/irisin impaired long-term potentiation and novel object recognition memory in mice. Conversely, boosting brain levels of FNDC5/irisin rescued synaptic plasticity and memory in AD mouse models. Peripheral overexpression of FNDC5/irisin rescued memory impairment, whereas blockade of either peripheral or brain FNDC5/irisin attenuated the neuroprotective actions of physical exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in AD mice. By showing that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise in AD models, our findings place FNDC5/irisin as a novel agent capable of opposing synapse failure and memory impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rudimar L Frozza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B de Freitas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Zhang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grasielle C Kincheski
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julia R Clarke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Beckman
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Berman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorena A Guerra
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shelby Meier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jorge M de Souza
- Division of Neurosurgery, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Neurology/Epilepsy Program, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza Alves-Leon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Division of Neurology/Epilepsy Program, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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122
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Crunfli F, Vrechi TA, Costa AP, Torrão AS. Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Agonist ACEA Improves Cognitive Deficit on STZ-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Apoptosis Pathway and NO Modulation. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:516-529. [PMID: 30607903 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid system has the ability to modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, acting as a neuroprotective agent, by its relationship with signaling pathways associated to the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Recent reports have raised new perspectives on the possible role of cannabinoid system in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease's (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal death, and progressive cognitive loss, which could be caused by energy metabolism impairment, changes in insulin signaling, chronic oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and Aβ deposition in the brain. Thus, we investigated the presumptive protective effect of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1)-selective receptor agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) against streptozotocin (STZ) exposure stimuli in an in vitro neuronal model (Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells) and in vivo model (intracerebroventricular STZ injection), experimental models of sporadic AD. Our results demonstrated that ACEA treatment reversed cognitive impairment and increased activity of Akt and ERK triggered by STZ, and increased IR expression and increased the anti-apoptotic proteins levels, Bcl-2. In the in vitro model, ACEA was able to rescue cells from STZ-triggered death and modulated the NO release by STZ. Our study has demonstrated a participation of the cannabinoid system in cellular survival, involving the CB1 receptor, which occurs by positive regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins, suggesting the participation of this system in neurodegenerative processes. Our data suggest that the cannabinoid system is an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Crunfli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Talita A Vrechi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andressa P Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andréa S Torrão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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123
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Koseoglu MM, Norambuena A, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS, Bloom GS. Aberrant Neuronal Cell Cycle Re-Entry: The Pathological Confluence of Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Insulin Resistance, and Its Relation to Cancer. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1-11. [PMID: 30452418 PMCID: PMC8363205 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal cell cycle re-entry (CCR) is a phenomenon that precedes and may mechanistically lead to a majority of the neuronal loss observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent developments concerning the regulation of aberrant neuronal CCR in AD suggest that there are potential intracellular signaling "hotspots" in AD, cancer, and brain insulin resistance, the latter of which is characteristically associated with AD. Critically, these common signaling nodes across different human diseases may represent currently untapped therapeutic opportunities for AD. Specifically, repurposing of existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological agents, including experimental therapeutics that target the cell cycle in cancer, may be an innovative avenue for future AD-directed drug discovery and development. In this review we discuss overlapping aspects of AD, cancer, and brain insulin resistance from the perspective of neuronal CCR, and consider strategies to exploit them for prevention or therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Norambuena
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George S Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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124
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Wang H, Hai S, Liu YX, Cao L, Liu Y, Liu P, Yang Y, Dong BR. Associations between Sarcopenic Obesity and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Chinese Community-Dwelling Individuals. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:14-20. [PMID: 30569063 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the association between cognitive impairment and SO in a cohort of elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals. METHODS A total of 948 elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals aged 60-92 years were recruited. The participants were categorized into the following four groups according to their sarcopenia and obesity status: sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic, obese and non-sarcopenic, and non-obese group. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle index of <7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.7 kg/m2 in women; obesity was defined as values greater than the upper two quintiles for body fat percentage stratified by gender of the study population; cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination and defined as a score of <24. RESULTS A total of 945 participants were included in the statistical analyses with a mean age of 68.76 ± 6.50 years. The prevalence of SO was 6.0% (7.3% in men and 4.8% in women). The sarcopenic obese (odds ratio [OR]: 2.550, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.196-5.435) and obese (ORs: 2.141, 95% CI, 1.230-3.728) groups had significantly increased risk for cognitive impairment in fully adjusted model, respectively. CONCLUSION The SO prevalence in elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals was relatively low (6.0%). The present study suggested SO was independently associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Birong Dong, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China, E-mail address:
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125
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Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Puri BK. Could Alzheimer's Disease Originate in the Periphery and If So How So? Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:406-434. [PMID: 29705945 PMCID: PMC6372984 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The classical amyloid cascade model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been challenged by several findings. Here, an alternative molecular neurobiological model is proposed. It is shown that the presence of the APOE ε4 allele, altered miRNA expression and epigenetic dysregulation in the promoter region and exon 1 of TREM2, as well as ANK1 hypermethylation and altered levels of histone post-translational methylation leading to increased transcription of TNFA, could variously explain increased levels of peripheral and central inflammation found in AD. In particular, as a result of increased activity of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) isoform, and changes in ANK1 expression, with subsequent changes in miR-486 leading to altered levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), all of which play major roles in microglial activation, proliferation and survival, there is activation of microglia, leading to the subsequent (further) production of cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and other mediators of inflammation and neurotoxicity. These changes are associated with the development of amyloid and tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction (including impaired activity of the electron transport chain, depleted basal mitochondrial potential and oxidative damage to key tricarboxylic acid enzymes), synaptic dysfunction, altered glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity, mTOR activation, impairment of autophagy, compromised ubiquitin-proteasome system, iron dyshomeostasis, changes in APP translation, amyloid plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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126
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Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Camins A. Potential preventive disease-modifying pharmacological strategies to delay late onset Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1721-1725. [PMID: 31169189 PMCID: PMC6585538 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that was histopathologically characterized in the brain by the presence of extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid β peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Over the years, AD has been classified in two subgroups: early onset or familial AD and late onset or sporadic AD. On the one hand, familial AD has been described to be the result of genetic mutations that cause, in some cases, for the overproduction of amyloid β. On the other, the cause of late onset or sporadic AD is still unclear even though several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the process of severe and progressive memory and cognitive loss. In the present review, some of the current hypotheses that try to explain the origin of late onset or sporadic AD have been summarized. Also, their potential implication in the development of new drugs for the presymptomatic treatment of late onset or sporadic AD has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Rosenberg J, Lechea N, Pentang GN, Shah NJ. What magnetic resonance imaging reveals - A systematic review of the relationship between type II diabetes and associated brain distortions of structure and cognitive functioning. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:79-112. [PMID: 30392901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to its increasing prevalence, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health challenge for modern society. Despite it being of fundamental interest, only a few MRI studies have conducted statistical analyses to draw scientifically valid conclusions about the complex interplay of T2DM and its associated clinical, structural, functional, metabolite, as well as cognitive distortions. Therefore, a systematic review of 68 manuscripts, following the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. Notably, although the associations between imaging, clinical, and cognitive variables are not fully homogeneous, findings show a clear trend towards a link between altered brain structure and a decline in cognitive processing ability. The results of the review highlight the heterogeneity of the methods used across manuscripts in terms of assessed clinical variables, imaging, and data analysis methods. This is particularly significant as, if the subjects' criteria are not carefully considered, results are easily prone to confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rosenberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine & INM-11, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Clinic Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nazim Lechea
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gael N Pentang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine & INM-11, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Clinic Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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128
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Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Rabiee M. A Perspective to the Correlation Between Brain Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer: Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:255-258. [PMID: 30381082 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666181031154817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial terms have been recognized on the associated risk elements, comorbidities as well as, putative pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) as well as, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a few from greatest important disease from the moments. Very much is considered regarding the biology and chemistry of each predicament, nevertheless T2DM and ADRDs are an actually similar pattern developing from the similar origins of maturing or synergistic conditions connected by aggressive patho-corporeal terms and continues to be ambiguous. In this depth-critique article, we aimed to investigate all possibilities and represented a novel and applicable approach from the Medicinal Chemistry concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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129
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Babic Perhoc A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Knezovic A, Farkas V, Bagaric R, Svarc A, Grünblatt E, Riederer P, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Cognitive, behavioral and metabolic effects of oral galactose treatment in the transgenic Tg2576 mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 148:50-67. [PMID: 30571958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with insulin resistance and glucose hypometabolism in the brain. Oral administration of galactose, a nutrient that provides an alternative source of energy, prevents and ameliorates early cognitive impairment in a streptozotocin-induced model (STZ-icv) of the sporadic AD (sAD). Here we explored the influence of 2-month oral galactose treatment (200 mg/kg/day) in the familial AD (fAD) by using 5- (5M) and 10- (10M) month-old transgenic Tg2576 mice mimicking the presymptomatic and the mild stage of fAD, and compared it to that observed in 7-month old STZ-icv rats mimicking mild-to-moderate sAD. Cognitive and behavioral performance was tested by Morris Water Maze, Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze tests, and metabolic status by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography scan. The level of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and soluble amyloid β1-42 (sAβ1-42) was measured by ELISA and the protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and pre-/post-synaptic markers by Western blot analysis. Although galactose normalized alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism in all Tg2576 mice (5M+2M; 10M+2M) and STZ-icv rats, it did not improve cognitive impairment in either model. Improvement of reduced grooming behavior and normalization in reduced plasma insulin levels were seen only in 5M+2M Tg2576 mice while in 10M+2M Tg2576 mice oral galactose induced metabolic exacerbation at the level of plasma insulin, GLP-1 homeostasis and glucose intolerance, and additionally increased hippocampal sAβ1-42 level, decreased IR expression and increased GSK-3β activity. The results indicate that therapeutic potential of oral galactose seems to depend on the stage and the type/model of AD and to differ in the absence and the presence of AD-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Department of Experimental Physics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Bagaric
- Department of Experimental Physics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alfred Svarc
- Department of Experimental Physics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Research and Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia; Research Centre of Excellence of Fundamental, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 12, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Maternal Cognitive Impairment Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-A Review of Potential Contributing Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123894. [PMID: 30563117 PMCID: PMC6321050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carries many risks, where high blood pressure, preeclampsia and future type II diabetes are widely acknowledged, but less focus has been placed on its effect on cognitive function. Although the multifactorial pathogenesis of maternal cognitive impairment is not completely understood, it shares several features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we discuss some key pathophysiologies of GDM that may lead to cognitive impairment, specifically hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. We explain how these incidents: (i) impair the insulin-signaling pathway and/or (ii) lead to cognitive impairment through hyperphosphorylation of τ protein, overexpression of amyloid-β and/or activation of microglia. The aforementioned pathologies impair the insulin-signaling pathway primarily through serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substances (IRS). This then leads to the inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling cascade, which is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and normal cognitive functioning. PI3K/AKT is crucial in maintaining normal cognitive function through the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSκ3β), which hyperphosphorylates τ protein and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines that are neurotoxic. Several biomarkers were also highlighted as potential biomarkers of GDM-related cognitive impairment such as AGEs, serine-phosphorylated IRS-1 and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Although GDM is a transient disease, its complications may be long-term, and hence increased mechanistic knowledge of the molecular changes contributing to cognitive impairment may provide important clues for interventional strategies.
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Effective nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 via coadministration with cell-penetrating peptides for improving progressive cognitive dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17641. [PMID: 30518944 PMCID: PMC6281676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we demonstrated the potential of a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin to deliver the peptide drug insulin to the brain via nasal administration, and its pharmacological effect on the mild cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8). However, the therapeutic potential of intranasal insulin administration was attenuated when applied to the aged SAMP8 with severe cognitive dysfunction. The present study, therefore, aimed to overcome the difficulty in treating severe cognitive dysfunction using insulin by investigating potential alternatives, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as exendin-4. Examination using normal ddY mice demonstrated that the distribution of exendin-4 throughout the brain was dramatically increased by intranasal coadministration with the L-form of penetratin. The activation of hippocampal insulin signaling after the simultaneous nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 and an adequate level of insulin were confirmed by analyzing the phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, spatial learning ability, evaluated in the Morris water maze test after daily administration of exendin-4 with L-penetratin and supplemental insulin for 4 weeks, suggested therapeutic efficacy against severe cognitive dysfunction. The present study suggests that nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 with supplemental insulin, mediated by CPP coadministration, shows promise for the treatment of progressive cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8.
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The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110461. [PMID: 30469430 PMCID: PMC6262561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes by modulating gene expression. They have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and are considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment. Among the various neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently emerging as an important issue due to several unexpected reports suggesting that metabolic issues in the brain, such as insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation, could be important risk factors for AD. To facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in this field, here we review recent studies on lncRNAs in AD and diabetes, and summarize them with different categories associated with the pathogenesis of the diseases including neurogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta accumulation, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation. It is essential to understand the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic AD from various perspectives for therapeutic utilization of lncRNAs in the near future.
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133
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Hardeland R. Melatonin and inflammation-Story of a double-edged blade. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12525. [PMID: 30242884 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Proinflammatory actions, which are well documented by many studies in isolated cells or leukocyte-derived cell lines, can be assumed to enhance the resistance against pathogens. However, they can be detrimental in autoimmune diseases. Anti-inflammatory actions are of particular medicinal interest, because they are observed in high-grade inflammation such as sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, and brain injury, and also in low-grade inflammation during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms contributing to anti-inflammatory effects are manifold and comprise various pathways of secondary signaling. These include numerous antioxidant effects, downregulation of inducible and inhibition of neuronal NO synthases, downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2, inhibition of high-mobility group box-1 signaling and toll-like receptor-4 activation, prevention of inflammasome NLRP3 activation, inhibition of NF-κB activation and upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These effects are also reflected by downregulation of proinflammatory and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Proinflammatory actions of amyloid-β peptides are reduced by enhancing α-secretase and inhibition of β- and γ-secretases. A particular role in melatonin's actions seems to be associated with the upregulation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which shares various effects known from melatonin and additionally interferes with the signaling by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Notch, and reduces the expression of the proinflammatory lncRNA-CCL2. The conclusion on a partial mediation by SIRT1 is supported by repeatedly observed inhibitions of melatonin effects by sirtuin inhibitors or knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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134
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Athauda D, Maclagan K, Budnik N, Zampedri L, Hibbert S, Aviles-Olmos I, Chowdhury K, Skene SS, Limousin P, Foltynie T. Post hoc analysis of the Exenatide-PD trial-Factors that predict response. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:410-421. [PMID: 30070753 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist and a licensed treatment for Type 2 diabetes significantly reduced deterioration in motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. In addition, there were trends favouring the exenatide group in assessments of nonmotor symptoms, cognition, and quality of life. The aim of this exploratory post hoc analysis was to generate new hypotheses regarding (a) whether candidate baseline factors might predict the magnitude of response to exenatide; and (b) whether the beneficial effects of exenatide reported for the overall population are consistent in various subgroups of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine possible predictors of motor response to exenatide in this cohort. Potential treatment by subgroup interactions for changes in; motor severity, nonmotor symptoms, cognition, and quality of life after 48-weeks treatment with exenatide were evaluated among post hoc subgroups defined by age, motor phenotype, disease duration, disease severity, body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance. In the subgroup analyses, exenatide once-weekly was associated with broadly improved outcome measures assessing motor severity, nonmotor symptoms, cognition, and quality of life across all subgroups, however, tremor-dominant phenotype and lower Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part-2 scores predicted greatest motor response to exenatide and there was an indication that patients with older age of onset and disease duration over 10 years responded less well. While patients with a range of demographic and clinical factors can potentially benefit from exenatide once-weekly, these data support an emphasis towards recruiting patients at earlier disease in future planned clinical trials of gluacagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Athauda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Kate Maclagan
- UCL Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit (UCL CCTU), London, UK
| | - Natalia Budnik
- Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neuroscience Centre, London, UK
| | - Luca Zampedri
- Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neuroscience Centre, London, UK
| | - Steve Hibbert
- UCL Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit (UCL CCTU), London, UK
| | - Iciar Aviles-Olmos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Simon S Skene
- UCL Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit (UCL CCTU), London, UK.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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135
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Farzaei MH, Tewari D, Momtaz S, Argüelles S, Nabavi SM. Targeting ERK signaling pathway by polyphenols as novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:183-195. [PMID: 29981370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous chemicals, such as phenolic compounds are strong radical scavengers, capable of alleviating oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration. Dietary antioxidants, especially flavonoids, are being considered as a promising approach to prevent or slow the pathological development of neurological illness and aging. One of the major advantage of natural products is that of their anti-amyloid effects over synthetic counterpart, however a healthy diet provides these beneficial natural substances as nutraceuticals. The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one of the main pharmacological target of natural phenolic compounds, participating in several therapeutic effects. Mounting evidence revealed that numerous bioflavonoids, obtained from a variety of dietary fruits or plants as well as medicinal herbal sources, exhibit protective or therapeutic functions versus development of neurodegenerative diseases mainly through modulation of different compartments of ERK signaling pathway. Currently, there is remarkable interest in the beneficial effects of natural flavonoids to improve neural performance and prevent the onset and development of major neurodegenerative diseases. Natural products originated from medicinal plants, in particular antioxidants, have gained a great deal of attention due to their safe and non-toxic natures. Here, we summarized the effect of natural bioflavonoids on ERK signaling pathway and their molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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136
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Yashin AI, Fang F, Kovtun M, Wu D, Duan M, Arbeev K, Akushevich I, Kulminski A, Culminskaya I, Zhbannikov I, Yashkin A, Stallard E, Ukraintseva S. Hidden heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from genetic association studies and other analyses. Exp Gerontol 2018; 107:148-160. [PMID: 29107063 PMCID: PMC5920782 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite evident success in clarifying many important features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) the efficient methods of its prevention and treatment are not yet available. The reasons are likely to be the fact that AD is a multifactorial and heterogeneous health disorder with multiple alternative pathways of disease development and progression. The availability of genetic data on individuals participated in longitudinal studies of aging health and longevity, as well as on participants of cross-sectional case-control studies allow for investigating genetic and non-genetic connections with AD and to link the results of these analyses with research findings obtained in clinical, experimental, and molecular biological studies of this health disorder. The objective of this paper is to perform GWAS of AD in several study populations and investigate possible roles of detected genetic factors in developing AD hallmarks and in other health disorders. The data collected in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study (LOADFS) were used in these analyses. The logistic regression and Cox's regression were used as statistical models in GWAS. The results of analyses confirmed strong associations of genetic variants from well-known genes APOE, TOMM40, PVRL2 (NECTIN2), and APOC1 with AD. Possible roles of these genes in pathological mechanisms resulting in development of hallmarks of AD are described. Many genes whose connection with AD was detected in other studies showed nominally significant associations with this health disorder in our study. The evidence on genetic connections between AD and vulnerability to infection, as well as between AD and other health disorders, such as cancer and type 2 diabetes, were investigated. The progress in uncovering hidden heterogeneity in AD would be substantially facilitated if common mechanisms involved in development of AD, its hallmarks, and AD related chronic conditions were investigated in their mutual connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Fang Fang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Mikhail Kovtun
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Alexander Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Ilya Zhbannikov
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Arseniy Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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137
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Cellular Receptors of Amyloid β Oligomers (AβOs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071884. [PMID: 29954063 PMCID: PMC6073792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects tens of millions of people, comprising not only suffering patients, but also their relatives and caregivers. AD is one of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) characterized by progressive synaptic damage and neuronal loss, which result in gradual cognitive impairment leading to dementia. The cause of AD remains still unresolved, despite being studied for more than a century. The hallmark pathological features of this disease are senile plaques within patients’ brain composed of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Tau protein. However, the roles of Aβ and Tau in AD pathology are being questioned and other causes of AD are postulated. One of the most interesting theories proposed is the causative role of amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) aggregation in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, binding of AβOs to cell membranes is probably mediated by certain proteins on the neuronal cell surface acting as AβO receptors. The aim of our paper is to describe alternative hypotheses of AD etiology, including genetic alterations and the role of misfolded proteins, especially Aβ oligomers, in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, in this review we present various putative cellular AβO receptors related to toxic activity of oligomers.
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138
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Fernandes J, Ghate MV, Basu Mallik S, Lewis SA. Amino acid conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for the brain targeting of a model dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:563-571. [PMID: 29906562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Saxagliptin (SAX) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitor molecule now explored for its activity in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Being extremely hydrophilic, it is unable to permeate the blood-brain barrier by the conventional therapy modalities. Further repurposing the drug, SAX is associated with a reduction in the blood sugar level in the periphery. In the present study, the chitosan-l-valine conjugate was synthesized by carbodiimide chemistry. The conjugate was then used to prepare nanoparticles encapsulating SAX. The nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, surface morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The stability of the formulations was determined by incubation with rat plasma and brain homogenate. The blood brain barrier permeability of the nanoparticles was successfully demonstrated by the incorporation of fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B in the nanoparticles. In vivo studies were conducted in rats and the results showed that the nanoparticles were highly stable in the plasma releasing only a minute amount of SAX (2.5 ng/mL) which was less than the Cmax of the pure SAX (51 ng/mL). The brain uptake studies showed an accumulation of 53 ng/mL SAX from the nanoparticles whereas the pure SAX showed no detectable amount of the drug after 24 h. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that nanoparticles had an (AUC0-t) of 3.42 times lower than the pure SAX, indicating the stability of the prepared formulation in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanchari Basu Mallik
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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139
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Chatterjee S, Mudher A. Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:383. [PMID: 29950970 PMCID: PMC6008657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most prevalent diseases in the elderly population worldwide. A growing body of epidemiological studies suggest that people with T2DM are at a higher risk of developing AD. Likewise, AD brains are less capable of glucose uptake from the surroundings resembling a condition of brain insulin resistance. Pathologically AD is characterized by extracellular plaques of Aβ and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. T2DM, on the other hand is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In this review we have discussed how Insulin resistance in T2DM directly exacerbates Aβ and tau pathologies and elucidated the pathophysiological traits of synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagic impairments that are common to both diseases and indirectly impact Aβ and tau functions in the neurons. Elucidation of the underlying pathways that connect these two diseases will be immensely valuable for designing novel drug targets for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Chatterjee
- Centre of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Centre of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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140
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Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Babic A, Bagaric R, Farkas V, Riederer P, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates effects of oral galactose in streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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141
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Tsutsui Y, Hays FA. A Link Between Alzheimer's and Type II Diabetes Mellitus? Ca +2 -Mediated Signal Control and Protein Localization. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700219. [PMID: 29694668 PMCID: PMC6166406 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose protein localization dependent signal activation (PLDSA) as a model to describe pre-existing protein partitioning between the cytosol, and membrane surface, as a means to modulate signal activation, specificity, and robustness. We apply PLDSA to explain possible molecular links between type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by describing Ca+2 -mediated interactions between the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase and p52Shc adaptor protein. We suggest that these interactions may serve as a contributing factor to disease development and progression. In particular, we propose that signaling response is regulated, in part, by Ca+2 -mediated partitioning of lipid-bound and soluble forms of Src and p52shc. Thus, protein-protein interactions that drive signaling in response to extracellular ligand binding are also mediated by partitioning of signaling proteins between membrane-bound and soluble populations. We propose that PLDSA effects may explain, in part, the evolutionary basis of promiscuous protein interaction domains and their importance in cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tsutsui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
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142
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Nguyen TTL, Chan LC, Borreginne K, Kale RP, Hu C, Tye SJ. A review of brain insulin signaling in mood disorders: From biomarker to clinical target. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:7-15. [PMID: 29758232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction. Co-occurrence of the two conditions is typically associated with a more severe disease course and poorer treatment outcomes. The specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between mood and metabolic dysfunction remains poorly understood. However, it is likely that impairment of metabolic processes within the brain play a critical role. The insulin signaling pathway mediates metabolic homeostasis and is important in the regulation of neurotrophic and synaptic plasticity processes, including those involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Thus, insulin signaling in the brain may serve to link metabolic function and mood. Central insulin signaling is mediated through locally secreted insulin and widespread insulin receptor expression. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data addressing the relationships between central insulin signaling, cellular metabolism, neurotrophic processes, and mood regulation, including key points of mechanistic overlap. These relationships have important implications for developing biomarker-based diagnostics and precision medicine approaches to treat severe mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thanh L Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Biology and Psychology, Green Mountain College, 1 Brennan Cir, Poultney, VT, 05764, United States
| | - Lily C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kristin Borreginne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Rajas P Kale
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 3 Morrill Hall, 100 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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143
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Gupta S, Yadav K, Mantri SS, Singhal NK, Ganesh S, Sandhir R. Evidence for Compromised Insulin Signaling and Neuronal Vulnerability in Experimental Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8916-8935. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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144
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McEwen BS. Redefining neuroendocrinology: Epigenetics of brain-body communication over the life course. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:8-30. [PMID: 29132949 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress that perceives and determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the stressor, and it does so somewhat differently in males and females. The expression of steroid hormone receptors throughout the brain has broadened the definition of 'neuroendocrinology' to include the reciprocal communication between the entire brain and body via hormonal and neural pathways. Mediated in part via systemic hormonal influences, the adult and developing brain possess remarkable structural and functional plasticity in response to stress, including neuronal replacement, dendritic remodeling, and synapse turnover. This article is both an account of an emerging field elucidating brain-body interactions at multiple levels, from molecules to social organization, as well as a personal account of my laboratory's role and, most importantly, the roles of trainees and colleagues, along with my involvement in interdisciplinary groups working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. http://www.rockefeller.edu/labheads/mcewen/mcewen-lab.php
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145
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High-Fructose Consumption Impairs the Redox System and Protein Quality Control in the Brain of Syrian Hamsters: Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7973-7986. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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146
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Lutski M, Weinstein G, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. Insulin Resistance and Future Cognitive Performance and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:633-643. [PMID: 28304291 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of cognitive performance is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between IR and cognitive performance and change in cognitive functions two decades later in individuals with cardiovascular disease with and without diabetes. METHODS A subset of 489 surviving patients (mean age at baseline 57.7±6.5 y) with coronary heart disease who previously participated in the secondary prevention Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP trial; 1990-1997), were included in the current neurocognitive study. Biochemical parameters including IR (using the homeostasis model of assessment; HOMA-IR) were measured at baseline. During 2004-2008, computerized cognitive assessment and atherosclerosis parameters were measured (T1; n = 558; mean age 72.6±6.4 years). A second cognitive assessment was performed during 2011-2013 (T2; n = 351; mean age 77.2±6.4 years). Cognitive function, overall and in specific domains, was assessed. We used linear regression models and linear mixed models to evaluate the differences in cognitive performance and decline, respectively. RESULTS Controlling for potential confounders, IR (top HOMA-IR quartile versus others) was associated with subsequent poorer cognitive performance overall (β= -4.45±Standard Error (SE) 1.54; p = 0.004) and on tests of memory and executive function among non-diabetic patients (β= -7.16±2.38; p = 0.003 and β= -3.33±1.84; p = 0.073, respectively). Moreover, among non-diabetic patients, IR was related to a greater decline overall (β= -0.17±0.06; p = 0.008), and in memory (β= -0.22±0.10; p = 0.024) and executive function (β= -0.19±0.08; p = 0.012). The observed associations did not differ after excluding subjects with prevalent stroke or dementia. CONCLUSION IR is related to subsequent poorer cognitive performance and greater cognitive decline among patients with cardiovascular disease with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Lutski
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Tanne
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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147
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Kuga GK, Muñoz VR, Gaspar RC, Nakandakari SCBR, da Silva ASR, Botezelli JD, Leme JACDA, Gomes RJ, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Impaired insulin signaling and spatial learning in middle-aged rats: The role of PTP1B. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:66-71. [PMID: 29421605 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The insulin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus promotes synaptic plasticity and memory formation. On the other hand, aging is related to the cognitive decline and is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is related to several deleterious processes in neurons and emerges as a promising target for new therapies. In this context, our study aims to investigate the age-related changes in PTP1B content, insulin signaling, β-amyloid content, and Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of middle-aged rats. Young (3 months) and middle-aged (17 months) Wistar rats were submitted to Morris-water maze (MWM) test, insulin tolerance test, and molecular analysis in the hippocampus. Aging resulted in increased body weight, and insulin resistance and decreases learning process in MWM. Interestingly, the middle-aged rats have higher levels of PTP-1B, lower phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, GSK3β, mTOR, and TrkB. Also, the aging process increased Tau phosphorylation and β-amyloid content in the hippocampus region. In summary, this study provides new evidence that aging-related PTP1B increasing, contributing to insulin resistance and the onset of the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Keine Kuga
- Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Diego Botezelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo José Gomes
- Department of Biosciences, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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148
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Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Gómez-Mínguez Y, Cabrera H, Busquets O, Beas-Zarate C, García ML, Carro E, Casadesus G, Auladell C, Vázquez Carrera M, Folch J, Camins A. Peripheral and Central Effects of Memantine in a Mixed Preclinical Mice Model of Obesity and Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7327-7339. [PMID: 29404958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and aging are risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms through which obesity interacts with β-amyloid (Aβ) to promote cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Memantine (MEM), a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is currently used for the treatment of AD. Nonetheless, few studies have reported its effects on genetic preclinical models of this neurodegenerative disease exacerbated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Therefore, the present research aims to elucidate the effects of MEM on familial AD HFD-induced insulin resistance and learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, it aspires to determine the possible underlying mechanisms that connect AD to T2DM. Wild type and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were used in this study. The animals were fed with either chow or HFD until 6 months of age, and they were treated with MEM-supplemented water (30 mg/kg) during the last 12 weeks. Our study demonstrates that MEM improves the metabolic consequences produced by HFD in this model of familial AD. Behavioural assessments confirmed that the treatment also improves animals learning abilities and decreases memory loss. Moreover, MEM treatment improves brain insulin signalling upregulating AKT, as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) expression, and modulates the amyloidogenic pathway, which, in turn, reduced the accumulation of Aβ. Moreover, this drug increases the activation of molecules involved with insulin signalling in the liver, such as insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), which is a key protein regulating hepatic resistance to insulin. These results provide new insight into the role of MEM not only in the occurrence of AD treatment, but also in its potential application on peripheral metabolic disorders where Aβ plays a key role, as is the case of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gómez-Mínguez
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrry Cabrera
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara and División de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez Carrera
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacología, Toxicologia i Quimica Terapéutica, Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociencias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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149
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Folch J, Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Sánchez-López E, Castro-Torres RD, Verdaguer E, Manzine PR, Poor SR, García ML, Olloquequi J, Beas-Zarate C, Auladell C, Camins A. The Implication of the Brain Insulin Receptor in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Dementia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E11. [PMID: 29382127 PMCID: PMC5874707 DOI: 10.3390/ph11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), which form senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and, eventually, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have described a relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and this pathology, being one of the risk factors for the development of AD pathogenesis. Information as it is, it would point out that, impairment in insulin signalling and glucose metabolism, in central as well as peripheral systems, would be one of the reasons for the cognitive decline. Brain insulin resistance, also known as Type 3 diabetes, leads to the increase of Aβ production and TAU phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and cognitive impairment, which are all hallmarks of AD. Moreover, given the complexity of interlocking mechanisms found in late onset AD (LOAD) pathogenesis, more data is being obtained. Recent evidence showed that Aβ42 generated in the brain would impact negatively on the hypothalamus, accelerating the "peripheral" symptomatology of AD. In this situation, Aβ42 production would induce hypothalamic dysfunction that would favour peripheral hyperglycaemia due to down regulation of the liver insulin receptor. The objective of this review is to discuss the existing evidence supporting the concept that brain insulin resistance and altered glucose metabolism play an important role in pathogenesis of LOAD. Furthermore, we discuss AD treatment approaches targeting insulin signalling using anti-diabetic drugs and mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Rubén D Castro-Torres
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico.
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia R Manzine
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Saghar Rabiei Poor
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Luisa García
- Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico.
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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150
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Griffith CM, Eid T, Rose GM, Patrylo PR. Evidence for altered insulin receptor signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:202-215. [PMID: 29353052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data have shown that metabolic disease can increase the propensity for developing cognitive decline and dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). While this interaction is not completely understood, clinical studies suggest that both hyper- and hypoinsulinemia are associated with an increased risk for developing AD. Indeed, insulin signaling is altered in post-mortem brain tissue from AD patients and treatments known to enhance insulin signaling can improve cognitive function. Further, clinical evidence has shown that AD patients and mouse models of AD often display alterations in peripheral metabolism. Since insulin is primarily derived from the periphery, it is likely that changes in peripheral insulin levels lead to alterations in central nervous system (CNS) insulin signaling and could contribute to cognitive decline and pathogenesis. Developing a better understanding of the relationship between alterations in peripheral metabolism and cognitive function might provide a foundation for the development of better treatment options for patients with AD. In this article we will begin to piece together the present data defining this relationship by briefly discussing insulin signaling in the periphery and CNS, its role in cognitive function, insulin's relationship to AD, peripheral metabolic alterations in mouse models of AD and how information from these models helps understand the mechanisms through which these changes potentially lead to impairments in insulin signaling in the CNS, and potential ways to target insulin signaling that could improve cognitive function in AD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Griffith
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gregory M Rose
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Peter R Patrylo
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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