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Gelanew T, Seyoum B, Mulu A, Mihret A, Abebe M, Wassie L, Gelaw B, Sorsa A, Merid Y, Muchie Y, Teklemariam Z, Tesfaye B, Osman M, Jebessa G, Atinafu A, Hailu T, Habte A, Kenea D, Gadisa A, Admasu D, Tesfaye E, Bates TA, Bulcha JT, Tschopp R, Tsehay D, Mullholand K, Howe R, Genetu A, Tafesse FG, Abdissa A. High seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Ethiopian healthcare workers. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:261. [PMID: 35296265 PMCID: PMC8926102 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has a devastating impact on the economies and health care system of sub-Saharan Africa. Healthcare workers (HWs), the main actors of the health system, are at higher risk because of their occupation. Serology-based estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HWs represent a measure of HWs' exposure to the virus and could be used as a guide to the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community and valuable in combating COVID-19. This information is currently lacking in Ethiopia and other African countries. This study aimed to develop an in-house antibody testing assay, assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Ethiopian high-risk frontline HWs. METHODS We developed and validated an in-house Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for specific detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies. We then used this assay to assess the seroprevalence among HWs in five public hospitals located in different geographic regions of Ethiopia. From consenting HWs, blood samples were collected between December 2020 and February 2021, the period between the two peaks of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaire-based interviews. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the overall and post-stratified seroprevalence and the association between seropositivity and potential risk factors. RESULTS Our successfully developed in-house assay sensitivity was 100% in serum samples collected 2- weeks after the first onset of symptoms whereas its specificity in pre-COVID-19 pandemic sera was 97.7%. Using this assay, we analyzed a total of 1997 sera collected from HWs. Of 1997 HWs who provided a blood sample, and demographic and clinical data, 51.7% were females, 74.0% had no symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and 29.0% had a history of contact with suspected or confirmed patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall seroprevalence was 39.6%. The lowest (24.5%) and the highest (48.0%) seroprevalence rates were found in Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital in Harar and ALERT Hospital in Addis Ababa, respectively. Of the 821 seropositive HWs, 224(27.3%) of them had a history of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 while 436 (> 53%) of them had no contact with COVID-19 cases as well as no history of COVID-19 like symptoms. A history of close contact with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases is associated with seropositivity (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8; p = 0.015). CONCLUSION High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence levels were observed in the five Ethiopian hospitals. These findings highlight the significant burden of asymptomatic infection in Ethiopia and may reflect the scale of transmission in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Sorsa
- Arsi University, Asella College of Health Sciences, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Merid
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Muchie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Teklemariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mahlet Osman
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Jebessa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Atinafu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Hailu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Antenehe Habte
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagaga Kenea
- Arsi University, Asella College of Health Sciences, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Gadisa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Admasu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Emnet Tesfaye
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jote Tafese Bulcha
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rea Tschopp
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kim Mullholand
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Genetu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
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102
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Spies R, Potter M, Govender S, Kirk L, Rauch S, Black J. SARS-CoV-2 infection in public hospital medical doctors in an Eastern Cape metro. S Afr J Infect Dis 2022; 37:335. [PMID: 35399560 PMCID: PMC8991316 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Spies
- Department of Medicine, Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Matthew Potter
- Department of Medicine, Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Sudarshan Govender
- Department of Medicine, Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Luke Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Simon Rauch
- Department of Medicine, Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - John Black
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Livingstone Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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103
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Correia RF, da Costa ACC, Moore DCBC, Gomes Junior SC, de Oliveira MPC, Zuma MCC, Galvani RG, Savino W, Bonomo AC, Vasconcelos ZFM, Artmann E. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and social inequalities in different subgroups of healthcare workers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 7:100170. [PMID: 35005692 PMCID: PMC8718903 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has exacerbated health inequalities worldwide. Yet, such a perspective has not been investigated in specific healthcare workers and their resulting inclusion as a priority group for vaccination have been an important focus of political and social discussion. This study aimed at investigating whether SARS-CoV-2-seropositivity in healthcare workers in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was influenced by social determinants of health and the social vulnerability in subgroups of workers. Methods A serological survey was conducted in 1,154 healthcare workers in June and July 2020. The association between the serological test results for detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and socioeconomic, occupational characteristics and transportation used by the workers to commute was assessed using the Pearson´s chi-square test and Cramer's V. Findings Overall, the serum prevalence for the virus in the healthcare workers was 30% (342/1141). Non-white workers (208/561) with lower income (169/396) and schooling (150/353), as well as users of the mass transportation system (157/246) showed the highest infection rates. Importantly they mostly corresponded to hospital support workers (131/324), in particular the cleaning personnel (42/70). Accordingly, income, schooling and work modality appeared as negative predictors, as ascertained by forest plot analysis. Interpretations The data clearly illustrate the inequality in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Brazilian population, comprising even healthcare workers of the Brazilian unified health system. Fundings This study was financed by Fiocruz, CNPq, Faperj, Capes, FOCEM/Mercosur and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fernandes Correia
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox Moore
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes Junior
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Carneiro de Oliveira
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Chaves Zuma
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Gonçalves Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biomedicine, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro 20271-091, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cesar Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira Vasconcelos
- National Institute of Health for Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Figueira/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Artmann
- National School of Public Health/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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104
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Juyal D, Pal S, Negi N, Thaledi S. Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination for Healthcare Workers: Need of the Hour. World J Nucl Med 2022; 21:83-84. [PMID: 35502273 PMCID: PMC9056123 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Juyal
- Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shekhar Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Thaledi
- Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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105
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Jahan N, Brahma A, Kumar MS, Bagepally BS, Ponnaiah M, Bhatnagar T, Murhekar MV. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in India, March 2020 to August 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 116:59-67. [PMID: 34968773 PMCID: PMC8712428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION India experienced 2 waves of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and reported the second highest caseload globally. Seroepidemiologic studies were done to track the course of the pandemic. We systematically reviewed and synthesized the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian population. METHODS We included studies reporting seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2020 to August 11, 2021 and excluded studies done only among patients with COVID-19 and vaccinated individuals. We searched published databases, preprint servers, and government documents using a combination of keywords and medical subheading (MeSH) terms of "Seroprevalence AND SARS-CoV-2 AND India". We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool, and WHO's statement on the Reporting of Seroepidemiological Studies for SARS-CoV-2 (ROSES-S). We calculated pooled seroprevalence along with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) during the first (March 2020 to February 2021) and second wave (March to August 2021). We also estimated seroprevalence by selected demographic characteristics. RESULTS We identified 3821 studies and included 53 studies with 905379 participants after excluding duplicates, screening of titles and abstracts and full-text screening. Of the 53, 20 studies were of good quality. Some of the reviewed studies did not report adequate information on study methods (sampling = 24% (13/53); laboratory = 83% [44/53]). Studies of 'poor' quality had more than one of the following issues: unjustified sample size, nonrepresentative sample, nonclassification of nonrespondents, results unadjusted for demographics and methods insufficiently explained to enable replication. Overall pooled seroprevalence was 20.7% in the first (95% CI = 16.1 to 25.3) and 69.2% (95% CI = 64.5 to 73.8) in the second wave. Seroprevalence did not differ by age in first wave, whereas in the second, it increased with age. Seroprevalence was slightly higher among women in the second wave. In both the waves, the estimate was higher in urban than in rural areas. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence increased by 3-fold between the 2 waves of the pandemic in India. Our review highlights the need for designing and reporting studies using standard protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzrath Jahan
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Adarsha Brahma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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106
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Bordino V, Marengo N, Garlasco J, Cornio AR, Meddis D, Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Memoli G, Gianino MM, Vicentini C, Zotti CM. Cross-sectional study of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among health-care workers and residents of long-term facilities in Italy, January 2021. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3054-3062. [PMID: 35212416 PMCID: PMC9088524 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) are high‐risk settings for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This study aimed to describe SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity among residents of LTCFs and health‐care workers (HCWs). Subjects were recruited in January 2021 among unvaccinated HCWs of LTCFs and hospitals and residents of LTCFs in Northern Italy. Information concerning previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and a sample of peripheral blood were collected. Anti‐S SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies were measured using the EUROIMMUN Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 QuantiVac ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG). For subjects with previous COVID‐19 infection, gender, age, type of subject (HCW or resident), and time between last positive swab and blood draw were considered as possible determinants of two outcomes: the probability to obtain a positive serological result and antibody titer. Six hundred and fifty‐eight subjects were enrolled. 56.1% of all subjects and 65% of residents presented positive results (overall median antibody titer: 31.0 RU/ml). Multivariable models identified a statistically significant 4% decrease in the estimated antibody level for each 30‐day increase from the last positive swab. HCWs were associated with significant odds for seroreversion over time (OR: 0.926 for every 30 days, 95% CI: 0.860–0.998), contrary to residents (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 0.919–1.22). Age and gender were not factors predicting seropositivity over time. Residents could have a higher probability of maintaining a seropositive status over time compared to HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bordino
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Marengo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Jacopo Garlasco
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Davide Meddis
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Memoli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Carla Maria Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
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- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
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107
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Basheer A, Kanungo R, Ratnam VJ, Kandasamy R. Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Center in South India. Cureus 2022; 14:e22520. [PMID: 35345731 PMCID: PMC8956499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Seroprevalence in this group may offer insights into trends to monitor and revise strategies to prevent transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases among healthcare workers at a tertiary care center to detect IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Seropositivity was calculated during both phases, and possible associations were determined using regression analysis. Results A total of 382 and 168 HCWs took part in the two phases, respectively. IgG antibodies were detected in 13 of 382 (3.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2%-5.7%) and 71 of 168 (42.3%) participants in the first and second phases, respectively. Receiving at least one dose of vaccine (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.028) were factors associated with the presence of antibodies, while gender, job type, exposure to COVID-19 cases, and comorbidities were not associated with seropositivity. Conclusion Serosurveys among HCWs may help identify transmission patterns and redesign infection control practices in the healthcare setting.
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108
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COVID-19 seroprevalence amongst healthcare workers: potential biases in estimating infection prevalence. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e48. [PMID: 35184764 PMCID: PMC8914136 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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109
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Airoldi C, Calcagno A, Di Perri G, Valinotto R, Gallo L, Locana E, Trunfio M, Patrucco F, Vineis P, Faggiano F. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Workers in Northern Italy. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:224-232. [PMID: 34365502 PMCID: PMC8385866 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among active workers is poor known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) among a convenience sample of workers and to identify high-risk job sectors during the first pandemic way. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 28 March and 7 August 2020, recorded by a private healthcare center located in North-West Italy. Association among seroprevalence and demographic and occupational variables was evaluated using chi square test and the seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS We collected the results for 23568 serological tests from a sample of 22708 workers from about 1000 companies. Median age was 45 years and about 60% of subjects were male. The overall seroprevalence was 4.97% [95%CI 4.69-5.25]. No statistical difference was found among gender while seroprevalence was associated with subjects' age, geographical location, and occupational sector. Significantly higher values of positivity were observed for the logistics sector (31.3%), weaving factory (12.6%), nursing homes (9.8%), and chemical industry (6.9%) workers. However, we observed some clusters of cases in single companies independently from the sector.Then, a detailed focus on 940 food workers shown a seroprevalence of 5.21% [95%CI 3.79-6.63] and subjects who self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and who worked during lockdown had a higher probability of being infected (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Data obtained might be useful for future public health decision; more than occupation sector, it seems that failure on prevention system in single companies increase the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Airoldi
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Gallo
- DC, Centro Diagnostico Cernaia (Gruppo C.D.C), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Trunfio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL TO2, C.so Svizzera 164 Torino 10149, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1 PG, UK
| | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Department of Translation Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17 Novara, 20100, Italy.,Osservatorio Epidemiologico, ASL Vercelli, Italy
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Korona-Głowniak I, Mielnik M, Podgajna M, Grywalska E, Hus M, Matuska K, Wojtysiak-Duma B, Duma D, Glowniak A, Malm A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042319. [PMID: 35206504 PMCID: PMC8871845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline, struggling with the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To describe recent or past infections, the serological assays enabled the assessment of the immune response developed in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the period when testing was hardly available. In this study, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in a Polish teaching hospital and the Regional Occupational Medicine Center after both the first and the second waves. ELISA-based tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were used to determine immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in volunteer HCWs who worked in those institutions in May 2020 (208 participants aged 47.1 ± 12.5, 88% women) and in December 2020 (179 participants aged 45.2 ± 12.4, 86% woman). Risk factors for seropositivity were also assessed using a questionnaire filled out by all participants. We reported a significant increase in seroprevalence after the second wave (22.9%) compared with the first outbreak (2.4%) (OR 12.1; 95%CI 4.6–31.3; p < 0.0001). An association between IgG seroprevalence and severity of infections was noted. Furthermore, we demonstrated that amongst medical personnel, nurses exhibited a proportionally higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Moreover, given the high seroprevalence in non-clinical group of HCWs, we suggest that community transmission can play a superior role to workplace exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Mielnik
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Martyna Podgajna
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Marek Hus
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Matuska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Beata Wojtysiak-Duma
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.W.-D.); (D.D.)
| | - Dariusz Duma
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.W.-D.); (D.D.)
| | - Andrzej Glowniak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Clinical Department of Electrocardiology, SPSK-4 University Hospital, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.)
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Dulovic A, Kessel B, Harries M, Becker M, Ortmann J, Griesbaum J, Jüngling J, Junker D, Hernandez P, Gornyk D, Glöckner S, Melhorn V, Castell S, Heise JK, Kemmling Y, Tonn T, Frank K, Illig T, Klopp N, Warikoo N, Rath A, Suckel C, Marzian AU, Grupe N, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Kerrinnes T, Krause G, Lange B, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Strengert M. Comparative Magnitude and Persistence of Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in the Adult Population in Germany. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828053. [PMID: 35251012 PMCID: PMC8888837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune protection. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focus on studying the impact of one or two immunisation schemes within subpopulations such as immunocompromised individuals or healthcare workers. To provide information on the duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed antibody titres against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern in samples from a large German population-based seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all currently available immunisation schemes. We found that homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S.2 performance was particularly concerning with reduced titres and 91.7% of samples classified as non-responsive for ACE2 binding inhibition, suggesting that recipients require a booster mRNA vaccination. While mRNA vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies, vector-based vaccines resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why these vaccines have increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received, which could aid future dose allocation should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Overall, both titres and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-second vaccination and then decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Barbora Kessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ortmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jüngling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Gornyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Glöckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Melhorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Frank
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Neha Warikoo
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Rath
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christina Suckel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Ulrike Marzian
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicole Grupe
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kerrinnes
- Department of RNA-Biology of Bacterial Infections, Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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Knežević D, Petković M, Božić L, Miljuš N, Mijović B, Aćimović J, Djaković-Dević J, Puhalo-Sladoje D, Mašić S, Spaić D, Todorović N, Pilipović-Broćeta N, Petrović V, Bokonjić D, Stojiljković MP, Škrbić R. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among primary healthcare workers in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina: A cross-sectional study. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:18-26. [PMID: 35156939 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCW) in primary healthcare centres in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are on the first combat line with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCW at the primary healthcare centres and to analyse the risk exposure to COVID-19, clinical signs and vaccination status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCW at the selected primary healthcare centres between 19 March and 30 April 2021. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,023 HCW (mean age 45 years; 71% female) were included in the study. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 69.5% of all participants. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among primary healthcare centres from different geographical regions. As many as 432 (42%) of all participants had confirmed COVID-19 symptoms before the study and, 84.8% of them were seropositive. This study showed that 702 primary HCW were vaccinated with any of these vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Pfizer/Biontech. High titre of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found amongst those who received one (92.6%) or both (97.2%) doses of vaccines. In this study, we report high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW in primary healthcare in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during the third pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Knežević
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miroslav Petković
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Božić
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Miljuš
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Biljana Mijović
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jela Aćimović
- 3 Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Djaković-Dević
- 3 Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Puhalo-Sladoje
- 4 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srdjan Mašić
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan Spaić
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nevena Todorović
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Pilipović-Broćeta
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Verica Petrović
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- 6 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miloš P Stojiljković
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Assessment of Diagnostic Specificity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Tests and Their Application for Monitoring of Seroconversion and Stability of Antiviral Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers in Moscow. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020429. [PMID: 35208883 PMCID: PMC8874386 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is an efficient tool to assess the proportion of seropositive population due to infection and/or vaccination. Numerous test systems utilizing various antigen composition(s) are routinely used for detection and quantitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We determined their diagnostic specificity using archived true-negative samples collected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using test systems demonstrating 98.5–100% specificity, we assessed the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and durability of anti-spike (S) antibodies in healthcare professionals (n = 100) working in Moscow during the first two cycles of the pandemic (May 2020 to June 2021) outside of the “red zone”. Analysis revealed a rapid increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from 19 to 80% (19/100 and 80/100, respectively) due to virus exposition/infection; only 16.3% of seroconversion cases (13/80) were due to vaccination, but not the virus exposure, although massive COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare workers was performed beginning in December 2020. In total, 12.7% (8/63) remained positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM for >6 months, indicating unsuitability of IgM for identification of newly infected individuals. All except one remained seropositive for anti-S antibodies for >9 months on average. Significant (>15%) declines in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations were observed in only 18% of individuals (9/50). Our data on the high seropositivity rate and stability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in healthcare personnel working outside of the “red zone” indicate their regular exposition to SARS-CoV-2/an increased risk of infection, while a low frequency of vaccine-induced antibody response acquired after the start of vaccination points to vaccine hesitancy.
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114
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Dusefante A, Negro C, D’Agaro P, Segat L, Purpuri A, Cegolon L, Larese Filon F. Occupational Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospital Health Care Workers: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020263. [PMID: 35207550 PMCID: PMC8874671 DOI: 10.3390/life12020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at a particular high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to direct and indirect exposure to COVID-19 patients and Aerosol-Generating Procedures (AGPs). The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs exposed to COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the adherence and effectiveness of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures, to describe the clinical presentation for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs and to determine serological responses in HCWs. Methods: HCWs exposed to COVID-19 patients during the previous 14 days with a confirmed case status were recruited as cases; HCWs exposed to COVID-19 patients during the previous 14 days in the same ward without a suspected/probable/confirmed case status were recruited as controls. Serum samples were collected as soon as possible and after 21–28 days from all participants. Data were collected with a WHO standardized questionnaire as soon as possible and after 21–28 days. Results: All social, occupational and personal variables considered were not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Our study showed a high knowledge of IPC measures and very high PPE use among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dusefante
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (C.N.); (A.P.); (F.L.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Corrado Negro
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (C.N.); (A.P.); (F.L.F.)
| | - Pierlanfranco D’Agaro
- Hygiene & Public Health Clinical Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
- Hygiene & Public Health Clinical Unit, Department of Laboratory, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Segat
- Hygiene & Public Health Clinical Unit, Department of Laboratory, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Antonio Purpuri
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (C.N.); (A.P.); (F.L.F.)
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (C.N.); (A.P.); (F.L.F.)
- Public Health Department, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), 34129 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (C.N.); (A.P.); (F.L.F.)
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Associated Factors in Healthcare Workers before the Era of Vaccination at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020258. [PMID: 35214715 PMCID: PMC8875971 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs), as frontliners, are assumed to be among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection, especially HCWs directly involved in patient care. However, the data on the COVID-19 infection and seroprevalence rates are limited in HCWs. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence rates in HCWs according to risk groups for COVID-19 contraction in a large cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. We enrolled 1974 HCWs before the vaccination programs. In two separate semi-quantitative ELISAs, either IgA or IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1 (S1) were measured. The proportion of positive test results for IgG, IgA, or both against SARS-CoV-2 of study subjects was 19% (375/1974). Frontline HCWs who had contact with patients (21.7%, RR 2.1 [1.51–2.92]) and HCWs in working in the COVID-19 units, intensive care units, or emergency department (19.7%, RR 1.61 [1.12–2.32]) had a notably higher Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG compared to the rest of HCWs who has no daily patient contacts ([11.1%]; p < 0.0001). HCWs who care for regular patients in the medium-risk group have also experienced a sustained higher risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. We should enhance the precaution against COVID-19 to protect HCW’s safety through challenging times.
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Costa JPD, Meireles P, Rodrigues PNS, Barros H. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of workers from the University of Porto, Portugal. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:441-447. [PMID: 35129057 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2035429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated serosurveys in the same population provide more accurate estimates of the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and more comparable data over time than notified cases. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, identify associated factors, and assess time trends in the ratio of serological/molecular diagnosis in a cohort of university workers. METHODS Participants had a serological rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins M and G, and completed a questionnaire, in May-July 2020 (n = 3628) and November 2020-January 2021 (n = 2661); 1960 participated in both evaluations and provided data to compute the incidence proportion and the incidence rate. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using generalized linear models with Poisson regression. RESULTS The incidence rate was 1.8/100 person-months (95% CI: 1.5-2.0), and the 6 months' cumulative incidence was 10.7%. The serological/molecular diagnosis ratio was 10:1 in the first evaluation and 3:1 in the second. Considering newly identified seropositive cases at the first (n = 69) and second evaluation (n = 202), 29.0% and 9.4% never reported symptoms, respectively, 14.5% and 33.3% reported contact with a confirmed case and 82.6%, and 46.0% never had a molecular test. Males (aIRR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.85) and 'high-skilled white-collar' workers (aIRR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53-1.04) had lower risk of infection. CONCLUSION University workers presented a high SARS-CoV-2 incidence while restrictive measures were in place. The time decrease in the proportion of undiagnosed cases reflected the increased access and awareness to testing, but opportunities continued to be missed, even in the presence of COVID-19-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N S Rodrigues
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Allen N, Brady M, Ni Riain U, Conlon N, Domegan L, Carrion Martin AI, Walsh C, Doherty L, Higgins E, Kerr C, Bergin C, Fleming C. Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Following Natural Infection and Vaccination in Irish Hospital Healthcare Workers: Changing Epidemiology as the Pandemic Progresses. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:758118. [PMID: 35186963 PMCID: PMC8854655 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In October 2020 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital healthcare workers (HCW) of two Irish hospitals was 15 and 4. 1%, respectively. We compare seroprevalence in the same HCW population 6 months later, assess changes in risk factors for seropositivity with progression of the pandemic and serological response to vaccination. Methods All staff of both hospitals (N = 9,038) were invited to participate in an online questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in April 2021. We measured anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike antibodies. Frequencies and percentages for positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were calculated and adjusted relative risks for participant characteristics were calculated using multivariable regression analysis. Results Five thousand and eighty-five HCW participated. Seroprevalence increased to 21 and 13%, respectively; 26% of infections were previously undiagnosed. Black ethnicity (aRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2, p < 0.001), lower level of education (aRR 1.4 for secondary level education, 95% CI 1.1–1.8, p = 0.002), living with other HCW (aRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.4, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with seropositivity. Having direct patient contact also carried a significant risk being a healthcare assistant (aRR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.3, p < 0.001), being a nurse (aRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8, p = 0.022), daily contact with COVID-19 patients (aRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.7, p = 0.002), daily contact with patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (aRR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5, p = 0.013). Breakthrough infection occurred in 23/4,111(0.6%) of fully vaccinated participants; all had anti-S antibodies. Conclusion The increase in seroprevalence reflects the magnitude of the third wave of the pandemic in Ireland. Genomic sequencing is needed to apportion risk to the workplace vs. the household/community. Concerted efforts are needed to mitigate risk factors due to ethnicity and lower level of education, even at this stage of the pandemic. The undiagnosed and breakthrough infections call for ongoing infection prevention and control measures and testing of HCW in the setting of close contact. Vaccinated HCW with confirmed infection should be actively assessed, including SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (WGS), serology testing and assessment of host determinants, to advance understanding of the reasons for breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Allen
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Niamh Allen
| | - Melissa Brady
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Una Ni Riain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cathal Walsh
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
- Health Research Institute and MACSI, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- MISA and NCPE, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eibhlin Higgins
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Kerr
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Bergin
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Fleming
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Screening in Healthcare Workers and Its Correlation with Clinical Presentation in Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, from November 2020 to January 2021. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:8515051. [PMID: 35116064 PMCID: PMC8805447 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8515051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody titer and the life span of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have been found to be associated with the clinical presentation in individuals. The extent of exposure of healthcare workers and the general public to SARS-CoV-2 needs to be assessed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study is an attempt in assessing the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in health care workers. Methods This laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed in Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from November 2020 to January 2021. A total of 185 HCWs were enrolled in this study. Their serum samples were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect further information. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening was performed using lateral flow immunoassay. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results Among 185 HCWs that participated in the study, 41 (22.2%) tested positive for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Of these 41 HCWs, 37 tested positive for IgG only and 4 of them tested positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. The presence of the previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.001), the presence of flu-like symptoms within the last 6 months (p < 0.001), and the presence of positive contact history (p=0.002) were statistically significant with the presence of the antibody among HCWs. Conclusion Healthcare workers carry a high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are at risk of acquiring infection from their workplace. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among healthcare workers is highly recommended in multiple healthcare settings as it can help in monitoring transmission dynamics and evaluation of infection control policies.
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Etyang AO, Lucinde R, Karanja H, Kalu C, Mugo D, Nyagwange J, Gitonga J, Tuju J, Wanjiku P, Karani A, Mutua S, Maroko H, Nzomo E, Maitha E, Kamuri E, Kaugiria T, Weru J, Ochola LB, Kilimo N, Charo S, Emukule N, Moracha W, Mukabi D, Okuku R, Ogutu M, Angujo B, Otiende M, Bottomley C, Otieno E, Ndwiga L, Nyaguara A, Voller S, Agoti CN, Nokes DJ, Ochola-Oyier LI, Aman R, Amoth P, Mwangangi M, Kasera K, Ng’ang’a W, Adetifa IMO, Wangeci Kagucia E, Gallagher K, Uyoga S, Tsofa B, Barasa E, Bejon P, Scott JAG, Agweyu A, Warimwe GM. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers in Kenya. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:288-293. [PMID: 33893491 PMCID: PMC8135298 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in 3 counties in Kenya. METHODS We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural), and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30 July and 4 December 2020. We tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 92.7 (95% CI, 87.9-96.1) and 99.0% (95% CI, 98.1-99.5), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates, using bayesian modeling to account for assay performance. RESULTS The crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135 of 684). After adjustment for assay performance, seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% credible interval, 17.5%-24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (P < .001) by site: 43.8% (95% credible interval, 35.8%-52.2%) in Nairobi, 12.6% (8.8%-17.1%) in Busia and 11.5% (7.2%-17.6%) in Kilifi. In a multivariable model controlling for age, sex, and site, professional cadre was not associated with differences in seroprevalence. CONCLUSION These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Lucinde
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Henry Karanja
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Daisy Mugo
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - John Gitonga
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James Tuju
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Angela Karani
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Hosea Maroko
- KEMRI Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Alupe, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mukabi
- Department of Health, Busia County, Busia, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Mark Otiende
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Christian Bottomley
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Otieno
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Amek Nyaguara
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Shirine Voller
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Rashid Aman
- Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Amoth
- Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Wangari Ng’ang’a
- Presidential Policy and Strategy Unit, The Presidency, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ifedayo M O Adetifa
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katherine Gallagher
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Uyoga
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Edwine Barasa
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - George M Warimwe
- KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tomczyk S, Hönning A, Hermes J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Michel J, Neumann M, Nitsche A, Hoppe B, Eckmanns T, Schmidt-Traub H, Zappel K. Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological investigation among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital in Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:80. [PMID: 35073863 PMCID: PMC8784861 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 cases in Germany increased in early March 2020. By April 2020, cases among health care workers (HCW) were detected across departments at a tertiary care hospital in Berlin, prompting a longitudinal investigation to assess HCW SARS-CoV-2 serostatus with an improved testing strategy and associated risk factors. Methods In May/June and December 2020, HCWs voluntarily provided blood for serology and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) samples for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and completed a questionnaire. A four-tiered SARS-CoV-2 serological testing strategy including two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and biological neutralization test (NT) was used. ELISA-NT correlation was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with seropositivity were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Results In May/June, 18/1477 (1.2%) HCWs were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, followed by 56/1223 (4.6%) in December. Among those tested in both, all seropositive in May/June remained seropositive by ELISA and positive by NT after 6 months. ELISA ratios correlated well with NT titres in May/June (R = 0.79) but less so in December (R = 0.41). Those seropositive reporting a past SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR result increased from 44.4% in May/June to 85.7% in December. HCWs with higher occupational risk (based on profession and working site), nurses, males, and those self-reporting COVID-19-like symptoms had significantly higher odds of seropositivity. Conclusions This investigation provides insight into the burden of HCW infection in this local outbreak context and the antibody dynamics over time with an improved robust testing strategy. It also highlights the continued need for effective infection control measures particularly among HCWs with higher occupational risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07057-3.
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Mulligan K, Berg AH, Eckstein M, Hori A, Rodriguez A, Sobhani K, Toubat O, Sood N. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among firefighters in Los Angeles, California. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:315-318. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveWe estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a sample of firefighters in the Los Angeles (LA), California fire department in October 2020 and compare demographic and contextual factors for seropositivity.MethodsWe conducted a serological survey of firefighters in LA, California, USA, in October 2020. Individuals were classified as seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 if they tested positive for IgG, IgM or both. We compared demographic and contextual factors for seropositivity.ResultsAll firefighters in LA, California, USA were invited to participate in our study, but only roughly 21% participated. Of 713 participants with valid serological data, 8.8% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and among the 686 with complete survey data 8.9% tested positive for antibodies. Seropositivity was not associated with gender, age or race/ethnicity. Seropositivity was highest among firefighters who reported working in the vicinity of LA International Airport, which had a known outbreak in July 2020.ConclusionsSeroprevalence among firefighters in our sample was 8.8%, however, we lack a full workplace seroprevalence estimate to compare the relative magnitude against general population seroprevalence (15%). Workplace safety protocols, such as access to personal protective equipment and testing, can mitigate increased risk of infection at work, and may have eliminated differences in disease burden by geography and race/ethnicity in our sample.
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Aymerich C, Pedruzo B, Pérez JL, Laborda M, Herrero J, Blanco J, Mancebo G, Andrés L, Estévez O, Fernandez M, Salazar de Pablo G, Catalan A, González-Torres MÁ. COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECTS ON HEALTH WORKERS’ MENTAL HEALTH: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e10. [PMID: 35060458 PMCID: PMC8828390 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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123
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Mariën J, Ceulemans A, Bakokimi D, Lammens C, Ieven M, Heytens S, De Sutter A, Verbakel JY, Van den Bruel A, Goossens H, Van Damme P, Ariën KK, Coenen S. Prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study among primary health care providers during the second COVID-19 wave in Flanders, Belgium. Fam Pract 2022; 39:92-98. [PMID: 34448859 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary health care providers (PHCPs) are assumed to be at high risk of a COVID-19 infection, as they are exposed to patients with usually less personal protective equipment (PPE) than other frontline health care workers (HCWs). Nevertheless, current research efforts focussed on the assessment of COVID-19 seroprevalence rates in the general population or hospital HCWs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the seroprevalence in PHCPs during the second SARS-CoV-2 wave in Flanders (Belgium) and compared it to the seroprevalence in the general population. We also assessed risk factors, availability of PPE and attitudes towards the government guidelines over time. METHODS A prospective cohort of PHCPs (n = 698), mainly general practitioners, was asked to complete a questionnaire and self-sample capillary blood by finger-pricking at five distinct points in time (June-December 2020). We analysed the dried blood spots for IgG antibodies using a Luminex multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS The seroprevalence of PHCPs remained stable between June and September (4.6-5.0%), increased significantly from October to December (8.1-13.4%) and was significantly higher than the seroprevalence of the general population. The majority of PHCPs were concerned about becoming infected, had adequate PPE and showed increasing confidence in government guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The marked increase in seroprevalence during the second COVID-19 wave shows that PHCPs were more at risk during the second wave compared to the first wave in Flanders. This increase was only slightly higher in PHCPs than in the general population suggesting that the occupational health measures implemented provided sufficient protection when managing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Ceulemans
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diana Bakokimi
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Sutter
- Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Y Verbakel
- EPI-Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for General Practice, Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hupf J, Burkhardt R, Gessner A, Maier-Stocker C, Zimmermann M, Hanses F, Peterhoff D. [Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital : Results of a prospective serological cohort study of the first and second COVID‑19 pandemic wave]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2022; 117:639-643. [PMID: 34978585 PMCID: PMC8721941 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitswesen mit Kontakt zu COVID‑19-Patienten sind einem erhöhten Risiko einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 ausgesetzt. Ziel dieser seroepidemiologischen Studie war es, das Infektionsrisiko für Klinikmitarbeiter eines Maximalversorgers zu evaluieren. Methodik Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden von März bis Juli 2020 (1. Welle) bei unmittelbar in der Versorgung von COVID‑19-Patienten eingesetzten Mitarbeitern im Abstand von jeweils 2 Wochen serologische Untersuchungen auf Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV‑2 durchgeführt. Von Dezember 2020 bis Februar 2021 (2. Welle) fand eine erneute Untersuchung des Antikörperstatus statt. Ergebnisse Die Seroprävalenz von Antikörpern gegen SARS-CoV‑2 betrug am Studienende im Februar 2021 5,1 %. Die kumulative Inzidenz betrug nach einer medianen Beobachtungsdauer von 261 Tagen 3,9 %. Schlussfolgerung In der untersuchten Kohorte von Klinikmitarbeitern, die in der Akutversorgung von COVID‑19-Patienten eingesetzt werden, fand sich unter den angewandten Hygiene- und Schutzmaßnahmen ein niedriges und mit der Gesamtbevölkerung vergleichbares Risiko einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hupf
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - André Gessner
- Institut für klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.,Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Markus Zimmermann
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Frank Hanses
- Zentrale Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institut für klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.,Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
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125
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Amer HA, Abdallah HA, Alkheledan HS, Alzarzour SH, Shrahily A, Tamim H, Alqahtani SA, Memish ZA. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Quaternary Healthcare Center in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:343-348. [PMID: 35167996 PMCID: PMC8802145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hala A Amer
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Abdallah
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa S Alkheledan
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa H Alzarzour
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Shrahily
- Prevention and Control of Infection Administration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplantation Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia & Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City & College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia & Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ghosh R, Chandra S, Rashid M. A cross-sectional anti-SARS coV-2 seroprevalence study among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_90_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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127
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Malaeb R, Yousef N, Al-Nagdah O, Ali QH, Saeed MAS, Haider A, Zelikova E, Malou N, Guiramand S, Mills C, Luquero F, Porten K. High seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers 8 months after the first wave in Aden, Yemen. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000767. [PMID: 36962647 PMCID: PMC10022234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The true burden of COVID-19 in Yemen is underestimated. The healthcare system is dysfunctional and there is a high shortage of health care workers in the country. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 remains limited and official surveillance data is restricted to those who are severe or highly suspected. In this study, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) aimed to conduct serological screening using rapid tests for asymptomatic staff at the MSF Aden Trauma Center to determine the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity. Four months after the peak of the first wave, we offered all the staff at the MSF Aden Trauma Center PCR if symptomatic, and a baseline SARS-CoV-2 serology screening followed by follow-up screenings. A final round was scheduled four months after the baseline. A rapid serology lateral flow test, NG-Test IgM-IgG was used in all rounds and in the final round, an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for seropositivity. The level of agreement between the different serology assays used was investigated. Overall 69 out of 356 participants (19.4%, 95% CI 17.9-20.8) tested positive by NG-Test between September and November 2020. A sub-sample of 161 staff members were retested in January 2021. Of these, the NG-Test detected only 13 positive cases, whereas the ECLIA detected 109 positive cases. The adjusted seroprevalence by ECLIA was 59% (95%CI 52.2-65.9). The non-medical staff had significantly lower odds of seropositivity compared to the medical staff (AOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.15-0.7, p<0.001). The positive percent agreement between the two tests was very low (11%). Our results suggest a very high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Yemen, highlighting the need for regular testing and rapid vaccination of all healthcare workers in the country.
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128
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Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic through the JHI and IPIP. J Hosp Infect 2022. [PMCID: PMC8782270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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129
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Sharma P, Chawla R, Basu S, Saxena S, Mariam W, Bharti PK, Rao S, Tanwar N, Rahman A, Ahmad M. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Risk Assessment Among Healthcare Workers at a Dedicated Tertiary Care COVID-19 Hospital in Delhi, India: A Cohort Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e20805. [PMID: 35145765 PMCID: PMC8810309 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a substantially higher risk of Covid-19 infection but there is a paucity of information on the risk factors of disease transmission in high-burden real-world settings. The study objective was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in a high-burden Covid-19 setting and to estimate the incidence and identify the risk factors of infection. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study amongst doctors and nurses working at a dedicated Covid-19 tertiary care government hospital in Delhi, India. A baseline blood sample (2-3ml) was collected from all the participants to test for the presence of total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The HCWs that were seronegative (non-reactive) at baseline were followed-up for ≥21≤28 days with the collection of a second blood sample to assess for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 321 (51.3%, 95% C.I 47.4, 55.3) HCWs were detected with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on baseline examination. The seroprevalence, when adjusted for assay characteristics, was 54.5% (95% C.I 50.3, 58.6). On bivariate analysis, SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity lacked statistically significant association with either age, sex, occupation, cumulative duty duration, and smoking status. The incidence of seroconversion in the baseline seronegative cohort on follow-up after 21-28 days was observed in 35 (14.9%) HCWs (n=245). Furthermore, the self-reported adherence to infection prevention and control measures did not show a statistically significant association with antibody positivity in the HCWs, neither at baseline nor on follow-up. Conclusions The high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in HCWs may be substantially reduced by adherence to Infection Prevention Control (IPC) and protective measures.
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Maani AA, Wahaibi AA, Nazer W, Al-Zadjali N, Rawahi JA, Al-Beloushi I, Al-Sooti J, Alqayoudhi A, Al-Abri S. The utilization of HCWs surveillance as an early warning of COVID-19 epidemic activity in the community. J Infect 2021; 84:e10-e12. [PMID: 34953904 PMCID: PMC8694854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al Maani
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Adil Al Wahaibi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Surveillance, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Weam Nazer
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Surveillance, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Najla Al-Zadjali
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jokha Al Rawahi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Surveillance, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al-Beloushi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jabir Al-Sooti
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Alqayoudhi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance & Control (DGDSC), Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
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Rodríguez de Limia Ramírez K, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Duro-Torrijos JL, García-Román V, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Ferrer-Cascales R. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Sample of Health Workers in Two Health Departments of the Valencian Community in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 35010325 PMCID: PMC8751085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health care personnel constitutes the most vulnerable group of professionals, as they are employed in a work context with higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health personnel (n = 2858) of two health departments in the Valencian community between March 2020 and April 2021, as well as the sociodemographic and work variables predicting higher infection prevalence in this group. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on health workers from the health departments of Torrevieja and Elche-Crevillente of the Valencian Community (Spain). After obtaining the samples, the cases were identified through an active infection diagnostic test (AIDT). The analyzed variables were: sex, age (18-34/35-49/>50 years), professional category, health care, risk service, and AIDT. A total of 2858 staff members were studied. Of them, 55.4% (1582) underwent an AIDT, with 9.7% (277) of positive cases. Infection predominated in the age group of 18 to 34 years, 12.6% (OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.26, 3.11]); nurses, 12.1% (OR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.00, 2.23]); and at-risk services, 11.4% (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.06, 1.81]). A very low positivity rate was identified in the health personnel linked to the health departments analyzed during the 14 months of the study period. Based on our results, prevention strategies could focus more intensively on the most at-risk groups, specifically young nurses who work in at-risk services, mainly in emergency and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (N.A.-B.); (R.F.-C.)
| | | | - Vicente García-Román
- Preventive Medicine Service, University Hospital of Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain;
| | | | - Rosario Ferrer-Cascales
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (N.A.-B.); (R.F.-C.)
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Brousseau N, Morin L, Ouakki M, Savard P, Quach C, Longtin Y, Cheng MP, Carignan A, Dufresne SF, Leduc JM, Lavallée C, Gauthier N, Bestman-Smith J, Arrieta MJ, Ishak M, Lévesque S, Martin P, De Serres G. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in health care workers from 10 hospitals in Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study. CMAJ 2021; 193:E1868-E1877. [PMID: 34903591 PMCID: PMC8677578 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected health care workers. We sought to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital health care workers in Quebec, Canada, after the first wave of the pandemic and to explore factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. METHODS Between July 6 and Sept. 24, 2020, we enrolled health care workers from 10 hospitals, including 8 from a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 (the Montréal area) and 2 from low-incidence regions of Quebec. Eligible health care workers were physicians, nurses, orderlies and cleaning staff working in 4 types of care units (emergency department, intensive care unit, COVID-19 inpatient unit and non-COVID-19 inpatient unit). Participants completed a questionnaire and underwent SARS-CoV-2 serology testing. We identified factors independently associated with higher seroprevalence. RESULTS Among 2056 enrolled health care workers, 241 (11.7%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 serology. Of these, 171 (71.0%) had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Seroprevalence varied among hospitals, from 2.4% to 3.7% in low-incidence regions to 17.9% to 32.0% in hospitals with outbreaks involving 5 or more health care workers. Higher seroprevalence was associated with working in a hospital where outbreaks occurred (adjusted prevalence ratio 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63-6.57), being a nurse or nursing assistant (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74) or an orderly (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.12-1.97), and Black or Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76). Lower seroprevalence was associated with working in the intensive care unit (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.71) or the emergency department (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). INTERPRETATION Health care workers in Quebec hospitals were at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in outbreak settings. More work is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brousseau
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que.
| | - Laurianne Morin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Manale Ouakki
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Patrice Savard
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Caroline Quach
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Yves Longtin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Alex Carignan
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon F Dufresne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Jean-Michel Leduc
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Maria-Jesus Arrieta
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Magued Ishak
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Philippe Martin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
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Coppeta L, Ferrari C, Mazza A, Trabucco Aurilio M, Rizza S. Factors Associated with Pre-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk among Hospital Nurses Facing COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413053. [PMID: 34948662 PMCID: PMC8701284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the magnitude of COVID-19 spread and the related risk factors among hospital nurses employed in a COVID hospital in Rome, before the beginning of the vaccination programmes commenced in 2021. Participants periodically underwent (every 15–30 days) nasopharyngeal swab and/or blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 IgG examination. From 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020, we found 162 cases of COVID-19 infection (n = 143 nasopharyngeal swab and n = 19 IgG-positive) in a total of 918 hospital nurses (17.6%). Most SARS-CoV-2-infected hospital nurses were night shift workers (NSWs), smokers, with higher BMI and lower mean age than that of individuals who tested negative. After adjusting for covariates, age (OR = 0.923, 95% C.I. 0.895–0.952), night shift work (OR = 2.056, 95% C.I. 1.320–2.300), smoking status (OR = 1.603, 95% C.I. 1.080–2.378) and working in high-risk settings (OR = 1.607, 95% C.I. 1.036–2.593) were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospital infection, whereas BMI was not significantly related. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital nurses at a Rome COVID hospital in the pre-vaccination period. Smoking, young age, night shift work and high-risk hospital settings are relevant risk factors for hospital SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, a close health surveillance should be necessary among hospital nurses exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Coppeta
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Cristiana Ferrari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Mazza
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco Trabucco Aurilio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Milazzo L, Pezzati L, Oreni L, Kullmann C, Lai A, Gabrieli A, Bestetti G, Beschi C, Conti F, Ottomano C, Gervasoni C, Meroni L, Galli M, Antinori S, Ridolfo AL. Impact of prior infection status on antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital in Milan, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4747-4754. [PMID: 35086438 PMCID: PMC8862160 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign prioritized healthcare workers (HCWs) to receive two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, irrespective of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this real-life study, we compared the humoral response to BNT162b2 vaccine in HCWs with and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 407 HCWs enrolled, 334 (82.1%) were SARS-CoV-2-naive and 73 (17.9%) SARS-CoV-2-experienced. Post-vaccine humoral response was detectable in more than 98% of HCWs. Overall, the median level of anti-S IgG in SARS-COV-2-experienced HCWs was twice as high as those of SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects (24641.0 AU/mL [IQR: 15273.0->40000.0] versus 13053.8 [IQR: 7303.3-20105.8]; p < .001), irrespective of the time elapsed from SARS-CoV-2 previous infection. In a subgroup of SARS-CoV-2-naive and -experienced subjects who received only one dose of the vaccine, the latter showed 32 times higher levels of anti-S IgG compared to the former. Although no serious adverse events have been reported, mild to moderate side effects occurred more frequently after the first dose in the SARS-CoV-2-experienced than in naive subjects (67% versus 42%, respectively; p < .001). Notably, post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels ≥20,000 AU/mL were independently associated with the risk of fever ≥38°C (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.122, 95% CI 2.368-11.080, p < .0001).Our study showed high responsiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine and a relationship between levels of antibody response and reactogenicity. It suggests that a single dose of mRNA vaccine might evoke effective protection in SARS-CoV-2-experienced subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milazzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Oreni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Lai
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bestetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Conti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Gervasoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Meroni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Ridolfo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Magicova M, Fialova M, Zahradka I, Rajnochova-Bloudickova S, Hackajlo D, Raska P, Striz I, Viklicky O. Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 is well preserved and symptom dependent in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3926-3935. [PMID: 34212497 PMCID: PMC9906442 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Data on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients are scarce. Thus, we conducted a single-center observational study to assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTR; n = 1037) and healthcare workers (HCW; n = 512) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in fall 2020 and evaluated the clinical variables affecting antibody levels. Antibodies against S1 and S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using immunochemiluminescent assay (cut off 9.5 AU/ml, sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 90.2%). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence was lower in KTR than in HCW (7% vs. 11.9%, p = .001). Kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were younger (p = .001) and received CNI-based immunosuppression more frequently (p = .029) than seronegative KTR. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive symptomatic KTR had a higher BMI (p = .04) than asymptomatic KTR. Interestingly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were higher in KTR than in HCW (median 31 AU/ml, IQR 17-84 vs. median 15 AU/ml, IQR 11-39, p < .001). The presence of moderate to severe symptoms in KTR was found to be the only independent factor affecting IgG levels (Beta coefficient = 41.99, 95% CI 9.92-74.06, p = .011) in the multivariable model. In conclusion, KTR exhibit a well-preserved symptom-dependent humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magicova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Fialova
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Zahradka
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rajnochova-Bloudickova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Hackajlo
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Raska
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic,Correspondence Ondrej Viklicky, Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Gram MA, Nielsen J, Schelde AB, Nielsen KF, Moustsen-Helms IR, Sørensen AKB, Valentiner-Branth P, Emborg HD. Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and death when combining a first dose ChAdOx1 vaccine with a subsequent mRNA vaccine in Denmark: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003874. [PMID: 34919548 PMCID: PMC8726493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recommendations in several countries to stop using the ChAdOx1 vaccine has led to vaccine programs combining different Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine types, which necessitates knowledge on vaccine effectiveness (VE) of heterologous vaccine schedules. The aim of this Danish nationwide population-based cohort study was therefore to estimate the VE against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization and death following the first dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine and the combination of the ChAdOx1/mRNA vaccines. METHODS AND FINDINGS All individuals alive in or immigrating to Denmark from 9 February 2021 to 23 June 2021 were identified in the Danish Civil Registration System. Information on exposure, outcomes, and covariates was obtained from Danish national registries. Poisson and Cox regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted VE, respectively, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization or death comparing vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals. The VE estimates were adjusted for calendar time as underlying time and for sex, age, comorbidity, country of origin, and hospital admission. The analyses included 5,542,079 individuals (97.6% of the total Danish population). A total of 144,360 individuals were vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 vaccine as the first dose, and of these, 136,551 individuals received an mRNA vaccine as the second dose. A total of 1,691,464 person-years and 83,034 SARS-CoV-2 infections were included. The individuals vaccinated with the first dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine dose had a median age of 45 years. The study population was characterized by an equal distribution of males and females; 6.7% and 9.2% originated from high-income and other countries, respectively. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection when combining the ChAdOx1 and an mRNA vaccine was 88% (95% CI: 83; 92) 14 days after the second dose and onwards. There were no COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths among the individuals vaccinated with the combined vaccine schedule during the study period. Study limitations including unmeasured confounders such as risk behavior and increasing overall vaccine coverage in the general population creating herd immunity are important to take into consideration when interpreting the results. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a large reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when combining the ChAdOx1 and an mRNA vaccine, compared with unvaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Agermose Gram
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Blicher Schelde
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Finderup Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Rask Moustsen-Helms
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Palle Valentiner-Branth
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne-Dorthe Emborg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Haq I, Qurieshi MA, Khan MS, Majid S, Bhat AA, Kousar R, Chowdri IN, Qazi TB, Lone AA, Sabah I, Kawoosa MF, Nabi S, Sumji IA, Ayoub S, Khan MA, Asma A, Ismail S. The burden of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers across 16 hospitals of Kashmir, India-A seroepidemiological study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259893. [PMID: 34797880 PMCID: PMC8604293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has greatly affected healthcare workers because of the high risk of getting infected. The present cross-sectional study measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers of Kashmir, India. METHODS Serological testing to detect antibodies against nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 was performed in 2003 healthcare workers who voluntarily participated in the study. RESULTS We report relatively high seropositivity of 26.8% (95% CI 24.8-28.8) for SARS-CoV-2in healthcare workers, nine months after the first case was detected in Kashmir. Most of the healthcare workers (71.7%) attributed infection to the workplace environment. Among healthcare workers who neither reported any prior symptom nor were they ever tested for infection by nasopharyngeal swab test, 25.5% were seropositive. CONCLUSION We advocate interval testing by nasopharyngeal swab test of all healthcare workers regardless of symptoms to limit the transmission of infection within healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaamul Haq
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mariya Amin Qurieshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Salim Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arif Akbar Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rafiya Kousar
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Nisar Chowdri
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tanzeela Bashir Qazi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Aziz Lone
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iram Sabah
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Misbah Ferooz Kawoosa
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahroz Nabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ishtiyaq Ahmad Sumji
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shifana Ayoub
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mehvish Afzal Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum Asma
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shaista Ismail
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Latif R, Alali S, AlNujaidi R, Alotaibi L, Alghamdi N, Alblaies M. COVID-19: Risk Stratification of Healthcare Workers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and Their Knowledge, Attitude, and Fears. Cureus 2021; 13:e19652. [PMID: 34976448 PMCID: PMC8678574 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the expeditious spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare workers have undoubtedly faced a higher risk of contracting the disease compared to the general public. This study aimed to stratify the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 infection among healthcare workers in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia and shed light on their level of knowledge, attitude, and fear towards the disease. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study, involving 978 Arabic and English-speaking healthcare workers, was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire. The knowledge, attitude, and fear scales were developed by researchers using the most updated information regarding coronavirus disease 2019. The Objective Risk Stratification tool developed in the United Kingdom was used to measure the risk level of contracting coronavirus disease 2019. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results Out of the 978 participants, 63.1% were female, 74.6% were 20-39 years old, 86.9% were Saudis, and 31.3% worked as physicians. The most common health-related risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 among the study participants were smoking (23.4%), sickle cell trait (22.8%), and asthma (21.2%). The risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 was found to be low in 87.2% of participants, with those significantly at higher risk being male, non-Saudis, black Africans, and 70-79 years old. The knowledge level was found to be high among 54.7% of participants, with significantly higher levels being reported among females, non-Saudis, and participants who were either physicians or pharmacists. The most commonly cited source of knowledge was the Saudi Ministry of Health (82%). Participants largely demonstrated a positive attitude towards the disease (53.9%), particularly those working as physicians and in the governmental sector. The majority of participants (54.4%) were found to have a high level of fear toward the disease, with significantly higher levels being reported among females, 30-39 years old, and those who were either nurses or pharmacists. Conclusion The present study demonstrated significant sociodemographic variability among healthcare workers in the Eastern province, with respect to their risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 and their levels of knowledge, attitude, and fear toward the disease.
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Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers following an identified nosocomial COVID-19 exposure during waves 1-3 of the pandemic in Ireland. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 150:e186. [PMID: 36372066 PMCID: PMC9744455 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have increased exposure and subsequent risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This case-control study was conducted to investigate the contemporaneous risks associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst HCWs following in-work exposure to a confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) case. We assessed the influence of demographic (age, sex, nationality, high risk co-morbidities and vaccination status) and work-related factors (job role, exposure location, contact type, personal protective equipment (PPE) use) on infection risk following nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 exposure. All contact tracing records within the hospital site during waves 1-3 of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland were screened to identify exposure events, cases and controls. In total, 285 cases and 1526 controls were enrolled, as a result of 1811 in-work exposure events with 745 index cases. We demonstrate that male sex, Eastern European nationality, exposure location, PPE use and vaccination status all impact the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection following nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 exposure. The findings draw attention to the need for continuing emphasis on PPE use and its persisting benefit in the era of COVID-19 vaccinations. We suggest that non-work-related factors may influence infection risk seen in certain ethnic groups and that infection risk in high-risk HCW roles (e.g. nursing) may be the result of repeated exposures rather than risks inherent to a single event.
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Kaspersen KA, Hindhede L, Boldsen JK, Mikkelsen S, Vestergaard LS, Berthelsen ASN, Moustsen-Helms IR, Holm DK, Nilsson AC, Sækmose SG, Sørensen E, Harritshøj LH, Aagaard B, Hjalgrim H, Lillevang ST, Jørgensen CS, Krause TG, Ullum H, Pedersen OBV, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate by age and comorbidity status using antibody screening of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:219-228. [PMID: 34788834 PMCID: PMC8689980 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR) for healthy individuals are warranted. We estimate IFR by age and comorbidity status using data from a large serosurvey among Danish blood donors and nationwide data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Methods Danish blood donors aged 17–69 years donating blood October 2020–February 2021 were tested with a commercial SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay. IFR was estimated for weeks 11 to 42, 2020 and week 43, 2020 to week 6, 2021, representing the first 2 waves of COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark. Results In total, 84944 blood donors were tested for antibodies. The seroprevalence was 2% in October 2020 and 7% in February 2021. Among 3898039 Danish residents aged 17–69 years, 249 deaths were recorded. The IFR was low for people <51 years without comorbidity during the 2 waves (combined IFR=3.36 per 100000 infections). The IFR was below 3‰ for people aged 61–69 years without comorbidity. IFR increased with age and comorbidity but declined from the first to second wave. Conclusions In this nationwide study, the IFR was very low among people <51 years without comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lotte Hindhede
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Dorte Kinggaard Holm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lene Holm Harritshøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bitten Aagaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Søren Thue Lillevang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Tyra Grove Krause
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Birger Vestager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
Pandemic preparedness is a key function of any health care facility. Activities pertaining to pandemic preparedness should be developed and maintained within a broader emergency management plan. The use of a Hospital Incident Command System can centralize coordination of the response and facilitate internal and external communication. This review addresses several components of pandemic preparedness, including incident management, health care personnel safety, strategies to support ongoing clinical activities, and organizational communication during a pandemic. Preparations addressing potential ethical challenges and the psychological impact associated with pandemic response are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Godshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David B Banach
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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142
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Kim YK, Minn D, Song DY, Lee CH, Ryoo NH, Jeon CH, Song KE, Suh JS, Chang SH. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in 2,935 Healthcare Workers at 6 Major Hospitals, Daegu, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e294. [PMID: 34751011 PMCID: PMC8575762 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Korea, the first community outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Daegu on February 18, 2020. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in healthcare workers (HCWs) at 6 major hospitals in Daegu. METHODS Blood specimens of 2,935 HCWs at 6 major hospitals in Daegu from January 2021 to February 2021 were collected. Every specimen was tested for antibody against SARS-CoV-2 using both Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) and R-FIND COVID-19 IgG/M/A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (SG medical Inc., Seoul, Korea) as screening tests. If 1 or more of these screening test results was positive, 2 additional antibody tests were performed using Abbott Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) and cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit (GenScript USA Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA). If 2 or more of the total 4 test results were positive, it was determined as positive for the antibody against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS According to the criteria of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity determination, 12 subjects were determined as positive. The overall positive rate of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody was 0.41% (12/2,935). Of the 12 subjects determined as positive, 7 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and the remaining 5 were nondiagnosed cases of COVID-19. CONCLUSION In early 2021, the overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW located in Daegu was 0.41%, and 0.17% excluding COVID-19 confirmed subjects. These results were not particularly high compared with the general public and were much lower than HCWs in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Soo Suh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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143
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Ochoa-Leite C, Bento J, Rocha DR, Vasques I, Cunha R, Oliveira Á, Rocha L. Occupational management of healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:359-365. [PMID: 34415346 PMCID: PMC8499793 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The year 2020 was marked by the new coronavirus pandemic, resulting in millions of cases and deaths, placing healthcare workers at high risk of infection. AIMS The aim of this study was to describe the role of an occupational health service during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in an oncologic hospital and characterize the most likely sources of viral infection. METHODS The information of all healthcare workers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from 11 March to 15 December 2020 was collected through an epidemiological survey conducted during contact tracing. The data extracted included gender, age, comorbidities, occupational group, source of infection, clinical presentation, duration of the disease, need for hospitalization and persistent or late symptoms after disease or upon returning to work. RESULTS Out of a total of 2300 workers, 157 were infected, consisting of nurses (36%), nurse assistants (33%) and diagnostic and therapeutic professionals (10%). Physicians and administrative staff accounted for 8% each. The most frequently reported source of infection was occupational (43%), owing to worker-to-worker transmission (45%) and patient-to-worker transmission (36%). The most frequent moments of infection perceived corresponded to the removal of protective equipment during meals and moments of rest in the staff and changing rooms. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that occupational transmission from patients and colleagues might be an important source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers. Spread between colleagues accounted for 45% of the occupational source infections reported. Implementing physical distancing measures and limiting the number of people in changing and rest rooms could significantly reduce infection and related absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ochoa-Leite
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Bento
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - D R Rocha
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Vasques
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Cunha
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Á Oliveira
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Rocha
- IPO Porto-Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
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Malagón-Rojas JN, Mercado-Reyes M, Toloza-Pérez YG, Parra Barrera EL, Palma M, Muñoz E, López R, Almentero J, Rubio VV, Ibáñez E, Téllez E, Delgado-Murcia LG, Jimenez CP, Viasus-Pérez D, Galindo M, Lagos L. Seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study in 10 Colombian cities. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:388-395. [PMID: 34740981 PMCID: PMC8577941 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are at increased risk of infection due to occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Colombia. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study focused on estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers from 65 hospitals in 10 cities in Colombia during the second semester of 2020. The seroprevalence was determined using an automated immunoassay (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG). The study included a survey to establish the sociodemographic variables and the risk of infection. A multivariate model was used to evaluate the association between the results of seroprevalence and risk factors. RESULTS The global seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 35% (95% Bayesian CI 33% to 37%). All the personnel reported the use of protective equipment. General services personnel and nurses presented the highest ratios of seroprevalence among the healthcare workers. Low socioeconomic strata have shown a strong association with seropositivity. CONCLUSION This study estimates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Even though all the personnel reported the use of protective equipment, the seroprevalence in the general services personnel and nurses was high. Also, a significant difference by cities was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas
- Doctorado en Salud Pública, El Bosque University Faculty of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia .,Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Yezith G Toloza-Pérez
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana L Parra Barrera
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marien Palma
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Esperanza Muñoz
- Faculty of Nursing, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ronald López
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julia Almentero
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vivian V Rubio
- Research Directorate, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Edgar Ibáñez
- El Bosque University Faculty of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Eliana Téllez
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.,Red de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lucy G Delgado-Murcia
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, National University of Colombia-Bogota Headquarters, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Claudia P Jimenez
- National Open and Distance University, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Red de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Marisol Galindo
- Research Directorate, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Luisa Lagos
- Grupo de investigación en Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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Müller SA, Wood RR, Hanefeld J, El-Bcheraoui C. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers From Eleven African Countries: A Scoping Review and Appraisal of Existing Evidence. Health Policy Plan 2021; 37:505-513. [PMID: 34726740 PMCID: PMC8689910 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of serological data and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers are especially important in African countries where human resources and health services are more constrained. We reviewed and appraised the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its risk factors in healthcare workers in Africa to inform response and preparedness strategies during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. We followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in this scoping review. Databases including PubMed, Embase and preprint servers were searched accordingly from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to 19th April 2021. Our search yielded twelve peer-reviewed and four pre-print articles comprising data on 9,223 HCWs from eleven countries in Africa. Seroprevalence varied widely and ranged from 0% to 45.1%. Seropositivity was associated with older age, lower education, working as a nurse/non- clinical HCW, or in gynaecology, emergency, outpatient or surgery departments. Asymptomatic rates were high and half of the studies recommended routine testing of HCWs. This scoping review found a varying, but often high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in eleven African countries and identified certain risk factors. COVID-19 public health strategies for policy and planning should consider these risk factors and the potential for high seroprevalence among HCWs when prioritizing infection prevention and control measures and vaccine deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Alice Müller
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekah Ruth Wood
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Hanefeld
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charbel El-Bcheraoui
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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146
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Marklund E, Leach S, Nyström K, Lundgren A, Liljeqvist JÅ, Nilsson S, Yilmaz A, Andersson LM, Bemark M, Gisslén M. Longitudinal Follow Up of Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers in Sweden With Several Different Commercial IgG-Assays, Measurement of Neutralizing Antibodies and CD4 + T-Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750448. [PMID: 34795668 PMCID: PMC8593002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers (HCWs) is a concern, but studies that conclusively determine whether HCWs are over-represented remain limited. Furthermore, methods used to confirm past infection vary and the immunological response after mild COVID-19 is still not well defined. Method 314 HCWs were recruited from a Swedish Infectious Diseases clinic caring for COVID-19 patients. IgG antibodies were measured using two commercial assays (Abbot Architect nucleocapsid (N)-assay and YHLO iFlash-1800 N and spike (S)-assays) at five time-points, from March 2020 to January 2021, covering two pandemic waves. Seroprevalence was assessed in matched blood donors at three time-points. More extensive analyses were performed in 190 HCWs in September/October 2020, including two additional IgG-assays (DiaSorin LiaisonXL S1/S2 and Abbot Architect receptor-binding domain (RBD)-assays), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and CD4+ T-cell reactivity using an in-house developed in vitro whole-blood assay based on flow cytometric detection of activated cells after stimulation with Spike S1-subunit or Spike, Membrane and Nucleocapsid (SMN) overlapping peptide pools. Findings Seroprevalence was higher among HCWs compared to sex and age-matched blood donors at all time-points. Seropositivity increased from 6.4% to 16.3% among HCWs between May 2020 and January 2021, compared to 3.6% to 11.9% among blood donors. We found significant correlations and high levels of agreement between NAbs and all four commercial IgG-assays. At 200-300 days post PCR-verified infection, there was a wide variation in sensitivity between the commercial IgG-assays, ranging from <30% in the N-assay to >90% in the RBD-assay. There was only moderate agreement between NAbs and CD4+ T-cell reactivity to S1 or SMN. Pre-existing CD4+ T-cell reactivity was present in similar proportions among HCW who subsequently became infected and those that did not. Conclusions HCWs in COVID-19 patient care in Sweden have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a higher rate compared to blood donors. We demonstrate substantial variation between different IgG-assays and propose that multiple serological targets should be used to verify past infection. Our data suggest that CD4+ T-cell reactivity is not a suitable measure of past infection and does not reliably indicate protection from infection in naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Marklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susannah Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aylin Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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147
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Konstantinidis T, Zisaki S, Mitroulis I, Cassimos D, Nanousi I, Kontekaki EG, Petrakis V, Parrisi K, Fotiadou E, Linardou A, Lemonakis N, Grapsa A, Gioka T, Lazidis L, Papagoras C, Tsigalou C, Panagopoulos P, Skendros P, Martinis G, Panopoulou M. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a group of patients, a control group, and healthcare workers of Thrace area in Greece, by the use of two distinct methods. Germs 2021; 11:372-380. [PMID: 34722359 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the clinical performance of different automated immunoassays available in Europe to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; an ELISA assay and a CLIA. The second goal was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Evros area during the first pandemic wave of COVID-19. Methods The study included serum samples from 101 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR and 208 negative patients. Furthermore, it included 1036 healthcare workers (HWs) of the Evros Region, Northern Greece. The measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG assay (Epitope Diagnostics, USA). Results Of 101 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 82 were hospitalized and 19 were outpatients. Hospitalized patients had higher IgG levels in comparison to outpatients (6.46±2.2 vs. 3.52±1.52, p<0.001). Of 208 non-COVID-19 patients only 1 was positive in both ELISA and CLIA assay. SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies were detected in 6 HWs out of 1036 (0.58%) with mean S/CO-value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG 3.12±1.3 (confidence interval 0.95), which was lower than in COVID-19 patients (3.12 vs. 5.9; p=0.016). The clinical evaluation of two immunoassays showed remarkably high true positivity rates in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. Sensitivities obtained with CLIA and ELISA methods were 99.02% vs. 97.09% and specificities 99.52% vs 99.05% respectively. Conclusions We found an acceptable accordance between CLIA and ELISA assays in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. In all subjects included in this study in the past medical history, the information that was obtained included details about the presence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Konstantinidis
- MD, PhD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavroula Zisaki
- MSc, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- MD, PhD, Pediatric Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Ioanna Nanousi
- MSc, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eftychia G Kontekaki
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasilis Petrakis
- MD, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Kalliopi Parrisi
- Ms, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Fotiadou
- Ms, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Linardou
- Ms, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lemonakis
- MSs, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasia Grapsa
- MD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Gioka
- MD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Lazidis
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papagoras
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Chistina Tsigalou
- MD, PhD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- MD, PhD, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- MD, PhD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece, Alexandroupolis
| | - Georges Martinis
- MD, Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- MD, PhD, Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Universit y General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Klevebro S, Bahram F, Elfström KM, Hellberg U, Hober S, Merid SK, Kull I, Nilsson P, Tornvall P, Wang G, Conneryd Lundgren K, Ponzer S, Dillner J, Melén E. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among hospital healthcare workers in relation to patient contact and type of care. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:707-712. [PMID: 34148454 PMCID: PMC8521364 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211022434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess prevalence of IgG antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and factors associated with seropositivity in a large cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS From 11 May until 11 June 2020, 3981 HCWs at a large Swedish emergency care hospital provided serum samples and questionnaire data. Presence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured as an indicator of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. RESULTS The total seroprevalence was 18% and increased during the study period. Among the seropositive HCWs, 11% had been entirely asymptomatic. Participants who worked with COVID-19 patients had higher odds for seropositivity: adjusted odds ratio 1.96 (95% confidence intervals 1.59-2.42). HCWs from three of the departments managing COVID-19 patients had significantly higher seroprevalences, whereas the prevalence among HCWs from the intensive care unit (also managing COVID-19 patients) was significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS HCWs in contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a variable, but on average higher, likelihood for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Klevebro
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fuad Bahram
- Clinical Reseach Center, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | - Ulrika Hellberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Sari Ponzer
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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149
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El Rifay AS, Mahmoud SH, Marouf MA, Gomaa MR, El Taweel A, Abo Shama NM, GabAllah M, Abd El Dayem SM, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, El‐Shesheny R, Kayali G, Ali MA. Determinants of having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies in Egypt. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:750-756. [PMID: 34264010 PMCID: PMC8446982 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases underestimate the true burden of disease as cases without laboratory confirmation, and asymptomatic and mild cases are missed by local surveillance systems. Population-based seroprevalence studies can provide better estimates of burden of disease by taking into account infections that were missed by surveillance systems. Additionally, little is known about the determinants of seroconversion in community settings. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional serologic survey among 888 participants in Egypt. RESULTS Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 30% of study volunteers. Age and educational level were associated with being seropositive as people older than 70 years and people with graduate degrees had lower seroprevalence. Self-reporting cases having COVID-19-related symptoms such as fever, malaise, headache, dyspnea, dry cough, chest pain, diarrhea, and loss of taste or smell were all associated with having antibodies. Fever and loss of taste or smell were strong predictors with odds ratios of 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.5) and 4.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.6-7.8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results can guide COVID-19 prevention and control policies and assist in determining the immunity level in some Egyptian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S. El Rifay
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
- Child Health DepartmentNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Mohamed A. Marouf
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Mokhtar R. Gomaa
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Noura M. Abo Shama
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Mohamed GabAllah
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | | | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Rabeh El‐Shesheny
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TexasHoustonTexasUSA
- Life Sciences DivisionHuman LinkDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza VirusesNational Research CentreGizaEgypt
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150
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Pérez-Tanoira R, Lledó García L, Torralba González de Suso M, Rodríguez Zapata M, Arroyo Serrano T, Giménez Pardo C, Rodríguez Pedrosa MI, Romero Badía MN, Pérez-García F, González López P, Villaescusa García C, Cuadros González J. High Seroprevalence Against SARS-CoV-2 Among Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Personnel and Students of the University of Alcalá, Spain: Contributing Factors. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7017-7024. [PMID: 34707393 PMCID: PMC8544125 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s332803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 within university systems is poorly studied, making evidence-based discussions of educational system reopening difficult. Moreover, few studies evaluate how antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are maintained over time. We assessed serological response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus among our university students and staff. Patients and Methods In this prospective cohort study, seroprevalence was determined in 705 randomly selected volunteers, members of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Alcalá, using a chemiluminescent Siemens' SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay for total antibodies. Positive samples were tested for IgG and IgM/IgA using VIRCLIA® MONOTEST (Vircell). A first analysis took place during June 2020, and in those testing positive, a determination of secondary outcomes was performed in November 2020. Results A total of 130 subjects showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (18.5%, 95% CI, 15.8-21.5%). Of these, IgM/IgA was positive in 27 and indeterminate in 19; IgG was positive in 118, indeterminate in 1. After 23 weeks, among 102 volunteers remeasured, IgG became undetectable in 6. Presence of antibodies was associated, in multivariable logistic regression, with exposure to infected patients (31.3%) [OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.14-2.96; P = 0.012], presence of COVID-19 symptoms (52.4%) [OR 6.88, 95% CI, 4.28-11.06; P < 0.001], and confirmed earlier infection (82.9%) [OR 11.87, 95% CI, 4.26-33.07; P < 0.001]. Conclusions The faculty of medicine and health sciences personnel and students of our university showed a high infection rate for SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 associated with providing clinical care to infected patients. This emphasizes the importance of the performance of continuous surveillance methods of the most exposed health personnel, including health science students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lledó García
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba González de Suso
- Unidad de Apoyo a Investigación de la Gerencia Integrada de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá University, Guadalajara, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez Zapata
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá University, Guadalajara, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Teresa Arroyo Serrano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Giménez Pardo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Pérez-García
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Cuadros González
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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