101
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He W, Elkhooly TA, Liu X, Cavallaro A, Taheri S, Vasilev K, Feng Q. Silver nanoparticle based coatings enhance adipogenesis compared to osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells through oxidative stress. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1466-1479. [PMID: 32263113 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) based antibacterial surfaces were fabricated using plasma polymerization technology and their effects on differentiation of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated in this study. The results showed that AgNP coated surfaces do not affect the initial adhesion, spreading and proliferation of hMSCs. Furthermore, the silver coated surface promoted adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs as demonstrated by more accumulation of lipid droplets and upregulation of adipogenesis-related genes such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), adipocyte determination and differentiation factor (ADD1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, silver incorporation activated the expression of antioxidant enzymes as a consequence of the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipogenic induced cells, which was correlated with the enhanced adipogenic capacity of hMSCs. ROS generation was enhanced due to silver ion release and consequently reduced osteogenesis at the early stage after 7 days of osteogenic induction as a result of reducing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. However, the differentiation and mineralization capacity of osteoblasts were restored after 14 days of osteogenic induction, which indicated that adipogenesis favors intracellular ROS accumulation mediated by silver coatings compared to osteogenesis. None of the osteogenic related genes was affected by ROS mediated by AgNP dissolution. The findings in this work are instructive for the use of silver as an antibacterial agent in the areas of tissue engineering, stem cell therapies and implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UCS. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016; 148:183-93. [PMID: 26851532 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased body weight and metabolic disorder including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications together constitute metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome involves multitude of factors. A number of studies however indicate, with some conformity, that oxidative stress along with chronic inflammatory condition pave the way for the development of metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress, a state of lost balance between the oxidative and anti-oxidative systems of the cells and tissues, results in the over production of oxidative free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS generated could attack the cellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leading to cellular dysfunction including loss of energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, genetic mutations, altered cellular transport mechanisms and overall decreased biological activity, immune activation and inflammation. In addition, nutritional stress such as that caused by high fat high carbohydrate diet also promotes oxidative stress as evident by increased lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and decreased antioxidant system and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. These changes lead to initiation of pathogenic milieu and development of several chronic diseases. Studies suggest that in obese person oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the important underlying factors that lead to development of pathologies such as carcinogenesis, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases through altered cellular and nuclear mechanisms, including impaired DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. Here we discuss the aspects of metabolic disorders-induced oxidative stress in major pathological conditions and strategies for their prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, JayPee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201 307, UP, India.
| | - Gagan Deep
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Metabolic Disorder & Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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Park KY, Na Y, Kim MS. Role of Nox4 in Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2016.26.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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104
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Stockler-Pinto MB, Saldanha JF, Yi D, Mafra D, Fouque D, Soulage CO. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate exacerbates reactive oxygen species production and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipose cells. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:337-44. [PMID: 26617268 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1125996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common features of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and many uremic solutes retained in these patients could be involved in these processes, among which protein-bound solutes such as indoxyl sulfate (IS). White adipose tissue recently gained attention as an important source of inflammation and oxidative stress. To examine the effect of IS on adipocytes, 3T3-L1 adipose cells were incubated with IS to mimic the conditions encountered in uremic patients. Incubation of adipose cells with IS increased reactive oxygen species production generated mainly through activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase since it was prevented by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Exposure to IS furthermore exacerbated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by adipose cells. This inflammatory response was prevented by NADPH oxidase inhibition pinpointing the pivotal role of intracellular oxidative stress. IS induces adipocyte perturbation and promotes inflammatory state mainly through induction of oxidative stress. IS, a uremic toxin, accumulates in CKD patients could, therefore, be an important mediator of adipocyte dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- a Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói , Brazil
| | - Juliana F Saldanha
- b Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói , Brazil
| | - Dan Yi
- c Université De Lyon, INSA De Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Denise Mafra
- a Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói , Brazil ;,b Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói , Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- c Université De Lyon, INSA De Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060 , Villeurbanne , France ;,d Department of Nephrology , Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud , Pierre-Bénite , France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- c Université De Lyon, INSA De Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060 , Villeurbanne , France
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105
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Asanagi M, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Nicotine induces mitochondrial fission through mitofusin degradation in human multipotent embryonic carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:300-305. [PMID: 26774337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is considered to contribute to the health risks associated with cigarette smoking. Nicotine exerts its cellular functions by acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and adversely affects normal embryonic development. However, nicotine toxicity has not been elucidated in human embryonic stage. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of nicotine in human multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2/D1. We found that exposure to 10 μM nicotine decreased intracellular ATP levels and inhibited proliferation of NT2/D1 cells. Because nicotine suppressed energy production, which is a critical mitochondrial function, we further assessed the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial dynamics. Staining with MitoTracker revealed that 10 μM nicotine induced mitochondrial fragmentation. The levels of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusins 1 and 2, were also reduced in cells exposed to nicotine. These nicotine effects were blocked by treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist. These data suggest that nicotine degrades mitofusin in NT2/D1 cells and thus induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell growth inhibition in a nAChR-dependent manner. Thus, mitochondrial function in embryonic cells could be used to assess the developmental toxicity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Miki Asanagi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan.
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106
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Hallenborg P, Petersen RK, Kouskoumvekaki I, Newman JW, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. The elusive endogenous adipogenic PPARγ agonists: Lining up the suspects. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Koh EJ, Kim KJ, Choi J, Jeon HJ, Seo MJ, Lee BY. Ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses early stage of adipocyte development via activation of C/EBP homologous protein-10 in 3T3-L1 and attenuates fat accumulation in high fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. J Ginseng Res 2015; 41:23-30. [PMID: 28123318 PMCID: PMC5223064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg1 is a class of steroid glycoside and triterpene saponin in Panax ginseng. Many studies suggest that Rg1 suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1. However, the detail molecular mechanism of Rg1 on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 is still not fully understood. Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocyte was used to evaluate the effect of Rg1 on adipocyte development in the differentiation in a stage-dependent manner in vitro. Oil Red O staining and Nile red staining were conducted to measure intracellular lipid accumulation and superoxide production, respectively. We analyzed the protein expression using Western blot in vitro. The zebrafish model was used to investigate whether Rg1 suppresses the early stage of fat accumulation in vivo. Results Rg1 decreased lipid accumulation in early-stage differentiation of 3T3-L1 compared with intermediate and later stages of adipocyte differentiation. Rg1 dramatically increased CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein-10 (CHOP10) and subsequently reduced the C/EBPβ transcriptional activity that prohibited the initiation of adipogenic marker expression as well as triglyceride synthase. Rg1 decreased the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which are also essential for stimulating the expression of CEBPβ. Rg1 also reduced reactive oxygen species production because of the downregulated protein level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4). While Rg1 increased the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, it also dramatically decreased the accumulation of lipid and triglyceride in high fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Conclusion We demonstrated that Rg1 suppresses early-stage differentiation via the activation of CHOP10 and attenuates fat accumulation in vivo. These results indicate that Rg1 might have the potential to reduce body fat accumulation in the early stage of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jia Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hui Jeon Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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108
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Shcherbakov AB, Zholobak NM, Spivak NY, Ivanov VK. Advances and prospects of using nanocrystalline ceria in prolongation of lifespan and healthy aging. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023615130057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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109
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Llobet L, Montoya J, López-Gallardo E, Ruiz-Pesini E. Side Effects of Culture Media Antibiotics on Cell Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1143-7. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llobet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Visweswaran M, Pohl S, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dilley R, Pervaiz S, Dharmarajan A. Multi-lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells - To Wnt, or not Wnt. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:139-47. [PMID: 26410622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent precursor cells originating from several adult connective tissues. MSCs possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages, and are recognized by the expression of unique cell surface markers. Several lines of evidence suggest that various signal transduction pathways and their interplay regulate MSC differentiation. To that end, a critical player in regulating MSC differentiation is a group of proteins encoded by the Wnt gene family, which was previously known for influencing various stages of embryonic development and cell fate determination. As MSCs have gained significant clinical attention for their potential applications in regenerative medicine, it is imperative to unravel the mechanisms by which molecular regulators control differentiation of MSCs for designing cell-based therapeutics. It is rather coincidental that the functional outcome(s) of Wnt-induced signals share similarities with cellular redox-mediated networks from the standpoint of MSC biology. Furthermore, there is evidence for a crosstalk between Wnt and redox signalling, which begs the question whether Wnt-mediated differentiation signals involve the intermediary role of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we summarize the impact of Wnt signalling on multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs, and attempt to unravel the intricate interplay between Wnt and redox signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Visweswaran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Sebastian Pohl
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Rodney Dilley
- Ear Sciences Centre, University of Western Australia and Ear Science Institute Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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111
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Kramer AH, Kadye R, Houseman PS, Prinsloo E. Mitochondrial STAT3 and reactive oxygen species: A fulcrum of adipogenesis? JAKSTAT 2015; 4:e1084084. [PMID: 27127727 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2015.1084084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between cellular lineages can be controlled by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular differentiation into adipocytes is highly dependent on the production of ROS to initiate the process through activation of multiple interlinked factors that stimulate mitotic clonal expansion and cellular maturation. The signal transducer and activator of transcription family of signaling proteins have accepted roles in adipogenesis and associated lipogenesis. Non-canonical mitochondrial localization of STAT3 and other members of the STAT family however opens up new avenues for investigation of its role in the aforementioned processes. Following recent observations of differences in mitochondrially localized serine 727 phosphorylated STAT3 (mtSTAT3-pS727) in preadipocytes and adipocytes, here, we hypothesize and speculate further on the role of mitochondrial STAT3 in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Kramer
- Biotechnology Innovation Center; Rhodes University ; Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Rose Kadye
- Biotechnology Innovation Center; Rhodes University ; Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Center; Rhodes University ; Grahamstown, South Africa
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112
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Kushibiki T, Tu Y, Abu-Yousif AO, Hasan T. Photodynamic activation as a molecular switch to promote osteoblast cell differentiation via AP-1 activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13114. [PMID: 26279470 PMCID: PMC4538568 DOI: 10.1038/srep13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), cells are impregnated with a photosensitizing agent that is activated by light irradiation, thereby photochemically generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amounts of ROS produced depends on the PDT dose and the nature of the photosensitizer. Although high levels of ROS are cytotoxic, at physiological levels they play a key role as second messengers in cellular signaling pathways, pluripotency, and differentiation of stem cells. To investigate further the use of photochemically triggered manipulation of such pathways, we exposed mouse osteoblast precursor cells and rat primary mesenchymal stromal cells to low-dose PDT. Our results demonstrate that low-dose PDT can promote osteoblast differentiation via the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Although PDT has been used primarily as an anti-cancer therapy, the use of light as a photochemical "molecular switch" to promote differentiation should expand the utility of this method in basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- 1] Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA [2] Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Japan, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yupeng Tu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adnan O Abu-Yousif
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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113
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Kostyuk S, Smirnova T, Kameneva L, Porokhovnik L, Speranskij A, Ershova E, Stukalov S, Izevskaya V, Veiko N. GC-Rich Extracellular DNA Induces Oxidative Stress, Double-Strand DNA Breaks, and DNA Damage Response in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:782123. [PMID: 26273425 PMCID: PMC4529983 DOI: 10.1155/2015/782123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell free DNA (cfDNA) circulates throughout the bloodstream of both healthy people and patients with various diseases. CfDNA is substantially enriched in its GC-content as compared with human genomic DNA. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Exposure of haMSCs to GC-DNA induces short-term oxidative stress (determined with H2DCFH-DA) and results in both single- and double-strand DNA breaks (comet assay and γH2AX, foci). As a result in the cells significantly increases the expression of repair genes (BRCA1 (RT-PCR), PCNA (FACS)) and antiapoptotic genes (BCL2 (RT-PCR and FACS), BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BIRC3, and BIRC2 (RT-PCR)). Under the action of GC-DNA the potential of mitochondria was increased. Here we show that GC-rich extracellular DNA stimulates adipocyte differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs). Exposure to GC-DNA leads to an increase in the level of RNAPPARG2 and LPL (RT-PCR), in the level of fatty acid binding protein FABP4 (FACS analysis) and in the level of fat (Oil Red O). CONCLUSIONS GC-rich fragments in the pool of cfDNA can potentially induce oxidative stress and DNA damage response and affect the direction of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Such a response may be one of the causes of obesity or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Tatiana Smirnova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Larisa Kameneva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Lev Porokhovnik
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Anatolij Speranskij
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Sergey Stukalov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Vera Izevskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Natalia Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
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Lipocalin produced by myelofibrosis cells affects the fate of both hematopoietic and marrow microenvironmental cells. Blood 2015; 126:972-82. [PMID: 26022238 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by cytopenias, constitutional symptoms, splenomegaly, and marrow histopathological abnormalities (fibrosis, increased microvessel density, and osteosclerosis). The microenvironmental abnormalities are likely a consequence of the elaboration of a variety of inflammatory cytokines generated by malignant megakaryocytes and monocytes. We observed that levels of a specific inflammatory cytokine, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), were elevated in the plasmas of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MF > polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia) and that LCN2 was elaborated by MF myeloid cells. LCN2 generates increased reactive oxygen species, leading to increased DNA strand breaks and apoptosis of normal, but not MF, CD34(+) cells. Furthermore, incubation of marrow adherent cells or mesenchymal stem cells with LCN2 increased the generation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but not adipocytes. LCN2 priming of mesenchymal stem cells resulted in the upregulation of RUNX2 gene as well as other genes that are capable of further affecting osteoblastogenesis, angiogenesis, and the deposition of matrix proteins. These data indicate that LCN2 is an additional MF inflammatory cytokine that likely contributes to the creation of a cascade of events that results in not only a predominance of the MF clone but also a dysfunctional microenvironment.
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115
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Ryu JM, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Lee KH, Kim DI, Kim JY, Ko SH, Choi GE, Chai II, Song EJ, Oh JY, Lee SJ, Han HJ. Regulation of Stem Cell Fate by ROS-mediated Alteration of Metabolism. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:24-35. [PMID: 26019752 PMCID: PMC4445707 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted much attention due to their distinct features that support infinite self-renewal and differentiation into the cellular derivatives of three lineages. Recent studies have suggested that many stem cells both embryonic and adult stem cells reside in a specialized niche defined by hypoxic condition. In this respect, distinguishing functional differences arising from the oxygen concentration is important in understanding the nature of stem cells and in controlling stem cell fate for therapeutic purposes. ROS act as cellular signaling molecules involved in the propagation of signaling and the translation of environmental cues into cellular responses to maintain cellular homeostasis, which is mediated by the coordination of various cellular processes, and to adapt cellular activity to available bioenergetic sources. Thus, in this review, we describe the physiological role of ROS in stem cell fate and its effect on the metabolic regulation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dah Ihm Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hee Ko
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ing Ing Chai
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Song
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Synergistic protection of N-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate on human mesenchymal stem cells against mitoptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9819. [PMID: 25909282 PMCID: PMC4408980 DOI: 10.1038/srep09819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) contribute to ischemic tissue repair, regeneration, and possess ability to self-renew. However, poor viability of transplanted hMSCs within ischemic tissues has limited its therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new method to improve the viability of the grafted cells. By using a systematic analysis, we reveal the mechanism of synergistic protection of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) on hMSCs that were under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The combined treatment of NAC and AAP (NAC/AAP) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases mitochondrial fission/fragmentation due to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial fission/fragmentation is a major prologue of mitoptosis. NAC/AAP prevents apoptotic cell death via decreasing the activation of BAX, increasing the expression of BCL2, and reducing cytochrome c release from mitochondria that might lead to the activation of caspase cascade. Stabilization of mitochondria also prevents the release of AIF, and its nuclear translocation which may activate necroptosis via H2AX pathway. The decreasing of mitoptosis is further studied by MicroP image analysis, and is associated with decreased activation of Drp1. In conclusion, NAC/AAP protects mitochondria from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and rescues hMSCs from mitoptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis.
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Yamada S, Kotake Y, Nakano M, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Tributyltin induces mitochondrial fission through NAD-IDH dependent mitofusin degradation in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Metallomics 2015; 7:1240-6. [PMID: 25909344 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are well-known endocrine disruptors. TBT acts at the nanomolar level through genomic pathways via the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR). We recently reported that TBT inhibits cell growth and the ATP content in the human embryonic carcinoma cell line NT2/D1 via a non-genomic pathway involving NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH), which metabolizes isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NAD-IDH mediates TBT toxicity remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of TBT on mitochondrial NAD-IDH and energy production. Staining with MitoTracker revealed that nanomolar TBT levels induced mitochondrial fragmentation. TBT also degraded the mitochondrial fusion proteins, mitofusins 1 and 2. Interestingly, apigenin, an inhibitor of NAD-IDH, mimicked the effects of TBT. Incubation with an α-ketoglutarate analogue partially recovered TBT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, supporting the involvement of NAD-IDH. Our data suggest that nanomolar TBT levels impair mitochondrial quality control via NAD-IDH in NT2/D1 cells. Thus, mitochondrial function in embryonic cells could be used to assess cytotoxicity associated with metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku 158-8501, Japan.
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Sela M, Tirza G, Ravid O, Volovitz I, Solodeev I, Friedman O, Zipori D, Gur E, Krelin Y, Shani N. NOX1-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in abdominal fat-derived mesenchymal stromal cells impinges on long-term proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1728. [PMID: 25880095 PMCID: PMC4650551 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and can be derived from different adult tissues including fat. Our repeated attempts to produce long-term proliferative cultures of rat abdominal adipose stem cells (aASCs) under normal oxygen concentration (21%) were unsuccessful. We set to examine the events controlling this cytostasis of aASCs and found that it resulted from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that led to apoptosis. ROS overproduction in aASCs was accompanied by increased expression of NOX1 but not of NOX2 or NOX4. NOX family members are an important source of intracellular ROS pointing to NOX1 involvement in ROS accumulation. This was verified when aASCs that were grown under 3% oxygen conditions expanded long term, displaying reduced NOX1 expression and decreased ROS accumulation. NOX1 involvement in aASC cytostasis was reaffirmed when cells that were expanded under normoxic conditions in the presence of a specific NOX1 inhibitor, ML171, demonstrated reduced ROS accumulation, reduced apoptosis and long-term expansion. aASC expansion arrest was accompanied also by a weak fat differentiation and migratory potential, which was enhanced by NOX1 inhibition. This suggests an inhibitory role for NOX1-induced ROS overproduction on aASCs, their fat differentiation and migratory potential. In contrast to aASCs, similar cells produced from subcutaneous fat were easily expanded in normoxic cultures, exhibiting low ROS concentrations, a low number of apoptotic cells and improved fat differentiation and migration. Taken together, our results show, for the first time, that NOX1-induced ROS accumulation halts ASC expansion and reduces their differentiation and migratory potential under normoxic conditions. Importantly, this phenotype comprises a tissue-specific signature as it was evident in aASCs but not in subcutaneous ASCs. NOX-induced ROS accumulation and cytokine production by fat are part of the metabolic syndrome. The similarity of this phenomenon to aASC phenotype may indicate that they arise from similar molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sela
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Tirza
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Ravid
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Volovitz
- The Neurosurgery Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Solodeev
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Friedman
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Zipori
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Gur
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Krelin
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shani
- The Plastic Surgery Department Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Di Giacomo C, Vanella L, Sorrenti V, Santangelo R, Barbagallo I, Calabrese G, Genovese C, Mastrojeni S, Ragusa S, Acquaviva R. Effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray extract on adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122320. [PMID: 25848759 PMCID: PMC4388505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine. There is increasing interest on the in vivo protective effects of natural compounds contained in plants against oxidative damage caused from reactive oxygen species. In the present study the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were determined; furthermore, free radical scavenging capacity of each extract and the ability of these extracts to inhibit in vitro plasma lipid peroxidation were also evaluated. Since oxidative stress may be involved in trasformation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes, to test the hypothesis that Tithonia extract may also affect adipocyte differentiation, human mesenchymal stem cell cultures were treated with Tithonia diversifolia aqueous extract and cell viability, free radical levels, Oil-Red O staining and western bolt analysis for heme oxygenase and 5'-adenosine monophoshate-activated protein kinase were carried out. Results obtained in the present study provide evidence that Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray exhibits interesting health promoting properties, resulting both from its free radical scavenger capacity and also by induction of protective cellular systems involved in cellular stress defenses and in adipogenesis of mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Giacomo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Genovese
- Dept. of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvana Mastrojeni
- Dept. of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Dept. of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
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120
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Lu W, Liu K. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulate adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stress induced by arabinosylcytosine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120629. [PMID: 25768922 PMCID: PMC4359087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The increase in adipocytes induced by chemotherapeutic drugs may play a negative role in hematopoietic recovery. However, the mechanism underlying adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in hematopoietic stress is still unknown. Hence, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocyte differentiation under hematopoietic stress was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods The roles of cellular ROS in adipogenesis were investigated in vivo through an adipocyte hyperplasia marrow model under hematopoietic stress induced by arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) and in vitro via adipocyte differentiation of human MSCs. ROS levels were detected using the CM-H2DCFDA probe and Mito-SOX dye. Adipogenesis was evaluated by histopathology and oil red O staining, whereas detection of mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and adipogenesis markers was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results ROS were found to play an important role in regulating adipocyte differentiation of MSCs by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ,) while the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine acts through ROS to inhibit adipocyte differentiation. The elevated ROS levels induced by Ara-C were caused by both over-generation of mitochondrial ROS and reduction of antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase and catalase). Our findings suggest that a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant could diminish adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Atashi F, Modarressi A, Pepper MS. The role of reactive oxygen species in mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation: a review. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1150-63. [PMID: 25603196 PMCID: PMC4424969 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The multipotent stem cell component of MSC isolates is able to differentiate into derivatives of the mesodermal lineage including adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Many common pathways have been described in the regulation of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. However, stimulation of osteogenesis appears to suppress adipogenesis and vice-versa. Increasing evidence implicates a tight regulation of these processes by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are short-lived oxygen-containing molecules that display high chemical reactivity toward DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Mitochondrial complexes I and III, and the NADPH oxidase isoform NOX4 are major sources of ROS production during MSC differentiation. ROS are thought to interact with several pathways that affect the transcription machinery required for MSC differentiation including the Wnt, Hedgehog, and FOXO signaling cascades. On the other hand, elevated levels of ROS, defined as oxidative stress, lead to arrest of the MSC cell cycle and apoptosis. Tightly regulated levels of ROS are therefore critical for MSC terminal differentiation, although the precise sources, localization, levels and the exact species of ROS implicated remain to be determined. This review provides a detailed overview of the influence of ROS on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Atashi
- 1 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva , University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kim H, Kim DH, Seo KH, Chon JW, Nah SY, Bartley GE, Arvik T, Lipson R, Yokoyama W. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota is associated with lower plasma cholesterol and weight gain in hamsters fed chardonnay grape seed flour. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1460-1467. [PMID: 25598538 DOI: 10.1021/jf5026373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity effects of whole grape seed flour from white and red winemaking was evaluated. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a high-fat (HF) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with 10% partially defatted grape seed flours from either Chardonnay (ChrSd) or Cabernet Sauvignon (CabSd) grapes for 3 weeks. The numbers of total bacteria and relative abundances of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Firmicutes in feces were significantly lower, while the relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was greater than the control from feeding the ChrSd diet. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) was lower in the ChrSd diet. There were significantly positive correlations between Lactobacillus spp., ratio of F/B, and plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol and liver weight. The reduction of Lactobacillus spp. by the ChrSd diet was accompanied by inhibition of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling in the intestine as expression of intestinal fibrablast growth factor (FGF)15, positively regulated by FXR, was decreased. Expression of CYP7A1, negatively regulated by FGF15, was up-regulated in the liver, which indicates that alteration of the intestinal microbiota may regulate bile acid and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that beneficial health effects of Chardonnay grape seed flour on HF-induced metabolic disease relate in part to modulation of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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Bigarella CL, Liang R, Ghaffari S. Stem cells and the impact of ROS signaling. Development 2015; 141:4206-18. [PMID: 25371358 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for stem cell function during both early development and tissue homeostasis throughout life. Recent evidence from both pluripotent embryonic and adult stem cell studies suggests that this balance is partly regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in synchrony with metabolism, mediate the cellular redox state. In this Primer, we summarize what ROS are and how they are generated in the cell, as well as their downstream molecular targets. We then review recent findings that provide molecular insights into how ROS signaling can influence stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment, and discuss the implications of this for reprogramming and stem cell ageing. We conclude that ROS signaling is an emerging key regulator of multiple stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Bigarella
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raymond Liang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Beg M, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Singh SP, Jagdale P, Puri A, Chaudhari BP, Sashidhara KV, Gaikwad AN. A clerodane diterpene inhibit adipogenesis by cell cycle arrest and ameliorate obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:373-85. [PMID: 25450865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A clerodane diterpene, 16α-Hydroxycleroda-3, 13 (14) Z-dien-15, 16-olide (compound 1) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia had previously been reported as a new structural class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor apart from statins. Statins are known to be anti-adipogenic in nature. The distant structural similarity between compound 1 and lovastatin (polyketide class of compound) prompted us to investigate effects of diterpene compound 1 on adipogenesis and thereby obesity. High content microscopy proved diterpene compound 1 exhibits better anti-adipogenic activity and less toxicity in differentiating adipocytes. Moreover, it reduced expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and GLUT4 during differentiation in a time and concentration dependent manner. Diterpene compound 1 during early differentiation reduced MDI induced-Akt/mTOR phosphorylation and expression of cell cycle proteins, and thereby halted mitotic clonal expansion, the decisive factor in early adipogenesis. Further, its anti-adipogenic activity was validated in murine mesenchymal cell-line C3H10T1/2 and human mesenchymal stem cell models of adipogenic differentiation. When compound 1 was administered along with HFD, for another 8 weeks in 2 month HFD fed overweight mice (with BMI > 30 and impaired glucose tolerance), it attenuated weight gain and epididymal fat accumulation. It improved body glucose tolerance, reduced HFD induced increase in total cholesterol and leptin/adiponectin ratio. All these effects were comparable with standard anti-obesity drug Orlistat with added edge of potently decreasing circulating triglyceride levels comparable with normal chow fed group. Histological analysis shows that compound 1 inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy and decreased steatosis in hepatocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate a potential value of compound 1 as a novel anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Pathology Laboratories, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anju Puri
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Pathology Laboratories, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Oxidative stress, redox regulation and diseases of cellular differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1607-21. [PMID: 25445706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within cells, there is a narrow concentration threshold that governs whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce toxicity or act as second messengers. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss current understanding of how ROS arise, facilitate cell signaling, cause toxicities and disease related to abnormal cell differentiation and those (primarily) sulfur based pathways that provide nucleophilicity to offset these effects. PRIMARY CONCLUSIONS Cellular redox homeostasis mediates a plethora of cellular pathways that determine life and death events. For example, ROS intersect with GSH based enzyme pathways to influence cell differentiation, a process integral to normal hematopoiesis, but also affecting a number of diverse cell differentiation related human diseases. Recent attempts to manage such pathologies have focused on intervening in some of these pathways, with the consequence that differentiation therapy targeting redox homeostasis has provided a platform for drug discovery and development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The balance between electrophilic oxidative stress and protective biomolecular nucleophiles predisposes the evolution of modern life forms. Imbalances of the two can produce aberrant redox homeostasis with resultant pathologies. Understanding the pathways involved provides opportunities to consider interventional strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 274 Calhoun Street MSC 141, Charleston, SC 29425-1410, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Saliev T, Mustapova Z, Kulsharova G, Bulanin D, Mikhalovsky S. Therapeutic potential of electromagnetic fields for tissue engineering and wound healing. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:485-93. [PMID: 25319486 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ability of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation has attracted the attention of many laboratories specialized in regenerative medicine over the past number of decades. Recent studies have shed light on bio-effects induced by the EMF and how they might be harnessed to help control tissue regeneration and wound healing. Number of recent reports suggests that EMF has a positive impact at different stages of healing. Processes impacted by EMF include, but are not limited to, cell migration and proliferation, expression of growth factors, nitric oxide signalling, cytokine modulation, and more. These effects have been detected even during application of low frequencies (range: 30-300 kHz) and extremely low frequencies (range: 3-30 Hz). In this regard, special emphasis of this review is the applications of extremely low-frequency EMFs due to their bio-safety and therapeutic efficacy. The article also discusses combinatorial effect of EMF and mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and bone tissue engineering. In addition, we discuss future perspectives of application of EMF for tissue engineering and use of metal nanoparticles activated by EMF for drug delivery and wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saliev
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Artificial Organs, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan; Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 1FD, UK
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Ludin A, Gur-Cohen S, Golan K, Kaufmann KB, Itkin T, Medaglia C, Lu XJ, Ledergor G, Kollet O, Lapidot T. Reactive oxygen species regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, migration and development, as well as their bone marrow microenvironment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1605-19. [PMID: 24762207 PMCID: PMC4175025 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Blood forming, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mostly reside in the bone marrow in a quiescent, nonmotile state via adhesion interactions with stromal cells and macrophages. Quiescent, proliferating, and differentiating stem cells have different metabolism, and accordingly different amounts of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, ROS is not just a byproduct of metabolism, but also plays a role in stem cell state and function. RECENT ADVANCES ROS levels are dynamic and reversibly dictate enhanced cycling and myeloid bias in ROS(high) short-term repopulating stem cells, and ROS(low) quiescent long-term repopulating stem cells. Low levels of ROS, regulated by intrinsic factors such as cell respiration or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) activity, or extrinsic factors such as stem cell factor or prostaglandin E2 are required for maintaining stem cell self-renewal. High ROS levels, due to stress and inflammation, induce stem cell differentiation and enhanced motility. CRITICAL ISSUES Stem cells need to be protected from high ROS levels to avoid stem cell exhaustion, insufficient host immunity, and leukemic transformation that may occur during chronic inflammation. However, continuous low ROS production will lead to lack of stem cell function and opportunistic infections. Ultimately, balanced ROS levels are crucial for maintaining the small stem cell pool and host immunity, both in homeostasis and during stress situations. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Deciphering the signaling pathway of ROS in HSC will provide a better understanding of ROS roles in switching HSC from quiescence to activation and vice versa, and will also shed light on the possible roles of ROS in leukemia initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ludin
- 1 Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
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Wang C, Chen X, Zou H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhao S. The roles of mitoferrin-2 in the process of arsenic trioxide-induced cell damage in human gliomas. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:49. [PMID: 25256833 PMCID: PMC4200193 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among glioma treatment strategies, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has shown efficacy as a therapeutic agent against human gliomas. However, the exact antitumor mechanism of action of As2O3 is still unclear. Mitochondria are considered to be the major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be associated with As2O3-induced cell damage. Therefore, we investigated whether mitoferrin-2, a mitochondrial iron uptake transporter, participates in As2O3-induced cell killing in human gliomas. Methods Human glioma cell lines were used to explore the mechanism of As2O3’s antitumor effects. First, expression of mitoferrin-2 was analyzed in glioma cells that were pretreated with As2O3. Changes in ROS production and apoptosis were assessed. Furthermore, cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Results In the present study we found that As2O3 induced ROS production and apoptosis in glioma cells. In addition, gene expression of mitoferrin-2, a mitochondrial iron uptake transporter, was increased 4 to 5 fold after exposure to As2O3 (5 μM) for 48 hours. Furthermore, apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by As2O3 in glioma cells were decreased after silencing the mitoferrin-2 gene. Conclusions Our findings indicated that mitoferrin-2 participates in mitochondrial ROS-dependent mechanisms underlying As2O3-mediated damage in glioma cells.
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Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies: from an adipocentric point of view. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:908539. [PMID: 25143800 PMCID: PMC4131099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/908539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants derivatives production and antioxidants defenses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally considered to be detrimental for health. However, evidences have been provided that they can act as second messengers in adaptative responses to stress. Obesity represents a major risk factor for deleterious associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, liver, and coronary heart diseases. Many evidences regarding obesity-induced oxidative stress accumulated over the past few years based on established correlations of biomarkers or end-products of free-radical-mediated oxidative stress with body mass index. The hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially insulin-resistance state, is supported by several studies where treatments reducing ROS production reverse metabolic alterations, notably through improvement of insulin sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, or hepatic steatosis. In this review, we will develop the mechanistic links between oxidative stress generated by adipose tissue in the context of obesity and its impact on metabolic complications development. We will also attempt to discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting obesity-associated oxidative stress in order to prevent associated-metabolic complications.
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Catalano MG, Marano F, Rinella L, de Girolamo L, Bosco O, Fortunati N, Berta L, Frairia R. Extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWs) enhance the osteogenic medium-induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast-like cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:390-399. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Marano
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Letizia Rinella
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Orthopaedic Biotechnologies Laboratory; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Milan Italy
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Nicoletta Fortunati
- Oncological Endocrinology; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino; Turin Italy
| | | | - Roberto Frairia
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
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Calzadilla P, Gómez-Serrano M, García-Santos E, Schiappacasse A, Abalde Y, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-Acetylcysteine affects obesity-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Redox Rep 2014; 18:210-8. [PMID: 24112955 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogeneses of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, but its effect on fat accumulation is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the role of the well-known antioxidant and a glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in fat accumulation and the expression of obesity-associated proteins. METHODS We studied the effects of 10 µM NAC on obesity-related protein expression in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids. RESULTS NAC treatment inhibited fat accumulation and reduced the expression of obesity-related proteins, including monoamine oxidase A, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), aminoacylase -1 (ACY-1), and transketolase. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the effects of NAC on triglycerides (Tgs) and protein expression are correlated. In support of this, we showed that NAC treatment affected both the Tg synthesis pathway and the expression levels of proteins implicated in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calzadilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit adipogenesis in rat mesenchymal stem cells: potential therapeutic implications. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2952-62. [PMID: 24805277 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, NC) have extraordinary antioxidant activity that made them suitable as a therapeutic agent for several diseases where reactive oxygen species (ROS) act by impairing the normal redox balance. Among different functions, it has been proven that ROS are cellular messengers involved in the adipogenesis: we thus investigated the implication of NC administration in the potential inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used as a model of adipogenesis. METHODS We evaluated cytotoxic effects and adipogenic maturation of mesenchymal stem cells following in vitro NC administration, both at gene and at phenotype level. RESULTS Overall, our results demonstrated that NC efficiently inhibit the maturation of MSCs toward adipocytes owing to their ability to reduce the production of the ROS necessary during adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings, even if preliminary, represent an important step toward the potential pharmaceutical application of NC in the treatment of obesity.
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Khalyfa A, Wang Y, Zhang SX, Qiao Z, Abdelkarim A, Gozal D. Sleep fragmentation in mice induces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2-dependent mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors in visceral white adipose tissue. Sleep 2014; 37:999-1009. [PMID: 24790279 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) without sleep curtailment induces increased adiposity. However, it remains unclear whether mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors (APs) occurs in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT), and whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2) activity plays a role. METHODS Changes in VWAT depot cell size and AP proliferation were assessed in wild-type and Nox2 null male mice exposed to SF and control sleep (SC). To assess mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitors were isolated from GFP+ or RFP+ mice, and injected intravenously to adult male mice (C57BL/6) previously exposed to SF or SC. RESULTS In comparison with SC, SF was associated with increased weight accrual at 3 w and thereafter, larger subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, and overall adipocyte size at 8 w. Increased global AP numbers in VWAT along with enhanced AP BrDU labeling in vitro and in vivo emerged in SF. Systemic injections of GFP+ BM-MSC resulted in increased AP in VWAT, as well as in enhanced differentiation into adipocytes in SF-exposed mice. No differences occurred between SF and SC in Nox2 null mice for any of these measurements. CONCLUSIONS Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) induces obesity in mice and increased proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors (AP) in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) that are mediated by increased Nox2 activity. In addition, enhanced migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the systemic circulation into VWAT, along with AP differentiation, proliferation, and adipocyte formation occur in SF-exposed wild-type but not in oxidase 2 (Nox2) null mice. Thus, Nox2 may provide a therapeutic target to prevent obesity in the context of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yang Wang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shelley X Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Amal Abdelkarim
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stem cells are characterized by the properties of self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, and thus maintain tissue homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a natural byproduct of aerobic metabolism and have roles in cell signaling. Regulation of ROS has a vital role in maintaining "stemness" and differentiation of the stem cells, as well as in progression of stem-cell-associated diseases. RECENT ADVANCES As of late, much research has been done on the adverse effects of ROS in stem cells. However, recently it has become apparent that in some cases redox status of the stem cell does have a role in maintaining its identity as such. Both pluripotent and multipotent stem cell types have been reported to possess enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms for detoxification of ROS and to correct oxidative damage to the genome as well as the proteome. CRITICAL ISSUES Although context dependent and somewhat varied among different stem cell types, the correlation seems to exist between antioxidant defense level and stem cell fate change (i.e., proliferation, differentiation, and death). Changes in stem cell redox regulation may affect the pathogenesis of various human diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Dissecting the defined roles of ROS in distinct stem cell types will greatly enhance their basic and translational applications. Here, we discuss the various roles of ROS in adult, embryonic, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chaudhari
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Krautbauer S, Eisinger K, Hader Y, Neumeier M, Buechler C. Manganese superoxide dismutase knock-down in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes impairs subsequent adipogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:69-76. [PMID: 24740755 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is associated with the upregulation of the antioxidative enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) suggesting a vital function of this enzyme in adipocyte maturation. In the current work, MnSOD was knocked-down with small-interference RNA in preadipocytes to study its role in adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes differentiated from these cells, proteins characteristic for mature adipocytes, which are strongly induced in late adipogenesis like adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4, are markedly reduced. Triglycerides begin to accumulate after about 6 days of the induction of adipogenesis, and are strongly diminished in cells with low MnSOD. Proteins upregulated early during differentiation, like fatty acid synthase and cytochrome C oxidase-4, are not altered. Cell viability, insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt, antioxidative capacity (AOC), superoxide levels, and heme oxygenase 1 with the latter being induced upon oxidative stress are not affected. L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) depletes glutathione and modestly lowers AOC of mature adipocytes. Addition of BSO to 3T3-L1 cells 3 days after the initiation of differentiation impairs triglyceride accumulation and expression of proteins induced in late adipogenesis. Of note, proteins that increased early during adipogenesis are also diminished, suggesting that BSO causes de-differentiation of these cells. Preadipocyte proliferation is not considerably affected by low MnSOD and BSO. These data suggest that glutathione and MnSOD are essential for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
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Klinkhammer BM, Kramann R, Mallau M, Makowska A, van Roeyen CR, Rong S, Buecher EB, Boor P, Kovacova K, Zok S, Denecke B, Stuettgen E, Otten S, Floege J, Kunter U. Mesenchymal stem cells from rats with chronic kidney disease exhibit premature senescence and loss of regenerative potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92115. [PMID: 24667162 PMCID: PMC3965415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has the potential for organ repair. Nevertheless, some factors might lessen the regenerative potential of MSCs, e.g. donor age or systemic disease. It is thus important to carefully assess the patient's suitability for autologous MSC transplantation. Here we investigated the effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on MSC function. We isolated bone marrow MSCs from remnant kidney rats (RK) with CKD (CKD-RK-MSC) and found signs of premature senescence: spontaneous adipogenesis, reduced proliferation capacity, active senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, accumulation of actin and a modulated secretion profile. The functionality of CKD-RK-MSCs in vivo was tested in rats with acute anti-Thy1.1-nephritis, where healthy MSCs have been shown to be beneficial. Rats received healthy MSCs, CKD-RK-MSC or medium by injection into the left renal artery. Kidneys receiving healthy MSCs exhibited accelerated healing of glomerular lesions, whereas CKD-RK-MSC or medium exerted no benefit. The negative influence of advanced CKD/uremia on MSCs was confirmed in a second model of CKD, adenine nephropathy (AD). MSCs from rats with adenine nephropathy (CKD-AD-MSC) also exhibited cellular modifications and functional deficits in vivo. We conclude that CKD leads to a sustained loss of in vitro and in vivo functionality in MSCs, possibly due to premature cellular senescence. Considering autologous MSC therapy in human renal disease, studies identifying uremia-associated mechanisms that account for altered MSC function are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Mallau
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Makowska
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Song Rong
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Bettina Buecher
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kovacova
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zok
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Stuettgen
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Otten
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uta Kunter
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Process engineering of stem cell metabolism for large scale expansion and differentiation in bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Piccoli C, Agriesti F, Scrima R, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Capitanio N. To breathe or not to breathe: the haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells dilemma. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1652-71. [PMID: 23714011 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) constitute the lifespan reserve for the generation of all the cellular lineages in the blood. Although massive progress in identifying the cluster of master genes controlling self-renewal and multipotency has been achieved in the past decade, some aspects of the physiology of HSPCs still need to be clarified. In particular, there is growing interest in the metabolic profile of HSPCs in view of their emerging role as determinants of cell fate. Indeed, stem cells and progenitors have distinct metabolic profiles, and the transition from stem to progenitor cell corresponds to a critical metabolic change, from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we summarize evidence, reported in the literature and provided by our group, highlighting the peculiar ability of HSPCs to adapt their mitochondrial oxidative/bioenergetic metabolism to survive in the hypoxic microenvironment of the endoblastic niche and to exploit redox signalling in controlling the balance between quiescence versus active cycling and differentiation. Especial prominence is given to the interplay between hypoxia inducible factor-1, globins and NADPH oxidases in managing the mitochondrial dioxygen-related metabolism and biogenesis in HSPCs under different ambient conditions. A mechanistic model is proposed whereby 'mitochondrial differentiation' is a prerequisite in uncommitted stem cells, paving the way for growth/differentiation factor-dependent processes. Advancing the understanding of stem cell metabolism will, hopefully, help to (i) improve efforts to maintain, expand and manipulate HSPCs ex vivo and realize their potential therapeutic benefits in regenerative medicine; (ii) reprogramme somatic cells to generate stem cells; and (iii) eliminate, selectively, malignant stem cells. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Piccoli
- Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Di Bernardo G, Messina G, Capasso S, Del Gaudio S, Cipollaro M, Peluso G, Casale F, Monda M, Galderisi U. Sera of overweight people promote in vitro adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:4. [PMID: 24405848 PMCID: PMC4055107 DOI: 10.1186/scrt393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overweight status should not be considered merely an aesthetic concern; rather, it can incur health risks since it may trigger a cascade of events that produce further fat tissue through altered levels of circulating signaling molecules. There have been few studies addressing the effect of overweight status on the physiological functions of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are the progenitors of adipocytes and osteocytes and are a subset of the bone marrow stromal cell population. Methods We decided to investigate the influence of overweight individuals’ sera on in vitro MSC proliferation and differentiation. Results We observed that in vitro incubation of bone marrow stromal cells with the sera of overweight individuals promotes the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs while partially impairing proper osteogenesis. Conclusions These results, which represent a pilot study, might suggest that becoming overweight triggers further weight gains by promoting a bias in the differentiation potential of MSCs toward adipogenesis. The circulating factors involved in this phenomenon remain to be determined, since the great majority of the well known pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipocyte-secreted factors we investigated did not show relevant modifications in overweight serum samples compared with controls.
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Than A, Zhang X, Leow MKS, Poh CL, Chong SK, Chen P. Apelin attenuates oxidative stress in human adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3763-74. [PMID: 24362107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recently recognized that the increased oxidative stress (ROS overproduction) in obese condition is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Apelin is an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, and known for its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. In obesity, both oxidative stress and plasma level of apelin are increased. However, the regulatory roles of apelin on oxidative stress in adipocytes remain unknown. In the present study, we provide evidence that apelin, through its interaction with apelin receptor (APJ), suppresses production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocytes. This is further supported by the observations that apelin promotes the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes via MAPK kinase/ERK and AMPK pathways, and suppresses the expression of pro-oxidant enzyme via AMPK pathway. We further demonstrate that apelin is able to relieve oxidative stress-induced dysregulations of the expression of anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as release of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines. This study, for the first time, reveals the antioxidant properties of apelin in adipocytes, and suggests its potential as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Than
- From the Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
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Choi H, Park JY, Kim HJ, Noh M, Ueyama T, Bae Y, Lee TR, Shin DW. Hydrogen peroxide generated by DUOX1 regulates the expression levels of specific differentiation markers in normal human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 74:56-63. [PMID: 24332816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) itself plays an indispensable role in the process of differentiation in various tissues. However, it is unclear whether ROS have an effect on the differentiation of keratinocytes essential for the development of the epidermal permeability barrier. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine a major H2O2-generating source by ionomycin in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs), and elucidate the physiological role of H2O2 generated by identified dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) on differentiation markers of NHKs. METHODS To detect H2O2 level generated by ionomycin in NHKs, luminal-HRP assays are performed. To examine the effects of DUOX1 on differentiation markers of NHKs, analysis of Q-RT-PCR, siRNA knockdown, and Western blot analysis were performed. RESULTS We found that levels of H2O2 generated by ionomycin, a Ca(2+) signal inducer, showed Ca(2+) dependence manner. In addition, DPI, an inhibitor of NOXes, significantly reversed the ionomycin-induced H2O2 level, and inhibited the mRNA expression levels of keratin 1, keratin 10, and filaggrin compared with other ROS generating system inhibitors. Interestingly, we demonstrated that extracellular Ca(2+) markedly up-regulated mRNA expression levels of DUOX1 among NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms. Knockdown of DUOX1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in NHKs significantly antagonized an increase of ionomycin-induced H2O2 level, and specifically decreased the expressions of several keratinocyte differentiation markers such as keratin 1, transglutaminase 3, desmoglein 1, and aquaporin 9. In addition, we also found that formation of cornified envelope was significantly reduced in DUOX1-knockdown NHKs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DUOX1 is the major H2O2-producing source in NHKs stimulated with Ca(2+), and plays a significant role in regulating the expression of specific markers necessary for the normal differentiation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Choi
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yearl Park
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Bioscience Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea.
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142
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Kim JH, Kim SH, Song SY, Kim WS, Song SU, Yi T, Jeon MS, Chung HM, Xia Y, Sung JH. Hypoxia induces adipocyte differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by triggering reactive oxygen species generation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:32-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience; CHA University; Seoul Korea
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory; CHA Stem Cell Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy; CHA University; Pocheon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; CHA Bundang Medical Center; CHA University; Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sun U. Song
- Translational Research Center and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - TacGhee Yi
- Translational Research Center and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Jeon
- Translational Research Center and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience; CHA University; Seoul Korea
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory; CHA Stem Cell Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Department of Applied Bioscience; CHA University; Seoul Korea
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory; CHA Stem Cell Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Pharmacy; CHA University; Pocheon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
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143
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Laboratory for Energy Metabolism, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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144
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Sun LY, Pang CY, Li DK, Liao CH, Huang WC, Wu CC, Chou YY, Li WW, Chen SY, Liu HW, Chang YJ, Cheng CF. Antioxidants cause rapid expansion of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via CDK and CDK inhibitor regulation. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:53. [PMID: 23915242 PMCID: PMC3751058 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antioxidants have been shown to enhance the proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in vitro, although the detailed mechanism(s) and potential side effects are not fully understood. In this study, human ADMSCs cultured in ImF-A medium supplemented with antioxidants (N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) were compared with ADMSCs cultured with FGF-2 alone (ImF) or with FGF-2 under 5% pO2 conditions (ImF-H). Results During log-phase growth, exposure to ImF-A resulted in a higher percentage of ADMSCs in the S phase of the cell cycle and a smaller percentage in G0/G1 phase. This resulted in a significantly reduced cell-doubling time and increased number of cells in the antioxidant-supplemented cultures compared with those supplemented with FGF-2 alone, an approximately 225% higher cell density after 7 days. Western blotting showed that the levels of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 decreased after ImF-A treatment, whereas CDK2, CDK4, and CDC2 levels clearly increased. In addition, ImF-A resulted in significant reduction in the expression of CD29, CD90, and CD105, whereas relative telomere length, osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis were enhanced. The results were similar for ADMSCs treated with antioxidants and those under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion Antioxidant treatment promotes entry of ADMSCs into the S phase by suppressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and results in rapid cell proliferation similar to that observed under hypoxic conditions.
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145
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Liu GS, Peshavariya HM, Higuchi M, Chan EC, Dusting GJ, Jiang F. Pharmacological priming of adipose-derived stem cells for paracrine VEGF production with deferoxamine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E167-76. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guei-Sheung Liu
- O'Brien Institute; Fitzroy Victoria Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Department of Ophthalmology; University of Melbourne; East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Hitesh M. Peshavariya
- O'Brien Institute; Fitzroy Victoria Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Department of Ophthalmology; University of Melbourne; East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elsa C. Chan
- O'Brien Institute; Fitzroy Victoria Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Department of Ophthalmology; University of Melbourne; East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gregory J. Dusting
- O'Brien Institute; Fitzroy Victoria Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Department of Ophthalmology; University of Melbourne; East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Fan Jiang
- O'Brien Institute; Fitzroy Victoria Australia
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
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146
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Hunt JA, Fok M, Bryan N. Impact of cell purification technique of autologous human adult stem cells on inflammatory reaction. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7626-31. [PMID: 23871537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells have shown fantastic regenerative potential as the cellular components of biomaterial mediated tissue engineering. Realising the biomedical potential of human adult stem cells (hASCs) however will require delivery in an ultra- purified format, without competing cells which may mediate inflammation, fibrosis or tumorigenesis. Purifying ASCs involves exhuming cells from primary tissue using immunoaffinity; which isolates pure populations with the complication of retained immunoglobulin (Ig); the clinical impact of which is currently not known. One of the negative outcomes of retained surface Ig is exacerbation of inflammation by leucocyte Fc receptor (FcR) activation, with consequences ranging from inflammatory cytokine and ROS release to chronic inflammation. The balance of ROS within a tissue will impact the efficacy of a stem cell therapy as ROS play an important role in stem cell self renewal and differentiation. In this study we utilised a chemiluminescent monitoring technique based on a ROS excitable photoprotein Pholasin, to quantify leucocyte ROS production in response to xenogeneic and recombinant human Ig of varying class and isotype with applications in stem cell selection. We were able to demonstrate inter-class differences in leucocyte ROS response to Ig which also varied between donors. This study highlighted the potential for utilising this technique for personalisation of autologous ASC therapies. This would allow clinicians to perform a rapid pre-operative screen to maximise the probability for success of an ASC intervention based on cell isolation using an Ig most appropriate for a specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hunt
- Clinical Engineering, UKCTE, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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147
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vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
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148
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Ronis MJJ, Sharma N, Vantrease J, Borengasser SJ, Ferguson M, Mercer KE, Cleves MA, Gomez-Acevedo H, Badger TM. Female mice lacking p47phox have altered adipose tissue gene expression and are protected against high fat-induced obesity. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:351-66. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00148.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to determine if the NADPH-oxidase NOX2 plays a role in development of obesity after high fat feeding. Wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the essential cytosolic NOX2 system component p47phox (P47KO mice) were fed AIN-93G diets or high-fat diets (HFD) containing 45% fat and 0.5% cholesterol for 13 wk from weaning. Fat mass was increased to a similar degree by HFD in males of both genotypes ( P < 0.05). However, female P47KO-HFD mice had no increase in adiposity or adipocyte size relative to female WT-HFD mice. Resistance to HFD-driven obesity in P47KO females was associated with increased expression of hepatic TFAM and UCP-2 mRNA, markers of mitochondrial number and uncoupling, and increased expression of hepatic mitochondrial respiratory complexes and whole body energy expenditure in response to HFD. Microarray analysis revealed significantly lower expression of mRNA encoding genes linked to energy metabolism, adipocyte differentiation (PPARγ), and fatty acid uptake (CD36, lipoprotein lipase), in fat pads from female P47KO-HFD mice compared with WT-HFD females. Moreover, differentiation of preadipocytes ex vivo was suppressed more by 17β-estradiol in cells from P47KO compared with cells from WT females in conjunction with overexpression of mRNA for Pref-1 ( P < 0.05). HFD mice of both sexes were resistant to the development of hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis ( P < 0.05) and had reduced serum triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin relative to WT-HFD mice ( P < 0.05). These data suggest that NOX2 is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis and diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. J. Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Neha Sharma
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jamie Vantrease
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Matthew Ferguson
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E. Mercer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mario A. Cleves
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Horacio Gomez-Acevedo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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149
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Acquaviva R, Di Giacomo C, Vanella L, Santangelo R, Sorrenti V, Barbagallo I, Genovese C, Mastrojeni S, Ragusa S, Iauk L. Antioxidant activity of extracts of Momordica foetida Schumach. et Thonn. Molecules 2013; 18:3241-9. [PMID: 23486103 PMCID: PMC6269981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica foetida Schumach. et Thonn. (Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial climbing herb with tendrils, found in swampy areas in Central Uganda. Antidiabetic and antilipogenic activities were reported for some Momordica species, however the mechanism of action is still unknown. Oxidative stress may represent an important pathogenic mechanism in obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. The present study evaluated free radical scavenging capacity of different concentrations of aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane leaf extracts of Momordica foetida Schumach. et Thonn. and the ability of these extracts to inhibit in vitro plasma lipid peroxidation; in addition, healthy human adipose mesenchymal stem cell cultures were used in order to test the hypothesis that these extracts may affect adipocyte differentiation. Results obtained in this study suggested that aqueous extract might be useful in preventing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Author to home correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-095-738-4115; Fax: +39-095-738-4220
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Carlo Genovese
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Silvana Mastrojeni
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Liliana Iauk
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
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150
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Electromagnetic fields induce neural differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via ROS mediated EGFR activation. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:418-24. [PMID: 23411410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though the inducing effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the neural differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) is a distinctive, the underlying mechanism of differentiation remains unclear. To find out the signaling pathways involved in the neural differentiation of BM-MSCs by EMF, we examined the CREB phosphorylation and Akt or ERK activation as an upstream of CREB. In hBM-MSCs treated with ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT), the expression of neural markers such as NF-L, MAP2, and NeuroD1 increased at 6 days and phosphorylation of Akt and CREB but not ERK increased at 90 min in BM-MSCs. Moreover, EMF increased phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an upstream receptor tyrosine kinase of PI3K/Akt at 90 min. It has been well documented that ELF-MF exposure may alter cellular processes by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Thus, we examined EMF-induced ROS production in BM-MSCs. Moreover, pretreatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetylcystein, and an EGFR inhibitor, AG-1478, prevented the phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream molecules. These results suggest that EMF induce neural differentiation through activation of EGFR signaling and mild generation of ROS.
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