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Sessi V, Ibarlucea B, Seichepine F, Klinghammer S, Ibrahim I, Heinzig A, Szabo N, Mikolajick T, Hierlemann A, Frey U, Weber WM, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Multisite Dopamine Sensing With Femtomolar Resolution Using a CMOS Enabled Aptasensor Chip. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:875656. [PMID: 35720700 PMCID: PMC9204155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.875656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biomarkers including neurotransmitters are found in external body fluids, such as sweat or saliva, but at lower titration levels than they are present in blood. Efficient detection of such biomarkers thus requires, on the one hand, to use techniques offering high sensitivity, and, on the other hand, to use a miniaturized format to carry out diagnostics in a minimally invasive way. Here, we present the hybrid integration of bottom-up silicon-nanowire Schottky-junction FETs (SiNW SJ-FETs) with complementary-metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) readout and amplification electronics to establish a robust biosensing platform with 32 × 32 aptasensor measurement sites at a 100 μm pitch. The applied hetero-junctions yield a selective biomolecular detection down to femtomolar concentrations. Selective and multi-site detection of dopamine is demonstrated at an outstanding sensitivity of ∼1 V/fM. The integrated platform offers great potential for detecting biomarkers at high dilution levels and could be applied, for example, to diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases or monitoring therapy progress based on patient samples, such as tear liquid, saliva, or eccrine sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Sessi
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Bergoi Ibarlucea,
| | - Florent Seichepine
- RIKEN Quantitative Biological Center, Kobe, Japan
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Klinghammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imad Ibrahim
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Heinzig
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mikolajick
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- NaMLab gGmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- RIKEN Quantitative Biological Center, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- MaxWell Biosystems AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter M. Weber
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- NaMLab gGmbH, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Walter Weber,
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Larysa Baraban,
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
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102
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Yap SHK, Pan J, Linh DV, Zhang X, Wang X, Teo WZ, Zamburg E, Tham CK, Yew WS, Poh CL, Thean AVY. Engineered Nucleotide Chemicapacitive Microsensor Array Augmented with Physics-Guided Machine Learning for High-Throughput Screening of Cannabidiol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107659. [PMID: 35521934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent legalization of cannabidiol (CBD) to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy has sparked rising interest across global pharmaceuticals and synthetic biology industries to engineer microbes for sustainable synthetic production of medicinal CBD. Since the process involves screening large amounts of samples, the main challenge is often associated with the conventional screening platform that is time consuming, and laborious with high operating costs. Here, a portable, high-throughput Aptamer-based BioSenSing System (ABS3 ) is introduced for label-free, low-cost, fully automated, and highly accurate CBD concentrations' classification in a complex biological environment. The ABS3 comprises an array of interdigitated microelectrode sensors, each functionalized with different engineered aptamers. To further empower the functionality of the ABS3 , unique electrochemical features from each sensor are synergized using physics-guided multidimensional analysis. The capabilities of this ABS3 are demonstrated by achieving excellent CBD concentrations' classification with a high prediction accuracy of 99.98% and a fast testing time of 22 µs per testing sample using the optimized random forest (RF) model. It is foreseen that this approach will be the key to the realistic transformation from fundamental research to system miniaturization for diagnostics of disease biomarkers and drug development in the field of chemical/bioanalytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hui Kit Yap
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dao Viet Linh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhe Teo
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Chen-Khong Tham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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103
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Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Chen YL, Liu CT, Tseng HS, Wu PI, She JW, Hsiao YS, Yu HH. Sensitive Detection of Sweat Cortisol Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor Featuring Nanostructured Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives in the Channel Layer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7584-7593. [PMID: 35588463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanostructures decorated on the channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for the detection of sweat cortisol, an adrenocorticosteroid stress hormone. The OECT device featured a bilayer channel confined by a PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) underlayer and a nanostructure-decorated upper layer engineered from the monomers EDOT-COOH and EDOT-EG3 through template-free electrochemical polymerization. This molecular design allowed antibody conjugation using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling through the carboxylic acid side chain, with EDOT-EG3 known to minimize nonspecific binding of biomolecules. We also engineered an OECT device having a channel area without any nanostructures to gain insight into the effect of the nanostructures on cortisol sensing. Our new nanostructure-embedded OECT device facilitated real-time detection of cortisol at concentrations ranging from 1 fg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.0088 fg/mL with good linearity (R2 = 0.9566), in addition to excellent selectivity toward cortisol among other structurally similar interfering compounds and high stability and reproducibility. With its rapid response for the detection of 100 ng/mL cortisol-spiked artificial sweat, this nanostructure-decorated OECT device has potential clinical practicality and utility in wearable sensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Po-I Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Nano Science & Technology Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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104
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Wang C, Sani ES, Gao W. Wearable Bioelectronics for Chronic Wound Management. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2111022. [PMID: 36186921 PMCID: PMC9518812 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a major healthcare issue and can adversely affect the lives of millions of patients around the world. The current wound management strategies have limited clinical efficacy due to labor-intensive lab analysis requirements, need for clinicians' experiences, long-term and frequent interventions, limiting therapeutic efficiency and applicability. The growing field of flexible bioelectronics enables a great potential for personalized wound care owing to its advantages such as wearability, low-cost, and rapid and simple application. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable bioelectronics for monitoring and management of chronic wounds are comprehensively reviewed. First, the design principles and the key features of bioelectronics that can adapt to the unique wound milieu features are introduced. Next, the current state of wound biosensors and on-demand therapeutic systems are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss the design criteria of the integrated closed loop devices. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges in wearable bioelectronics for wound care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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105
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Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Oxide Conductive Hydrogels via the Synergy of Freezing and Salting Out for Strain Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22083015. [PMID: 35458997 PMCID: PMC9029263 DOI: 10.3390/s22083015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels of flexibility, strength, and conductivity have demonstrated broad applications in wearable electronics and soft robotics. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate conductive hydrogels with high strength massively and economically. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to design a strong ionically conductive hydrogel. This ion-conducting hydrogel was obtained under the synergistic action by salting out the frozen mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) using a high concentration of sodium chloride solution. The developed hydrogel containing only 5 wt% PVA manifests good tensile stress (65 kPa) and elongation (180%). Meanwhile, the PVA matrix doped with a small amount of GO formed uniformly porous ion channels after salting out, endowed the PVA/GO hydrogel with excellent ionic conductivity (up to 3.38 S m−1). Therefore, the fabricated PVA/GO hydrogel, anticipated for a strain sensor, exhibits good sensitivity (Gauge factor = 2.05 at 100% strain), satisfying working stability (stably cycled for 10 min), and excellent recognition ability. This facile method to prepare conductive hydrogels displays translational potential in flexible electronics for engineering applications.
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106
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Heng W, Solomon S, Gao W. Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107902. [PMID: 34897836 PMCID: PMC9035141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human-machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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107
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Hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks integrated uricase for wearable detection of sweat uric acid. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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108
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Liu G, Li Y, Lu Y, Jia Y, Shan J, Liu Q. Label-Free Sensing of Cysteine through Cadmium Ion Coordination: Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Detection. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200040. [PMID: 35319831 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The detection of biologically important compounds such as cysteine remains a challenge for monitoring body metabolism. This work proposes a transition metal ion coordination-based label-free cysteine sensor with smartphone-based square wave voltammetry sensing system for the point-of-care testing (POCT). In the sensing system, potential excitation and current measurements were accomplished by a miniaturized and integrated circuit board with a smartphone to wirelessly control the system via Bluetooth. The electrochemical currents changed with the cysteine concentrations ranging from 0 μM to 200 μM with a linearity correlation coefficient of 0.9915. The limit of detection was as low as 0.0149 μM for cysteine. The smartphone-based system provides an effective strategy for cysteine detection, and it can also serve as a promising portable sensing platform for the analysis of other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhen Shan
- Department of Medical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Medical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
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109
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Haghayegh F, Salahandish R, Hassani M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Highly Stable Buffer-Based Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosurface Chemistry for Rapid Immunosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10844-10855. [PMID: 35172574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and long-lasting effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has called attention to the significance of technological advances in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study reports the use of a highly stable buffer-based zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (bbZnO/rGO) nanocomposite coated on carbon screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical immuno-biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 nuelocapsid (N-) protein antigens in spiked and clinical samples. The incorporation of a salt-based (ionic) matrix for uniform dispersion of the nanomixture eliminates multistep nanomaterial synthesis on the surface of the electrode and enables a stable single-step sensor nanocoating. The immuno-biosensor provides a limit of detection of 21 fg/mL over a linear range of 1-10 000 pg/mL and exhibits a sensitivity of 32.07 ohms·mL/pg·mm2 for detection of N-protein in spiked samples. The N-protein biosensor is successful in discriminating positive and negative clinical samples within 15 min, demonstrating its proof of concept used as a COVID-19 rapid antigen test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hassani
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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110
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Hodges PW, van den Hoorn W. A vision for the future of wearable sensors in spine care and its challenges: narrative review. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY (HONG KONG) 2022; 8:103-116. [PMID: 35441093 PMCID: PMC8990399 DOI: 10.21037/jss-21-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to: (I) provide a brief overview of some topical areas of current literature regarding applications of wearable sensors in the management of low back pain (LBP); (II) present a vision for a future comprehensive system that integrates wearable sensors to measure multiple parameters in the real world that contributes data to guide treatment selection (aided by artificial intelligence), uses wearables to aid treatment support, adherence and outcome monitoring, and interrogates the response of the individual patient to the prescribed treatment to guide future decision support for other individuals who present with LBP; and (III) consider the challenges that will need to be overcome to make such a system a reality. BACKGROUND Advances in wearable sensor technologies are opening new opportunities for the assessment and management of spinal conditions. Although evidence of improvements in outcomes for individuals with LBP from the use of sensors is limited, there is enormous future potential. METHODS Narrative review and literature synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Substantial research is underway by groups internationally to develop and test elements of this system, to design innovative new sensors that enable recording of new data in new ways, and to fuse data from multiple sources to provide rich information about an individual's experience of LBP. Together this system, incorporating data from wearable sensors has potential to personalise care in ways that were hitherto thought impossible. The potential is high but will require concerted effort to develop and ultimately will need to be feasible and more effective than existing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Hodges
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wolbert van den Hoorn
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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111
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Sim D, Brothers MC, Slocik JM, Islam AE, Maruyama B, Grigsby CC, Naik RR, Kim SS. Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104426. [PMID: 35023321 PMCID: PMC8895156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of "quantitative assessments" on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high-performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Research Associateship Program (RAP)the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and MedicineWashingtonDC20001USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Michael C. Brothers
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Ahmad E. Islam
- Air Force Research LaboratorySensors DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Claude C. Grigsby
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Steve S. Kim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
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112
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Pérez D, Orozco J. Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:127. [PMID: 35233646 PMCID: PMC8886869 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices based on micro-controllers, also referred to as fashion electronics, have raised wearable technology. These devices may process physiological information to facilitate the wearer's immediate biofeedback in close contact with the body surface. Standard market wearable devices detect observable features as gestures or skin conductivity. In contrast, the technology based on electrochemical biosensors requires a biomarker in close contact with both a biorecognition element and an electrode surface, where electron transfer phenomena occur. The noninvasiveness is pivotal for wearable technology; thus, one of the most common target tissues for real-time monitoring is the skin. Noninvasive biosensors formats may not be available for all analytes, such as several proteins and hormones, especially when devices are installed cutaneously to measure in the sweat. Processes like cutaneous transcytosis, the paracellular cell–cell unions, or even reuptake highly regulate the solutes content of the sweat. This review discusses recent advances on wearable devices based on electrochemical biosensors for biomarkers with a complex blood-to-sweat partition like proteins and some hormones, considering the commented release regulation mechanisms to the sweat. It highlights the challenges of wearable epidermal biosensors (WEBs) design and the possible solutions. Finally, it charts the path of future developments in the WEBs arena in converging/emerging digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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Hydrophobic laser-induced graphene potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for nitrate sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:122. [PMID: 35218439 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) suffer from signal-to-noise drift and short lifespans partly due to water uptake and the development of an aqueous layer between the transducer and ion-selective membrane. To address these challenges, we report on a nitrate ISE based on hydrophobic laser-induced graphene (LIG) coated with a poly(vinyl) chloride-based nitrate selective membrane. The hydrophobic LIG was created using a polyimide substrate and a double lasing process under ambient conditions (air at 23.0 ± 1.0 °C) that resulted in a static water contact angle of 135.5 ± 0.7° (mean ± standard deviation) in wettability testing. The LIG-ISE displayed a Nernstian response of - 58.17 ± 4.21 mV dec-1 and a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 6.01 ± 1.44 µM. Constant current chronopotentiometry and a water layer test were used to evaluate the potential (emf) signal stability with similar performance to previously published work with graphene-based ISEs. Using a portable potentiostat, the sensor displayed comparable (p > 0.05) results to a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-accepted analytical method when analyzing water samples collected from two lakes in Ames, IA. The sensors were stored in surface water samples for 5 weeks and displayed nonsignificant difference in performance (LOD and sensitivity). These results, combined with a rapid and low-cost fabrication technique, make the development of hydrophobic LIG-ISEs appealing for a wide range of long-term in situ surface water quality applications.
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114
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Li J, Bo X. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger for fast food security detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127014. [PMID: 34461543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Today's rampant abuse of antibiotics and lean meat powder disturbs environment and threatens public human health. Therefore, fast in-site detection of antibiotics or lean meat powder residue could avoid potential risks. In this work, flexible graphene electrodes (FGE) were easily and facilely patterned and prepared by CO2 laser at room environment, which was coupled with a portable electrochemical analyzer for electronic signal transmission. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger can be used for rapid real-time in-site electrochemical identification of chloramphenicol (CAP), clenbuterol (CLB) and ractopamine (RAC) in meat. The electrochemical response of CAP, CLB and RAC is investigated with the limit of detection of 2.70, 1.29 and 7.81 μM and the linear range of 10-200, 5-80 and 25-250 μM in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.0, correspondingly. The minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 20, 10 and 30 μM, respectively, in actual samples of pork. And the minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 10, 5 and 25 μM in milk, respectively. Such an integrated sensing platform enriches application of sensors on finger in food security and provides information that prevents drug containments from entering food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
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115
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ZHOU J, MEN D, ZHANG XE. Progress in wearable sweat sensors and their applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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116
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Jeerapan I, Moonla C, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. Lab on a body for biomedical electrochemical sensing applications: The next generation of microfluidic devices. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:249-279. [PMID: 35094777 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This chapter highlights applications of microfluidic devices toward on-body biosensors. The emerging application of microfluidics to on-body bioanalysis is a new strategy to establish systems for the continuous, real-time, and on-site determination of informative markers present in biofluids, such as sweat, interstitial fluid, blood, saliva, and tear. Electrochemical sensors are attractive to integrate with such microfluidics due to the possibility to be miniaturized. Moreover, on-body microfluidics coupled with bioelectronics enable smart integration with modern information and communication technology. This chapter discusses requirements and several challenges when developing on-body microfluidics such as difficulties in manipulating small sample volumes while maintaining mechanical flexibility, power-consumption efficiency, and simplicity of total automated systems. We describe key components, e.g., microchannels, microvalves, and electrochemical detectors, used in microfluidics. We also introduce representatives of advanced lab-on-a-body microfluidics combined with electrochemical sensors for biomedical applications. The chapter ends with a discussion of the potential trends of research in this field and opportunities. On-body microfluidics as modern total analysis devices will continue to bring several fascinating opportunities to the field of biomedical and translational research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itthipon Jeerapan
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Chochanon Moonla
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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117
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Zhang H, He R, Niu Y, Han F, Li J, Zhang X, Xu F. Graphene-enabled wearable sensors for healthcare monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113777. [PMID: 34781177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors in healthcare monitoring have recently found widespread applications in biomedical fields for their non- or minimal-invasive, user-friendly and easy-accessible features. Sensing materials is one of the major challenges to achieve these superiorities of wearable sensors for healthcare monitoring, while graphene-based materials with many favorable properties have shown great efficiency in sensing various biochemical and biophysical signals. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art advances in the development and modification of graphene-based materials (i.e., graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) for fabricating advanced wearable sensors with 1D (fibers), 2D (films) and 3D (foams/aerogels/hydrogels) macroscopic structures. We summarize the structural design guidelines, sensing mechanisms, applications and evolution of the graphene-based materials as wearable sensors for healthcare monitoring of biophysical signals (e.g., mechanical, thermal and electrophysiological signals) and biochemical signals from various body fluids and exhaled gases. Finally, existing challenges and future prospects are presented in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rongyan He
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yan Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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118
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Wearable Sensing Systems for Monitoring Mental Health. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030994. [PMID: 35161738 PMCID: PMC8839602 DOI: 10.3390/s22030994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wearable systems for monitoring biological signals have opened the door to personalized healthcare and have advanced a great deal over the past decade with the development of flexible electronics, efficient energy storage, wireless data transmission, and information processing technologies. As there are cumulative understanding of mechanisms underlying the mental processes and increasing desire for lifetime mental wellbeing, various wearable sensors have been devised to monitor the mental status from physiological activities, physical movements, and biochemical profiles in body fluids. This review summarizes the recent progress in wearable healthcare monitoring systems that can be utilized in mental healthcare, especially focusing on the biochemical sensors (i.e., biomarkers associated with mental status, sensing modalities, and device materials) and discussing their promises and challenges.
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119
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Liu J, Ji H, Lv X, Zeng C, Li H, Li F, Qu B, Cui F, Zhou Q. Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-driven medical sensors for health monitoring and diseases diagnosis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:54. [PMID: 35001163 PMCID: PMC8743164 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a class of three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanomaterial. It can be prepared by direct laser writing on some polymer materials in the air. Because of its features of simplicity, fast production, and excellent physicochemical properties, it was widely used in medical sensing devices. This minireview gives an overview of the characteristics of LIG and LIG-driven sensors. Various methods for preparing graphene were compared and discussed. The applications of the LIG in biochemical sensors for ions, small molecules, microRNA, protein, and cell detection were highlighted. LIG-based physical physiological sensors and wearable electronics for medical applications were also included. Finally, our insights into current challenges and prospects for LIG-based medical sensing devices were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijie Ji
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chijia Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Heming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of iPOCT Medicine, Shanghai Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance of iPOCT Medicine, Shanghai Upper Bio Tech Pharma Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201201, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Feiyun Cui
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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120
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Wang B, Zhao C, Wang Z, Yang KA, Cheng X, Liu W, Yu W, Lin S, Zhao Y, Cheung KM, Lin H, Hojaiji H, Weiss PS, Stojanović MN, Tomiyama AJ, Andrews AM, Emaminejad S. Wearable aptamer-field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0967. [PMID: 34985954 PMCID: PMC8730602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technologies for personalized monitoring require sensors that track biomarkers often present at low levels. Cortisol—a key stress biomarker—is present in sweat at low nanomolar concentrations. Previous wearable sensing systems are limited to analytes in the micromolar-millimolar ranges. To overcome this and other limitations, we developed a flexible field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor array that exploits a previously unreported cortisol aptamer coupled to nanometer-thin-film In2O3 FETs. Cortisol levels were determined via molecular recognition by aptamers where binding was transduced to electrical signals on FETs. The physiological relevance of cortisol as a stress biomarker was demonstrated by tracking salivary cortisol levels in participants in a Trier Social Stress Test and establishing correlations between cortisol in diurnal saliva and sweat samples. These correlations motivated the development and on-body validation of an aptamer-FET array–based smartwatch equipped with a custom, multichannel, self-referencing, and autonomous source measurement unit enabling seamless, real-time cortisol sweat sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuanbing Cheng
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haisong Lin
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hannaneh Hojaiji
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milan N. Stojanović
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.M.A.); (S.E.)
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.M.A.); (S.E.)
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Meng F, Aihaiti A, Li X, Zhang W, Qin Y, Zhu N, Zhang M. Functional graphene paper from smart building to sensor application. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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122
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Laochai T, Yukird J, Promphet N, Qin J, Chailapakul O, Rodthongkum N. Non-invasive electrochemical immunosensor for sweat cortisol based on L-cys/AuNPs/ MXene modified thread electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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123
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Dalan R, Bornstein SR, Boehm BO. Cushing's Disease Management: Glimpse Into 2051. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943993. [PMID: 35872988 PMCID: PMC9299426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advancements are expected in medicine and healthcare in the 21st century- "Digital Age", mainly due to the application of data technologies and artificial intelligence into healthcare. In this perspective article we share a short story depicting the future Cushings' Disease patient and the postulated diagnostic and management approaches. In the discussion, we explain the advances in recent times which makes this future state plausible. We postulate that endocrinology care will be completely reinvented in the Digital Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Rinkoo Dalan,
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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124
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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125
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Song L, Chen J, Xu BB, Huang Y. Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18822-18847. [PMID: 34841852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The noble metal nanoparticle has been widely utilized as a plasmonic unit to enhance biosensors, by leveraging its electric and/or optical properties. Integrated with the "flexible" feature, it further enables opportunities in developing healthcare products in a conformal and adaptive fashion, such as wrist pulse tracers, body temperature trackers, blood glucose monitors, etc. In this work, we present a holistic review of the recent advance of flexible plasmonic biosensors for the healthcare sector. The technical spectrum broadly covers the design and selection of a flexible substrate, the process to integrate flexible and plasmonic units, the exploration of different types of flexible plasmonic biosensors to monitor human temperature, blood glucose, ions, gas, and motion indicators, as well as their applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric detections. Their fundamental working principles and structural innovations are scoped and summarized. The challenges and prospects are articulated regarding the critical importance for continued progress of flexible plasmonic biosensors to improve living quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Song
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chines Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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126
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Naik AR, Zhou Y, Dey AA, Arellano DLG, Okoroanyanwu U, Secor EB, Hersam MC, Morse J, Rothstein JP, Carter KR, Watkins JJ. Printed microfluidic sweat sensing platform for cortisol and glucose detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:156-169. [PMID: 34881383 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat biosensors offer compelling opportunities for improved personal health monitoring and non-invasive measurements of key biomarkers. Inexpensive device fabrication methods are necessary for scalable manufacturing of portable, disposable, and flexible sweat sensors. Furthermore, real-time sweat assessment must be analyzed to validate measurement reliability at various sweating rates. Here, we demonstrate a "smart bandage" microfluidic platform for cortisol detection and continuous glucose monitoring integrated with a synthetic skin. The low-cost, laser-cut microfluidic device is composed of an adhesive-based microchannel and solution-processed electrochemical sensors fabricated from inkjet-printed graphene and silver solutions. An antibody-derived cortisol sensor achieved a limit of detection of 10 pM and included a low-voltage electrowetting valve, validating the microfluidic sensor design under typical physiological conditions. To understand effects of perspiration rate on sensor performance, a synthetic skin was developed using soft lithography to mimic human sweat pores and sweating rates. The enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited a range of 0.2 to 1.0 mM, a limit of detection of 10 μM, and reproducible response curves at flow rates of 2.0 μL min-1 and higher when integrated with the synthetic skin, validating its relevance for human health monitoring. These results demonstrate the potential of using printed microfluidic sweat sensors as a low-cost, real-time, multi-diagnostic device for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Naik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Yiliang Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Anita A Dey
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | | | - Uzodinma Okoroanyanwu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morse
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Rothstein
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Scalp hair sweating as a predictor of hair cortisol level in human compared to obesity and other confounders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24160. [PMID: 34921159 PMCID: PMC8683402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent results were found throughout the literature regarding factors affecting hair cortisol levels. Hair cortisol level in humans was not studied for its associations to scalp hair sweating or hair wash frequency in a patient-based way. Factors affecting hair cortisol levels must be precisely known in order to interpret the results correctly. The aims of the study are to assess if BMI, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), hair wash frequency, and sweating with scalp hair affect hair cortisol levels. It will assess which of these factors are more significant predictors of hair cortisol levels. In a study on healthy adults, information about history, socio-demographics, PSS, hair wash frequency, hair treatment, and scalp hair sweating were collected, and hair samples were taken and analyzed for their hair cortisol level. Associations of hair cortisol levels with each of the variables were investigated and significant predictors of hair cortisol levels among the variables were found. Mean hair cortisol level in the study participants was 16.84 pg/mg hair. Hair cortisol has a significant positive association with weight, BMI, PSS, and scalp hair sweating, p < 0.05. Scalp hair sweating significantly predicts hair cortisol levels by 12.3%, while other variables did not significantly predict hair cortisol levels, p < 0.05. Scalp hair sweating significantly predicts hair cortisol levels. Age, hair wash frequency, hair treatment, and stressful events have no associations with hair cortisol levels. Although BMI and PSS are associated with hair cortisol levels, they do not significantly predict it. Obesity is significantly associated with profuse sweating, thus the increase in hair cortisol levels in obese individuals could partly be the result of a higher incidence of sweating in these individuals. Thus, scalp hair sweating should be taken into consideration during the study and interpretation of hair cortisol levels.
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Kiebzak W, Żurawski A, Głuszek S, Kosztołowicz M, Białek WA. Cortisol Levels in Infants with Central Coordination Disorders during Vojta Therapy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121113. [PMID: 34943309 PMCID: PMC8700341 DOI: 10.3390/children8121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the decrease in the percentage of perinatal mortality, which is one of the Millennium Development Goals, the number of children with a central coordination disorder (CCD) has increased, present in up to 40% of premature babies. Neurodevelopmental disorders detected in the diagnostic process require early interventions that will eliminate or overcome existing dysfunctions. These treatments often cause discomfort in the infant, which induces insecurity and activation of basic defense mechanisms. The aim of the work is to assess changes in cortisol concentration in infants treated with the Vojta method. Methods and findings: The study included 35 children with CCD aged between three and nine months. The participants had no comorbidities that could have affected the obtained results. The activities were planned to occur in three stages: 1. Collection of a saliva sample directly before the physiotherapy appointment. 2. Collection of saliva immediately after rehabilitation. 3. Collection of saliva 20 min after the end of rehabilitation. The physiotherapeutic intervention included the assessment of seven reactions of the body position in space according to Vojta and the conduct of a therapeutic session consisting of the first phase of rotation and creeping reflex according to Vojta. The concentration of free cortisol in saliva was assessed with LC-MS/MS. In the first measurement, none of the children presented an excess of the normative concentration of cortisol. The cortisol measurement performed directly after rehabilitation showed above-normative values in three children. In the third measurement, all of the children presented a decreased concentration of free cortisol. The analysis (paired two-tailed t-test, p < 0.05) showed statistically significant differences between particular stages of the measurements. The analysis of the scores obtained in the second measurement showed the concentration of scores in the area of “normal” at a level of 0.83 (normal concentration) and the area “above normal” at the level of 0.005 (very weak concentration). Based on the analysis of significance of the obtained scores, it was found that the result was not accidental, and the Vojta method used in the treatment of children with CCD was suitable. Conclusions: Here, for the first time, we presented how Vojta therapy was correlated with cortisol levels among children with a central coordination disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kiebzak
- Institute of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Żurawski
- Institute of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-787-339222
| | - Stanisław Głuszek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Surgical Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (S.G.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Michał Kosztołowicz
- Sandomierskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 27-600 Sandomierz, Poland;
- Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 25-303 Kielce, Poland
| | - Wioletta Adamus Białek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Surgical Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (S.G.); (W.A.B.)
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Mohd Asri MA, Nordin AN, Ramli N. Low-cost and cleanroom-free prototyping of microfluidic and electrochemical biosensors: Techniques in fabrication and bioconjugation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061502. [PMID: 34777677 PMCID: PMC8577868 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrated microfluidic biosensors enable powerful microscale analyses in biology, physics, and chemistry. However, conventional methods for fabrication of biosensors are dependent on cleanroom-based approaches requiring facilities that are expensive and are limited in access. This is especially prohibitive toward researchers in low- and middle-income countries. In this topical review, we introduce a selection of state-of-the-art, low-cost prototyping approaches of microfluidics devices and miniature sensor electronics for the fabrication of sensor devices, with focus on electrochemical biosensors. Approaches explored include xurography, cleanroom-free soft lithography, paper analytical devices, screen-printing, inkjet printing, and direct ink writing. Also reviewed are selected surface modification strategies for bio-conjugates, as well as examples of applications of low-cost microfabrication in biosensors. We also highlight several factors for consideration when selecting microfabrication methods appropriate for a project. Finally, we share our outlook on the impact of these low-cost prototyping strategies on research and development. Our goal for this review is to provide a starting point for researchers seeking to explore microfluidics and biosensors with lower entry barriers and smaller starting investment, especially ones from low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Nabilah Ramli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
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131
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Pradhan A, Lahare P, Sinha P, Singh N, Gupta B, Kuca K, Ghosh KK, Krejcar O. Biosensors as Nano-Analytical Tools for COVID-19 Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7823. [PMID: 34883826 PMCID: PMC8659776 DOI: 10.3390/s21237823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective, sensitive and affordable techniques to detect disease and underlying health issues have been developed recently. Biosensors as nanoanalytical tools have taken a front seat in this context. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided in disease and pandemic management at a very early stage efficiently. This report reflects the state-of-the-art of nanobiosensor-based virus detection technology in terms of their detection methods, targets, limits of detection, range, sensitivity, assay time, etc. The article effectively summarizes the challenges with traditional technologies and newly emerging biosensors, including the nanotechnology-based detection kit for COVID-19; optically enhanced technology; and electrochemical, smart and wearable enabled nanobiosensors. The less explored but crucial piezoelectric nanobiosensor and the reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based biosensor are also discussed here. The article could be of significance to researchers and doctors dedicated to developing potent, versatile biosensors for the rapid identification of COVID-19. This kind of report is needed for selecting suitable treatments and to avert epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pradhan
- Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (A.P.); (P.L.); (P.S.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Preeti Lahare
- Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (A.P.); (P.L.); (P.S.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Priyank Sinha
- Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (A.P.); (P.L.); (P.S.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Namrata Singh
- Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, DY Patil University, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bhanushree Gupta
- Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (A.P.); (P.L.); (P.S.); (K.K.G.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kallol K. Ghosh
- Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (A.P.); (P.L.); (P.S.); (K.K.G.)
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
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133
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High-Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensor-Based 3D CNTs Sponge for Human-Computer Interaction. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203465. [PMID: 34685224 PMCID: PMC8537727 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers are showing an increasing interest in high-performance flexible pressure sensors owing to their potential uses in wearable electronics, bionic skin, and human–machine interactions, etc. However, the vast majority of these flexible pressure sensors require extensive nano-architectural design, which both complicates their manufacturing and is time-consuming. Thus, a low-cost technology which can be applied on a large scale is highly desirable for the manufacture of flexible pressure-sensitive materials that have a high sensitivity over a wide range of pressures. This work is based on the use of a three-dimensional elastic porous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sponge as the conductive layer to fabricate a novel flexible piezoresistive sensor. The synthesis of a CNTs sponge was achieved by chemical vapor deposition, the basic underlying principle governing the sensing behavior of the CNTs sponge-based pressure sensor and was illustrated by employing in situ scanning electron microscopy. The CNTs sponge-based sensor has a quick response time of ~105 ms, a high sensitivity extending across a broad pressure range (less than 10 kPa for 809 kPa−1) and possesses an outstanding permanence over 4000 cycles. Furthermore, a 16-pixel wireless sensor system was designed and a series of applications have been demonstrated. Its potential applications in the visualizing pressure distribution and an example of human–machine communication were also demonstrated.
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134
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Pali M, Jagannath B, Lin KC, Upasham S, Sankhalab D, Upashama S, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. CATCH (Cortisol Apta WATCH): ‘Bio-mimic alarm’ to track Anxiety, Stress, Immunity in human sweat. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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135
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Tu J, Gao W. Ethical Considerations of Wearable Technologies in Human Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100127. [PMID: 33870653 PMCID: PMC8429072 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof-of-concept prototypes requires extensive in-human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in-human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early-stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
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136
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Lyu Q, Gong S, Yin J, Dyson JM, Cheng W. Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100577. [PMID: 34019737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital-centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state-of-art wearable devices into next-generation patient-centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state-of-the-art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self-powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback-controlled wearable closed-loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxia Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME) Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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137
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Ghaffari R, Yang DS, Kim J, Mansour A, Wright JA, Model JB, Wright DE, Rogers JA, Ray TR. State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2787-2801. [PMID: 34351759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Amer Mansour
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Wright
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donald E. Wright
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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138
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Johnson ZT, Williams K, Chen B, Sheets R, Jared N, Li J, Smith EA, Claussen JC. Electrochemical Sensing of Neonicotinoids Using Laser-Induced Graphene. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3063-3071. [PMID: 34370948 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the fastest-growing insecticide accounting for over 25% of the global pesticide market and are capable of controlling a range of pests that damage croplands, home yards/gardens, and golf course greens. However, widespread use has led to nontarget organism decline in pollinators, insects, and birds, while chronic, sublethal effects on humans are still largely unknown. Therefore, there is a need to understand how prevalent neonicotinoids are in the environment as there are currently no commercially available field-deployable sensors capable of measuring neonicotinoid concentrations in surface waters. Herein, we report the first example of a laser-induced graphene (LIG) platform that utilizes electrochemical sensing for neonicotinoid detection. These graphene-based sensors are created through a scalable direct-write laser fabrication process that converts polyimide into LIG, which eliminates the need for chemical synthesis of graphene, ink formulation, masks, stencils, pattern rolls, and postprint annealing commonly associated with other printed graphene sensors. The LIG electrodes were capable of monitoring four major neonicotinoids (CLO, IMD, TMX, and DNT) with low detection limits (CLO, 823 nM; IMD, 384 nM; TMX, 338 nM; and DNT, 682 nM) and a rapid response time (∼10 s) using square-wave voltammetry without chemical/biological functionalization. Interference testing exhibited negligible responses from widely used pesticides including the broad-leaf insecticides parathion, paraoxon, and fipronil, as well as systemic herbicides glyphosate (roundup), atrazine, dicamba, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These scalable, graphene-based sensors have the potential for wide-scale mapping of neonicotinoids in watersheds and potential use in numerous electrochemical sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Kelli Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Robert Sheets
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Nathan Jared
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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139
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Automation School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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140
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Xu J, Fang Y, Chen J. Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:245. [PMID: 34436047 PMCID: PMC8391966 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in microfluidics, microelectronics, and electrochemical sensing methods have steered the way for the development of novel and potential wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Wearable bioelectronics has received tremendous attention worldwide due to its great a potential for predictive medical modeling and allowing for personalized point-of-care-testing (POCT). They possess many appealing characteristics, for example, lightweight, flexibility, good stretchability, conformability, and low cost. These characteristics make wearable bioelectronics a promising platform for personalized devices. In this paper, we review recent progress in flexible and wearable sensors for non-invasive biomonitoring using sweat as the bio-fluid. Real-time and molecular-level monitoring of personal health states can be achieved with sweat-based or perspiration-based wearable biosensors. The suitability of sweat and its potential in healthcare monitoring, sweat extraction, and the challenges encountered in sweat-based analysis are summarized. The paper also discusses challenges that still hinder the full-fledged development of sweat-based wearables and presents the areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Yunsheng Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Abstract
Human health is regulated by complex interactions among the genome, the microbiome, and the environment. While extensive research has been conducted on the human genome and microbiome, little is known about the human exposome. The exposome comprises the totality of chemical, biological, and physical exposures that individuals encounter over their lifetimes. Traditional environmental and biological monitoring only targets specific substances, whereas exposomic approaches identify and quantify thousands of substances simultaneously using nontargeted high-throughput and high-resolution analyses. The quantified self (QS) aims at enhancing our understanding of human health and disease through self-tracking. QS measurements are critical in exposome research, as external exposures impact an individual's health, behavior, and biology. This review discusses both the achievements and the shortcomings of current research and methodologies on the QS and the exposome and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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142
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Jo S, Sung D, Kim S, Koo J. A review of wearable biosensors for sweat analysis. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:117-129. [PMID: 34150348 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the skin-interfaced wearable sweat sensors allow a personalized daily diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases in a form of a non-invasive, portable, and continuous monitoring system. Especially, the soft microfluidic system provides robust quantitative analysis platforms that integrate sweat sampling, storing, and various sensing capabilities. This review systematically introduces the sweat collecting mechanism using soft microfluidic valves, including calculation of sweat storage and loss. In terms of sweat analysis, colorimetric (e.g. enzymatic, chemical, or their mixed reactions), electrochemical (e.g. voltammetric, potentiometric, amperometric, or conductometric), and multiplex measurements of sweat contents facilitate diagnosis of diseases via analysis of combined multiple data, such as vital signals (e.g. ECG, EMG, EEG, etc.) and information from the skin (e.g. temperature, GSR, etc.). The integration of wireless communication with the microfluidic systems enables point-of-care health monitoring for disease and specific physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongbin Jo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jahyun Koo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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143
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Man Ngo F, Tse ECM. Bioinorganic Platforms for Sensing, Biomimicry, and Energy Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Man Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
| | - Edmund C. M. Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
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144
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Mugo SM, Lu W, Wood M, Lemieux S. Wearable microneedle dual electrochemical sensor for simultaneous pH and cortisol detection in sweat. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Mugo
- Physical Sciences Department MacEwan University Edmonton Canada
| | - Weihao Lu
- Physical Sciences Department MacEwan University Edmonton Canada
| | - Marika Wood
- Physical Sciences Department MacEwan University Edmonton Canada
| | - Stephane Lemieux
- Department of Decision Sciences MacEwan University Edmonton Canada
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145
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Wolkowicz KL, Aiello EM, Vargas E, Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Wang J, Pinsker JE, Doyle FJ, Patti M, Laffel LM, Dassau E. A review of biomarkers in the context of type 1 diabetes: Biological sensing for enhanced glucose control. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10201. [PMID: 34027090 PMCID: PMC8126822 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As wearable healthcare monitoring systems advance, there is immense potential for biological sensing to enhance the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this work is to describe the ongoing development of biomarker analytes in the context of T1D. Technological advances in transdermal biosensing offer remarkable opportunities to move from research laboratories to clinical point-of-care applications. In this review, a range of analytes, including glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, lactate, epinephrine, and alcohol, as well as ketones such as beta-hydroxybutyrate, will be evaluated to determine the current status and research direction of those analytes specifically relevant to T1D management, using both in-vitro and on-body detection. Understanding state-of-the-art developments in biosensing technologies will aid in bridging the gap from bench-to-clinic T1D analyte measurement advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelilah L. Wolkowicz
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Sansum Diabetes Research InstituteSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eleonora M. Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Sansum Diabetes Research InstituteSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eva Vargas
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Francis J. Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Sansum Diabetes Research InstituteSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Lori M. Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Sansum Diabetes Research InstituteSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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146
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Tang W, Yin L, Sempionatto JR, Moon JM, Teymourian H, Wang J. Touch-Based Stressless Cortisol Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008465. [PMID: 33786887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tracking fluctuations of the cortisol level is important in understanding the body's endocrine response to stress stimuli. Traditional cortisol sensing relies on centralized laboratory settings, while wearable cortisol sensors are limited to slow and complex assays. Here, a touch-based non-invasive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for rapid, simple, and reliable stress-free detection of sweat cortisol is described. The sensor readily measures fingertip sweat cortisol via highly selective binding to the cortisol-imprinted electropolymerized polypyrrole coating. The MIP network is embedded with Prussian blue redox probes that offer direct electrical signaling of the binding event to realize sensitive label-free amperometric detection. Using a highly permeable sweat-wicking porous hydrogel, instantaneously secreted fingertip sweat can be conveniently and rapidly collected without any assistance. By eliminating time lags, such rapid (3.5 min) fingertip assay enables the capture of sharp variations in cortisol levels, compared to previous methods. Such advantages are demonstrated by tracking cortisol response in short cold-pressor tests and throughout day-long circadian rhythm, along with gold-standard immunoassay validation. A stretchable epidermal MIP sensor is also described for directly tracking cortisol in exercise-induced sweat. The rapid touch-based cortisol sensor offers an attractive, accessible, stressless avenue for quantitative stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Juliane R Sempionatto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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147
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Yokus BMA, Daniele MA. Integrated non-invasive biochemical and biophysical sensing systems for health and performance monitoring: A systems perspective. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 184:113249. [PMID: 33895689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in materials, bio-recognition elements, transducers, and microfabrication techniques, as well as progress in electronics, signal processing, and wireless communication have generated a new class of skin-interfaced wearable health monitoring systems for applications in personalized medicine and digital health. In comparison to conventional medical devices, these wearable systems are at the cusp of initiating a new era of longitudinal and noninvasive sensing for the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases at the molecular level. Herein, we provide a review of recent developments in wearable biochemical and biophysical systems. We survey the sweat sampling and collection methods for biochemical systems, followed by an assessment of biochemical and biophysical sensors deployed in current wearable systems with an emphasis on their hardware specifications. Specifically, we address how sweat collection and sample handling platforms may be a rate limiting technology to realizing the clinical translation of wearable health monitoring systems; moreover, we highlight the importance of achieving both longitudinal sensing and assessment of intrapersonal variation in sweat-blood correlations to have the greatest clinical impact. Lastly, we assess a snapshot of integrated wireless wearable systems with multimodal sensing capabilities, and we conclude with our perspective on the state-of-the-art and the required developments to achieve the next-generation of integrated wearable health and performance monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Murat A Yokus
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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148
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Modha S, Castro C, Tsutsui H. Recent developments in flow modeling and fluid control for paper-based microfluidic biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113026. [PMID: 33545552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, researchers have shown that paper is a promising substrate for affordable biosensors. The field of paper-microfluidics has evolved rapidly in that time, with simple colorimetric assays giving way to more complex electrochemical devices that can handle multiple samples at a given time. As paper devices become more complex, the ability to precisely control different fluids simultaneously becomes a challenge. Specifically, automated flow control is a necessary attribute to make paper-based devices more useable in resource-limited settings. Flow control strategies on paper are typically developed experimentally through trial-and-error, with little focus on theory. This is because flow behavior in paper is not well understood and sometimes difficult to predict precisely. Additionally, popular theoretical models are too simplistic, making them unsuitable for complex device designs and application conditions. A better understanding of flow theory would allow devices conceived straight from theoretical models. This could save time and resources by reducing experimental work. In this review, we provide an overview of different theoretical models used to characterize imbibition in paper substrates and document the latest flow control strategies that have been applied to automated fluid control on paper. Additionally, we look at current efforts to commercialize paper-based devices along with challenges facing this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Modha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Carlos Castro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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149
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Yang Y, Yue S, Qiao Y, Zhang P, Jiang N, Ning Z, Liu C, Hou Y. Activable Multi-Modal Nanoprobes for Imaging Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors. Front Chem 2021; 8:572471. [PMID: 33912535 PMCID: PMC8075363 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors have become one of the major causes of human death, but there remains a lack of effective methods for tiny tumor diagnosis, metastasis warning, clinical efficacy prediction, and effective treatment. In this context, localizing tiny tumors via imaging and non-invasively extracting molecular information related to tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance from the tumor microenvironment have become the most fundamental tasks faced by cancer researchers. Tumor-associated microenvironmental physiological parameters, such as hypoxia, acidic extracellular pH, protease, reducing conditions, and so forth, have much to do with prognostic indicators for cancer progression, and impact therapeutic administrations. By combining with various novel nanoparticle-based activatable probes, molecular imaging technologies can provide a feasible approach to visualize tumor-associated microenvironment parameters noninvasively and realize accurate treatment of tumors. This review focuses on the recent achievements in the design of “smart” nanomedicine responding to the tumor microenvironment-related features and highlights state-of- the-art technology in tumor imaging diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peisen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbo Ning
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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150
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Ghaffari R, Rogers JA, Ray TR. Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities for wearable biochemical sensors for sweat analysis. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 332:129447. [PMID: 33542590 PMCID: PMC7853653 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is a promising, yet relatively unexplored biofluid containing biochemical information that offers broad insights into the underlying dynamic metabolic activity of the human body. The rich composition of electrolytes, metabolites, hormones, proteins, nucleic acids, micronutrients, and exogenous agents found in sweat dynamically vary in response to the state of health, stress, and diet. Emerging classes of skin-interfaced wearable sensors offer powerful capabilities for the real-time, continuous analysis of sweat produced by the eccrine glands in a manner suitable for use in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare industries. This perspective examines the rapid and continuous progress of wearable sweat sensors through the most advanced embodiments that address the fundamental challenges currently restricting widespread deployment. It concludes with a discussion of efforts to expand the overall utility of wearable sweat sensors and opportunities for commercialization, in which advances in biochemical sensor technologies will be critically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- -Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- -Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- -Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- -Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- -Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- -Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- -Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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