101
|
Suo J, Ma Z, Zhao B, Ma S, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Yang B, Yu W, Wu J, Song L. Metabolomics reveal changes in flavor quality and bioactive components in post-ripening Torreya grandis nuts and the underlying mechanism. Food Chem 2023; 406:134987. [PMID: 36446278 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are a group of small molecules with critical roles in plants fitness in addition to their potential bioactivities in humans. Most of these compounds are associated with the flavor and quality formation of fruits or nuts during the development or the postharvest stages. Change in metabolic profiles and shifts underpinning the post-ripening process in T. grandis nuts are not yet reported. In this study, a large scale untargeted metabolomics approach was employed in T. grandis nuts, revealing for a total of 140 differential accumulated metabolites. Among them, nearly 60% of metabolites belonging to terpenoids, coumarins and phenolic acids, and phytohormones were showed a gradual accumulation pattern, while most of compounds in flavonoids were decreased during post-ripening. An in-depth analysis of changes in these metabolite classes suggest a framework for post-ripening process effect associated with the postharvest quality of T. grandis nuts for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhenmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Weiwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Xiong XX, Liu Y, Zhang LL, Li XJ, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Yang QH, Yang Y, Min DH, Zhang XH. G-Protein β-Subunit Gene TaGB1-B Enhances Drought and Salt Resistance in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087337. [PMID: 37108500 PMCID: PMC10138664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hexaploid wheat genome, there are three Gα genes, three Gβ and twelve Gγ genes, but the function of Gβ in wheat has not been explored. In this study, we obtained the overexpression of TaGB1 Arabidopsis plants through inflorescence infection, and the overexpression of wheat lines was obtained by gene bombardment. The results showed that under drought and NaCl treatment, the survival rate of Arabidopsis seedlings' overexpression of TaGB1-B was higher than that of the wild type, while the survival rate of the related mutant agb1-2 was lower than that of the wild type. The survival rate of wheat seedlings with TaGB1-B overexpression was higher than that of the control. In addition, under drought and salt stress, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline (Pro) in the wheat overexpression of TaGB1-B were higher than that of the control, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than that of the control. This indicates that TaGB1-B could improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of Arabidopsis and wheat by scavenging active oxygen. Overall, this work provides a theoretical basis for wheat G-protein β-subunits in a further study, and new genetic resources for the cultivation of drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Li Y, Chen F, Yang Y, Han Y, Ren Z, Li X, Soppe WJJ, Cao H, Liu Y. The Arabidopsis pre-mRNA 3' end processing related protein FIP1 promotes seed dormancy via the DOG1 and ABA pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37035898 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important adaptive trait to prevent germination occurring at an inappropriate time. The mechanisms governing seed dormancy and germination are complex. Here, we report that FACTOR INTERACTING WITH POLY(A) POLYMERASE 1 (FIP1), a component of the pre-mRNA 3' end processing machinery, is involved in seed dormancy and germination processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FIP1 is mainly expressed in seeds and the knockout of FIP1 causes reduced seed dormancy, indicating that FIP1 positively influences seed dormancy. Meanwhile, fip1 mutants are insensitive to exogenous ABA during seed germination and early seedling establishment. The terms 'seed maturation' and 'response to ABA stimulus' are significantly enriched in a gene ontology analysis based on genes differentially expressed between fip1-1 and the wild type. Several of these genes, including ABI5, DOG1 and PYL12, show significantly decreased transcript levels in fip1. Genetic analysis showed that either cyp707a2 or dog1-5 partially, but in combination completely, represses the reduced seed dormancy of fip1, indicating that the double mutant cyp707a2 dog1-5 is epistatic to fip1. Moreover, FIP1 is required for CFIM59, another component of pre-mRNA 3' end processing machinery, to govern seed dormancy and germination. Overall, we identified FIP1 as a regulator of seed dormancy and germination that plays a crucial role in governing these processes through the DOG1 and ABA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Ziyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wim J J Soppe
- Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., De Lier, 2678 ZG, the Netherlands
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Fan X, Zou X, Fu L, Yang Y, Li M, Wang C, Sun H. The RING-H2 gene LdXERICO plays a negative role in dormancy release regulated by low temperature in Lilium davidii var. unicolor. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad030. [PMID: 37799625 PMCID: PMC10548414 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy regulation is the basis of the sustainable development of the lily industry. Therefore, basic research on lily dormancy is crucial for innovation in lily cultivation and breeding. Previous studies revealed that dormancy release largely depends on abscisic acid (ABA) degradation. However, the key genes and potential regulatory network remain unclear. We used exogenous ABA and ABA inhibitors to elucidate the effect of ABA on lily dormancy. Based on the results of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), the hub gene LdXERICO was identified in modules highly related to endogenous ABA, and a large number of coexpressed genes were identified. LdXERICO was induced by exogenous ABA and expressed at higher levels in tissues with vigorous physiological activity. Silencing LdXERICO increased the low-temperature sensitivity of bulblets and accelerated bulblet sprouting. LdXERICO rescued the ABA insensitivity of xerico mutants during seed germination in Arabidopsis, suggesting that it promotes seed dormancy and supporting overexpression studies on lily bulblets. The significant increase in ABA levels in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing LdXERICO indicated that LdXERICO played a role by promoting ABA synthesis. We generated three transgenic lines by overexpressing LdICE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and showed that, in contrast to LdXERICO, LdICE1 positively regulated dormancy release. Finally, qRT-PCR confirmed that LdXERICO was epistatic to LdICE1 for dormancy release. We propose that LdXERICO, an essential gene in dormancy regulation through the ABA-related pathway, has a complex regulatory network involving temperature signals. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of bulb dormancy release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoman Zou
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Linlan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Chen Y, Xiang Z, Liu M, Wang S, Zhang L, Cai D, Huang Y, Mao D, Fu J, Chen L. ABA biosynthesis gene OsNCED3 contributes to preharvest sprouting resistance and grain development in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1384-1401. [PMID: 36319615 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an unfavorable trait in cereal crops and causes serious yield loss. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PHS remains largely elusive. Here, we identified a member of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase family, OsNCED3, which regulates PHS and grain development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsNCED3 encodes a chloroplast-localized abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic enzyme highly expressed in the embryo of developing seeds. Disruption of OsNCED3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis led to a lower ABA and higher gibberellic acid (GA) levels (thus a skewed ABA/GA ratio) in the embryo, promoting embryos growth and breaking seed dormancy before seed maturity and harvest, thus decreased seed dormancy and enhanced PHS in rice. However, the overexpression of OsNCED3 enhanced PHS resistance by regulating proper ABA/GA ratio in the embryo. Intriguingly, the overexpression of OsNCED3 resulted in increased grain size and weight, whereas the disruption of OsNCED3 function decreased grain size and weight. Nucleotide diversity analyses suggested that OsNCED3 may be selected during japonica populations adaptation of seed dormancy and germination. Taken together, we have identified a new OsNCED regulator involved rice PHS and grain development, and provide a potential target gene for improving PHS resistance and grain development in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipan Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Liangbi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Deng G, Sun H, Hu Y, Yang Y, Li P, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Neill SJ, Hu X. A transcription factor WRKY36 interacts with AFP2 to break primary seed dormancy by progressively silencing DOG1 in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:688-704. [PMID: 36653950 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) antagonistically control the shift between seed dormancy and its alleviation. DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a critical regulator that determines the intensity of primary seed dormancy, but its underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we combined physiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to reveal that a bHLH transcriptional factor WRKY36 progressively silenced DOG1 expression to break seed dormancy through ABI5-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (AFP2) as the negative regulator of ABA signal. AFP2 interacted with WRKY36, which recognizes the W-BOX in the DOG1 promoter to suppress its expression; Overexpressing WRKY36 broke primary seed dormancy, whereas wrky36 mutants showed strong primary seed dormancy. In addition, AFP2 recruited the transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEIN2 (TPR2) to reduce histone acetylation at the DOG1 locus, ultimately mediating WRKY36-dependent inhibition of DOG1 expression to break primary seed dormancy. Our result proposes that the WRKY36-AFP2-TPR2 module progressively silences DOG1 expression epigenetically, thereby fine-tuning primary seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Steven J Neill
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Chen S, Li K, Tan B, Wei Y, Li H. Identification of Pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYL) genes in Brachypodium distachyon and functional characterization of BdPYL5. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 283:153949. [PMID: 36842335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an endogenous phytohormone that plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. Pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYR/PYL) proteins are ABA receptors and core components of ABA signalling in plants. This study identified nine PYL genes in the Brachypodium distachyon genome and they distribute on three chromosomes. Phylogenetical BdPYLs were classified into three clades. 81 protein-protein interactions between 9 BdPYLs and 9 BdPP2C proteins were predicted and 66 pairs were verified by yeast two-hybrid assay previously. Relatively, BdPYL genes are expressed in leaves at high level, and ABA and drought regulate their expression. A homologue of Arabidopsis PYL9, BdPYL5 was selected to overexpress in Arabidopsis to characterize its function. In general, overexpression of BdPYL5 enhanced ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance, implying its conserved function. Our study lays the foundation for further functional elucidation of BdPYL genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China.
| | - Kunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China.
| | - Bin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China.
| | - Yaning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China.
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Chen D, Zou W, Zhang M, Liu J, Chen L, Peng T, Ye G. Genome-Wide Association Study for Seed Dormancy Using Re-Sequenced Germplasm under Multiple Conditions in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076117. [PMID: 37047087 PMCID: PMC10094323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a key factor used to determine seed germination in rice production. So far, only a few genes controlling seed dormancy have been reported, and the genetic mechanism of rice seed dormancy is still elusive. In this study, a population of 195 diverse re-sequenced accessions from 40 countries was evaluated for the seed germination rate (GR) without dormancy breaking (WDB) as a control and under dry heating (DH) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments, as dormancy breaking agents to identify QTLs for seed dormancy. Phenotypic assessment revealed that these accessions had abundant variations in seed dormancy. GWAS using 1,120,223 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a mixed linear model (MLM) incorporating both principal components (PCs) and kinship (K) identified 30 QTLs on 10 chromosomes, accounting for 7.3-20.4% of the phenotypic variance in GR. Ten of the QTLs were located in the regions of previously reported QTLs, while the rest were novel ones. Thirteen high-confidence candidate genes were predicted for the four QTLs detected in two or three conditions (qGR4-4, qGR4-5, qGR8 and qGR11-4) and one QTL with a large effect (qGR3). These genes were highly expressed during seed development and were significantly regulated by various hormone treatments. This study provides new insights into the genetic and molecular basis of rice seed dormancy/germination. The accessions with moderate and strong dormancy and markers for the QTLs and candidate genes are useful for attaining a proper level of seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mingpei Zhang
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila 1301, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Guo N, Tang S, Wang J, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Shao G, Jiao G, Sheng Z, Hu P. Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed That Hormone and Reactive Oxygen Species Synergetically Regulate Dormancy of Introgression Line in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076088. [PMID: 37047061 PMCID: PMC10094489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dormancy is a complex agronomy phenotype controlled by multiple signaling and a key trait repressing pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). However, the signaling network of dormancy remains unclear. In this study, we used Zhonghua11 (ZH11) with a weak dormancy, and Introgression line (IL) with a strong dormancy to study the mechanism of hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) crosstalk regulating rice dormancy. The germination experiment showed that the germination rate of ZH11 was 76.86%, while that of IL was only 1.25%. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1658 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IL and ZH11, of which 577 were up-regulated and 1081 were down-regulated. Additionally, DEGs were mainly enriched in oxidoreductase activity, cell periphery, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis showed 275 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between IL and ZH11, of which 176 proteins were up-regulated, 99 were down-regulated, and the DEPs were mainly enriched in the metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that their correlation was very low, and only 56 genes were co-expressed. Hormone content detection showed that IL had significantly lower abscisic acid (ABA) contents than the ZH11 while having significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) contents than the ZH11. ROS content measurement showed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of IL was significantly lower than the ZH11, while the production rate of superoxide anion (O2.-) was significantly higher than the ZH11. These results indicate that hormones and ROS crosstalk to regulate rice dormancy. In particular, this study has deepened our mechanism of ROS and JA crosstalk regulating rice dormancy and is conducive to our precise inhibition of PHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shengjia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice improvement Centre, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Marček T, Hamow KÁ, Janda T, Darko E. Effects of High Voltage Electrical Discharge (HVED) on Endogenous Hormone and Polyphenol Profile in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1235. [PMID: 36986924 PMCID: PMC10054893 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) is an eco-friendly low-cost method based on the creation of plasma-activated water (PAW) through the release of electrical discharge in water which results in the formation of reactive particles. Recent studies have reported that such novel plasma technologies promote germination and growth but their hormonal and metabolic background is still not known. In the present work, the HVED-induced hormonal and metabolic changes were studied during the germination of wheat seedlings. Hormonal changes including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acids (GAs), indol acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and the polyphenol responses were detected in the early (2nd day) and late (5th day) germination phases of wheat as well as their redistribution in shoot and root. HVED treatment significantly stimulated germination and growth both in the shoot and root. The root early response to HVED involved the upregulation of ABA and increased phaseic and ferulic acid content, while the active form of gibberellic acid (GA1) was downregulated. In the later phase (5th day of germination), HVED had a stimulatory effect on the production of benzoic and salicylic acid. The shoot showed a different response: HVED induced the synthesis of JA_Le_Ile, an active form of JA, and provoked the biosynthesis of cinnamic, p-coumaric and caffeic acid in both phases of germination. Surprisingly, in 2-day-old shoots, HVED decreased the GA20 levels, being intermediate in the synthesis of bioactive gibberellins. These HVED-provoked metabolic changes indicated a stress-related response that could contribute to germination in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Marček
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eva Darko
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Chen Y, Song S, Hu P. Temperature-dependent regulation of seed dormancy. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:500-502. [PMID: 36514284 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Pan C, Yao L, Yu L, Qiao Z, Tang M, Wei F, Huang X, Zhou Y. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal the potential mechanism of seed dormancy release in Amomum tsaoko during warm stratification. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:99. [PMID: 36864423 PMCID: PMC9983222 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Amomum tsaoko breeding, the low germination rate is the major limitation for their large-scale reproduction. We found that warm stratification was an effective treatment to break the seed dormancy of A. tsaoko prior to sowing and could be an important component of improving breeding programs. The mechanism of seed dormancy release during warm stratification remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the differences between transcripts and proteomes at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of warm stratification, to identify some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause seed dormancy release in A. tsaoko and reveal their regulatory mechanism. RESULTS RNA-seq was performed for the seed dormancy release process, and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 3196 in three dormancy release periods. Using TMT-labelling quantitative proteome analysis, a total of 1414 proteins were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in signal transduction pathways (MAPK signaling, hormone) and metabolism processes (cell wall, storage and energy reserves), suggesting that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are somehow involved in response to seed dormancy release process, including MAPK, PYR/PYL, PP2C, GID1, GH3, ARF, AUX/IAA, TPS, SPS, and SS. In addition, transcription factors ARF, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, SBP, and WRKY showed differential expression during the warm stratification stage, which may relate to dormancy release. Noteworthy, XTH, EXP, HSP and ASPG proteins may be involved in a complex network to regulate cell division and differentiation, chilling response and the seed germination status in A. tsaoko seed during warm stratification. CONCLUSION Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes and proteins that warrant further study in fully grasping the precise molecular mechanisms that control the seed dormancy and germination of A. tsaoko. A hypothetical model of the genetic regulatory network provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the physiological dormancy in A. tsaoko in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Lixiang Yao
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Liying Yu
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhu Qiao
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Meiqiong Tang
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
AL-Temimi AA, Al-Hilifi SA, AL-Mossawi AEB. An investigation on glutathione derived from spinach and red cabbage leaves and their effects of adding to meat patties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103632. [PMID: 37123535 PMCID: PMC10140161 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants that produce leaves have been cultivated by humans for thousands of years because of the benefits they provide in terms of food and other necessities. Because of their high nutritional value and key phyto-components like glutathione, Leaf producing vegetables (LPVs) are being studied for their potential uses and health benefits. As a result, the focus of this study was using efficient methods for isolating and identifying glutathione from spinach and red cabbage. Glutathione was extracted using three extraction solvents: water (100%), ethanol (100%), and a combination of ethanol and water (30% and 70%, respectively) by volume (v/v), while separation was accomplished using ultrafiltration equipment. In our investigation, the best extraction solvent was a mixture of ethanol and water at a ratio of 30:70% (v/v), which extracted 951 µg/g glutathione. The antioxidant activity of plant leaf extract was measured using DPPH, with butylated hydroxytoluene serving as a comparative standard. Identification and characterization of glutathione from plant leaf extracts were revealed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry studies, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the physical and chemical properties (pH, water holding capacity, extracted liquid volume, peroxide value, free fatty acids, and thiobarbituric acid) of meat patties prepared with three different concentrations of determined glutathione were tested for susceptibility to preservation during 10 days of refrigeration at 4 ± 1 °C. The findings of the current study provide vast prospects for subsequent research to researchers and scientists that the glutathione obtained from leaf extract has no toxicity that might be applied to developed functional foods and other food formulations. Because foods containing plant-derived glutathione improve health, biological function, and food spoilage. It may be utilized as high-quality antioxidants that are safe and non-toxic. Furthermore, glutathione preserves food quality and prevents oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sawsan A. Al-Hilifi
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Yang Y, Abuauf H, Song S, Wang JY, Alagoz Y, Moreno JC, Mi J, Ablazov A, Jamil M, Ali S, Zheng X, Balakrishna A, Blilou I, Al-Babili S. The Arabidopsis D27-LIKE1 is a cis/cis/trans-β-carotene isomerase that contributes to Strigolactone biosynthesis and negatively impacts ABA level. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:986-1003. [PMID: 36602437 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme DWARF27 (D27) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of all-trans- into 9-cis-β-carotene, initiating strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis. Genomes of higher plants encode two D27-homologs, D27-like1 and -like2, with unknown functions. Here, we investigated the enzymatic activity and biological function of the Arabidopsis D27-like1. In vitro enzymatic assays and expression in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 revealed an unreported 13-cis/15-cis/9-cis- and a 9-cis/all-trans-β-carotene isomerization. Although disruption of AtD27-like1 did not cause SL deficiency phenotypes, overexpression of AtD27-like1 in the d27 mutant restored the more-branching phenotype, indicating a contribution of AtD27-like1 to SL biosynthesis. Accordingly, generated d27 d27like1 double mutants showed a more pronounced branching phenotype compared to d27. The contribution of AtD27-like1 to SL biosynthesis is likely a result of its formation of 9-cis-β-carotene that was present at higher levels in AtD27-like1 overexpressing lines. By contrast, AtD27-like1 expression correlated negatively with the content of 9-cis-violaxanthin, a precursor of ABA, in shoots. Consistently, ABA levels were higher in shoots and also in dry seeds of the d27like1 and d27 d27like1 mutants. Transgenic lines expressing GUS driven by the AtD27LIKE1 promoter and transcript analysis of hormone-treated Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that AtD27LIKE1 is expressed in different tissues and affects ABA and auxin. Taken together, our work reports a cis/cis-β-carotene isomerase that affects the content of both cis-carotenoid-derived plant hormones, ABA and SLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Abuauf
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 8XH2+XVP, Mecca, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Song
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdugaffor Ablazov
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
de Oliveira R, Alves FRR, da Rocha Prado E, Gomes LDL, Freschi L, Gaion LA, Carvalho RF. CRYPTOCHROME 1a-mediated blue light perception regulates tomato seed germination via changes in hormonal balance and endosperm-degrading hydrolase dynamics. PLANTA 2023; 257:67. [PMID: 36843173 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blue light exposure delays tomato seed germination by decreasing endosperm-degrading hydrolase activities, a process regulated by CRY1a-dependent signaling and the hormonal balance between ABA and GA. The germination of tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is tightly controlled by an internal hormonal balance, which is also influenced by environmental factors such as light. In this study, we investigated the blue light (BL)-mediated impacts on physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes during the germination of the blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME 1a loss-of-function mutant (cry1a) and of the hormonal tomato mutants notabilis (not, deficient in ABA) and procera (pro, displaying a GA-constitutive response). Seeds were germinated in a controlled chamber in the dark and under different intensities of continuous BL (ranging from 1 to 25 µmol m-2 s-1). In general, exposure to BL delayed tomato seed germination in a fluency rate-dependent way due to negative impacts on the activities of endosperm-degrading hydrolases, such as endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase, and α-galactosidase. However, not and pro mutants presented higher germination speed index (GSI) compared to WT despite the BL influence, associated with higher hydrolase activities, especially evident in pro, indicating that the ABA/GA hormonal balance is important to diminish BL inhibition over tomato germination. The cry1a germination percentage was higher than in WT in the dark but its GSI was lower under BL exposure, suggesting that functional CRY1a is required for BL-dependent germination. BL inhibits the expression of GA-biosynthetic genes, and induces GA-deactivating and ABA-biosynthetic genes. The magnitude of the BL influence over the hormone-related transcriptional profile is also dependent upon CRY1a, highlighting the complex interplay between light and hormonal pathways. These results contribute to a better understanding of BL-induced events behind the photoregulation of tomato seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico Rocha Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Xie J, Li Y, Jiang G, Sun H, Liu X, Han L. Seed color represents salt resistance of alfalfa seeds ( Medicago sativa L.): Based on the analysis of germination characteristics, seedling growth and seed traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104948. [PMID: 36875586 PMCID: PMC9978207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has significant feed value and ecological improvement function of marginal land. The difference in the maturity period of seeds in the same lots may be a mechanism of environmental adaptation. Seed color is a morphological trait associated with seed maturity. A clear understanding of the relationship between the seed color and seed stress resistance is helpful for seed selection for marginal land. METHODS This study evaluated the seed germination parameters (germinability and final germination percentage) and subsequent seedling growth (sprout height, root length, fresh and dry weight) of alfalfa under different salt stress, measured the electrical conductivity, water uptake, seed coat thickness, and endogenous hormone content in alfalfa seeds with different colors (green, yellow and brown). RESULTS The results showed that seed color significantly influenced the seed germination and seedling growth. The germination parameters and seedling performance of brown seeds were significantly lower than that of green and yellow seeds under different salt stress. The germination parameters and seedling growth of brown seed declined most obviously with the aggravation of salt stress. The results suggested that brown seeds were less resistant to salt stress. Seed color had a significant effect on electrical conductivity, and it indicated that the yellow seeds had higher vigor. The seed coat thickness of various colors did not differ significantly. The seed water uptake rate and hormone content (IAA, GA3, ABA) in brown seeds were higher than that in green and yellow seeds, while the (IAA+GA3)/ ABA in yellow seeds were higher than green and brown seeds. The alterations in seed germination and seedling performance among seed colors are likely due to the combination effect of the content and balance between IAA+GA3 and ABA. DISCUSSION These results could improve the understanding of stress adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and provide a theoretical basis for screening alfalfa seeds with high stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Duan X, Jiang W, Wu K, Chen J, Li Y, Tao Z. Integrating Transcriptomics and Hormones Dynamics Reveal Seed Germination and Emergence Process in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3792. [PMID: 36835208 PMCID: PMC9967326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a traditional Chinese herb propagated using rhizomes, and excessive demand for seedlings and quality deterioration caused by rhizome propagation has highlighted that seed propagation may be an ideal solution to address these issues. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in P. cyrtonema Hua seed germination and emergence stages are not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, we performed transcriptomics combined with hormone dynamics during different seed germination stages, and 54,178 unigenes with an average length of 1390.38 bp (N50 = 1847 bp) were generated. Significant transcriptomic changes were related to plant hormone signal transduction and the starch and carbohydrate pathways. Genes related to ABA(abscisic acid), IAA(Indole acetic acid), and JA(Jasmonic acid) signaling, were downregulated, whereas genes related to ethylene, BR(brassinolide), CTK(Cytokinin), and SA(salicylic acid) biosynthesis and signaling were activated during the germination process. Interestingly, GA biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were induced during the germination stage but decreased in the emergence stage. In addition, seed germination significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. Notably, raffinose biosynthesis-related genes were induced, especially during the emergence stage. In total, 1171 transcription factor (TF) genes were found to be differentially expressed. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying P. cyrtonema Hua seed germination and emergence processes and further research for molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Duan
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Kunjing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengming Tao
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Wang QY, Yang L, Ge N, Jia JS, Huang RM, Chen C, Meng ZG, Li LG, Chen JW. Exogenous abscisic acid prolongs the dormancy of recalcitrant seed of Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1054736. [PMID: 36866363 PMCID: PMC9971733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1054736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen are typically characterized by their recalcitrance and after-ripening process and exhibit a high water content at harvest as well as a high susceptibility to dehydration. Storage difficulty and the low germination of recalcitrant seeds of P. notoginseng are known to cause an obstacle to agricultural production. In this study, the ratio of embryo to endosperm (Em/En) in abscisic acid (ABA) treatments (1 mg·l-1 and 10 mg·l-1, LA and HA) was 53.64% and 52.34%, respectively, which were lower than those in control check (CK) (61.98%) at 30 days of the after-ripening process (DAR). A total of 83.67% of seeds germinated in the CK, 49% of seeds germinated in the LA treatment, and 37.33% of seeds germinated in the HA treatment at 60 DAR. The ABA, gibberellin (GA), and auxin (IAA) levels were increased in the HA treatment at 0 DAR, while the jasmonic acid (JA) levels were decreased. ABA, IAA, and JA were increased, but GA was decreased with HA treatment at 30 DAR. A total of 4,742, 16,531, and 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HA-treated and CK groups, respectively, along with obvious enrichment in the ABA-regulated plant hormone pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The expression of pyracbactin resistance-like (PYL) and SNF1-related protein kinase subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) increased in the ABA-treated groups, whereas the expression of type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) decreased, both of which are related to the ABA signaling pathway. As a result of the changes in expression of these genes, increased ABA signaling and suppressed GA signaling could inhibit the growth of the embryo and the expansion of developmental space. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MAPK signaling cascades might be involved in the amplification of hormone signaling. Meanwhile, our study uncovered that the exogenous hormone ABA could inhibit embryonic development, promote dormancy, and delay germination in recalcitrant seeds. These findings reveal the critical role of ABA in regulating the dormancy of recalcitrant seeds, and thereby provide a new insight into recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Shan Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong-Mei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Gui Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Long-Gen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kou C, Peng C, Dong H, Hu L, Xu W. Mapping quantitative trait loci and developing their KASP markers for pre-harvest sprouting resistance of Henan wheat varieties in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118777. [PMID: 36875573 PMCID: PMC9976778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-harvest Sprouting (PHS) seriously affects wheat quality and yield. However, to date there have been limited reports. It is of great urgency to breed resistance varieties via quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) or genes for PHS resistance in white-grained wheat. METHODS 629 Chinese wheat varieties, including 373 local wheat varieties from 70 years ago and 256 improved wheat varieties were phenotyped for spike sprouting (SS) in two environments and genotyped by wheat 660K microarray. These phenotypes were used to associate with 314,548 SNP markers for identifying QTNs for PHS resistance using several multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. Their candidate genes were verified by RNA-seq, and the validated candidate genes were further exploited in wheat breeding. RESULTS As a result, variation coefficients of 50% and 47% for PHS in 629 wheat varieties, respectively, in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 indicated large phenotypic variation, in particular, 38 white grain varieties appeared at least medium resistance, such as Baipimai, Fengchan 3, and Jimai 20. In GWAS, 22 significant QTNs, with the sizes of 0.06% ~ 38.11%, for PHS resistance were stably identified by multiple multi-locus methods in two environments, e.g., AX-95124645 (chr3D:571.35Mb), with the sizes of 36.390% and 45.850% in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively, was detected by several multi-locus methods in two environments. As compared with previous studies, the AX-95124645 was used to develop Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR marker QSS.TAF9-3D (chr3D:569.17Mb~573.55Mb) for the first time, especially, it is available in white-grain wheat varieties. Around this locus, nine genes were significantly differentially expressed, and two of them (TraesCS3D01G466100 and TraesCS3D01G468500) were found by GO annotation to be related to PHS resistance and determined as candidate genes. DISCUSSION The QTN and two new candidate genes related to PHS resistance were identified in this study. The QTN can be used to effectively identify the PHS resistance materials, especially, all the white-grained varieties with QSS.TAF9-3D-TT haplotype are resistant to spike sprouting. Thus, this study provides candidate genes, materials, and methodological basis for breeding wheat PHS resistance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Kou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - ChaoJun Peng
- Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - HaiBin Dong
- Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - WeiGang Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Chen WQ, Liu DP, Li ZX, Chen K, Luo J, Xu JL. Transcriptome analysis of knockout mutants of rice seed dormancy gene OsVP1 and Sdr4. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:309-319. [PMID: 36445461 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OsVP1 and Sdr4 play an important role in regulating seed dormancy that involved in multiple metabolism and regulatory pathways. Seed dormancy and germination are critical agricultural traits influencing rice grain yield. Although there are some genes have identified previously, the comprehensive understanding based on transcriptome is still deficient. In this study, we generated mutants of two representative regulators of seed germination, Oryza sativa Viviparous1 (OsVP1) and Seed dormancy 4 (Sdr4), by CRISPR/Cas9 approach and named them cr-osvp1 and cr-sdr4. The weakened dormancy of mutants indicated that the functions of OsVP1 and Sdr4 are required for normal early seed dormancy. There were 4157 and 8285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in cr-osvp1 vs. NIP and cr-sdr4 vs. NIP groups, respectively, with a large number of overlapped DEGs between two groups. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of common DEGs in two groups showed that genes related to carbohydrate metabolic, nucleoside metabolic, amylase activity and plant hormone signal transduction were involved in the dormancy regulation. These results suggest that OsVP1 and Sdr4 play an important role in regulating seed dormancy by multiple metabolism and regulatory pathways. The systematic analysis of the transcriptional level changes provides theoretical basis for the research of seed dormancy and germination in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-Pu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Jain N, Khurana P, Khurana JP. AtTLP2, a Tubby-like protein, plays intricate roles in abiotic stress signalling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:235-252. [PMID: 36437308 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Tubby-like protein (TLP) encoding gene, AtTLP2, plays intricate roles during ABA-dependent abiotic stress signalling, particularly salt and dehydration stress responses. TLPs (Tubby-like proteins) are a small group of eukaryotic proteins characterized by the presence of a Tubby domain. The plant TLPs have been widely shown to play important roles during abiotic stress signaling. In this study, we investigated the role of an Arabidopsis TLP, AtTLP2, in mediating abiotic stress responses. Both attlp2 null mutant and overexpression (OE) lines, in Arabidopsis, were studied which indicated the role of the gene also in development. The attlp2 mutant showed an overall dwarfism, while its overexpression caused enhanced growth. AtTLP2 localized to the plasma membrane (PM) and showed nuclear translocation in response to dehydration stress. The protein interacted with ASK1 and ASK2, but failed to show transactivation activity in yeast. AtTLP2 was transcriptionally induced by stress, caused by salt, dehydration and ABA. The attlp2 mutant was insensitive to ABA, but hypersensitive to oxidative stress at all stages of growth. ABA insensitivity conferred tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses at the germination and early seedling growth stages, but caused hypersensitivity to salt and drought stresses at advanced stages of growth. The OE lines were more sensitive to ABA, causing increased sensitivity to most stresses at the seed germination stage, but conferring tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses at more advanced stages of development. The stomata of the attlp2 mutant were less responsive to ABA and H2O2, while that of the OE lines exhibited greater sensitivity. Several ABA-regulated stress responsive marker genes were found to be downregulated in the mutant, but upregulated in the OE lines. The study establishes that AtTLP2 plays intricate roles in abiotic stress signaling, and the response may be largely ABA dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Jain
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Li Q, Zhai W, Wei J, Jia Y. Rice lipid transfer protein, OsLTPL23, controls seed germination by regulating starch-sugar conversion and ABA homeostasis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1111318. [PMID: 36726806 PMCID: PMC9885049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is vital for ensuring the continuity of life in spermatophyte. High-quality seed germination usually represents good seedling establishment and plant production. Here, we identified OsLTPL23, a putative rice non-specific lipid transport protein, as an important regulator responsible for seed germination. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that OsLTPL23 is present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. The knockout mutants of OsLTPL23 were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, and osltpl23 lines significantly germinated slower and lower than the Nipponbare (NIP). Starch and soluble sugar contents measurement showed that OsLTPL23 may have alpha-amylase inhibitor activity, and high soluble sugar content may be a causal agent for the delayed seed germination of osltpl23 mutants. Transcript profiles in the germinating seeds exhibited that the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes, OsABI3 and OsABI5, and biosynthesis genes, OsNCED1, OsNCED2, OsNCED3 and OsNCED4, are obviously upregulated in the osltpl23 mutants compared to NIP plants, conversely, ABA metabolism genes OsABA8ox1, OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 are stepwise decreased. Further investigations found that osltpl23 mutants displays weakened early seedling growth, with elevated gene expresssion of ABA catabolism genes and repressive transcription response of defence-related genes OsWRKY45, OsEiN3, OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsNPR1. Integrated analysis indicated that OsLTPL23 may exert an favorable effect on rice seed germination and early seedling growth via modulating endogenous ABA homeostasis. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the roles of OsLTPL23-mediated carbohydrate conversion and endogenous ABA pathway on seed germination and early seedling growth, which contributes to high-vigor seed production in rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Zhai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Jia
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yanfeng Jia,
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
The Histone H3K27 Demethylase REF6 Is a Positive Regulator of Light-Initiated Seed Germination in Arabidopsis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020295. [PMID: 36672228 PMCID: PMC9856397 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is the first step in initiating a new life cycle in seed plants. Light is a major environmental factor affecting seed germination. Phytochrome B (phyB) is the primary photoreceptor promoting germination during the initial phase of imbibition. Post-translational histone methylation occurring at both lysine and arginine residues plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation in plants. However, the role of histone lysine demethylation in light-initiated seed germination is not yet reported. Here, we identified that Relative of Early Flowering 6 (REF6)/Jumonji Domain-containing Protein 12 (JMJ12), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, acts as a positive regulator of light-initiated seed germination. The loss of function of REF6 in Arabidopsis inhibits phyB-dependent seed germination. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that REF6 regulates about half of the light-responsive transcriptome in imbibed seeds, including genes related to multiple hormonal signaling pathways and cellular processes. Phenotypic analyses indicated that REF6 not only regulates seed germination through GA (gibberellin) and ABA (abscisic acid) processes but also depends on the auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, REF6 directly binds to and decreases the histone H3K27me3 levels of auxin-signaling- and cell-wall-loosening-related genes, leading to the activated expression of these genes in imbibed seeds. Taken together, our study identifies REF6 as the first histone lysine demethylase required for light-initiated seed germination. Our work also reveals the important role of REF6-mediated histone H3K27 demethylation in transcriptional reprogramming in the light-initiated seed germination process.
Collapse
|
125
|
Temperature driven antagonistic fate determination by two bHLH transcription factors: dormancy or germination. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1208-1209. [PMID: 36633711 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
126
|
Luo X, Xu J, Zheng C, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang R, Ren X, Wei S, Aziz U, Du J, Liu W, Tan W, Shu K. Abscisic acid inhibits primary root growth by impairing ABI4-mediated cell cycle and auxin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:265-279. [PMID: 36047837 PMCID: PMC9806568 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression and the phytohormones auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) play key roles in primary root growth, but how ABA mediates the transcription of cell cycle-related genes and the mechanism of crosstalk between ABA and auxin requires further research. Here, we report that ABA inhibits primary root growth by regulating the ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4)-CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE B2;2 (CDKB2;2)/CYCLIN B1;1 (CYCB1;1) module-mediated cell cycle as well as auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ABA induced ABI4 transcription in the primary root tip, and the abi4 mutant showed an ABA-insensitive phenotype in primary root growth. Compared with the wild type (WT), the meristem size and cell number of the primary root in abi4 increased in response to ABA. Further, the transcription levels of several cell-cycle positive regulator genes, including CDKB2;2 and CYCB1;1, were upregulated in abi4 primary root tips. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq, ChIP-qPCR, and biochemical analysis revealed that ABI4 repressed the expression of CDKB2;2 and CYCB1;1 by physically interacting with their promoters. Genetic analysis demonstrated that overexpression of CDKB2;2 or CYCB1;1 fully rescued the shorter primary root phenotype of ABI4-overexpression lines, and consistently, abi4/cdkb2;2-cr or abi4/cycb1;1-cr double mutations largely rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of abi4 with regard to primary root growth. The expression levels of DR5promoter-GFP and PIN1promoter::PIN1-GFP in abi4 primary root tips were significantly higher than those in WT after ABA treatment, with these changes being consistent with changes in auxin concentration and expression patterns of auxin biosynthesis genes. Taken together, these findings indicated that ABA inhibits primary root growth through ABI4-mediated cell cycle and auxin-related regulatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiming Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Iglesias-Moya J, Cebrián G, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. The ethylene receptor mutation etr2b reveals crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in the control of Cucurbita pepo germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13864. [PMID: 36718078 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced salt tolerance of squash ethylene-insensitive mutants during germination and early stages of seedling development suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) could mediate this tolerance. To gain insight into the crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in seed germination, the germination rate and early seedling growth of wild type (WT) and ethylene-insensitive etr2b mutant were compared in seeds germinated under water and exogenous ABA treatment. The etr2b seeds germinated earlier than WT under both water and ABA, and the effect of ABA on radicle length and seedling growth of etr2b was lower than in WT, indicating that etr2b is also insensitive to ABA. The comparison of ABA and ethylene contents and ABA and ethylene gene expression profiles in WT and etr2b dry and imbibed seeds in either water, NaCl or ABA demonstrated a clear crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in germination. The expression profiles of ethylene genes in WT and etr2b indicated that the role of ethylene in seed germination does not appear to follow the canonical ethylene signaling pathway. Instead, etr2b reduces ABA content during formation of the seeds (dry seeds) and in response to seed imbibition and germination, which means diminished dormancy in the ethylene mutant. The etr2b mutation downregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes during germination, demonstrating the positive role of ethylene receptor gene CpETR2B on seed germination and early seedling growth in squash is mediated by ABA. The reduced effect of exogenous ABA on ethylene production and ethylene gene expression in etr2b seeds suggests that this regulation is also dependent on ethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Plitsi PK, Samakovli D, Roka L, Rampou A, Panagiotopoulos K, Koudounas K, Isaioglou I, Haralampidis K, Rigas S, Hatzopoulos P, Milioni D. GA-Mediated Disruption of RGA/BZR1 Complex Requires HSP90 to Promote Hypocotyl Elongation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010088. [PMID: 36613530 PMCID: PMC9820706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuitries of signaling pathways integrate distinct hormonal and environmental signals, and influence development in plants. While a crosstalk between brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways has recently been established, little is known about other components engaged in the integration of the two pathways. Here, we provide supporting evidence for the role of HSP90 (HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90) in regulating the interplay of the GA and BR signaling pathways to control hypocotyl elongation of etiolated seedlings in Arabidopsis. Both pharmacological and genetic depletion of HSP90 alter the expression of GA biosynthesis and catabolism genes. Major components of the GA pathway, like RGA (REPRESSOR of ga1-3) and GAI (GA-INSENSITIVE) DELLA proteins, have been identified as physically interacting with HSP90. Interestingly, GA-promoted DELLA degradation depends on the ATPase activity of HSP90, and inhibition of HSP90 function stabilizes the DELLA/BZR1 (BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1) complex, modifying the expression of downstream transcriptional targets. Our results collectively reveal that HSP90, through physical interactions with DELLA proteins and BZR1, modulates DELLA abundance and regulates the expression of BZR1-dependent transcriptional targets to promote plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Despina Samakovli
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia Roka
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Rampou
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Isaioglou
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Ciarkowska A, Wojtaczka P, Kęsy J, Ostrowski M. Auxin homeostasis in maize (Zea mays) is regulated via 1-O-indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol synthesis at early stages of seedling development and under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2022; 257:23. [PMID: 36539632 PMCID: PMC9768015 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis is regulated during maize seedling development and in response to drought and cold stress. The main purpose of this pathway is maintenance of auxin homeostasis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugation to myo-inositol is a part of a mechanism controlling free auxin level in maize. In this work, we investigated changes in the indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol (IAInos) biosynthesis pathway in 3-d- and 6-d-old maize seedlings and germinating seeds as well as in seedlings subjected to drought and cold stress to evaluate a role of this pathway in maize development and stress response. In germinating seeds, activity of the enzymes involved in IAInos biosynthesis remains unchanged between 3-d- and 6-d-old material but increases in coleoptiles and radicles of the seedlings. Under cold stress, in germinating seeds and in coleoptiles, activity of the enzymes decreases and increases, respectively; however, it does not entail changes in auxin level. In drought-exposed germinating maize seeds, totally diminished activities of IAInos synthesis pathway enzymes resulted in almost twofold increase of free IAA content. Similar increase of auxin level was observed in radicles of drought-subjected seedlings together with lack of catalytic activity of the first enzyme of the pathway. Exogenous IAInos has no effect on the level of non-enzymatic antioxidant, ascorbate. It has also either no effect on the protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, or it affects it in a similar way as exogenously applied IAA and myo-inositol, which are products of IAInos hydrolysis. Thus, IAInos biosynthesis pathway acts in maize development and stress responses by regulation of free IAA concentration, as IAInos itself does not appear to have a distinct role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciarkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wojtaczka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Zhang Z, Wang W, Ali S, Luo X, Xie L. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiple Knockouts in Abscisic Acid Receptor Genes Reduced the Sensitivity to ABA during Soybean Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416173. [PMID: 36555815 PMCID: PMC9784318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone that regulates numerous functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Several proteins regulate the ABA signal transduction mechanism in response to environmental stress. Among them, the PYR1/PYL/RCAR family act as ABA receptors. This study used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system with a single gRNA to knock out three soybean PYL genes: GmPYL17, GmPYL18, and GmPYL19. The gRNA may efficiently cause varying degrees of deletion of GmPYL17, GmPYL18, and GmPYL19 gene target sequences, according to the genotyping results of T0 plants. A subset of induced alleles was successfully transferred to progeny. In the T2 generation, we obtained double and triple mutant genotypes. At the seed germination stage, CRISPR/Cas9-created GmPYL gene knockout mutants, particularly gmpyl17/19 double mutants, are less susceptible to ABA than the wild type. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes related to the ABA response from germinated seedlings under diverse treatments using three biological replicates. The gmpyl17/19-1 double mutant was less susceptible to ABA during seed germination, and mutant plant height and branch number were higher than the wild type. Under ABA stress, the GO enrichment analysis showed that certain positive germination regulators were activated, which reduced ABA sensitivity and enhanced seed germination. This research gives a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the ABA signaling pathway and the participation of the key component at their molecular level, which helps enhance soybean abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, this research will aid breeders in regulating and improving soybean production and quality under various stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Wawrzyńska A, Piotrowska J, Apodiakou A, Brückner F, Hoefgen R, Sirko A. The SLIM1 transcription factor affects sugar signaling during sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7362-7379. [PMID: 36099003 PMCID: PMC9730805 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of major macronutrient metabolism needs to be tightly regulated, especially when the availability of one or more nutrients fluctuates in the environment. Both sulfur metabolism and glucose signaling are important processes throughout plant growth and development, as well as during stress responses. Still, very little is known about how these processes affect each other, although they are positively connected. Here, we showed in Arabidopsis that the crucial transcription factor of sulfur metabolism, SLIM1, is involved in glucose signaling during shortage of sulfur. The germination rate of the slim1_KO mutant was severely affected by high glucose and osmotic stress. The expression of SLIM1-dependent genes in sulfur deficiency appeared to be additionally induced by a high concentration of either mannitol or glucose, but also by sucrose, which is not only the source of glucose but another signaling molecule. Additionally, SLIM1 affects PAP1 expression during sulfur deficiency by directly binding to its promoter. The lack of PAP1 induction in such conditions leads to much lower anthocyanin production. Taken together, our results indicate that SLIM1 is involved in the glucose response by modulating sulfur metabolism and directly controlling PAP1 expression in Arabidopsis during sulfur deficiency stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasia Apodiakou
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Franziska Brückner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Guo JX, Song RF, Lu KK, Zhang Y, Chen HH, Zuo JX, Li TT, Li XF, Liu WC. CycC1;1 negatively modulates ABA signaling by interacting with and inhibiting ABI5 during seed germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2812-2827. [PMID: 36173345 PMCID: PMC9706468 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of seed germination is important for plant survival and propagation. ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), the central transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway, plays a fundamental role in the regulation of ABA-responsive gene expression during seed germination; however, how ABI5 transcriptional activation activity is regulated remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that C-type Cyclin1;1 (CycC1;1) is an ABI5-interacting partner affecting the ABA response and seed germination in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The CycC1;1 loss-of-function mutant is hypersensitive to ABA, and this phenotype was rescued by mutation of ABI5. Moreover, CycC1;1 suppresses ABI5 transcriptional activation activity for ABI5-targeted genes including ABI5 itself by occupying their promoters and disrupting RNA polymerase II recruitment; thus the cycc1;1 mutant shows increased expression of ABI5 and genes downstream of ABI5. Furthermore, ABA reduces the interaction between CycC1;1 and ABI5, while phospho-mimic but not phospho-dead mutation of serine-42 in ABI5 abolishes CycC1;1 interaction with ABI5 and relieves CycC1;1 inhibition of ABI5-mediated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes. Together, our study illustrates that CycC1;1 negatively modulates the ABA response by interacting with and inhibiting ABI5, while ABA relieves the CycC1;1 interaction with and inhibition of ABI5 to activate ABI5 activity for the ABA response, thereby inhibiting seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ru-Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kai-Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hui-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Anyang Wenfeng District Natural Resources Bureau, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Li Z, Lian Y, Gong P, Song L, Hu J, Pang H, Ren Y, Xin Z, Wang Z, Lin T. Network of the transcriptome and metabolomics reveals a novel regulation of drought resistance during germination in wheat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:717-735. [PMID: 35972226 PMCID: PMC9670757 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The North China Plain, the highest winter-wheat-producing region of China, is seriously threatened by drought. Traditional irrigation wastes a significant amount of water during the sowing season. Therefore, it is necessary to study the drought resistance of wheat during germination to maintain agricultural ecological security. From several main cultivars in the North China Plain, we screened the drought-resistant cultivar JM47 and drought-sensitive cultivar AK58 during germination using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) drought simulation method. An integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolomics was performed to understand the regulatory networks related to drought resistance in wheat germination and verify key regulatory genes. METHODS Transcriptional and metabolic changes were investigated using statistical analyses and gene-metabolite correlation networks. Transcript and metabolite profiles were obtained through high-throughput RNA-sequencing data analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. KEY RESULTS A total of 8083 and 2911 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 173 and 148 differential metabolites were identified in AK58 and JM47, respectively, under drought stress. According to the integrated analysis results, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling was prominently enriched in JM47. A decrease in α-linolenic acid content was consistent with the performance of DEGs involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis in the two cultivars under drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased more in JM47 than in AK58, and linoleic acid content decreased in AK58 but increased in JM47. α-Tocotrienol was upregulated and strongly correlated with α-linolenic acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The DEGs that participated in the mTOR and α-linolenic acid metabolism pathways were considered candidate DEGs related to drought resistance and the key metabolites α-tocotrienol, linoleic acid and l-leucine, which could trigger a comprehensive and systemic effect on drought resistance during germination by activating mTOR-ABA signalling and the interaction of various hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhen Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Lian
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linhu Song
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifang Pang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Xin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongbao Lin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Rehal PK, Tuan PA, Nguyen TN, Cattani DJ, Humphreys DG, Ayele BT. Genetic variation of seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is mediated by transcriptional regulation of abscisic acid metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111432. [PMID: 36029895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates seed dormancy and therefore preharvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat. This study investigated the contribution of transcriptional regulation of ABA metabolism and signaling genes to genetic variation in dormancy of wheat seeds. Our results showed that genetic variation in seed dormancy is highly correlated with ABA content (r > 0.86), which, in turn, was closely associated with the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis genes, TaNCED1 (r = 0.78) and TaNCED2 (r = 0.67). A relatively lower correlation was observed between ABA content and the expression levels of ABA catabolism genes, TaCYP707A1 (r = 0.51) and TaCYP707A2 (r = 0.57). The expression level of TaABI5 exhibited strong associations with the levels of ABA (r = 0.8) and seed dormancy (r > 0.9), indicating the importance of seed ABA sensitivity in mediating genetic variation in dormancy. Furthermore, high positive correlations were prevalent between the expression patterns of TaABI5 and TaNCED1 (r = 0.91) or TaNCED2 (r = 0.82). Overall, our results implicated the significance of TaNCEDs and TaABI5 in regulating genetic variation in ABA level and sensitivity and thereby seed dormancy, highlighting the potential use of these genes to develop molecular markers for incorporating PHS resistance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawanpuneet K Rehal
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Douglas J Cattani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Lee SY, Park K, Jang BK, Ji B, Lee H, Baskin CC, Cho JS. Exogenous gibberellin can effectively and rapidly break intermediate physiological dormancy of Amsonia elliptica seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043897. [PMID: 36388572 PMCID: PMC9643720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated global warming is leading to the loss of plant species diversity, and ex situ preservation of seeds is becoming an increasingly important aspect of species conservation. However, information on dormancy and germination is lacking in many endangered species. Amsonia elliptica (Apocynaceae) is the only Amsonia species native to Korea, and the South Korean Ministry of Environment has designated it Class II endangered wildlife. Nevertheless, the dormancy class and the dormancy breaking method for seeds of this species for germination are not precisely known. We identified the structure of A. elliptica seeds and the causes of dormancy, which inhibits germination. In addition, we tried to develop an effective germination promotion method by testing the wet stratified condition, which breaks dormancy, and the form of gibberellin that can replace it. Fresh seeds of A. elliptica imbibe water, but the covering layers (endosperm and seed coat) inhibit germination by mechanically restricting the embryo. Initial germination tests confirmed low embryo growth potential and physiological dormancy (PD). Restriction due to the covering layer was eliminated by seed scarification, and abnormal germination was observed. After 12 weeks of cold moist stratification at 4°C, only 12% of seeds germinated. However, 68.8% of seeds subjected to 8 weeks of warm moist stratification followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification germinated, indicating that warm stratification pretreatment before cold stratification is effective in breaking dormancy. A. elliptica seeds exhibited intermediate PD. Furthermore, 61.3% of seeds soaked in 500 mg/L GA4+7 for 14 days and incubated at 25/15°C germinated. Therefore, GA4+7 rapidly broke the dormancy of A. elliptica seeds compared with warm plus cold stratification treatment, thus providing an efficient method for seedling production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeob Lee
- Kiban Operation Department (KOD) production planning, The Kiban Co. Ltd., Anseong, South Korea
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bo-Kook Jang
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Garden and Plant Resources Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Boran Ji
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hamin Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ju-Sung Cho
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Farooq M, Khan MA, Zhao DD, Asif S, Kim EG, Jang YH, Park JR, Lee IJ, Kim KM. Extrinsic role of gibberellin mitigating salinity effect in different rice genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041181. [PMID: 36388489 PMCID: PMC9641126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overall effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) with NaCl on different rice genotypes are inadequately understood. The present study determines the effect of different GA3 (50 and 100 µM) concentrations on the morphophysiological, molecular and biochemical effects of 120 mM NaCl salt stress in rice seedlings. Salt stress reduced germination percentages and seedling growth and decreased bioactive GA content. It also downregulated the relative expression of α-amylase-related genes - OsAmy1A, OsAmy1C, and OsAmy3C in the salt-sensitive IR28 cultivar. Salt stress differentially regulated the expression of GA biosynthetic genes. Salt stress increased antioxidant activity in all rice genotypes tested, except in IR28. GA3 mitigates the effect of salt stress, rescuing seed germination and growth attributes. GA3 significantly increased bioactive GA content in Nagdong and pokkali (50 µM) and Cheongcheong and IR28 (100 µM) cultivars. The α-amylase genes were also significantly upregulated by GA3. Similarly, GA3 upregulated OsGA2ox1 and OsGA2ox9 expression in the Cheongcheong and salt-sensitive IR28 cultivars. The present study demonstrated that salt stress inactivates bioactive GA - inhibiting germination and seedlings growth - and decreases bioactive GA content and GSH activity in IR28 and Pokkali cultivars. Further, GA3 significantly reversed the effects of 120 mM NaCl salt stress in different rice genotypes. The current study suggested that the known coastal area salinity concentration can be significantly recovered with the application of exogenous GA3. Thus, it could be possible to grow eco-friendly rice close to the coastal zone in order to reduce the damage caused by salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryoung Park
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Deagu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Zhao L, Li M, Ma X, Luo D, Zhou Q, Liu W, Liu Z. Transcriptome analysis and identification of abscisic acid and gibberellin-related genes during seed development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:651. [PMID: 36100883 PMCID: PMC9472388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated plant. Unlike many crops, the main goal of breeding alfalfa is to increase its aboveground biomass rather than the biomass of its seeds. However, the low yield of alfalfa seeds limits alfalfa production. Many studies have explored the factors affecting seed development, in which phytohormones, especially ABA and GAs, play an important role in seed development. RESULTS Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of alfalfa seeds at five development stages. A total of 16,899 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and classified into 10 clusters, and the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were determined. The contents of ABA, GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7 in alfalfa seeds at five development stages were determined. In addition, 14 ABA-related DEGs and 20 GA-related DEGs were identified and analysed. These DEGs are involved in plant hormone pathways and play an important role in seed development. Moreover, morphological and physiological analyses revealed the dynamic changes during the development of alfalfa seeds. CONCLUSION Overall, our study is the first to analyse the transcriptome across various stages of seed development in alfalfa. The results of our study could be used to improve alfalfa seed yield. The key ABA and GA related-genes are potential targets for improving alfalfa seed yield via genetic engineering in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Bai YL, Yin X, Xiong CF, Cai BD, Wu Y, Zhang XY, Wei Z, Ye T, Feng YQ. Neophaseic acid catabolism in the 9'-hydroxylation pathway of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100340. [PMID: 35585783 PMCID: PMC9482987 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) hydroxylation is an important pathway for ABA inactivation and homeostasis maintenance. Here, we discover a new downstream catabolite of neophaseic acid (neoPA) in the ABA 9'-hydroxyl pathway and identify it as epi-neodihydrophaseic acid (epi-neoDPA) by comparing its accurate mass, retention time, and MSn spectra with those of our chemically synthesized epi-neoDPA. Analyses of Arabidopsis seed germination and ABA-related gene expression reveal that neoPA rather than epi-neoDPA possesses ABA-like hormonal activity. In vitro enzyme activity tests of prokaryotic recombinant protein reveal that NeoPAR1 (neoPA reductase 1) identified from Arabidopsis converts neoPA into epi-neoDPA. Site-directed mutation at Tyr163 in the conserved motif of NeoPAR1 abolishes the catalytic activity of NeoPAR1. Accelerated seed germination was observed in NeoPAR1 knockdown and knockout mutants, whereas retarded seed germination and the accumulation of epi-neoDPA and ABA were observed in NeoPAR1 overexpression lines, suggesting that NeoPAR1 is involved in seed germination and maintenance of ABA homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zhang Y, Dai T, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhu W. Effect of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Germination of Tomato Seeds under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810474. [PMID: 36142386 PMCID: PMC9502054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is known to influence tomato growth, development, and yield. In this study, we analyzed the germination of tomato seeds treated with exogenous glycine betaine (GB) at a low temperature (14 °C). The results showed that cold stress inhibited tomato seed germination, and pretreatment with exogenous GB reduced this inhibition and enhanced the germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and viability of tomato seeds at low temperatures. Analysis of gene expression and metabolism revealed that GB positively regulated endogenous hormone gibberellin (GA) content and negatively regulated abscisic acid (ABA) content, while GB reduced the starch content in the seeds by up-regulating the amylase gene expression. Gene expression analysis showed that the key genes (SlSOD, SlPOD, and SlchlAPX) involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems were up-regulated in GB-pretreated tomato seeds compared with the control. At the same time, levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were significantly lower, while the proline content and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were elevated compared with those in the control. These results demonstrate that exogenous GB as a positive regulator effectively alleviated the inhibition of tomato seed germination under cold stress by different signal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Taoyu Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Innovation Center of Jiangsu, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Liu X, Wang J, Sabir IA, Sun W, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang N, Liu H, Jiu S, Liu L, Zhang C. PavGA2ox-2L inhibits the plant growth and development interacting with PavDWARF in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:299-309. [PMID: 35932654 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf dense planting is helpful to improve the yield and quality of sweet cherry, which has enormous market demand. GA2oxs (GA oxidases) affect plant height, dormancy release, flower development, and seed germination by participating in the metabolic regulation and signal transduction of GA (Gibberellin). However, the research on GA2ox in sweet cherry is little and worthy of further investigation. Therefore, we identified the PavGA2ox-2L gene from sweet cherry, close to PynGA2ox-2 from Prunus yedoensis var. Nudiflora. The phylogenetic analysis indicated conserved functions with these evolutionarily closer GA2ox subfamily genes. Subcellular localization forecast analysis indicated that PavGA2ox-2L was localized in the nucleus or cytoplasm. The expression levels of PavGA2ox-2L were higher in winter, indicating that PavGA2ox-2L promoted maintained flower bud dormancy. The expression levels of PavGA2ox-2L were significantly increased after GA4+7 treatment while decreased after GR24 (a synthetic analog of SLs (Strigolactones)) or TIS108 (a triazole-type SL-biosynthesis inhibitor) treatments. Over-expression of PavGA2ox-2L resulted in decreased plant height, delayed flowering time, and low seed germination rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, the interaction between PavGA2ox-2L and PavDWARF was verified by Y2H and BiFC assays. In the current investigation, PavGA2ox-2L functions as a GA metabolic gene that promotes dwarf dense planting, delays flowering time, and inhibits seed germination. In addition, it also participates in regulating plant growth and development through the interaction with the critical negative regulator PavDWARF of Gibberellin. These results will help us better explore the molecular mechanism of GA2ox-mediated dwarf and late-maturing varieties for fruit trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Niangong Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Haobo Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ectopic Expression of CsSUN in Tomato Results in Elongated Fruit Shape via Regulation of Longitudinal Cell Division. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179973. [PMID: 36077369 PMCID: PMC9456224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit shape, an important agronomic trait of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), is tightly controlled by a series of genes such as CsSUN, a homologue of SlSUN that is responsible for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit shape via the modulation of cell division. However, the direct genetic evidence about the CsSUN-mediated regulation of fruit shape is still scarce, limiting our mechanistic understanding of the biological functions of CsSUN. Here, we introduced CsSUN into the round-fruited tomato inbred line ‘SN1′ (wild type, WT) via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The high and constitutive expression of CsSUN was revealed by real-time PCR in all the tested tissues of the transgenic plants, especially in the fruits and ovaries. Phenotypic analyses showed that the ectopic expression of CsSUN increased fruit length while it decreased fruit diameter, thus leading to the enhanced fruit shape index in the transgenic tomato lines relative to the WT. Additionally, the reduction in the seed size and seed-setting rate and the stimulation of seed germination were observed in the CsSUN-expressed tomato. A histological survey demonstrated that the elongated fruits were mainly derived from the significant increasing of the longitudinal cell number, which compensated for the negative effects of decreased cell area in the central columellae. These observations are different from action mode of SlSUN, thus shedding new insights into the SUN-mediated regulation of fruit shape.
Collapse
|
142
|
Peng L, Lu H, Chen J, Wu Z, Xiao Z, Qing X, Song J, Wang Z, Zhao J. Characteristics of Seed Vigor in Rice Varieties with Different Globulin Accumulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179717. [PMID: 36077115 PMCID: PMC9456403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor of rice is an important trait for direct seeding. The objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between globulin and seed vigor, and then to explore a method for evaluating seed vigor. Several rice varieties with different levels of 52 kDa globulin accumulation were used to compare seed vigor under normal and aged conditions. Results showed that varieties with high globulin accumulation obtained significantly higher seed vigor, measured by germination percentage and germination index, compared with those varieties with low globulin accumulation under normal and aged conditions. Meanwhile, a significantly higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in the early germinating seeds of varieties with high globulin accumulation compared to those varieties with low globulin accumulation under normal and aged conditions. Collectively, the globulin content could be applied in the evaluation of seed vigor, which contributes to the selection of rice varieties for direct seeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Zhao
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); or (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y. Integration of ABA, GA, and light signaling in seed germination through the regulation of ABI5. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000803. [PMID: 36092418 PMCID: PMC9449724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is precisely controlled by a variety of signals, among which light signals and the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) play crucial roles. New findings have greatly increased our understanding of the mechanisms by which these three signals regulate seed germination and the close connections between them. Although much work has been devoted to ABA, GA, and light signal interactions, there is still no systematic description of their combination, especially in seed germination. In this review, we integrate ABA, GA, and light signaling in seed germination through the direct and indirect regulation of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), the core transcription factor that represses seed germination in ABA signaling, into our current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Reveal the Involvement of PRT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Responsiveness to Ethylene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169352. [PMID: 36012613 PMCID: PMC9409418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the breaking of seed dormancy in wild type (Col-0) by ethylene at 100 μL L-1 required at least 30 h application. A mutant of the proteolytic N-degron pathway, lacking the E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6), was investigated for its role in ethylene-triggered changes in proteomes during seed germination. Label-free quantitative proteomics was carried out on dormant wild type Col-0 and prt6 seeds treated with (+) or without (-) ethylene. After 16 h, 1737 proteins were identified, but none was significantly different in protein levels in response to ethylene. After longer ethylene treatment (30 h), 2552 proteins were identified, and 619 Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) had significant differences in protein abundances between ethylene treatments and genotypes. In Col, 587 DEPs were enriched for those involved in signal perception and transduction, reserve mobilization and new material generation, which potentially contributed to seed germination. DEPs up-regulated by ethylene in Col included S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1, methionine adenosyltransferase 3 and ACC oxidase involved in ethylene synthesis and of Pyrabactin Resistance1 acting as an ABA receptor, while DEPs down-regulated by ethylene in Col included aldehyde oxidase 4 involved in ABA synthesis. In contrast, in prt6 seeds, ethylene did not result in strong proteomic changes with only 30 DEPs. Taken together, the present work demonstrates that the proteolytic N-degron pathway is essential for ethylene-mediated reprogramming of seed proteomes during germination.
Collapse
|
145
|
Rehmani MS, Aziz U, Xian B, Shu K. Seed Dormancy and Longevity: A Mutual Dependence or a Trade-Off? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1029-1037. [PMID: 35594901 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals and leguminous crops as low levels of seed dormancy during harvest season, coupled with high humidity, can cause preharvest sprouting. Seed longevity is another critical trait for commercial crop propagation and production, directly influencing seed germination and early seedling establishment. Both traits are precisely regulated by the integration of genetic and environmental cues. Despite the significance of these two traits in crop production, the relationship between them at the molecular level is still elusive, even with contradictory conclusions being reported. Some studies have proposed a positive correlation between seed dormancy and longevity in association with differences in seed coat permeability or seed reserve accumulation, whereas an increasing number of studies have highlighted a negative relationship, largely with respect to phytohormone-dependent pathways. In this review paper, we try to provide some insights into the interactions between regulatory mechanisms of genetic and environmental cues, which result in positive or negative relationships between seed dormancy and longevity. Finally, we conclude that further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for this apparently contradictory relationship between them is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, No. 45, Gaoxin South 9 Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Li Z, Luo X, Wang L, Shu K. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 mediates light-ABA/gibberellin crosstalk networks during seed germination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4674-4682. [PMID: 35522989 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate timing of seed germination is crucial for plant survival and has important implications for agricultural production. Timely germination relies on harmonious interactions between endogenous developmental signals, especially abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), and environmental cues such as light. Recently, a series of investigations of a three-way crosstalk between phytochromes, ABA, and GAs in the regulation of seed germination demonstrated that the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a central mediator in the light-ABA/GA cascades. Here, we review current knowledge of ABI5 as a key player in light-, ABA-, and GA-signaling pathways that precisely control seed germination. We highlight recent advances in ABI5-related studies, focusing on the regulation of seed germination, which is strictly controlled at both the transcriptional and the protein levels by numerous light-regulated factors. We further discuss the components of ABA and GA signaling pathways that could regulate ABI5 during seed germination, including transcription factors, E3 ligases, protein kinases, and phosphatases. The precise molecular mechanisms by which ABI5 mediates ABA-GA antagonistic crosstalk during seed germination are also discussed. Finally, some potential research hotspots underlying ABI5-mediated seed germination regulatory networks are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Li C, Dong S, Beckles DM, Miao H, Sun J, Liu X, Wang W, Zhang S, Gu X. The qLTG1.1 candidate gene CsGAI regulates low temperature seed germination in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2593-2607. [PMID: 35764690 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The CsGAI gene, identified by map-based, was involved in regulating seed germination in low temperature via the GA and ABA signaling pathways. Low temperature reduces the percentage of seeds germinating and delays seed germinating time, thus posing a threat to cucumber production. However, the molecular mechanism regulating low temperature germination in cucumber is unknown. We here dissected a major quantitative trait locus qLTG1.1 that controls seed germination at low temperature in cucumber. First, we fine-mapped qLTG1.1 to a 46.3-kb interval, containing three candidate genes. Sequence alignment and gene expression analysis identified Csa1G408720 as the gene of interest that was highly expressed in seeds, and encoded a highly conserved, low temperature-regulated DELLA family protein CsGAI. GUS expression analysis indicated that higher promoter activity underscored higher transcriptional expression of the CsGAI gene. Consistent with the known roles of GAI in ABA and GA signaling during germination, genes involved in the GA (CsGA2ox, CsGA3ox) and ABA biosynthetic pathways (CsABA1, CsABA2, CsAAO3 and CsNCED) were found to be differently regulated in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes under low temperatures, and this was reflected in differences in their ratio of GA-to-ABA. Based on these data, we proposed a working model explaining how CsGAI integrates the GA and ABA signaling pathways, to regulate cucumber seed germination at low temperature, thus providing new insights into this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoyun Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shield Avenue, Dav is Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Farooq MA, Ma W, Shen S, Gu A. Underlying Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms for Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158502. [PMID: 35955637 PMCID: PMC9369107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the burgeoning population of the world, the successful germination of seeds to achieve maximum crop production is very important. Seed germination is a precise balance of phytohormones, light, and temperature that induces endosperm decay. Abscisic acid and gibberellins—mainly with auxins, ethylene, and jasmonic and salicylic acid through interdependent molecular pathways—lead to the rupture of the seed testa, after which the radicle protrudes out and the endosperm provides nutrients according to its growing energy demand. The incident light wavelength and low and supra-optimal temperature modulates phytohormone signaling pathways that induce the synthesis of ROS, which results in the maintenance of seed dormancy and germination. In this review, we have summarized in detail the biochemical and molecular processes occurring in the seed that lead to the germination of the seed. Moreover, an accurate explanation in chronological order of how phytohormones inside the seed act in accordance with the temperature and light signals from outside to degenerate the seed testa for the thriving seed’s germination has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
149
|
Wang H, Zhou X, Liu C, Li W, Guo W. Suppression of GhGLU19 encoding β-1,3-glucanase promotes seed germination in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:357. [PMID: 35869418 PMCID: PMC9308338 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In eudicots, germination begins with water uptake by the quiescent dry seed and is greatly related to the permeability of micropyle enriched callose layers. Once imbibition starts, seeds undergo a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular events to initiate cellular activities. However, the effects of callose on water uptake and following seed metabolic events during germination are largely unknown. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a eudicot plant with natural fiber and edible oil production for humans. Here, we addressed this question by examining the role of GhGLU19, a gene encoding β-1,3-glucanase, in cotton seed germination. RESULTS GhGLU19 belongs to subfamily B and was expressed predominately in imbibed seeds and early seedlings. Compared to wild type, GhGLU19-suppressing and GhGLU19-overexpressing transgenic cotton lines showed the higher and lower seed germination percentage, respectively. Callose was enriched more at inner integument (ii) than that in embryo and seed coat in cotton seeds. In GhGLU19-suppressing lines, callose at ii of cotton seeds was greatly increased and brought about a prolonged water uptake process during imbibition. Both proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that contrary to GhGLU19-overexpressing lines, the glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism was decreased, and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis related genes were downregulated in imbibed seeds of GhGLU19-suppressing lines. Also, endogenous ABA was significantly decreased in GhGLU19-suppressing line while increased in GhGLU19-overexpressing line. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that suppression of GhGLU19 improves cotton seed germination via accumulating callose of inner integument, modulating glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism, and decreasing ABA biosynthesis. This study provides a potential way for improving germination percentage in cotton seed production, and other eudicot crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chuchu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Magnetopriming Actuates Nitric Oxide Synthesis to Regulate Phytohormones for Improving Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142174. [PMID: 35883617 PMCID: PMC9322440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-mediated induction of salinity tolerance in soybean seeds is established. The cross-talk of NO with germination-related hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) for their ability to reduce the Na+/K+ ratio in the seeds germinating under salinity is highlighted. Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment. The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions. NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction. The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity. A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity, while the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors [L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme) and DPI (diphenylene iodonium; NADPH oxidase inhibitor)]. The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds, suggesting homeostasis amongst hormones during germination under salinity. The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors. Altogether, our results indicate that a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio to offset the adverse effects of salinity in soybean seeds.
Collapse
|