101
|
Heller AS. Neural predictors of depression symptom course. Curr Opin Psychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
102
|
Mulders PC, van Eijndhoven PF, Schene AH, Beckmann CF, Tendolkar I. Resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:330-44. [PMID: 26234819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects multiple large-scale functional networks in the brain, which has initiated a large number of studies on resting-state functional connectivity in depression. We review these recent studies using either seed-based correlation or independent component analysis and propose a model that incorporates changes in functional connectivity within current hypotheses of network-dysfunction in MDD. Although findings differ between studies, consistent findings include: (1) increased connectivity within the anterior default mode network, (2) increased connectivity between the salience network and the anterior default mode network, (3) changed connectivity between the anterior and posterior default mode network and (4) decreased connectivity between the posterior default mode network and the central executive network. These findings correspond to the current understanding of depression as a network-based disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Huispost 961, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip F van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Huispost 961, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Huispost 961, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Huispost 961, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Crowther A, Smoski MJ, Minkel J, Moore T, Gibbs D, Petty C, Bizzell J, Schiller CE, Sideris J, Carl H, Dichter GS. Resting-state connectivity predictors of response to psychotherapy in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1659-73. [PMID: 25578796 PMCID: PMC4915248 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the heterogeneous symptom presentation and complex etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), functional neuroimaging studies have shown with remarkable consistency that dysfunction in mesocorticolimbic brain systems are central to the disorder. Relatively less research has focused on the identification of biological markers of response to antidepressant treatment that would serve to improve the personalized delivery of empirically supported antidepressant interventions. In the present study, we investigated whether resting-state functional brain connectivity (rs-fcMRI) predicted response to Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression, an empirically validated psychotherapy modality designed to increase engagement with rewarding stimuli and reduce avoidance behaviors. Twenty-three unmedicated outpatients with MDD and 20 matched nondepressed controls completed rs-fcMRI scans after which the MDD group received an average of 12 sessions of psychotherapy. The mean change in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores after psychotherapy was 12.04 points, a clinically meaningful response. Resting-state neuroimaging data were analyzed with a seed-based approach to investigate functional connectivity with four canonical resting-state networks: the default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the executive control network, and the salience network. At baseline, the MDD group was characterized by relative hyperconnectivity of multiple regions with precuneus, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seeds and by relative hypoconnectivity with intraparietal sulcus, anterior insula, and dACC seeds. Additionally, connectivity of the precuneus with the left middle temporal gyrus and connectivity of the dACC with the parahippocampal gyrus predicted the magnitude of pretreatment MDD symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that response to psychotherapy in the MDD group was predicted by pretreatment connectivity of the right insula with the right middle temporal gyrus and the left intraparietal sulcus with the orbital frontal cortex. These results add to the nascent body of literature investigating pretreatment rs-fcMRI predictors of antidepressant treatment response and is the first study to examine rs-fcMRI predictors of response to psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Crowther
- UNC Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Moria J Smoski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jared Minkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tyler Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Devin Gibbs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chris Petty
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Josh Bizzell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Edler Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sideris
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Carl
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel S Dichter
- UNC Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, CB 7155, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7155, USA, Tel: +1 919 445 0132, Fax: +1 919 966 2230, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Bartova L, Meyer BM, Diers K, Rabl U, Scharinger C, Popovic A, Pail G, Kalcher K, Boubela RN, Huemer J, Mandorfer D, Windischberger C, Sitte HH, Kasper S, Praschak-Rieder N, Moser E, Brocke B, Pezawas L. Reduced default mode network suppression during a working memory task in remitted major depression. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 64:9-18. [PMID: 25801734 PMCID: PMC4415908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient default mode network (DMN) suppression was linked to increased rumination in symptomatic Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Since rumination is known to predict relapse and a more severe course of MDD, we hypothesized that similar DMN alterations might also exist during full remission of MDD (rMDD), a condition known to be associated with increased relapse rates specifically in patients with adolescent onset. Within a cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study activation and functional connectivity (FC) were investigated in 120 adults comprising 78 drug-free rMDD patients with adolescent- (n = 42) and adult-onset (n = 36) as well as 42 healthy controls (HC), while performing the n-back task. Compared to HC, rMDD patients showed diminished DMN deactivation with strongest differences in the anterior-medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC), which was further linked to increased rumination response style. On a brain systems level, rMDD patients showed an increased FC between the amPFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which constitutes a key region of the antagonistic working-memory network. Both whole-brain analyses revealed significant differences between adolescent-onset rMDD patients and HC, while adult-onset rMDD patients showed no significant effects. Results of this study demonstrate that reduced DMN suppression exists even after full recovery of depressive symptoms, which appears to be specifically pronounced in adolescent-onset MDD patients. Our results encourage the investigation of DMN suppression as a putative predictor of relapse in clinical trials, which might eventually lead to important implications for antidepressant maintenance treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bartova
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard M. Meyer
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kersten Diers
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Scharinger
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Popovic
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Pail
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudius Kalcher
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland N. Boubela
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Huemer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Mandorfer
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Brocke
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Farinelli M, Panksepp J, Gestieri L, Maffei M, Agati R, Cevolani D, Pedone V, Northoff G. Do brain lesions in stroke affect basic emotions and attachment? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 37:595-613. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.991279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
106
|
Cognitive impairment induced by permanent bilateral common carotid occlusion exacerbates depression-related behavioral, biochemical, immunological and neuronal markers. Brain Res 2015; 1596:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
107
|
The neuroevolutionary sources of mind. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1075/aicr.92.09pan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
108
|
Early brain changes associated with psychotherapy in major depressive disorder revealed by resting-state fMRI: Evidence for the top-down regulation theory. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
109
|
Lipsman N, Nakao T, Kanayama N, Krauss JK, Anderson A, Giacobbe P, Hamani C, Hutchison WD, Dostrovsky JO, Womelsdorf T, Lozano AM, Northoff G. Neural overlap between resting state and self-relevant activity in human subcallosal cingulate cortex – Single unit recording in an intracranial study. Cortex 2014; 60:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
110
|
Singh MK, Gotlib IH. The neuroscience of depression: implications for assessment and intervention. Behav Res Ther 2014; 62:60-73. [PMID: 25239242 PMCID: PMC4253641 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders and is the single most burdensome disease worldwide. In attempting to understand the profound deficits that characterize MDD across multiple domains of functioning, researchers have identified aberrations in brain structure and function in individuals diagnosed with this disorder. In this review we synthesize recent data from human neuroimaging studies in presenting an integrated neural network framework for understanding the impairments experienced by individuals with MDD. We discuss the implications of these findings for assessment of and intervention for MDD. We conclude by offering directions for future research that we believe will advance our understanding of neural factors that contribute to the etiology and course of depression, and to recovery from this debilitating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Liu J, Ren L, Womer FY, Wang J, Fan G, Jiang W, Blumberg HP, Tang Y, Xu K, Wang F. Alterations in amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in treatment-naïve major depressive disorder measured with resting-state fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4979-88. [PMID: 24740815 PMCID: PMC6869357 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in major depressive disorder (MDD). Of these studies, functional connectivity analyses are mostly used. However, a new method based on the magnitude of low frequency fluctuation (LFF) during resting-state fMRI may provide important insight into MDD. In this study, we examined the amplitude of LFF (ALFF) within the whole brain during resting-state fMRI in 30 treatment-naïve MDD subjects and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects. When compared with HC, MDD subjects showed increased ALFF in the frontal cortex (including the bilateral ventral/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, premotor cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex, left dorsal lateral frontal cortex, left superior frontal cortex), basal ganglia (including the right putamen and left caudate nucleus), left insular cortex, right anterior entorhinal cortex and left inferior parietal cortex, together with decreased ALFF in the bilateral occipital cortex, cerebellum hemisphere, and right superior temporal cortex. These findings may relate to characteristics of MDD, such as excessive self-referential processing and deficits in cognitive control of emotional processing, which may contribute to the persistent and recurrent nature of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fay Y. Womer
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Jue Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Korgaonkar MS, Fornito A, Williams LM, Grieve SM. Abnormal structural networks characterize major depressive disorder: a connectome analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:567-74. [PMID: 24690111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been shown to be associated with a disrupted topological organization of functional brain networks. However, little is known regarding whether these changes have a structural basis. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables comprehensive whole-brain mapping of the white matter tracts that link regions distributed throughout the entire brain, the so-called human connectome. METHODS We examined whole-brain structural networks in a cohort of 95 MDD outpatients and 102 matched control subjects. Structural networks were represented by an 84 × 84 connectivity matrix representing probabilistic white matter connections between 84 parcellated cortical and subcortical regions using DTI tractography. Network-based statistics were used to assess differences in the interregional connectivity matrix between the two groups, and graph theory was used to examine overall topological organization. RESULTS Our network-based statistics analysis demonstrates lowered structural connectivity within two distinct brain networks that are present in depression: the first primarily involves the regions of the default mode network and the second comprises the frontal cortex, thalamus, and caudate regions that are central in emotional and cognitive processing. These two altered networks were observed in the context of an overall preservation of topology as reflected as no significant group differences for the graph-theory measures. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to use DTI to show the structural connectomic alterations present in MDD. Our findings highlight that altered structural connectivity between nodes of the default mode network and the frontal-thalamo-caudate regions are core neurobiological features associated with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Sydney
| | - Alex Fornito
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Why are cortical GABA neurons relevant to internal focus in depression? A cross-level model linking cellular, biochemical and neural network findings. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:966-977. [PMID: 25048001 PMCID: PMC4169738 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder whose symptomatology encompasses a critical shift in awareness, especially in the balance from external to internal mental focus. This is reflected by unspecific somatic symptoms and the predominance of the own cognitions manifested in increased self-focus and rumination. We posit here that sufficient empirical data has accumulated to build a coherent biologic model that links these psychologic concepts and symptom dimensions to observed biochemical, cellular, regional and neural network deficits. Specifically, deficits in inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid regulating excitatory cell input/output and local cell circuit processing of information in key brain regions may underlie the shift that is observed in depressed subjects in resting-state activities between the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This regional dysbalance translates at the network level in a dysbalance between default-mode and executive networks, which psychopathologically surfaces as a shift in focus from external to internal mental content and associated symptoms. We focus here on primary evidence at each of those levels and on putative mechanistic links between those levels. Apart from its implications for neuropsychiatric disorders, our model provides for the first time a set of hypotheses for cross-level mechanisms of how internal and external mental contents may be constituted and balanced in healthy subjects, and thus also contributes to the neuroscientific debate on the neural correlates of consciousness.
Collapse
|
114
|
Romero K, Black SE, Feinstein A. Differences in cerebral perfusion deficits in mild traumatic brain injury and depression using single-photon emission computed tomography. Front Neurol 2014; 5:158. [PMID: 25191305 PMCID: PMC4138441 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have shown decreased perfusion in the prefrontal cortex following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, similar hypoperfusion can also be observed in depression. Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms following mTBI, it is unclear to what extent depression influences hypoperfusion in TBI. Methods: Mild TBI patients without depressive symptoms (mTBI-noD, n = 39), TBI patients with depressive symptoms (mTBI-D, n = 13), and 15 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but no TBI were given 99m T-ECD single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans within 2 weeks of injury. All subjects completed tests of information processing speed, complex attention, and executive functioning, and a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of psychological distress. Between-group comparisons of quantified SPECT perfusion were undertaken using univariate and multivariate (partial least squares) analyses. Results: mTBI-D and mTBI-noD groups did not differ in terms of cerebral perfusion. However, patients with MDD showed hypoperfusion compared to both TBI groups in several frontal (orbitofrontal, middle frontal, and superior frontal cortex), superior temporal, and posterior cingulate regions. The mTBI-D group showed poorer performance on a measure of complex attention and working memory compared to both the mTBI-noD and MDD groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that depressive symptoms do not affect SPECT perfusion in the sub-acute phase following a mild TBI. Conversely, MDD is associated with hypoperfusion primarily in frontal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Romero
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, ON , Canada ; L. C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Synaptic modifications in the medial prefrontal cortex in susceptibility and resilience to stress. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7485-92. [PMID: 24872553 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5294-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
When facing stress, most individuals are resilient whereas others are prone to developing mood disorders. The brain mechanisms underlying such divergent behavioral responses remain unclear. Here we used the learned helplessness procedure in mice to examine the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region highly implicated in both clinical and animal models of depression, in adaptive and maladaptive behavioral responses to stress. We found that uncontrollable and inescapable stress induced behavioral state-dependent changes in the excitatory synapses onto a subset of mPFC neurons: those that were activated during behavioral responses as indicated by their expression of the activity reporter c-Fos. Whereas synaptic potentiation was linked to learned helplessness, a depression-like behavior, synaptic weakening, was associated with resilience to stress. Notably, enhancing the activity of mPFC neurons using a chemical-genetic method was sufficient to convert the resilient behavior into helplessness. Our results provide direct evidence that mPFC dysfunction is linked to maladaptive behavioral responses to stress, and suggest that enhanced excitatory synaptic drive onto mPFC neurons may underlie the previously reported hyperactivity of this brain region in depression.
Collapse
|
116
|
Kaiser RH, Andrews-Hanna JR, Spielberg JM, Warren SL, Sutton BP, Miller GA, Heller W, Banich MT. Distracted and down: neural mechanisms of affective interference in subclinical depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:654-63. [PMID: 25062838 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that depressed individuals have difficulty directing attention away from negative distractors, a phenomenon known as affective interference. However, findings are mixed regarding the neural mechanisms and network dynamics of affective interference. The present study addressed these issues by comparing neural activation during emotion-word and color-word Stroop tasks in participants with varying levels of (primarily subclinical) depression. Depressive symptoms predicted increased activation to negative distractors in areas of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), regions implicated in cognitive control and internally directed attention, respectively. Increased dACC activity was also observed in the group-average response to incongruent distractors, suggesting that dACC activity during affective interference is related to overtaxed cognitive control. In contrast, regions of PCC were deactivated across the group in response to incongruent distractors, suggesting that PCC activity during affective interference represents task-independent processing. A psychophysiological interaction emerged in which higher depression predicted more positively correlated activity between dACC and PCC during affective interference, i.e. greater connectivity between cognitive control and internal-attention systems. These findings suggest that, when individuals high in depression are confronted by negative material, increased attention to internal thoughts and difficulty shifting resources to the external world interfere with goal-directed behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roselinde H Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stacie L Warren
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Ang
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Associations of regional GABA and glutamate with intrinsic and extrinsic neural activity in humans—a review of multimodal imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:36-52. [PMID: 25066091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The integration of multiple imaging modalities is becoming an increasingly well used research strategy for studying the human brain. The neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA particularly lend themselves towards such studies. This is because these transmitters are ubiquitous throughout the cortex, where they are the key constituents of the inhibition/excitation balance, and because they can be easily measured in vivo through magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as with select positron emission tomography approaches. How these transmitters underly functional responses measured with techniques such as fMRI and EEG remains unclear though, and was the target of this review. Consistently shown in the literature was a negative correlation between GABA concentrations and stimulus-induced activity within the measured region. Also consistently found was a positive correlation between glutamate concentrations and inter-regional activity relationships, both during tasks and rest. These findings are outlined along with results from populations with mental disorders to give an overview of what brain imaging has suggested to date about the biochemical underpinnings of functional activity in health and disease. We conclude that the combination of functional and biochemical imaging in humans is an increasingly informative approach that does however require a number of key methodological and interpretive issues be addressed before can meet its potential.
Collapse
|
118
|
Sambataro F, Wolf ND, Pennuto M, Vasic N, Wolf RC. Revisiting default mode network function in major depression: evidence for disrupted subsystem connectivity. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2041-2051. [PMID: 24176176 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by alterations in brain function that are identifiable also during the brain's 'resting state'. One functional network that is disrupted in this disorder is the default mode network (DMN), a set of large-scale connected brain regions that oscillate with low-frequency fluctuations and are more active during rest relative to a goal-directed task. Recent studies support the idea that the DMN is not a unitary system, but rather is composed of smaller and distinct functional subsystems that interact with each other. The functional relevance of these subsystems in depression, however, is unclear. METHOD Here, we investigated the functional connectivity of distinct DMN subsystems and their interplay in depression using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS We show that patients with MDD exhibit increased within-network connectivity in posterior, ventral and core DMN subsystems along with reduced interplay from the anterior to the ventral DMN subsystems. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MDD is characterized by alterations of subsystems within the DMN as well as of their interactions. Our findings highlight a critical role of DMN circuitry in the pathophysiology of MDD, thus suggesting these subsystems as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Sambataro
- Brain Center for Motor and Social Cognition,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@UniPR,Parma,Italy
| | - N D Wolf
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany
| | - M Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology,University of Trento,Trento,Italy
| | - N Vasic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III,University of Ulm,Ulm,Germany
| | - R C Wolf
- Center of Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry,University of Heidelberg,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Gass N, Cleppien D, Zheng L, Schwarz AJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Vollmayr B, Weber-Fahr W, Sartorius A. Functionally altered neurocircuits in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression show prominent role of the habenula. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:381-90. [PMID: 24370074 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a pressing clinical problem. Optimizing treatment requires better definition of the function and specificity of the brain circuits involved. To investigate disease-related alterations of brain function we used a genetic animal model of TRD, congenital learned helplessness (cLH), and functional magnetic resonance imaging as a translational tool. High-resolution regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and resting-state functional connectivity measurements were acquired at 9.4T to determine regional dysfunction and interactions that could serve as vulnerability markers for TRD. Effects of cLH on rCBV were determined by statistical parametric mapping using 35 atlas-based regions of interest. Effects of cLH on functional connectivity were assessed by seed region analyses. Significant bilateral rCBV reductions were observed in the lateral habenula, dentate gyrus and subiculum of cLH rats. In contrast, focal bilateral increase in rCBV was observed in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), a component of the habenular neurocircuitry. Functional connectivity was primarily enhanced in cLH rats, most notably with respect to serotonergic projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the forebrain, within the hippocampal-prefrontal network and between the BNST and lateral frontal regions. Dysregulation of neurocircuitry similar to that observed in depressed patients was detected in cLH rats, supporting the validity of the TRD model and suitability of high-field fMRI as a translational technology to detect and monitor vulnerability markers. Our findings also define neurocircuits that can be studied for TRD treatment in patients, and could be employed for translational research in rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gass
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Cleppien
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lei Zheng
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adam James Schwarz
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Vollmayr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Manoliu A, Meng C, Brandl F, Doll A, Tahmasian M, Scherr M, Schwerthöffer D, Zimmer C, Förstl H, Bäuml J, Riedl V, Wohlschläger AM, Sorg C. Insular dysfunction within the salience network is associated with severity of symptoms and aberrant inter-network connectivity in major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 7:930. [PMID: 24478665 PMCID: PMC3896989 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by altered intrinsic functional connectivity within (intra-iFC) intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), such as the Default Mode- (DMN), Salience- (SN) and Central Executive Network (CEN). It has been proposed that aberrant switching between DMN-mediated self-referential and CEN-mediated goal-directed cognitive processes might contribute to MDD, possibly explaining patients' difficulties to disengage the processing of self-focused, often negatively biased thoughts. Recently, it has been shown that the right anterior insula (rAI) within the SN is modulating DMN/CEN interactions. Since structural and functional alterations within the AI have been frequently reported in MDD, we hypothesized that aberrant intra-iFC in the SN's rAI is associated with both aberrant iFC between DMN and CEN (inter-iFC) and severity of symptoms in MDD. Twenty-five patients with MDD and 25 healthy controls were assessed using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and psychometric examination. High-model-order independent component analysis (ICA) of rs-fMRI data was performed to identify ICNs including DMN, SN, and CEN. Intra-iFC within and inter-iFC between distinct subsystems of the DMN, SN, and CEN were calculated, compared between groups and correlated with the severity of symptoms. Patients with MDD showed (1) decreased intra-iFC within the SN's rAI, (2) decreased inter-iFC between the DMN and CEN, and (3) increased inter-iFC between the SN and DMN. Moreover, decreased intra-iFC in the SN's rAI was associated with severity of symptoms and aberrant DMN/CEN interactions, with the latter losing significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results provide evidence for a relationship between aberrant intra-iFC in the salience network's rAI, aberrant DMN/CEN interactions and severity of symptoms, suggesting a link between aberrant salience mapping, abnormal coordination of DMN/CEN based cognitive processes and psychopathology in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Munich Center for Neurosciences Brain & Mind, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Brandl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Anselm Doll
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Munich Center for Neurosciences Brain & Mind, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Scherr
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Schwerthöffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Förstl
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Bäuml
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin Riedl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Munich Center for Neurosciences Brain & Mind, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Afra M Wohlschläger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Salomons TV, Dunlop K, Kennedy SH, Flint A, Geraci J, Giacobbe P, Downar J. Resting-state cortico-thalamic-striatal connectivity predicts response to dorsomedial prefrontal rTMS in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:488-98. [PMID: 24150516 PMCID: PMC3870791 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite its high toll on society, there has been little recent improvement in treatment efficacy for major depressive disorder (MDD). The identification of biological markers of successful treatment response may allow for more personalized and effective treatment. Here we investigate whether resting-state functional connectivity predicted response to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Twenty-five individuals with treatment-refractory MDD underwent a 4-week course of dmPFC-rTMS. Before and after treatment, subjects received resting-state functional MRI scans and assessments of depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depresssion Rating Scale (HAMD17). We found that higher baseline cortico-cortical connectivity (dmPFC-subgenual cingulate and subgenual cingulate to dorsolateral PFC) and lower cortico-thalamic, cortico-striatal, and cortico-limbic connectivity were associated with better treatment outcomes. We also investigated how changes in connectivity over the course of treatment related to improvements in HAMD17 scores. We found that successful treatment was associated with increased dmPFC-thalamic connectivity and decreased subgenual cingulate cortex-caudate connectivity, Our findings provide insight into which individuals might respond to rTMS treatment and the mechanisms through which these treatments work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim V Salomons
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alastair Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Geraci
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Downar
- MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, University Health Network, 7M-432 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada, Tel: +416 603 5667, Fax: +416 603 5292, E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Panksepp J, Yovell Y. Preclinical modeling of primal emotional affects (Seeking, Panic and Play): gateways to the development of new treatments for depression. Psychopathology 2014; 47:383-93. [PMID: 25341411 DOI: 10.1159/000366208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian brains contain at least 7 primal emotional systems--Seeking, Rage, Fear, Lust, Care, Panic and Play (capitalization reflects a proposed primary-process terminology, to minimize semantic confusions and mereological fallacies). These systems help organisms feel affectively balanced (e.g. euthymic) and unbalanced (e.g. depressive, irritable, manic), providing novel insights for understanding human psychopathologies. Three systems are especially important for understanding depression: The separation distress (Panic) system mediates the psychic pain of separation distress (i.e. excessive sadness and grief), which can be counteracted by minimizing Panic arousals (as with low-dose opioids). Depressive dysphoria also arises from reduced brain reward-seeking and related play urges (namely diminished enthusiasm (Seeking) and joyful exuberance (Play) which promote sustained amotivational states). We describe how an understanding of these fundamental emotional circuits can promote the development of novel antidepressive therapeutics--(i) low-dose buprenorphine to counteract depression and suicidal ideation emanating from too much psychic pain (Panic overarousal), (ii) direct stimulation of the Seeking system to counteract amotivational dysphoria, and (iii) the discovery and initial clinical testing of social-joy-promoting molecules derived from the analysis of the Play system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Panksepp
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Duncan NW, Wiebking C, Muñoz-Torres Z, Northoff G. How to investigate neuro-biochemical relationships on a regional level in humans? Methodological considerations for combining functional with biochemical imaging. J Neurosci Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
124
|
Northoff G. How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms. Psychopathology 2014; 47:365-76. [PMID: 25300727 DOI: 10.1159/000363351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The self is central in our experience and has often been assumed to be necessary for any kind of consciousness in philosophy. Recent investigations in neuroscience demonstrate a particular set of regions such as the cortical midline regions to be associated with the processing of stimuli specifically related to the self as distinguished from those remaining unrelated to the self. Furthermore, findings show a close overlap between self-related activity and high levels of resting state activity in especially anterior midline regions. Interestingly, recent findings in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia show resting state abnormalities in exactly these regions, that is in the cortical midline structures. Based on phenomenal and neural observations, I here suggest a neurophenomenal approach that directly links neuronal and phenomenal features (without sandwiching cognitive or sensorimotor functions) to psychopathological symptoms of self in depression and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Nejad AB, Fossati P, Lemogne C. Self-referential processing, rumination, and cortical midline structures in major depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:666. [PMID: 24124416 PMCID: PMC3794427 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is associated with a bias toward negative emotional processing and increased self-focus, i.e., the process by which one engages in self-referential processing. The increased self-focus in depression is suggested to be of a persistent, repetitive and self-critical nature, and is conceptualized as ruminative brooding. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in self-referential processing has been previously emphasized in acute major depression. There is increasing evidence that self-referential processing as well as the cortical midline structures play a major role in the development, course, and treatment response of major depressive disorder. However, the links between self-referential processing, rumination, and the cortical midline structures in depression are still poorly understood. Here, we reviewed brain imaging studies in depressed patients and healthy subjects that have examined these links. Self-referential processing in major depression seems associated with abnormally increased activity of the anterior cortical midline structures. Abnormal interactions between the lateralized task-positive network, and the midline cortical structures of the default mode network, as well as the emotional response network, may underlie the pervasiveness of ruminative brooding. Furthermore, targeting this maladaptive form of rumination and its underlying neural correlates may be key for effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayna Baladi Nejad
- AP-HP, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte et du Sujet Âgé, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest , Paris , France ; USR 3246, CR-ICM, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris-VI , Paris , France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Yue Y, Yuan Y, Hou Z, Jiang W, Bai F, Zhang Z. Abnormal functional connectivity of amygdala in late-onset depression was associated with cognitive deficits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75058. [PMID: 24040385 PMCID: PMC3769296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with decreased function of cortico-limbic circuits, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of MDD. Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) with the amygdala, which is involved in cortico-limbic circuits, has also been observed in MDD. However, little is known about connectivity alterations in late-onset depression (LOD) or whether disrupted connectivity is correlated with cognitive impairment in LOD. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of twenty-two LOD patients and twenty-two matched healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological tests and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and FC with bilateral amygdala seeds were used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI data between two groups. Compared with HC, LOD patients showed decreased ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. In the LOD group, the left amygdala had decreased FC with the right middle frontal gyrus and the left superior frontal gyrus in the amygdala positive network, and it had increased FC with the right post-central gyrus in the amygdala negative network. However, significantly reduced FC with the right amygdala was observed in the right middle occipital gyrus in the amygdala negative network. Further correlative analyses revealed that decreased FC between the amygdala and the right middle occipital gyrus was negatively correlated with the verbal fluency test (VFT, r = -0.485, P = 0.022) and the digit span test (DST, r = -0.561, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings of reduced activity of the prefrontal gyrus and abnormal FC with the bilateral amygdala may be key markers of cognitive dysfunction in LOD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yue
- The Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- The Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, The 4th People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- The Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- The Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- The Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Panksepp J, Panksepp JB. Toward a cross-species understanding of empathy. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:489-96. [PMID: 23746460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although signs of empathy have now been well documented in non-human primates, only during the past few years have systematic observations suggested that a primal form of empathy exists in rodents. Thus, the study of empathy in animals has started in earnest. Here we review recent studies indicating that rodents are able to share states of fear, and highlight how affective neuroscience approaches to the study of primary-process emotional systems can help to delineate how primal empathy is constituted in mammalian brains. Cross-species evolutionary approaches to understanding the neural circuitry of emotional 'contagion' or 'resonance' between nearby animals, together with the underlying neurochemistries, may help to clarify the origins of human empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Panksepp
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Abstract
In response to queries about whether brain imaging technology has reached the point where it is useful for making a clinical diagnosis and for helping to guide treatment selection, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has recently written a position paper on the Clinical Application of Brain Imaging in Psychiatry. The following perspective piece is based on our contribution to this APA position paper, which specifically emphasized the application of neuroimaging in mood disorders. We present an introductory overview of the challenges faced by researchers in developing valid and reliable biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, followed by a synopsis of the extant neuroimaging findings in mood disorders, and an evidence-based review of the current research on brain imaging biomarkers in adult mood disorders. Although there are a number of promising results, by the standards proposed below, we argue that there are currently no brain imaging biomarkers that are clinically useful for establishing diagnosis or predicting treatment outcome in mood disorders.
Collapse
|
129
|
Glutamate concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts resting-state cortical-subcortical functional connectivity in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60312. [PMID: 23573246 PMCID: PMC3616113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cortical and subcortical regions is integral to a wide range of psychological processes and has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions. Studies in animals have provided insight into the biochemical and connectivity processes underlying such communication. However, to date no experiments that link these factors in humans in vivo have been carried out. To investigate the role of glutamate in individual differences in communication between the cortex--specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)--and subcortical regions in humans, a combination of resting-state fMRI, DTI and MRS was performed. The subcortical target regions were the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsomedial thalamus (DMT), and periaqueductal grey (PAG). It was found that functional connectivity between the mPFC and each of the NAc and DMT was positively correlated with mPFC glutamate concentrations, whilst functional connectivity between the mPFC and PAG was negatively correlated with glutamate concentration. The correlations involving mPFC glutamate and FC between the mPFC and each of the DMT and PAG were mirrored by correlations with structural connectivity, providing evidence that the glutamatergic relationship may, in part, be due to direct connectivity. These results are in agreement with existing results from animal studies and may have relevance for MDD and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
130
|
Farinelli M, Panksepp J, Gestieri L, Leo MR, Agati R, Maffei M, Leonardi M, Northoff G. SEEKING and depression in stroke patients: An exploratory study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:348-58. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.776009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
131
|
Kühn S, Gallinat J. Resting-state brain activity in schizophrenia and major depression: a quantitative meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:358-65. [PMID: 22080493 PMCID: PMC3576173 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic activity of the brain during resting-state is not random and is currently discussed as a neural reflection of self-referential processing. Self-reference is typically reduced in schizophrenia as a disorder of the self while extensive self-attribution of, eg, negative thoughts is characteristic for major depression. However, a quantitative meta-analysis targeting the resting-state brain activity in both disorders is lacking. Here, we predict primarily abnormal resting-state activity in brain regions related to self-referential processing. By means of activation likelihood estimation (ALE) on functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies, we investigated concurrence of hyperactivation and hypoactivation in resting-state measurements of schizophrenic and depressed patients compared with healthy controls. We found hypoactivation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), left hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, lower precueus and the precuneus, and hyperactivation in bilateral lingual gyrus of schizophrenic patients. In major depression, we found hyperactivation in vmPFC, left ventral striatum, and left thalamus and hypoactivation in left postcentral gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and left insula. An overall ALE analysis confirmed the proximity of hypoactivation in schizophrenia and hyperactivation in major depression in the vmPFC.The opposing resting-state activity in vmPFC for the 2 disorders is in line with the different expression of dysfunctional self-reference as core characteristics of schizophrenia and major depression. The vmPFC has previously been identified as a crucial area for self-referential processing and may represent a target to increase the diagnostic validity of resting-state activity for disorders with dysfunctions of the self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kühn
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Fan T, Wu X, Yao L, Dong J. Abnormal baseline brain activity in suicidal and non-suicidal patients with major depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
133
|
Otti A, Guendel H, Henningsen P, Zimmer C, Wohlschlaeger AM, Noll-Hussong M. Functional network connectivity of pain-related resting state networks in somatoform pain disorder: an exploratory fMRI study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:57-65. [PMID: 22894821 PMCID: PMC3529220 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without stimulation, the human brain spontaneously produces highly organized, low-frequency fluctuations of neural activity in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Furthermore, without adequate explanatory nociceptive input, patients with somatoform pain disorder experience pain symptoms, thus implicating a central dysregulation of pain homeostasis. The present study aimed to test whether interactions among pain-related ICNs, such as the default mode network (DMN), cingular-insular network (CIN) and sensorimotor network (SMN), are altered in somatoform pain during resting conditions. METHODS Patients with somatoform pain disorder and healthy controls underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging that lasted 370 seconds. Using a data-driven approach, the ICNs were isolated, and the functional network connectivity (FNC) was computed. RESULTS Twenty-one patients and 19 controls enrolled in the study. Significant FNC (p < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate) was detected between the CIN and SMN/anterior DMN, the anterior DMN and posterior DMN/SMN, and the posterior DMN and SMN. Interestingly, no group differences in FNC were detected. LIMITATIONS The most important limitation of this study was the relatively short resting state paradigm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our results demonstrated for the first time the resting FNC among pain-related ICNs. However, our results suggest that FNC signatures alone are not able to characterize the putative central dysfunction underpinning somatoform pain disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otti
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Guendel
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Afra M. Wohlschlaeger
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Noll-Hussong
- Otti, Zimmer, Wohlschlaeger — Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Otti, Henningsen — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen; Guendel, Noll-Hussong — Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Northoff G. What the brain's intrinsic activity can tell us about consciousness? A tri-dimensional view. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 37:726-38. [PMID: 23253946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current neuroscience applies a bi-dimensional model to consciousness. Content and level of consciousness have been distinguished from each other in their underlying neuronal mechanisms. This though leaves open the role of the brain's intrinsic activity and its particular temporal and spatial structure in consciousness. I here review and investigate the spatial and temporal features of the brain's intrinsic activity in detail and postulate what I describe as spatiotemporal structure that implies a virtual (e.g., statistically based) spatiotemporal continuity. Such spatiotemporal continuity is supposed to structure and organize the neural processing of the incoming extrinsic stimuli and their potential association with consciousness. I therefore conclude that the current bi-dimensional view of consciousness focusing only on content and level may need to be complemented by a third dimension, the form, e.g., spatiotemporal structure, as provided by the intrinsic activity. In short, I here opt for tri-rather than bi-dimensional view of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Burghy CA, Stodola DE, Ruttle PL, Molloy EK, Armstrong JM, Oler JA, Fox ME, Hayes AS, Kalin NH, Essex MJ, Davidson RJ, Birn RM. Developmental pathways to amygdala-prefrontal function and internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:1736-41. [PMID: 23143517 PMCID: PMC3509229 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis predict later psychopathology. Animal studies and cross-sectional human studies suggest that this process might operate through amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) circuitry implicated in the regulation of emotion. Here we prospectively investigated the roles of ELS and childhood basal cortisol amounts in the development of adolescent resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), assessed by functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), in the amygdala-PFC circuit. In females only, greater ELS predicted increased childhood cortisol levels, which predicted decreased amygdala-vmPFC rs-FC 14 years later. For females, adolescent amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity was inversely correlated with concurrent anxiety symptoms but positively associated with depressive symptoms, suggesting differing pathways from childhood cortisol levels function through adolescent amygdala-vmPFC functional connectivity to anxiety and depression. These data highlight that, for females, the effects of ELS and early HPA-axis function may be detected much later in the intrinsic processing of emotion-related brain circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory A Burghy
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
α Power, α asymmetry and anterior cingulate cortex activity in depressed males and females. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1483-91. [PMID: 22939462 PMCID: PMC3463760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Left fronto-cortical hypoactivity, thought to reflect reduced activity in approach-related systems, and right parietal hypoactivity, associated with emotional under-arousal, have been noted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Altered theta activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has also been associated with the disorder. We assessed resting frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry and power in non-medicated MDD (N = 53; 29 females) and control (N = 43; 23 females) individuals. Theta activity was examined using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in the ACC [BA24ab and BA32 comprising the rostral ACC and BA25/subgenual (sg) ACC]. The MDD group, and particularly depressed males, displayed increased overall frontal and parietal alpha power and left midfrontal hypoactivity (alpha(2)-indexed). They also exhibited increased sgACC theta(2) activity. MDD females had increased right parietal activity, suggesting increased emotive arousal. Thus, unmedicated depressed adults were characterized by lower activity in regions implicated in approach/positive affective tendencies as well as diffuse cortical hypoarousal, though sex specific modulations emerged. Altered theta in the sgACC may reflect emotion regulation abnormalities in MDD.
Collapse
|
137
|
Enzi B, Duncan NW, Kaufmann J, Tempelmann C, Wiebking C, Northoff G. Glutamate modulates resting state activity in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex - a combined fMRI-MRS study. Neuroscience 2012; 227:102-9. [PMID: 23022216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC) shows high resting state activity and is considered part of the default-mode network (DMN). However, the biochemical underpinnings of the PACC's high resting state activity remain unclear. While animal-based evidence points toward a role for the glutamatergic system, the modulation of the resting state activity level by itself as distinguished from stimulus-induced activity remains to be shown in humans. Using combined fMRI-MRS in healthy subjects, we here demonstrate that the PACC resting state concentration of glutamate is directly related to the level of resting state activity in the same region. In contrast, no such relationship could be detected during the anticipation of reward and punishment, nor in an independent control region (the left anterior insula). Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time the modulation of the PACC resting state activity level by the concentration of glutamate in the same regions. This contributes to a better understanding of the biochemical basis for the brain's resting state activity as well as providing some clues regarding its apparent pathological upregulation in psychiatric disorders like the major depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Enzi
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Gene, brains, and environment-genetic neuroimaging of depression. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 23:133-42. [PMID: 22995550 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Depression, conceptualized as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a complex psychiatric disorder with multiple behavioral changes and alterations in various brain regions. Biochemically, serotonin and others substances like GABA, glutamate, norepinephrin, adrenaline/noradrenaline play an essential role in the pathogenesis of MDD. The paper reviews recent human neuroimaging findings on how the genes underlying these biochemical substances modulate neural activity, behavior, and ultimately clinical symptoms. Current data provide solid evidence that genes related to serotonin impact emotion-related neural activity in the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. By contrast, evidence is not as strong for genes related to biochemical substances other than serotonin and other regions of the brain. The review concludes with discussing future genetic, neural, and clinical challenges that point out the central role of gene × environment and brain × environment interactions as genetic and neural predispositions of depression.
Collapse
|
139
|
Yokoyama C, Kawasaki A, Hayashi T, Onoe H. Linkage between the midline cortical serotonergic system and social behavior traits: positron emission tomography studies of common marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2136-45. [PMID: 22791806 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is known to play an important role not only in regulating emotional behaviors, but also in the formation of social behavior traits. To determine the location and serotonin function of brain areas involved in social behavior traits, we tested serotonin transporter (SERT) binding and neural activity linked with the social behaviors of common marmosets with positron emission tomography using [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimetylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively. Factor analysis of behavioral measures during a direct encounter between unfamiliar adult males identified three classes of social behavioral traits: (1) aggressive, (2) anxious, and (3) unfriendly (opposite of friendly). Voxel-based analysis revealed a significant association between SERT binding with the social behavioral traits in the midline cortical subregions. Aggressive and friendly traits are localized to the posterior cingulate cortex, and the anxious trait is localized to the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, neural activity and functional connectivity of the posterior and anterior cingulate cortices appear to be altered depending on the social situation. These results suggest that the midline cortical serotonergic system is crucial in social behavior traits and its subregions are functionally segregated in socio-emotional processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yokoyama
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Williamson PC, Allman JM. A framework for interpreting functional networks in schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:184. [PMID: 22737116 PMCID: PMC3380255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Some promising genetic correlates of schizophrenia have emerged in recent years but none explain more than a small fraction of cases. The challenge of our time is to characterize the neuronal networks underlying schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric illnesses. Early models of schizophrenia have been limited by the ability to readily evaluate large-scale networks in living patients. With the development of resting state and advanced structural magnetic resonance imaging, it has become possible to do this. While we are at an early stage, a number of models of intrinsic brain networks have been developed to account for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews the recent voxel-based morphometry (VBM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging literature in light of the proposed networks underlying these disorders. It is suggested that there is support for recently proposed models that suggest a pivotal role for the salience network. However, the interactions of this network with the default mode network and executive control networks are not sufficient to explain schizophrenic symptoms or distinguish them from other neuropsychiatric disorders. Alternatively, it is proposed that schizophrenia arises from a uniquely human brain network associated with directed effort including the dorsal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), auditory cortex, and hippocampus while mood disorders arise from a different brain network associated with emotional encoding including the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbital frontal cortex, and amygdala. Both interact with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and a representation network including the frontal and temporal poles and the fronto-insular cortex, allowing the representation of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of self and others across time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Williamson
- Tanna Schulich Chair in Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Jung S, Lee Y, Kim G, Son H, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Kim HJ. Decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteins and trophic factors in the amygdala complex of depressed mice after chronic immobilization stress. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:58. [PMID: 22672618 PMCID: PMC3423000 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amygdala plays an essential role in controlling emotional behaviors and has numerous connections to other brain regions. The functional role of the amygdala has been highlighted by various studies of stress-induced behavioral changes. Here we investigated gene expression changes in the amygdala in the chronic immobilization stress (CIS)-induced depression model. Results Eight genes were decreased in the amygdala of CIS mice, including genes for neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. Among these, osteoglycin, fibromodulin, insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (Igfbp2) were further analyzed for histological expression changes. The expression of osteoglycin and fibromodulin simultaneously decreased in the medial, basolateral, and central amygdala regions. However, Igf2 and Igfbp2 decreased specifically in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Interestingly, this decrease was found only in the amygdala of mice showing higher immobility, but not in mice displaying lower immobility, although the CIS regimen was the same for both groups. Conclusions These results suggest that the responsiveness of the amygdala may play a role in the sensitivity of CIS-induced behavioral changes in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soonwoong Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Somatic depressive symptoms, vital exhaustion, and fatigue: divergent validity of overlapping constructs. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:442-5. [PMID: 22685237 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31825f30c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
143
|
Marchetti I, Koster EHW, Sonuga-Barke EJ, De Raedt R. The default mode network and recurrent depression: a neurobiological model of cognitive risk factors. Neuropsychol Rev 2012; 22:229-51. [PMID: 22569771 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-012-9199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A neurobiological account of cognitive vulnerability for recurrent depression is presented based on recent developments of resting state neural networks. We propose that alterations in the interplay between task positive (TP) and task negative (TN) elements of the Default Mode Network (DMN) act as a neurobiological risk factor for recurrent depression mediated by cognitive mechanisms. In the framework, depression is characterized by an imbalance between TN-TP components leading to an overpowering of TP by TN activity. The TN-TP imbalance is associated with a dysfunctional internally-focused cognitive style as well as a failure to attenuate TN activity in the transition from rest to task. Thus we propose the TN-TP imbalance as overarching neural mechanism involved in crucial cognitive risk factors for recurrent depression, namely rumination, impaired attentional control, and cognitive reactivity. During remission the TN-TP imbalance persists predisposing to vulnerability of recurrent depression. Empirical data to support this model is reviewed. Finally, we specify how this framework can guide future research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marchetti
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Northoff G. Psychoanalysis and the brain - why did freud abandon neuroscience? Front Psychol 2012; 3:71. [PMID: 22485098 PMCID: PMC3317371 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, was initially a neuroscientist but abandoned neuroscience completely after he made a last attempt to link both in his writing, "Project of a Scientific Psychology," in 1895. The reasons for his subsequent disregard of the brain remain unclear though. I here argue that one central reason may be that the approach to the brain during his time was simply not appealing to Freud. More specifically, Freud was interested in revealing the psychological predispositions of psychodynamic processes. However, he was not so much focused on the actual psychological functions themselves which though were the prime focus of the neuroscience at his time and also in current Cognitive Neuroscience. Instead, he probably would have been more interested in the brain's resting state and its constitution of a spatiotemporal structure. I here assume that the resting state activity constitutes a statistically based virtual structure extending and linking the different discrete points in time and space within the brain. That in turn may serve as template, schemata, or grid for all subsequent neural processing during stimulus-induced activity. As such the resting state' spatiotemporal structure may serve as the neural predisposition of what Freud described as "psychological structure." Hence, Freud and also current neuropsychoanalysis may want to focus more on neural predispositions, the necessary non-sufficient conditions, rather than the neural correlates, i.e., sufficient, conditions of psychodynamic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health CentreOttawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Hu Z, Liu H, Weng X, Northoff G. Is there a valence-specific pattern in emotional conflict in major depressive disorder? An exploratory psychological study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31983. [PMID: 22363782 PMCID: PMC3282781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) clinically exhibit a deficit in positive emotional processing and are often distracted by especially negative emotional stimuli. Such emotional-cognitive interference in turn hampers the cognitive abilities of patients in their ongoing task. While the psychological correlates of such emotional conflict have been well identified in healthy subjects, possible alterations of emotional conflict in depressed patients remain to be investigated. We conducted an exploratory psychological study to investigate emotional conflict in MDD. We also distinguished depression-related stimuli from negative stimuli in order to check whether the depression-related distractors will induce enhanced conflict in MDD. Methods A typical word-face Stroop paradigm was adopted. In order to account for valence-specificities in MDD, we included positive and general negative as well as depression-related words in the study. Results MDD patients demonstrated a specific pattern of emotional conflict clearly distinguishable from the healthy control group. In MDD, the positive distractor words did not significantly interrupt the processing of the negative target faces, while they did in healthy subjects. On the other hand, the depression-related distractor words induced significant emotional conflict to the positive target faces in MDD patients but not in the healthy control group. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated for the first time an altered valence-specific pattern in emotional conflict in MDD patients. The study sheds a novel and specific light on the affective mechanisms underlying the abnormal emotional-cognitive interference in MDD. Such emotional conflict bears important clinical relevance since it may trigger the widespread cognitive dysfunctions frequently observed in MDD. The present findings may have important clinical implications in both prediction and psychotherapy of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Hu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Wright JS, Panksepp J. An Evolutionary Framework to Understand Foraging, Wanting, and Desire: The Neuropsychology of the SEEKING System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15294145.2012.10773683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
147
|
|
148
|
Panksepp J, Solms M. What is neuropsychoanalysis? Clinically relevant studies of the minded brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 16:6-8. [PMID: 22153583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Panksepp
- Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being, Department of Veterinary & Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Alcaro A, Panksepp J. The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1805-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
150
|
The basic emotional circuits of mammalian brains: Do animals have affective lives? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1791-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|