101
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Eldesouky I, El-Hofy H, Harrysson O. Research: Design and Analysis of a Low-Stiffness Porous Hip Stem. Biomed Instrum Technol 2018; 51:474-482. [PMID: 29161121 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-51.6.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two major problems are associated with total hip replacement: 1) stress shielding and 2) the adverse tissue reaction to certain elements of the implant material. In this regard, a porous implant provides lower stiffness and vacancies for bone ingrowth, making it more suitable for the human bone compared with a solid stem. Moreover, second-generation titanium biomedical alloys, such as TNZT (Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta) and TMZF (Ti12Mo6Zr2Fe), have been introduced to prevent the adverse tissue reactions related to aluminum and vanadium elements of the popular Ti6Al4V alloy. In the current work, an analysis was performed based on uniaxial compression testing of cubic Ti6Al4V structures of different porosities to predict the governing equations that relate the relative density of the structure to the mechanical properties of the structure according to the Gibson-Ashby model. A numerical study was conducted to evaluate the change in stress distribution obtained by incorporating the new titanium alloys in porous hip stem implants. Implants modeled with the mechanical properties of TNZT and TMZF showed a minimum safety factor of 1.69 and 3.02, respectively, with respect to the yield strength. The results demonstrated an increase in the equivalent von Mises stresses and maximum principal elastic strain up to 7% and 15%, respectively, compared with the porous Ti6Al4V implant and up to 108% and 156%, respectively, compared with the solid Ti6Al4V implant.
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102
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103
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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104
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Inan-Eroglu E, Ayaz A. Is aluminum exposure a risk factor for neurological disorders? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:51. [PMID: 30057635 PMCID: PMC6040147 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_921_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is widely found in the nature. Although the relation between Al and neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial, Al is related with many brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Al exposure occurs mainly through environment, occupational, and dietary factors for humans. Al exposure with diet can be through foods, food additives, water, and contamination of Al equipment/utensils. The aim of this review is to summarize various hypotheses, which link Al and neurodegeneration, and to determine the roles of Al exposure through different sources including diet, environment, and occupation. Future studies should be done in vulnerable subgroups of population including children, patients receiving antacid or Al-containing pharmeteucials on a daily basis, patients with reduced renal function, and patients on parenteral nutrition regimens that are likely to be affected by possible adverse health effects of Al. In addition, gender, age, and Al interactions need to be determined. One of the most important challanges in future epidemiological studies is to determine which variables should be controlled. In addition, experimental studies should be more focused and translational. In this context, exposure dose, dose-response effects, and time lapse between exposures and cognitive assessments are very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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105
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Alexandrov PN, Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. Synergism in aluminum and mercury neurotoxicity. INTEGRATIVE FOOD, NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018; 5:10.15761/IFNM.1000214. [PMID: 29938114 PMCID: PMC6013271 DOI: 10.15761/ifnm.1000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum and mercury are common neurotoxic contaminants in our environment - from the air we breathe to the water that we drink to the foods that we eat. It is remarkable that to date neither of these two well-established environmental neurotoxins (i.e. those having a general toxicity towards brain cells) and genotoxins (those agents which exhibit directed toxicity toward the genetic apparatus) have been critically studied, nor have their neurotoxicities been evaluated in human neurobiology or in cells of the human central nervous system (CNS). In this paper we report the effects of added aluminum [sulfate; Al₂(SO₄)₃] and/or mercury [sulfate; HgSO4] to human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary co-culture using the evolution of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65) complex as a critical indicator for the onset of inflammatory neurodegeneration and pathogenic inflammatory signaling. As indexed by significant induction of the NF-kB (p50/p65) complex the results indicate: (i) a notable increase in pro-inflammatory signaling imparted by each of these two environmental neurotoxins toward HNG cells in the ambient 20-200 nM range; and (ii) a significant synergism in the neurotoxicity when aluminum (sulfate) and mercury (sulfate) were added together. This is the first report on the neurotoxic effects of aluminum sulfate and/or mercury sulfate on the initiation of inflammatory signaling in human brain cells in primary culture. The effects aluminum+mercury together on other neurologically important signaling molecules or the effects of other combinations of common environmental metallic neurotoxins to human neurobiology currently remain not well understood but certainly warrant additional investigation and further study in laboratory animals, in human primary tissue cultures of CNS cells, and in other neurobiologically realistic experimental test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 113152, Russia
- Alchem Biotek Research, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
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106
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Design of a colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of Al(III). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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107
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Radovanovic Z, Djindjic B, Dzopalic T, Veljkovic A, Dunjic M, Krstic D, Djindjic N, Nedeljkovic BB. Effect of silicon-rich water intake on the systemic and peritoneal inflammation of rats with chronic low levels of aluminum ingestion. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:96-102. [PMID: 29413116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Study evaluated effect of silicon-rich water intake on systemic inflammation and functional characteristics of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of rats that were chronically exposed to dietary aluminum. METHODS One month-old female Wistar Albino rats were administered aluminum chloride dissolved in distilled water (1.6mg/kg body weight in 0.5mL) by gavage for 90days. The rats were then given standard (6mg/L) or silicon-rich water (19mg/L silicon) (n=7/group). Control rats underwent sham gavage and received standard or silicon-rich water (n=7/group). Blood was assessed for cytokine levels. Unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PMs were assessed in terms of phagocytic activity and cytokine secretion in vitro. RESULTS Chronic exposition to dietary aluminum and silicon-rich drinking water did not change serum TNF-α levels. Aluminum increased serum IL-2 and this was reversed by silicon-rich water. The aluminum-exposed rats had higher serum sICAM-1 than sham-gavaged, unrelated to type of water. LPS-stimulated PMs from aluminum-intoxicated animals exhibited low phagocytic activity and release of TNF-α, this was significantly improved by silicon-rich water intake. In the presence of silicon-rich water, LPS-stimulated and unstimulated PMs from aluminum-exposed rats produced significantly more IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Chronic ingestion of aluminum, increases systemic and peritoneal inflammation and PM dysfunction. The presence of high levels of the natural aluminum antagonist silicon in the drinking water restored IL-10 and TNF-α PM secretion, preventing prolonged inflammation. Thus, silicon intake can decrease the immunotoxicity of aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Radovanovic
- Institute of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Djindjic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Dzopalic
- Institute of Biomedical research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Andrej Veljkovic
- Institute of Biomedical research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Krstic
- Faculty of Occupational Safety, University of Nis, Serbia
| | - Natasa Djindjic
- Institute of Biomedical research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
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108
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Sun H. Association of soil selenium, strontium, and magnesium concentrations with Parkinson's disease mortality rates in the USA. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:349-357. [PMID: 28176196 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the 41 soil elements analyzed from 4856 sites across the contiguous 48 states, average Parkinson's disease (PD) mortality rates between 1999 and 2014 have the most significant positive correlation with the average soil strontium (Sr) concentrations (correlation r = 0.47, significance level p = 0.00), and average PD mortality rates have the most significant inverse correlation with the average soil selenium (Se) concentrations (r = -0.44, p = 0.00). Multivariate regression models indicate that soil Sr and Se concentrations can explain 35.4% of spatial disparities of the state average PD mortality rates between 1999 and 2014 (R 2 = 0.354). When the five outlier states were removed from the model, concentrations of soil Sr and Se can explain 62.4% (R 2 = 0.624) of the spatial disparities of PD mortality rates of the 43 remaining states. The results also indicate that high soil magnesium (Mg) concentrations suppressed the growth rate of the PD mortality rates between 1999 and 2014 in the 48 states (r = -0.42, p = 0.000). While both Se and Sr have been reported to affect the nervous system, this study is the first study that reported the statistically significant association between the PD mortality rates and soil concentrations of Se, Sr, and Mg in the 48 states. Given that soil elemental concentration in a region is broad indicator of the trace element intake from food, water, and air by people, implications of the results are that high soil Se and Mg concentrations helped reduce the PD mortality rates and benefited the PD patients in the 48 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Sun
- Center for Healthcare Studies, GEMS Department, Rider University, 2083 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA.
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109
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Liang R. Cross Talk Between Aluminum and Genetic Susceptibility and Epigenetic Modification in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1091:173-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1370-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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110
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de Meyer CMC, Rodríguez JM, Carpio EA, García PA, Stengel C, Berg M. Arsenic, manganese and aluminum contamination in groundwater resources of Western Amazonia (Peru). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1437-1450. [PMID: 28763940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a first integrated survey on the occurrence and distribution of geogenic contaminants in groundwater resources of Western Amazonia in Peru. An increasing number of groundwater wells have been constructed for drinking water purposes in the last decades; however, the chemical quality of the groundwater resources in the Amazon region is poorly studied. We collected groundwater from the regions of Iquitos and Pucallpa to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics, including trace elements. The source aquifer of each well was determined by interpretation of the available geological information, which identified four different aquifer types with distinct hydrochemical properties. The majority of the wells in two of the aquifer types tap groundwater enriched in aluminum, arsenic, or manganese at levels harmful to human health. Holocene alluvial aquifers along the main Amazon tributaries with anoxic, near pH-neutral groundwater contained high concentrations of arsenic (up to 700μg/L) and manganese (up to 4mg/L). Around Iquitos, the acidic groundwater (4.2≤pH≤5.5) from unconfined aquifers composed of pure sand had dissolved aluminum concentrations of up to 3.3mg/L. Groundwater from older or deeper aquifers generally was of good chemical quality. The high concentrations of toxic elements highlight the urgent need to assess the groundwater quality throughout Western Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M C de Meyer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru.
| | - Edward A Carpio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru
| | - Pilar A García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru
| | - Caroline Stengel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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111
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Bondy SC, Campbell A. Water Quality and Brain Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:E2. [PMID: 29267198 PMCID: PMC5800103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, regulations are in place to ensure the quality of drinking water. Such precautions are intended to safeguard the health of the population. However, regulatory guidelines may at times fail to achieve their purpose. This may be due to lack of sufficient data regarding the health hazards of chronic low dose exposure to contaminants or the introduction of new substances that pose a health hazard risk that has yet to be identified. In this review, examples of different sources of contaminants in drinking water will be discussed, followed by an evaluation of some select individual toxicants with known adverse neurological impact. The ability of mixtures to potentially cause additive, synergistic, or antagonistic neurotoxic responses will be briefly addressed. The last section of the review will provide examples of select mechanisms by which different classes of contaminants may lead to neurological impairments. The main objective of this review is to bring to light the importance of considering trace amounts of chemicals in the drinking water and potential brain abnormalities. There is continued need for toxicology studies to better understand negative consequences of trace amounts of toxins and although it is beyond the scope of this brief overview it is hoped that the review will underscore the paucity of studies focused on determining how long-term exposure to minute levels of contaminants in drinking water may pose a significant health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-1830, USA.
| | - Arezoo Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA.
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112
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Pogue AI, Jaber V, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Systemic Inflammation in C57BL/6J Mice Receiving Dietary Aluminum Sulfate; Up-Regulation of the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and miRNA-146a in Blood Serum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 29354323 PMCID: PMC5771428 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of experimental investigations utilizing different murine species have previously reported: (i) that standard mouse-diets supplemented with physiologically realistic amounts of neurotoxic metal salts substantially induce pro-inflammatory signaling in a number of murine tissues; (ii) that these diet-stimulated changes may contribute to a systemic inflammation (SI), a potential precursor to neurodegenerative events in both the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS); and (iii) that these events may ultimately contribute to a chronic and progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration, such as that which is observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. In these experiments we assayed for markers of SI in the blood serum of C57BL/6J mice after 0, 1, 3 and 5 months of exposure to a standard mouse diet that included aluminum-sulfate in the food and drinking water, compared to age-matched controls receiving magnesium-sulfate or no additions. The data indicate that the SI markers that include the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the acute phase reactive protein C-reactive protein (CRP) production and a triad of pro-inflammatory microRNAs (miRNA-9, miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a) all increase in the serum after aluminum-sulfate exposure. For the first time these results suggest that ad libitum exposure to aluminum-sulfate at physiologically realistic concentrations, as would be found in the human diet over the long term, may predispose to SI and the potential development of chronic, progressive, inflammatory neurodegeneration with downstream pathogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans LA, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans LA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans LA, USA
| | - W J Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans LA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans LA, USA
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113
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Costa F, Tavares T. Sorption studies of diethylketone in the presence of Al 3+, Cd 2+, Ni 2+ and Mn 2+, from lab-scale to pilot scale. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2811-2823. [PMID: 28054835 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1278462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of diethylketone (DEK) in aqueous solution with different concentrations of Al3+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+ were evaluated at lab-scale. It was established that Streptococcus equisimilis is able to efficiently remove DEK with different concentrations with heavy metals. It was proved that this joint-system has excellent capacity to biodegrade high concentrations of DEK in the presence of Al3+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+. With the exception of Al3+, the uptake for all metals increased as the initial concentration of each metal in the mixed solution increased. The breakthrough curves are best described by the Adams and Bohart model for Cd2+, by the Yoon and Nelson model for Ni2+ and by the Wolborska model for Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Costa
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Teresa Tavares
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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114
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Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, Li H, Hao C, Ouyang W. Protective effects of kinetin against aluminum chloride and D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in mouse. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:262-272. [PMID: 28867383 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that aluminum exposure and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the initiation and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and d-galactose (d-gal) combined treatment of mice is considered as an easy and cheap way to obtain an animal model of AD. Kinetin is a plant cytokinin, which is also reported to exert neuro-protective effects in vivo and in vitro. Thus, in this study, neuro-protective effects of kinetin were investigated in an AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to directly evaluate neuro-protective effects of kinetin on the memory and spatial learning abilities, while the histopathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining method. To further investigate mechanisms involved, Al content in cortex and hippocampus was determined. In addition, related detection kits were used to determine acetylcholine (ACh) content and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also measured. Besides, the content of oxidative damage bio-markers including 8-iso-prostaglandin F (8-iso-PGF), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined by ELISA kits. Finally, the distribution of beta-amyloid protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while the expression levels of amyloidogenic proteins including β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42 were detected by western blotting (WB) method. Results showed that kinetin improved performance in MWM test, attenuated histopathological changes, reduced Al level in cortex and hippocampus, increased ACh content and decreased AChE activity. In addition, kinetin elevated activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and reduced the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers in AD model of mice. Furthermore, kinetin also increased the content of HO-1, and inhibited the distribution of Aβ1-42 and the expressions of amyloidogenic proteins (APP, β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42) in brain tissue of AD mice. Our results indicate that kinetin has neuro-protective effects on the AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal, suggesting that kinetin may be a candidate drug for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaoshuang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuqing Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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115
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Martinez CS, Escobar AG, Uranga-Ocio JA, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Exley C, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Aluminum exposure for 60days at human dietary levels impairs spermatogenesis and sperm quality in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:128-141. [PMID: 28823769 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about environmental aluminum (Al) and reproductive health have been raised. We investigated the effects of Al exposure at a human relevant dietary level and a high level exposure to Al. Experiment 1 (Lower level) rats were treated orally for 60 days: a) controls - ultrapure water; b) aluminum at 1.5mg/kg bw/day and c) aluminum at 8.3mg/kg bw/day. Experiment 2 (High level) rats were treated for 42 days: a) controls - ultrapure water; b) aluminum at 100mg/kg bw/day. Al decreased sperm count, daily sperm production, sperm motility, normal morphological sperm, impaired testis histology; increased oxidative stress in reproductive organs and inflammation in testis. Our study shows the specific presence of Al in the germinative cells and, that low concentrations of Al in testes (3.35μg/g) are sufficient to impair spermatogenesis and sperm quality. Our findings provide a better understanding of the reproductive health risk of Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silveira Martinez
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alyne Gourlart Escobar
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO Box 118, Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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116
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Luo S, Griffith R, Li W, Peng P, Cheng Y, Chen P, Addy MM, Liu Y, Ruan R. A continuous flocculants-free electrolytic flotation system for microalgae harvesting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:439-449. [PMID: 28460364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High harvesting cost and reusing of post-harvest water are the major challenges in commercial production of microalgae. In this work, a flocculants-free electrolytic flotation harvest process was investigated. The electrode design and materials were evaluated in terms of harvesting efficiency. Stainless steel as the cathode and carbon as the anode were selected based on the harvesting efficiency data and non-sacrificial feature for construction of a pilot scale harvesting system. In the pilot scale experiments, 23.72g/h biomass yield was achieved at the power consumption of 2.73kWh/kg. With the advantages of no chemical flocculent contamination and relatively low energy requirement, this continuous system is promising for food or feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and MOE Biomass Energy Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Richard Griffith
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Wenkui Li
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min M Addy
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and MOE Biomass Energy Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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117
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Design and Synthesis of an Eu-Based β-Diketone-Sensor for the Detection of Al3+ Ions. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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118
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López-Rodríguez G, Galván M, González-Unzaga M, Hernández Ávila J, Pérez-Labra M. Blood toxic metals and hemoglobin levels in Mexican children. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:179. [PMID: 28342047 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal toxicity can cause hematologic abnormalities and hemolysis. To evaluate the relationship of anemia with metal contamination in children, the following elements were quantified in dry blood: silicon, chromium, lead, titanium, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium. A total of 88 samples of anemic children and 208 of non-anemic children aged 6-12 years were analyzed. Lead (35.1%), chromium (24.3%), vanadium (24.3%), nickel (45.6%), and silicon (48.6%) were identified in the samples, with titanium only detected in anemic children. The average level of arsenic was higher in anemic than non-anemic children (0.041 ± 0.11 wt% vs 0.014 ± 0.05 wt%, p < 0.05) and correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin (r = -0.441, p < 0.01). In conclusion, heavy metals, which confer a health risk, were detected in the dry blood of the children evaluated, and the levels of arsenic and titanium were found to be related to anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe López-Rodríguez
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Nutrición, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla S/N, C.P. 42162, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Marcos Galván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Nutrición, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla S/N, C.P. 42162, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Marco González-Unzaga
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Nutrición, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla S/N, C.P. 42162, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Juan Hernández Ávila
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca - Tulancingo, Km 4.5 S/N, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - M Pérez-Labra
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca - Tulancingo, Km 4.5 S/N, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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119
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Cheng D, Wang R, Wang C, Hou L. Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) polyphenol extract attenuates aluminum-induced cardiotoxicity through an ROS-triggered Ca 2+/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:851-859. [PMID: 28128384 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has been linked to the development of some cardiovascular diseases and mung bean is a functional food with the ability to detoxify. We aimed to evaluate the preventive effect and possible underlying mechanisms of the mung bean polyphenol extract (MPE) on Al-induced cardiotoxicity. Control, AlCl3 (171.8 mg Al per kg body weight), MPE + AlCl3 (Al-treatment plus 200 mg MPE per kg body weight), and a group of MPE per se were used. Al intake induced a significant increase of serum CK and LDH activity and the level of Na+, Ca2+, malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products in the AlCl3-treated rats' heart tissue. Administration of MPE significantly improved the integrity and normal ion levels of heart tissue, and attenuated oxidative damage and the accumulation of Al in Al-treated rats. MPE significantly inhibited Al-induced increase of myocardial p-JNK, cytoplasmic NF-κB, cytochrome C, and caspase-9 protein expressions. Therefore, these results showed that MPE has a cardiac protective effect against Al-induced biotoxicity through ROS-JNK and NF-κB-mediated caspase pathways. Furthermore, the stability constant for the vitexin-Al complex was analyzed (log K = log K1 + log K2 = 4.91 + 4.85 = 9.76). We found that MPE-mediated protection against Al-cardiotoxicity is connected both with MPE antioxidant and chelation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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120
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Weidenhamer JD, Fitzpatrick MP, Biro AM, Kobunski PA, Hudson MR, Corbin RW, Gottesfeld P. Metal exposures from aluminum cookware: An unrecognized public health risk in developing countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:805-813. [PMID: 27866735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Removing lead from gasoline has resulted in decreases in blood lead levels in most of the world, but blood lead levels remain elevated in low and middle-income countries compared to more developed countries. Several reasons for this difference have been investigated, but few studies have examined the potential contribution from locally-made aluminum cookware. In a previous study of cookware from a single African country, Cameroon, artisanal aluminum cookware that is made from scrap metal released significant quantities of lead. In this study, 42 intact aluminum cookware items from ten developing countries were tested for their potential to release lead and other metals during cooking. Fifteen items released ≥1 microgram of lead per serving (250mL) when tested by boiling with dilute acetic acid for 2h. One pot, from Viet Nam, released 33, 1126 and 1426 micrograms per serving in successive tests. Ten samples released >1 microgram of cadmium per serving, and fifteen items released >1 microgram of arsenic per serving. The mean exposure estimate for aluminum was 125mg per serving, more than six times the World Health Organization's Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of 20mg/day for a 70kg adult, and 40 of 42 items tested exceeded this level. We conducted preliminary assessments of three potential methods to reduce metal leaching from this cookware. Coating the cookware reduced aluminum exposure per serving by >98%, and similar reductions were seen for other metals as well. Potential exposure to metals by corrosion during cooking may pose a significant and largely unrecognized public health risk which deserves urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Weidenhamer
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Meghann P Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Alison M Biro
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Peter A Kobunski
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Michael R Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Rebecca W Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, 401 College Ave., Ashland University, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Perry Gottesfeld
- Executive Director, Occupational Knowledge International, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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121
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Colomina MT, Peris-Sampedro F. Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:183-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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122
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A chromone-derived Schiff-base as Al3+ “turn-on” fluorescent probe based on photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) and CN isomerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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123
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Akinola OB. Sweet old memories: a review of the experimental models of the association between diabetes, senility and dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1003-10. [PMID: 27444168 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the burden of Alzheimer's dementia rises, so does our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of this neurodegenerative disease. Some of the recent advances in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegeneration include the finding that insulin receptor signalling is key to neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the brain, especially in areas related to memory formation and storage, including the hippocampus. This suggests an association between impaired insulin receptor signalling and neurodegenerative events. To decipher this association, several animal models are being employed. Such models include transgenic and non-transgenic animals that range from invertebrates (Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans), to vertebrates (mouse, rats and primates). The current review is an account of such models and how they have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus, ageing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Akinola
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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124
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da Silva LF, Barbosa AD, de Paula HM, Romualdo LL, Andrade LS. Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by coagulation/electrochemical methods: Proposals for disposal and/or reuse of treated water. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:467-475. [PMID: 27295621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and discusses an investigation into the treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater (water-based acrylic texture) by coagulation (aluminum sulfate) coupled to electrochemical methods (BDD electrode). Two proposals are put forward, based on the results. The first proposal considers the feasibility of reusing wastewater treated by the methods separately and in combination, while the second examines the possibility of its disposal into water bodies. To this end, parameters such as toxicity, turbidity, color, organic load, dissolved aluminum, alkalinity, hardness and odor are evaluated. In addition, the proposal for water reuse is strengthened by the quality of the water-based paints produced using the wastewater treated by the two methods (combined and separate), which was evaluated based on the typical parameters for the quality control of these products. Under optimized conditions, the use of the chemical coagulation (12 mL/L of Al2(SO4)3 dosage) treatment, alone, proved the feasibility of reusing the treated wastewater in the paint manufacturing process. However, the use of the electrochemical method (i = 10 mA/cm(2) and t = 90 min) was required to render the treated wastewater suitable for discharge into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F da Silva
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Andreia D Barbosa
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Heber M de Paula
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Lincoln L Romualdo
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Andrade
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil.
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125
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Aluminum Exposure at Human Dietary Levels for 60 Days Reaches a Threshold Sufficient to Promote Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:20-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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126
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The importance of the film structure during self-powered ibuprofen salicylate drug release from polypyrrole electrodeposited on AZ31 Mg. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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