101
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Jannusch K, Jockwitz C, Bidmon HJ, Moebus S, Amunts K, Caspers S. A Complex Interplay of Vitamin B1 and B6 Metabolism with Cognition, Brain Structure, and Functional Connectivity in Older Adults. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:596. [PMID: 29163003 PMCID: PMC5663975 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with brain atrophy, functional brain network reorganization and decline of cognitive performance, albeit characterized by high interindividual variability. Among environmental influencing factors accounting for this variability, nutrition and particularly vitamin supply is thought to play an important role. While evidence exists that supplementation of vitamins B6 and B1 might be beneficial for cognition and brain structure, at least in deficient states and neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about this relation during healthy aging and in relation to reorganization of functional brain networks. We thus assessed the relation between blood levels of vitamins B1 and B6 and cognitive performance, cortical folding, and functional resting-state connectivity in a large sample of older adults (N > 600; age: 55-85 years), drawn from the population-based 1000BRAINS study. In addition to blood sampling, subjects underwent structural and functional resting-state neuroimaging as well as extensive neuropsychological testing in the domains of executive functions, (working) memory, attention, and language. Brain regions showing changes in the local gyrification index as calculated using FreeSurfer in relation to vitamin levels were used for subsequent seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis. For B6, a positive correlation with local cortical folding was found throughout the brain, while only slight changes in functional connectivity were observed. Contrarily, for B1, a negative correlation with cortical folding as well as problem solving and visuo-spatial working memory performance was found, which was accompanied by pronounced increases of interhemispheric and decreases of intrahemispheric functional connectivity. While the effects for B6 expand previous knowledge on beneficial effects of B6 supplementation on brain structure, they also showed that additional effects on cognition might not be recognizable in healthy older subjects with normal B6 blood levels. The cortical atrophy and pronounced functional reorganization associated with B1, contrarily, was more in line with the theory of a disturbed B1 metabolism in older adults, leading to B1 utilization deficits, and thus, an effective B1 deficiency in the brain, despite normal to high-normal blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jannusch
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bidmon
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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102
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Zu Eulenburg P, Ruehl RM, Runge P, Dieterich M. Ageing-related changes in the cortical processing of otolith information in humans. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2817-2825. [PMID: 29057523 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic short tone bursts (STB) trigger ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs/cVEMPs) by activating irregular otolith afferents. Simultaneously, STBs introduce an artificial net acceleration signal of otolith origin into the vestibular network. VEMP parameters as diagnostic otolith processing markers have been shown to decline after the age of thirty. To delineate the differential effects of healthy ageing on the cortical vestibular subnetwork processing otolith information, we measured cVEMPs and the differential effects of unilateral STB in three age groups (20-40, 40-60 and 60+; n = 42) using functional neuroimaging. STB evoked responses in the main vestibular hubs in the parieto-opercular cortex. Whereas cVEMP amplitudes declined linearly with age, analysis of the BOLD response size depicted a u-shaped curve. Vestibular perception of the otolith stimulus on the other hand remained unchanged with age. Therefore, we propose that the comparably larger BOLD responses past the age of sixty could reflect a mechanism of central sensitisation for otolith perception to counterbalance the concurrent peripheral vestibular and somatosensory function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zu Eulenburg
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, Munich, D-81377, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ria Maxine Ruehl
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, Munich, D-81377, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Runge
- Department of Neuroradiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, Munich, D-81377, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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103
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Mansouri FA, Koechlin E, Rosa MGP, Buckley MJ. Managing competing goals — a key role for the frontopolar cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:645-657. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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104
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Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28970785 PMCID: PMC5609104 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured the densities (fmol/mg protein) of 15 different receptors of various transmitter systems in the supragranular, granular and infragranular strata of 44 areas of visual, somatosensory, auditory and multimodal association systems of the human cerebral cortex. Receptor densities were obtained after labeling of the receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography in human postmortem brains. The mean density of each receptor type over all cortical layers and of each of the three major strata varies between cortical regions. In a single cortical area, the multi-receptor fingerprints of its strata (i.e., polar plots, each visualizing the densities of multiple different receptor types in supragranular, granular or infragranular layers of the same cortical area) differ in shape and size indicating regional and laminar specific balances between the receptors. Furthermore, the three strata are clearly segregated into well definable clusters by their receptor fingerprints. Fingerprints of different cortical areas systematically vary between functional networks, and with the hierarchical levels within sensory systems. Primary sensory areas are clearly separated from all other cortical areas particularly by their very high muscarinic M2 and nicotinic α4β2 receptor densities, and to a lesser degree also by noradrenergic α2 and serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors. Early visual areas of the dorsal and ventral streams are segregated by their multi-receptor fingerprints. The results are discussed on the background of functional segregation, cortical hierarchies, microstructural types, and the horizontal (layers) and vertical (columns) organization in the cerebral cortex. We conclude that a cortical column is composed of segments, which can be assigned to the cortical strata. The segments differ by their patterns of multi-receptor balances, indicating different layer-specific signal processing mechanisms. Additionally, the differences between the strata-and area-specific fingerprints of the 44 areas reflect the segregation of the cerebral cortex into functionally and topographically definable groups of cortical areas (visual, auditory, somatosensory, limbic, motor), and reveals their hierarchical position (primary and unimodal (early) sensory to higher sensory and finally to multimodal association areas). HighlightsDensities of transmitter receptors vary between areas of human cerebral cortex. Multi-receptor fingerprints segregate cortical layers. The densities of all examined receptor types together reach highest values in the supragranular stratum of all areas. The lowest values are found in the infragranular stratum. Multi-receptor fingerprints of entire areas and their layers segregate functional systems Cortical types (primary sensory, motor, multimodal association) differ in their receptor fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1)Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA-Translational Brain MedicineAachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1)Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA-Translational Brain MedicineAachen, Germany
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105
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Predicting "When" in Discourse Engages the Human Dorsal Auditory Stream: An fMRI Study Using Naturalistic Stories. J Neurosci 2017; 36:12180-12191. [PMID: 27903727 PMCID: PMC5148219 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4100-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical organization of human cortical circuits integrates information across different timescales via temporal receptive windows, which increase in length from lower to higher levels of the cortical hierarchy (Hasson et al., 2015). A recent neurobiological model of higher-order language processing (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky et al., 2015) posits that temporal receptive windows in the dorsal auditory stream provide the basis for a hierarchically organized predictive coding architecture (Friston and Kiebel, 2009). In this stream, a nested set of internal models generates time-based (“when”) predictions for upcoming input at different linguistic levels (sounds, words, sentences, discourse). Here, we used naturalistic stories to test the hypothesis that multi-sentence, discourse-level predictions are processed in the dorsal auditory stream, yielding attenuated BOLD responses for highly predicted versus less strongly predicted language input. The results were as hypothesized: discourse-related cues, such as passive voice, which effect a higher predictability of remention for a character at a later point within a story, led to attenuated BOLD responses for auditory input of high versus low predictability within the dorsal auditory stream, specifically in the inferior parietal lobule, middle frontal gyrus, and dorsal parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, among other areas. Additionally, we found effects of content-related (“what”) predictions in ventral regions. These findings provide novel evidence that hierarchical predictive coding extends to discourse-level processing in natural language. Importantly, they ground language processing on a hierarchically organized predictive network, as a common underlying neurobiological basis shared with other brain functions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Language is the most powerful communicative medium available to humans. Nevertheless, we lack an understanding of the neurobiological basis of language processing in natural contexts: it is not clear how the human brain processes linguistic input within the rich contextual environments of our everyday language experience. This fMRI study provides the first demonstration that, in natural stories, predictions concerning the probability of remention of a protagonist at a later point are processed in the dorsal auditory stream. Results are congruent with a hierarchical predictive coding architecture assuming temporal receptive windows of increasing length from auditory to higher-order cortices. Accordingly, language processing in rich contextual settings can be explained via domain-general, neurobiological mechanisms of information processing in the human brain.
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106
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Hartogsveld B, Bramson B, Vijayakumar S, van Campen AD, Marques JP, Roelofs K, Toni I, Bekkering H, Mars RB. Lateral frontal pole and relational processing: Activation patterns and connectivity profile. Behav Brain Res 2017; 355:2-11. [PMID: 28811179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The functional contribution of the lateral frontal cortex to behavior has been discussed with reference to several higher-order cognitive domains. In a separate line of research, recent studies have focused on the anatomical organization of this part of the brain. These different approaches are rarely combined. Here, we combine previous work using anatomical connectivity that identified a lateral subdivision of the human frontal pole and work that suggested a general role for rostrolateral prefrontal cortex in processing higher-order relations, irrespective of the type of information. We asked healthy human volunteers to judge the relationship between pairs of stimuli, a task previously suggested to engage the lateral frontal pole. Presenting both shape and face stimuli, we indeed observed overlapping activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex when subjects judged relations between pairs. Using resting state functional MRI, we confirmed that the activated region's whole-brain connectivity most strongly resembles that of the lateral frontal pole. Using diffusion MRI, we showed that the pattern of connections of this region with the main association fibers again is most similar to that of the lateral frontal pole, consistent with the observation that it is this anatomical region that is involved in relational processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hartogsveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Bramson
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suhas Vijayakumar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Dilene van Campen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Toni
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Bekkering
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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107
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Hartung F, Hagoort P, Willems RM. Readers select a comprehension mode independent of pronoun: Evidence from fMRI during narrative comprehension. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 170:29-38. [PMID: 28391032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perspective is a crucial feature for communicating about events. Yet it is unclear how linguistically encoded perspective relates to cognitive perspective taking. Here, we tested the effect of perspective taking with short literary stories. Participants listened to stories with 1st or 3rd person pronouns referring to the protagonist, while undergoing fMRI. When comparing action events with 1st and 3rd person pronouns, we found no evidence for a neural dissociation depending on the pronoun. A split sample approach based on the self-reported experience of perspective taking revealed 3 comprehension preferences. One group showed a strong 1st person preference, another a strong 3rd person preference, while a third group engaged in 1st and 3rd person perspective taking simultaneously. Comparing brain activations of the groups revealed different neural networks. Our results suggest that comprehension is perspective dependent, but not on the perspective suggested by the text, but on the reader's (situational) preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hartung
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel M Willems
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Language Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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108
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Li H, Fan L, Zhuo J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiang T. ATPP: A Pipeline for Automatic Tractography-Based Brain Parcellation. Front Neuroinform 2017; 11:35. [PMID: 28611620 PMCID: PMC5447055 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a longstanding effort to parcellate brain into areas based on micro-structural, macro-structural, or connectional features, forming various brain atlases. Among them, connectivity-based parcellation gains much emphasis, especially with the considerable progress of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in the past two decades. The Brainnetome Atlas published recently is such an atlas that follows the framework of connectivity-based parcellation. However, in the construction of the atlas, the deluge of high resolution multimodal MRI data and time-consuming computation poses challenges and there is still short of publically available tools dedicated to parcellation. In this paper, we present an integrated open source pipeline (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/atpp), named Automatic Tractography-based Parcellation Pipeline (ATPP) to realize the framework of parcellation with automatic processing and massive parallel computing. ATPP is developed to have a powerful and flexible command line version, taking multiple regions of interest as input, as well as a user-friendly graphical user interface version for parcellating single region of interest. We demonstrate the two versions by parcellating two brain regions, left precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, on two independent datasets. In addition, ATPP has been successfully utilized and fully validated in a variety of brain regions and the human Brainnetome Atlas, showing the capacity to greatly facilitate brain parcellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhuo
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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109
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Minkova L, Sladky R, Kranz GS, Woletz M, Geissberger N, Kraus C, Lanzenberger R, Windischberger C. Task-dependent modulation of amygdala connectivity in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 262:39-46. [PMID: 28226306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased amygdala activation is consistently found in patients suffering from social anxiety disorder (SAD), a psychiatric condition characterized by an intense fear of social situations and scrutiny. Disruptions in the amygdalar-frontal network in SAD may explain the inability of frontal regions to appropriately down-regulate amygdalar hyper-activation. In this study, we measured 15 SAD patients and 15 healthy controls during an affective counting Stroop task with emotional faces to assess the interaction of affective stimuli with a cognitive task in SAD, as well as to investigate the causal interactions between the amygdala and the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Here we show for the first time that differences in OFC-amygdala effective connectivity between SAD patients and healthy controls are influenced by cognitive load during task processing. In SAD patients relative to controls dysfunctional amygdala regulation was observed during passive viewing of harsh faces This could be linked to ongoing self-initiated cognitive processes (such as rumination and anticipation of negative events) that hinder successful amygdala regulation. However, between-group differences diminished during cognitive processing, suggesting that attentional load interfered with emotional processing in both patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Minkova
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Woletz
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Geissberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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110
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Zheng F, Yan H, Liu B, Yue W, Fan L, Liao J, Cui Y, Lu T, Jiang T, Zhang D. ALDH2 Glu504Lys Confers Susceptibility to Schizophrenia and Impacts Hippocampal-Prefrontal Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2034-2040. [PMID: 26941382 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous evidence suggested that ALDH2 is a candidate gene for schizophrenia, the association and underlying mechanisms have never been investigated. Therefore, we investigated ALDH2 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and explored the effect of its polymorphisms on brain functions. In the discovery stage, we detected a positive association between a dominant-negative mutant, Glu504Lys, and schizophrenia (P= 8.01E-5, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16-1.55). This association was confirmed in the validation stage (P= 3.48E-6, OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15-1.42). The combined P reached a genome-wide significance (Pcombined= 1.32E-9, OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20-1.42). To investigate the neural mechanism linking Glu504Lys to schizophrenia, we calculated the functional connectivity (FC) and applied an imaging genetics strategy using resting-state fMRI data. The imaging analysis revealed a significant interaction of diagnostic group by genotype for FC between the left hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In the Glu homozygotes, hippocampal-prefrontal FC correlated inversely with memory performance in the healthy controls and with the PANSS negative score in the schizophrenia patients. Our results supported a role for ALDH2 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, variation at Glu504Lys disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal FC, which might be the neural mechanism linking it to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zheng
- Brainnetome Center.,Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinmin Liao
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
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111
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Eickhoff SB, Constable RT, Yeo BTT. Topographic organization of the cerebral cortex and brain cartography. Neuroimage 2017; 170:332-347. [PMID: 28219775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most specific but also challenging properties of the brain is its topographic organization into distinct modules or cortical areas. In this paper, we first review the concept of topographic organization and its historical development. Next, we provide a critical discussion of the current definition of what constitutes a cortical area, why the concept has been so central to the field of neuroimaging and the challenges that arise from this view. A key aspect in this discussion is the issue of spatial scale and hierarchy in the brain. Focusing on in-vivo brain parcellation as a rapidly expanding field of research, we highlight potential limitations of the classical concept of cortical areas in the context of multi-modal parcellation and propose a revised interpretation of cortical areas building on the concept of neurobiological atoms that may be aggregated into larger units within and across modalities. We conclude by presenting an outlook on the implication of this revised concept for future mapping studies and raise some open questions in the context of brain parcellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Germany.
| | - R Todd Constable
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, USA
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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112
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Itakura M, Iwata M, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Association of fronto-temporal function with cognitive ability in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42858. [PMID: 28205609 PMCID: PMC5311872 DOI: 10.1038/srep42858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neuropsychological performance are common in schizophrenia, but their relationship with the fronto-temporal functional abnormalities associated with this condition remains unclear. We explored the relationship between neuropsychological performance as measured using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire theory of mind (ToM) subscale and fronto-temporal function in 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), using 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Regional hemodynamic changes were significantly smaller in the schizophrenia group than in the HCs group in the ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior part of the temporal cortex (VLPFC/aTC) and dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar cortex (DLPFC/FPC) regions. To dissect the effect of variance in BACS cognitive domains from the relationship between ToM function and fronto-temporal function, we performed additional partial correlation analyses between ToM and NIRS data, using BACS composite score as a control variable. The correlation between ToM and NIRS data remained significant only in the DLPFC/FPC region. This finding is important to models of recovery, as it suggests that intervention programs focusing on enhancing fronto-temporal function may have a greater impact on social and occupational outcomes than traditional rehabilitation programs focusing on neuropsychological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine: 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry: 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Masashi Itakura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine: 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine: 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine: 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine: 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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113
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Siman-Tov T, Bosak N, Sprecher E, Paz R, Eran A, Aharon-Peretz J, Kahn I. Early Age-Related Functional Connectivity Decline in High-Order Cognitive Networks. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28119599 PMCID: PMC5223363 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world ages, it becomes urgent to unravel the mechanisms underlying brain aging and find ways of intervening with them. While for decades cognitive aging has been related to localized brain changes, growing attention is now being paid to alterations in distributed brain networks. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) has become a particularly useful tool to explore large-scale brain networks; yet, the temporal course of connectivity lifetime changes has not been established. Here, an extensive cross-sectional sample (21-85 years old, N = 887) from a public fcMRI database was used to characterize adult lifespan connectivity dynamics within and between seven brain networks: the default mode, salience, dorsal attention, fronto-parietal control, auditory, visual and motor networks. The entire cohort was divided into young (21-40 years, mean ± SD: 25.5 ± 4.8, n = 543); middle-aged (41-60 years, 50.6 ± 5.4, n = 238); and old (61 years and above, 69.0 ± 6.3, n = 106) subgroups. Correlation matrices as well as a mixed model analysis of covariance indicated that within high-order cognitive networks a considerable connectivity decline is already evident by middle adulthood. In contrast, a motor network shows increased connectivity in middle adulthood and a subsequent decline. Additionally, alterations in inter-network interactions are noticeable primarily in the transition between young and middle adulthood. These results provide evidence that aging-related neural changes start early in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Siman-Tov
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Elliot Sprecher
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - Rotem Paz
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Eran
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Judith Aharon-Peretz
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
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114
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Tsujimoto S, Genovesio A. Firing Variability of Frontal Pole Neurons during a Cued Strategy Task. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:25-36. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In previous reports, we described neuronal activity in the polar (PFp), dorsolateral (PFdl), and orbital (PFo) PFC as monkeys performed a cued strategy task with two spatial goals. On each trial, a cue instructed one of two strategies: Stay with the previous goal or shift to the alternative. A delay period followed each cue, and feedback followed each choice, also at a delay. Our initial analysis showed that the mean firing rate of a population of PFp cells encoded the goal chosen on a trial, but only near the time of feedback, not earlier in the trial. In contrast, PFdl cells encoded goals and strategies during the cue and delay periods, and PFo cells encoded strategies in those task periods. Both areas also signaled goals near feedback time. Here we analyzed trial-to-trial variability of neuronal firing, as measured by the Fano factor (FF): the ratio of variance to the mean. Goal-selective PFp neurons had two properties: (1) a lower FF from the beginning of the trial compared with PFp cells that did not encode goals and (2) a weak but significant inverse correlation between FF throughout a trial and the degree of goal selectivity at feedback time. Cells in PFdl and PFo showed neither of these properties. Our findings indicate that goal-selective PFp neurons were engaged in the task throughout a trial, although they only encoded goals near feedback time. Their lower FF could improve the ability of other cortical areas to decode its selected-goal signal.
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115
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Relating pessimistic memory predictions to Alzheimer's disease brain structure. Cortex 2016; 85:151-164. [PMID: 27773357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impairment of episodic memory and related metacognitive processes. The present study examined subjective metacognitive judgments preceding objective memory retrieval and investigated the neural correlates of pessimistic predictions for successfully retrieved memories in AD patients. AD patients and healthy older (HO) participants provided predictive judgments on their recognition performance before retrieval of famous (semantic) and recently learned (episodic) names. Correlations between gray matter volume (GMV) in T1 images and behavioral scores were examined with multivariate (partial least square - PLS) and univariate (general linear model - GLM) analyses in AD patients. AD patients showed a significant proportion of successful name recognition preceded by pessimistic prediction in episodic memory. PLS revealed that the behavioral pattern in AD patients was related with a mainly right lateralized pattern of GMV decrease including medial temporal lobe and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), but also right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). GLM further confirmed that pessimistic prediction negatively correlated with GMV in VLPFC. Thus, impaired monitoring processes (possibly influenced by inaccurate beliefs) allowing inferences about one's own memory performance are primarily related to decrease GMV in VLPFC in AD patients.
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116
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Nishimura Y, Takahashi K, Ohtani T, Ikeda-Sugita R, Okada N, Kasai K, Okazaki Y. Social Function and Frontopolar Activation during a Cognitive Task in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:81-90. [PMID: 26509704 DOI: 10.1159/000437431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the neural basis of functional impairments in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to be able to address the recovery. Recently, neurocognitive impairment emerged as a predictor of psychosocial function. A number of functional brain imaging studies have shown that social function is associated with activation of the prefrontal cortex during a cognitive task in healthy adults, and in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. However, few studies have been conducted in patients with BD. METHODS We performed multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging to investigate the activation of the prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task (VFT). We also used the Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS) to assess social functioning in patients with BD. Thirty-three depressed patients with BD and 65 age-, gender- and task performance-matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. RESULTS Depressed patients with BD showed reduced activation in the broader bilateral prefrontal cortex during the VFT compared to HCs. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the total SASS scores and right prefrontal activation in patients with BD. In the SASS subscores, the interest and motivation factor was also positively correlated with frontopolar activation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association between social function and prefrontal activation in depressed patients with BD. The present study provides evidence that NIRS imaging could be helpful in understanding the neural basis of social function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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117
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Bludau S, Bzdok D, Gruber O, Kohn N, Riedl V, Sorg C, Palomero-Gallagher N, Müller V, Hoffstaedter F, Amunts K, Eickhoff S. EP 81. Medial prefrontal aberrations in major depressive disorder revealed by Cytoarchitectonically informed Voxel-based Morphometry. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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118
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Connectivity-based parcellation of the macaque frontal cortex, and its relation with the cytoarchitectonic distribution described in current atlases. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1331-1349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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119
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Kogler L, Müller VI, Seidel EM, Boubela R, Kalcher K, Moser E, Habel U, Gur RC, Eickhoff SB, Derntl B. Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol. Neuroimage 2016; 134:410-423. [PMID: 27039701 PMCID: PMC6594554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amygdalae are involved in various behavioral functions such as affective and stress processing. For these behavioral functions, as well as for psychophysiological arousal including cortisol release, sex differences are reported. Here, we assessed cortisol levels and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of left and right amygdalae in 81 healthy participants (42 women) to investigate potential modulation of amygdala rsFC by sex and cortisol concentration. Our analyses revealed that rsFC of the left amygdala significantly differed between women and men: Women showed stronger rsFC than men between the left amygdala and left middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and hippocampus, regions involved in face processing, inner-speech, fear and pain processing. No stronger connections were detected for men and no sex difference emerged for right amygdala rsFC. Also, an interaction of sex and cortisol appeared: In women, cortisol was negatively associated with rsFC of the amygdalae with striatal regions, mid-orbital frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area and the parietal-occipital sulcus. Contrarily in men, positive associations of cortisol with rsFC of the left amygdala and these structures were observed. Functional decoding analyses revealed an association of the amygdalae and these regions with emotion, reward and memory processing, as well as action execution. Our results suggest that functional connectivity of the amygdalae as well as the regulatory effect of cortisol on brain networks differs between women and men. These sex-differences and the mediating and sex-dependent effect of cortisol on brain communication systems should be taken into account in affective and stress-related neuroimaging research. Thus, more studies including both sexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany; Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Seidel
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Boubela
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudius Kalcher
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University, Vienna, Austria; Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ute Habel
- Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-6, Research Centre Jülich, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA BRAIN Institute 1: Structure Function Relationship
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Jülich-Aachen-Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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120
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Zhang R, Picchioni M, Allen P, Toulopoulou T. Working Memory in Unaffected Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1068-77. [PMID: 26738528 PMCID: PMC4903055 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Working memory deficits, a core cognitive feature of schizophrenia may arise from dysfunction in the frontal and parietal cortices. Numerous studies have also found abnormal neural activation during working memory tasks in patients' unaffected relatives. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and anatomically localize the evidence for those activation differences across all eligible studies. Fifteen functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) manuscripts, containing 16 samples of 289 unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia, and 358 healthy controls were identified that met our inclusion criteria: (1) used a working memory task; and (2) reported standard space coordinates. Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) identified convergence across studies. Compared to healthy controls, patients' unaffected relatives showed decreases in neural activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (BA9), as well as right inferior frontal gyrus (BA44). Increased activation was seen in relatives in the right frontopolar (BA10), left inferior parietal lobe (BA40), and thalamus bilaterally. These results suggest that the familial risk of schizophrenia is expressed in changes in neural activation in the unaffected relatives in the cortical-subcortical working memory network that includes, but is not restricted to the middle prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco Picchioni
- St Andrew’s Academic Department, Northampton, UK;,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK;,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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121
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Fan L, Li H, Zhuo J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Yang Z, Chu C, Xie S, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Yu C, Jiang T. The Human Brainnetome Atlas: A New Brain Atlas Based on Connectional Architecture. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3508-26. [PMID: 27230218 PMCID: PMC4961028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1516] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain atlases that allow correlating brain anatomy with psychological and cognitive functions are in transition from ex vivo histology-based printed atlases to digital brain maps providing multimodal in vivo information. Many current human brain atlases cover only specific structures, lack fine-grained parcellations, and fail to provide functionally important connectivity information. Using noninvasive multimodal neuroimaging techniques, we designed a connectivity-based parcellation framework that identifies the subdivisions of the entire human brain, revealing the in vivo connectivity architecture. The resulting human Brainnetome Atlas, with 210 cortical and 36 subcortical subregions, provides a fine-grained, cross-validated atlas and contains information on both anatomical and functional connections. Additionally, we further mapped the delineated structures to mental processes by reference to the BrainMap database. It thus provides an objective and stable starting point from which to explore the complex relationships between structure, connectivity, and function, and eventually improves understanding of how the human brain works. The human Brainnetome Atlas will be made freely available for download at http://atlas.brainnetome.org, so that whole brain parcellations, connections, and functional data will be readily available for researchers to use in their investigations into healthy and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Li
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Junjie Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Liangfu Chen
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Congying Chu
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Sangma Xie
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich 52425, Germany Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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122
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Tahmasian M, Rosenzweig I, Eickhoff SB, Sepehry AA, Laird AR, Fox PT, Morrell MJ, Khazaie H, Eickhoff CR. Structural and functional neural adaptations in obstructive sleep apnea: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 65:142-56. [PMID: 27039344 PMCID: PMC5103027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The right basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus and the right insular cortex are important nodes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Functional characterization of these regions suggested associated dysfunction of emotional, sensory, and limbic processes in OSA. Connectivity analysis demonstrated that these regions are part of a joint network comprising the anterior insula, posterior-medial frontal cortex and thalamus.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common multisystem chronic disorder. Functional and structural neuroimaging has been widely applied in patients with OSA, but these studies have often yielded diverse results. The present quantitative meta-analysis aims to identify consistent patterns of abnormal activation and grey matter loss in OSA across studies. We used PubMed to retrieve task/resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry studies. Stereotactic data were extracted from fifteen studies, and subsequently tested for convergence using activation likelihood estimation. We found convergent evidence for structural atrophy and functional disturbances in the right basolateral amygdala/hippocampus and the right central insula. Functional characterization of these regions using the BrainMap database suggested associated dysfunction of emotional, sensory, and limbic processes. Assessment of task-based co-activation patterns furthermore indicated that the two regions obtained from the meta-analysis are part of a joint network comprising the anterior insula, posterior-medial frontal cortex and thalamus. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of right amygdala, hippocampus and insula in the abnormal emotional and sensory processing in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Tahmasian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran; National Brain Mapping Center, Shahid Beheshti University (General & Medical campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Amir A Sepehry
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System,San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mary J Morrell
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK; Academic Unit of Sleep and Breathing, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR Respiratory Disease Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, UK
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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123
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Jockwitz C, Caspers S, Lux S, Jütten K, Schleicher A, Eickhoff SB, Amunts K, Zilles K. Age- and function-related regional changes in cortical folding of the default mode network in older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:83-99. [PMID: 26943919 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in the functional architecture of the default mode network (DMN), e.g. a posterior to anterior shift (PASA) of activations. The putative structural correlate for this functional reorganization, however, is largely unknown. Changes in gyrification, i.e. decreases of cortical folding were found to be a marker of atrophy of the brain in later decades of life. Therefore, the present study assessed local gyrification indices of the DMN in relation to age and cognitive performance in 749 older adults aged 55-85 years. Age-related decreases in local gyrification indices were found in the anterior part of the DMN [particularly; medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] of the right hemisphere, and the medial posterior parts of the DMN [particularly; posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus] of both hemispheres. Positive correlations between cognitive performance and local gyrification indices were found for (1) selective attention and left PCC/precuneus, (2) visual/visual-spatial working memory and bilateral PCC/precuneus and right angular gyrus (AG), and (3) semantic verbal fluency and right AG and right mPFC. The more pronounced age-related decrease in local gyrification indices of the posterior parts of the DMN supports the functionally motivated PASA theory by correlated structural changes. Surprisingly, the prominent age-related decrease in local gyrification indices in right hemispheric ROIs provides evidence for a structural underpinning of the right hemi-aging hypothesis. Noticeably, the performance-related changes in local gyrification largely involved the same parts of the DMN that were subject to age-related local gyrification decreases. Thus, the present study lends support for a combined structural and functional theory of aging, in that the functional changes in the DMN during aging are accompanied by comparably localized structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Silke Lux
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jütten
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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124
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Bludau S, Bzdok D, Gruber O, Kohn N, Riedl V, Sorg C, Palomero-Gallagher N, Müller VI, Hoffstaedter F, Amunts K, Eickhoff SB. Medial Prefrontal Aberrations in Major Depressive Disorder Revealed by Cytoarchitectonically Informed Voxel-Based Morphometry. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:291-8. [PMID: 26621569 PMCID: PMC5441234 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The heterogeneous human frontal pole has been identified as a node in the dysfunctional network of major depressive disorder. The contribution of the medial (socio-affective) versus lateral (cognitive) frontal pole to major depression pathogenesis is currently unclear. The authors performed morphometric comparison of the microstructurally informed subdivisions of human frontal pole between depressed patients and comparison subjects using both uni- and multivariate statistics. METHOD Multisite voxel- and region-based morphometric MRI analysis was conducted in 73 depressed patients and 73 matched comparison subjects without psychiatric history. Frontal pole volume was first compared between depressed patients and comparison subjects by subdivision-wise classical morphometric analysis. In a second approach, frontal pole volume was compared by subdivision-naive multivariate searchlight analysis based on support vector machines. RESULTS Subdivision-wise morphometric analysis found a significantly smaller medial frontal pole in depressed patients, with a negative correlation of disease severity and duration. Histologically uninformed multivariate voxel-wise statistics provided converging evidence for structural aberrations specific to the microstructurally defined medial area of the frontal pole in depressed patients. CONCLUSIONS Across disparate methods, subregion specificity in the left medial frontal pole volume in depressed patients was demonstrated. Indeed, the frontal pole was shown to structurally and functionally connect to other key regions in major depression pathology, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala via the uncinate fasciculus. Present and previous findings consolidate the left medial portion of the frontal pole as particularly altered in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valentin Riedl
- Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany,Dept. of Neuroradiology, TU München, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany,Dept. of Neuroradiology, TU München, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, TU München, Germany
| | | | - Veronika I. Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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125
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Cytoarchitecture and probability maps of the human medial orbitofrontal cortex. Cortex 2016; 75:87-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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126
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Horan WP, Jimenez AM, Lee J, Wynn JK, Eisenberger NI, Green MF. Pain empathy in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:783-92. [PMID: 26746181 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that schizophrenia is characterized by impaired empathy, several recent studies found intact neural responses on tasks measuring the affective subdomain of empathy. This study further examined affective empathy in 21 schizophrenia outpatients and 21 healthy controls using a validated pain empathy paradigm with two components: (i) observing videos of people described as medical patients who were receiving a painful sound stimulation treatment; (ii) listening to the painful sounds (to create regions of interest). The observing videos component incorporated experimental manipulations of perspective taking (instructions to imagine 'Self' vs 'Other' experiencing pain) and cognitive appraisal (information about whether treatment was 'Effective' vs 'Not Effective'). When considering activation across experimental conditions, both groups showed similar dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) activation while merely observing others in pain. However, there were group differences associated with perspective taking: controls showed relatively greater dACC and AI activation for the Self vs Other contrast whereas patients showed relatively greater activation in these and additional regions for the Other vs Self contrast. Although patients demonstrated grossly intact neural activity while observing others in pain, they showed more subtle abnormalities when required to toggle between imagining themselves vs others experiencing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy M Jimenez
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael F Green
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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127
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Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW. Postmortem imaging and neuropathologic correlations. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 136:1321-39. [PMID: 27430472 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53486-6.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem imaging refers to scanning autopsy specimens using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or optical imaging. This chapter summarizes postmortem imaging and its usefulness in brain mapping. Standard in vivo MRI has limited resolution due to time constraints and does not deliver cortical boundaries (e.g., Brodmann areas). Postmortem imaging offers a means to obtain ultra-high-resolution images with appropriate contrast for delineating cortical regions. Postmortem imaging provides the ability to validate MRI properties against histologic stained sections. This approach has enabled probabilistic mapping that is based on ex vivo MRI contrast, validated to histology, and subsequently mapped on to an in vivo model. This chapter emphasizes structural imaging, which can be validated with histologic assessment. Postmortem imaging has been applied to neuropathologic studies as well. This chapter includes many ex vivo studies, but focuses on studies of the medial temporal lobe, often involved in neurologic disease. New research using optical imaging is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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128
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Mars RB, Verhagen L, Gladwin TE, Neubert FX, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. Comparing brains by matching connectivity profiles. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 60:90-7. [PMID: 26627865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The great promise of comparative neuroscience is to understand why brains differ by investigating the relations between variations in the organization of different brains, their evolutionary history, and their current ecological niche. For this approach to be successful, the organization of different brains needs to be quantifiable. Here, we present an approach to formally comparing the connectivity of different cortical areas across different brains. We exploit the fact that cortical regions can be characterized by the unique pattern of connectivity, the so-called connectivity fingerprint. By comparing connectivity fingerprints between cortical areas in the human and non-human primate brain we can identify between-species homologs, but also illustrate that is driving differences between species. We illustrate the approach by comparing the organization of the frontal cortex between humans and macaques, showing general similarities combined with some differences in the lateral frontal pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier B Mars
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Thomas E Gladwin
- Military Mental Health Research Centre, Ministry of Defence, The Netherlands and Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franz-Xaver Neubert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
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129
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Architectonic Mapping of the Human Brain beyond Brodmann. Neuron 2015; 88:1086-1107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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130
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Ray KL, Zald DH, Bludau S, Riedel MC, Bzdok D, Yanes J, Falcone KE, Amunts K, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Laird AR. Co-activation based parcellation of the human frontal pole. Neuroimage 2015; 123:200-11. [PMID: 26254112 PMCID: PMC4626376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the human frontal pole (FP) has been considered as a single architectonic area. Brodmann's area 10 is located in the frontal lobe with known contributions in the execution of various higher order cognitive processes. However, recent cytoarchitectural studies of the FP in humans have shown that this portion of cortex contains two distinct cytoarchitectonic regions. Since architectonic differences are accompanied by differential connectivity and functions, the frontal pole qualifies as a candidate region for exploratory parcellation into functionally discrete sub-regions. We investigated whether this functional heterogeneity is reflected in distinct segregations within cytoarchitectonically defined FP-areas using meta-analytic co-activation based parcellation (CBP). The CBP method examined the co-activation patterns of all voxels within the FP as reported in functional neuroimaging studies archived in the BrainMap database. Voxels within the FP were subsequently clustered into sub-regions based on the similarity of their respective meta-analytically derived co-activation maps. Performing this CBP analysis on the FP via k-means clustering produced a distinct 3-cluster parcellation for each hemisphere corresponding to previously identified cytoarchitectural differences. Post-hoc functional characterization of clusters via BrainMap metadata revealed that lateral regions of the FP mapped to memory and emotion domains, while the dorso- and ventromedial clusters were associated broadly with emotion and social cognition processes. Furthermore, the dorsomedial regions contain an emphasis on theory of mind and affective related paradigms whereas ventromedial regions couple with reward tasks. Results from this study support previous segregations of the FP and provide meta-analytic contributions to the ongoing discussion of elucidating functional architecture within human FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ray
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M C Riedel
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Bzdok
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Parietal Team, INRIA, NeuroSpin, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; NeuroSpin, CEA, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Yanes
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K E Falcone
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - S B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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131
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Predictive classification of pediatric bipolar disorder using atlas-based diffusion weighted imaging and support vector machines. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:265-271. [PMID: 26459075 PMCID: PMC4631706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported abnormalities of white-matter diffusivity in pediatric bipolar disorder. However, it has not been established whether these abnormalities are able to distinguish individual subjects with pediatric bipolar disorder from healthy controls with a high specificity and sensitivity. Diffusion-weighted imaging scans were acquired from 16 youths diagnosed with DSM-IV bipolar disorder and 16 demographically matched healthy controls. Regional white matter tissue microstructural measurements such as fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were computed using an atlas-based approach. These measurements were used to 'train' a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to predict new or 'unseen' subjects' diagnostic labels. The SVM algorithm predicted individual subjects with specificity=87.5%, sensitivity=68.75%, accuracy=78.12%, positive predictive value=84.62%, negative predictive value=73.68%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.7812 and chi-square p-value=0.0012. A pattern of reduced regional white matter fractional anisotropy was observed in pediatric bipolar disorder patients. These results suggest that atlas-based diffusion weighted imaging measurements can distinguish individual pediatric bipolar disorder patients from healthy controls. Notably, from a clinical perspective these findings will contribute to the pathophysiological understanding of pediatric bipolar disorder.
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132
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Itakura M, Yamanashi T, Sugie T, Miura A, Satake T, Iwata M, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Self-reported social functioning and prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:121-9. [PMID: 26382107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Impaired social functioning is a characteristic of schizophrenia that affects patients' quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task and establish its influence on psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, global functioning, and self-reported social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls participated in the study. We measured hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortical surface areas with 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a verbal fluency task (VFT). Self-reported social functioning was assessed using the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Regional hemodynamic responses were significantly smaller in the prefrontal and temporal regions in subjects with schizophrenia than in the controls, and prefrontal hemodynamic responses during the VFT showed a strong correlation with SFS total scores. These results suggest an association between self-reported social functioning and prefrontal activation in subjects with schizophrenia. The present study provides evidence that NIRS imaging could be helpful in understanding the neural basis of social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Itakura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugie
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akehiko Miura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Satake
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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133
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Mincic AM. Neuroanatomical correlates of negative emotionality-related traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2015; 77:97-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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134
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Guo JY, Huhtaniska S, Miettunen J, Jääskeläinen E, Kiviniemi V, Nikkinen J, Moilanen J, Haapea M, Mäki P, Jones PB, Veijola J, Isohanni M, Murray GK. Longitudinal regional brain volume loss in schizophrenia: Relationship to antipsychotic medication and change in social function. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:297-304. [PMID: 26189075 PMCID: PMC4604250 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia has been reported in previous studies but its cause and regional distribution remains unclear. We investigated progressive regional brain reductions in schizophrenia and correlations with potential mediators. METHOD Participants were drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. A total of 33 schizophrenia individuals and 71 controls were MRI scanned at baseline (mean age=34.7, SD=0.77) and at follow-up (mean age=43.4, SD=0.44). Regional brain change differences and associations with clinical mediators were examined using FSL voxelwise SIENA. RESULTS Schizophrenia cases exhibited greater progressive brain reductions than controls, mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes. The degree of periventricular brain volume reductions were predicted by antipsychotic medication exposure at the fourth ventricular edge and by the number of days in hospital between the scans (a proxy measure of relapse duration) at the thalamic ventricular border. Decline in social and occupational functioning was associated with right supramarginal gyrus reduction. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the possibility that antipsychotic medication exposure and time spent in relapse partially explain progressive brain reductions in schizophrenia. However, residual confounding could also account for the findings and caution must be applied before drawing causal inferences from associations demonstrated in observational studies of modest size. Less progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia may indicate better preserved social and occupational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y. Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Box 189 CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sanna Huhtaniska
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Nikkinen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Moilanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja Healthcare District, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, the Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Kiuru, Finland,Mental Health Services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District, Finland,Mental Health Services, Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland,Visala Hospital, the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Box 189 CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Group for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Graham K. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Box 189 CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom. Tel.: + 44 1223769499.
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135
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Chahine G, Diekhof EK, Tinnermann A, Gruber O. On the role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in cognitive ‘branching’: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2015; 77:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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136
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Cui Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Fan L, Li J, Zhang Y, Wu H, Hou B, Wang C, Zheng F, Qiu C, Rao LL, Ning Y, Li S, Jiang T. Genetic Effects on Fine-Grained Human Cortical Regionalization. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3732-43. [PMID: 26250778 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various brain structural and functional features such as cytoarchitecture, topographic mapping, gyral/sulcal anatomy, and anatomical and functional connectivity have been used in human brain parcellation. However, the fine-grained intrinsic genetic architecture of the cortex remains unknown. In the present study, we parcellated specific regions of the cortex into subregions based on genetic correlations (i.e., shared genetic influences) between the surface area of each pair of cortical locations within the seed region. The genetic correlations were estimated by comparing the correlations of the surface area between monozygotic and dizygotic twins using bivariate twin models. Our genetic subdivisions of diverse brain regions were reproducible across 2 independent datasets and corresponded closely to fine-grained functional specializations. Furthermore, subregional genetic correlation profiles were generally consistent with functional connectivity patterns. Our findings indicate that the magnitude of the genetic covariance in brain anatomy could be used to delineate the boundaries of functional subregions of the brain and may be of value in the next generation human brain atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
| | - Li-Lin Rao
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Shu Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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137
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Torrisi S, O'Connell K, Davis A, Reynolds R, Balderston N, Fudge JL, Grillon C, Ernst M. Resting state connectivity of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis at ultra-high field. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4076-88. [PMID: 26178381 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a portion of the "extended amygdala," is implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety and addiction disorders. Its small size and connection to other small regions prevents standard imaging techniques from easily capturing it and its connectivity with confidence. Seed-based resting state functional connectivity is an established method for mapping functional connections across the brain from a region of interest. We, therefore, mapped the BNST resting state network with high spatial resolution using 7 Tesla fMRI, demonstrating the in vivo reproduction of many human BNST connections previously described only in animal research. We identify strong BNST functional connectivity in amygdala, hippocampus and thalamic subregions, caudate, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus, and cortical areas such as the medial PFC and precuneus. This work, which demonstrates the power of ultra-high field for mapping functional connections in the human, is an important step toward elucidating cortical and subcortical regions and subregions of the BNST network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Torrisi
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine O'Connell
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Davis
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Balderston
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie L Fudge
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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138
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Behavioral consequences of selective damage to frontal pole and posterior cingulate cortices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3940-9. [PMID: 26150522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422629112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontal pole cortex (FPC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) have close neuroanatomical connections, and imaging studies have shown coactivation or codeactivation of these brain regions during performance of certain tasks. However, they are among the least well-understood regions of the primate brain. One reason for this is that the consequences of selective bilateral lesions to either structure have not previously been studied in any primate species. We studied the effects of circumscribed bilateral lesions to FPC or PCC on monkeys' ability to perform an analog of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and related tasks. In contrast to lesions in other prefrontal regions, neither posttraining FPC nor PCC lesions impaired animals' abilities to follow the rule switches that frequently occurred within the WCST task. However, FPC lesions were not without effect, because they augmented the ability of animals to adjust cognitive control after experiencing high levels of conflict (whereas PCC lesions did not have any effect). In addition, FPC-lesioned monkeys were more successful than controls or PCC-lesioned animals at remembering the relevant rule across experimentally imposed distractions involving either an intervening secondary task or a surprising delivery of free reward. Although prefrontal cortex posterior to FPC is specialized for mediating efficient goal-directed behavior to maximally exploit reward opportunities from ongoing tasks, our data led us to suggest that FPC is, instead, specialized for disengaging executive control from the current task and redistributing it to novel sources of reward to explore new opportunities/goals.
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139
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Weiner KS, Zilles K. The anatomical and functional specialization of the fusiform gyrus. Neuropsychologia 2015; 83:48-62. [PMID: 26119921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The fusiform gyrus (FG) is commonly included in anatomical atlases and is considered a key structure for functionally-specialized computations of high-level vision such as face perception, object recognition, and reading. However, it is not widely known that the FG has a contentious history. In this review, we first provide a historical analysis of the discovery of the FG and why certain features, such as the mid-fusiform sulcus, were discovered and then forgotten. We then discuss how observer-independent methods for identifying cytoarchitectonical boundaries of the cortex revolutionized our understanding of cytoarchitecture and the correspondence between those boundaries and cortical folding patterns of the FG. We further explain that the co-occurrence between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonical boundaries are more common than classically thought and also, are functionally meaningful especially on the FG and probably in high-level visual cortex more generally. We conclude by proposing a series of alternatives for how the anatomical organization of the FG can accommodate seemingly different theoretical aspects of functional processing, such as domain specificity and perceptual expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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140
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Llado-Saz S, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Increased levels of plasma amyloid-beta are related to cortical thinning and cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2791-7. [PMID: 26182906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of circulating amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides are of particular interest in Alzheimer' disease, but little is known about cognitive and cortical correlates of peripheral Aβ levels in normal aging. Here, we compared cognitive functioning, vascular risk factors, and patterns of cortical thickness between cognitively intact elderly subjects with low (N = 60) and high (N = 60) plasma Aβ levels (cutoffs: 225 pg/mL and 23 pg/mL for Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, respectively). Overall, subjects with high Aβ levels showed lower cognitive performance and thinner cortex than those with low Aβ levels. More specifically, subjects with high Aβ1-40 showed bilateral thinning of the prefrontal cortex, poorer objective memory, slower processing speed, and lower nonverbal reasoning skills, whereas subjects with high Aβ1-42 had thinner temporal lobe, poorer everyday memory, and increased levels of homocysteine. Overall, these results suggest that high plasma Aβ levels in normal elderly subjects are associated with subclinical markers of vulnerable aging, which may be helpful at predicting different trajectories of aging in cognitively intact older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Llado-Saz
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
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141
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Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:73-96. [PMID: 26112130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional organization of the parieto-frontal system is crucial for understanding cognitive-motor behavior and provides the basis for interpreting the consequences of parietal lesions in humans from a neurobiological perspective. The parieto-frontal connectivity defines some main information streams that, rather than being devoted to restricted functions, underlie a rich behavioral repertoire. Surprisingly, from macaque to humans, evolution has added only a few, new functional streams, increasing however their complexity and encoding power. In fact, the characterization of the conduction times of parietal and frontal areas to different target structures has recently opened a new window on cortical dynamics, suggesting that evolution has amplified the probability of dynamic interactions between the nodes of the network, thanks to communication patterns based on temporally-dispersed conduction delays. This might allow the representation of sensory-motor signals within multiple neural assemblies and reference frames, as to optimize sensory-motor remapping within an action space characterized by different and more complex demands across evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio M Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Brain and Mind Institute, Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Battaglia-Mayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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142
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Orr JM, Smolker HR, Banich MT. Organization of the Human Frontal Pole Revealed by Large-Scale DTI-Based Connectivity: Implications for Control of Behavior. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124797. [PMID: 25945925 PMCID: PMC4422440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to examine the pattern of anatomical connectivity of the human frontal pole so as to inform theories of function of the frontal pole, perhaps one of the least understood region of the human brain. Rather than simply parcellating the frontal pole into subregions, we focused on examining the brain regions to which the frontal pole is anatomically and functionally connected. While the current findings provided support for previous work suggesting the frontal pole is connected to higher-order sensory association cortex, we found novel evidence suggesting that the frontal pole in humans is connected to posterior visual cortex. Furthermore, we propose a functional framework that incorporates these anatomical connections with existing cognitive theories of the functional organization of the frontal pole. In addition to a previously discussed medial-lateral distinction, we propose a dorsal-ventral gradient based on the information the frontal pole uses to guide behavior. We propose that dorsal regions are connected to other prefrontal regions that process goals and action plans, medial regions are connected to other brain regions that monitor action outcomes and motivate behaviors, and ventral regions connect to regions that process information about stimuli, values, and emotion. By incorporating information across these different levels of information, the frontal pole can effectively guide goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Orr
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Harry R. Smolker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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143
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Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2695-704. [PMID: 25947150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410767112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward-guided decision-making depends on a network of brain regions. Among these are the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortex. However, it is difficult to ascertain if these areas constitute anatomical and functional unities, and how these areas correspond between monkeys and humans. To address these questions we looked at connectivity profiles of these areas using resting-state functional MRI in 38 humans and 25 macaque monkeys. We sought brain regions in the macaque that resembled 10 human areas identified with decision making and brain regions in the human that resembled six macaque areas identified with decision making. We also used diffusion-weighted MRI to delineate key human orbital and medial frontal brain regions. We identified 21 different regions, many of which could be linked to particular aspects of reward-guided learning, valuation, and decision making, and in many cases we identified areas in the macaque with similar coupling profiles.
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144
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Functional organization of human subgenual cortical areas: Relationship between architectonical segregation and connectional heterogeneity. Neuroimage 2015; 115:177-90. [PMID: 25937490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is involved in affective experiences and fear processing. Functional neuroimaging studies view it as a homogeneous cortical entity. However, sACC comprises several distinct cyto- and receptorarchitectonical areas: 25, s24, s32, and the ventral portion of area 33. Thus, we hypothesized that the areas may also be connectionally and functionally distinct. We performed structural post mortem and functional in vivo analyses. We computed probabilistic maps of each area based on cytoarchitectonical analysis of ten post mortem brains. Maps, publicly available via the JuBrain atlas and the Anatomy Toolbox, were used to define seed regions of task-dependent functional connectivity profiles and quantitative functional decoding. sACC areas presented distinct co-activation patterns within widespread networks encompassing cortical and subcortical regions. They shared common functional domains related to emotion, perception and cognition. A more specific analysis of these domains revealed an association of s24 with sadness, and of s32 with fear processing. Both areas were activated during taste evaluation, and co-activated with the amygdala, a key node of the affective network. s32 co-activated with areas of the executive control network, and was associated with tasks probing cognition in which stimuli did not have an emotional component. Area 33 was activated by painful stimuli, and co-activated with areas of the sensorimotor network. These results support the concept of a connectional and functional specificity of the cyto- and receptorarchitectonically defined areas within the sACC, which can no longer be seen as a structurally and functionally homogeneous brain region.
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145
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Neural representation of swallowing is retained with age. A functional neuroimaging study validated by classical and Bayesian inference. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:308-17. [PMID: 25771712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the neural representation of swallowing in two age groups for a total of 51 healthy participants (seniors: average age 64 years; young adults: average age 24 years) using high spatial resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Two statistical comparisons (classical and Bayesian inference) revealed no significant differences between subject groups, apart from higher cortical activation for the seniors in the frontal pole 1 of Brodmann's Area 10 using Bayesian inference. Seniors vs. young participants showed longer reaction times and higher skin conductance response (SCR) during swallowing. We found a positive association of SCR and fMRI-activation only among seniors in areas processing sensorimotor performance, arousal and emotional perception. The results indicate that the highly automated swallowing network retains its functionality with age. However, seniors with higher SCR during swallowing appear to also engage areas involved in attention control and emotional regulation, possibly suggesting increased attention and emotional demands during task performance.
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146
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Lambert C, Zrinzo L, Nagy Z, Lutti A, Hariz M, Foltynie T, Draganski B, Ashburner J, Frackowiak R. Do we need to revise the tripartite subdivision hypothesis of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN)? Response to Alkemade and Forstmann. Neuroimage 2015; 110:1-2. [PMID: 25620491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently in this journal, Alkemade and Forstmann again challenged the evidence for a tripartite organisation to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Alkemade & Forstmann 2014). Additionally, they raised specific issues with the earlier published results using 3T MRI to perform in vivo diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) based segmentation of the STN (Lambert et al. 2012). Their comments reveal a common misconception related to the underlying methodologies used, which we clarify in this reply, in addition to highlighting how their current conclusions are synonymous with our original paper. The ongoing debate, instigated by the controversies surrounding STN parcellation, raises important implications for the assumptions and methodologies employed in mapping functional brain anatomy, both in vivo and ex vivo, and reveals a fundamental emergent problem with the current techniques. These issues are reviewed, and potential strategies that could be developed to manage them in the future are discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lambert
- Clinical Neuroscience, St George's University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS Lab), University Hospital Zürich, P.O. Box 146, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Antoine Lutti
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Ashburner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Richard Frackowiak
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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147
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Neggers SFW, Zandbelt BB, Schall MS, Schall JD. Comparative diffusion tractography of corticostriatal motor pathways reveals differences between humans and macaques. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2164-72. [PMID: 25589589 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00569.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primate corticobasal ganglia circuits are understood to be segregated into parallel anatomically and functionally distinct loops. Anatomical and physiological studies in macaque monkeys are summarized as showing that an oculomotor loop begins with projections from the frontal eye fields (FEF) to the caudate nucleus, and a motor loop begins with projections from the primary motor cortex (M1) to the putamen. However, recent functional and structural neuroimaging studies of the human corticostriatal system report evidence inconsistent with this organization. To obtain conclusive evidence, we directly compared the pattern of connectivity between cortical motor areas and the striatum in humans and macaques in vivo using probabilistic diffusion tractography. In macaques we found that FEF is connected with the head of the caudate and anterior putamen, and M1 is connected with more posterior sections of the caudate and putamen, corroborating neuroanatomical tract tracing findings. However, in humans FEF and M1 are connected to largely overlapping portions of posterior putamen and only a small portion of the caudate. These results demonstrate that the corticobasal connectivity for the oculomotor and primary motor loop is not entirely segregated for primates at a macroscopic level and that the description of the anatomical connectivity of corticostriatal motor systems in humans does not parallel that of macaques, perhaps because of an expansion of prefrontal projections to striatum in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F W Neggers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - B B Zandbelt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Schall
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - J D Schall
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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148
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Bzdok D, Heeger A, Langner R, Laird AR, Fox PT, Palomero-Gallagher N, Vogt BA, Zilles K, Eickhoff SB. Subspecialization in the human posterior medial cortex. Neuroimage 2014; 106:55-71. [PMID: 25462801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior medial cortex (PMC) is particularly poorly understood. Its neural activity changes have been related to highly disparate mental processes. We therefore investigated PMC properties with a data-driven exploratory approach. First, we subdivided the PMC by whole-brain coactivation profiles. Second, functional connectivity of the ensuing PMC regions was compared by task-constrained meta-analytic coactivation mapping (MACM) and task-unconstrained resting-state correlations (RSFC). Third, PMC regions were functionally described by forward/reverse functional inference. A precuneal cluster was mostly connected to the intraparietal sulcus, frontal eye fields, and right temporo-parietal junction; associated with attention and motor tasks. A ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cluster was mostly connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and middle left inferior parietal cortex (IPC); associated with facial appraisal and language tasks. A dorsal PCC cluster was mostly connected to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior IPC, posterior midcingulate cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; associated with delay discounting. A cluster in the retrosplenial cortex was mostly connected to the anterior thalamus and hippocampus. Furthermore, all PMC clusters were congruently coupled with the default mode network according to task-unconstrained but not task-constrained connectivity. We thus identified distinct regions in the PMC and characterized their neural networks and functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Bzdok
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian Heeger
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Brent A Vogt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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149
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Mars RB, Neubert FX, Verhagen L, Sallet J, Miller KL, Dunbar RIM, Barton RA. Primate comparative neuroscience using magnetic resonance imaging: promises and challenges. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:298. [PMID: 25339857 PMCID: PMC4186285 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate comparative anatomy is an established field that has made rich and substantial contributions to neuroscience. However, the labor-intensive techniques employed mean that most comparisons are often based on a small number of species, which limits the conclusions that can be drawn. In this review we explore how new developments in magnetic resonance imaging have the potential to apply comparative neuroscience to a much wider range of species, allowing it to realize an even greater potential. We discuss (1) new advances in the types of data that can be acquired, (2) novel methods for extracting meaningful measures from such data that can be compared between species, and (3) methods to analyse these measures within a phylogenetic framework. Together these developments will allow researchers to characterize the relationship between different brains, the ecological niche they occupy, and the behavior they produce in more detail than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier B. Mars
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | | | - Lennart Verhagen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - Karla L. Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
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150
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Langner R, Rottschy C, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revisited: controlling for activation base rates. Neuroimage 2014; 99:559-70. [PMID: 24945668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-activation of distinct brain regions is a measure of functional interaction, or connectivity, between those regions. The co-activation pattern of a given region can be investigated using seed-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data stored in databases such as BrainMap. This method reveals inter-regional functional connectivity by determining brain regions that are consistently co-activated with a given region of interest (the "seed") across a broad range of experiments. In current implementations of this meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), significant spatial convergence (i.e. consistent co-activation) is distinguished from noise by comparing it against an unbiased null-distribution of random spatial associations between experiments according to which all gray-matter voxels have the same chance of convergence. As the a priori probability of finding activation in different voxels markedly differs across the brain, computing such a quasi-rectangular null-distribution renders the detection of significant convergence more likely in those voxels that are frequently activated. Here, we propose and test a modified MACM approach that takes this activation frequency bias into account. In this new specific co-activation likelihood estimation (SCALE) algorithm, a null-distribution is generated that reflects the base rate of reporting activation in any given voxel and thus equalizes the a priori chance of finding across-study convergence in each voxel of the brain. Using four exemplary seed regions (right visual area V4, left anterior insula, right intraparietal sulcus, and subgenual cingulum), our tests corroborated the enhanced specificity of the modified algorithm, indicating that SCALE may be especially useful for delineating distinct core networks of co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Langner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Claudia Rottschy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, and South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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