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Wisniewski T, Drummond E. Future horizons in Alzheimer's disease research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 168:223-241. [PMID: 31699317 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There are growing genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data pointing to the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Unbiased "omics" approaches are essential for the future development of effective AD research, which will need to be combined and personalized, given that multiple distinct pathways can drive AD pathology. It is essential to gain a better understanding of the AD pathogenesis subtype variety and to develop several distinct therapeutic approaches tailored to address this diversity, as well as the common presence of mixed pathologies. These nonmutually exclusive therapeutic approaches include the targeting of multiple toxic oligomeric species concurrently, targeting the apolipoprotein E/amyloid β interaction and the modulation of innate immunity, as well as more "out of the box" ideas such as targeting infectious agents that may play a role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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102
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Zhang M, Xie M, Wei D, Wang L, Hu M, Zhang Q, He Z, Peng W, Wu C. Hydroxy-α-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum attenuates learning and memory impairments in scopolamine-treated mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:7315-7324. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory impairments are common symptoms of dementia in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Mingguo Xie
- Department of Radiology
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 610075
- P.R. China
| | - Daneng Wei
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Meibian Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Zuxin He
- Sichuan Sino-Dandard Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Luxi industrial development zone
- Mianyang 621101
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- P.R. China
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103
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Abstract
Symptomatic treatment options for Parkinson disease have steadily improved, and individualized therapeutic approaches are becoming established for every stage of the disease. However, disease-modifying therapy with a causal approach is still unavailable. The central causative role of alpha-synuclein pathology, including its progressive spread to most areas of the CNS, has been widely recognized, and a strong involvement of immune responses has recently been discovered. New immunologic technologies have been shown to effectively prevent the progression of alpha-synuclein pathology in animal models. These approaches have recently been translated into the first human clinical trials, representing a novel starting point for the causal therapy of Parkinson disease. In this review, the pathomechanistic role of alpha-synuclein and its influence on the surrounding cellular environment are analyzed with a strong focus on immune responses and neuroinflammation. The potential of novel immunotherapeutic approaches that reduce the burden of alpha-synuclein pathology in the CNS is critically evaluated, and currently ongoing human clinical trials are presented. The clinical development of these new immunotherapies is progressing rapidly and gives reason to hope that a causal therapy of Parkinson disease could be possible in the foreseeable future.
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104
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Immunomodulation via Toll-like Receptor 9: An Adjunct Therapy Strategy against Alzheimer's Disease? J Neurosci 2018; 37:4864-4867. [PMID: 28490638 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0579-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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105
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Aducanumab Therapy Ameliorates Calcium Overload in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2018; 37:4430-4432. [PMID: 28446659 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0420-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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106
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Bartus É, Olajos G, Schuster I, Bozsó Z, Deli MA, Veszelka S, Walter FR, Datki Z, Szakonyi Z, Martinek TA, Fülöp L. Structural Optimization of Foldamer-Dendrimer Conjugates as Multivalent Agents against the Toxic Effects of Amyloid Beta Oligomers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102523. [PMID: 30279351 PMCID: PMC6222781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Despite several in vivo and clinical studies, the cause of the disease is poorly understood. Currently, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and its tendency to assemble into soluble oligomers are known as a main pathogenic event leading to the interruption of synapses and brain degeneration. Targeting neurotoxic Aβ oligomers can help recognize the disease at an early stage or it can be a potential therapeutic approach. Unnatural β-peptidic foldamers are successfully used against many different protein targets due to their favorable structural and pharmacokinetic properties compared to small molecule or protein-like drug candidates. We have previously reported a tetravalent foldamer-dendrimer conjugate which can selectively bind Aβ oligomers. Taking advantage of multivalency and foldamers, we synthesized different multivalent foldamer-based conjugates to optimize the geometry of the ligand. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to measure binding affinity to Aβ, thereafter 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based tissue viability assay and impedance-based viability assay on SH-SY5Y cells were applied to monitor Aβ toxicity and protective effects of the compounds. Important factors for high binding affinity were determined and a good correlation was found between influencing the valence and the capability of the conjugates for Aβ binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bartus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Olajos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Schuster
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of HAS, Temesvári krt. 26, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of HAS, Temesvári krt. 26, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of HAS, Temesvári krt. 26, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt. 57, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tamás A Martinek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Livia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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107
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Dhouafli Z, Cuanalo-Contreras K, Hayouni EA, Mays CE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Inhibition of protein misfolding and aggregation by natural phenolic compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3521-3538. [PMID: 30030591 PMCID: PMC11105286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation into fibrillar deposits is a common feature of a large group of degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system or peripheral organs, termed protein misfolding disorders (PMDs). Despite their established toxic nature, clinical trials aiming to reduce misfolded aggregates have been unsuccessful in treating or curing PMDs. An interesting possibility for disease intervention is the regular intake of natural food or herbal extracts, which contain active molecules that inhibit aggregation or induce the disassembly of misfolded aggregates. Among natural compounds, phenolic molecules are of particular interest, since most have dual activity as amyloid aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants. In this article, we review many phenolic natural compounds which have been reported in diverse model systems to have the potential to delay or prevent the development of various PMDs, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, systemic amyloidosis, and type 2 diabetes. The lower toxicity of natural compounds compared to synthetic chemical molecules suggest that they could serve as a good starting point to discover protein misfolding inhibitors that might be useful for the treatment of various incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Dhouafli
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - El Akrem Hayouni
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Charles E Mays
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.
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108
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Chakrabarty P, Li A, Ladd TB, Strickland MR, Koller EJ, Burgess JD, Funk CC, Cruz PE, Allen M, Yaroshenko M, Wang X, Younkin C, Reddy J, Lohrer B, Mehrke L, Moore BD, Liu X, Ceballos-Diaz C, Rosario AM, Medway C, Janus C, Li HD, Dickson DW, Giasson BI, Price ND, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N, Golde TE. TLR5 decoy receptor as a novel anti-amyloid therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2247-2264. [PMID: 30158114 PMCID: PMC6122970 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in harnessing innate immunity to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we explore whether a decoy receptor strategy using the ectodomain of select TLRs has therapeutic potential in AD. AAV-mediated expression of human TLR5 ectodomain (sTLR5) alone or fused to human IgG4 Fc (sTLR5Fc) results in robust attenuation of amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer-type Aβ pathology. sTLR5Fc binds to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ with high affinity, forms complexes with Aβ, and blocks Aβ toxicity. Oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ modulates flagellin-mediated activation of human TLR5 but does not, by itself, activate TLR5 signaling. Genetic analysis shows that rare protein coding variants in human TLR5 may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. Further, transcriptome analysis shows altered TLR gene expression in human AD. Collectively, our data suggest that TLR5 decoy receptor-based biologics represent a novel and safe Aβ-selective class of biotherapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew Li
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael R Strickland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Emily J Koller
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Pedro E Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mariya Yaroshenko
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Curtis Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Joseph Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Leonie Mehrke
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Awilda M Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Christopher Janus
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Benoit I Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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109
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Jian WX, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Potential roles of brain barrier dysfunctions in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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110
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. The potential importance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3099-3120. [PMID: 29779041 PMCID: PMC11105369 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown, but the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and chronic inflammation indicates that immune disturbances are involved in AD pathogenesis. Recent genetic studies have revealed that many candidate genes are expressed in both microglia and myeloid cells which infiltrate into the AD brains. Invading myeloid cells controls the functions of resident microglia in pathological conditions, such as AD pathology. AD is a neurologic disease with inflammatory component where the immune system is not able to eliminate the perpetrator, while, concurrently, it should prevent neuronal injuries induced by inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that AD brains are an immunosuppressive microenvironment, e.g., microglial cells are hyporesponsive to Aβ deposits and anti-inflammatory cytokines enhance Aβ deposition. Immunosuppression is a common element in pathological disorders involving chronic inflammation. Studies on cancer-associated inflammation have demonstrated that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a crucial role in the immune escape of tumor cells. Immunosuppression is not limited to tumors, since MDSCs can be recruited into chronically inflamed tissues where inflammatory mediators enhance the proliferation and activation of MDSCs. AD brains express a range of chemokines and cytokines which could recruit and expand MDSCs in inflamed AD brains and thus generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Several neuroinflammatory disorders, e.g., the early phase of AD pathology, have been associated with an increase in the level of circulating MDSCs. We will elucidate the immunosuppressive armament of MDSCs and present evidences in support of the crucial role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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111
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Ghezali L, Capone C, Baron-Menguy C, Ratelade J, Christensen S, Østergaard Pedersen L, Domenga-Denier V, Pedersen JT, Joutel A. Notch3 ECD immunotherapy improves cerebrovascular responses in CADASIL mice. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:246-259. [PMID: 30014602 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), caused by dominant mutations in the NOTCH3 receptor, is the most aggressive small vessel disease of the brain. A key feature of its pathogenesis is accumulation of the extracellular domain of NOTCH3 receptor (Notch3ECD ) in small vessels, with formation of characteristic extracellular deposits termed granular osmiophilic material (GOM). Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a mouse monoclonal antibody (5E1) that specifically recognizes Notch3ECD . METHODS The binding affinity of 5E1 toward purified NOTCH3 was assessed using Octet analysis. The ability of 5E1 to bind Notch3ECD deposits in brain vessels and its effects on disease-related phenotypes were evaluated in the CADASIL mouse model, which overexpresses a mutant rat NOTCH3. Notch3ECD and GOM deposition, white matter lesions, and cerebral blood flow deficits were assessed at treatment initiation (10 weeks) and study completion (30 weeks) using quantitative immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and laser-Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS 5E1 antibody bound recombinant rat NOTCH3 with an average affinity of 317nM. A single peripheral injection of 5E1 robustly decorated Notch3ECD deposits in the brain vasculature. Chronic administration of 5E1 did not attenuate Notch3ECD or GOM deposition and was not associated with perivascular microglial activation. It also failed to halt the development of white matter lesions. Despite this, 5E1 treatment markedly protected against impaired cerebral blood flow responses to neural activity and topical application of vasodilators and normalized myogenic responses of cerebral arteries. INTERPRETATION This study establishes immunotherapy targeting Notch3ECD as a new avenue for disease-modifying treatment in CADASIL that warrants further development. Ann Neurol 2018;84:246-259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ghezali
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capone
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Baron-Menguy
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Julien Ratelade
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Domenga-Denier
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Joutel
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,University Hospital Department NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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112
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Zhu W, Wang Y, Xie D, Cheng L, Wang P, Zeng Q, Li M, Zhao Y. In Situ Monitoring the Aggregation Dynamics of Amyloid-β Protein Aβ42 in Physiological Media via a Raman-Based Frequency Shift Method. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:814-824. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
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113
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Ștefănescu R, Lupu L, Manea M, Iacob RE, Przybylski M. Molecular characterization of the β-amyloid(4-10) epitope of plaque specific Aβ antibodies by affinity-mass spectrometry using alanine site mutation. J Pept Sci 2018; 24. [PMID: 29322650 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting an increasing number of patients worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies are directed to molecules capable to block the aggregation of the β-amyloid(1-42) (Aβ) peptide and its shorter naturally occurring peptide fragments into toxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Aβ-specific antibodies have been recently developed as powerful antiaggregation tools. The identification and functional characterization of the epitope structures of Aβ antibodies contributes to the elucidation of their mechanism of action in the human organism. In previous studies, the Aβ(4-10) peptide has been identified as an epitope for the polyclonal anti-Aβ(1-42) antibody that has been shown capable to reduce amyloid deposition in a transgenic Alzheimer disease mouse model. To determine the functional significance of the amino acid residues involved in binding to the antibody, we report here the effects of alanine single-site mutations within the Aβ-epitope sequence on the antigen-antibody interaction. Specific identification of the essential affinity preserving mutant peptides was obtained by exposing a Sepharose-immobilized antibody column to an equimolar mixture of mutant peptides, followed by analysis of bound peptides using high-resolution MALDI-Fourier transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry. For the polyclonal antibody, affinity was preserved in the H6A, D7A, S8A, and G9A mutants but was lost in the F4, R5, and Y10 mutants, indicating these residues as essential amino acids for binding. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed the binding differences of the mutant peptides to the polyclonal antibody. In contrast, the mass spectrometric analysis of the mutant Aβ(4-10) peptides upon affinity binding to a monoclonal anti-Aβ(1-17) antibody showed complete loss of binding by Ala-site mutation of any residue of the Aβ(4-10) epitope. Surface plasmon resonance affinity determination of wild-type Aβ(1-17) to the monoclonal Aβ antibody provided a binding constant KD in the low nanomolar range. These results provide valuable information in the elucidation of the binding mechanism and the development of Aβ-specific antibodies with improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ștefănescu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Loredana Lupu
- Steinbeis Centre for Biopolymer Analysis and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 65428, Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany.,Proteome Center, Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Steinbeis Centre for Biopolymer Analysis and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 65428, Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany
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Herline K, Drummond E, Wisniewski T. Recent advancements toward therapeutic vaccines against Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:707-721. [PMID: 30005578 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by protein aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. These proteins have normal physiological functions, but in AD, they undergo a conformational change and aggregate as toxic oligomeric and fibrillar species with a high β-sheet content. AREAS COVERED Active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches are among the most attractive methods for targeting misfolded Aβ and tau. Promising preclinical testing of various immunotherapeutic approaches has yet to translate to cognitive benefits in human clinical trials. Knowledge gained from these past failures has led to the development of second-generation Aβ-active immunotherapies, anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies targeting a wide array of Aβ conformations, and to a number of immunotherapies targeting pathological tau. This review covers the more recent advances in vaccine development for AD from 2016 to present. EXPERT COMMENTARY Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD, greatest clinical efficacy will most likely be achieved by concurrently targeting the most toxic forms of both Aβ and tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Herline
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,c Pathology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,d Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Lieberman JA, Girgis RR, Brucato G, Moore H, Provenzano F, Kegeles L, Javitt D, Kantrowitz J, Wall MM, Corcoran CM, Schobel SA, Small SA. Hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: a selective review and hypothesis for early detection and intervention. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1764-1772. [PMID: 29311665 PMCID: PMC6037569 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have long sought to characterize the pathophysiologic basis of schizophrenia and develop biomarkers that could identify the illness. Extensive postmortem and in vivo neuroimaging research has described the early involvement of the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this context, we have developed a hypothesis that describes the evolution of schizophrenia-from the premorbid through the prodromal stages to syndromal psychosis-and posits dysregulation of glutamate neurotransmission beginning in the CA1 region of the hippocampus as inducing attenuated psychotic symptoms and initiating the transition to syndromal psychosis. As the illness progresses, this pathological process expands to other regions of the hippocampal circuit and projection fields in other anatomic areas including the frontal cortex, and induces an atrophic process in which hippocampal neuropil is reduced and interneurons are lost. This paper will describe the studies of our group and other investigators supporting this pathophysiological hypothesis, as well as its implications for early detection and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - RR Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Brucato
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Provenzano
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - MM Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - CM Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SA Schobel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SA Small
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Feng G, Zheng C, Hui J. Early Aβ-HBc virus-like particles immunization had better effects on preventing the deficit of learning and memory abilities and reducing cerebral Aβ load in PDAPP mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:5258-5264. [PMID: 30055971 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For nearly two decades, immunization against the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) has been investigated as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite some disappointing results in clinic trials, greater significance has been attached by some researchers to exploring the immune effects on pathological and cognitive changes in AD or producing new vaccines of AD. In the previous study, we have made a virus-like particles (Aβ-HBc VLPs) as Aβ vaccine candidate. Aβ-HBc VLPs could ameliorate the learning and memory abilities and reduce cerebral Aβ deposit in the old PDAPP mice. In the present study, to observe the preventive effect and the proper time of immunization, 3, 6 and 9-month old PDAPP mice were immunized with Aβ-HBc VLPs for 3 months. All mice generated high titer of anti-Aβ antibody after Aβ-HBc VLPs immunizations. When the mice were 15-month old, Morris Water Maze was used to test their learning and memory abilities. The escape latencies of Aβ-HBc VLPs immunized mice were shorter than that of control mice. These immunized mice entered platform region frequently and spent more time on the platform region and quadrant. 3 m and 6 m Aβ-HBc VLPs immunized groups performed better than the 9 m group. In immunohistochemistry tests, all the Aβ-HBc VLPs immunized mice had less amyloid deposit in cortex and hippocampus. ELISA results showed that soluble Aβ was reduced in the brain homogenates of the Aβ-HBc VLPs immunized mice, and 3- and 6-month groups had less soluble Aβ than the 9-month group. In conclusion, our study showed that Aβ-HBc VLPs immunization could elicit a strong immune response in adult APP mice, and early immunization had better effects on preventing learning and memory deficits, lowering Aβ burden in PDAPP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifeng Feng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Caifeng Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Emergency Surgery, Ankang City Central Hospital, 85# Jinzhou Street, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Jianjun Hui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Emergency Surgery, Ankang City Central Hospital, 85# Jinzhou Street, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
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Lv C, Ma Q, Han B, Li J, Geng Y, Zhang X, Wang M. Long-Term DL-3- n-Butylphthalide Treatment Alleviates Cognitive Impairment Correlate With Improving Synaptic Plasticity in SAMP8 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:200. [PMID: 30026693 PMCID: PMC6041467 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide. AD is characterized by mild cognitive impairment at onset, irreversibly progressing with age to severe neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in the late stages. Unfortunately, no effective treatments exist to prevent or delay the cognitive symptoms of AD. Studies have shown that DL-3-n-butylphthalide (DL-NBP) alleviates cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-β in mice by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and decreasing tau phosphorylation. In this study, we examined the effects of DL-NBP administration on cognitive function in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of age-related dementia. DL-NBP treatment for 3 months alleviated cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice as assessed by performance in the Morris water maze test. Moreover, DL-NBP significantly increased the expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, indicative of a protective effect on hippocampal structural synaptic plasticity. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling, previously shown to promote synaptic plasticity, was significantly enhanced by the DL-NBP administration. Our findings suggest that DL-NBP is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and may serve as the foundation for further research into the development of AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qinying Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ji M, Xie XX, Liu DQ, Yu XL, Zhang Y, Zhang LX, Wang SW, Huang YR, Liu RT. Hepatitis B core VLP-based mis-disordered tau vaccine elicits strong immune response and alleviates cognitive deficits and neuropathology progression in Tau.P301S mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:55. [PMID: 29914543 PMCID: PMC6006857 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Truncated mis-disordered tau protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Tau294–305, an epitope in the truncated tau, is essential for pathological tau-tau interaction and aggregation. A tau294–305-targeted approach may have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD and FTD. Methods In this study, we genetically fused tau294–305 epitope to the hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) major immunodominant region (MIR) (with the resultant protein termed T294-HBc), and we subcutaneously immunized a Tau.P301S transgenic mouse model of FTD and AD with T294-HBc four times. The levels and characteristics of antibodies induced by T294-HBc were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of T294-HBc on the cognitive deficits of Tau.P301S mice was tested using the Morris water maze test, novel object recognition, and a Y-maze test. Western blot analysis and IHC were applied to measure the effect of T294-HBc on tau pathologies and neuroinflammation in the mouse brains. Results The results showed that T294-HBc self-assembled into HBc chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) with tau294–305 displayed on the surface and that it induced high antibody titers specifically against the mis-disordered truncated tau. Further investigation showed that these antibodies simultaneously bound to microtubule-binding regions 1–4 (MTBR1–4) [tau263–274, tau294–305, tau325–336, tau357–368 and tau294–305(P301S)]. Moreover, T294-HBc VLP vaccination significantly ameliorated memory and cognitive decline; reduced the levels of AT8-positive tau, truncated tau monomer, and oligomer; attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis; and rescued synaptic deficits in Tau.P301S transgenic mice. Conclusions T294-HBc VLP vaccine elicited strong immune response and alleviated cognitive deficits and neuropathology progression in Tau.P301S mice, indicating that the T294-HBc VLP vaccine has promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi-Xiu Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong-Qun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shao-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ya-Ru Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Herline K, Prelli F, Mehta P, MacMurray C, Goñi F, Wisniewski T. Immunotherapy to improve cognition and reduce pathological species in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:54. [PMID: 29914551 PMCID: PMC6006698 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by physiologically endogenous proteins amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau undergoing a conformational change and accumulating as soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates. Tau and Aβ soluble oligomers, which contain extensive β-sheet secondary structure, are thought to be the most toxic forms. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of TWF9, an anti-β-sheet conformation antibody (aβComAb), to selectively recognize pathological Aβ and phosphorylated tau in AD human tissue compared with cognitively normal age-matched controls and to improve the performance of old 3xTg-AD mice with advanced pathology in behavioral testing after acute treatment with TWF9. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to characterize TWF9 specificity. We further assessed cognitive performance in old (18–22 months) 3xTg-AD mice using both a Barnes maze and novel object recognition after intraperitoneal administration of TWF9 (4 mg/kg) biweekly for 2 weeks before the start of behavioral testing. Injections continued for the duration of the behavioral testing, which lasted 2 weeks. Results Histological analysis of TWF9 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human control and AD (ABC score: A3B3C3) brain tissue revealed preferential cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in neurons in the AD tissue compared with controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ELISA using oligomeric and monomeric Aβ showed a preferential affinity for oligomeric Aβ. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that TWF9 extracted both phosphorylated tau (p < 0.01) and Aβ (p < 0.01) from fresh frozen brain tissues. Results show that treated old 3xTg-AD mice have an enhanced novel object recognition memory (p < 0.01) and Barnes maze performance (p = 0.05) compared with control animals. Overall plaque burden, neurofibrillary tangles, microgliosis, and astrocytosis remained unchanged. Soluble phosphorylated tau was significantly reduced in TWF9-treated mice (p < 0.05), and there was a trend for a reduction in soluble Aβ levels in the brain homogenates of female 3xTg-AD mice (p = 0.06). Conclusions This study shows that acute treatment with an aβComAb can effectively improve performance in behavioral testing without reduction of amyloid plaque burden, and that peripherally administered IgG can affect levels of pathological species in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Herline
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, USA
| | | | - Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Nakamura N, Ohyagi Y, Imamura T, Yanagihara YT, Iinuma KM, Soejima N, Murai H, Yamasaki R, Kira JI. Apomorphine Therapy for Neuronal Insulin Resistance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:1151-1161. [PMID: 28550243 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Apomorphine (APO) promotes intraneuronal amyloid-β (Aβ) degradation and improves memory function in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, 3xTg-AD mice. Since insulin resistance is increased in AD neurons, we investigated the effects of APO on brain insulin resistance in 3xTg-AD mice at early and late stages. After 1-month subcutaneous injection of Apokyn® to 3xTg-AD mice at 6 or 12 months of age, memory function was significantly improved in both age groups. Protein levels of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), which is linked to insulin signaling and degrades Aβ, significantly increased in the 3xTg-AD mice brain compared with non-transgenic mice, and were further increased by APO. Protein levels of two types of serine-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), pS616 and pS636/639, significantly decreased following APO treatment in the 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice brain, suggesting improved brain insulin resistance. Immunostaining of the IDE, pS616 and pS636/639 IRS-1 demonstrated similar changes due to APO treatment. Thus, brain insulin resistance is considered an important therapeutic target in AD, and APO may provide improved neuronal insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimichi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki T Yanagihara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Soejima
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- Department of Neurological Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cacabelos R. Have there been improvements in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery over the past 5 years? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:523-538. [PMID: 29607687 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1457645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important neurodegenerative disorder with a global cost worldwide of over $700 billion. Pharmacological treatment accounts for 10-20% of direct costs; no new drugs have been approved during the past 15 years; and the available medications are not cost-effective. Areas covered: A massive scrutiny of AD-related PubMed publications (ps)(2013-2017) identified 42,053ps of which 8,380 (19.60%) were associated with AD treatments. The most prevalent pharmacological categories included neurotransmitter enhancers (11.38%), multi-target drugs (2.45%), anti-Amyloid agents (13.30%), anti-Tau agents (2.03%), natural products and derivatives (25.58%), novel drugs (8.13%), novel targets (5.66%), other (old) drugs (11.77%), anti-inflammatory drugs (1.20%), neuroprotective peptides (1.25%), stem cell therapy (1.85%), nanocarriers/nanotherapeutics (1.52%), and others (<1% each). Expert opinion: Unsuccessful outcomes in AD therapeutics are attributed to pathogenic misconceptions, erratic procedures in drug development and inappropriate regulations. Recommendations for the future are as follows: (i) the reconsideration of dominant pathogenic theories, (ii) the identification of reliable biomarkers, (iii) the redefinition of diagnostic criteria, (iv) new guidelines for disease management, (v) the reorientation of drug discovery programs, (vi) the updating of regulatory requirements, (vii) the introduction of pharmacogenomics in drug development and personalized treatments, and (viii) the implementation of preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- a EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center , Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine , Corunna , Spain.,b Chair of Genomic Medicine , Continental University Medical School , Huancayo , Peru
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Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Barshatzky M, Mehta SP, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Wegiel J, Wisniewski T, Miller DL. Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Pyroglutamate Amyloid-β3-42 (pE3-Aβ). J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1635-1649. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bruce A. Patrick
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Marc Barshatzky
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Sangita P. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L. Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Manoutcharian K, Perez-Garmendia R, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:779-788. [PMID: 27697033 PMCID: PMC5771054 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x01666160930121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins and offer important advantages compared with conventional monoclonal antibodies: extreme specificity, higher affinity, superior stability and solubility, reduced immunogenicity as well as easy and inexpensive large-scale production. OBJECTIVE In this article we will review and discuss recombinant antibodies that are being evaluated for neurodegenerative diseases in pre-clinical models and in clinical studies and will summarize new strategies that are being developed to optimize their stability, specificity and potency for advancing their use. METHODS Articles describing recombinant antibody fragments used for neurological diseases were selected (PubMed) and evaluated for their significance. RESULTS Different antibody formats such as single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or sdAbs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), intrabodies and nanobodies, are currently being studied in pre-clinical models of cancer as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases and many of them are being tested as therapeutics in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been demonstrated that recombinant antibody fragments may neutralize toxic extra- and intracellular misfolded proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, DLB, FTD, HD or TSEs and may target toxic immune cells participating in the pathogenesis of MS. CONCLUSION Recombinant antibody fragments represent a promising tool for the development of antibody-based immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Roxanna Perez-Garmendia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP 04510, Mexico. 0
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Miya Shaik M, Tamargo IA, Abubakar MB, Kamal MA, Greig NH, Gan SH. The Role of microRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Therapeutic Potentials. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040174. [PMID: 29561798 PMCID: PMC5924516 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by base pairing with mRNA targets. Altered miRNA expression profiles have been observed in several diseases, including neurodegeneration. Multiple studies have reported altered expressions of miRNAs in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as compared to those of healthy elderly adults. Some of the miRNAs found to be dysregulated in AD have been reported to correlate with neuropathological changes, including plaque and tangle accumulation, as well as altered expressions of species that are known to be involved in AD pathology. To examine the potentially pathogenic functions of several dysregulated miRNAs in AD, we review the current literature with a focus on the activities of ten miRNAs in biological pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. Comprehensive understandings of the expression profiles and activities of these miRNAs will illuminate their roles as potential therapeutic targets in AD brain and may lead to the discovery of breakthrough treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munvar Miya Shaik
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Murtala B Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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125
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Kuai Z, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Liu J, Guan S, Qiao Y, Gong X, Nie J, Li P, Liu D, Xing Y, Li H, Sun Z, Wang W, Ning C, Shi Y, Kong W, Shan Y. Effects of insulin on transcriptional response and permeability in an in vitro model of human blood‐brain barrier. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5657-5664. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Kuai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Qi Zhao
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Shanshan Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yongbo Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xin Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Jiaojiao Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Pengju Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Dongni Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yifan Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Huiwen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Zixiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Wenqi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Chunan Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and EngineeringThe Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and EngineeringThe Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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Bittar A, Sengupta U, Kayed R. Prospects for strain-specific immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:9. [PMID: 29507776 PMCID: PMC5829136 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, as the incidence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing, finding a therapeutic intervention is becoming critically important to either prevent or slow down the progression of the disease. Passive immunotherapy has been demonstrated as a successful way of reducing large aggregates and improving cognition in animal models of both tauopathies and Alzheimer's disease. However, with all the continuous attempts and significant success of immunotherapy in preclinical studies, finding a successful clinical therapy has been a great challenge, possibly indicating a lack of accuracy in targeting the toxic species. Both active and passive immunotherapy approaches in transgenic animals have been demonstrated to have pros and cons. Passive immunotherapy has been favored and many mechanisms have been shown to clear toxic amyloid and tau aggregates and improve memory. These mechanisms may differ depending on the antibodie's' target and administration route. In this regard, deciding on affinity vs. specificity of the antibodies plays a significant role in terms of avoiding the clearance of the physiological forms of the targeted proteins and reducing adverse side effects. In addition, knowing that a single protein can exist in different conformational states, termed as strains, with varying degrees of neurotoxicity and seeding properties, presents an additional level of complexity. Therefore, immunotherapy targeting specifically the toxic strains will aid in developing potential strategies for intervention. Moreover, an approach of combinatorial immunotherapies against different amyloidogenic proteins, at distinct levels of the disease progression, might offer an effective therapy in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bittar
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease: The Cerebrovascular Link. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:21-30. [PMID: 29396300 PMCID: PMC5835563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are devastating neurological disorders, whose complex relationship is not completely understood. Cerebrovascular pathology, a key element in both conditions, could represent a mechanistic link between Aβ/tau deposition after TBI and the development of post concussive syndrome, dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In addition to debilitating acute effects, TBI-induced neurovascular injuries accelerate amyloid β (Aβ) production and perivascular accumulation, arterial stiffness, tau hyperphosphorylation and tau/Aβ-induced blood brain barrier damage, giving rise to a deleterious feed-forward loop. We postulate that TBI can initiate cerebrovascular pathology, which is causally involved in the development of multiple forms of neurodegeneration including AD-like dementias. In this review, we will explore how novel biomarkers, animal and human studies with a focus on cerebrovascular dysfunction are contributing to the understanding of the consequences of TBI on the development of AD-like pathology. Cerebrovascular dysfunction (CVD) is emerging as a key element in the development of neurodegeneration after TBI. We propose that TBI initiates CVD, accelerating Aβ/tau deposition and leading to neurodegeneration and dementias. Clarifying this connection will support the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for both TBI and AD.
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128
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Lacosta AM, Pascual-Lucas M, Pesini P, Casabona D, Pérez-Grijalba V, Marcos-Campos I, Sarasa L, Canudas J, Badi H, Monleón I, San-José I, Munuera J, Rodríguez-Gómez O, Abdelnour C, Lafuente A, Buendía M, Boada M, Tárraga L, Ruiz A, Sarasa M. Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an active anti-Aβ 40 vaccine (ABvac40) in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29378651 PMCID: PMC5789644 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy targeting the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, none of the active or passive vaccines tested have been demonstrated to be effective to date. We have developed the first active vaccine against the C-terminal end of Aβ40, ABvac40, and assessed its safety and tolerability in a phase I clinical trial. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase I study of ABvac40 was conducted with patients aged 50–85 years with mild to moderate AD. Participants were entered into three separate groups according to time of study entry and were randomly allocated to receive ABvac40 or placebo (overall ratio 2:1). The first group received two half-doses of ABvac40 or placebo, whereas the second and third groups received two and three full doses, respectively. All treatments were administered subcutaneously at 4-week intervals. Patients, carers and investigators were blind to treatment allocation throughout the study. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of ABvac40 by registering all adverse events (AEs). All patients who received at least one dose of treatment were included in the safety analysis. The secondary objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity of ABvac40 by titration of specific anti-Aβ40 antibodies in plasma. Results Twenty-four patients were randomly allocated: 16 patients to the ABvac40 group and 8 patients to the placebo group. All randomised patients completed the study, therefore the intention-to-treat and safety populations were identical. Overall, 71 AEs affecting 18 patients were recorded: 11 (69%) in the ABvac40 group and 7 (88%) in the placebo group (p = 0.6214). Neither incident vasogenic oedema nor sulcal effusion (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities corresponding to vasogenic oedema and sulcal effusions) nor microhaemorrhages (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities corresponding to microhaemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits) were detected throughout the study period in the ABvac40-treated patients. Eleven of 12 (~92%) individuals receiving three injections of ABvac40 developed specific anti-Aβ40 antibodies. Conclusions ABvac40 showed a favourable safety and tolerability profile while eliciting a consistent and specific immune response. An ongoing phase II clinical trial is needed to confirm these results and to explore the clinical efficacy of ABvac40. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03113812. Retrospectively registered on 14 April 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0340-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Pesini
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Diego Casabona
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Leticia Sarasa
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Canudas
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hassnae Badi
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Munuera
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Gómez
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Lafuente
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Buendía
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tárraga
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic and Research Centre, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarasa
- Araclon Biotech, Vía Hispanidad 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Goñi F, Martá-Ariza M, Herline K, Peyser D, Boutajangout A, Mehta P, Drummond E, Prelli F, Wisniewski T. Anti-β-sheet conformation monoclonal antibody reduces tau and Aβ oligomer pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:10. [PMID: 29378642 PMCID: PMC5789573 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Oligomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are increasing being recognized as key toxins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), GW-23B7, that recognizes β-sheet secondary structure on pathological oligomers of neurodegenerative diseases. Results The pentameric immunoglobulin M kappa chain (IgMκp) we developed specifically distinguishes intra- and extracellular pathology in human AD brains. Purified GW-23B7 showed a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range for oligomeric Aβ and did not bind monomeric Aβ. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, it recognized oligomeric forms of both Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau. Aged triple-transgenic AD mice with both Aβ and tau pathology infused intraperitoneally for 2 months showed IgMκp in the soluble brain homogenate, peaking at 24 h postinoculation. Treated mice exhibited significant cognitive rescue on radial arm maze testing compared with vehicle control-infused mice. Immunohistochemically, treatment resulted in a significant decrease of extracellular pathology. Biochemically, treatment resulted in significant reductions of oligomeric forms of Aβ and tau. Conclusions These results suggest that GW-23B7, an anti-β-sheet conformational mAb humanized for clinical trials, may be an effective therapeutic agent for human AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0337-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mitchell Martá-Ariza
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krystal Herline
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Peyser
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allal Boutajangout
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 destabilizes fibrillar Aβ by multiple endoproteolytic cleavages within the β-sheet domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1493-1498. [PMID: 29378960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, can be caused by excess production or insufficient clearance. Because of its β-sheet structure, fibrillar Aβ is resistant to proteolysis, which would contribute to slow degradation of Aβ plaques in vivo. Fibrillar Aβ can be internalized by microglia, which are the scavenger cells of the brain, but the fibrils are degraded only slowly in microglial lysosomes. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal protease that has been shown to proteolyze fibrillar Aβ. Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), a lysosomal serine protease, possesses endopeptidase activity and has been shown to cleave peptides between hydrophobic residues. Herein, we demonstrate that TPP1 is able to proteolyze fibrillar Aβ efficiently. Mass spectrometry analysis of peptides released from fibrillar Aβ digested with TPP1 reveals several endoproteolytic cleavages including some within β-sheet regions that are important for fibril formation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that these cleavages destabilize fibrillar β-sheet structure. The demonstration that TPP1 can degrade fibrillar forms of Aβ provides insight into the turnover of fibrillar Aβ and may lead to new therapeutic methods to increase degradation of Aβ plaques.
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Kuppili PP, Manohar H, Menon V. Current status of vaccines in psychiatry-A narrative review. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 31:112-120. [PMID: 29476951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines are one of the newer therapeutic modalities being researched in psychiatric illnesses with limited role of pharmacological interventions. Preclinical studies on vaccines have shown favorable results in conditions like Substance use Disorders and Alzheimer's Dementia. However, the utility of Mumps Measles Rubella vaccine has been overshadowed by controversy linked to causation of Autism. With this background, the current narrative review aimed to comprehensively and critically evaluate the current status of vaccines in Psychiatric illnesses. METHODS Preliminary literature search using the electronic databases of MEDLINE and Google Scholar between May 1967 and May 2017 using the search terms "Vaccines" and "Psychiatry" was carried out and articles were found in the following areas of research: Substance use, Alzheimer Dementia, Autism, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papilloma Virus Further, the refined search was done using combinations of search terms "Vaccine", "Nicotine", "Cocaine", "Opioid", "Alzheimer Dementia", "Autism", and "Pervasive Developmental Disorders" and peer - reviewed original articles published in English conducted among human subjects and published in English language were included for review. RESULTS A total of 31 articles found eligible were organized into appropriate sections synthesizing the literature on role of vaccines in specific disorders such as Substance Use Disorders, Alzheimer Dementia and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. DISCUSSION The therapeutic potential of vaccines in Substance Use Disorders and Alzheimer Dementia was found to be limited in comparison to the results from animal studies. Safety profile of the immunogens and the adjuvants in humans is possibly the most important limitation. No causal association between Measles Mumps Rubella vaccine and Autism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patnaik Kuppili
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Harshini Manohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
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Abstract
Currently all prion diseases are without effective treatment and are universally fatal. It is increasingly being recognized that the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), includes "prion-like" properties. Hence, any effective therapeutic intervention for prion disease could have significant implications for other neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, therapies that are effective in AD might also be therapeutically beneficial for prion disease. AD-like prion disease has no effective therapy. However, various vaccine and immunomodulatory approaches have shown great success in animal models of AD, with numerous ongoing clinical trials of these potential immunotherapies. More limited evidence suggests that immunotherapies may be effective in prion models and in naturally occurring prion disease. In particular, experimental data suggest that mucosal vaccination against prions can be effective for protection against orally acquired prion infection. Many prion diseases, including natural sheep scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are thought to be acquired peripherally, mainly by oral exposure. Mucosal vaccination would be most applicable to this form of transmission. In this chapter we review various immunologically based strategies which are under development for prion infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Shahpasand K, Sepehri Shamloo A, Nabavi SM, Ping Lu K, Zhen Zhou X. "Tau immunotherapy: Hopes and hindrances". Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:277-284. [PMID: 29049003 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1393594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder having two major pathological hallmarks: the extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of amyloid beta protein and hyperphosphorylated tau respectively. Removal of protein deposits from AD brains are the newer attempts for treating AD. The major developments in this direction have been the amyloid and tau based therapeutics. While senile plaque removal employing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) restore brain function in mouse models of AD, tau has been recently introduced as the major neurodegenerative factor mediating neural cell death. So, several research groups have focused on tau therapy. So far, the outcome of tau immunotherapy has been promising and clearance of hyperphosphorylated tau has been shown to restore the brain function in animal models. But the point is which phosphorylated tau is the most critical form to be removed from the brain, especially because removal of physiologic tau can cause neurodegenerative consequence. Recently, we have shown that phosphorylated tau at Thr231 in the cis conformation is a very early driver of neurodegeneration and cis mAb treatment efficiently restores brain structure and function in TBI models. Because of efficient therapeutic effects in mice model of TBI and considering cis pT231-tau accumulation in AD brains, it could be a very good candidate for tau immunotherapy upon several tauopathy disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Shahpasand
- a Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Sepehri Shamloo
- a Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- a Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- b Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- b Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Caraci F, Iulita MF, Pentz R, Flores Aguilar L, Orciani C, Barone C, Romano C, Drago F, Cuello AC. Searching for new pharmacological targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:7-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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135
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Braczynski AK, Schulz JB, Bach JP. Vaccination strategies in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. J Neurochem 2017; 143:467-488. [PMID: 28869766 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination therapies constitute potential treatment options in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. While a lot of research has been performed on vaccination against extracellular amyloid β, the focus recently shifted toward vaccination against the intracellular proteins tau and α-synuclein, with promising results in terms of protein accumulation reduction. In this review, we briefly summarize lessons to be learned from clinical vaccination trials in Alzheimer disease that target amyloid β. We then focus on tau and α-synuclein. For both proteins, we provide important data on protein immunogenicity, and put them into context with data available from both animals and human vaccination trials targeted at tau and α-synuclein. Together, we give a comprehensive overview about current clinical data, and discuss associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Braczynski
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, FZ Jülich and RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Bach
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Yadav DB, Maloney JA, Wildsmith KR, Fuji RN, Meilandt WJ, Solanoy H, Lu Y, Peng K, Wilson B, Chan P, Gadkar K, Kosky A, Goo M, Daugherty A, Couch JA, Keene T, Hayes K, Nikolas LJ, Lane D, Switzer R, Adams E, Watts RJ, Scearce-Levie K, Prabhu S, Shafer L, Thakker DR, Hildebrand K, Atwal JK. Widespread brain distribution and activity following i.c.v. infusion of anti-β-secretase (BACE1) in nonhuman primates. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4173-4185. [PMID: 28859225 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The potential for therapeutic antibody treatment of neurological diseases is limited by poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier. I.c.v. delivery is a promising route to the brain; however, it is unclear how efficiently antibodies delivered i.c.v. penetrate the cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF)-brain barrier and distribute throughout the brain parenchyma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody against β-secretase 1 (anti-BACE1) following continuous infusion into the left lateral ventricle of healthy adult cynomolgus monkeys. KEY RESULTS Animals infused with anti-BACE1 i.c.v. showed a robust and sustained reduction (~70%) of CSF amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Antibody distribution was near uniform across the brain parenchyma, ranging from 20 to 40 nM, resulting in a ~50% reduction of Aβ in the cortical parenchyma. In contrast, animals administered anti-BACE1 i.v. showed no significant change in CSF or cortical Aβ levels and had a low (~0.6 nM) antibody concentration in the brain. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS I.c.v. administration of anti-BACE1 resulted in enhanced BACE1 target engagement and inhibition, with a corresponding dramatic reduction in CNS Aβ concentrations, due to enhanced brain exposure to antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice A Maloney
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reina N Fuji
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William J Meilandt
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hilda Solanoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanmei Lu
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kun Peng
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Blair Wilson
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kapil Gadkar
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Kosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ann Daugherty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Couch
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Adams
- Northern Biomedical Research, Norton Shores, MI, USA
| | - Ryan J Watts
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Saileta Prabhu
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jasvinder K Atwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Serafini MM, Catanzaro M, Rosini M, Racchi M, Lanni C. Curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease: Can we think to new strategies and perspectives for this molecule? Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Multifunctional liposomes interact with Abeta in human biological fluids: Therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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139
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Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pathologic β-sheet Oligomeric Conformers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9881. [PMID: 28852189 PMCID: PMC5575137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel approach to produce conformational monoclonal antibodies selected to specifically react with the β-sheet secondary structure of pathological oligomeric conformers, characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. Contrary to past and current efforts, we utilize a mammalian non-self-antigen as an immunogen. The small, non-self peptide selected was covalently polymerized with glutaraldehyde until it reached a high β-sheet secondary structure content, and species between 10–100kDa that are immunogenic, stable and soluble (p13Bri). Inoculation of p13Bri in mice elicited antibodies to the peptide and the β-sheet secondary structure conformation. Hybridomas were produced and clones selected for their reactivity with at least two different oligomeric conformers from Alzheimer’s, Parkinson and/or Prion diseases. The resulting conformational monoclonals are able to detect pathological oligomeric forms in different human neurodegenerative diseases by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. This technological approach may be useful to develop tools for detection, monitoring and treatment of multiple misfolding disorders.
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140
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Rüb U, Stratmann K, Heinsen H, Seidel K, Bouzrou M, Korf HW. Alzheimer's Disease: Characterization of the Brain Sites of the Initial Tau Cytoskeletal Pathology Will Improve the Success of Novel Immunological Anti-Tau Treatment Approaches. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:683-696. [PMID: 28269779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent neurodegenerative disease of the human brain worldwide. Currently practiced treatment strategies for AD only include some less effective symptomatic therapeutic interventions, which unable to counteract the disease course of AD. New therapeutic attempts aimed to prevent, reduce, or remove the extracellular depositions of the amyloid-β protein did not elicit beneficial effects on cognitive deficits or functional decline of AD. In view of the failure of these amyloid-β-based therapeutic trials and the close correlation between the brain pathology of the cytoskeletal tau protein and clinical AD symptoms, therapeutic attention has since shifted to the tau cytoskeletal protein as a novel drug target. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation and intraneuronal aggregation of this protein are early events in the evolution of the AD-related neurofibrillary pathology, and the brain spread of the AD-related tau aggregation pathology may possibly follow a corruptive protein templating and seeding-like mechanism according to the prion hypothesis. Accordingly, immunotherapeutic targeting of the tau aggregation pathology during the very early pre-tangle phase is currently considered to represent an effective and promising therapeutic approach for AD. Recent studies have shown that the initial immunoreactive tau aggregation pathology already prevails in several subcortical regions in the absence of any cytoskeletal changes in the cerebral cortex. Thus, it may be hypothesized that the subcortical brain regions represent the "port of entry" for the pathogenetic agent from which the disease ascends anterogradely as an "interconnectivity pathology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Rüb
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Stratmann
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Ageing Brain Study Group, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kay Seidel
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mohamed Bouzrou
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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141
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Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Gilliland GL. A coiled conformation of amyloid-β recognized by antibody C706. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:66. [PMID: 28830506 PMCID: PMC5568176 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide is believed to play a pivotal role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Passive immunization with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies may facilitate the clearance of Aβ in the brain and may thus prevent the downstream pathology. Antibodies targeting the immunodominant N-terminal epitope of Aβ and capable of binding both the plaques and soluble species have been most efficacious in animal models. Structural studies of such antibodies with bound Aβ peptides provided the basis for understanding the mechanisms of action and the differences in potency. To gain further insight into the structural determinants of antigen recognition and the preferential Aβ conformations, we determined the crystal structure of murine antibody C706 in complex with the N-terminal Aβ 1–16 peptide sequence. Methods The antigen-binding fragment of C706 was expressed in HEK293 cells and was crystallized in complex with the Aβ peptide. The X-ray structure was determined at 1.9-Å resolution. Results The binding epitope of C706 is centered on residues Arg5 and His6, which provide the majority of interactions. Unlike most antibodies, C706 recognizes a coiled rather than extended conformation of Aβ. Conclusions Comparison with other antibodies targeting the N-terminal section of Aβ suggests that the conformation of the bound peptide may be linked to the immunization protocol and may reflect the preference for the extended conformation in the context of a longer Aβ peptide as opposed to the coiled conformation in the isolated short peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Teplyakov
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
| | - Galina Obmolova
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Gary L Gilliland
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of dementia following Alzheimer's disease (AD). Between 20 and 50% of cases are familial. Mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 are found in 60% of familial FTD cases. C9orf72 mutations are the most common and account for 25%. Rarer mutations (<5%) occur in other genes such as VPC, CHMP2B, TARDP, FUS, ITM2B, TBK1 and TBP. The diagnosis is often challenging due to symptom overlap with AD and other conditions. We review the genetics, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, neuropathology, animal studies and therapeutic trials in FTD. We describe clinical scenarios including the original family with the tau stem loop mutation (+14) and also the recently discovered 'missing tau' mutation +15 that 'closed the loop' in 2015.
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143
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Innate Immunity Stimulation via Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ameliorates Vascular Amyloid Pathology in Tg-SwDI Mice with Associated Cognitive Benefits. J Neurosci 2017; 37:936-959. [PMID: 28123027 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1967-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of parenchymal amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and neurofibrillary tangles. Currently there are no effective treatments for AD. Immunotherapeutic approaches under development are hampered by complications related to ineffectual clearance of CAA. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the importance of microglia in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are the primary innate immune cells of the brain. Depending on their activation state and environment, microglia can be beneficial or detrimental. In our prior work, we showed that stimulation of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, class B CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), can reduce amyloid and tau pathologies without causing toxicity in Tg2576 and 3xTg-AD mouse models. However, these transgenic mice have relatively little CAA. In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic profile of CpG ODN in a triple transgenic mouse model, Tg-SwDI, with abundant vascular amyloid, in association with low levels of parenchymal amyloid deposits. Peripheral administration of CpG ODN, both before and after the development of CAA, negated short-term memory deficits, as assessed by object-recognition tests, and was effective at improving spatial and working memory evaluated using a radial arm maze. These findings were associated with significant reductions of CAA pathology lacking adverse effects. Together, our extensive evidence suggests that this innovative immunomodulation may be a safe approach to ameliorate all hallmarks of AD pathology, supporting the potential clinical applicability of CpG ODN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent genetic studies have underscored the emerging role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Microglia lose their amyloid-β-clearing capabilities with age and as AD progresses. Therefore, the ability to modulate microglia profiles offers a promising therapeutic avenue for reducing AD pathology. Current immunotherapeutic approaches have been limited by poor clearance of a core AD lesion, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The present study used Tg-SwDI mice, which have extensive CAA. We found that stimulation of the innate immune system and microglia/macrophage activation via Toll-like receptor 9 using CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) leads to cognitive improvements and CAA reduction, without associated toxicity. Our data indicate that this novel concept of immunomodulation represents a safer method to reduce all aspects of AD pathology and provide essential information for potential clinical use of CpG ODN.
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144
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Mulder CK, Dong Y, Brugghe HF, Timmermans HAM, Tilstra W, Westdijk J, van Riet E, van Steeg H, Hoogerhout P, Eisel ULM. Immunization with Small Amyloid-β-derived Cyclopeptide Conjugates Diminishes Amyloid-β-Induced Neurodegeneration in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1111-23. [PMID: 27060957 PMCID: PMC4927839 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Soluble oligomeric (misfolded) species of amyloid-β (Aβ) are the main mediators of toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These oligomers subsequently form aggregates of insoluble fibrils that precipitate as extracellular and perivascular plaques in the brain. Active immunization against Aβ is a promising disease modifying strategy. However, eliciting an immune response against Aβ in general may interfere with its biological function and was shown to cause unwanted side-effects. Therefore, we have developed a novel experimental vaccine based on conformational neo-epitopes that are exposed in the misfolded oligomeric Aβ, inducing a specific antibody response. Objective: Here we investigate the protective effects of the experimental vaccine against oligomeric Aβ1-42-induced neuronal fiber loss in vivo. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized or mock-immunized. Antibody responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, mice received a stereotactic injection of oligomeric Aβ1-42 into the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) on one side of the brain (lesion side), and scrambled Aβ1-42 peptide in the contralateral NBM (control side). The densities of choline acetyltransferase-stained cholinergic fibers origination from the NBM were measured in the parietal neocortex postmortem. The percentage of fiber loss in the lesion side was determined relative to the control side of the brain. Results: Immunized responders (79%) showed 23% less cholinergic fiber loss (p = 0.01) relative to mock-immunized mice. Moreover, fiber loss in immunized responders correlated negatively with the measured antibody responses (R2 = 0.29, p = 0.02). Conclusion: These results may provide a lead towards a (prophylactic) vaccine to prevent or at least attenuate (early onset) AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis K Mulder
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Dong
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Humphrey F Brugghe
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans A M Timmermans
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wichard Tilstra
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Janny Westdijk
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Steeg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Hoogerhout
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shrivastava AN, Aperia A, Melki R, Triller A. Physico-Pathologic Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegeneration: Misfolded Protein-Plasma Membrane Interactions. Neuron 2017; 95:33-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rakesh G, Szabo ST, Alexopoulos GS, Zannas AS. Strategies for dementia prevention: latest evidence and implications. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2017; 8:121-136. [PMID: 28815009 DOI: 10.1177/2040622317712442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common and debilitating syndrome with enormous impact on individuals and societies. Preventing disease onset or progression would translate to public health and societal benefits. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on interventions that may show promise for the prevention of cognitive decline. We appraise existing evidence primarily drawn from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, but also highlight observational studies in humans and relevant work in model organisms. Overall, there is currently limited evidence to support a cause-effect relationship between any preventive strategy and the development or progression of dementia. However, studies to date suggest that a multifactorial intervention comprising regular exercise and healthy diet, along with the amelioration of vascular risk factors, psychosocial stress, and major depressive episodes may be most promising for the prevention of cognitive decline. We discuss the challenges, future directions, and implications of this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkumar Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven T Szabo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - George S Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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147
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Leinenga G, Nisbet RM, Götz J. Ultrasound as a treatment modality for neurological diseases. Med J Aust 2017; 206:470-471. [PMID: 28918723 DOI: 10.5694/mja16.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Leinenga
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Rebecca M Nisbet
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
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149
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Wang X, Song R, Lu W, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu X, Liu Y, Sun Z, Li J, Li X. YXQN Reduces Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology and Cognitive Decline in APPswePS1dE9 Transgenic Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:157. [PMID: 28603494 PMCID: PMC5440527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's most common form of dementia, in which aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the hallmark. Unfortunately, few medicines have succeeded to completely cure AD. Yangxue Qingnao (YXQN) is a Chinese traditional medicine, and its pharmacological effect is improving cerebral blood flow. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that YXQN reduced AD-like pathology and cognitive impairment in APPswePS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice with 2 months administration. Our data showed that YXQN substantially ameliorated behavioral defects in 10-month old APP/PS1 mice using Morris Water Maze and Y-maze tests, in which the cognitive ability of YXQN high-dose group approaches to wild type mice. Next, we focused on the brain pathological alterations in the YXQN group by three experiments, including thioflavin-S, congo-red, and Aβ-immunohistochemistry staining. The results demonstrated that the high-dose of YXQN dramatically suppressed amyloid plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, which showed a 47-72% reduction in plaque deposits, relative to the vehicle group. In addition, our data verified that YXQN decreased the cerebral amyloid load by attenuating β-secretase BACE1 and γ-secretase PS1 in the pathological processing of APP, and promoting the level of α-secretase ADAM10 in the physiological processing of APP to generate more sAPPα, which combats amyloidosis formation, and also carries out neurotropic and neuroprotective effect. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that YXQN could be a potential medicine for AD, and provide new evidence for further AD drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Runmin Song
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Wenliang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianjinChina
| | - Ziyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los AngelesCA, United States
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, StanfordCA, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, ChangchunChina
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
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150
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Peripheral complement interactions with amyloid β peptide: Erythrocyte clearance mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:1397-1409. [PMID: 28475854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is cleared from the brain to cerebrospinal fluid and the peripheral circulation, mechanisms for its removal from blood remain unresolved. Primates have uniquely evolved a highly effective peripheral clearance mechanism for pathogens, immune adherence, in which erythrocyte complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays a major role. METHODS Multidisciplinary methods were used to demonstrate immune adherence capture of Aβ by erythrocytes and its deficiency in Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS Aβ was shown to be subject to immune adherence at every step in the pathway. Aβ dose-dependently activated serum complement. Complement-opsonized Aβ was captured by erythrocytes via CR1. Erythrocytes, Aβ, and hepatic Kupffer cells were colocalized in the human liver. Significant deficits in erythrocyte Aβ levels were found in AD and mild cognitive impairment patients. DISCUSSION CR1 polymorphisms elevate AD risk, and >80% of human CR1 is vested in erythrocytes to subserve immune adherence. The present results suggest that this pathway is pathophysiologically relevant in AD.
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