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Nadukkandy AS, Ganjoo E, Singh A, Dinesh Kumar L. Tracing New Landscapes in the Arena of Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.911063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, unique and comprehensive cancer treatment has ushered new hope in the holistic management of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system of the patient to attack the cancer cells in a targeted manner, scores over others by being less debilitating compared to the existing treatment strategies. Significant advancements in the knowledge of immune surveillance in the last few decades have led to the development of several types of immune therapy like monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy or adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune system modulators. Intensive research has established cancer immunotherapy to be a safe and effective method for improving survival and the quality of a patient’s life. However, numerous issues with respect to site-specific delivery, resistance to immunotherapy, and escape of cancer cells from immune responses, need to be addressed for expanding and utilizing this therapy as a regular mode in the clinical treatment. Development in the field of nanotechnology has augmented the therapeutic efficiency of treatment modalities of immunotherapy. Nanocarriers could be used as vehicles because of their advantages such as increased surface areas, targeted delivery, controlled surface and release chemistry, enhanced permeation and retention effect, etc. They could enhance the function of immune cells by incorporating immunomodulatory agents that influence the tumor microenvironment, thus enabling antitumor immunity. Robust validation of the combined effect of nanotechnology and immunotherapy techniques in the clinics has paved the way for a better treatment option for cancer than the already existing procedures such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current applications of nanoparticles in the development of ‘smart’ cancer immunotherapeutic agents like ACT, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, their site-specific delivery, and modulation of other endogenous immune cells. We also highlight the immense possibilities of using nanotechnology to accomplish leveraging the coordinated and adaptive immune system of a patient to tackle the complexity of treating unique disease conditions and provide future prospects in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Fan Y, Yang Z. Inhaled siRNA Formulations for Respiratory Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1193. [PMID: 35745766 PMCID: PMC9227582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of siRNA technology has provided new opportunities for gene-specific inhibition and knockdown, as well as new ideas for the treatment of disease. Four siRNA drugs have already been approved for marketing. However, the instability of siRNA in vivo makes systemic delivery ineffective. Inhaled siRNA formulations can deliver drugs directly to the lung, showing great potential for treating respiratory diseases. The clinical applications of inhaled siRNA formulations still face challenges because effective delivery of siRNA to the lung requires overcoming the pulmonary and cellular barriers. This paper reviews the research progress for siRNA inhalation formulations for the treatment of various respiratory diseases and summarizes the chemical structural modifications and the various delivery systems for siRNA. Finally, we conclude the latest clinical application research for inhaled siRNA formulations and discuss the potential difficulty in efficient clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Rd., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Sartaj Sohrab S, Aly El-Kafrawy S, Ibraheem Azhar E. In silico prediction and experimental evaluation of potential siRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in Vero E6 cells. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102049. [PMID: 35493709 PMCID: PMC9040457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The acute cases of pneumonia (COVID-19) were first reported from China in December 2019, and the pathogen was identified as SARS-CoV-2. Currently, many vaccines have been developed against this virus by using multiple genes, applying different platforms, and used for the vaccinations of the human population. Spike protein genes play an important role in host cell attachment and viral entry and have been extensively used for the development of vaccine and antiviral therapeutics. Short interfering RNA is also known as silencing RNA and contribute a significant role to regulate the expression of a specific gene. By using this technology, virus inhibition has been demonstrated against many viral diseases. Methods In this work, we have reported the Insilico prediction, designing, and experimental validation of siRNAs antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD. The siDirect 2.0 was selected for siRNAs prediction, and secondary structure was predicted by RNAfold while the HNADOCK was used for molecular docking analysis and specific binding of siRNAs to the selected target. We have used and evaluated four siRNAs for cellular toxicity and determination of antiviral efficiency based on the Ct value of q-real-time PCR in Vero E6 cells. Results Based on the experimental evaluation and analysis of results from generated data, we observed that there is no cytotoxicity for any tested siRNAs in Vero E6 cells. Total four siRNA were filtered out from twenty-one siRNAs following the strict selection and scoring criteria. The better antiviral efficiency was observed in 3rd siRNAs based on the Ct value of q-real-time PCR. The results that emerged from this study encouraged us to validate the efficiency of these siRNAs in multiple cells by using alone and in a combination of two or more siRNAs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. Conclusion The Insilico prediction, molecular docking analysis provided the selection of better siRNAs. Based on the experimental evaluation only 3rd siRNA was found to be more effective than others and showed better antiviral efficiency. These siRNAs should also be evaluated in other cell lines either separately or in combination against SARS-CoV-2 to determine their antiviral efficiency.
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Sohrab SS, El-Kafrawy SA, Azhar EI. Effect of insilico predicted and designed potential siRNAs on inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in HEK-293 cells. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:101965. [PMID: 35313445 PMCID: PMC8925144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 was identified for the first time from the sea food market, Wuhan city, China in 2019 and the pathogenic organism was identified as SARS-CoV-2. Currently, this virus has spread to 223 countries and territories and known as a serious issue for the global human community. Many vaccines have been developed and used for immunization. Methods We have reported the insilico prediction, designing, secondary structure prediction, molecular docking analysis, and in vitro assessment of siRNAs against SARS-CoV-2. The online bioinformatic approach was used for siRNAs selection and designing. The selected siRNAs were evaluated for antiviral efficacy by using Lipofectamine 2000 as delivery agent to HEK-293 cells. The MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity determination. The antiviral efficacy of potential siRNAs was determined based on the Ct value of q-RT-PCR and the data analysis was done by Prism-GraphPad software. Results The analyzed data resulted in the selection of only three siRNAs out of twenty-six siRNAs generated by online software. The secondary structure prediction and molecular docking analysis of siRNAs revealed the efficient binding to the target. There was no cellular toxicity observed in the HEK-293 cells at any tested concentrations of siRNAs. The purification of RNA was completed from inoculated cells and subjected to q-RT-PCR. The highest Ct value was observed in siRNA 3 than the others. The results offered valuable evidence and invigorated us to assess the potency of siRNAs by using alone or in combination in other human cells. Conclusion The data generated from this study indicates the significance of in silico prediction and narrow down the potential siRNA' against SARS-CoV-2, and molecular docking investigation offered the effective siRNAs binding with the target. Finally, it is concluded that the online bioinformatics approach provided the prediction and selection of siRNAs with better antiviral efficacy. The siRNA-3 was observed to be the best for reduction of viral RNA in cells.
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Shekibi M, Heng S, Nie G. MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Endometrial Receptivity for Embryo Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116210. [PMID: 35682889 PMCID: PMC9181585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of endometrial receptivity is crucial for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy initiation. Understanding the molecular regulation underpinning endometrial transformation to a receptive state is key to improving implantation rates in fertility treatments such as IVF. With microRNAs (miRNAs) increasingly recognized as important gene regulators, recent studies have investigated the role of miRNAs in the endometrium. Studies on miRNAs in endometrial disorders such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer have been reviewed previously. In this minireview, we aim to provide an up-to-date knowledge of miRNAs in the regulation of endometrial receptivity. Since endometrial remodelling differs considerably between species, we firstly summarised the key events of the endometrial cycle in humans and mice and then reviewed the miRNAs identified so far in these two species with likely functional significance in receptivity establishment. To date, 29 miRNAs have been reported in humans and 15 miRNAs in mice within various compartments of the endometrium that may potentially modulate receptivity; miRNAs regulating the Wnt signalling and those from the let-7, miR-23, miR-30, miR-200 and miR-183 families are found in both species. Future studies are warranted to investigate miRNAs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to detect/improve endometrial receptivity in human fertility treatment.
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Fujiwara M, Raheja R, Garo LP, Ajay AK, Kadowaki-Saga R, Karandikar SH, Gabriely G, Krishnan R, Beynon V, Paul A, Patel A, Saxena S, Hu D, Healy BC, Chitnis T, Gandhi R, Weiner HL, Murugaiyan G. microRNA-92a promotes CNS autoimmunity by modulating the regulatory and inflammatory T cell balance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155693. [PMID: 35298438 PMCID: PMC9106347 DOI: 10.1172/jci155693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A disequilibrium between immunosuppressive Tregs and inflammatory IL-17-producing Th17 cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Treg and Th17 imbalance in CNS autoimmunity remain largely unclear. Identifying the factors that drive this imbalance is of high clinical interest. Here, we report a major disease-promoting role for microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in CNS autoimmunity. miR-92a was elevated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and its loss attenuated EAE. Mechanistically, miR-92a mediated EAE susceptibility in a T cell-intrinsic manner by restricting Treg induction and suppressive capacity, while supporting Th17 responses, by directly repressing the transcription factor Foxo1. Although miR-92a did not directly alter Th1 differentiation, it appeared to indirectly promote Th1 cells by inhibiting Treg responses. Correspondingly, miR-92a inhibitor therapy ameliorated EAE by concomitantly boosting Treg responses and dampening inflammatory T cell responses. Analogous to our findings in mice, miR-92a was elevated in CD4+ T cells from patients with MS, and miR-92a silencing in patients' T cells promoted Treg development but limited Th17 differentiation. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-92a drives CNS autoimmunity by sustaining the Treg/Th17 imbalance and implicate miR-92a as a potential therapeutic target for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Raheja
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucien P. Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryoko Kadowaki-Saga
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sukrut H. Karandikar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Beynon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amee Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Uehara K, Harumoto T, Makino A, Koda Y, Iwano J, Suzuki Y, Tanigawa M, Iwai H, Asano K, Kurihara K, Hamaguchi A, Kodaira H, Atsumi T, Yamada Y, Tomizuka K. Targeted delivery to macrophages and dendritic cells by chemically modified mannose ligand-conjugated siRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4840-4859. [PMID: 35524566 PMCID: PMC9122583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) may have applications in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. However, reports on such approaches are limited, and the scarcity of reports concerning the systemically targeted delivery of siRNAs with effective gene silencing activity presents a challenge. We herein report for the first time the targeted delivery of CD206-targetable chemically modified mannose–siRNA (CMM–siRNA) conjugates to macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). CMM–siRNA exhibited a strong binding ability to CD206 and selectively delivered contents to CD206-expressing macrophages and DCs. Furthermore, the conjugates demonstrated strong gene silencing ability with long-lasting effects and protein downregulation in CD206-expressing cells in vivo. These findings could broaden the use of siRNA technology, provide additional therapeutic opportunities, and establish a basis for further innovative approaches for the targeted delivery of siRNAs to not only macrophages and DCs but also other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Uehara
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Harumoto
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Asana Makino
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuo Koda
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junko Iwano
- Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Mari Tanigawa
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroto Iwai
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kana Asano
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kana Kurihara
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Akinori Hamaguchi
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kodaira
- Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Atsumi
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamada
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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de Brito e Cunha D, Frederico ABT, Azamor T, Melgaço JG, da Costa Neves PC, Bom APDA, Tilli TM, Missailidis S. Biotechnological Evolution of siRNA Molecules: From Bench Tool to the Refined Drug. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050575. [PMID: 35631401 PMCID: PMC9146980 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The depth and versatility of siRNA technologies enable their use in disease targets that are undruggable by small molecules or that seek to achieve a refined turn-off of the genes for any therapeutic area. Major extracellular barriers are enzymatic degradation of siRNAs by serum endonucleases and RNAases, renal clearance of the siRNA delivery system, the impermeability of biological membranes for siRNA, activation of the immune system, plasma protein sequestration, and capillary endothelium crossing. To overcome the intrinsic difficulties of the use of siRNA molecules, therapeutic applications require nanometric delivery carriers aiming to protect double-strands and deliver molecules to target cells. This review discusses the history of siRNAs, siRNA design, and delivery strategies, with a focus on progress made regarding siRNA molecules in clinical trials and how siRNA has become a valuable asset for biopharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Brito e Cunha
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ana Beatriz Teixeira Frederico
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Patricia Cristina da Costa Neves
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Translational Oncology Platform, Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1312
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (D.d.B.e.C.); (A.B.T.F.); (T.A.); (J.G.M.); (P.C.d.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (S.M.)
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Gurudas Shivji G, Dhar R, Devi A. Role of Exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of Non-Infectious disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:534-548. [PMID: 35451890 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2067233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and play crucial roles in cancer and other diseases. Exosomes role in various diseases has been studied as they regulate intercellular communication and are obtained from almost any part of the body. Exosomes use is complicated in diseases as they promote pathogenesis but also act as a very good therapeutic agent in most diseases. The presence of a complex molecular cargo consisting of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, miRNA, siRNA, etc.,) makes it a very good delivery agent and acts as a biomarker for many cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They can be used to selectively target cells and activate immune cell responses depending on the source obtained. Exosomes based immunotherapy is an area of gaining importance due to the proteins present in them and their specificity to the targeted cells. The role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious diseases is discussed in detail in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauresh Gurudas Shivji
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
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Wu F, Hill K, Fang Q, He Z, Zheng H, Wang X, Xiong H, Sha SH. Traumatic-noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss is mediated by activation of CaMKKβ. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:249. [PMID: 35438341 PMCID: PMC9844253 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases (CaMKKs) are serine/threonine-directed protein kinases that are activated following increases in intracellular calcium, playing a critical role in neuronal signaling. Inner-ear-trauma-induced calcium overload in sensory hair cells has been well documented in the pathogenesis of traumatic noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss, but there are no established pharmaceutical therapies available due to a lack of specific therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the activation of CaMKKβ in the inner ear after traumatic noise exposure and assessed the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) with RNA silencing. RESULTS Treatment with short hairpin RNA of CaMKKβ (shCaMKKβ) via adeno-associated virus transduction significantly knocked down CaMKKβ expression in the inner ear. Knockdown of CaMKKβ significantly attenuated noise-induced hair cell loss and hearing loss (NIHL). Additionally, pretreatment with naked CaMKKβ small interfering RNA (siCaMKKβ) attenuated noise-induced losses of inner hair cell synapses and OHCs and NIHL. Furthermore, traumatic noise exposure activates CaMKKβ in OHCs as demonstrated by immunolabeling for p-CaMKI. CaMKKβ mRNA assessed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunolabeling for CaMKKβ in OHCs also increased after the exposure. Finally, pretreatment with siCaMKKβ diminished noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that traumatic-noise-induced OHC loss and hearing loss occur primarily via activation of CaMKKβ. Targeting CaMKKβ is a key strategy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, our data suggest that noise-induced activation of AMPKα in OHCs occurs via the CaMKKβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kayla Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xianren Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Su-Hua Sha • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine • Medical University of South Carolina • Walton Research Building, Room 403-E • 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Telephone: 843-792-8324; Fax: 843-792-0368;
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Sharma AR, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya M, Saha A, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Recent progress of circular RNAs in different types of human cancer: Technological landscape, clinical opportunities and challenges (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 60:56. [PMID: 35362541 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non‑coding RNAs that have been recently regarded as functionally active. CircRNAs are remarkably stable and known to possess several biological functions such as microRNA sponging, regulating transcription and splicing and occasionally acting as polypeptide‑producing templates. CircRNAs show tissue‑specific expression and have been reported to be associated with the progression of several types of malignancies. Given the recent progress in genome sequencing and bioinformatics techniques, a rapid increment in the biological role of circRNAs has been observed. Concurrently, the patent search from different patent databases shows that the patent number of circRNA is increasing very quickly. These phenomena reveal a rapid development of the technological landscape. In the present review, the recent progress on circRNAs in various kinds of cancer has been investigated and their function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets and their technological landscape have been appreciated. A new insight into circRNAs structure and functional capabilities in cancer has been reviewed. Continually increasing knowledge on their critical role during cancer progression is projecting them as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for various kinds of cancer. Thus, recent updates on the functional role of circRNAs in terms of the technological landscape, clinical opportunities (biomarkers and therapeutic targets), and challenges in cancer have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University‑Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020, India
| | - Abinit Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University‑Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
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113
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Aliouat H, Peng Y, Waseem Z, Wang S, Zhou W. Pure DNA scaffolded drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aonuma T, Moukette B, Kawaguchi S, Barupala NP, Sepúlveda MN, Frick K, Tang Y, Guglin M, Raman SV, Cai C, Liangpunsakul S, Nakagawa S, Kim IM. MiR-150 Attenuates Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling Mediated by Long Noncoding RNA MIAT and Directly Represses Profibrotic Hoxa4. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e008686. [PMID: 35000421 PMCID: PMC9018469 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) plays a protective role in heart failure (HF). Long noncoding RNA, myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) regulates miR-150 function in vitro by direct interaction. Concurrent with miR-150 downregulation, MIAT is upregulated in failing hearts, and gain-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MIAT are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in humans. Despite the correlative relationship between MIAT and miR-150 in HF, their in vivo functional relationship has never been established, and molecular mechanisms by which these 2 noncoding RNAs regulate cardiac protection remain elusive. METHODS We use MIAT KO (knockout), Hoxa4 (homeobox a4) KO, MIAT TG (transgenic), and miR-150 TG mice. We also develop DTG (double TG) mice overexpressing MIAT and miR-150. We then use a mouse model of MI followed by cardiac functional, structural, and mechanistic studies by echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome profiling, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, we perform expression analyses in hearts from patients with HF. Lastly, we investigate cardiac fibroblast activation using primary adult human cardiac fibroblasts and in vitro assays to define the conserved MIAT/miR-150/HOXA4 axis. RESULTS Using novel mouse models, we demonstrate that genetic overexpression of MIAT worsens cardiac remodeling, while genetic deletion of MIAT protects hearts against MI. Importantly, miR-150 overexpression attenuates the detrimental post-MI effects caused by MIAT. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of MIAT null mouse hearts identifies Hoxa4 as a novel downstream target of the MIAT/miR-150 axis. Hoxa4 is upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from ischemic myocardium and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. HOXA4 is also upregulated in patients with HF. Moreover, Hoxa4 deficiency in mice protects the heart from MI. Lastly, protective actions of cardiac fibroblast miR-150 are partially attributed to the direct and functional repression of profibrotic Hoxa4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings delineate a pivotal functional interaction among MIAT, miR-150, and Hoxa4 as a novel regulatory mechanism pertinent to ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Aonuma
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bruno Moukette
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nipuni P. Barupala
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marisa N. Sepúlveda
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kyle Frick
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maya Guglin
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Subha V. Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chenleng Cai
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Il-man Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Address for correspondence: Il-man Kim, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 346A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, , Phone: 317-278-2086
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115
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Walsh CJ, Escudero King C, Gupta M, Plant PJ, Herridge MJ, Mathur S, Hu P, Correa J, Ahmed S, Bigot A, Dos Santos CC, Batt J. MicroRNA regulatory networks associated with abnormal muscle repair in survivors of critical illness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1262-1276. [PMID: 35092190 PMCID: PMC8977950 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness is characterized by muscle atrophy and impaired contractility that may persist after ICU discharge. Dysregulated muscle repair and regeneration gene co-expression networks are present in critical illness survivors with persistent muscle wasting and weakness. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRs) regulating the gene networks and determine their role in the self-renewal of muscle in ICU survivors. METHODS Muscle whole-transcriptome expression was assessed with microarrays in banked quadriceps biopsies obtained at 7 days and 6 months post-ICU discharge from critically ill patients (n = 15) in the RECOVER programme and healthy individuals (n = 8). We conducted an integrated miR-messenger RNA analysis to identify miR/gene pairs associated with muscle recovery post-critical illness and evaluated their impact on myoblast proliferation and differentiation in human AB1167 and murine C2C12 cell lines in vitro. Select target genes were validated with quantitative PCR. RESULTS Twenty-two miRs were predicted to regulate the Day 7 post-ICU muscle transcriptome vs. controls. Thirty per cent of all differentially expressed genes shared a 3'UTR regulatory sequence for miR-424-3p/5p, which was 10-fold down-regulated in patients (P < 0.001) and correlated with quadriceps size (R = 0.86, P < 0.001), strength (R = 0.75, P = 0.007), and physical function (Functional Independence Measures motor subscore, R = 0.92, P < 0.001) suggesting its potential role as a master regulator of early recovery of muscle mass and strength following ICU discharge. Network analysis demonstrated enrichment for cellular respiration and muscle fate commitment/development related genes. At 6 months post-ICU discharge, a 14-miR expression signature, including miRs-490-3p and -744-5p, identified patients with muscle mass recovery vs. those with sustained atrophy. Constitutive overexpression of the novel miR-490-3p significantly inhibited AB1167 and C2C12 myoblast proliferation (cell count AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 7926 ± 4060 vs. 14 159 ± 3515 respectively, P = 0.006; proportion Ki67-positive nuclei AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.54 ± 0.06 respectively, P < 0.001; proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression AB1167 miR-490-3p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 11.48 ± 1.97 vs. 16.75 ± 1.19 respectively, P = 0.040). Constitutive overexpression of miR-744-5p, a known regulator of myogenesis, significantly inhibited AB1167 and C2C12 myoblast differentiation (fusion index AB1167 miR-744-5p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 8.31 ± 7.00% vs. 40.29 ± 9.37% respectively, P < 0.001; myosin heavy chain expression miR-744-5p mimic or scrambled-miR transfected myoblasts 0.92 ± 0.39 vs. 13.53 ± 5.5 respectively, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Combined functional transcriptomics identified 36 miRs including miRs-424-3p/5p, -490-3p, and -744-5p as potential regulators of gene networks associated with recovery of muscle mass and strength following critical illness. MiR-490-3p is identified as a novel regulator of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walsh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Escudero King
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela J Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret J Herridge
- University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Judy Correa
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sameen Ahmed
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Bigot
- INSERM, Institute of Myology, Research Center in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Batt
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ghosh A, Ranjan N, Jiang L, Ansari AH, Degyatoreva N, Ahluwalia S, Arya DP, Maiti S. Fine-tuning miR-21 expression and inhibition of EMT in breast cancer cells using aromatic-neomycin derivatives. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:685-698. [PMID: 35070496 PMCID: PMC8763640 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression within cells and participate in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By targeting 3' UTRs of target genes, individual miRs can control a wide array of gene expressions. Previous research has shed light upon the fact that aberrantly expressed miRs within cells can pertain to diseased conditions, such as cancer. Malignancies caused due to miRs are because of the high expression of onco-miRs or feeble expression of tumor-suppressing miRs. Studies have also shown miRs to engage in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which allows cancer cells to become more invasive and metastasize. miR-21 is an onco-miR highly expressed in breast cancer cells and targets protein PTEN, which abrogates EMT. Therefore, we discuss an approach where in-house-developed peptidic amino sugar molecules have been used to target pre-miR-21 to inhibit miR-21 biogenesis, and hence antagonize its tumor-causing effect and inhibit EMT. Our study shows that small-molecule-based fine-tuning of miR expression can cause genotypic as well as phenotypic changes and also reinstates the potential and importance of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liuwei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Asgar Hussain Ansari
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shivaksh Ahluwalia
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dev P Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,NUBAD LLC, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hsu AY, Wang T, Syahirah R, Liu S, Li K, Zhang W, Wang J, Cao Z, Tian S, Matosevic S, Staiger CJ, Wan J, Deng Q. Rora Regulates Neutrophil Migration and Activation in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:756034. [PMID: 35309302 PMCID: PMC8931656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.756034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration and activation are essential for defense against pathogens. However, this process may also lead to collateral tissue injury. We used microRNA overexpression as a platform and discovered protein-coding genes that regulate neutrophil migration. Here we show that miR-99 decreased the chemotaxis of zebrafish neutrophils and human neutrophil-like cells. In zebrafish neutrophils, miR-99 directly targets the transcriptional factor RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (roraa). Inhibiting RORα, but not the closely related RORγ, reduced chemotaxis of zebrafish and primary human neutrophils without causing cell death, and increased susceptibility of zebrafish to bacterial infection. Expressing a dominant-negative form of Rorα or disrupting the roraa locus specifically in zebrafish neutrophils reduced cell migration. At the transcriptional level, RORα regulates transmembrane signaling receptor activity and protein phosphorylation pathways. Our results, therefore, reveal previously unknown functions of miR-99 and RORα in regulating neutrophil migration and anti-microbial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kailing Li
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Simon Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Cao Y, Tan YF, Wong YS, Aminuddin M, Ramya B, Liew MWJ, Liu J, Venkatraman SS. Designing siRNA/chitosan-methacrylate complex nanolipogel for prolonged gene silencing effects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3527. [PMID: 35241750 PMCID: PMC8894398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite immense revolutionary therapeutics potential, sustaining release of active small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains an arduous challenge. The development of nanoparticles with siRNA sustained release capabilities provides an avenue to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of gene-based therapy. Herein, we present a new system based on the encapsulation of siRNA/chitosan-methacrylate (CMA) complexes into liposomes to form UV crosslinkable Nanolipogels (NLGs) with sustained siRNA-release properties in vitro. We demonstrated that the CMA nanogel in NLGs can enhance the encapsulation efficiency of siRNA and provide sustained release of siRNA up to 28 days. To understand the particle mechanism of cellular entry, multiple endocytic inhibitors have been used to investigate its endocytosis pathways. The study saw positively charged NLGs entering cells via multiple endocytosis pathways, facilitating endosomal escape and slowly releasing siRNA into the cytoplasm. Transfection experiments confirmed that the crosslinked NLG delivery system provides effective transfection and prolonged silencing effect up to 14 days in cell cultures. We expect that this sustained-release siRNA NLG platform would be of interest in both fundamental biological studies and in clinical applications to extend the use of siRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Fei Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Shan Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Aminuddin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhuthalingam Ramya
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Wen Jie Liew
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Subbu S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Harumoto T, Iwai H, Tanigawa M, Kubo T, Atsumi T, Tsutsumi K, Takashima M, Destito G, Soloff R, Tomizuka K, Nycholat C, Paulson J, Uehara K. Enhancement of Gene Knockdown on CD22-Expressing Cells by Chemically Modified Glycan Ligand-siRNA Conjugates. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:292-298. [PMID: 35020348 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extrahepatic targeted delivery of oligonucleotides, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), is an attractive technology for the development of nucleic acid-based medicines. To target CD22-expressing B cells, several drug platforms have shown promise, including antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and nanoparticles, but to date CD22-targeted delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics has not been reported. Here we report the uptake and enhancement of siRNA gene expression knockdown in CD22-expressing B cells using a chemically stabilized and modified CD22 glycan ligand-conjugated siRNA. This finding has the potential to broaden the use of siRNA technology, opening up novel therapeutic opportunities, and presents an innovative approach for targeted delivery of siRNAs to B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Harumoto
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroto Iwai
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Mari Tanigawa
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kubo
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Atsumi
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsutsumi
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Michio Takashima
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Destito
- Kyowa Kirin Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rachel Soloff
- Kyowa Kirin Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Corwin Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keiji Uehara
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi Financial City Grand Cube, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Shah V, Shah J. Restoring Ravaged Heart: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Application of miRNA in Heart Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:835138. [PMID: 35224063 PMCID: PMC8866653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.835138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human heart development is a complex and tightly regulated process, conserving proliferation, and multipotency of embryonic cardiovascular progenitors. At terminal stage, progenitor cell type gets suppressed for terminal differentiation and maturation. In the human heart, most cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and so have limited proliferation capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA that regulate gene expression and mRNA silencing at the post-transcriptional level. These miRNAs play a crucial role in numerous biological events, including cardiac development, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Several cardiac cells specific miRNAs have been discovered. Inhibition or overexpression of these miRNAs could induce cardiac regeneration, cardiac stem cell proliferation and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clinical application of miRNAs extends to heart failure, wherein the cell cycle arrest of terminally differentiated cardiac cells inhibits the heart regeneration. The regenerative capacity of the myocardium can be enhanced by cardiomyocyte specific miRNAs controlling the cell cycle. In this review, we focus on cardiac-specific miRNAs involved in cardiac regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation, and their potential as a new clinical therapy for heart regeneration.
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Kmiołek T, Paradowska-Gorycka A. miRNAs as Biomarkers and Possible Therapeutic Strategies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030452. [PMID: 35159262 PMCID: PMC8834522 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past years, more and more attention has been devoted to the epigenetic dysregulation that provides an additional window for understanding the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous disease where a specific immunologic and genetic/epigenetic background is responsible for disease manifestations and course. In this field, microRNAs (miRNA; miR) are being identified as key regulators of immune cell development and function. The identification of disease-associated miRNAs will introduce us to the post-genomic era, providing the real probability of manipulating the genetic impact of autoimmune diseases. Thereby, different miRNAs may be good candidates for biomarkers in disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and other clinical applications. Here, we outline not only the role of miRNAs in immune and inflammatory responses in RA, but also present miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. Research into miRNAs is still in its infancy; however, investigation into these novel biomarkers could progress the use of personalized medicine in RA treatment. Finally, we discussed the possibility of miRNA-based therapy in RA patients, which holds promise, given major advances in the therapy of patients with inflammatory arthritis.
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The HDAC2/SP1/miR-205 feedback loop contributes to tubular epithelial cell extracellular matrix production in diabetic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:223-238. [PMID: 35084460 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is considered an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors protect against kidney injury. However, the potential mechanisms of HDACs in DKD are still largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel feedback loop composed of HDAC2 and miR-205 that regulates ECM production in tubular epithelial cells in individuals with DKD. We found that HDAC2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was markedly higher in patients with DKD than in patients with diabetes. Nuclear HDAC2 protein expression was increased in TGFβ1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells and db/db mice. We also found that miR-205 was regulated by HDAC2 and downregulated in TGFβ1-treated HK2 cells and db/db mice. In addition, HDAC2 reduced histone H3K9 acetylation in the miR-205 promoter region to inhibit its promoter activity and subsequently suppressed miR-205 expression through an SP1-mediated pathway. Furthermore, miR-205 directly targeted HDAC2 and inhibited HDAC2 expression. Intriguingly, miR-205 also regulated its own transcription by inhibiting HDAC2 and increasing histone H3K9 acetylation in its promoter, forming a feedback regulatory loop. Additionally, the miR-205 agonist attenuated ECM production in HK2 cells and renal interstitial fibrosis in db/db mice. In conclusion, the HDAC2/SP1/miR-205 feedback loop may be crucial for the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Quemener AM, Centomo ML, Sax SL, Panella R. Small Drugs, Huge Impact: The Extraordinary Impact of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Research and Drug Development. Molecules 2022; 27:536. [PMID: 35056851 PMCID: PMC8781596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an increasingly represented class of drugs. These small sequences of nucleotides are designed to precisely target other oligonucleotides, usually RNA species, and are modified to protect them from degradation by nucleases. Their specificity is due to their sequence, so it is possible to target any RNA sequence that is already known. These molecules are very versatile and adaptable given that their sequence and chemistry can be custom manufactured. Based on the chemistry being used, their activity may significantly change and their effects on cell function and phenotypes can differ dramatically. While some will cause the target RNA to decay, others will only bind to the target and act as a steric blocker. Their incredible versatility is the key to manipulating several aspects of nucleic acid function as well as their process, and alter the transcriptome profile of a specific cell type or tissue. For example, they can be used to modify splicing or mask specific sites on a target. The entire design rather than just the sequence is essential to ensuring the specificity of the ASO to its target. Thus, it is vitally important to ensure that the complete process of drug design and testing is taken into account. ASOs' adaptability is a considerable advantage, and over the past decades has allowed multiple new drugs to be approved. This, in turn, has had a significant and positive impact on patient lives. Given current challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to find new therapeutic strategies that would complement the vaccination efforts being used across the globe. ASOs may be a very powerful tool that can be used to target the virus RNA and provide a therapeutic paradigm. The proof of the efficacy of ASOs as an anti-viral agent is long-standing, yet no molecule currently has FDA approval. The emergence and widespread use of RNA vaccines during this health crisis might provide an ideal opportunity to develop the first anti-viral ASOs on the market. In this review, we describe the story of ASOs, the different characteristics of their chemistry, and how their characteristics translate into research and as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais M. Quemener
- University Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes)-UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Maria Laura Centomo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA;
| | - Scott L. Sax
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA;
| | - Riccardo Panella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA;
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Chen YS, Li J, Menon R, Jayaraman A, Lee K, Huang Y, Dashwood WM, Zhang K, Sun D, Dashwood RH. Dietary spinach reshapes the gut microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1972756. [PMID: 34494932 PMCID: PMC8437542 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1972756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interrelationships govern the dynamic interactions between gut microbes, the host, and exogenous drivers of disease outcome. A multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by spinach (SPI) was pursued for the first time in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model. SPI fed for 26 weeks (10% w/w, freeze-dried in the diet) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and, in the Apc-mutant genetic background, β-catenin remained highly overexpressed in adenomatous polyps. However, in both wild type and Apc-mutant rats, increased gut microbiome diversity after SPI consumption coincided with reversal of taxonomic composition. Metagenomic prediction implicated linoleate and butanoate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pathways in cancer, which was supported by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Thus, tumor suppression by SPI involved marked reshaping of the gut microbiome along with changes in host RNA-miRNA networks. When colon polyps were compared with matched normal-looking tissues via metabolomics, anticancer outcomes were linked to SPI-derived linoleate bioactives with known anti-inflammatory/ proapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate, consistent with altered butanoate metabolism stemming from increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome. In colon tumors from SPI-fed rats, L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate also were reduced, implicating altered mitochondrial energetics and cell surface glycans involved in oncogenic signaling networks and immune evasion. In conclusion, a multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by SPI provided mechanistic support for linoleate and butanoate metabolism, as well as tumor-associated changes in L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate. Additional factors, such as the fiber content, also warrant further investigation with a view to delaying colectomy and drug intervention in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Li
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA
| | - Rani Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, USA,CONTACT Roderick H. Dashwood Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texass 77030, USA
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125
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Askari N, Hadizadeh M, Rashidifar M. A new insight into sex-specific non-coding RNAs and networks in response to SARS-CoV-2. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 97:105195. [PMID: 34954105 PMCID: PMC8695320 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the RNA virus responsible for COVID-19, the prognosis of which has been found to be slightly worse in men. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of different mRNAs and their regulatory molecules (miRNAs and lncRNAs) to consider the potential existence of sex-specific expression patterns and COVID-19 susceptibility using bioinformatics analysis. The binding sites of all human mature miRNA sequences on the SARS-CoV-2 genome nucleotide sequence were predicted by the miRanda tool. Sequencing data was excavated using the Galaxy web server from GSE157103, and the output of feature counts was analyzed using DEseq2 packages to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and DEG annotation analyses were performed using the ToppGene and Metascape tools. Using the RNA Interactome Database, we predicted interactions between differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Finally, their networks were constructed with top miRNAs. We identified 11 miRNAs with three to five binding sites on the SARS-COVID-2 genome reference. MiR-29c-3p, miR-21-3p, and miR-6838-5p occupied four binding sites, and miR-29a-3p had five binding sites on the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Moreover, miR-29a-3p, and miR-29c-3p were the top miRNAs targeting DEGs. The expression levels of miRNAs (125, 181b, 130a, 29a, b, c, 212, 181a, 133a) changed in males with COVID-19, in whom they regulated ACE2 expression and affected the immune response by affecting phagosomes, complement activation, and cell-matrix adhesion. Our results indicated that XIST lncRNA was up-regulated, and TTTY14, TTTY10, and ZFY-AS1 lncRN as were down-regulated in both ICU and non-ICU men with COVID-19. Dysregulation of noncoding-RNAs has critical effects on the pathophysiology of men with COVID-19, which is why they may be used as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Overall, our results indicated that the miR-29 family target regulation patterns and might become promising biomarkers for severity and survival outcome in men with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Askari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hadizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Rashidifar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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126
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Yang C, Zhao H, Sun Y, Wang C, Geng X, Wang R, Tang L, Han D, Liu J, Tan W. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3083-3095. [PMID: 35293579 PMCID: PMC8989545 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xinyao Geng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ruowen Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 02168385698; Fax:+86 02168385698;
| | - Lumin Tang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Jianjun Liu.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Weihong Tan.
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127
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Singh P, Muhammad I, Nelson NE, Tran KTM, Vinikoor T, Chorsi MT, D’Orio E, Nguyen TD. Transdermal delivery for gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2613-2633. [PMID: 35538189 PMCID: PMC9089295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a critical constituent of treatment approaches for genetic diseases and has gained tremendous attention. Treating and preventing diseases at the genetic level using genetic materials such as DNA or RNAs could be a new avenue in medicine. However, delivering genes is always a challenge as these molecules are sensitive to various enzymes inside the body, often produce systemic toxicity, and suffer from off-targeting problems. In this regard, transdermal delivery has emerged as an appealing approach to enable a high efficiency and low toxicity of genetic medicines. This review systematically summarizes outstanding transdermal gene delivery methods for applications in skin cancer treatment, vaccination, wound healing, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - I’jaaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Nicole E. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Khanh T. M. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Meysam T. Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Ethan D’Orio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems, Storrs, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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Targeting Cancer by Using Nanoparticles to Modulate RHO GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:115-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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129
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Machine Learning Based Methods and Best Practices of microRNA-Target Prediction and Validation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:109-131. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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130
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Tatli O, Dinler Doganay G. Recent Developments in Targeting RAS Downstream Effectors for RAS-Driven Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247561. [PMID: 34946644 PMCID: PMC8703923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of oncogenic rat sarcoma virus (RAS) protein promotes tumor growth and progression. RAS-driven cancers comprise more than 30% of all human cancers and are refractory to frontline treatment strategies. Since direct targeting of RAS has proven challenging, efforts have been centered on the exploration of inhibitors for RAS downstream effector kinases. Two major RAS downstream signaling pathways, including the Raf/MEK/Erk cascade and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, have become compelling targets for RAS-driven cancer therapy. However, the main drawback in the blockade of a single RAS effector is the multiple levels of crosstalk and compensatory mechanisms between these two pathways that contribute to drug resistance against monotherapies. A growing body of evidence reveals that the sequential or synergistic inhibition of multiple RAS effectors is a more convenient route for the efficacy of cancer therapy. Herein, we revisit the recent developments and discuss the most promising modalities targeting canonical RAS downstream effectors for the treatment of RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tatli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34720, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-2122-857-256
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131
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Tilli TM. Precision Medicine: Technological Impact into Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Decision Making. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121348. [PMID: 34945820 PMCID: PMC8703478 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, impacting 2.1 million women each year. The number of publications on BC is much higher than for any other type of tumor, as well as the number of clinical trials. One of the consequences of all this information is reflected in the number of approved drugs. This review aims to discuss the impact of technological advances in the diagnosis, treatment and decision making of breast cancer and the prospects for the next 10 years. Currently, the literature has described personalized medicine, but what will the treatment be called for in the coming years?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Translational Oncology Platform, Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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132
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Khanali J, Azangou-Khyavy M, Asaadi Y, Jamalkhah M, Kiani J. Nucleic Acid-Based Treatments Against COVID-19: Potential Efficacy of Aptamers and siRNAs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758948. [PMID: 34858370 PMCID: PMC8630580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts, there are currently no approved treatments for COVID-19. However, biotechnological approaches appear to be promising in the treatment of the disease. Accordingly, nucleic acid-based treatments including aptamers and siRNAs are candidates that might be effective in COVID-19 treatment. Aptamers can hamper entry and replication stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while siRNAs can cleave the viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs to inhibit the viral life cycle and reduce viral loads. As a conjugated molecule, aptamer–siRNA chimeras have proven to be dual-functioning antiviral therapy, acting both as virus-neutralizing and replication-interfering agents as well as being a siRNA targeted delivery approach. Previous successful applications of these compounds against various stages of the pathogenesis of diseases and viral infections, besides their advantages over other alternatives, might provide sufficient rationale for the application of these nucleic acid-based drugs against the SARS-CoV-2. However, none of them are devoid of limitations. Here, the literature was reviewed to assess the plausibility of using aptamers, siRNAs, and aptamer–siRNA chimeras against the SARS-CoV-2 based on their previously established effectiveness, and discussing challenges lie in applying these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Khanali
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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miRNA Delivery by Nanosystems: State of the Art and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111901. [PMID: 34834316 PMCID: PMC8619868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~21-23 nucleotides), non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via the endogenous RNA interference machinery of the cell. They have emerged as potential biopharmaceuticals candidates for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, in order to advance miRNAs therapeutics into clinical settings, their delivery remains a major challenge. Different types of vectors have been investigated to allow the delivery of miRNA in the diseased tissue. In particular, non-viral delivery systems have shown important advantages such as versatility, low cost, easy fabrication and low immunogenicity. Here, we present a general overview of the main types of non-viral vectors developed for miRNA delivery, with their advantages, limitations and future perspectives.
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134
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Yedigaryan L, Sampaolesi M. Therapeutic Implications of miRNAs for Muscle-Wasting Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113035. [PMID: 34831256 PMCID: PMC8616481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are mainly involved in translational repression by binding to specific messenger RNAs. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as biomarkers, relevant for a multitude of pathophysiological conditions, and cells can selectively sort miRNAs into extracellular vesicles for paracrine and endocrine effects. In the overall context of muscle-wasting conditions, a multitude of miRNAs has been implied as being responsible for the typical dysregulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways. In general, chronic muscle disorders are associated with the main characteristic of a substantial loss in muscle mass. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle weakness and degeneration. Typically, MDs are caused by mutations in those genes responsible for upholding the integrity of muscle structure and function. Recently, the dysregulation of miRNA levels in such pathological conditions has been reported. This revelation is imperative for both MDs and other muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. The expression levels of miRNAs have immense potential for use as potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Understanding the role of miRNAs in muscle-wasting conditions may lead to the development of novel strategies for the improvement of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Yedigaryan
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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135
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Chou JJ, Berger AG, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Hammond PT. A design approach for layer-by-layer surface-mediated siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:331-341. [PMID: 34481054 PMCID: PMC9316412 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to coat scaffolds and wound dressings with therapeutic short interfering RNA (siRNA) holds much potential for applications in wound healing, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine. Layer-by-layer (LbL) technology is an effective method to formulate polyelectrolyte thin films for local delivery of siRNA; however, the formation and efficacy of LbL coatings as drug delivery systems are highly contingent on the assembly conditions. Here, we investigate the effects of LbL assembly parameters on film composition and consequent siRNA-mediated gene knockdown efficiency in vitro. Films comprising poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) and siRNA were built on polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures consisting of poly(10% L-lactide, 90% glycolide). A fractional factorial design was employed, varying the following LbL assembly conditions: pH, ionic strength, PBAE concentration, and siRNA concentration. Effects of these parameters on PBAE loading, siRNA loading, their respective weight ratios, and in vitro siRNA-mediated knockdown were elucidated. The parameter effects were leveraged to create a rationally designed set of solution conditions that was predicted to give effective siRNA-mediated knockdown, but not included in any of the original experimental conditions. This level of knockdown with our rationally designed loading conditions (47%) is comparable to previous formulations from our lab while being simpler in construction and requiring fewer film layers, which could save time and cost in manufacturing. This study highlights the importance of LbL solution conditions in the preparation of surface-mediated siRNA delivery systems and presents an adaptable methodology for extending these electrostatically-assembled coatings to the delivery of other therapeutic nucleic acids. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics are powerful tools to silence aberrant gene expression in the diseased state; however, the clinical utility of these therapies relies on effective controlled delivery approaches. Electrostatic self-assembly through the layer-by-layer (LbL) process enables direct siRNA release from surfaces, but this method is highly dependent upon the specific solution conditions used. Here, we use a fractional factorial design to illustrate how these assembly conditions impact composition of siRNA-eluting LbL thin films. We then elucidate how these properties mediate in vitro transfection efficacy. Ultimately, this work presents a significant step towards understanding how optimization of assembly conditions for surface-mediated LbL delivery can promote transfection efficacy while reducing the processing and material required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Chou
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Adam G Berger
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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136
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Pan X, Veroniaina H, Su N, Sha K, Jiang F, Wu Z, Qi X. Applications and developments of gene therapy drug delivery systems for genetic diseases. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:687-703. [PMID: 35027949 PMCID: PMC8737406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases seriously threaten human health and have always been one of the refractory conditions facing humanity. Currently, gene therapy drugs such as siRNA, shRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plasmid DNA and miRNA have shown great potential in biomedical applications. To avoid the degradation of gene therapy drugs in the body and effectively deliver them to target tissues, cells and organelles, the development of excellent drug delivery vehicles is of utmost importance. Viral vectors are the most widely used delivery vehicles for gene therapy in vivo and in vitro due to their high transfection efficiency and stable transgene expression. With the development of nanotechnology, novel nanocarriers are gradually replacing viral vectors, emerging superior performance. This review mainly illuminates the current widely used gene therapy drugs, summarizes the viral vectors and non-viral vectors that deliver gene therapy drugs, and sums up the application of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of the field are discussed from the perspective of developing an effective nano-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Pan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Nan Su
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Sha
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fenglin Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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137
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Sogorb-Gonzalez M, Vendrell-Tornero C, Snapper J, Stam A, Keskin S, Miniarikova J, Spronck EA, de Haan M, Nieuwland R, Konstantinova P, van Deventer SJ, Evers MM, Vallès A. Secreted therapeutics: monitoring durability of microRNA-based gene therapies in the central nervous system. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab054. [PMID: 34704020 PMCID: PMC8093922 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical development of microRNA-based gene therapies for inherited neurodegenerative diseases is accompanied by translational challenges. Due to the inaccessibility of the brain to periodically evaluate therapy effects, accessible and reliable biomarkers indicative of dosing, durability and therapeutic efficacy in the central nervous system are very much needed. This is particularly important for viral vector-based gene therapies, in which a one-time administration results in long-term expression of active therapeutic molecules in the brain. Recently, extracellular vesicles have been identified as carriers of RNA species, including microRNAs, and proteins in all biological fluids, whilst becoming potential sources of biomarkers for diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the secretion and potential use of circulating miRNAs associated with extracellular vesicles as suitable sources to monitor the expression and durability of gene therapies in the brain. Neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells were treated with adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 carrying an engineered microRNA targeting huntingtin or ataxin3 gene sequences, the diseases-causing genes of Huntington disease and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, respectively. After treatment, the secretion of mature engineered microRNA molecules was confirmed, with extracellular microRNA levels correlating with viral dose and cellular microRNA expression in neurons. We further investigated the detection of engineered microRNAs over time in the CSF of non-human primates after a single intrastriatal injection of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 carrying a huntingtin-targeting engineered microRNA. Quantifiable engineered microRNA levels enriched in extracellular vesicles were detected in the CSF up to two years after brain infusion. Altogether, these results confirm the long-term expression of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5-delivered microRNAs and support the use of extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs as novel translational pharmacokinetic markers in ongoing clinical trials of gene therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sogorb-Gonzalez
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Vendrell-Tornero
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Snapper
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Stam
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Sonay Keskin
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Miniarikova
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A Spronck
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Martin de Haan
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicles Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Pavlina Konstantinova
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J van Deventer
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin M Evers
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Vallès
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma N.V., Amsterdam, 1105 BP, The Netherlands
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138
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Shadid M, Badawi M, Abulrob A. Antisense oligonucleotides: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1281-1292. [PMID: 34643122 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1992382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a promising novel drug modality that aims to address unmet medical needs. A record of six ASO drugs have been approved since 2016, and more candidates are in clinical development. ASOs are the most advanced class within the RNA-based therapeutics field. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the two major backbones that are currently used to build the most advanced ASO platforms - the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) and the phosphorothioates (PSs). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the PMO and PS platforms are discussed in detail. EXPERT OPINION Understanding the ADME properties of existing ASOs can foster further improvement of this cutting-edge therapy, thereby enabling researchers to safely develop ASO drugs and enhancing their ability to innovate. ABBREVIATIONS 2'-MOE, 2'-O-methoxyethyl; 2'PS, 2 modified PS; ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; ASO, antisense oligonucleotide; AUC, area under the curve; BNA, bridged nucleic acid; CPP, cell-penetrating peptide; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CNS, central nervous system; CYP, cytochrome P; DDI, drug-drug interaction; DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GalNAc3, triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine; IT, intrathecal; IV, intravenous; LNA, locked nucleic acid; mRNA, messenger RNA; NA, not applicable; PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetics; PD, pharmacodynamic; PK, pharmacokinetic; PMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer; PMOplus, PMOs with positionally specific positive molecular charges; PPMO, peptide-conjugated PMO; PS, phosphorothioate; SC, subcutaneous; siRNA, small-interfering RNA; SMA, spinal muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shadid
- Nonclinical Development, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed Badawi
- Clinical Pharmacology Fellow, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Senior Research Officer, Human Health Therapeutics Centre, Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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139
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An Overview of miRNAs Involved in PASMC Phenotypic Switching in Pulmonary Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5765029. [PMID: 34660794 PMCID: PMC8516547 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5765029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is occult, with no distinctive clinical manifestations and a poor prognosis. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is an important pathological feature in which pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) phenotypic switching plays a crucial role. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily highly conserved single-stranded small noncoding RNAs. An increasing number of studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH by regulating PASMCs phenotypic switching, which is expected to be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PH. miRNAs such as miR-221, miR-15b, miR-96, miR-24, miR-23a, miR-9, miR-214, and miR-20a can promote PASMCs phenotypic switching, while such as miR-21, miR-132, miR-449, miR-206, miR-124, miR-30c, miR-140, and the miR-17~92 cluster can inhibit it. The article reviews the research progress on growth factor-related miRNAs and hypoxia-related miRNAs that mediate PASMCs phenotypic switching in PH.
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140
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Lu Y, Zhang B, Wang B, Wu D, Wang C, Gao Y, Liang W, Xi H, Wang X, Chen L. MiR-144-3p inhibits gastric cancer progression and stemness via directly targeting GLI2 involved in hedgehog pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:432. [PMID: 34657624 PMCID: PMC8521984 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Due to the dismal prognosis, identifying novel therapeutic targets in GC is urgently needed. Evidences have shown that miRNAs played critical roles in the regulation of tumor initiation and progression. GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) has been reported to be up-regulated and facilitate cancer progression in multiple malignancies. In this study, we focused on identifying GLI2-targeted miRNAs and clarifying the underlying mechanism in GC. Methods Paired fresh gastric cancer tissues were collected from gastrectomy patients. GLI2 and miRNAs expression were detected in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict GLI2-targeted miRNAs and dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied for target verification. CCK-8, clone formation, transwell and flow cytometry were carried out to determine the proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle of gastric cancer cells. Tumorsphere formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to detail the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Xenograft models in nude mice were established to investigate the role of the miR-144-3p in vivo. Results GLI2 was frequently upregulated in GC and indicated a poor survival. Meanwhile, miR-144-3p was downregulated and negatively correlated with GLI2 in GC. GLI2 was a direct target gene of miR-144-3p. MiR-144-3p overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Enhanced miR-144-3p expression inhibited tumorsphere formation and CD44 expression of GCSCs. Restoration of GLI2 expression partly reversed the suppressive effect of miR-144-3p. Xenograft assay showed that miR-144-3p could inhibit the tumorigenesis of GC in vivo. Conclusions MiR-144-3p was downregulated and served as an essential tumor suppressor in GC. Mechanistically, miR-144-3p inhibited gastric cancer progression and stemness by, at least in part, regulating GLI2 expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03093-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Lu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Benlong Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Di Wu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yunhe Gao
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenquan Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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141
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Khosravi HM, Jantsch MF. Site-directed RNA editing: recent advances and open challenges. RNA Biol 2021; 18:41-50. [PMID: 34569891 PMCID: PMC8677011 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1983288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA editing by cytosine and adenosine deaminases changes the identity of the edited bases. While cytosines are converted to uracils, adenines are converted to inosines. If coding regions of mRNAs are affected, the coding potential of the RNA can be changed, depending on the codon affected. The recoding potential of nucleotide deaminases has recently gained attention for their ability to correct genetic mutations by either reverting the mutation itself or by manipulating processing steps such as RNA splicing. In contrast to CRISPR-based DNA-editing approaches, RNA editing events are transient in nature, therefore reducing the risk of long-lasting inadvertent side-effects. Moreover, some RNA-based therapeutics are already FDA approved and their use in targeting multiple cells or organs to restore genetic function has already been shown. In this review, we provide an overview on the current status and technical differences of site-directed RNA-editing approaches. We also discuss advantages and challenges of individual approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mansouri Khosravi
- Center of Anatomy & Cell Biology Division of Cell & Developmental Biology Medical, Unviersity of Vienna SchwarzspanierstrasseVienna, Austria
| | - Michael F. Jantsch
- Center of Anatomy & Cell Biology Division of Cell & Developmental Biology Medical, Unviersity of Vienna SchwarzspanierstrasseVienna, Austria
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142
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RNAi-Based Approaches for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101638. [PMID: 34683931 PMCID: PMC8541396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated death by 2025. Despite intensive research for effective treatment strategies and novel anticancer drugs over the past decade, the overall patient survival rate remains low. RNA interference (RNAi) is capable of interfering with expression of specific genes and has emerged as a promising approach for pancreatic cancer because genetic aberrations and dysregulated signaling are the drivers for tumor formation and the stromal barrier to conventional therapy. Despite its therapeutic potential, RNA-based drugs have remaining hurdles such as poor tumor delivery and susceptibility to serum degradation, which could be overcome with the incorporation of nanocarriers for clinical applications. Here we summarize the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) in pancreatic cancer therapy in preclinical reports with approaches for targeting either the tumor or tumor microenvironment (TME) using various types of nanocarriers. In these studies, inhibition of oncogene expression and induction of a tumor suppressive response in cancer cells and surrounding immune cells in TME exhibited a strong anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer models. The review discusses the remaining challenges and prospective strategies suggesting the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics for pancreatic cancer.
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143
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Xu J, Gu M, Hooi L, Toh TB, Thng DKH, Lim JJ, Chow EKH. Enhanced penetrative siRNA delivery by a nanodiamond drug delivery platform against hepatocellular carcinoma 3D models. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16131-16145. [PMID: 34542130 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can cause specific gene silencing and is considered promising for treating a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, siRNA has many undesirable physicochemical properties that limit its application. Additionally, conventional methods for delivering siRNA are limited in their ability to penetrate solid tumors. In this study, nanodiamonds (NDs) were evaluated as a nanoparticle drug delivery platform for improved siRNA delivery into tumor cells. Our results demonstrated that ND-siRNA complexes could effectively be formed through electrostatic interactions. The ND-siRNA complexes allowed for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape that protects siRNA from degradation. Moreover, ND delivery of siRNA was more effective at penetrating tumor spheroids compared to liposomal formulations. This enhanced penetration capacity makes NDs ideal vehicles to deliver siRNA against solid tumor masses as efficient gene knockdown and decreased tumor cell proliferation were observed in tumor spheroids. Evaluation of ND-siRNA complexes within the context of a 3D cancer disease model demonstrates the potential of NDs as a promising gene delivery platform against solid tumors, such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Mengjie Gu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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144
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Pandey M, Ojha D, Bansal S, Rode AB, Chawla G. From bench side to clinic: Potential and challenges of RNA vaccines and therapeutics in infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101003. [PMID: 34332771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs. Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Some of the major challenges to overcome in the area of RNA-based therapeutics have been the instability of single-stranded RNAs, delivery to the diseased cell, and immunogenicity. However, recent advancements in the delivery systems of in vitro transcribed mRNA and chemical modifications for protection against nucleases and reducing the toxicity of RNA have facilitated the entry of several exogenous RNAs into clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA-based vaccines and therapeutics, their production, delivery, current advancements, and future translational potential in treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Divya Ojha
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ambadas B Rode
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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145
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Hu J, Stojanović J, Yasamineh S, Yasamineh P, Karuppannan SK, Hussain Dowlath MJ, Serati-Nouri H. The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2649-2672. [PMID: 34278528 PMCID: PMC8286877 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, there is no effective therapeutic approach for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized to target the viral genome directly or indirectly, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Several studies have demonstrated that host miRNAs target different sites in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and constrain the production of essential viral proteins. Furthermore, miRNAs have lower toxicity, are more immunogenic, and are more diverse than protein-based and even plasmid-DNA-based therapeutic agents. In this review, we emphasize the role of miRNAs in viral infection and their potential use as therapeutic agents against COVID-19 disease. The potential of novel miRNA delivery strategies, especially EDV™ nanocells, for targeting lung tissue for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulue Hu
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, Henan, China
| | - Jelena Stojanović
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science in Belgrade, ALFA BK University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamed Serati-Nouri
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abashkin V, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Dzmitruk V, Shcharbin D, Bryszewska M. Prospects of Cationic Carbosilane Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles as Non-viral Vectors for Delivery of Anticancer siRNAs siBCL-xL and siMCL-1. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1549. [PMID: 34683842 PMCID: PMC8540611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems of modern medicine. At the present time, gene therapy has been developed against cancer, which includes the delivery of anticancer small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed at cancer proteins. The prospect of creating drugs based on RNA interference implies the use of delivery systems. Metal nanoparticles are the most studied objects for medicine, including their application as non-viral vectors. We have synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with cationic carbosilane dendrons of 1-3 generations, with a positive charge on the surface, gold nanoparticles can effectively bind small interfering RNAs. Using a photometric viability test and flow cytometry, we assessed the ability of dendronized gold nanoparticles in delivering siRNAs to tumor cells. The efficiency of the complexes in initiating apoptosis was measured and, also, the overall effect of proapoptotic siRNA on cells. AuNP15 has both the highest efficacy and toxicity. The delivery efficiency in suspension cell lines was 50-60%. Complexes with targeted siRNA decreased cell viability by 20% compared to control and initiated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktar Abashkin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Volha Dzmitruk
- Center of Molecular Structure, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 595 Průmyslová St., 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
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147
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Sallam MA, Prakash S, Kumbhojkar N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Formulation-based approaches for dermal delivery of vaccines and therapeutic nucleic acids: Recent advances and future perspectives. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10215. [PMID: 34589595 PMCID: PMC8459604 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing variety of biological macromolecules are in development for use as active ingredients in topical therapies and vaccines. Dermal delivery of biomacromolecules offers several advantages compared to other delivery methods, including improved targetability, reduced systemic toxicity, and decreased degradation of drugs. However, this route of delivery is hampered by the barrier function of the skin. Recently, a large body of research has been directed toward improving the delivery of macromolecules to the skin, ranging from nucleic acids (NAs) to antigens, using noninvasive means. In this review, we discuss the latest formulation-based efforts to deliver antigens and NAs for vaccination and treatment of skin diseases. We provide a perspective of their advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation. The delivery platforms discussed in this review may provide formulation scientists and clinicians with a better vision of the alternatives for dermal delivery of biomacromolecules, which may facilitate the development of new patient-friendly prophylactic and therapeutic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Sallam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Department of Industrial PharmacyFaculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria UniversityEgypt
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charles Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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148
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Xie D, Wang J, Hu G, Chen C, Yang H, Ritter JK, Qu Y, Li N. Kidney-Targeted Delivery of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Small Interfering RNA with Nanoparticles Alleviated Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:235-243. [PMID: 34103333 PMCID: PMC11047054 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) has been shown to protect against various kidney diseases. However, there are controversial reports on the effect of PHD inhibition in renoprotection. The present study determined whether delivery of PHD2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) using an siRNA carrier, folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 5 (G5-FA), would mainly target kidneys and protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). The renal I/R was generated by clipping the renal pedicle for 30 minutes in uninephrectomized mice. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours after I/R. Normal saline or G5-FA complexed with control or PHD2 siRNA was injected via tail vein 24 hours before ischemia. After the injection of near-infrared fluorescent dye-labeled G5-FA, the fluorescence was mainly detected in kidneys but not in other organs. The reduction of PHD2 mRNA and protein was only observed in kidneys but not in other organs after injection of PHD2-siRNA-G5-FA complex. The injection of PHD2-siRNA-G5-FA significantly alleviated renal I/R injury, as shown by the inhibition of increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, the blockade of increases in kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and the improvement of histologic damage compared with mice treated with control siRNA. PHD2 siRNA can be delivered specifically into kidneys using G5-FA, and that local knockdown of PHD2 gene expression within the kidney alleviates renal I/R injury. Therefore, G5-FA is an efficient siRNA carrier to deliver siRNA into the kidney, and that local inhibition of PHD2 within the kidney may be a potential strategy for the management of acute I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 5 (G5-FA) was demonstrated to be an effective carrier to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) into kidneys. Delivery of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 siRNA with G5-FA effectively protected the kidneys against the acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengpiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Chaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Yun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (D.X., G.H., C.C., J.K.R., N.L.); College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.W.); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri (H.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (Y.Q.)
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149
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Targeting miRNA by Natural Products: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6641031. [PMID: 34426744 PMCID: PMC8380168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as multifactorial chronic liver disease and the lack of a specific treatment have begun a new era in its treatment using gene expression changes and microRNAs. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds in NAFLD by regulating miRNA expression. MicroRNAs play essential roles in regulating the cell's biological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and adipocyte differentiation, by controlling the posttranscriptional gene expression level. The impact of current NAFLD pharmacological management, including drug and biological therapies, is uncertain. In this context, various dietary fruits or medicinal herbal sources have received worldwide attention versus NAFLD development. Natural ingredients such as berberine, lychee pulp, grape seed, and rosemary possess protective and therapeutic effects against NAFLD by modifying the gene's expression and noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs.
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150
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Mohanty A, Rajendran V. Mammalian host microRNA response to plasmodial infection: role as therapeutic target and potential biomarker. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3341-3353. [PMID: 34423387 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of increasing drug resistance in apicomplexan intracellular Plasmodium falciparum presents a significant challenge. P. falciparum infection results in cerebral malaria (CM), causing irreversible damage to the brain leading to high mortality cases. To enhance the clinical outcome of the disease, further research is required to identify new molecular targets involved in disease manifestations. Presently, the role of non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from different cells implicated in CM pathogenesis is still barely understood. Despite the absence of miRNA machinery in Plasmodium, host-parasite interactions can lead to disease severity or impart resistance to malaria. Cytoadherence and sequestration of parasitized RBCs dysregulate the miRNA profile of brain endothelial cells, leukocytes, monocytes, and platelets, disrupting blood-brain barrier integrity and activating inflammatory signaling pathways. The abundance of miRNA in blood plasma samples of CM patients directly correlates to cerebral symptoms compared to non-CM patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, the differential host-miRNA signatures distinguish P. falciparum from P. vivax infection. Here, we review the diverse functions of host-miRNA, either protective, pathogenic, or a combination of the two, which may act as prognostic markers and novel antimalarial drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinab Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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