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Schweizer N, Viereckel T, Smith-Anttila CJ, Nordenankar K, Arvidsson E, Mahmoudi S, Zampera A, Wärner Jonsson H, Bergquist J, Lévesque D, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Andersson M, Dumas S, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 Gene Expression Levels throughout the Mouse Subthalamic Nucleus Cause Cell Loss and Structural Disorganization Followed by Increased Motor Activity and Decreased Sugar Consumption. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0264-16.2016. [PMID: 27699212 PMCID: PMC5041164 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0264-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a central role in motor, cognitive, and affective behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN is the most common surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), and STN has lately gained attention as target for DBS in neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. Animal studies using STN-DBS, lesioning, or inactivation of STN neurons have been used extensively alongside clinical studies to unravel the structural organization, circuitry, and function of the STN. Recent studies in rodent STN models have exposed different roles for STN neurons in reward-related functions. We have previously shown that the majority of STN neurons express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene (Vglut2/Slc17a6) and that reduction of Vglut2 mRNA levels within the STN of mice [conditional knockout (cKO)] causes reduced postsynaptic activity and behavioral hyperlocomotion. The cKO mice showed less interest in fatty rewards, which motivated analysis of reward-response. The current results demonstrate decreased sugar consumption and strong rearing behavior, whereas biochemical analyses show altered dopaminergic and peptidergic activity in the striatum. The behavioral alterations were in fact correlated with opposite effects in the dorsal versus the ventral striatum. Significant cell loss and disorganization of the STN structure was identified, which likely accounts for the observed alterations. Rare genetic variants of the human VGLUT2 gene exist, and this study shows that reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 gene expression levels exclusively within the STN of mice is sufficient to cause strong modifications in both the STN and the mesostriatal dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schweizer
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Viereckel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Nordenankar
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Arvidsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Souha Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Hanna Wärner Jonsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, BMC - Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Malin Andersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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102
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Mayer JS, Neimat J, Folley BS, Bourne SK, Konrad PE, Charles D, Park S. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters frontal activity during spatial working memory maintenance of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurocase 2016; 22:369-78. [PMID: 27337498 PMCID: PMC4980078 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1197951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The STN may represent an important relay station not only in the motor but also the associative cortico-striato-thalamocortical pathway. Therefore, STN stimulation may alter cognitive functions, such as working memory (WM). We examined cortical effects of STN-DBS on WM in early PD patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The effects of dopaminergic medication on WM were also examined. Lateral frontal activity during WM maintenance was greater when patients were taking dopaminergic medication. STN-DBS led to a trend-level worsening of WM performance, accompanied by increased lateral frontal activity during WM maintenance. These findings suggest that STN-DBS in PD might lead to functional modifications of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathway during WM maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Mayer
- a Department of Psychology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Goethe University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Joseph Neimat
- c Department of Neurological Surgery , Vanderbilt Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | | | - Sarah K Bourne
- c Department of Neurological Surgery , Vanderbilt Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- c Department of Neurological Surgery , Vanderbilt Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - David Charles
- e Department of Neurology , Vanderbilt Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Sohee Park
- a Department of Psychology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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103
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Abstract
The concept of “inhibition” is widely used in synaptic, circuit, and systems neuroscience, where it has a clear meaning because it is clearly observable. The concept is also ubiquitous in psychology. One common use is to connote an active/willed process underlying cognitive control. Many authors claim that subjects execute cognitive control over unwanted stimuli, task sets, responses, memories, and emotions by inhibiting them, and that frontal lobe damage induces distractibility, impulsivity, and perseveration because of damage to an inhibitory mechanism. However, with the exception of the motor domain, the notion of an active inhibitory process underlying cognitive control has been heavily challenged. Alternative explanations have been provided that explain cognitive control without recourse to inhibition as concept, mechanism, or theory. This article examines the role that neuroscience can play when examining whether the psychological concept of active inhibition can be meaningfully applied in cognitive control research. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(3):214—228, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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104
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Plantinga BR, Roebroeck A, Kemper VG, Uludağ K, Melse M, Mai J, Kuijf ML, Herrler A, Jahanshahi A, Ter Haar Romeny BM, Temel Y. Ultra-High Field MRI Post Mortem Structural Connectivity of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, and Globus Pallidus. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:66. [PMID: 27378864 PMCID: PMC4909758 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus, three nuclei of the human basal ganglia, play an important role in motor, associative, and limbic processing. The network of the basal ganglia is generally characterized by a direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathway. This study aims to investigate the mesoscopic nature of these connections between the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus and their surrounding structures. Methods: A human post mortem brain specimen including the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus was scanned on a 7 T MRI scanner. High resolution diffusion weighted images were used to reconstruct the fibers intersecting the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus. The course and density of these tracks was analyzed. Results: Most of the commonly established projections of the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus were successfully reconstructed. However, some of the reconstructed fiber tracks such as the connections of the substantia nigra pars compacta to the other included nuclei and the connections with the anterior commissure have not been shown previously. In addition, the quantitative tractography approach showed a typical degree of connectivity previously not documented. An example is the relatively larger projections of the subthalamic nucleus to the substantia nigra pars reticulata when compared to the projections to the globus pallidus internus. Discussion: This study shows that ultra-high field post mortem tractography allows for detailed 3D reconstruction of the projections of deep brain structures in humans. Although the results should be interpreted carefully, the newly identified connections contribute to our understanding of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit R Plantinga
- Department of Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Valentin G Kemper
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje Melse
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Mai
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrler
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart M Ter Haar Romeny
- Department of Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht, Netherlands
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105
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Baydin S, Gungor A, Tanriover N, Baran O, Middlebrooks EH, Rhoton AL. Fiber Tracts of the Medial and Inferior Surfaces of the Cerebrum. World Neurosurg 2016; 98:34-49. [PMID: 27184897 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fiber dissection studies of the cerebrum have focused on the lateral surface. No comparable detailed studies have been done on the medial and inferior surfaces. The object of this study was to examine the fiber tracts, cortical, and subcortical structures of the medial and inferior aspects of the brain important in planning operative approaches along the interhemispheric fissure, parafalcine area, and basal surfaces of the cerebrum. METHODS Twenty formalin-fixed human hemispheres (10 brains) were examined by fiber dissection technique under ×6-×40 magnifications. RESULTS The superior longitudinal fasciculus I, cingulum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, optic radiations, tapetum, and callosal fibers were dissected step by step from medial to lateral, exposing the nucleus accumbens, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, and central midline structures (fornix, stria medullaris, and stria terminalis). Finally, the central core structures were dissected from medial to lateral. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the fiber network underlying the medial and inferior aspects of the brain is important in surgical planning for approaches along the interhemispheric fissure, parafalcine area, and basal surfaces of the cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Baydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Abuzer Gungor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Necmettin Tanriover
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Albert L Rhoton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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106
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Cyron D. Mental Side Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Movement Disorders: The Futility of Denial. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 10:17. [PMID: 27147988 PMCID: PMC4837159 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donatus Cyron
- Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe Karlsruhe, Germany
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107
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Bouabid S, Tinakoua A, Lakhdar-Ghazal N, Benazzouz A. Manganese neurotoxicity: behavioral disorders associated with dysfunctions in the basal ganglia and neurochemical transmission. J Neurochem 2015; 136:677-691. [PMID: 26608821 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for many physiological functions. While it is essential at physiological levels, excessive accumulation of Mn in the brain causes severe dysfunctions in the central nervous system known as manganism. Manganism is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized by motor disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive disabilities similar to Parkinsonism. As the primary brain regions targeted by Mn are the basal ganglia, known to be involved in the pathophysiology of extrapyramidal disorders, this review will examine the impact of Mn exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation to motor and non-motor disorders. The collected data from recent available studies in humans and experimental animal models provide new information about the mechanisms by which Mn affects behavior, neurotransmitters, and basal ganglia function observed in manganism. The effects of the alterations of metals on basal ganglia and neurochemical functioning are critical to develop effective modalities not only for the treatment of vulnerable populations (e.g., Mn-exposed workers) but also for understanding the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases where brain metal imbalances are involved, such as Parkinson's disease. We examine the impact of manganese (Mn) exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation with motor and non-motor disorders. The collected data from available studies show that when accumulated in the globus pallidus, Mn influences the subthalamic (STN) and substantia nigra (SN) neurons, which are at the origin of changes in the thalamus and the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Bouabid
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anass Tinakoua
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nouria Lakhdar-Ghazal
- Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Rythmes Biologiques, Neurosciences et Environnement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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108
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Mathys C, Caspers J, Langner R, Südmeyer M, Grefkes C, Reetz K, Moldovan AS, Michely J, Heller J, Eickhoff CR, Turowski B, Schnitzler A, Hoffstaedter F, Eickhoff SB. Functional Connectivity Differences of the Subthalamic Nucleus Related to Parkinson's Disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:1235-53. [PMID: 26700444 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A typical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathological activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here, we tested whether in patients with PD under dopaminergic treatment functional connectivity of the STN differs from healthy controls (HC) and whether some brain regions show (anti-) correlations between functional connectivity with STN and motor symptoms. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity with STN in 54 patients with PD and 55 HC matched for age, gender, and within-scanner motion. Compared to HC, we found attenuated negative STN-coupling with Crus I of the right cerebellum and with right ventromedial prefrontal regions in patients with PD. Furthermore, we observed enhanced negative STN-coupling with bilateral intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal cortex, right sensorimotor, right premotor, and left visual cortex compared to HC. Finally, we found a decline in positive STN-coupling with the left insula related to severity of motor symptoms and a decline of inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left and right STN with progression of PD-related motor symptoms. Motor symptom related uncoupling of the insula, a key region in the saliency network and for executive function, from the STN might be associated with well-known executive dysfunction in PD. Moreover, uncoupling between insula and STN might also induce an insufficient setting of thresholds for the discrimination between relevant and irrelevant salient environmental stimuli, explaining observations of disturbed response control in PD. In sum, motor symptoms in PD are associated with a reduced coupling between STN and a key region for executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mathys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Neuromodulation & Neurorehabilitation Group, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology and JARA BRAIN, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexia-Sabine Moldovan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Michely
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Neuromodulation & Neurorehabilitation Group, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Heller
- Department of Neurology and JARA BRAIN, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3, INM-4), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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109
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Rossi PJ, Gunduz A, Okun MS. The Subthalamic Nucleus, Limbic Function, and Impulse Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:398-410. [PMID: 26577509 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to address some of the disabling motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can evoke unintended effects, especially on non-motor behavior. This observation has catalyzed more than a decade of research concentrated on establishing trends and identifying potential mechanisms for these non-motor effects. While many issues remain unresolved, the collective result of many research studies and clinical observations has been a general recognition of the role of the STN in mediating limbic function. In particular, the STN has been implicated in impulse control and the related construct of valence processing. A better understanding of STN involvement in these phenomena could have important implications for treating impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICDs affect up to 40% of PD patients on dopamine agonist therapy and approximately 15% of PD patients overall. ICDs have been reported to be associated with STN DBS. In this paper we will focus on impulse control and review pre-clinical, clinical, behavioral, imaging, and electrophysiological studies pertaining to the limbic function of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Justin Rossi
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, HSC Box 100236, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA.
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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110
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Experienced stress produces inhibitory deficits in old adults' Flanker task performance: First evidence for lifetime stress effects beyond memory. Biol Psychol 2015; 113:1-11. [PMID: 26542527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies regarding aged individuals' performance on the Flanker task differ with respect to reporting impaired or intact executive control. Past work has explained this discrepancy by hypothesising that elderly individuals use increased top-down control mechanisms advantageous to Flanker performance. This study investigated this mechanism, focussing on cumulative experienced stress as a factor that may impact on its execution, thereby leading to impaired performance. Thirty elderly and thirty young participants completed a version of the Flanker task paired with electroencephalographic recordings of the alpha frequency, whose increased synchronisation indexes inhibitory processes. Among high stress elderly individuals, findings revealed a general slowing of reaction times for congruent and incongruent stimuli, which correlated with alpha desynchronisation for both stimulus categories. Results found high performing (low stress) elderly revealed neither a behavioural nor electrophysiological difference compared to young participants. Therefore, rather than impacting on top-down compensatory mechanisms, findings indicate that stress may affect elderly participants' inhibitory control in attentional and sensorimotor domains.
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111
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Gmel GE, Hamilton TJ, Obradovic M, Gorman RB, Single PS, Chenery HJ, Coyne T, Silburn PA, Parker JL. A new biomarker for subthalamic deep brain stimulation for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease--a pilot study. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:066013. [PMID: 26469805 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/6/066013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the standard treatment for advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other motor disorders. Although the surgical procedure has improved in accuracy over the years thanks to imaging and microelectrode recordings, the underlying principles that render DBS effective are still debated today. The aim of this paper is to present initial findings around a new biomarker that is capable of assessing the efficacy of DBS treatment for PD which could be used both as a research tool, as well as in the context of a closed-loop stimulator. APPROACH We have used a novel multi-channel stimulator and recording device capable of measuring the response of nervous tissue to stimulation very close to the stimulus site with minimal latency, rejecting most of the stimulus artefact usually found with commercial devices. We have recorded and analyzed the responses obtained intraoperatively in two patients undergoing DBS surgery in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for advanced PD. MAIN RESULTS We have identified a biomarker in the responses of the STN to DBS. The responses can be analyzed in two parts, an initial evoked compound action potential arising directly after the stimulus onset, and late responses (LRs), taking the form of positive peaks, that follow the initial response. We have observed a morphological change in the LRs coinciding with a decrease in the rigidity of the patients. SIGNIFICANCE These initial results could lead to a better characterization of the DBS therapy, and the design of adaptive DBS algorithms that could significantly improve existing therapies and help us gain insights into the functioning of the basal ganglia and DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit E Gmel
- Implant Systems Group, National Information and Communications Technology Australia, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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112
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Advanced target identification in STN-DBS with beta power of combined local field potentials and spiking activity. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 253:116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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113
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Kocabicak E, Alptekin O, Ackermans L, Kubben P, Kuijf M, Kurt E, Esselink R, Temel Y. Is there still need for microelectrode recording now the subthalamic nucleus can be well visualized with high field and ultrahigh MR imaging? Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:46. [PMID: 26321929 PMCID: PMC4531226 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ersoy Kocabicak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onur Alptekin
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Ackermans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Kubben
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Kuijf
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erkan Kurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donders Institute for Cognition, Brain and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Esselink
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Cognition, Brain and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
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Batens K, De Letter M, Raedt R, Duyck W, Vanhoutte S, Van Roost D, Santens P. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and spontaneous language production in Parkinson's disease: A double laterality problem. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 147:76-84. [PMID: 26099950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, are characteristic for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the lateralized representation of language, the correlation of asymmetric degeneration of nigrostriatal networks in PD with language performance has scarcely been examined. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The laterality of dopamine depletion influences language deficits in PD and thus modulates the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on language production. METHODS The spontaneous language production of patients with predominant dopamine depletion of the left (PD-left) and right (PD-right) hemisphere was compared in four stimulation conditions. RESULTS PD-right made comparatively more verb inflection errors than PD-left. Bilateral STN stimulation improves spontaneous language production only for PD-left. CONCLUSIONS The laterality of dopamine depletion influences spontaneous language production and the effect of STN stimulation on linguistic functions. However, it is probably only one of the many variables influencing the effect of STN stimulation on language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Batens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Duyck
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vanhoutte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Roost
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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115
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Faggiani E, Delaville C, Benazzouz A. The combined depletion of monoamines alters the effectiveness of subthalamic deep brain stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2015. [PMID: 26206409 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are under-studied and therefore not well treated. Here, we investigated the role of combined depletions of dopamine, norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the manifestation of motor and non-motor deficits in the rat. Then, we studied the impact of these depletions on the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). We performed selective depletions of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, and the behavioral effects of different combined depletions were investigated using the open field, the elevated plus maze and the forced swim test. Bilateral dopamine depletion alone induced locomotor deficits associated with anxiety and mild "depressive-like" behaviors. Although additional depletions of norepinephrine and/or serotonin did not potentiate locomotor and anxiety disorders, combined depletions of the three monoamines dramatically exacerbated "depressive-like" behavior. STN-DBS markedly reversed locomotor deficits and anxiety behavior in animals with bilateral dopamine depletion alone. However, these improvements were reduced or lost by the additional depletion of norepinephrine and/or serotonin, indicating that the depletion of these monoamines may interfere with the antiparkinsonian efficacy of STN-DBS. Furthermore, our results showed that acute STN-DBS improved "depressive-like" disorder in animals with bilateral depletion of dopamine and also in animals with combined depletions of the three monoamines, which induced severe immobility in the forced swim test. Our data highlight the key role of monoamine depletions in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depressive-like disorders and provide the first evidence of their negative consequences on the efficacy of STN-DBS upon the motor and anxiety disorders in the context of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Faggiani
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Delaville
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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116
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Baladron J, Hamker FH. A spiking neural network based on the basal ganglia functional anatomy. Neural Netw 2015; 67:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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117
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van Dijk KJ, Verhagen R, Chaturvedi A, McIntyre CC, Bour LJ, Heida C, Veltink PH. A novel lead design enables selective deep brain stimulation of neural populations in the subthalamic region. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:046003. [PMID: 26020096 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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118
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The impact of Parkinson's disease and subthalamic deep brain stimulation on reward processing. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:11-9. [PMID: 25976111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its position in cortico-subthalamic and cortico-striatal pathways, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered to play a crucial role not only in motor, but also in cognitive and motivational functions. In the present study we aimed to characterize how different aspects of reward processing are affected by disease and deep brain stimulation of the STN (DBS-STN) in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We compared 33 PD patients treated with DBS-STN under best medical treatment (DBS-on, medication-on) to 33 PD patients without DBS, but optimized pharmacological treatment and 34 age-matched healthy controls. We then investigated DBS-STN effects using a postoperative stimulation-on/ -off design. The task set included a delay discounting task, a task to assess changes in incentive salience attribution, and the Iowa Gambling Task. RESULTS The presence of PD was associated with increased incentive salience attribution and devaluation of delayed rewards. Acute DBS-STN increased risky choices in the Iowa Gambling Task under DBS-on condition, but did not further affect incentive salience attribution or the evaluation of delayed rewards. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that acute DBS-STN affects specific aspects of reward processing, including the weighting of gains and losses, while larger-scale effects of disease or medication are predominant in others reward-related functions.
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119
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Alkemade A, Schnitzler A, Forstmann BU. Topographic organization of the human and non-human primate subthalamic nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 220:3075-86. [PMID: 25921975 PMCID: PMC4575692 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is used to relieve motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. A tripartite system of STN subdivisions serving motoric, associative, and limbic functions was proposed, mainly based on tracing studies, which are limited by low numbers of observations. The evidence is compelling and raises the question as to what extent these functional zones are anatomically segregated. The majority of studies indicate that there is anatomical overlap between STN functional zones. Using ultrahigh-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques it is now possible to visualize the STN with high spatial resolution, and it is feasible that in the near future stereotactic guided placement of electrical stimulators aided by high-resolution imaging will allow for more specific stimulation of the STN. The neuroanatomical and functional makeup of these subdivisions and their level of overlap would benefit from clarification before serving as surgical targets. We discuss histological and imaging studies, as well as clinical observations and electrophysiological recordings in DBS patients. These studies provide evidence for a topographical organization within the STN, although it remains unclear to what extent functionally and anatomically distinct subdivisions overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Alkemade
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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120
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Rektor I, Bočková M, Chrastina J, Rektorová I, Baláž M. The modulatory role of subthalamic nucleus in cognitive functions – A viewpoint. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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121
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Johnson LA, Xu W, Baker KB, Zhang J, Vitek JL. Modulation of motor cortex neuronal activity and motor behavior during subthalamic nucleus stimulation in the normal primate. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2549-54. [PMID: 25673744 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00997.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). An emerging hypothesis is that the therapeutic benefit of DBS is derived from direct modulation of primary motor cortex (M1), yet little is known about the influence of STN DBS on individual neurons in M1. We investigated the effect of STN DBS, delivered at discrete interval intensities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) of corticospinal tract threshold (CSTT), on motor performance and M1 neuronal activity in a naive nonhuman primate. Motor performance during a food reach and retrieval task improved during low-intensity stimulation (20% CSTT) but worsened as intensity approached the threshold for activation of corticospinal fibers (80% and 100% CSTT). To assess cortical effects of STN DBS, spontaneous, extracellular neuronal activity was collected from M1 neurons before, during, and after DBS at the same CSTT stimulus intensities. STN DBS significantly modulated the firing of a majority of M1 neurons; however, the direction of effect varied with stimulus intensity such that, at 20% CSTT, most neurons were suppressed, whereas at the highest stimulus intensities the majority of neurons were activated. At a population level, firing rates increased as stimulus intensity increased. These results show that STN DBS influences both motor performance and M1 neuronal activity systematically according to stimulus intensity. In addition, the unanticipated reduction in reach times suggests that STN DBS, at stimulus intensities lower than typically used for treatment of PD motor signs, can enhance normal motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth B Baker
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Jerrold L Vitek
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
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122
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Lambert C, Zrinzo L, Nagy Z, Lutti A, Hariz M, Foltynie T, Draganski B, Ashburner J, Frackowiak R. Do we need to revise the tripartite subdivision hypothesis of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN)? Response to Alkemade and Forstmann. Neuroimage 2015; 110:1-2. [PMID: 25620491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently in this journal, Alkemade and Forstmann again challenged the evidence for a tripartite organisation to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Alkemade & Forstmann 2014). Additionally, they raised specific issues with the earlier published results using 3T MRI to perform in vivo diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) based segmentation of the STN (Lambert et al. 2012). Their comments reveal a common misconception related to the underlying methodologies used, which we clarify in this reply, in addition to highlighting how their current conclusions are synonymous with our original paper. The ongoing debate, instigated by the controversies surrounding STN parcellation, raises important implications for the assumptions and methodologies employed in mapping functional brain anatomy, both in vivo and ex vivo, and reveals a fundamental emergent problem with the current techniques. These issues are reviewed, and potential strategies that could be developed to manage them in the future are discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lambert
- Clinical Neuroscience, St George's University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS Lab), University Hospital Zürich, P.O. Box 146, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Antoine Lutti
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Ashburner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Richard Frackowiak
- LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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123
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Carcenac C, Favier M, Vachez Y, Lacombe E, Carnicella S, Savasta M, Boulet S. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation differently alters striatal dopaminergic receptor levels in rats. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Carcenac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
| | - Mathieu Favier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
| | - Yvan Vachez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
| | - Emilie Lacombe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
| | - Sébastien Carnicella
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
| | - Marc Savasta
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences; Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Ganglions de la Base Grenoble France
- Grenoble University; Grenoble France
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124
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Kocabicak E, Temel Y, Höllig A, Falkenburger B, Tan SK. Current perspectives on deep brain stimulation for severe neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1051-66. [PMID: 25914538 PMCID: PMC4399519 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s46583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a well-accepted therapy to treat movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Long-term follow-up studies have demonstrated sustained improvement in motor symptoms and quality of life. DBS offers the opportunity to selectively modulate the targeted brain regions and related networks. Moreover, stimulation can be adjusted according to individual patients' demands, and stimulation is reversible. This has led to the introduction of DBS as a treatment for further neurological and psychiatric disorders and many clinical studies investigating the efficacy of stimulating various brain regions in order to alleviate severe neurological or psychiatric disorders including epilepsy, major depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this review, we provide an overview of accepted and experimental indications for DBS therapy and the corresponding anatomical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersoy Kocabicak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sonny Kh Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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125
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Yoon JH, Larson P, Grandelis A, La C, Cui E, Carter CS, Minzenberg MJ. Delay Period Activity of the Substantia Nigra during Proactive Control of Response Selection as Determined by a Novel fMRI Localization Method. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 27:1238-48. [PMID: 25514657 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability to proactively control motor responses, particularly to overcome overlearned or automatic actions, is an essential prerequisite for adaptive, goal-oriented behavior. The substantia nigra (SN), an element of the BG, has figured prominently in current models of response selection. However, because of its small size and proximity to functionally distinct subcortical structures, it has been challenging to test the SN's involvement in response selection using conventional in vivo functional neuroimaging approaches. We developed a new fMRI localization method for directly distinguishing, on echo-planar images, the SN BOLD signal from that of neighboring structures, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Using this method, we tested the hypothesis that the SN supports the proactive control of response selection. We acquired high-resolution EPI volumes at 3 T from 16 healthy participants while they completed the Preparing to Overcome Prepotency task of proactive control. There was significantly elevated delay period signal selectively during high- compared with low-control trials in the SN. The STN did not show delay period activity in either condition. SN delay period signal was significantly inversely associated with task performance RTs across participants. These results suggest that our method offers a novel means for measuring SN BOLD responses, provides unique evidence of SN involvement in cognitive control in humans, and suggests a novel mechanism for proactive response selection.
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126
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Lim LW, Janssen MLF, Kocabicak E, Temel Y. The antidepressant effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation is associated with neural activation in the medial part of the subthalamic nucleus. Behav Brain Res 2014; 279:17-21. [PMID: 25446757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and cingulate gyrus (Cg) are key regions in the control of mood-related behaviors. Electrical stimulation of these areas induces antidepressant-like effects in both patients and animal models. Another structure whose limbic connections are receiving more interest in the context of mood-related behaviors is the medial part of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the mood-related effects of NAc, vmPFC, and Cg are accompanied by changes in the neural activity of the STN. We performed high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the NAc, vmPFC, and Cg. Animals were behaviorally tested for hedonia and forced swim immobility; and the cellular activities in the different parts of the STN were assessed by means of c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir). Our results showed that HFS of the NAc and vmPFC, but not Cg reduced anhedonic-like and forced swim immobility behaviors. Interestingly, there was a significant increase of c-Fos-ir in the medial STN with HFS of the vmPFC, but not the NAc and Cg as compared to the sham. Correlation analysis showed that the medial STN is associated with the antidepressant-like behaviors in vmPFC HFS animals. No behavioral correlation was found with respect to behavioral outcome and activity in the lateral STN. In conclusion, HFS of the vmPFC induced profound antidepressant-like effects with enhanced neural activity in the medial part of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Wei Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Marcus L F Janssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ersoy Kocabicak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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127
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Plantinga BR, Temel Y, Roebroeck A, Uludağ K, Ivanov D, Kuijf ML, Ter Haar Romenij BM. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging of the basal ganglia and related structures. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:876. [PMID: 25414656 PMCID: PMC4220687 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a treatment for Parkinson's disease and other related disorders, involving the surgical placement of electrodes in the deeply situated basal ganglia or thalamic structures. Good clinical outcome requires accurate targeting. However, due to limited visibility of the target structures on routine clinical MR images, direct targeting of structures can be challenging. Non-clinical MR scanners with ultra-high magnetic field (7T or higher) have the potential to improve the quality of these images. This technology report provides an overview of the current possibilities of visualizing deep brain stimulation targets and their related structures with the aid of ultra-high field MRI. Reviewed studies showed improved resolution, contrast- and signal-to-noise ratios at ultra-high field. Sequences sensitive to magnetic susceptibility such as T2* and susceptibility weighted imaging and their maps in general showed the best visualization of target structures, including a separation between the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra, the lamina pallidi medialis and lamina pallidi incompleta within the globus pallidus and substructures of the thalamus, including the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim). This shows that the visibility, identification, and even subdivision of the small deep brain stimulation targets benefit from increased field strength. Although ultra-high field MR imaging is associated with increased risk of geometrical distortions, it has been shown that these distortions can be avoided or corrected to the extent where the effects are limited. The availability of ultra-high field MR scanners for humans seems to provide opportunities for a more accurate targeting for deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit R Plantinga
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands ; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart M Ter Haar Romenij
- Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands ; Department of Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
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128
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Houshmand L, Cummings KS, Chou KL, Patil PG. Evaluating indirect subthalamic nucleus targeting with validated 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2014; 92:337-45. [PMID: 25358805 DOI: 10.1159/000366286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Indirect targeting of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is commonly utilized at deep brain stimulation (DBS) centers around the world. The superiority of either midcommissural point (MCP)-based or red nucleus (RN)-based indirect targeting remains to be established. METHODS The location of the STN was determined and statistically compared to MCP- and RN-based predictions in 58 STN DBS patients, using a validated 3-tesla MRI protocol. The influence of additional neuroanatomical parameters on STN midpoint location was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was utilized to produce an optimized MCP/RN targeting model. Targeting coordinates at 1.5 T were compared to results at 3 T. RESULTS Accuracy and precision for RN-based targeting was superior to MCP-based targeting to predict STN midpoint location for each coordinate dimension (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). RN-based targeting was statistically equivalent to an optimized regression-based targeting strategy incorporating multiple neuroanatomical parameters, including third-ventricle width and overall brain size. RN-based targeting at 1.5 T yielded equivalent coordinates to targeting at 3 T. CONCLUSIONS RN-based targeting is statistically superior to MCP-based STN targeting and accommodates broad variations in neuroanatomical parameters. Neurosurgeons utilizing indirect targeting of the STN may consider favoring RN-based over MCP-based indirect targeting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Houshmand
- Surgical Therapies Improving Movement Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA
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129
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Jahanshahi M, Obeso I, Baunez C, Alegre M, Krack P. Parkinson's Disease, the Subthalamic Nucleus, Inhibition, and Impulsivity. Mov Disord 2014; 30:128-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jahanshahi
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group and Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- CINAC, HM-Puerta del Sur, Hospitales de Madrid; CEU-San Pablo University, Móstoles; Madrid Spain
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Basal Ganglia, Motivation and Reward' (BAGAMORE), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289 CNRS and AMU (Aix Marseille Universite); Marseille France
| | - Manuel Alegre
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Paul Krack
- INSERM U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, GIN, Grenoble, France, and CHU de Grenoble, Movement Disorder Unit; Grenoble France
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130
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de Hollander G, Keuken MC, Bazin P, Weiss M, Neumann J, Reimann K, Wähnert M, Turner R, Forstmann BU, Schäfer A. A gradual increase of iron toward the medial-inferior tip of the subthalamic nucleus. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4440-9. [PMID: 24596026 PMCID: PMC6869470 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an important node of the cortico-basal ganglia network and the main target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease. Histological studies have revealed an inhomogeneous iron distribution within the STN, which has been related to putative subdivisions within this nucleus. Here, we investigate the iron distribution in more detail using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast mechanism. QSM allows for detailed assessment of iron content in both in vivo and postmortem tissue. Twelve human participants and 7 postmortem brain samples containing the STN were scanned using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (T) MRI. Iron concentrations were found to be higher in the medial-inferior tip of the STN. Using quantitative methods we show that the increase of iron concentration towards the medial-inferior tip is of a gradual rather than a discrete nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max C. Keuken
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Brain CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Pierre‐Louis Bazin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Marcel Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Jane Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity DiseasesLeipzigGermany
| | - Katja Reimann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Miriam Wähnert
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Robert Turner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Andreas Schäfer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
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131
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Eisenstein SA, Koller JM, Black KD, Campbell MC, Lugar HM, Ushe M, Tabbal SD, Karimi M, Hershey T, Perlmutter JS, Black KJ. Functional anatomy of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:279-95. [PMID: 24953991 PMCID: PMC4172323 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed a novel method to map behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) across a 3-dimensional brain region and to assign statistical significance after stringent type I error correction. This method was applied to behavioral changes in Parkinson disease (PD) induced by subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS to determine whether these responses depended on anatomical location of DBS. METHODS Fifty-one PD participants with STN DBS were evaluated off medication, with DBS off and during unilateral STN DBS with clinically optimized settings. Dependent variables included DBS-induced changes in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores, kinematic measures of bradykinesia and rigidity, working memory, response inhibition, mood, anxiety, and akathisia. Weighted t tests at each voxel produced p images showing where DBS most significantly affected each dependent variable based on outcomes of participants with nearby DBS. Finally, a permutation test computed the probability that this p image indicated significantly different responses based on stimulation site. RESULTS Most motor variables improved with DBS anywhere in the STN region, but several motor, cognitive, and affective responses significantly depended on precise location stimulated, with peak p values in superior STN/zona incerta (quantified bradykinesia), dorsal STN (mood, anxiety), and inferior STN/substantia nigra (UPDRS tremor, working memory). INTERPRETATION Our method identified DBS-induced behavioral changes that depended significantly on DBS site. These results do not support complete functional segregation within STN, because movement improved with DBS throughout, and mood improved with dorsal STN DBS. Rather, findings support functional convergence of motor, cognitive, and limbic information in STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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132
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Mathys C, Hoffstaedter F, Caspers J, Caspers S, Südmeyer M, Grefkes C, Eickhoff SB, Langner R. An age-related shift of resting-state functional connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus: a potential mechanism for compensating motor performance decline in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:178. [PMID: 25100995 PMCID: PMC4107677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with decline in basic motor functioning and higher motor control. Here, we investigated age-related differences in the brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) pattern of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which plays an important role in motor response control. As earlier studies revealed functional coupling between STN and basal ganglia, which both are known to influence the conservativeness of motor responses on a superordinate level, we tested the hypothesis that STN FC with the striatum becomes dysbalanced with age. To this end, we performed a seed-based resting-state analysis of fMRI data from 361 healthy adults (mean age: 41.8, age range: 18-85) using bilateral STN as the seed region of interest. Age was included as a covariate to identify regions showing age-related changes of FC with the STN seed. The analysis revealed positive FC of the STN with several previously described subcortical and cortical regions like the anterior cingulate and sensorimotor cortex, as well as not-yet reported regions including central and posterior insula. With increasing age, we observed reduced positive FC with caudate nucleus, thalamus, and insula as well as increased positive FC with sensorimotor cortex and putamen. Furthermore, an age-related reduction of negative FC was found with precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. We suggest that this reduced de-coupling of brain areas involved in self-relevant but motor-unrelated cognitive processing (i.e. precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex) from the STN motor network may represent a potential mechanism behind the age-dependent decline in motor performance. At the same time, older adults appear to compensate for this decline by releasing superordinate motor control areas, in particular caudate nucleus and insula, from STN interference while increasing STN-mediated response control over lower level motor areas like sensorimotor cortex and putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mathys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany ; Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany ; Neuromodulation and Neurorehabilitation Group, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research Cologne, Germany ; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Jülich Jülich, Germany
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Manganese-induced atypical parkinsonism is associated with altered Basal Ganglia activity and changes in tissue levels of monoamines in the rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98952. [PMID: 24896650 PMCID: PMC4045849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity is associated with motor and cognitive disturbances known as Manganism. However, the mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unknown. Here we investigated the effects of manganese intoxication on motor and non-motor parkinsonian-like deficits such as locomotor activity, motor coordination, anxiety and “depressive-like” behaviors. Then, we studied the impact of this intoxication on the neuronal activity, the globus pallidus (GP) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). At the end of experiments, post-mortem tissue level of the three monoamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) has been determined. The experiments were carried out in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, daily treated with MnCl2 (10 mg/kg/, i.p.) for 5 weeks. We show that manganese progressively reduced locomotor activity as well as motor coordination in parallel with the manifestation of anxiety and “depressive-like” behaviors. Electrophysiological results show that, while majority of GP and STN neurons discharged regularly in controls, manganese increased the number of GP and STN neurons discharging irregularly and/or with bursts. Biochemical results show that manganese significantly decreased tissue levels of norepinephrine and serotonin with increased metabolism of dopamine in the striatum. Our data provide evidence that manganese intoxication is associated with impaired neurotransmission of monoaminergic systems, which is at the origin of changes in basal ganglia neuronal activity and the manifestation of motor and non-motor deficits similar to those observed in atypical Parkinsonism.
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134
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Bočková M, Chládek J, Jurák P, Halámek J, Štillová K, Baláž M, Chrastina J, Rektor I. Complex Motor–Cognitive Factors Processed in the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus: An Intracerebral Recording Study. Brain Topogr 2014; 28:269-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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135
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Mismatch negativity-like potential (MMN-like) in the subthalamic nuclei in Parkinson's disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:1507-22. [PMID: 24809684 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An infrequent change to an otherwise repetitive sequence of stimuli leads to the generation of mismatch negativity (MMN), even in the absence of attention. This evoked negative response occurs in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over the temporal and frontal cortices, 100-250 ms after onset of the deviant stimulus. The MMN is used to detect sensory information processing. The aim of our study was to investigate whether MMN can be recorded in the subthalamic nuclei (STN) as evidence of auditory information processing on an unconscious level within this structure. To our knowledge, MMN has never been recorded in the human STN. We recorded intracerebral EEG using a MMN paradigm in five patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were implanted with depth electrodes in the subthalamic nuclei (STN). We found far-field MMN when intracerebral contacts were connected to an extracranial reference electrode. In all five PD patients (and nine of ten intracerebral electrodes), we also found near-field MMN-like potentials when intracerebral contacts were referenced to one another, and in some electrodes, we observed phase reversals in these potentials. The mean time-to-peak latency of the intracerebral MMN-like potentials was 214 ± 38 ms (median 219 ms). We reveal MMN-like potentials in bilateral STN. This finding provides evidence that STN receives sensory (auditory) information from other structures. The question for further research is whether STN receives such signals through a previously described hyperdirect pathway between STN and frontal cortex (a known generator of the MMN potential) and if the STN contributes to sensorimotor integration.
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136
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Accolla EA, Dukart J, Helms G, Weiskopf N, Kherif F, Lutti A, Chowdhury R, Hetzer S, Haynes JD, Kühn AA, Draganski B. Brain tissue properties differentiate between motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5083-92. [PMID: 24777915 PMCID: PMC4282398 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding basic organizational principles of the human basal ganglia, accurate in vivo assessment of their anatomical properties is essential to improve early diagnosis in disorders with corticosubcortical pathology and optimize target planning in deep brain stimulation. Main goal of this study was the detailed topological characterization of limbic, associative, and motor subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in relation to corresponding corticosubcortical circuits. To this aim, we used magnetic resonance imaging and investigated independently anatomical connectivity via white matter tracts next to brain tissue properties. On the basis of probabilistic diffusion tractography we identified STN subregions with predominantly motor, associative, and limbic connectivity. We then computed for each of the nonoverlapping STN subregions the covariance between local brain tissue properties and the rest of the brain using high‐resolution maps of magnetization transfer (MT) saturation and longitudinal (R1) and transverse relaxation rate (R2*). The demonstrated spatial distribution pattern of covariance between brain tissue properties linked to myelin (R1 and MT) and iron (R2*) content clearly segregates between motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits. We interpret the demonstrated covariance pattern as evidence for shared tissue properties within a functional circuit, which is closely linked to its function. Our findings open new possibilities for investigation of changes in the established covariance pattern aiming at accurate diagnosis of basal ganglia disorders and prediction of treatment outcome. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5083–5092, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore A Accolla
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; LREN, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHUV, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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137
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Weiss M, Alkemade A, Keuken MC, Műller-Axt C, Geyer S, Turner R, Forstmann BU. Spatial normalization of ultrahigh resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging data of the postmortem human subthalamic nucleus: a multistage approach. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1695-703. [PMID: 24663802 PMCID: PMC4409638 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a novel processing strategy for the spatial normalization of ultrahigh resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of small ex vivo samples into MNI standard space. We present a multistage scanning and registration method for data of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) obtained using ultrahigh 7 T MRI on four human postmortem brain samples. Four whole brains were obtained and subjected to multistage MRI scanning, corresponding to four different brain dissection stages. Data sets were acquired with an isotropic resolution of 100 μm enabling accurate manual segmentation of the STN. Spatial normalization to MNI reference space was performed, probability maps were calculated, and results were cross-checked with an independent in vivo dataset showing significant overlay. Normalization of results obtained from small tissue samples into MNI standard space will facilitate comparison between individual subjects, as well as between studies. When combining ultrahigh resolution MRI of ex vivo samples with histological studies via blockface imaging, our method enables further insight and inference as multimodal data can be compared within the same reference space. This novel technique may be of value for research purposes using functional MRI techniques, and in the future may be of assistance for anatomical orientation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Weiss
- />Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anneke Alkemade
- />Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max C. Keuken
- />Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christa Műller-Axt
- />Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geyer
- />Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Turner
- />Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birte U. Forstmann
- />Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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138
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Alkemade A, Forstmann BU. Do we need to revise the tripartite subdivision hypothesis of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN)? Neuroimage 2014; 95:326-9. [PMID: 24642281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The exciting development of ultra-high resolution 7Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made it possible to clearly visualize and delineate the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Ultra-high resolution MRI provides a first step in the ongoing improvement of imaging techniques rendering it likely that in the near future specific subareas of small brain nuclei such as the STN can be visualized. These developments can contribute to improve clinical imaging, allowing even more accurate targeting of the STN. This is interesting in view of putative limbic, associative, and sensomotoric subdivisions within the STN. The concept of anatomically distinct subdivisions is attractive, both from an anatomical as well as a clinical perspective. However, we argue that the current leading hypothesis of three STN subdivisions is based on low numbers of clinical observations and primate tracing studies. 7T imaging provides us with markers that could potentially help us to distinguish subdivisions, but our preliminary findings do not indicate the existence of subdivisions. In our opinion additional research is needed. As a consequence the tripartite hypothesis should therefore still be a topic of debate. In view of the possible clinical implications, we would like to raise the question whether anatomical evidence on the topological organization within the STN points towards delineated subdivisions, or an organization without strict anatomical boundaries or septa. The latter would require a revision of the current tripartite hypothesis of the human STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Alkemade
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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139
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Huebl J, Spitzer B, Brücke C, Schönecker T, Kupsch A, Alesch F, Schneider GH, Kühn AA. Oscillatory subthalamic nucleus activity is modulated by dopamine during emotional processing in Parkinson's disease. Cortex 2014; 60:69-81. [PMID: 24713195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic denervation in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to motor deficits but also depression, lack of motivation and apathy. These symptoms can be reversed by dopaminergic treatment, which may even lead to an increased hedonic tone in some patients with PD. Here, we tested the effects of dopamine on emotional processing as indexed by changes in local field potential (LFP) activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 28 PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation. LFP activity from the STN was recorded after the administration of levodopa (ON group) or after overnight withdrawal of medication (OFF group) during presentation of an emotional picture-viewing task. Neutral and emotionally arousing pleasant and unpleasant stimuli were chosen from the International Affective Picture System. We found a double dissociation of the alpha band response depending on dopamine state and stimulus valence: dopamine enhanced the processing of pleasant stimuli, while activation during unpleasant stimuli was reduced, as indexed by the degree of desynchronization in the alpha frequency band. This pattern was reversed in the OFF state and more pronounced in the subgroup of non-depressed PD patients. Further, we found an early gamma band increase with unpleasant stimuli that occurred when ON but not OFF medication and was correlated with stimulus arousal. The late STN alpha band decrease is thought to represent active processing of sensory information. Our findings support the idea that dopamine enhances approach-related processes during late stimulus evaluation in PD. The early gamma band response may represent local encoding of increased attention, which varies as a function of stimulus arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Huebl
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spitzer
- Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Brücke
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schönecker
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kupsch
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - François Alesch
- Neurosurgical Department of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd-Helge Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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140
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Sverrisdóttir YB, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Bahuri NFA, Hyam J, Basnayake SD, Paterson DJ. Differentiated baroreflex modulation of sympathetic nerve activity during deep brain stimulation in humans. Hypertension 2014; 63:1000-10. [PMID: 24516109 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted electric deep brain stimulation in midbrain nuclei in humans alters cardiovascular parameters, presumably by modulating autonomic and baroreflex function. Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic outflow is crucial for cardiovascular regulation and is hypothesized to occur at 2 distinct brain locations. The aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic outflow in humans with deep brain stimulating electrodes during ON and OFF stimulation of specific midbrain nuclei known to regulate cardiovascular function. Multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded in 17 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain (n=7) and Parkinson disease (n=10). Sympathetic outflow was recorded during ON and OFF stimulation. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency were monitored during the recording session, and spontaneous vasomotor and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity were assessed. Head-up tilt testing was performed separately in the patients with Parkinson disease postoperatively. Stimulation of the dorsal most part of the subthalamic nucleus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray resulted in improved vasomotor baroreflex sensitivity, decreased burst frequency and blood pressure, unchanged burst amplitude distribution, and a reduced fall in blood pressure after tilt. Stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray resulted in a shift in burst amplitude distribution toward larger amplitudes, decreased spontaneous beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, and unchanged burst frequency, baroreflex sensitivity, and blood pressure. Our results indicate that a differentiated regulation of sympathetic outflow occurs in the subthalamic nucleus and periaqueductal gray. These results may have implications in our understanding of abnormal sympathetic discharge in cardiovascular disease and provide an opportunity for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrsa B Sverrisdóttir
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Bldg, Parks Rd, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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141
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Albaugh DL, Shih YYI. Neural circuit modulation during deep brain stimulation at the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease: what have we learned from neuroimaging studies? Brain Connect 2014; 4:1-14. [PMID: 24147633 PMCID: PMC5349222 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2013.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) represents a powerful clinical tool for the alleviation of many motor symptoms that are associated with Parkinson's disease. Despite its extensive use, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of STN-DBS remain poorly understood. In the present review, we integrate and discuss recent literature examining the network effects of STN-DBS for Parkinson's disease, placing emphasis on neuroimaging findings, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. These techniques enable the noninvasive detection of brain regions that are modulated by DBS on a whole-brain scale, representing a key experimental strength given the diffuse and far-reaching effects of electrical field stimulation. By examining these data in the context of multiple hypotheses of DBS action, generally developed through clinical and physiological observations, we define a multitude of consistencies and inconsistencies in the developing literature of this rapidly moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Albaugh
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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142
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Moro E, Lang AE. Criteria for deep-brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: review and analysis. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 6:1695-705. [PMID: 17144783 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.6.11.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deep-brain stimulation is currently the most effective surgical treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. The relevant targets to date are the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus internus, although the thalamus (ventralis intermedius nucleus) is preferred in tremor-dominant, aged Parkinson's disease patients. Long-term benefit in cardinal parkinsonian signs, motor fluctuations and dyskinesia has been reported in 5-year follow-up studies of subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation. However, some psychiatric consequences have raised important issues and emphasized the need for an experienced deep-brain stimulation surgical team. This team should be multidisciplinary and involve movement disorder neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists and psychiatrists. The recent observation that deep-brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus improves axial signs, possibly even in those less responsive to levodopa, brings new hope to the management of advanced Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moro
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Movement Disorders Center, 399 Bathurst Street, McL7 402, Canada.
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143
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Marceglia S, Fumagalli M, Priori A. What neurophysiological recordings tell us about cognitive and behavioral functions of the human subthalamic nucleus. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:139-49. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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144
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AlDakheel A, Kalia LV, Lang AE. Pathogenesis-targeted, disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson disease. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:6-23. [PMID: 24085420 PMCID: PMC3899477 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is an inexorably progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Multiple attempts have been made to establish therapies for Parkinson disease which provide neuroprotection or disease modification-two related, but not identical, concepts. However, to date, none of these attempts have succeeded. Many challenges exist in this field of research, including a complex multisystem disorder that includes dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic features; poorly understood and clearly multifaceted disease pathogenic mechanisms; a lack of reliable animal models; an absence of effective biomarkers of disease state, progression, and target engagement; and the confounding effects of potent symptomatic therapy. In this article, we will review previous, ongoing, and potential future trials designed to alter the progressive course of the disease from the perspective of the targeted underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal AlDakheel
- />Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lorraine V. Kalia
- />Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- />Movement Disorders Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 7 McLaughlin Wing, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON Canada
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145
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Manes JL, Parkinson AL, Larson CR, Greenlee JD, Eickhoff SB, Corcos DM, Robin DA. Connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus pars interna to regions within the speech network: a meta-analytic connectivity study. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:3499-516. [PMID: 25050431 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-basal ganglia connections are involved in a range of behaviors within motor, cognitive, and emotional domains; however, the whole-brain functional connections of individual nuclei are poorly understood in humans. The first aim of this study was to characterize and compare the connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) using meta-analytic connectivity modeling. Structure-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed for STN and GPi seeds using archived functional imaging coordinates from the BrainMap database. Both regions coactivated with caudate, putamen, thalamus, STN, GPi, and GPe, SMA, IFG, and insula. Contrast analyses also revealed coactivation differences within SMA, IFG, insula, and premotor cortex. The second aim of this study was to examine the degree of overlap between the connectivity maps derived for STN and GPi and a functional activation map representing the speech network. To do this, we examined the intersection of coactivation maps and their respective contrasts (STN > GPi and GPi > STN) with a coordinate-based meta-analysis of speech function. In conjunction with the speech map, both STN and GPi coactivation maps revealed overlap in the anterior insula with GPi map additionally showing overlap in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Among cortical regions activated by speech tasks, STN was found to have stronger connectivity than GPi with regions involved in cognitive linguistic processes (pre-SMA, dorsal anterior insula, and inferior frontal gyrus), while GPi demonstrated stronger connectivity to regions involved in motor speech processes (middle insula, SMA, and premotor cortex).
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146
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Camacho-Abrego I, Tellez-Merlo G, Melo AI, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Garcés L, De La Cruz F, Zamudio S, Flores G. Rearrangement of the dendritic morphology of the neurons from prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after subthalamic lesion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Synapse 2013; 68:114-26. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Camacho-Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; CP: 72570, Puebla Puebla México
- Departamento de Fisiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México D. F. México
| | - Gullermina Tellez-Merlo
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; CP: 72570, Puebla Puebla México
| | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal; CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
| | | | - Linda Garcés
- Departamento de Fisiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México D. F. México
| | - Fidel De La Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México D. F. México
| | - Sergio Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México D. F. México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; CP: 72570, Puebla Puebla México
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147
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Intact lexicon running slowly--prolonged response latencies in patients with subthalamic DBS and verbal fluency deficits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79247. [PMID: 24236114 PMCID: PMC3827350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Verbal Fluency is reduced in patients with Parkinson’s disease, particularly if treated with deep brain stimulation. This deficit could arise from general factors, such as reduced working speed or from dysfunctions in specific lexical domains. Objective To test whether DBS-associated Verbal Fluency deficits are accompanied by changed dynamics of word processing. Methods 21 Parkinson’s disease patients with and 26 without deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus as well as 19 healthy controls participated in the study. They engaged in Verbal Fluency and (primed) Lexical Decision Tasks, testing phonemic and semantic word production and processing time. Most patients performed the experiments twice, ON and OFF stimulation or, respectively, dopaminergic drugs. Results Patients generally produced abnormally few words in the Verbal Fluency Task. This deficit was more severe in patients with deep brain stimulation who additionally showed prolonged response latencies in the Lexical Decision Task. Slowing was independent of semantic and phonemic word priming. No significant changes of performance accuracy were obtained. The results were independent from the treatment ON or OFF conditions. Conclusion Low word production in patients with deep brain stimulation was accompanied by prolonged latencies for lexical decisions. No indication was found that the latter slowing was due to specific lexical dysfunctions, so that it probably reflects a general reduction of cognitive working speed, also evident on the level of Verbal Fluency. The described abnormalities seem to reflect subtle sequelae of the surgical procedure for deep brain stimulation rather than of the proper neurostimulation.
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148
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Hebb AO, Zhang JJ, Mahoor MH, Tsiokos C, Matlack C, Chizeck HJ, Pouratian N. Creating the feedback loop: closed-loop neurostimulation. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2013; 25:187-204. [PMID: 24262909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Current DBS therapy delivers a train of electrical pulses at set stimulation parameters. This open-loop design is effective for movement disorders, but therapy may be further optimized by a closed loop design. The technology to record biosignals has outpaced our understanding of their relationship to the clinical state of the whole person. Neuronal oscillations may represent or facilitate the cooperative functioning of brain ensembles, and may provide critical information to customize neuromodulation therapy. This review addresses advances to date, not of the technology per se, but of the strategies to apply neuronal signals to trigger or modulate stimulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Hebb
- Colorado Neurological Institute, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Denver, 499 E Hampden Ave Ste, 220 Englewood, CO 80113, USA.
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STN-DBS does not change emotion recognition in advanced Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013; 20:166-9. [PMID: 24182523 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei (STN-DBS) for the treatment of levodopa-induced motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that a postoperative decline in visual emotion recognition is responsible for those adverse events, although there is also evidence that emotional processing deficits can be present before surgery. The aim of the present study is to compare the ability to recognize emotions before and one year after surgery in APD. METHODS Consecutively operated APD patients were tested pre-operatively and one year after STN-DBS by the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS), which evaluates visual recognition of 7 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust and neutral) on facial expressions and 4 emotions on prosody (happiness, sadness, anger and fear). RESULTS In a sample of 30 patients 6 had depression or apathy at baseline that significantly increased to 14 post-surgery. There were no significant changes in the tests of identity discrimination, discrimination of emotional faces, naming of emotional faces, recognition of emotional prosody, and naming of emotional prosody after STN-DBS. The results of emotion tests could not predict the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. DISCUSSION This study does not support the hypothesis of an acquired change in emotion recognition, either in faces or in prosody, after STN-DBS in APD patients. Neuropsychiatric symptoms appearing after STN-DBS should not be attributed to new deficits in emotional recognition.
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150
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Bari A, Robbins TW. Inhibition and impulsivity: Behavioral and neural basis of response control. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 108:44-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1193] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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