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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and colorectal cancer: a troublesome twosome for the anti-tumour immune response? Oncotarget 2018; 7:60752-60774. [PMID: 27542276 PMCID: PMC5312417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in determining the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and can aid tumours by both establishing an immunosuppressive milieu, allowing the tumour avoid immune clearance, and by hampering the efficacy of various therapeutic regimens. The tumour microenvironment is composed of many cell types including tumour, stromal, endothelial and immune cell populations. It is widely accepted that cells present in the TME acquire distinct functional phenotypes that promote tumorigenesis. One such cell type is the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC). Evidence suggests that MSCs exert effects in the colorectal tumour microenvironment including the promotion of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. MSCs immunomodulatory capacity may represent another largely unexplored central feature of MSCs tumour promoting capacity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that MSCs and their secreted factors can influence the innate and adaptive immune responses. MSC-immune cell interactions can skew the proliferation and functional activity of T-cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, which could favour tumour growth and enable tumours to evade immune cell clearance. A better understanding of the interactions between the malignant cancer cell and stromal components of the TME is key to the development of more specific and efficacious therapies for colorectal cancer. Here, we review and explore MSC- mediated mechanisms of suppressing anti-tumour immune responses in the colon tumour microenvironment. Elucidation of the precise mechanism of immunomodulation exerted by tumour-educated MSCs is critical to inhibiting immunosuppression and immune evasion established by the TME, thus providing an opportunity for targeted and efficacious immunotherapy for colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.
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102
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Al-Akra L, Bae DH, Sahni S, Huang MLH, Park KC, Lane DJR, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. Tumor stressors induce two mechanisms of intracellular P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance that are overcome by lysosomal-targeted thiosemicarbazones. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3562-3587. [PMID: 29305422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer treatment due to the ability of tumor cells to efflux chemotherapeutics via drug transporters (e.g. P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1)). Although the mechanism of Pgp-mediated drug efflux is known at the plasma membrane, the functional role of intracellular Pgp is unclear. Moreover, there has been intense focus on the tumor micro-environment as a target for cancer treatment. This investigation aimed to dissect the effects of tumor micro-environmental stress on subcellular Pgp expression, localization, and its role in MDR. These studies demonstrated that tumor micro-environment stressors (i.e. nutrient starvation, low glucose levels, reactive oxygen species, and hypoxia) induce Pgp-mediated drug resistance. This occurred by two mechanisms, where stressors induced 1) rapid Pgp internalization and redistribution via intracellular trafficking (within 1 h) and 2) hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression after longer incubations (4-24 h), which up-regulated Pgp and was accompanied by lysosomal biogenesis. These two mechanisms increased lysosomal Pgp and facilitated lysosomal accumulation of the Pgp substrate, doxorubicin, resulting in resistance. This was consistent with lysosomal Pgp being capable of transporting substrates into lysosomes. Hence, tumor micro-environmental stressors result in: 1) Pgp redistribution to lysosomes; 2) increased Pgp expression; 3) lysosomal biogenesis; and 4) potentiation of Pgp substrate transport into lysosomes. In contrast to doxorubicin, when stress stimuli increased lysosomal accumulation of the cytotoxic Pgp substrate, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), this resulted in the agent overcoming resistance. Overall, this investigation describes a novel approach to overcoming resistance in the stressful tumor micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al-Akra
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael L H Huang
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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103
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Xiong H, Du S, Zhang P, Jiang Z, Zhou J, Yao J. Primary tumor and pre-metastatic niches co-targeting “peptides-lego” hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for metastatic breast cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2591-2604. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00706c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles orchestrating tumor metastasis resisting therapy (TMRT) and tumor metastasis targeting therapy (TMTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Shi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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104
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Turetta M, Del Ben F, Brisotto G, Biscontin E, Bulfoni M, Cesselli D, Colombatti A, Scoles G, Gigli G, del Mercato LL. Emerging Technologies for Cancer Research: Towards Personalized Medicine with Microfluidic Platforms and 3D Tumor Models. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:4616-4637. [PMID: 29874987 PMCID: PMC6302350 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180605122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, we describe three hot topics in cancer research such as circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and 3D environment models. The first section is dedicated to microfluidic platforms for detecting circulating tumor cells, including both affinity-based methods that take advantage of antibodies and aptamers, and "label-free" approaches, exploiting cancer cells physical features and, more recently, abnormal cancer metabolism. In the second section, we briefly describe the biology of exosomes and their role in cancer, as well as conventional techniques for their isolation and innovative microfluidic platforms. In the third section, the importance of tumor microenvironment is highlighted, along with techniques for modeling it in vitro. Finally, we discuss limitations of two-dimensional monolayer methods and describe advantages and disadvantages of different three-dimensional tumor systems for cell-cell interaction analysis and their potential applications in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loretta L. del Mercato
- Address correspondence to this author at the CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; E-mail:
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105
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Zemła J, Danilkiewicz J, Orzechowska B, Pabijan J, Seweryn S, Lekka M. Atomic force microscopy as a tool for assessing the cellular elasticity and adhesiveness to identify cancer cells and tissues. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 73:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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106
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Zhang X, Li X, You Q, Zhang X. Prodrug strategy for cancer cell-specific targeting: A recent overview. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:542-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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107
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Chandrasekaran S, Giang UBT, Xu L, DeLouise LA. In vitro assays for determining the metastatic potential of melanoma cell lines with characterized in vivo invasiveness. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:89. [PMID: 27620628 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic potential of cancer cells is an elusive property that is indicative of the later stages of cancer progression. The ability to distinguish between poorly and highly metastatic cells is invaluable for understanding the basic biology of cancer and to develop more treatments. In this paper, we exploit a A375 melanoma cell line series (A375P, A375MA1, A375MA2) that vary in metastatic potential, to demonstrate an in vitro screening assay using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microbubble well arrays that can distinguish these cell lines by their growth characteristics in including morphology, migratory potential, and clonogenic potential. These cell lines cannot be distinguished by their growth characteristics when cultured on standard tissue culture plastic or planar PDMS. Results show that the more metastatic cell lines (A375MA1, A375MA2) have a higher proliferative potential and a distinctive radial spreading growth pattern out of the microbubble well. The A375MA2 cell line also has a higher tendency to form multicellular spheroids. The ability to successfully correlate the metastatic potential of cancer cells with their growth characteristics is essential first step toward developing a high-throughput screening assay to identify aggressive tumor cells in primary samples. The capability to culture and recover aggressive cells from microbubble wells will enable identification of candidate metastatic biomarkers which has immense clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ut-Binh T Giang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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108
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Dannenfelser R, Nome M, Tahiri A, Ursini-Siegel J, Vollan HKM, Haakensen VD, Helland Å, Naume B, Caldas C, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Troyanskaya OG. Data-driven analysis of immune infiltrate in a large cohort of breast cancer and its association with disease progression, ER activity, and genomic complexity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57121-57133. [PMID: 28915659 PMCID: PMC5593630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is now widely recognized for its role in tumor progression, treatment response, and clinical outcome. The intratumoral immunological landscape, in particular, has been shown to exert both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. Identifying immunologically active or silent tumors may be an important indication for administration of therapy, and detecting early infiltration patterns may uncover factors that contribute to early risk. Thus far, direct detailed studies of the cell composition of tumor infiltration have been limited; with some studies giving approximate quantifications using immunohistochemistry and other small studies obtaining detailed measurements by isolating cells from excised tumors and sorting them using flow cytometry. Herein we utilize a machine learning based approach to identify lymphocyte markers with which we can quantify the presence of B cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, T-helper 1, and T-helper 2 cells in any gene expression data set and apply it to studies of breast tissue. By leveraging over 2,100 samples from existing large scale studies, we are able to find an inherent cell heterogeneity in clinically characterized immune infiltrates, a strong link between estrogen receptor activity and infiltration in normal and tumor tissues, changes with genomic complexity, and identify characteristic differences in lymphocyte expression among molecular groupings. With our extendable methodology for capturing cell type specific signal we systematically studied immune infiltration in breast cancer, finding an inverse correlation between beneficial lymphocyte infiltration and estrogen receptor activity in normal breast tissue and reduced infiltration in estrogen receptor negative tumors with high genomic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dannenfelser
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marianne Nome
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
| | - Andliena Tahiri
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hans Kristian Moen Vollan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vilde D. Haakensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Oncology, Division for Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Division for Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
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109
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Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Gastric Carcinoma: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Recent Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5791262. [PMID: 28781967 PMCID: PMC5525095 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5791262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the 2nd most common cause of cancer-related death. Despite advances in conventional treatment and surgical interventions, a high percentage of GC patients still have poor survival. Recently, immunotherapy has become a promising approach to treat GC. Here, we present preclinical and clinical studies encouraging the use of vaccination, adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT), and immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). The ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials have shown promising results in safety and tolerability even in late-stage GC patients. Moreover, we highlight that the combination of ACT with chemotherapy could be the best choice to treat GC.
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110
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Antonioli L, Novitskiy SV, Sachsenmeier KF, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Haskó G. Switching off CD73: a way to boost the activity of conventional and targeted antineoplastic therapies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1686-1696. [PMID: 28676406 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, several preclinical studies have highlighted the value of CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Indeed, the pharmacological blockade of CD73, via monoclonal antibodies or small molecules, has promise in counteracting cancer development, growth and spread. Synergistic combinations of anti-CD73 drugs with conventional cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy) have increased therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the potential synergistic effects of CD73 blockers and conventional antineoplastic therapies in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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111
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Wang M, Wu C, Guo Y, Cao X, Zheng W, Fan GK. The primary growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro is effectively supported by paired cancer-associated fibroblasts alone. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705512. [PMID: 28475003 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most primarily cultured laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells are difficult to propagate in vitro and have a low survival rate. However, in our previous work to establish a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, we found that laryngeal cancer-associated fibroblasts appeared to strongly inhibit the apoptosis of primarily cultured laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether paired laryngeal cancer-associated fibroblasts alone can effectively support the growth of primarily cultured laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. In all, 29 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma specimens were collected and primarily cultured. The laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells were separated from cancer-associated fibroblasts by differential trypsinization and continuously subcultured. Morphological changes of the cultured laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells were observed. Immunocytofluorescence was used to authenticate the identity of the cancer-associated fibroblasts and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the proportion of apoptotic cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of caspase-3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 1 in the supernatants of the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and control cells. AMD3100 (a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 antagonist) and an anti-chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 antibody were used to block the tumor-supporting capacity of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Significant apoptotic changes were detected in the morphology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells detached from cancer-associated fibroblasts. The percentage of apoptotic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells and the protein levels of caspase-3 increased gradually in subsequent subcultures. In contrast, no significant differences in the proliferation capacity of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells cocultured with cancer-associated fibroblasts were detected during subculturing. High level of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 was detected in the culture supernatant of cancer-associated fibroblasts. The tumor-supporting effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts was significantly inhibited by AMD3100. Our findings demonstrate that the paired laryngeal cancer-associated fibroblasts alone are sufficient to support the primary growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 axis is one of the major contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Wu
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Guo
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenwei Zheng
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guo-Kang Fan
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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112
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Cappuzzello E, Sommaggio R, Zanovello P, Rosato A. Cytokines for the induction of antitumor effectors: The paradigm of Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017. [PMID: 28629761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-Induced killer (CIK) cells are raising growing interest in cellular antitumor therapy, as they can be easily expanded with a straightforward and inexpensive protocol, and are safe requiring only GMP-grade cytokines to obtain very high amounts of cytotoxic cells. CIK cells do not need antigen-specific stimuli to be activated and proliferate, as they recognize and destroy tumor cells in an HLA-independent fashion through the engagement of NKG2D. In several preclinical studies and clinical trials, CIK cells showed a reduced alloreactivity compared to conventional T cells, even when challenged across HLA-barriers; only in a few patients, a mild GVHD occurred after treatment with allogeneic CIK cells. Additionally, their antitumor activity can be redirected and further improved with chimeric antigen receptors, clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors. The evidence obtained from a growing body of literature support CIK cells as a very promising cell population for adoptive immunotherapy. In this review, all these aspects will be addressed with a particular emphasis on the role of the cytokines involved in CIK cell generation, expansion and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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113
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Dai W, Wang X, Song G, Liu T, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Combination antitumor therapy with targeted dual-nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:23-45. [PMID: 28285944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy is one of the important treatment strategies for cancer at present. However, the outcome of current combination therapy based on the co-administration of conventional dosage forms is suboptimal, due to the short half-lives of chemodrugs, their deficient tumor selectivity and so forth. Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery systems show great promise in addressing the associated problems and providing superior therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the combination of therapeutic strategies between different nanomedicines or drug-loaded nanocarriers, rather than the co-delivery of different drugs via a single nanocarrier. We introduce the general concept of various targeting strategies of nanomedicines, present the principles of combination antitumor therapy with dual-nanomedicines, analyze their advantages and limitations compared with co-delivery strategies, and overview the recent advances of combination therapy based on targeted nanomedicines. Finally, we reviewed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the selection of therapeutic agents, targeting efficiency and the gap between the preclinical and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
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114
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Subramani R, Nandy SB, Pedroza DA, Lakshmanaswamy R. Role of Growth Hormone in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1543-1555. [PMID: 28379395 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women. Approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers diagnosed are classified as hormone dependent, which indicates that hormones are the key factors that drive the growth of these breast cancers. Ovarian and pituitary hormones play a major role in the growth and development of normal mammary glands and breast cancer. In particular, the effect of the ovarian hormone estrogen has received much attention in regard to breast cancer. Pituitary hormones prolactin and growth hormone have also been associated with breast cancer. Although the role of these pituitary hormones in breast cancers has been studied, it has not been investigated extensively. In this review, we attempt to compile basic information from most of the currently available literature to understand and demonstrate the significance of growth hormone in breast cancer. Based on the available literature, it is clear that growth hormone plays a significant role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer by influencing tumor angiogenesis, stemness, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Sushmita B Nandy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
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115
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Three-dimensional co-culture microfluidic model and its application for research on cancer stem-like cells inducing migration of endothelial cells. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1425-1432. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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116
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Magnussen SN, Hadler-Olsen E, Costea DE, Berg E, Jacobsen CC, Mortensen B, Salo T, Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Winberg JO, Uhlin-Hansen L, Svineng G. Cleavage of the urokinase receptor (uPAR) on oral cancer cells: regulation by transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF-β1) and potential effects on migration and invasion. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:350. [PMID: 28526008 PMCID: PMC5438506 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) is up-regulated at the invasive tumour front of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), indicating a role for uPAR in tumour progression. We previously observed elevated expression of uPAR at the tumour-stroma interface in a mouse model for OSCC, which was associated with increased proteolytic activity. The tumour microenvironment regulated uPAR expression, as well as its glycosylation and cleavage. Both full-length- and cleaved uPAR (uPAR (II-III)) are involved in highly regulated processes such as cell signalling, proliferation, migration, stem cell mobilization and invasion. The aim of the current study was to analyse tumour associated factors and their effect on uPAR cleavage, and the potential implications for cell proliferation, migration and invasion. METHODS Mouse uPAR was stably overexpressed in the mouse OSCC cell line AT84. The ratio of full-length versus cleaved uPAR as analysed by Western blotting and its regulation was assessed by addition of different protease inhibitors and transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF-β1). The role of uPAR cleavage in cell proliferation and migration was analysed using real-time cell analysis and invasion was assessed using the myoma invasion model. RESULTS We found that when uPAR was overexpressed a proportion of the receptor was cleaved, thus the cells presented both full-length uPAR and uPAR (II-III). Cleavage was mainly performed by serine proteases and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in particular. When the OSCC cells were stimulated with TGF-β1, the production of the uPA inhibitor PAI-1 was increased, resulting in a reduction of uPAR cleavage. By inhibiting cleavage of uPAR, cell migration was reduced, and by inhibiting uPA activity, invasion was reduced. We could also show that medium containing soluble uPAR (suPAR), and cleaved soluble uPAR (suPAR (II-III)), induced migration in OSCC cells with low endogenous levels of uPAR. CONCLUSIONS These results show that soluble factors in the tumour microenvironment, such as TGF-β1, PAI-1 and uPA, can influence the ratio of full length and uPAR (II-III) and thereby potentially effect cell migration and invasion. Resolving how uPAR cleavage is controlled is therefore vital for understanding how OSCC progresses and potentially provides new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnove Norvoll Magnussen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Diagnostic Clinic - Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eli Berg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristiane Cavalcanti Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bente Mortensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Research Medicine Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil
| | - Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Uhlin-Hansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Diagnostic Clinic - Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunbjorg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Li J, Yin J, Shen W, Gao R, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Liu C, Xiang R, Luo N. TLR4 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis via Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Pathway upon LPS Stimulation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1219-1229. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- Department of immunology; Tianjin Children's Hospital; Tianjin 300074 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of Surgery; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing 100071 China
| | - Chenghu Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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118
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Melzer MK, Lopez-Martinez A, Altomonte J. Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Viro-Immunotherapy: Defeating Cancer with a "Hammer" and "Anvil". Biomedicines 2017; 5:E8. [PMID: 28536351 PMCID: PMC5423493 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have gained much attention in recent years, due, not only to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells, but to their potential to stimulate antitumor immune responses directed against the tumor. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-strand RNA virus, is under intense development as an oncolytic virus due to a variety of favorable properties, including its rapid replication kinetics, inherent tumor specificity, and its potential to elicit a broad range of immunomodulatory responses to break immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. Based on this powerful platform, a multitude of strategies have been applied to further improve the immune-stimulating potential of VSV and synergize these responses with the direct oncolytic effect. These strategies include: 1. modification of endogenous virus genes to stimulate interferon induction; 2. virus-mediated expression of cytokines or immune-stimulatory molecules to enhance anti-tumor immune responses; 3. vaccination approaches to stimulate adaptive immune responses against a tumor antigen; 4. combination with adoptive immune cell therapy for potentially synergistic therapeutic responses. A summary of these approaches will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Arturo Lopez-Martinez
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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119
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Guo C, Chen Y, Gao W, Chang A, Ye Y, Shen W, Luo Y, Yang S, Sun P, Xiang R, Li N. Liposomal Nanoparticles Carrying anti-IL6R Antibody to the Tumour Microenvironment Inhibit Metastasis in Two Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Mouse Models. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:775-788. [PMID: 28255366 PMCID: PMC5327649 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly towards potentiating the stemness and metastasis properties of cancer cells. IL6-Stat3 is one of the important cell signaling pathways in mediating the communication between tumour and immune cells. Here, we have systematically developed a novel anti-CD44 antibody-mediated liposomal nanoparticle delivery system loaded with anti-IL6R antibody, which could specifically target the TME of CD44+ breast cancer cells in different mouse models for triple negative and luminal breast cancer. This nanoparticle had an enhanced and specific tumour targeting efficacy with dramatic anti-tumour metastasis effects in syngeneic BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 cells as was in the syngeneic MMTV-PyMT mice. It inhibited IL6R-Stat3 signaling and moderated the TME, characterized by the reduced expression of genes encoding Stat3, Sox2, VEGFA, MMP-9 and CD206 in the breast tissues. Furthermore, this nanoparticle reduced the subgroups of Sox2+ and CD206+ cells in the lung metastatic foci, demonstrating its inhibitory effect on the lung metastatic niche for breast cancer stem cells. Taken together, the CD44 targeted liposomal nanoparticles encapsulating anti-IL6R antibody achieved a significant effect to inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer mouse models. Our results shed light on the application of nanoparticle mediated cancer immune-therapy through targeting TME.
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120
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Lee YS, Park Y, Kwon M, Roh JL, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY. Expression of Lysyl Oxidase Predictive of Distant Metastasis of Laryngeal Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:489-497. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816685698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in laryngeal cancer. Study Design Retrospective chart review and histologic analysis. Setting Tertiary referral academic center. Subjects and Methods Patients (N = 100) underwent surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer and had tissue specimens available. Immunohistochemical staining for LOX was performed on laryngeal cancer tissue microarrays, and the proportion and intensity of staining were evaluated. Patients with LOX scores ≤6 were classified into the low LOX group, while those with scores >6 were classified into the high LOX group. We analyzed the correlation between LOX expression and clinical factors as well as prognosis. Results LOX was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the high LOX group had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates than the low LOX group ( P < .05). LOX expression exhibited marginally significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. In the Cox regression analysis, LOX expression and lymph node metastasis were significant factors correlated with overall survival rate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.35-11.37, P = .012; OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.93-1.43, P = .024, respectively). LOX expression was related to distant metastasis free survival rate (OR = 7.72, 95% CI: 1.02-19.18, P = .048). Conclusion A high expression level of LOX is associated with lymph node and distant metastasis as well as poor prognosis among patients with laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Se Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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121
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Pleshkan VV, Alekseenko IV, Tyulkina DV, Kyzmich AI, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a possible target of an antitumor strategy. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416816030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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122
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Huang C, Liu H, Gong XL, Wu L, Wen B. Expression of DNA methyltransferases and target microRNAs in human tissue samples related to sporadic colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2705-2714. [PMID: 27666771 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironment functions as a pivotal mediator in colorectal carcinogenesis, and its alteration can cause some important cellular responses including epigenetic events. The present study examined histologically altered tissue structure, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and their corresponding expression of target microRNAs (miRNA). Tissues resected by surgery were from primary colorectal carcinoma. These samples were from three locations: and were ≥10, 5 and ≤2 cm away from the proximal lesion of colon cancer, and marked as no. 1, no. 2 and no. 3, respectively. Histological alteration was assessed by H&E staining, expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, microarray chip was used to screen distinguishable miRNAs and miRNAs targeting DNMTs whose validation assay was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results revealed that normal crypt structure was shown in no. 1, while many aberrant crypt foci appeared in no. 3. Significant upregulation of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B expression was found in para-carcinoma tissues, compared with the histopathologically unchanged tissues (P<0.05), furthermore, distinguishable expression profiling was observed of target miRNAs in tissues with different distance. Our results provide additional insights for future research of colorectal carcinogenesis by introducing the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Gong
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Wu
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- PI‑WEI Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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Xiong H, Du S, Ni J, Zhou J, Yao J. Mitochondria and nuclei dual-targeted heterogeneous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin. Biomaterials 2016; 94:70-83. [PMID: 27105438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual-targeted nanoparticles have been increasingly used to realize greater anti-proliferation effect by attacking double key sites of tumor cells. In order to retain nuclei inhibition effect and enhance DOX-induced apoptosis by mitochondrial pathway simultaneously, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles (HAP-HA), the functional calcium-based tumor targeting nanoparticles, have been developed. In this nanosystem, HA acts as an active tumor-targeting ligand to bind the CD44 receptors which are overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells while HAP can load and deliver DOX to both nuclei and mitochondria of tumor cells. In this study, DOX-loaded HAP-HA nanoparticles (DOX/HAP-HA) exhibited satisfactory drug loading efficiency which was up to 214.55 ± 51.05 μg mg(-1) and showed a uniform nano-scaled particle size. The mitochondrial and nuclei targetability of DOX/HAP-HA was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses. Besides, western blot assay demonstrated that DOX/HAP-HA could markedly enhance mitochondrial cytochrome C leakage and thereby activate apoptotic cascade associated with it. In addition, in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and toxicity evaluation of DOX/HAP-HA indicated that DOX/HAP-HA was more effective and less harmful compared to other groups. DOX/HAP-HA might be a new promising targeted delivery system for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nowak M, Glowacka E, Kielbik M, Kulig A, Sulowska Z, Klink M. Secretion of cytokines and heat shock protein (HspA1A) by ovarian cancer cells depending on the tumor type and stage of disease. Cytokine 2016; 89:136-142. [PMID: 26868087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising several tumor types that each have multiple histopathological features and different biological behaviors. Recent morphologic and molecular genetic studies have allowed for the categorization of various types of ovarian cancer into two groups: type I and type II. Type I tumors are low-grade and are genetically more stable, while type II tumors are high-grade and genetically unstable. The determination of the type of ovarian cancer may have implications in terms of the appropriate therapeutic strategy because different prognoses and responses to chemotherapeutic agents are observed. Therefore, the current challenge is better recognition of the features of cancer cells, which may result in more individualized therapy. The aim of the current studies was to compare the ability of ovarian cancer cells isolated from tumors, which were classified as type I or type II ovarian cancer, to release pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines and heat shock protein (HspA1A). These factors are known to facilitate tumor cell survival, invasion and metastasis. Our studies demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients with type II tumors released high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines (i.e., interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β) and HspA1A in vitro. Conversely, ovarian cancer cells obtained from of type I tumors were significantly less active. We did not observe any difference in the ability of the isolated cancer cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, regardless of the type of ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that cancer cells from patients with type II tumors demonstrated more intense activity in regards to survival and metastasis, which should be considered during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nowak
- Department of Operating Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Glowacka
- Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kulig
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Sulowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Antonioli L, Yegutkin GG, Pacher P, Blandizzi C, Haskó G. Anti-CD73 in cancer immunotherapy: awakening new opportunities. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:95-109. [PMID: 27014745 PMCID: PMC4800751 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy made significant advances due to a better understanding of the principles underlying tumor biology and immunology. In this context, CD73 is a key molecule, since via degradation of adenosine monophosphate into adenosine, endorses the generation of an immunosuppressed and pro-angiogenic niche within the tumor microenvironment that promotes the onset and progression of cancer. Targeting CD73 results in favorable antitumor effects in pre-clinical models and combined treatments of CD73 blockade with other immune-modulating agents (i.e. anti-CTLA-4 mAb or anti-PD1 mAb) is particularly attractive. Although there is still a long way to go, anti-CD73 therapy, through the development of CD73 monoclonal antibodies, can potentially constitute a new biologic therapy for cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the link between CD73 and the onset, development and spread of tumors, highlighting the potential value of this molecule as a target and as a novel biomarker in the context of personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratories of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Chen B, Wang Z, Sun J, Song Q, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Dai W, Zhang Q. A tenascin C targeted nanoliposome with navitoclax for specifically eradicating of cancer-associated fibroblasts. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:131-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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127
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Pleshkan VV, Alekseenko IV, Tyulkina DV, Kyzmich AI, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a possible target of the antitumor strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18821/0208-0613-2016-34-3-90-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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128
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Ahmad J, Akhter S, Greig NH, Kamal MA, Midoux P, Pichon C. Engineered Nanoparticles Against MDR in Cancer: The State of the Art and its Prospective. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:4360-4373. [PMID: 27319945 PMCID: PMC5182049 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160617112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease at intra/inter patient levels and known as the leading cause of death worldwide. A variety of mono and combinational therapies including chemotherapy have been evolved over the years for its effective treatment. However, advent of chemotherapeutic resistance or multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is a major challenge researchers are facing in cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex process having multifaceted non-cellular or cellular-based mechanisms. Research in the area of cancer nanotechnology over the past two decade has now proven that the smartly designed nanoparticles help in successful chemotherapy by overcoming the MDR and preferentially accumulate in the tumor region by means of active and passive targeting therefore reducing the offtarget accumulation of payload. Many of such nanoparticles are in different stages of clinical trials as nanomedicines showing promising result in cancer therapy including the resistant cases. Nanoparticles as chemotherapeutics carriers offer the opportunity to have multiple payload of drug and or imaging agents for combinational and theranostics therapy. Moreover, nanotechnology further bring in notice the new treatment strategies such as combining the NIR, MRI and HIFU in cancer chemotherapy and imaging. Here, we discussed the cellular/non-cellular factors constituting the MDR in cancer and the role of nanomedicines in effective chemotherapy of MDR cases of cancers. Moreover, recent advancements like combinational payload delivery and combined physical approach with nanotechnology in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, UP-229010, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire region, France
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non-viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
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Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging approach that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and specialized chemical agents known as sonosensitizers. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer which offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In this article, we critically reviewed the currently accepted mechanisms of sonodynamic action and summarized the classification of sonosensitizers. At the same time, the breath of evidence from SDT-based studies suggests that SDT is promising for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yun Wan
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yin-Song Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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Micro Regional Heterogeneity of 64Cu-ATSM and 18F-FDG Uptake in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Relation to Cell Proliferation, Hypoxia and Glycolysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141379. [PMID: 26501874 PMCID: PMC4621038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumour microenvironment heterogeneity is believed to play a key role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. However, little is known about micro regional distribution of hypoxia, glycolysis and proliferation in spontaneous solid tumours. The overall aim was simultaneous investigation of micro regional heterogeneity of 64Cu-ATSM (hypoxia) and 18F-FDG (glycolysis) uptake and correlation to endogenous markers of hypoxia, glycolysis, proliferation and angiogenesis to better therapeutically target aggressive tumour regions and prognosticate outcome. METHODS Exploiting the different half-lives of 64Cu-ATSM (13 h) and 18F-FDG (2 h) enabled simultaneous investigation of micro regional distribution of hypoxia and glycolysis in 145 tumour pieces from four spontaneous canine soft tissue sarcomas. Pairwise measurements of radioactivity and gene expression of endogenous markers of hypoxia (HIF-1α, CAIX), glycolysis (HK2, GLUT1 and GLUT3), proliferation (Ki-67) and angiogenesis (VEGFA and TF) were performed. Dual tracer autoradiography was compared with Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Micro regional heterogeneity in hypoxia and glycolysis within and between tumour sections of each tumour piece was observed. The spatial distribution of 64Cu-ATSM and 18F-FDG was rather similar within each tumour section as reflected in moderate positive significant correlations between the two tracers (ρ = 0.3920-0.7807; p = 0.0180 -<0.0001) based on pixel-to-pixel comparisons of autoradiographies and gamma counting of tumour pieces. 64Cu-ATSM and 18F-FDG correlated positively with gene expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3, but negatively with HIF-1α and CAIX. Significant positive correlations were seen between Ki-67 gene expression and 64Cu-ATSM (ρ = 0.5578, p = 0.0004) and 18F-FDG (ρ = 0.4629-0.7001, p = 0.0001-0.0151). Ki-67 gene expression more consistently correlated with 18F-FDG than with 64Cu-ATSM. CONCLUSIONS Micro regional heterogeneity of hypoxia and glycolysis was documented in spontaneous canine soft tissue sarcomas. 64Cu-ATSM and 18F-FDG uptakes and distributions showed significant moderate correlations at the micro regional level indicating overlapping, yet different information from the tracers.18F-FDG better reflected cell proliferation as measured by Ki-67 gene expression than 64Cu-ATSM.
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Strategies and Advancements in Harnessing the Immune System for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:308574. [PMID: 26579545 PMCID: PMC4633567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/308574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer biology, cells and molecules that form the fundamental components of the tumor microenvironment play a major role in tumor initiation, and progression as well as responses to therapy. Therapeutic approaches that would enable and harness the immune system to target tumor cells mark the future of anticancer therapy as it could induce an immunological memory specific to the tumor type and further enhance tumor regression and relapse-free survival in cancer patients. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities that has a modest survival benefit from existing treatment options. The advent of immunotherapy presents us with new approaches in gastric cancer treatment where adaptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and antibody therapies have all been used with promising outcomes. In this paper, we review the current advances and prospects in the gastric cancer immunotherapy. Special focus is laid on new strategies and clinical trials that attempt to enhance the efficacy of various immunotherapeutic modalities in gastric cancer.
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132
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EGF enhances low-invasive cancer cell invasion by promoting IMP-3 expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2555-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Gould CM, Courtneidge SA. Regulation of invadopodia by the tumor microenvironment. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:226-35. [PMID: 24714597 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules that communicate with cancer cells. As tumors grow and develop, the tumor microenvironment changes. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is not only influenced by signals from tumor cells, but also stromal components contribute to tumor progression and metastasis by affecting cancer cell function. One of the mechanisms that cancer cells use to invade and metastasize is mediated by actin-rich, proteolytic structures called invadopodia. Here, we discuss how signals from the tumor environment, including growth factors, hypoxia, pH, metabolism, and stromal cell interactions, affect the formation and function of invadopodia to regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment affects invadopodia biology could aid in the development of effective therapeutics to target cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Gould
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program; Cancer Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program; Cancer Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla, CA USA
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MicroRNA Regulation of Brain Tumour Initiating Cells in Central Nervous System Tumours. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:141793. [PMID: 26064134 PMCID: PMC4433683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/141793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS tumours occur in both pediatric and adult patients and many of these tumours are associated with poor clinical outcome. Due to a paradigm shift in thinking for the last several years, these tumours are now considered to originate from a small population of stem-like cells within the bulk tumour tissue. These cells, termed as brain tumour initiating cells (BTICs), are perceived to be regulated by microRNAs at the posttranscriptional/translational levels. Proliferation, stemness, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, and cell cycle constitute some of the significant processes modulated by microRNAs in cancer initiation and progression. Characterization and functional studies on oncogenic or tumour suppressive microRNAs are made possible because of developments in sequencing and microarray techniques. In the current review, we bring recent knowledge of the role of microRNAs in BTIC formation and therapy. Special attention is paid to two highly aggressive and well-characterized brain tumours: gliomas and medulloblastoma. As microRNA seems to be altered in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, “microRNA therapy” may now have potential to improve outcomes for brain tumour patients. In this rapidly evolving field, further understanding of miRNA biology and its contribution towards cancer can be mined for new therapeutic tools.
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135
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Thanh Vu B, Le HT, Phan NLC, Pham PV. Optimization of culture medium for the isolation and propagation of human breast cancer cells from primary tumour biopsies. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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136
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Wang M, Wu CP, Pan JY, Zheng WW, Cao XJ, Fan GK. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in a human HEp-2 established laryngeal xenografted tumor are not derived from cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, phenotypically activated but karyotypically normal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117405. [PMID: 25658113 PMCID: PMC4319834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in cancer progression and even initiation. However, the origins of CAFs in various cancer types remain controversial, and one of the important hypothesized origins is through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) from cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether the HEp-2 laryngeal cancer cells are able to generate CAFs via EMT during tumor formation, which is now still unknown. The laryngeal xenografted tumor model was established by inoculating the HEp-2 laryngeal cancer cell line in nude mice. Primary cultured CAFs from the tumor nodules and matched normal fibroblasts (NFs) from the adjacent connective tissues were subcultured, purified, and verified by immunofluorescence. Migration, invasion, and proliferation potentials were compared between the CAFs and NFs. A co-culture of CAFs with HEp-2 cells and a co-injection of CAFs with HEp-2 cells in nude mice were performed to examine the cancer-promoting potential of CAFs to further verify their identity. Karyotypic analyses of the CAFs, NFs, and HEp-2 cells were conducted. A co-culture of NFs with HEp-2 cells was also performed to examine the expression of activated markers of CAFs. A pathological examination confirmed that the laryngeal xenografted tumor model was successfully established, containing abundant CAFs. Immunocytochemical staining verified the purities and identities of the CAFs and NFs. Although the CAFs manifested higher migration, invasion, proliferation, and cancer-promoting capacities compared with the NFs, an analysis of chromosomes revealed that both the CAFs and NFs showed typical normal mouse karyotypes. In addition, the NFs co-cultured with HEp-2 cells did not show induced expressions of activated markers of CAFs. Our findings reveal that the CAFs in the HEp-2 established laryngeal xenografted tumor are not of laryngeal cancer origin but of mouse origin, indicating that the HEp-2 laryngeal cancer cells cannot generate their own CAFs via EMT in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yan Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Kang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Akhter S, Amin S, Ahmad J, Khan S, Anwar M, Ahmad MZ, Rahman Z, Ahmad FJ. Nanotechnology to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09801-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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138
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Maroni P, Matteucci E, Drago L, Banfi G, Bendinelli P, Desiderio MA. RETRACTED: Hypoxia induced E-cadherin involving regulators of Hippo pathway due to HIF-1α stabilization/nuclear translocation in bone metastasis from breast carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2015; 330:287-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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139
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Kothari AN, Mi Z, Zapf M, Kuo PC. Novel clinical therapeutics targeting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:35. [PMID: 25343018 PMCID: PMC4198571 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in many processes, ranging from tissue and organogenesis to cancer and metastatic spread. Understanding the key regulatory mechanisms and mediators within this process offers the opportunity to develop novel therapeutics with broad clinical applicability. To date, several components of EMT already are targeted using pharmacologic agents in fibrosis and cancer. As our knowledge of EMT continues to grow, the potential for novel therapeutics will also increase. This review focuses on the role of EMT both as a necessary part of development and a key player in disease progression, specifically the similarity in pathways used during both processes as targets for drug development. Also, the key role of the tumor microenvironment with EMT is outlined, focusing on both co-factors and cell types with the ability to modulate the progression of EMT in cancer and metastatic disease. Lastly, we discuss the current status of clinical therapies both in development and those progressed to clinical trial specifically targeting pathologic EMTs including small molecule inhibitors, non-coding RNAs, exogenous co-factors, and adjunctive therapies to current chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anai N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Ave, EMS Bldg, Rm 3244, Maywood 60153, IL, USA
| | - Zhiyong Mi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Ave, EMS Bldg, Rm 3244, Maywood 60153, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Zapf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Ave, EMS Bldg, Rm 3244, Maywood 60153, IL, USA
| | - Paul C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Ave, EMS Bldg, Rm 3244, Maywood 60153, IL, USA
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140
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Giakoustidis A, Mudan S, Hagemann T. Tumour Microenvironment: Overview with an Emphasis on the Colorectal Liver Metastasis Pathway. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 8:177-86. [PMID: 25277516 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) represents a dynamic network that plays an important role in tumour initiation, proliferation, growth, and metastasis. Cell behaviour may be regulated by interplay of molecular interactions involving positive and negative reinforcement as well as a high level of cross-talk, which determines this system. Additionally, cancer involves cell proliferation, its malignancy defined by the tumour's ability to break down normal tissue architecture and by a dynamic process of invasion and metastasis. The metastatic cascade is regulated by a chain of molecular steps which triggers the progression of the developing cancer cell in the primary tumour into a number of transformations, leading to invasion and proceeding to metastases. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key-role in the progression from inflammatory conditions to cancer; TAMs are also capable of infiltrating the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of inhibitory immune cells, have been reported to increase in various cancer types, although characterising human MDSCs remains difficult, as their phenotype is quite variable. The future of cancer treatment is likely to involve creating more drugs that target these elements as well as others. An overview of the tumour's microenvironment is, therefore, presented in this paper, focusing on the metastatic pathways of primary colorectal cancer to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Giakoustidis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK. .,The London Clinic, 116 Harley Street, London, W1G 7JL, UK.
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Thorsten Hagemann
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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López C, Callau C, Bosch R, Korzynska A, Jaén J, García-Rojo M, Bueno G, Salvadó MT, Álvaro T, Oños M, Fernández-Carrobles MDM, Llobera M, Baucells J, Orero G, Lejeune M. Development of automated quantification methodologies of immunohistochemical markers to determine patterns of immune response in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005643. [PMID: 25091015 PMCID: PMC4127922 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymph nodes are one of the main sites where an effective immune response develops. Normally, axillary nodes are the first place where breast cancer produces metastases. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of immune cells, especially dendritic cells, in the evolution of breast cancer. The goal of the project is to identify differences in the patterns of immune infiltrates, with particular emphasis on dendritic cells, in tumour and axillary node biopsies between patients with and without metastases in the axillary nodes at the time of diagnosis. It is expected that these differences will be able to explain differences in survival, relapse and clinicopathological variables between the two groups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will involve 100 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2000 and 2007, 50% of whom have metastases in the axillary lymph node at diagnosis. In selected patients, two cylinders from biopsies of representative areas of tumour and axillary nodes (with and without metastasis) will be selected and organised in tissue microarrays. Samples will be stained using immunohistochemical techniques for different markers of immune response and dendritic cells. Two images of each cylinder will be captured under standardised conditions for each marker. Each marker will be quantified automatically by digital image procedures using Image-Pro Plus and Image-J software. Associations of survival, relapse and other clinicopathological variables with the automatically quantified levels of immune infiltrates in patients with and without axillary node metastasis will be sought. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The present project has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII (Ref: 22p/2011). Those patients whose biopsies and clinical data are to be used will give their signed informed consent. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Terres de l'Ebre, IISPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, URV, UAB, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Cristina Callau
- Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Ramon Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Anna Korzynska
- Laboratory of Processing Systems of Microscopic Image Information, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joaquín Jaén
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marcial García-Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- VISILAB, Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Salvadó
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Tomás Álvaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Montse Oños
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Llobera
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Jordi Baucells
- Department of Informatics, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Guifré Orero
- Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Spain
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D’Ascenzio M, Carradori S, Secci D, Vullo D, Ceruso M, Akdemir A, Supuran CT. Selective inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases by novel amide derivatives of probenecid: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3982-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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143
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Videira M, Reis RL, Brito MA. Deconstructing breast cancer cell biology and the mechanisms of multidrug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:312-25. [PMID: 25080053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer complexity constantly challenges the way that clinicians manage breast cancer therapy. Tumor heterogeneity and intratumoral stroma characteristics allow cells with different phenotypes and deregulated apoptotic, proliferative and migration abilities to co-exist contributing to a disappointing therapeutic response. While new approaches are being associated with conventional chemotherapy, such as hormonal therapy or target monoclonal antibodies, recurrence and metastasization are still observed. Membrane transporters are the cell's first line of contact with anticancer drugs having a major role in multidrug resistance events. This structural-based activity enables the cell to be drug-resistant by decreasing drug intracellular concentration through an efflux-transport mechanism, mainly associated with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. This review focuses on some of the important structural and biological properties of the malignant cell and tumor microenvironment, addressing the role of the membrane ABC transporters in therapeutic outcomes, and highlighting related molecular pathways that may represent meaningful target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Videira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Leones Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Kapse-Mistry S, Govender T, Srivastava R, Yergeri M. Nanodrug delivery in reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:159. [PMID: 25071577 PMCID: PMC4090910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics is known as multidrug resistance (MDR) which hinders chemotherapy efficacy. Potential factors for MDR includes enhanced drug detoxification, decreased drug uptake, increased intracellular nucleophiles levels, enhanced repair of drug induced DNA damage, overexpression of drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein(P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1, MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Currently nanoassemblies such as polymeric/solid lipid/inorganic/metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles has emerged as an innovative, effective, and promising platforms for treatment of drug resistant cancer cells. Nanocarriers have potential to improve drug therapeutic index, ability for multifunctionality, divert ABC-transporter mediated drug efflux mechanism and selective targeting to tumor cells, cancer stem cells, tumor initiating cells, or cancer microenvironment. Selective nanocarrier targeting to tumor overcomes dose-limiting side effects, lack of selectivity, tissue toxicity, limited drug access to tumor tissues, high drug doses, and emergence of multiple drug resistance with conventional or combination chemotherapy. Current review highlights various nanodrug delivery systems to overcome mechanism of MDR by neutralizing, evading, or exploiting the drug efflux pumps and those independent of drug efflux pump mechanism by silencing Bcl-2 and HIF1α gene expressions by siRNA and miRNA, modulating ceramide levels and targeting NF-κB. “Theragnostics” combining a cytotoxic agent, targeting moiety, chemosensitizing agent, and diagnostic imaging aid are highlighted as effective and innovative systems for tumor localization and overcoming MDR. Physical approaches such as combination of drug with thermal/ultrasound/photodynamic therapies to overcome MDR are focused. The review focuses on newer drug delivery systems developed to overcome MDR in cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kapse-Mistry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai Mumbai, India
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, South Africa
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai, India
| | - Mayur Yergeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai Mumbai, India
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Sarsour EH, Goswami M, Kalen AL, Lafin JT, Goswami PC. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 mediated aged quiescent fibroblast-induced stimulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9645. [PMID: 24691968 PMCID: PMC4082566 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an age-associated disease. Although the mechanisms of age-associated increase in cancer incidence are not completely understood, it is believed that the tumor stromal environment significantly influences epithelial malignancy. Fibroblasts are a major cell type in the stroma and, under normal conditions, fibroblasts reside in the quiescent state. Cellular quiescence is a reversible process where cells enter into the proliferative cycle and then exit back to quiescence. We have shown previously that quiescent fibroblasts lose their proliferative capacity as they age, and we defined this mode of cellular aging as chronological life span. Using conditioned media and co-culture experiments, results from this study show that normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) nearing the end of their chronological life span stimulate the proliferation of MB231 and MCF7 human breast epithelial cancer cells. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) expression was found to be approximately 8-fold higher in old compared to that in young quiescent NHFs, which correlated with an increase in the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pro-proliferative pathway in MB231 cells. Conditioned media treated with anti-CCL5 antibody suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and proliferation of MB231 cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary polyphenol and an active ingredient of olive, inhibited CCL5 expression in aging quiescent NHFs. This inhibition was associated with NHFs inability to activate the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and enhance proliferation of MB231 cells. These results show that fibroblasts nearing the end of their chronological life span promote proliferation of human breast epithelial cancer cells and dietary polyphenols inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H. Sarsour
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Monali Goswami
- />Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241 USA
| | - Amanda L. Kalen
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - John T. Lafin
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
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146
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-substituted saccharin derivatives as selective inhibitors of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1821-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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147
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Bendinelli P, Maroni P, Matteucci E, Luzzati A, Perrucchini G, Desiderio MA. Microenvironmental stimuli affect Endothelin-1 signaling responsible for invasiveness and osteomimicry of bone metastasis from breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:815-26. [PMID: 24373848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to clarify the function(s) of Endothelin-1 and its receptors ETAR and ETBR in osteolytic-bone metastasis from breast cancer, and their regulation by hepatocyte and transforming growth factors (HGF, TGF-β) and hypoxia. The aim was to evaluate the adaptability of bone metastasis to microenvironmental stimuli through Endothelin-1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or the reverse process MET, and through osteomimicry possible key features for bone colonization. We compared low (MCF-7) and high (MDA-MB231) invasive-breast carcinoma cells, and 1833-bone metastatic clone, with human pair-matched primary breast-carcinomas and bone metastases. Parental MDA-MB231 and the derived 1833-clone responded oppositely to the stimuli. In 1833 cells, TGF-β and hypoxia increased Endothelin-1 release, altogether reducing invasiveness important for engraftment, while Endothelin-1 enhanced MDA-MB231 cell invasiveness. The Endothelin-1-autocrine loop contributed to the cooperation of intracellular-signaling pathways and extracellular stimuli triggering MET in 1833 cells, and EMT in MDA-MB231 cells. Only in 1833 cells, HGF negatively influenced transactivation and release of Endothelin-1, suggesting a temporal sequence of these stimuli with an initial role of HGF-triggered Wnt/β-catenin pathway in metastatization. Then, Endothelin-1/ETAR conferred MET and osteomimetic phenotypes, with Runt-related transcription factor 2 activation and metalloproteinase 9 expression, contributing to colonization and osteolysis. Findings with human pair-matched primary ductal carcinomas and bone metastases gave a translational significance to the molecular study. Endothelin-1, ETAR and ETBR correlated with the acquisition of malignant potential, because of high expression already in the in situ carcinoma. These molecular markers might be used as predictive index of aggressive behavior and invasive/metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bendinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maroni
- Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Matteucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Alfonsina Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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148
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Patel NR, Pattni BS, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1748-62. [PMID: 23973912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the most widely exploited phenomenon by which cancer eludes chemotherapy. Broad variety of factors, ranging from the cellular ones, such as over-expression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and altered molecular targets, to the physiological factors such as higher interstitial fluid pressure, low extracellular pH, and formation of irregular tumor vasculature are responsible for multidrug resistance. A combination of various undesirable factors associated with biological surroundings together with poor solubility and instability of many potential therapeutic small & large molecules within the biological systems and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents has necessitated the need for nano-preparations to optimize drug delivery. The physiology of solid tumors presents numerous challenges for successful therapy. However, it also offers unique opportunities for the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles, up to 400 nm in size, have shown great promise for carrying, protecting and delivering potential therapeutic molecules with diverse physiological properties. In this review, various factors responsible for the MDR and the use of nanotechnology to overcome the MDR, the use of spheroid culture as well as the current technique of producing microtumor tissues in vitro are discussed in detail.
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149
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Wu LY, Wen B, Hu FL, Liu JY, Fu DS. DNMTs are differentially expressed in tissues at different distances from colorectal cancer lesions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2515-2521. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i25.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in tissues at different distances from colorectal cancer lesions.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of DNMTs in 25 colorectal cancer specimens and matched tumor-adjacent tissues (> 5 cm apart from the tumor and 2 cm apart from the tumor) and normal tissues (> 10 cm apart from the tumor). None of the patients received preoperative treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
RESULTS: The corrected absorbance of DNMT1 detected by immunohistochemistry in tissues > 10, > 5 and 2 cm apart from the tumor was 0.359484 ± 0.037511, 0.460941 ± 0.032146 and 0.498767 ± 0.021143, respectively, showing an upward-trend (P < 0.05). The corresponding relative expression levels of DNMT1detected by Western blot were 0.7173, 0.7418 and 0.8296. Expression of DNMT3A in tissues > 5 and > 10 cm apart from the tumor was significantly higher than that in tissues 2 cm apart from the tumor (both P < 0. 05), although expression of DNMT3A showed no significant difference between tissues > 5 and > 10 cm apart from the tumor (P > 0. 05). Expression of DNMT3B in the above tissues was similar to that of DNMT3A.
CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B may play a significant role in the occurrence of colorectal carcinoma.
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150
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Matteucci E, Maroni P, Bendinelli P, Locatelli A, Desiderio MA. Epigenetic control of endothelin-1 axis affects invasiveness of breast carcinoma cells with bone tropism. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1865-1874. [PMID: 23660387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a complex regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) axis driven by epigenetic reactions in 1833-bone metastatic cells, emphasizing the importance in skeletal metastasis from breast carcinoma. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases, trichostatin A (TSA), and of DNA methylases, 5'-Azacytidine (Aza), caused, respectively, reduction and increase in 1833 cell invasiveness, without affecting the basal migration of parental MDA-MB231 cells. Of note, in the two cell lines exposed to Aza the blockade of the ET-1 receptor ETAR with BQ-123 oppositely changed invasive properties. Even if in MDA-MB231 cells the ET-1 axis was scarcely influenced by epigenetic reactions, ETAR remarkably decreased after Aza. In contrast, in 1833 cells Aza exposure enhanced ET-1 coupled to ETAR wild type, being also ETAR truncated form increased, and invasiveness was stimulated. Under demethylation, the increase in ET-1 steady state protein level in 1833 clone seemed regulated at transcriptional level principally via Ets1 transcription factor. In fact, actinomycin D almost completely prevented ET-1 mRNA induction due to Aza. Only in 1833 cells, TSA exposure inactivated ET-1 axis, with reduction of the expression of ET-1 and ETAR mutated form, in agreement with Matrigel invasion decrease. This treatment favoured the ET-1 repressional control, taking place at the level of mRNA stability due to the 3'-untranslated region in the ET-1 gene, and also decreased transcription via NF-kB. Environmental conditions that alter the balance between epigenetic reactions might, therefore, affect metastasis migratory mode influencing ET-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Matteucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maroni
- Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Bendinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy; Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Alfonsina Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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