101
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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102
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Nißler R, Müller AT, Dohrman F, Kurth L, Li H, Cosio EG, Flavel BS, Giraldo JP, Mithöfer A, Kruss S. Detection and Imaging of the Plant Pathogen Response by Near-Infrared Fluorescent Polyphenol Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202108373. [PMID: 34608727 PMCID: PMC9298901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants use secondary metabolites such as polyphenols for chemical defense against pathogens and herbivores. Despite their importance in plant pathogen interactions and tolerance to diseases, it remains challenging to detect polyphenols in complex plant tissues. Here, we create molecular sensors for plant polyphenol imaging that are based on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We identified polyethylene glycol-phospholipids that render (6,5)-SWCNTs sensitive (Kd =90 nM) to plant polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids, …), which red-shift (up to 20 nm) and quench their emission (ca. 1000 nm). These sensors report changes in total polyphenol level after herbivore or pathogen challenge in crop plant systems (Soybean Glycine max) and leaf tissue extracts (Tococa spp.). We furthermore demonstrate remote chemical imaging of pathogen-induced polyphenol release from roots of soybean seedlings over the time course of 24 h. This approach allows in situ visualization and understanding of the chemical plant defense in real time and paves the way for plant phenotyping for optimized polyphenol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Physical Chemistry IIBochum UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Andrea T. Müller
- Research Group Plant Defense PhysiologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knöll-Strasse 807745JenaGermany
| | - Frederike Dohrman
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Larissa Kurth
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Eric G. Cosio
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy (INTE-PUCP)Pontifical Catholic University of PeruAv. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel15088LimaPeru
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92507USA
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense PhysiologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knöll-Strasse 807745JenaGermany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry IIBochum UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGeorg-August Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and SystemsFinkenstrasse 6147057DuisburgGermany
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103
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Nißler R, Müller AT, Dohrman F, Kurth L, Li H, Cosio EG, Flavel BS, Giraldo JP, Mithöfer A, Kruss S. Detektion und Visualisierung der Pflanzen‐Pathogen‐Response durch Nah‐Infrarot‐fluoreszente Polyphenolsensoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Physikalische Chemie II Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Andrea T. Müller
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 07745 Jena Deutschland
| | - Frederike Dohrman
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Larissa Kurth
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Eric G. Cosio
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy (INTE-PUCP) Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088 Lima Peru
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92507 USA
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 07745 Jena Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physikalische Chemie II Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikroelektronische Schaltungen Finkenstraße 61 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
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104
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Wang H, Zhang R, Mao Y, Jiang W, Chen X, Shen X, Yin C, Mao Z. Effects of Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2 on Apple Tree Growth and Replanted Soil Microbial Environment. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010063. [PMID: 35050003 PMCID: PMC8778220 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum strain 6S-2 with biocontrol effects and potential growth-promoting properties was made into a fungal fertilizer for the prevention of apple replant disease (ARD). 6S-2 fertilizer not only promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings in greenhouse and pot experiments, but also increased the branch elongation growth of young apple trees. The soil microbial community structure changed significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer: the relative abundance of Trichoderma increased significantly, the relative abundance of Fusarium (especially the gene copy numbers of four Fusarium species) and Cryptococcus decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyces increased. The bacteria/fungi and soil enzyme activities increased significantly after the application of 6S-2 fertilizer. The relative contents of alkenes, ethyl ethers, and citrullines increased in root exudates of M. hupehensis Rehd treated with 6S-2 fertilizer and were positively correlated with the abundance of Trichoderma. The relative contents of aldehydes, nitriles, and naphthalenes decreased, and they were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Fusarium. In addition, levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), organic matter (SOM), and pH in rhizosphere soil were also significantly related to changes in the microbial community structure. In summary, the application of 6S-2 fertilizer was effective in alleviating some aspects of ARD by promoting plant growth and optimizing the soil microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chengmiao Yin
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-186-5388-0060 (C.Y.); +86-139-5382-2958 (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-186-5388-0060 (C.Y.); +86-139-5382-2958 (Z.M.)
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105
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Mei K, Wu G, Liu J, Hong H, Lu H, Yan C. Dynamics of low-molecular-weight organic acids for the extraction and sequestration of arsenic species and heavy metals using mangrove sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131820. [PMID: 34416592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove wetlands are subjected to pollution due to anthropogenic activities. Mangrove fitness is mainly determined by root exudates and microorganisms activities belowground, but the mechanisms are not yet well known. Rhizospheric interactions among mangrove sediments, microorganisms and root exudates were simulated. In particular, low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA), were examined to explore the metal(loid)s rhizospheric dynamics via batch experiments. Using a combination of comparative sterilised and unsterilised sediments, LMWOA extracts and sediments constituents were examined. Factors such as the solution pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), arsenic and iron species and metal(loid)s in the aqueous phase were evaluated. The results show that on an average, the As decreased by 68.3 % and 42.1 % under citric and malic acid treatments, respectively, after sterilisation. In contrast, the As content increased by 29.6 % under oxalic acid treatment. Microorganisms probably facilitate sediment As release in the presence of citric and malic acids but suppress As mobilisation in the presence of oxalic acid. Fe, Mn and Al were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with the trace metal(loid)s (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, Ba, Cd and As). The solution pH was negatively correlated with the solution As. Both DOC and pH reach the peaks at the end of all treatments. The As absorption-desorption dynamics are closely linked to proton consumption, Fe-Mn-Al sedimentation of ageing performance and organic ligand complexation. The study provides an insight into the rhizospheric processes of microbial involvement and gives an enlightening understanding of the metal(loid)s redeployment for plant adaptation in mangrove wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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106
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Ghatak A, Schindler F, Bachmann G, Engelmeier D, Bajaj P, Brenner M, Fragner L, Varshney RK, Subbarao GV, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Root exudation of contrasting drought-stressed pearl millet genotypes conveys varying biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) activity. BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS 2022; 58:291-306. [PMID: 35399158 PMCID: PMC8938368 DOI: 10.1007/s00374-021-01578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Roots secrete a vast array of low molecular weight compounds into the soil broadly referred to as root exudates. It is a key mechanism by which plants and soil microbes interact in the rhizosphere. The effect of drought stress on the exudation process and composition is rarely studied, especially in cereal crops. This study focuses on comparative metabolic profiling of the exudates from sensitive and tolerant genotypes of pearl millet after a period of drought stress. We employed a combined platform of gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to cover both primary and secondary metabolites. The results obtained demonstrate that both genotype and drought stress have a significant impact on the concentration and composition of root exudates. The complexity and function of these differential root exudates are discussed. To reveal the potential effect of root exudates on the soil microbial community after a period of drought stress, we also tested for biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) activity. The analysis revealed a genotype-dependent enhancement of BNI activity after a defined period of drought stress. In parallel, we observed a genotype-specific relation of elongated root growth and root exudation under drought stress. These data suggest that the drought stress-dependent change in root exudation can manipulate the microbial soil communities to adapt and survive under harsh conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00374-021-01578-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Schindler
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Engelmeier
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Martin Brenner
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Fragner
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Guntur Venkata Subbarao
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 Japan
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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107
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Kim JY, Loo EPI, Pang TY, Lercher M, Frommer WB, Wudick MM. Cellular export of sugars and amino acids: role in feeding other cells and organisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1893-1914. [PMID: 34015139 PMCID: PMC8644676 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose, hexoses, and raffinose play key roles in the plant metabolism. Sucrose and raffinose, produced by photosynthesis, are translocated from leaves to flowers, developing seeds and roots. Translocation occurs in the sieve elements or sieve tubes of angiosperms. But how is sucrose loaded into and unloaded from the sieve elements? There seem to be two principal routes: one through plasmodesmata and one via the apoplasm. The best-studied transporters are the H+/SUCROSE TRANSPORTERs (SUTs) in the sieve element-companion cell complex. Sucrose is delivered to SUTs by SWEET sugar uniporters that release these key metabolites into the apoplasmic space. The H+/amino acid permeases and the UmamiT amino acid transporters are hypothesized to play analogous roles as the SUT-SWEET pair to transport amino acids. SWEETs and UmamiTs also act in many other important processes-for example, seed filling, nectar secretion, and pollen nutrition. We present information on cell type-specific enrichment of SWEET and UmamiT family members and propose several members to play redundant roles in the efflux of sucrose and amino acids across different cell types in the leaf. Pathogens hijack SWEETs and thus represent a major susceptibility of the plant. Here, we provide an update on the status of research on intercellular and long-distance translocation of key metabolites such as sucrose and amino acids, communication of the plants with the root microbiota via root exudates, discuss the existence of transporters for other important metabolites and provide potential perspectives that may direct future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Eliza P -I Loo
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Author for communication:
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108
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Ding Y, Gardiner DM, Powell JJ, Colgrave ML, Park RF, Kazan K. Adaptive defence and sensing responses of host plant roots to fungal pathogen attack revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3526-3544. [PMID: 34591319 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant root-produced constitutive and inducible defences inhibit pathogenic microorganisms within roots and in the rhizosphere. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying host responses during root-pathogen interactions are largely unexplored. Using the model species Brachypodium distachyon (Bd), we studied transcriptional and metabolic responses altered in Bd roots following challenge with Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a fungal pathogen that causes diseases in diverse organs of cereal crops. Shared gene expression patterns were found between Bd roots and spikes during Fg infection associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Overexpression of BdMYB78, an up-regulated transcription factor, significantly increased root resistance during Fg infection. We show that Bd roots recognize encroaching Fg prior to physical contact by altering transcription of genes associated with multiple cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species and cell development. These changes coincide with altered levels of secreted host metabolites detected by an untargeted metabolomic approach. The secretion of Bd metabolites was suppressed by Fg as enhanced levels of defence-associated metabolites were found in roots during pre-contact with a Fg mutant defective in host perception and the ability to cause disease. Our results help to understand root defence strategies employed by plants, with potential implications for improving the resistance of cereal crops to soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert F Park
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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109
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Xiang L, Wang M, Jiang W, Wang Y, Chen X, Yin C, Mao Z. Key indicators for renewal and reconstruction of perennial trees soil: Microorganisms and phloridzin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112723. [PMID: 34481354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perennial tree soil inhibits the growth of replanting apples, but the mechanism that underlies this inhibition is poorly understood. A total of 57 perennial tree soils were selected for the collection of soil samples in the Bohai Bay in May 2018. The severity of apple replant disease (ARD) for each soil was determined by calculating the rate of inhibition of growth replanted apple trees. A high-throughput sequencing analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was used to determine the soil fungal community. A correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the rate of inhibition of apple growth and soil factors. The degree of inhibition of plant growth varied substantially among the 57 soil samples examined. Different perennial tree soils have varying degrees of ARD. There was no significant difference in the composition of fungal community at the phylum level, but the genus level differed substantially. The abundances of Fusarium and Mortierella species and the contents of phloridin in the soil and soil organic matter (SOM) were significantly correlated with ARD severity. Structural equation modeling also emphasized that the degree of occurrence of ARD was directly or indirectly affected by Fusarium, Mortierella, phloridin and SOM. A correlation analysis can only be used as an indicator, and further research is merited to reveal how soil parameters affect ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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110
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Discrepancies in Serology-Based and Nucleic Acid-Based Detection and Quantitation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus in Leaf and Root Tissues from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Peanut Plants. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111476. [PMID: 34832630 PMCID: PMC8624541 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes spotted wilt disease in peanuts. A serological test (DAS-ELISA) is often used to detect TSWV in peanut leaf samples. However, in a few studies, DAS-ELISA detected more TSWV infection in root than leaf samples. It was not clear if the increased detection was due to increased TSWV accumulation in root tissue or merely an overestimation. Additionally, it was unclear if TSWV detection in asymptomatic plants would be affected by the detection technique. TSWV infection in leaf and root tissue from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants was compared via DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR. TSWV incidence did not vary by DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR in leaf and root samples of symptomatic plants or in leaf samples of asymptomatic plants. In contrast, significantly more TSWV infection and virus load were detected in root samples of asymptomatic plants via DAS-ELISA than other techniques suggesting that DAS-ELISA overestimated TSWV incidence and load. TSWV loads from symptomatic plants via RT-qPCR were higher in leaf than root samples, while TSWV loads in leaf and root samples from asymptomatic plants were not different but were lower than those in symptomatic plants. These findings suggested that peanut tissue type and detection technique could affect accurate TSWV detection and/or quantitation.
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111
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Xie J, Dawwam GE, Sehim AE, Li X, Wu J, Chen S, Zhang D. Drought Stress Triggers Shifts in the Root Microbial Community and Alters Functional Categories in the Microbial Gene Pool. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744897. [PMID: 34745045 PMCID: PMC8566882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to crop productivity and causes decreased plant growth, poor yields, and crop failure. Nevertheless, the frequency of droughts is expected to increase in the coming decades. The microbial communities associated with crop plants can influence how plants respond to various stresses; hence, microbiome manipulation is fast becoming an effective strategy for improving the stress tolerance of plants. The effect of drought stress on the root microbiome of perennial woody plants is currently poorly understood. Using Populus trees as a model ecosystem, we found that the diversity of the root microbial community decreased during drought treatment and that compositional shifts in microbes during drought stress were driven by the relative abundances of a large number of dominant phyla, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. A subset of microbes, including Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus arbutinivorans, B. endophyticus, B. megaterium, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium raperi, Trichoderma ghanense, Gongronella butleri, and Rhizopus stolonifer, was isolated from the drought-treated poplar rhizosphere soils, which have potentially beneficial to plant fitness. Further controlled inoculation experiments showed that the isolated bacterial and fungal isolates positively impacted plant growth and drought tolerance. Collectively, our results demonstrate the impact of drought on root microbiome structure and provide a novel example of manipulating root microbiomes to improve plant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ghada E Dawwam
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amira E Sehim
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Xian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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112
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Laloum Y, Gangneux C, Gügi B, Lanoue A, Munsch T, Blum A, Gauthier A, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Laval K, Follet-Gueye ML. Faba bean root exudates alter pea root colonization by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches at early stages of infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111032. [PMID: 34620436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes the pea root rot. We investigated the potential role of early belowground defense in pea (susceptible plant) and faba bean (tolerant plant) at three days after inoculation. Pea and faba bean were inoculated with A. euteiches zoospores. Root colonization was examined. Root exudates from pea and faba bean were harvested and their impact on A. euteiches development were assessed by using in vitro assays. A. euteiches root colonization and the influence of the oomycete inoculation on specialized metabolites patterns and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) concentration of root exudates were also determined. In faba bean root, A. euteiches colonization was very low as compared with that of pea. Whereas infected pea root exudates have a positive chemotaxis index (CI) on zoospores, faba bean exudate CI was negative suggesting a repellent effect. While furanoacetylenic compounds were only detected in faba bean exudates, AGP concentration was specifically increased in pea.This work showed that early in the course of infection, host susceptibility to A. euteiches is involved via a plant-species specific root exudation opening new perspectives in pea root rot disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Laloum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Gangneux
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Blum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Karine Laval
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
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113
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Windisch S, Walter A, Moradtalab N, Walker F, Höglinger B, El-Hasan A, Ludewig U, Neumann G, Grosch R. Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112336. [PMID: 34834699 PMCID: PMC8618419 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne pathogens can severely limit plant productivity. Induced defense responses are plant strategies to counteract pathogen-related damage and yield loss. In this study, we hypothesized that benzoic acid and lettucenin A are involved as defense compounds against Rhizoctonia solani and Olpidium virulentus in lettuce. To address this hypothesis, we conducted growth chamber experiments using hydroponics, peat culture substrate and soil culture in pots and minirhizotrons. Benzoic acid was identified as root exudate released from lettuce plants upon pathogen infection, with pre-accumulation of benzoic acid esters in the root tissue. The amounts were sufficient to inhibit hyphal growth of R. solani in vitro (30%), to mitigate growth retardation (51%) and damage of fine roots (130%) in lettuce plants caused by R. solani, but were not able to overcome plant growth suppression induced by Olpidium infection. Additionally, lettucenin A was identified as major phytoalexin, with local accumulation in affected plant tissues upon infection with pathogens or chemical elicitation (CuSO4) and detected in trace amounts in root exudates. The results suggest a two-stage defense mechanism with pathogen-induced benzoic acid exudation initially located in the rhizosphere followed by accumulation of lettucenin A locally restricted to affected root and leaf tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Windisch
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.W.); (N.M.); (U.L.); (G.N.)
| | - Anja Walter
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.W.); (N.M.); (U.L.); (G.N.)
| | - Narges Moradtalab
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.W.); (N.M.); (U.L.); (G.N.)
| | - Frank Walker
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (F.W.); (B.H.)
| | - Birgit Höglinger
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (F.W.); (B.H.)
| | - Abbas El-Hasan
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.W.); (N.M.); (U.L.); (G.N.)
| | - Günter Neumann
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.W.); (N.M.); (U.L.); (G.N.)
| | - Rita Grosch
- Programme Area Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., 14979 Großbeeren, Germany;
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114
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Visualizing the Hidden Half: Plant-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere. mSystems 2021; 6:e0076521. [PMID: 34519527 PMCID: PMC8547458 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00765-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots and the associated rhizosphere constitute a dynamic environment that fosters numerous intra- and interkingdom interactions, including metabolite exchange between plants and soil mediated by root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome. These interactions affect plant fitness and performance, soil health, and the belowground carbon budget. Exploring and understanding the molecular mechanisms governing ecosystem responses via rhizosphere interactions allow the rational and sustainable design of future ecosystems. However, visualizing the plant root system architecture with spatially resolved root exudate and microbiome profiles along the root in its native state remains an ambitious grand challenge in rhizosphere biology. To address this challenge, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) root cartography platform to accurately visualize molecular and microbial constituents and their interactions in the root-rhizosphere zone.
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115
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Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Tomato: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111673. [PMID: 34828278 PMCID: PMC8624629 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For over a century, breeders have worked to develop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars with resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fol) caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Host resistance is the most effective strategy for the management of this disease. For each of the three Fol races, resistance has been introgressed from wild tomato species, predominately in the form of R genes. The I, I-2, I-3, and I-7 R genes have each been identified, as well as the corresponding Avr effectors in the fungus with the exception of Avr7. The mechanisms by which the R gene protein products recognize these effectors, however, has not been elucidated. Extensive genetic mapping, gene cloning, and genome sequencing efforts support the development of tightly-linked molecular markers, which greatly expedite tomato breeding and the development of elite, Fol resistant cultivars. These resources also provide important tools for pyramiding resistance genes and should support the durability of host resistance.
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116
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Biała-Leonhard W, Zanin L, Gottardi S, de Brito Francisco R, Venuti S, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Bassin B, Martinoia E, Pinton R, Jasiński M, Tomasi N. Identification of an Isoflavonoid Transporter Required for the Nodule Establishment of the Rhizobium- Fabaceae Symbiotic Interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758213. [PMID: 34745190 PMCID: PMC8570342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as well as Phosphorus (P) are key nutrients determining crop productivity. Legumes have developed strategies to overcome nutrient limitation by, for example, forming a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing rhizobia and the release of P-mobilizing exudates and are thus able to grow without supply of N or P fertilizers. The legume-rhizobial symbiosis starts with root release of isoflavonoids that act as signaling molecules perceived by compatible bacteria. Subsequently, bacteria release nod factors, which induce signaling cascades allowing the formation of functional N-fixing nodules. We report here the identification and functional characterization of a plasma membrane-localized MATE-type transporter (LaMATE2) involved in the release of genistein from white lupin roots. The LaMATE2 expression in the root is upregulated under N deficiency as well as low phosphate availability, two nutritional deficiencies that induce the release of this isoflavonoid. LaMATE2 silencing reduced genistein efflux and even more the formation of symbiotic nodules, supporting the crucial role of LaMATE2 in isoflavonoid release and nodulation. Furthermore, silencing of LaMATE2 limited the P-solubilization activity of lupin root exudates. Transport assays in yeast vesicles demonstrated that LaMATE2 acts as a proton-driven isoflavonoid transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Biała-Leonhard
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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117
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Li N, Zhang Z, Gao S, Lv Y, Chen Z, Cao B, Xu K. Different responses of two Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) cultivars in photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure to salt and alkali stress. PLANTA 2021; 254:102. [PMID: 34671899 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salt and alkali stress affected the photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese cabbages. A salt-tolerant cultivar maintained its tolerance by ensuring the high ability of photosynthesis. The synthesis of organic acids and carbohydrates in leaves played important roles in improving the photosynthetic capacity of alkali-tolerant plants. Soil salinization has become an increasingly serious ecological problem, which limits the quality and yield of crops. As an important economic vegetable in winter, however, little is known about the response of Chinese cabbage to salt, alkali and salt-alkali stress in photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure. Thus, two Chinese cabbage cultivars, 'Qinghua' (salt-tolerant-alkali-sensitive) and 'Biyu' (salt-sensitive-alkali-tolerant) were investigated under stresses to clarify the similarities and differences between salt tolerance and alkali tolerance pathways in Chinese cabbage. We found that the root of Qinghua, the leaf ultrastructure and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) were not affected by salt stress. However, Biyu was seriously affected under salt stress. Its growth indexes decreased by between 60 and 30% compared with the control and the photosynthetic indexes were also seriously affected under salt stress. This indicated that the salt-tolerant cultivar Qinghua improved the photosynthetic fluorescence ability to promote the synthesis of organic matter resulting in salt tolerance. In contrast, under alkali treatment, the root of Biyu was affected by alkali stress, but could still maintain good growth, and root and leaf structure were not seriously affected and could maintain the normal operations. Biyu improved its tolerance by improving the water use efficiency, regulating the synthesis of organic acids and carbohydrates, ensuring the synthesis of organic matter and ensured the normal growth of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhihuan Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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118
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Yang Z, Jin Y, Hou F, Bowatte S. Soil microbial and chemical responses to foliar Epichloë fungal infection in Lolium perenne, Hordeum brevisubulatum and Achnatherum inebrians. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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119
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Sun H, Jiang S, Jiang C, Wu C, Gao M, Wang Q. A review of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiome for crop production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54497-54510. [PMID: 34431053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields and ensuring food security is a major global challenge. In order to increase crop production, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are excessively used. However, the significance of root exudates is understudied. Beneficial interactions between plant and rhizosphere microbiome are critical for plant fitness and health. In this review, we discuss the application and progress of current research methods and technologies in terms of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiome. We summarize how root exudates promote plant access to nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron, and how root exudates strengthen plant immunity to cope with biotic stress by regulating the rhizosphere microbiome, and thereby reducing dependence on fertilizers and pesticides. Optimizing these interactions to increase plant nutrient uptake and resistance to biotic stresses offers one of the few untapped opportunities to confront sustainability issues in food security. To overcome the limitations of current research, combination of multi-omics, imaging technology together with synthetic communities has the potential to uncover the interaction mechanisms and to fill the knowledge gap for their applications in agriculture to achieve sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, China.
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120
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Kang S, Lumactud R, Li N, Bell TH, Kim HS, Park SY, Lee YH. Harnessing Chemical Ecology for Environment-Friendly Crop Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1697-1710. [PMID: 33908803 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-21-0035-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides for crop protection has become increasingly unsustainable, calling for robust alternative strategies that do not degrade the environment and vital ecosystem services. There are numerous reports of successful disease control by various microbes used in small-scale trials. However, inconsistent efficacy has hampered their large-scale application. A better understanding of how beneficial microbes interact with plants, other microbes, and the environment and which factors affect disease control efficacy is crucial to deploy microbial agents as effective and reliable pesticide alternatives. Diverse metabolites produced by plants and microbes participate in pathogenesis and defense, regulate the growth and development of themselves and neighboring organisms, help maintain cellular homeostasis under various environmental conditions, and affect the assembly and activity of plant and soil microbiomes. However, research on the metabolites associated with plant health-related processes, except antibiotics, has not received adequate attention. This review highlights several classes of metabolites known or suspected to affect plant health, focusing on those associated with biocontrol and belowground plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. The review also describes how new insights from systematic explorations of the diversity and mechanism of action of bioactive metabolites can be harnessed to develop novel crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Rhea Lumactud
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Ningxiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Terrence H Bell
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Tan L, Zeng WA, Xiao Y, Li P, Gu S, Wu S, Zhai Z, Feng K, Deng Y, Hu Q. Fungi-Bacteria Associations in Wilt Diseased Rhizosphere and Endosphere by Interdomain Ecological Network Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722626. [PMID: 34552573 PMCID: PMC8450586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the plant rhizosphere and endosphere, some fungal and bacterial species regularly co-exist, however, our knowledge about their co-existence patterns is quite limited, especially during invasion by bacterial wilt pathogens. In this study, the fungal communities from soil to endophytic compartments were surveyed during an outbreak of tobacco wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. It was found that the stem endophytic fungal community was significantly altered by pathogen invasion in terms of community diversity, structure, and composition. The associations among fungal species in the rhizosphere and endosphere infected by R. solanacearum showed more complex network structures than those of healthy plants. By integrating the bacterial dataset, associations between fungi and bacteria were inferred by Inter-Domain Ecological Network (IDEN) approach. It also revealed that infected samples, including both the rhizosphere and endosphere, had more complex interdomain networks than the corresponding healthy samples. Additionally, the bacterial wilt pathogenic Ralstonia members were identified as the keystone genus within the IDENs of both root and stem endophytic compartments. Ralstonia members was negatively correlated with the fungal genera Phoma, Gibberella, and Alternaria in infected roots, as well as Phoma, Gibberella, and Diaporthe in infected stems. This suggested that those endophytic fungi may play an important role in resisting the invasion of R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ai Zeng
- Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yansong Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | | | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulong Hu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Wang X, Hou JW, Liu WR, Bao J. Plant-microbial remediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:925-931. [PMID: 34558375 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1977570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern agriculture, the pollution caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become a serious problem, posing a threat to human health and the living environment. The remediation of plant microorganisms has been seen as an economical, effective, and eco-friendly method of cleaning up soils contaminated with organophosphorus pesticides. In this study, white-rot fungi were immobilized by adsorption method, a plant-microbial remediation met was established. The data results show that after 30 days, the combined remediation system for corn microbes increased the rate of chlorpyrifos degradation by 18% compared to the single remediation of the plant, and the rate of combined remediation of ryegrass microbes increased by 23%. The effect of CPF content in soil on the combined remediation is mainly reflected in the significant difference in the number of microorganisms (P < 0.05). In this article, plant-microbial remediation were applied to soil contaminated by CPF, which provides a new idea for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. Combined bioremediation may be a better alternative to mitigate the impact of high pollution on microorganisms at different pollutant concentrations compared to single microbial remediation or phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia-Wen Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Rui Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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123
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Engelbrecht G, Claassens S, Mienie CMS, Fourie H. Screening of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Nematode Populations Associated with Soybean Roots in the Mpumalanga Highveld of South Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091813. [PMID: 34576709 PMCID: PMC8469482 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is among South Africa’s top crops in terms of production figures. Over the past few years there has been increasingly more damage caused to local soybean by plant-parasitic nematode infections. The presence of Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) and Pratylenchus spp. (root lesion nematodes) in soybean fields can cripple the country’s production, however, little is known about the soil microbial communities associated with soybean in relation to different levels of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus infestations, as well as the interaction(s) between them. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the nematode population assemblages and endemic rhizosphere bacteria associated with soybean using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The abundance of bacterial genera that were then identified as being significant using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) was compared to the abundance of the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode genera found across all sampled sites, viz. Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus. While several bacterial genera were identified as significant using LEfSe, only two with increased abundance were associated with decreased abundance of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus. However, six bacterial genera were associated with decreased Pratylenchus abundance. It is therefore possible that endemic bacterial strains can serve as an alternative method for reducing densities of plant-parasitic nematode genera and in this way reduce the damages caused to this economically important crop.
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124
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Zhang M, Cai Z, Zhang G, Zhang D, Pan X. Abiotic mechanism changing tetracycline resistance in root mucus layer of floating plant: The role of antibiotic-exudate complexation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125728. [PMID: 33813291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination and antibiotic resistance have caused growing concerns in different aquatic environments. This work investigated the complexation between tetracycline chloride (TCH) and the molecular weight (MW)-fractionated root exudates - the key abiotic mechanism impacting antibiotic fate and antibiotic resistance in rhizosphere. Results show that the affinity of TCH to the high MW exudates (≥10 kDa) facilitated the TCH deposition on roots and meanwhile reinforced the expression of certain tetracycline resistance genes (i.e. tetA) and the growth of tetracycline resistant bacteria. The interaction between TCH and the lower MW exudates (<10 kDa) completely inhibited the bacteria growth even below the minimum inhibitory concentration of TCH. In microcosms, the abiotic interaction between TCH and root exudates made effects along with biotic processes. Persistent TCH stimulation (≥50 µg/L, 7 d) induced the change of tet gene abundance and bacteria phyla composition though the mediation of root exudates made the rhizosphere less sensitive to the TCH stress. Summarily, the affinity of antibiotics to root exudates varied with MWs, which was closely related to (i) the antibiotic fate in the root mucus layer, (ii) the bacteria inhibition capacity of antibiotics, and (iii) the antibiotic resistance and bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongxia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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125
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Li S, Pi J, Zhu H, Yang L, Zhang X, Ding W. Caffeic Acid in Tobacco Root Exudate Defends Tobacco Plants From Infection by Ralstonia solanacearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690586. [PMID: 34456935 PMCID: PMC8387680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In rhizospheres, chemical barrier-forming natural compounds play a key role in preventing pathogenic bacteria from infecting plant roots. Here, we sought to identify specific phenolic exudates in tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) plants infected by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that may exhibit antibacterial activity and promote plant resistance against pathogens. Among detected phenolic acids, only caffeic acid was significantly induced in infected plants by R. solanacearum relative to healthy plants, and the concentration of caffeic acid reached 1.95 μg/mL. In vivo, caffeic acid at 200 μg/mL was highly active against R. solanacearum and obviously damaged the membrane structure of the R. solanacearum cells, resulting in the thinning of the cell membrane and irregular cavities in cells. Moreover, caffeic acid significantly inhibited biofilm formation by repressing the expression of the lecM and epsE genes. In vitro, caffeic acid could effectively activate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) and promote the accumulation of lignin and hydroxyproline. In pot and field experiments, exogenous applications of caffeic acid significantly reduced and delayed the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt. Taken together, all these results suggest that caffeic acid played a crucial role in defending against R. solanacearum infection and was a potential and effective antibacterial agent for controlling bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Li
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Pi
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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126
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Yukun G, Jianghui C, Genzeng R, Shilin W, Puyuan Y, Congpei Y, Hongkai L, Jinhua C. Changes in the root-associated bacteria of sorghum are driven by the combined effects of salt and sorghum development. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 34380546 PMCID: PMC8356455 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-021-00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum is an important food staple in the developing world, with the capacity to grow under severe conditions such as salinity, drought, and a limited nutrient supply. As a serious environmental stress, soil salinization can change the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and induce a series of harm to crops. And the change of rhizospheric microbes play an important role in the response of plants to salt stress. However, the effect of salt stress on the root bacteria of sorghum and interactions between bacteria and sorghum remains poorly understood. RESULTS The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of salt stress on sorghum growth performance and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Statistical analysis confirmed that low high concentration stress depressed sorghum growth. Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community predominantly consisted of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in sorghum rhizosphere soil. Low salt stress suppressed the development of bacterial diversity less than high salt stress in both bulk soil and planted sorghum soil. Different sorghum development stages in soils with different salt concentrations enriched distinctly different members of the root bacteria. No obviously different effect on bacterial diversity were tested by PERMANOVA analysis between different varieties, but interactions between salt and growth and between salt and variety were detected. The roots of sorghum exuded phenolic compounds that differed among the different varieties and had a significant relationship with rhizospheric bacterial diversity. These results demonstrated that salt and sorghum planting play important roles in restructuring the bacteria in rhizospheric soil. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we found that salt variability and planting are key factors in shifting bacterial diversity and community. In comparison to bulk soils, soils under planting sorghum with different salt stress levels had a characteristic bacterial environment. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Different sorghum variety with different salt tolerance levels had different responses to salt stress by regulating root exudation. Soil bacterial community responses to salinity and exotic plants could potentially impact the microenvironment to help plants overcome external stressors and promote sorghum growth. While this study observed bacterial responses to combined effects of salt and sorghum development, future studies are needed to understand the interaction among bacteria communities, salinity, and sorghum growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yukun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Cui Jianghui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Ren Genzeng
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Wei Shilin
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Yang Puyuan
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Yin Congpei
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Liang Hongkai
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Chang Jinhua
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Northern China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, No. 2596 LeKai South Street, Baoding, Hebei China
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127
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Lal SK, Bishi SK, Singh AK. Phytohormone signalling and cross-talk to alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1331-1343. [PMID: 34086069 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most abundant metals in earth crust, which becomes toxic to the plants growing in acidic soil. Phytohormones like ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are known to play important role in regulating Al toxicity tolerance in plants. Exogenous applications of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid have shown significant effect on Al-induced root growth inhibition. Moreover, ethylene and cytokinin act synergistically with auxin in responding against Al toxicity. A number of studies showed that phytohormones play vital roles in controlling root responses to Al toxicity by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, cell wall modifications, organic acid exudation from roots and expression of Al responsive genes and transcription factors. This review provides a summary of recent studies related to involvement of phytohormone signalling and cross-talk with other pathways in regulating response against Al toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bishi
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
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128
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Matus-Acuña V, Caballero-Flores G, Martínez-Romero E. The influence of maize genotype on the rhizosphere eukaryotic community. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6261178. [PMID: 33930111 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota colonizing the rhizosphere contributes to plant growth, productivity, carbon sequestration and phytoremediation. Several studies address plant-associated bacteria; however, few studies analyze the effect of plant genotype on the eukaryotic community. Here, we analyzed the eukaryotic composition of maize rhizosphere from three different plant landraces and one inbred line grown in the same soil (common garden approach). This experimental design, coupled with 18S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing, allowed us to test the influence of maize and its genotype on the rhizosphere's eukaryotic community. We found that plant growth modified the eukaryotic community in soil, as diversity comparisons between maize rhizosphere and unplanted soil revealed significantly different eukaryotic composition. Various genera of nematodes and fungi, predominantly bacterial feeding nematodes and mycorrhizal fungi among other taxa, were increased in the rhizosphere samples. We also observed that maize genotype differentially shaped the relative abundance of the following fungal families in the rhizosphere: Acaulosporaceae, Aspergillaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Corticiaceae, Mortierellaceae, Trichocomaceae and Trichomeriaceae. Thus, plant genotype has a selective influence on establishing fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated consideration of plant genetics for future agricultural applications of microbes to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Matus-Acuña
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Caballero-Flores
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
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129
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Singh A, Dilkes B, Sela H, Tzin V. The Effectiveness of Physical and Chemical Defense Responses of Wild Emmer Wheat Against Aphids Depends on Leaf Position and Genotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667820. [PMID: 34262579 PMCID: PMC8273356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) is one of the most destructive insect pests in wheat production. To reduce aphid damage, wheat plants have evolved various chemical and physical defense mechanisms. Although these mechanisms have been frequently reported, much less is known about their effectiveness. The tetraploid wild emmer wheat (WEW; Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), one of the progenitors of domesticated wheat, possesses untapped resources from its numerous desirable traits, including insect resistance. The goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of trichomes (physical defense) and benzoxazinoids (BXDs; chemical defense) in aphid resistance by exploiting the natural diversity of WEW. We integrated a large dataset composed of trichome density and BXD abundance across wheat genotypes, different leaf positions, conditions (constitutive and aphid-induced), and tissues (whole leaf and phloem sap). First, we evaluated aphid reproduction on 203 wheat accessions and found large variation in this trait. Then, we chose eight WEW genotypes and one domesticated durum wheat cultivar for detailed quantification of the defense mechanisms across three leaves. We discovered that these defense mechanisms are influenced by both leaf position and genotype, where aphid reproduction was the highest on leaf-1 (the oldest), and trichome density was the lowest. We compared the changes in trichome density and BXD levels upon aphid infestation and found only minor changes relative to untreated plants. This suggests that the defense mechanisms in the whole leaf are primarily anticipatory and unlikely to contribute to aphid-induced defense. Next, we quantified BXD levels in the phloem sap and detected a significant induction of two compounds upon aphid infestation. Moreover, evaluating aphid feeding patterns showed that aphids prefer to feed on the oldest leaf. These findings revealed the dynamic response at the whole leaf and phloem levels that altered aphid feeding and reproduction. Overall, they suggested that trichomes and the BXD 2,4-dihydroxy-7- methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) levels are the main factors determining aphid resistance, while trichomes are more effective than BXDs. Accessions from the WEW germplasm, rich with trichomes and BXDs, can be used as new genetic sources to improve the resistance of elite wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Singh
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Brian Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hanan Sela
- The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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130
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Qu Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Cui H, Zhao Q, Liu W, Lu T, Qian H. Effects of S-metolachlor on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125137. [PMID: 33858101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
S-metolachlor (S-ME) is a common chloroacetanilide herbicide. Here, we investigated the effects of S-ME on wheat seedling growth and explored via metabolomics the driver through which S-ME changes the rhizosphere microbiome. The results indicated that 4 mg/kg S-ME had a strong inhibitory effect on plant growth by inducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. The richness of the rhizosphere microbiome markedly decreased after S-ME treatment, although the abundance of some potential beneficial rhizobacteria, such as Rhizobiaceae and Burkholderiaceae, increased suggesting that plants recruited potential beneficial microorganisms to resist S-ME-induced stress. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Rhizobiaceae and Burkholderiaceae were positively correlated with organic acids secreted by plants after S-ME treatment, implying that potential beneficial microorganisms may be attracted mainly by organic acids. Our results demonstrated the phytotoxicity of S-ME on crop growth and indicated both that S-ME could influence rhizosphere microorganism abundance and that recruitment of potential beneficial microorganisms could be the result of root exudate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Hengzheng Cui
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Qianqiu Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Wanyue Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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131
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Wu AL, Jiao XY, Wang JS, Dong EW, Guo J, Wang LG, Sun AQ, Hu HW. Sorghum rhizosphere effects reduced soil bacterial diversity by recruiting specific bacterial species under low nitrogen stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144742. [PMID: 33736399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiota play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth and defending against pathogens, but their responses to abiotic environmental stress remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the influences of low-N stress on rhizosphere bacteria of six sorghum cultivars in a glasshouse experiment. The alpha diversity of bacteria (as revealed by Shannon diversity and Chao1 richness indices) was remarkably lower in rhizosphere soils than in bulk soils, and was significantly higher under low-N stress than under N addition. Principal coordinates analysis revealed that the bacterial community compositions in rhizosphere soils were clearly separated from bulk soils, and the rhizosphere soils under low-N stress or with N fertilization were clearly separated, indicating that both rhizosphere effects and N fertilization impacted the rhizosphere bacterial community. Notably, the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillaceae and Streptomycetaceae significantly increased in rhizosphere soils under low-N stress, which had significantly positive correlations with the sorghum N uptake. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae in rhizosphere soils was significantly lower than that in bulk soils, while the relative abundance of Rhizobiaceae showed an opposite pattern. Taken together, our results suggested that sorghum rhizosphere effects can reduce soil bacterial diversity possibly through recruiting specific bacterial species under low N stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Lian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Jin-Song Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Er-Wei Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jun Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Li-Ge Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - An-Qi Sun
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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132
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Root endophyte-enhanced peanut-rhizobia interaction is associated with regulation of root exudates. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126765. [PMID: 34049186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Root exudates play a crucial role in the symbiosis between leguminous plants and rhizobia. Our previous studies have shown that a fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris promotes peanut-rhizobia nodulation and nitrogen fixation, but the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. Here, we explore the role of peanut root exudates in Ph. liquidambaris-mediated nodulation enhancement. We first collected root exudates from Ph. liquidambaris-inoculated and un-inoculated peanuts and determined their effects on rhizobial growth, biofilm formation, chemotaxis, nodC gene expression, and peanut nodulation. Our results found a positive effect of Ph. liquidambaris-inoculated root exudates on these characteristics of rhizobia. Next, we compared the root exudates profile of Ph. liquidambaris-inoculated and un-inoculated plants and found that Ph. liquidambaris altered the concentrations of phenolic acids, flavonoids, organic acids and amino acids in root exudates. Furthermore, the rhizobial chemotaxis, growth and biofilm formation in response to the changed compounds at different concentrations showed that all of the test compounds induced rhizobial chemotactic behavior, and organic acids (citric acid and oxalic acid) and amino acid (glutamate, glycine and glutamine) at higher concentrations increased rhizobial growth and biofilm formation. Collectively, our results suggest that root exudates alterations contribute to Ph. liquidambaris-mediated peanut-rhizobia nodulation enhancement.
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133
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Wang NQ, Kong CH, Wang P, Meiners SJ. Root exudate signals in plant-plant interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1044-1058. [PMID: 32931018 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant-to-plant signalling is a key mediator of interactions among plant species. Plants can perceive and respond to chemical cues emitted from their neighbours, altering survival and performance, impacting plant coexistence and community assembly. An increasing number of studies indicate root exudates as key players in plant-to-plant signalling. Root exudates mediate root detection and behaviour, kin recognition, flowering and production, driving inter- and intra-specific facilitation in cropping systems and mixed-species plantations. Altered interactions may be attributed to the signalling components within root exudates. Root ethylene, strigolactones, jasmonic acid, (-)-loliolide and allantoin are signalling chemicals that convey information on local conditions in plant-plant interactions. These root-secreted signalling chemicals appear ubiquitous in plants and trigger a series of belowground responses inter- and intra-specifically, involving molecular events in biosynthesis, secretion and action. The secretion of root signals, mainly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters, is critical. Root-secreted signalling chemicals and their molecular mechanisms are rapidly revealing a multitude of fascinating plant-plant interactions. However, many root signals, particularly species-specific signals and their underlying mechanisms, remain to be uncovered due to methodological limitations and root-soil interactions. A thorough understanding of root-secreted chemical signals and their mechanisms will offer many ecological implications and potential applications for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, USA
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134
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Kumar A, Subrahmanyam G, Mondal R, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Shabnam AA, Jigyasu DK, Malyan SK, Fagodiya RK, Khan SA, Kumar A, Yu ZG. Bio-remediation approaches for alleviation of cadmium contamination in natural resources. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128855. [PMID: 33199107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause potent environmental and health hazards at different trophic levels through food chain. Cd is relatively non-biodegradable and persists for a long time in the environment. Considering the potential toxicity and non-biodegradability of Cd in the environment as well as its health hazards, this is an urgent issue of international concern that needs to be addressed by implicating suitable remedial approaches. The current article specifically attempts to review the different biological approaches for remediation of Cd contamination in natural resources. Further, bioremediation mechanisms of Cd by microbes such as bacteria, fungi, algae are comprehensively discussed. Studies indicate that heavy metal resistant microbes can be used as suitable biosorbents for the removal of Cd (up to 90%) in the natural resources. Soil-to-plant transfer coefficient (TC) of Cd ranges from 3.9 to 3340 depending on the availability of metal to plants and also on the type of plant species. The potential phytoremediation strategies for Cd removal and the key factors influencing bioremediation process are also emphasized. Studies on molecular mechanisms of transgenic plants for Cd bioremediation show immense potential for enhancing Cd phytoremediation efficiency. Thus, it is suggested that nano-technological based integrated bioremediation approaches could be a potential futuristic path for Cd decontamination in natural resources. This review would be highly useful for the biologists, chemists, biotechnologists and environmentalists to understand the long-term impacts of Cd on ecology and human health so that potential remedial measures could be taken in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China.
| | - Gangavarapu Subrahmanyam
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India.
| | - Raju Mondal
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC), Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, 635109, India.
| | - M M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Aftab A Shabnam
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India.
| | - Dharmendra K Jigyasu
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India.
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Jalvigyan Bhawan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Ram Kishor Fagodiya
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Shakeel A Khan
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India.
| | - Zhi-Guo Yu
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China.
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135
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Methods for Root Exudate Collection and Analysis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2232:291-303. [PMID: 33161555 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1040-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant root exudation has long been recognized as a vital communication system between plants and microbial communities populating the rhizosphere. Due to the high complexity of the collection process and analysis, a variety of techniques have been developed to mimic natural exudation conditions. In addition, significant progress improving existing techniques and developing new methodologies of root exudate collection and analysis have been made. However, optimal standard methods that compare closely with environmental soil conditions are not yet available. In this review, we provide an overview of all those topics and provide suggestions for improvement.
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136
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Park YS, Ryu CM. Understanding Plant Social Networking System: Avoiding Deleterious Microbiota but Calling Beneficials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073319. [PMID: 33805032 PMCID: PMC8037233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant association with microorganisms elicits dramatic effects on the local phytobiome and often causes systemic and transgenerational modulation on plant immunity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. Previously, we introduced the concept of the plant social networking system (pSNS) to highlight the active involvement of plants in the recruitment of potentially beneficial microbiota upon exposure to insects and pathogens. Microbial association stimulates the physiological responses of plants and induces the development of their immune mechanisms while interacting with multiple enemies. Thus, beneficial microbes serve as important mediators of interactions among multiple members of the multitrophic, microscopic and macroscopic communities. In this review, we classify the steps of pSNS such as elicitation, signaling, secreting root exudates, and plant protection; summarize, with evidence, how plants and beneficial microbes communicate with each other; and also discuss how the molecular mechanisms underlying this communication are induced in plants exposed to natural enemies. Collectively, the pSNS modulates robustness of plant physiology and immunity and promotes survival potential by helping plants to overcome the environmental and biological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) KRIBB School, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
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137
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Tsai YH, Mengesha NM, Liu PF. Identify the interactions between phytochemicals and proteins in the complicated food matrix. Food Chem 2021; 356:129641. [PMID: 33819786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals usually mix with food proteins in our regular diet. Unexpected interactions may lead to changes in bioaccessibility, bioactivity, and bioavailability of phytochemicals. However, our understanding of these interactions between phytochemical and food proteins is limited because of the experimental restrictions. Here, we used pulse-proteolysis to conduct the unfolding equilibrium and dose-dependent experiments on the food proteins for the first time. The interaction between epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caseins was identified in the complicated food matrix, whole milk. Another food proteome, soymilk, was also optimized for identifying the binding targets of EGCG and caffeine. Among the identified interactions, the mixing of milk with coffee generates the most prominent masking effect of 46.61 ± 3.86% relative to the calculated antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrated that pulse proteolysis is applicable for identifying the interactions between phytochemicals and proteins in the complicated food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nakachew Minuye Mengesha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fen Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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138
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Bonkowski M, Tarkka M, Razavi BS, Schmidt H, Blagodatskaya E, Koller R, Yu P, Knief C, Hochholdinger F, Vetterlein D. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Root Growth and Its Potential Consequences for the Assembly of the Rhizosphere Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619499. [PMID: 33815308 PMCID: PMC8010349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that plants selectively recruit microbes from the soil to establish a complex, yet stable and quite predictable microbial community on their roots – their “microbiome.” Microbiome assembly is considered as a key process in the self-organization of root systems. A fundamental question for understanding plant-microbe relationships is where a predictable microbiome is formed along the root axis and through which microbial dynamics the stable formation of a microbiome is challenged. Using maize as a model species for which numerous data on dynamic root traits are available, this mini-review aims to give an integrative overview on the dynamic nature of root growth and its consequences for microbiome assembly based on theoretical considerations from microbial community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bahar S Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,Soil Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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139
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Chen L, Ma Q, Liu H, Bian L, Wang X, Liu Y. Reduced Root Secretion of Valine in Rosa-Microbe Interaction Contributes to the Decreased Colonization of Pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:599-606. [PMID: 32840433 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1179-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates play a critical role in root-microbe interactions. Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in multiple plant species, but rose root exudate-mediated inhibition of Agrobacterium in the rhizosphere is poorly understood. In this study, the influence of preinoculation with beneficial bacteria or pathogens on root exudates and subsequent colonization by A. tumefaciens was investigated in a split-root system. We found that preinoculation of rose plants in a split-root system with Bacillus velezensis CLA178 or A. tumefaciens C58 inhibited subsequent colonization by C58. Root secretion of valine had positive effects on the chemotaxis, biofilm formation, colonization of C58, and crown gall disease severity, but valine secretion decreased significantly when Rosa multiflora plants were preinoculated with CLA178 or C58. These results indicated that rose plants reduced root secretion of valine in response to microbial colonization, thereby reducing the colonization of Agrobacterium colonization and disease severity. This study provides new insights into the root exudate-mediated interactions of rose plants, B. velezensis, and A. tumefaciens and proposes a potential way to control crown gall disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusen Bian
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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140
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van den Berg N, Swart V, Backer R, Fick A, Wienk R, Engelbrecht J, Prabhu SA. Advances in Understanding Defense Mechanisms in Persea americana Against Phytophthora cinnamomi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636339. [PMID: 33747014 PMCID: PMC7971113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) is an economically important fruit crop world-wide, the production of which is challenged by notable root pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rosellinia necatrix. Arguably the most prevalent, P. cinnamomi, is a hemibiotrophic oomycete which causes Phytophthora root rot, leading to reduced yields and eventual tree death. Despite its' importance, the development of molecular tools and resources have been historically limited, prohibiting significant progress toward understanding this important host-pathogen interaction. The development of a nested qPCR assay capable of quantifying P. cinnamomi during avocado infection has enabled us to distinguish avocado rootstocks as either resistant or tolerant - an important distinction when unraveling the defense response. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge on the molecular defense pathways utilized in resistant avocado rootstock against P. cinnamomi. Notably, avocado demonstrates a biphasic phytohormone profile in response to P. cinnamomi infection which allows for the timely expression of pathogenesis-related genes via the NPR1 defense response pathway. Cell wall modification via callose deposition and lignification have also been implicated in the resistant response. Recent advances such as composite plant transformation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses as well as genomics and transcriptomics will complement existing molecular, histological, and biochemical assay studies and further elucidate avocado defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlani van den Berg
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert Backer
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alicia Fick
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Raven Wienk
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juanita Engelbrecht
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S. Ashok Prabhu
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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141
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Li X, Zhang M, Li Y, Yu X, Nie J. Effect of neonicotinoid dinotefuran on root exudates of Brassica rapa var. chinensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129020. [PMID: 33248730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates are released by plant roots and are important carrier substances for material exchange and information transmission among plants and the rhizosphere. In the present study, the effect of dinotefuran on root exudates of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) was investigated. The physiological activities revealed that dinotefuran uptake caused oxidative stress in vegetable tissues even at low dinotefuran exposure levels. The metabolic profile of plant root exudates acquired by LC-QTOF/MS was clearly changed by dinotefuran, where the numbers of both up- and down-regulated MS peaks increased with increasing dinotefuran concentration. Under dinotefuran stress, some osmotic adjustment substances (proline and betaine) and defence-related metabolites (spermidine, phenylalanine and some phenolic acids) were significantly upregulated, which may help plants adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Specifically, the contents of some phenylalanine-derived secondary metabolites increased with increasing dinotefuran concentration, which may increase the external detoxification ability of plants. Moreover, respiration metabolism was significantly affected, where some intermediates in the TCA cycle (succinic acid and malic acid) were upregulated with low-level dinotefuran exposure; however, anaerobic respiration products (lactic acid and 3-phenyllactic acid) were accumulated at high exposure levels. In addition, the release of glucosinolates was significantly inhibited in both dinotefuran treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Zhenjiang City University Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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142
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Rüger L, Feng K, Dumack K, Freudenthal J, Chen Y, Sun R, Wilson M, Yu P, Sun B, Deng Y, Hochholdinger F, Vetterlein D, Bonkowski M. Assembly Patterns of the Rhizosphere Microbiome Along the Longitudinal Root Axis of Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:614501. [PMID: 33643242 PMCID: PMC7906986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is by now well proven that different plant species within their specific root systems select for distinct subsets of microbiota from bulk soil - their individual rhizosphere microbiomes. In maize, root growth advances several centimeters each day, with the locations, quality and quantity of rhizodeposition changing. We investigated the assembly of communities of prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria) and their protistan predators (Cercozoa, Rhizaria) along the longitudinal root axis of maize (Zea mays L.). We grew maize plants in an agricultural loamy soil and sampled rhizosphere soil at distinct locations along maize roots. We applied high-throughput sequencing, followed by diversity and network analyses in order to track changes in relative abundances, diversity and co-occurrence of rhizosphere microbiota along the root axis. Apart from a reduction of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and a strong shift in community composition between bulk soil and root tips, patterns of microbial community assembly along maize-roots were more complex than expected. High variation in beta diversity at root tips and the root hair zone indicated substantial randomness of community assembly. Root hair zone communities were characterized by massive co-occurrence of microbial taxa, likely fueled by abundant resource supply from rhizodeposition. Further up the root where lateral roots emerged processes of community assembly appeared to be more deterministic (e.g., through competition and predation). This shift toward significance of deterministic processes was revealed by low variability of beta diversity, changes in network topology, and the appearance of regular phylogenetic co-occurrence patterns in bipartite networks between prokaryotes and their potential protistan predators. Such patterns were strongest in regions with fully developed laterals, suggesting that a consistent rhizosphere microbiome finally assembled. For the targeted improvement of microbiome function, such knowledge on the processes of microbiome assembly on roots and its temporal and spatial variability is crucially important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioba Rüger
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jule Freudenthal
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- Microbial Ecology Lab, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Monica Wilson
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bo Sun
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Soil Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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143
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Han X, Zhang Z, Ma X, Li J. Potentilla anserina L. developmental changes affect the rhizosphere prokaryotic community. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2838. [PMID: 33531629 PMCID: PMC7854623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots and soil prokaryotes primarily interact with each other in the rhizosphere. Changes in the rhizosphere prokaryotic structure are influenced by several factors. In this study, the community structure of the Potentilla anserina L. rhizosphere prokaryotes was identified and evaluated by high-throughput sequencing technology in different continuous cropping fields and developmental stages of the plant. In total, 2 archaeal (Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota) and 26 bacterial phyla were identified in the P. anserina rhizosphere. The bacterial community was mainly composed of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Moreover, the prokaryotic community structure of the rhizosphere varied significantly during plant development. Our results provide new insights into the dynamics of the P. anserina rhizosphere prokaryotic community and may provide useful information for enhancing the growth and development of P. anserina through artificial control of the soil prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China. .,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants, Xining, 810007, China. .,Qinghai Provincial Biotechnology and Analytical Test Key Laboratory, Tibetan Plateau Juema Research Centre, Xining, 810007, China.
| | - Yuxi Liu
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Junqiao Li
- School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China. .,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants, Xining, 810007, China. .,Qinghai Provincial Biotechnology and Analytical Test Key Laboratory, Tibetan Plateau Juema Research Centre, Xining, 810007, China.
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144
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Tajima R. Importance of individual root traits to understand crop root system in agronomic and environmental contexts. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:13-19. [PMID: 33762872 PMCID: PMC7973490 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Resource acquisition, one of the major functions of roots, can contribute to crop growth and mitigating environmental impacts. The spatio-temporal distribution of roots in the soil in relation to the dynamics of the soil resources is critical in resource acquisition. Root distribution is determined by root system development. The root system consists of many individual roots of different types and ages. Each individual root has specific development, resource acquisition, and transport traits, which change with root growth. The integration of individual root traits in the root system could exhibit crop performance in the various environments via root distribution in the soil. However, the relationship between individual root traits and the pattern of root distribution is complicated. To understand this complicated relationship, we need to evaluate enormous numbers of individual root traits and understand the relationship between individual root development and root distribution as well as the integrated functions of individual root traits along with dynamics of resources in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tajima
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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145
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Leachates from plants recently infected by root-feeding nematodes cause increased biomass allocation to roots in neighbouring plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2347. [PMID: 33504859 PMCID: PMC7840926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can adjust defence strategies in response to signals from neighbouring plants attacked by aboveground herbivores. Whether similar responses exist to belowground herbivory remains less studied, particularly regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of such belowground signalling. We grew the grass Agrostis stolonifera with or without root-feeding nematodes (Meloidogyne minor). Leachates were extracted at different distances from these plants and at different times after inoculation. The leachates were applied to receiver A. stolonifera plants, of which root, shoot, and total biomass, root/shoot ratio, shoot height, shoot branch number, maximum rooting depth and root number were measured 3 weeks after leachate application. Receiver plants allocated significantly more biomass to roots when treated with leachates from nematode-inoculated plants at early infection stages. However, receiver plants’ root/shoot ratio was similar when receiving leachates collected at later stages from nematode-infected or control plants. Overall, early-collected leachates reduced growth of receiver plants significantly. Plants recently infected by root-feeding nematodes can thus induce increased root proliferation of neighbouring plants through root-derived compounds. Possible explanations for this response include a better tolerance of anticipated root damage by nematodes or the ability to grow roots away from the nematode-infected soil. Further investigations are still needed to identify the exact mechanisms.
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146
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Windisch S, Sommermann L, Babin D, Chowdhury SP, Grosch R, Moradtalab N, Walker F, Höglinger B, El-Hasan A, Armbruster W, Nesme J, Sørensen SJ, Schellenberg I, Geistlinger J, Smalla K, Rothballer M, Ludewig U, Neumann G. Impact of Long-Term Organic and Mineral Fertilization on Rhizosphere Metabolites, Root-Microbial Interactions and Plant Health of Lettuce. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:597745. [PMID: 33519736 PMCID: PMC7838544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization management can affect plant performance and soil microbiota, involving still poorly understood rhizosphere interactions. We hypothesized that fertilization practice exerts specific effects on rhizodeposition with consequences for recruitment of rhizosphere microbiota and plant performance. To address this hypothesis, we conducted a minirhizotron experiment using lettuce as model plant and field soils with contrasting properties from two long-term field experiments (HUB-LTE: loamy sand, DOK-LTE: silty loam) with organic and mineral fertilization history. Increased relative abundance of plant-beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal pathotrophs were characteristic of the rhizospheres in the organically managed soils (HU-org; BIODYN2). Accordingly, defense-related genes were systemically expressed in shoot tissues of the respective plants. As a site-specific effect, high relative occurrence of the fungal lettuce pathogen Olpidium sp. (76-90%) was recorded in the rhizosphere, both under long-term organic and mineral fertilization at the DOK-LTE site, likely supporting Olpidium infection due to a lower water drainage potential compared to the sandy HUB-LTE soils. However, plant growth depressions and Olpidium infection were exclusively recorded in the BIODYN2 soil with organic fertilization history. This was associated with a drastic (87-97%) reduction in rhizosphere abundance of potentially plant-beneficial microbiota (Pseudomonadaceae, Mortierella elongata) and reduced concentrations of the antifungal root exudate benzoate, known to be increased in presence of Pseudomonas spp. In contrast, high relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in the rhizosphere of plants grown in soils with long-term mineral fertilization (61-74%) coincided with high rhizosphere concentrations of chemotactic dicarboxylates (succinate, malate) and a high C (sugar)/N (amino acid) ratio, known to support the growth of Gammaproteobacteria. This was related with generally lower systemic expression of plant defense genes as compared with organic fertilization history. Our results suggest a complex network of belowground interactions among root exudates, site-specific factors and rhizosphere microbiota, modulating the impact of fertilization management with consequences for plant health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Windisch
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Loreen Sommermann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Babin
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Rita Grosch
- Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Narges Moradtalab
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Walker
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Höglinger
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abbas El-Hasan
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Armbruster
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Johannes Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingo Schellenberg
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Geistlinger
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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147
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Noman M, Aysha J, Ketehouli T, Yang J, Du L, Wang F, Li H. Calmodulin binding transcription activators: An interplay between calcium signalling and plant stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153327. [PMID: 33302232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, next to the secondary messengers lies an array of signal relaying molecules among which Calmodulins convey the unequivocal alarms of calcium influxes to Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Activators (CAMTA). Upon reception, CAMTA transcription factors decode the calcium signatures by transcribing the genes corresponding to the specific stimulus, thus have direct/indirect engagement in the complex signalling crosstalk. CAMTA transcription factors make an important contribution to the genome of all eukaryotes, including plants, from Brassica napus (18) to Carica papaya (2), the number of CAMTA genes varies across the plant species, however they exhibit a similar evolutionarily conserved domain organization including a DNA-Binding Domain (CG-1), a Transcription Factor Immunoglobulin Binding Domain (TIG), a Calmodulin-Binding Domain (CaMBD/IQ) and several Ankyrin repeats. The regulatory region of CAMTA genes possess multiple stress-responsive cis motifs including ABRE, SARE, G-box, W-box, AuXRE, DRE and others. CAMTA TFs in Arabidopsis have been studied extensively, however in other plants (with a few exceptions), the evidence merely bases upon expression analyses. CAMTAs are reported to orchestrate biotic as well as abiotic stresses including those occurring due to water and temperature fluctuations as well as heavy metals, light and salinity. Through CG-1 domain, CAMTA TFs bind the CG-box in the promoter of their target genes and modulate their expression under adverse conditions. Here we present a glimpse of how calcium signatures are coded and decoded and translated into necessary responses. In addition, we have emphasized on exploitation of the multiple-stress responsive nature of CAMTAs in engineering plants with desired traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Jameel Aysha
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Toi Ketehouli
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.
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148
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Lin H, Jiang X, Li B, Dong Y, Qian L. Soilless revegetation: An efficient means of improving physicochemical properties and reshaping microbial communities of high-salty gold mine tailings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111246. [PMID: 32927157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soilless revegetation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for the ecological restoration of gold mine tailings. However, due to gold mine tailings are high-salty, alkaline and low-nutrient, little research has been done on soilless revegetation of gold mine tailings. The aim of study was to apply soilless revegetation to gold mine tailings, and investigate the changes of physicochemical properties and microbial communities of tailings after soilless revegetation. Six selected herbaceous plants (Melilotus officinalis, Xanthium sibiricum, Festuca elata, Zoysia japonica, Amaranthus tricolor L., Artemisia desertorum) grew well on the bare tailings, and their heights reached as high as 16.28 cm after 90 days. After soilless revegetation, tailings salinity dramatically dropped from 547.15 to 129.24 μS cm-1, and pH went down from 8.68 to 7.59 at most. The content of available phosphorus (AP), available nitrogen (AN) and organic matter (OM) in tailings gradually improved, especially the content of AP and OM increased 53.36% and 52.58%, respectively. Furthermore, microbial metabolic activity and diversity in tailings obviously increased 70.33-264.70% and 1.64-13.97% respectively. The relative abundance of potential plant growth-promoting bacteria increased 1.40-3.05%, while the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens and halophilic bacteria decreased 10.58-17.03% and 2.98-6.52% respectively. Such variations of microbial communities were beneficial for tailings restoration. This study provided insight into soilless revegetation and its impact on tailings microorganisms, which could be a new strategy for ecological restoration of gold mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ling Qian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100029, China
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149
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Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi: Current Perspective and Future Need for Agricultural Sustainability. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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150
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Orlovskis Z, Reymond P. Pieris brassicae eggs trigger interplant systemic acquired resistance against a foliar pathogen in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1652-1661. [PMID: 32619278 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of plant pathogens or herbivores activate a broad-spectrum plant defense priming in distal leaves against potential future attacks, leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Additionally, attacked plants can release aerial or below-ground signals that trigger defense responses, such as SAR, in neighboring plants lacking initial exposure to pathogen or pest elicitors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in interplant defense signal generation in sender plants and decoding in neighboring plants are not fully understood. We previously reported that Pieris brassicae eggs induce intraplant SAR against the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we extend this effect to neighboring plants by discovering an egg-induced interplant SAR via mobile root-derived signal(s). The generation of an egg-induced interplant SAR signal requires pipecolic acid (Pip) pathway genes ALD1 and FMO1 but occurs independently of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in sender plants. Furthermore, reception of the signal leads to accumulation of SA in the recipient plants. In response to insect eggs, plants may induce interplant SAR to prepare for potential pathogen invasion following feeding-induced wounding or to keep neighboring plants healthy for hatching larvae. Our results highlight a previously uncharacterized below-ground plant-to-plant signaling mechanism and reveals genetic components required for its generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigmunds Orlovskis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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