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Arai Y, Ito M, Tanaka K, Ozawa J, Motojima Y, Matsuoka K, Igarashi K, Namba F. Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 suppresses airway branching morphogenesis in fetal mouse lungs exposed to inflammation. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:494-500. [PMID: 31578032 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine inflammation affects fetal lung development. BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes. We investigated the role of Bach1 in the development of fetal mouse lungs exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a whole fetal lung tissue culture system. METHODS We isolated and cultured embryonic day 12.5 fetal mouse lungs from pregnant Bach1 knockout (-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Airway branching morphogenesis was assessed by microscopically counting peripheral lung buds after incubation with/without LPS. Expression levels of genes related to inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Zinc protoporphyrin, HO-1-specific inhibitor, was used. RESULTS Branching morphogenesis was observed in Bach1-/- and WT fetal mice lungs without LPS exposure; after exposure to LPS, the number of peripheral lung buds was suppressed in Bach1-/- group only. Basal messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of HO-1 was significantly higher in Bach1-/- group than in WT group; IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased after LPS exposure in both groups. Zinc protoporphyrin mitigated the LPS-induced suppression of branching morphogenesis in Bach1-/- mice. CONCLUSION The ablation of Bach1 suppresses airway branching morphogenesis after LPS exposure by increased basal expression levels of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Arai
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Junichi Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiko Motojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kikumi Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
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102
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Gallardo V, González M, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Role of heme oxygenase 1 and human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancy associated diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lin H, Wang X. The effects of gasotransmitters on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172983. [PMID: 32017936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which remains a major clinical problem for preterm infants, is caused mainly by hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation and inflammation. Many approaches have been developed with the aim of decreasing the incidence of or alleviating BPD, but effective methods are still lacking. Gasotransmitters, a type of small gas molecule that can be generated endogenously, exert a protective effect against BPD-associated lung injury; nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three such gasotransmitters. The protective effects of NO have been extensively studied in animal models of BPD, but the results of these studies are inconsistent with those of clinical trials. NO inhalation seems to have no effect on BPD, although side effects have been reported. NO inhalation is not recommended for BPD treatment in preterm infants, except those with severe pulmonary hypertension. Both CO and H2S decreased lung injury in BPD rodent models in preclinical studies. Another small gas molecule, hydrogen, exerts a protective effect against BPD. The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis seems to play a central role in the protective effect of these gasotransmitters on BPD. Gasotransmitters play important roles in mammals, but further clinical trials are needed to explore their effects on BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinbao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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104
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Interplay of Heme with Macrophages in Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030740. [PMID: 31979309 PMCID: PMC7036926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of the mononuclear phagocyte system that is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. They play a key role for initiation and modulation of immunological responses in inflammation and infection. Moreover, macrophages exhibit a wide spectrum of tissue-specific phenotypes in steady-state and pathophysiological conditions. Recent clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the ubiquitous compound heme is a crucial regulator of these cells, e.g., in the differentiation of monocytes to tissue-resident macrophages and/ or in activation by inflammatory stimuli. Notably, heme, an iron containing tetrapyrrole, is essential as a prosthetic group of hemoproteins (e.g., hemoglobin and cytochromes), whereas non-protein bound free or labile heme can be harmful via pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. In this review, it will be discussed how the complex interplay of heme with macrophages regulates homeostasis and inflammation via modulating macrophage inflammatory characteristics and/ or hematopoiesis. A particular focus will be the distinct roles of intra- and extracellular labile heme and the regulation of its availability by heme-binding proteins. Finally, it will be addressed how heme modulates macrophage functions via specific transcriptional factors, in particular the nuclear repressor BTB and CNC homologue (BACH)1 and Spi-C.
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105
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HMOX1 is partly responsible for phenotypic and functional abnormalities in mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells from placenta of preeclampsia (PE) patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 31964423 PMCID: PMC6975087 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is a common obstetric syndrome affecting women in their first pregnancy and characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, which appears after 20 weeks of gestation. It is characterized by high blood pressure and occasional damage to another organ system most often the liver and kidneys. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of this syndrome are not fully understood. Since mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells (MSCs) are intimately associated with endothelial cells that line vessel walls in the decidua they may play some role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. In this study, we have partly, unveiled the mechanism of preeclampsia pathogenesis at the stem cells level. Methods We have isolated and characterized MSCs from decidua basalis of preeclampsia placenta (PE-DBMSCs) and showed their decreased functionality in terms of proliferation, migration, adhesion and clone formation potential as compared to MSCs isolated from decidua region of normal placentae (DBMSCs). The cells were preconditioned with H2O2 and the functional characteristics were evaluated. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting confirmed the expression of these proteins. Results Pre-conditioning with H2O2 restored the functional outcome of PE-DBMSCs. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed HMOX1 as one of the major candidates missing in PE-DBMSCs. HMOX1 inhibition by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) in normal DBMSCs resulted in a reduction in proliferation, migration, adhesion, and clone formation processes as compared to the untreated controls. mRNA and protein analyses of PE-DBMSCs preconditioned with H2O2 at lower doses showed upregulation of HMOX1 expression. Conclusions We hereby show for the first time that loss of function of stem cells/stromal cells isolated from the patients with preeclampsia may contribute towards the disease exacerbation. Our results suggest that HMOX1 may be partially responsible for the loss of functionality in PE-DBMSCs and contribute significantly towards the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. However, further investigation is required to decipher its exact role in the development and onset of the disorder.
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Cronin SJF, Woolf CJ, Weiss G, Penninger JM. The Role of Iron Regulation in Immunometabolism and Immune-Related Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:116. [PMID: 31824960 PMCID: PMC6883604 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism explores how the intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells can regulate their function under different micro-environmental and (patho-)-physiological conditions (Pearce, 2010; Buck et al., 2015; O'Neill and Pearce, 2016). In the last decade great advances have been made in studying and manipulating metabolic programs in immune cells. Immunometabolism has primarily focused on glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as well as free fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. These pathways are important for providing the energy needs of cell growth, membrane rigidity, cytokine production and proliferation. In this review, we will however, highlight the specific role of iron metabolism at the cellular and organismal level, as well as how the bioavailability of this metal orchestrates complex metabolic programs in immune cell homeostasis and inflammation. We will also discuss how dysregulation of iron metabolism contributes to alterations in the immune system and how these novel insights into iron regulation can be targeted to metabolically manipulate immune cell function under pathophysiological conditions, providing new therapeutic opportunities for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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107
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Weng C, Lan K, Li T, Zhang L, Wang J, Lai X. Regional hypothermia attenuates secondary-injury caused by time-out application of tourniquets following limb fragments injury combined with hemorrhagic shock. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27:104. [PMID: 31752982 PMCID: PMC6873525 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-019-0678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tourniquet is the most widely used and effective first-aid equipment for controlling hemorrhage of injured limb in battlefield. However, time-out application of tourniquets leads to ischemic-necrosis of skeletal muscles and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Regional hypothermia (RH) on wounded limb can relieve the injury on local tissue and distant organs. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of RH on rabbits’ limbs injured by a steel-ball combined with hemorrhagic-shock, and then employed tourniquet over-time, tried to identify the optimal treatment RH. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. All rabbits were anesthetized, intubated femoral artery and vein in right-hind limbs. Sham operation group (Sham): only femoral arteriovenous cannula in right-hind limb. None RH group (NRH): rabbits were intubated as Sham group, then the soft tissues of rabbits’ left-hinds were injured by a steel-ball shooting, and were exsanguinated until shock, then bundled with rubber tourniquets for 4 h. Three RH subgroups: rabbits were injured as mentioned above, the injured limbs were bundled with rubber tourniquets and treated with different temperature (5 ± 1 °C, 10 ± 1 °C, and 20 ± 1 °C, respectively) for 4 h. The injury severity of lung and regional muscle was assessed by histologic examination. Activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle, inflammatory cytokines, myoglobin, creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM), Heme, Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), lactic acid (Lac), and lectrolyte ion in serum were detected. Results Following with RH treatment, the injury of lung and local muscle tissue was alleviated evidencing by mitigation of histopathological changes, significant decrease of water-content and MDA content, and increase of ATPase activity. Lower level of Lac, Potassium (K+), inflammatory cytokines, Heme, CK-MM, myoglobin content, and higher level of Calcium (Ca2+), HO-1 content were shown in RH treatment. 10 °C was the most effective RH to increase ATPase activity, and decrease MDA, myoglobin, CK-MM content. Conclusion Transient RH (4 h) had a “long-term mitigation effects” (continued for 6 h) on time-out application of tourniquet with the fluid resuscitation and core temperature maintenance, and the most effective temperature for reducing the side effects on tourniquet time-out application was 10 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Weng
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Kai Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns, Surgery Research Institute; Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Tao Li
- Joint Surgery Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liangchao Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xinan Lai
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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108
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Dojun N, Muranishi K, Ishimori K, Uchida T. A single mutation converts Alr5027 from cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 to a heme-binding protein with heme-degrading ability. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110916. [PMID: 31739124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HutZ from Vibrio cholerae (VcHutZ) is a dimeric protein that catalyzes oxygen-dependent degradation of heme. The reaction mechanism is the same as that of canonical heme oxygenase (HO), but the structure of HutZ is quite different from that of HO. Thus, we postulate that HutZ has evolved via a different pathway from that of HO. The Alr5027 protein from cyanobacteria possessing proteins potentially related to ancestral proteins utilizing O2 in enzymatic reactions is homologous to HutZ family proteins (67% similarity), but the heme axial ligand of HutZ is not conserved in Alr5027. To investigate whether Alr5027 can bind and degrade heme, we expressed Alr5027 in Escherichia coli and purified it. Although Alr5027 did not bind heme, replacement of Lys164, corresponding to the heme axial ligand of HutZ, with histidine conferred heme-binding capability. The K164H mutant produced verdoheme in the reaction with H2O2, indicating acquisition of heme-degradation ability. Among the mutants, the K164H mutant produced verdoheme most efficiently. Although the K164H mutant did not degrade heme through ascorbic acid, biliverdin, the final product of VcHutZ, was formed by treatment of verdoheme with ascorbic acid. An analysis of Trp103 fluorescence indicated elongation of the distance between protomers in this mutant compared with VcHutZ-the probable cause of the inefficiency of ascorbic acid-supported heme-degradation activity. Collectively, our findings indicate that a single lysine-to-histidine mutation converted Alr5027 to a heme-binding protein that can form verdoheme through H2O2, suggesting that HutZ family proteins have acquired the heme-degradation function through molecular evolution from an ancestor protein of Alr5027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Dojun
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Muranishi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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109
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Hammad ASA, Ahmed ASF, Heeba GH, Taye A. Heme oxygenase-1 contributes to the protective effect of resveratrol against endothelial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Life Sci 2019; 239:117065. [PMID: 31751579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes that mainly stems from increased reactive oxygen species, which makes antioxidants of great benefit. Resveratrol (RSV) is an antioxidant that shows protective effects in a variety of disease models where the ameliorative effect appears to be mediated, in part, via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. However, the pathophysiological relevance of HO-1 in the ameliorative response of RSV in endothelial dysfunction is not clearly defined. The present study was conducted to investigate whether HO-1 plays a role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were treated with RSV (10 mg/kg) in presence or absence of an HO-1 blocker, Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) to assess vascular function and indicators of disease status. We found that RSV treatment significantly abrogated diabetes induced vascular dysfunction. This improvement was associated with the ability of RSV to decrease oxidative stress markers alongside a reduction in the aortic TGF-β expression, elevation of NOS3 expression and aortic nitrite concentration as well as HO activity. These ameliorative effects were diminished when ZnPP was administered prior to RSV. Our results clearly demonstrate the protective effects of RSV in diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and verified a causal role of HO-1 in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S A Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt.
| | - Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Egypt
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110
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Mhillaj E, Cuomo V, Trabace L, Mancuso C. The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System as Effector of the Neuroprotective Outcomes of Herb-Based Nutritional Supplements. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1298. [PMID: 31780933 PMCID: PMC6859463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, several preclinical studies have shown that some herbal products, such as ferulic acid, Ginkgo biloba, and resveratrol, exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system. Unfortunately, sufficient data supporting the shift of knowledge from preclinical studies to humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, are not yet available in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies and the main results achieved on the potential therapeutic role of the interaction between the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system with ferulic acid, G. biloba, and resveratrol. Some critical issues have also been reported, mainly concerning the safety profile and the toxicological sequelae associated to the supplementation with the herbs mentioned above, based on both current literature and specific reports issued by the competent Regulatory Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mhillaj
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Chao A, Burley KH, Sieminski PJ, de Miranda R, Chen X, Mobley DL, Goulding CW. Structure of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heme-Degrading Protein, MhuD, Variant in Complex with Its Product. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4610-4620. [PMID: 31638374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, requires iron for survival. In Mtb, MhuD is the cytosolic protein that degrades imported heme. MhuD is distinct, in both sequence and structure, from canonical heme oxygenases (HOs) but homologous with IsdG-type proteins. Canonical HO is found mainly in eukaryotes, while IsdG-type proteins are predominantly found in prokaryotes, including pathogens. While there are several published structures of MhuD and other IsdG-type proteins in complex with the heme substrate, no structures of IsdG-type proteins in complex with a product have been reported, unlike the case for HOs. We recently showed that the Mtb variant MhuD-R26S produces biliverdin IXα (αBV) rather than the wild-type mycobilin isomers. Given that mycobilin and other IsdG-type protein products like staphylobilin are difficult to isolate in quantities sufficient for structure determination, here we use the MhuD-R26S variant and its product αBV as a proxy to study the IsdG-type protein-product complex. First, we show that αBV has a nanomolar affinity for MhuD and the R26S variant. Second, we determined the MhuD-R26S-αBV complex structure to 2.5 Å, which reveals two notable features: (1) two αBV molecules bound per active site and (2) a novel α-helix (α3) that was not observed in previous MhuD-heme structures. Finally, through molecular dynamics simulations, we show that α3 is stable with the proximal αBV alone. MhuD's high affinity for the product and the observed structural and electrostatic changes that accompany substrate turnover suggest that there may be an unidentified class of proteins that are responsible for the extraction of products from MhuD and other IsdG-type proteins.
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112
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Heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide as modulators of autophagy and inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108186. [PMID: 31704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation to generate biliverdin-IXα, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The HO-1/CO system confers cytoprotection in animal models of organ injury and disease, via modulation of inflammation and apoptosis. Recent studies have uncovered novel anti-inflammatory targets of HO-1/CO including regulation of the autophagy and inflammasome pathways. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent program for the turnover of cellular organelles such as mitochondria, proteins, and pathogens; which may downregulate inflammatory processes. Therapeutic modulation of autophagy by CO has been demonstrated in models of sepsis. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulates the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CO can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines production and promote the resolution of inflammation by upregulating the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Mitochondria may represent a proximal target of HO-1/CO action. HO-1 may localize to mitochondria in response to stress, while CO can moderate mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and biogenesis. The interplay between mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the regulation and resolution of inflammation may make important contributions to the protection afforded by HO-1/CO in cellular and organ injury models. Recent studies have continued to explore the potential of CO for clinical applications.
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113
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Lazarus LS, Simons CR, Arcidiacono A, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Extracellular vs Intracellular Delivery of CO: Does It Matter for a Stable, Diffusible Gasotransmitter? J Med Chem 2019; 62:9990-9995. [PMID: 31577143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter produced in humans. An essential unanswered question in the design of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) is whether the delivery molecule should be localized extra- or intracellularly to produce desired biological effects. Herein we show that extracellular CO release is less toxic and is sufficient to produce an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of intracellular CO release at nanomolar concentrations. This information is valuable for the design of CORMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Lazarus
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
| | - Casey R Simons
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
| | - Ashley Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Abby D Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4815 , United States
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
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Averilla JN, Oh J, Kim JS. Carbon Monoxide Partially Mediates Protective Effect of Resveratrol Against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E432. [PMID: 31581413 PMCID: PMC6827139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the antioxidative effect of resveratrol (RES) in mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, we investigated whether the protective activity of RES against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity is mediated by intracellular carbon monoxide (CO), a product of HO-1 activity, in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The cells were exposed to UVB radiation following treatment with RES and/or CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). RES and/or CORM-2 upregulated HO-1 protein expression, accompanied by a gradual reduction of UVB-induced intracellular ROS levels. CORM-2 reduced intracellular ROS in the presence of tin protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, indicating that the cytoprotection observed was mediated by intracellular CO and not by HO-1 itself. Moreover, CORM-2 decreased RES-stimulated mitochondrial quantity and respiration and increased the cytosolic protein expressions of radical-scavenging superoxide dismutases, SOD1 and SOD2. Taken together, our observations suggest that RES and intracellular CO act independently, at least partly, in attenuating cellular oxidative stress by promoting antioxidant enzyme expressions and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in UVB-exposed keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice N Averilla
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jisun Oh
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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115
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Bottino-Rojas V, Pereira LOR, Silva G, Talyuli OAC, Dunkov BC, Oliveira PL, Paiva-Silva GO. Non-canonical transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenase in Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13726. [PMID: 31551499 PMCID: PMC6760526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for heme breakdown, which yields carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV) and ferrous ion. Here we show that the Aedes aegypti heme oxygenase gene (AeHO - AAEL008136) is expressed in different developmental stages and tissues. AeHO expression increases after a blood meal in the midgut, and its maximal transcription levels overlaps with the maximal rate of the further modified A. aegypti biglutaminyl-biliverdin (AeBV) pigment production. HO is a classical component of stress response in eukaryotic cells, being activated under oxidative stress or increased heme levels. Indeed, the final product of HO activity in the mosquito midgut, AeBV, exerts a protective antioxidant activity. AeHO, however, does not seem to be under a classical redox-sensitive transcriptional regulation, being unresponsive to heme itself, and even down regulated when insects face a pro-oxidant insult. In contrast, AeHO gene expression responds to nutrient sensing mechanisms, through the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. This unusual transcriptional control of AeHO, together with the antioxidant properties of AeBV, suggests that heme degradation by HO, in addition to its important role in protection of Aedes aegypti against heme exposure, also acts as a digestive feature, being an essential adaptation to blood feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiza O R Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Octavio A C Talyuli
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Boris C Dunkov
- Center for Insect Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0106, USA
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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116
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McNicholas K, MacGregor MN, Gleadle JM. In order for the light to shine so brightly, the darkness must be present-why do cancers fluoresce with 5-aminolaevulinic acid? Br J Cancer 2019; 121:631-639. [PMID: 31406300 PMCID: PMC6889380 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy have emerged as a promising tool in oncology. Using the visible fluorescence from photosensitisers excited by light, clinicians can both identify and treat tumour cells in situ. Protoporphyrin IX, produced in the penultimate step of the haem synthesis pathway, is a naturally occurring photosensitiser that visibly fluoresces when exposed to light. This fluorescence is enhanced considerably by the exogenous administration of the substrate 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA). Significantly, 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulates preferentially in cancer cells, and this enhanced fluorescence has been harnessed for the detection and photodynamic treatment of brain, skin and bladder tumours. However, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic basis for this phenomenon. This review focuses on alterations in the haem pathway in cancer and considers the unique features of the cancer environment, such as altered glucose metabolism, oncogenic mutations and hypoxia, and their potential effects on the protoporphyrin IX phenomenon. A better understanding of why cancer cells fluoresce with 5-ALA would improve its use in cancer diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym McNicholas
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Melanie N MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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117
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Lesjak M, K S Srai S. Role of Dietary Flavonoids in Iron Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E119. [PMID: 31398897 PMCID: PMC6789581 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing systemic iron levels within narrow limits is critical for human health, as both iron deficiency and overload lead to serious disorders. There are no known physiologically controlled pathways to eliminate iron from the body and therefore iron homeostasis is maintained by modifying dietary iron absorption. Several dietary factors, such as flavonoids, are known to greatly affect iron absorption. Recent evidence suggests that flavonoids can affect iron status by regulating expression and activity of proteins involved the systemic regulation of iron metabolism and iron absorption. We provide an overview of the links between different dietary flavonoids and iron homeostasis together with the mechanism of flavonoids effect on iron metabolism. In addition, we also discuss the clinical relevance of state-of-the-art knowledge regarding therapeutic potential that flavonoids may have for conditions that are low in iron such as anaemia or iron overload diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lesjak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Surjit K S Srai
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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118
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Peng Z, Liao Y, Chen L, Liu S, Shan Z, Nüssler AK, Yao P, Yan H, Liu L, Yang W. Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates low-dose of deoxynivalenol-induced liver inflammation potentially associating with microbiota. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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119
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Sakakibara E, Shisaka Y, Onoda H, Koga D, Xu N, Ono T, Hisaeda Y, Sugimoto H, Shiro Y, Watanabe Y, Shoji O. Highly malleable haem-binding site of the haemoprotein HasA permits stable accommodation of bulky tetraphenylporphycenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18697-18702. [PMID: 35515244 PMCID: PMC9064734 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron(iii)- and cobalt(iii)-9,10,19,20-tetraphenylporphycenes, which possess bulky phenyl groups at the four meso positions of porphycene, were successfully incorporated into the haem acquisition protein HasA secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crystal structure analysis revealed that loops surrounding the haem-binding site are highly flexible, remodelling themselves to accommodate bulky metal complexes with significantly different structures from the native haem cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Sakakibara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-0802 Japan
| | - Yuma Shisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-0802 Japan
| | - Hiroki Onoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-0802 Japan
| | - Daiki Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency 5 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamighori Akoh Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-0802 Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-0802 Japan
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120
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Faizan M, Muhammad N, Niazi KUK, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Sun H, Liu R, Dong W, Zhang W, Gao Z. CO-Releasing Materials: An Emphasis on Therapeutic Implications, as Release and Subsequent Cytotoxicity Are the Part of Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1643. [PMID: 31137526 PMCID: PMC6566563 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CO-releasing materials (CORMats) are used as substances for producing CO molecules for therapeutic purposes. Carbon monoxide (CO) imparts toxic effects to biological organisms at higher concentration. If this characteristic is utilized in a controlled manner, it can act as a cell-signaling agent for important pathological and pharmacokinetic functions; hence offering many new applications and treatments. Recently, research on therapeutic applications using the CO treatment has gained much attention due to its nontoxic nature, and its injection into the human body using several conjugate systems. Mainly, there are two types of CO insertion techniques into the human body, i.e., direct and indirect CO insertion. Indirect CO insertion offers an advantage of avoiding toxicity as compared to direct CO insertion. For the indirect CO inhalation method, developers are facing certain problems, such as its inability to achieve the specific cellular targets and how to control the dosage of CO. To address these issues, researchers have adopted alternative strategies regarded as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). CO is covalently attached with metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs), which generate various CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, CORM-3, ALF492, CORM-A1 and ALF186. When these molecules are inserted into the human body, CO is released from these compounds at a controlled rate under certain conditions or/and triggers. Such reactions are helpful in achieving cellular level targets with a controlled release of the CO amount. However on the other hand, CORMs also produce a metal residue (termed as i-CORMs) upon degradation that can initiate harmful toxic activity inside the body. To improve the performance of the CO precursor with the restricted development of i-CORMs, several new CORMats have been developed such as micellization, peptide, vitamins, MOFs, polymerization, nanoparticles, protein, metallodendrimer, nanosheet and nanodiamond, etc. In this review article, we shall describe modern ways of CO administration; focusing primarily on exclusive features of CORM's tissue accumulations and their toxicities. This report also elaborates on the kinetic profile of the CO gas. The comprehension of developmental phases of CORMats shall be useful for exploring the ideal CO therapeutic drugs in the future of medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faizan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | | | - Yongxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wensheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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121
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Yoo EJ, Lee HH, Ye BJ, Lee JH, Lee CY, Kang HJ, Jeong GW, Park H, Lim SW, Lee-Kwon W, Kwon HM, Choi SY. TonEBP Suppresses the HO-1 Gene by Blocking Recruitment of Nrf2 to Its Promoter. Front Immunol 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31057560 PMCID: PMC6482272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TonEBP is a key transcriptional activator in macrophages with an M1 phenotype. High expression of TonEBP is associated with many inflammatory diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible protein, is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals, and its expression is regarded as an adaptive cellular response to inflammation and oxidative injury. Here, we show that TonEBP suppresses expression of HO-1 by blocking Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 promoter, thereby inducing polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Inhibition of HO-1 expression or activity significantly reduced the inhibitory responses on M1 phenotype and stimulatory effects on M2 phenotype by TonEBP knockdown. Additional experiments showed that HO-1 plays a role in the paracrine anti-inflammatory effects of TonEBP knockdown in macrophages. Identification of HO-1 as a downstream effector of TonEBP provides new possibilities for improved therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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122
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Lv X, Li X, Dai X, Liu M, Wu C, Song W, Wang J, Ren X, Cai Y. Investigation heme oxygenase-1 polymorphism with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:167-170. [PMID: 30978117 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1601202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) has been already suggested. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the association of the genetic frequency of heme oxygense-1 (HMOX1) polymorphism with PE in Chinese Han women.Methods: We researched the genetic distribution of rs2071746 polymorphism in HMOX1 by the TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR between 1235 PE patients and 1720 healthy women.Results: We found there were't significant differences in the distribution of HMOX1 rs2071746 polymorphism in PE compared to the control group (rs2071746, genotype χ2 = 0.282, P = 0.869 and allele χ2 = 0.027, P = 0.869, OR = 1.009, 95% = 0.909-1.120).Conclusion: The rs2071746 polymorphism in HMOX1 might not be related to PE in Chinese women, although further investigations should be conducted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Lv
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xueying Li
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, China
| | - Xueli Dai
- Department of Obstetrical, Zibo Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Mengchun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuijiao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqing Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Maternity and Child Care of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Abd-Ellatif RN, Hegab II, Atef MM, Sadek MT, Hafez YM. Diacerein protects against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury: Modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and necroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 306:47-53. [PMID: 30974099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, the renoprotective effect of diacerein on glycerol-induced AKI was investigated. Twenty four male albino rats were included in this study and divided into four groups: (group I) saline control group, (group II) glycerol-treated group, (groups III&IV) diacerein + glycerol -treated groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) respectively. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level in addition to catalase and heme oxygenase (HO) activities were estimated. Comet assay and histopathological changes were evaluated. The levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) were measured by ELISA. RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) mRNA expression were assessed by real time PCR. Glycerol treatment caused significant renal histological abnormalities and functional impairment (increased urea and creatinine). Increased levels of renal MDA with concomitant decrease in renal catalase activity and significant DNA damage in comet assay were observed. High expression of RIPK3 and MLKL in the glycerol-treated group with marked elevation of Bax, TNF-α and RIPK3 levels and HO-1 activity were also documented. Diacerein treatment dependently attenuated glycerol induced structural and functional changes in kidney and significantly elicit reduction of renal tissue oxidative damage whereas it decreased renal expression of RIPK3 and MLKL, and decreased Bax, TNF-α and RIPK3 levels and HO-1 activity. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that diacerein might have potential application in the amelioration of AKI via its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-necroptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Islam Ibrahim Hegab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mona Tayssir Sadek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Sugishima M, Wada K, Unno M, Fukuyama K. Bilin-metabolizing enzymes: site-specific reductions catalyzed by two different type of enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 59:73-80. [PMID: 30954759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the green heme metabolite biliverdin is converted to a yellow anti-oxidant by NAD(P)H-dependent biliverdin reductase (BVR), whereas in O2-dependent photosynthetic organisms it is converted to photosynthetic or light-sensing pigments by ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs). In NADP+-bound and biliverdin-bound BVR-A, two biliverdins are stacked at the binding cleft; one is positioned to accept hydride from NADPH, and the other appears to donate a proton to the first biliverdin through a neighboring arginine residue. During the FDBR-catalyzed reaction, electrons and protons are supplied to bilins from ferredoxin and from FDBRs and waters bound within FDBRs, respectively. Thus, the protonation sites of bilin and catalytic residues are important for the analysis of site-specific reduction. The neutron structure of FDBR sheds light on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Sugishima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Kei Wada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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125
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Gill N, Leng Y, Romero R, Xu Y, Panaitescu B, Miller D, Arif A, Mumuni S, Qureshi F, Hsu CD, Hassan SS, Staff AC, Gomez-Lopez N. The immunophenotype of decidual macrophages in acute atherosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13098. [PMID: 30734977 PMCID: PMC6556389 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Acute atherosis is a uteroplacental arterial lesion that is associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth, the latter being the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the immunobiology of acute atherosis is poorly understood. METHOD OF STUDY Placental basal plate samples were collected from women who delivered with (n = 11) and without (n = 31) decidua basalis lesions of acute atherosis. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to quantify M1- and M2-like macrophage subsets and the expression of iNOS and IL-12 by decidual macrophages. Multiplex fluorescence staining and phenoptics were performed to localize M1-, MOX-, and Mhem-like macrophages in the decidual basalis. RESULTS Macrophages displayed diverse phenotypes in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. M2-like macrophages were the most abundant subset in the decidua; yet, this macrophage subset did not change with the presence of acute atherosis. Decidual M1-like macrophages were increased in acute atherosis, and such macrophages displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype, as indicated by the expression of iNOS and IL-12. Decidual M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophages were localized near both transformed and non-transformed vessels in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. MOX and Mhem macrophages were also identified near transformed vessels in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. Finally, monocyte-like cells were present on the vessel wall of non-transformed decidual vessels, indicating a possible intravascular source for macrophages in acute atherosis. CONCLUSION Decidual macrophages display different phenotypes, namely M1-like, M2-like, MOX, and Mhem subsets. Yet, pro-inflammatory macrophages are enriched in the decidua basalis with acute atherosis. These findings provide a molecular foundation for future mechanistic inquiries about the role of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute atherosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navleen Gill
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Afrah Arif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Salma Mumuni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Dybas J, Grosicki M, Baranska M, Marzec KM. Raman imaging of heme metabolism in situ in macrophages and Kupffer cells. Analyst 2019; 143:3489-3498. [PMID: 29951676 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00282g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we provide the Raman imaging results for different stages of erythrophagocytosis of senescent red blood cells executed by isolated murine primary Kupffer cells and a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Images were recorded with the use of 488 and 532 nm excitation lines. The use of Resonance Raman spectroscopy allowed the visualization of the heme metabolism and tracking of the systemic iron recycling process inside isolated murine Kupffer cells and RAW.264 cells. Because of the application of the different experimental assays, the erythrophagocytosis in two types of cells was presented and associated with the presence of different forms of oxidized and degradative derivatives of hemoglobin species. Moreover, we observed an increase of lipid level and later formation of lipid droplets during the erythrophagocytosis process inside RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dybas
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzyńskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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127
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Soboleva T, Berreau LM. Tracking CO release in cells via the luminescence of donor molecules and/or their by-products. Isr J Chem 2019; 59:339-350. [PMID: 31516159 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a bioactive signalling molecule that is produced endogenously via the breakdown of heme. Beneficial health effects associated with the delivery of CO gas have spurred the development of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) that can be used to provide specific amounts of the gas. In addition to their potential use as therapeutics, CORMs are needed to provide insight into the biological targets of CO. In this regard, light-activated CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs), are valuable for examining the effects of localized CO release. Herein we examine luminescent CORMs and photoCORMs that have been reported for tracking CO delivery in cells. A variety of motifs are available that exhibit differing luminescence properties and cover a wide range of wavelengths. Trackable CO donors have been successfully applied to targeting CO delivery to mitochondria, thus demonstrating the feasibility of using such molecules in detailed investigations of the biological roles of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soboleva
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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128
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kobayashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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129
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Chao A, Goulding CW. A Single Mutation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heme-Degrading Protein, MhuD, Results in Different Products. Biochemistry 2019; 58:489-492. [PMID: 30605595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis heme-degrading protein MhuD degrades heme to mycobilin isomers and iron, while its closest homologues from Staphylococcus aureus, IsdG and IsdI, degrade heme to staphylobilin isomers, formaldehyde, and iron. Superposition of the structures of the heme-bound complexes reveals that the heme molecule in the MhuD active site is rotated ∼90° about the tetrapyrrole plane with respect to IsdG and IsdI active site heme molecules. Therefore, the variation in IsdG/IsdI and MhuD chromophore products may be attributed to the different heme orientations. In MhuD, two arginines, Arg22 and Arg26, stabilize the heme propionates and may account for the heme orientation. Herein, we demonstrate that the MhuD-R26S variant alters the resulting chromophore product from mycobilin to biliverdin IXα (α-BV), whereas the R22S variant does not. Surprisingly, unlike canonical heme oxygenase (HO) that also degrades heme to α-BV, the MhuD-R26S variant produces the C1 product formaldehyde rather than carbon monoxide as observed for HO. The MhuD-R26S variant is an important tool for further probing the mechanism of action of MhuD and for studying the fate of the MhuD product in mycobacterium.
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130
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Khirfan G, Ahmed MK, Faulx MD, Dakkak W, Dweik RA, Tonelli AR. Gasometric gradients between blood obtained from the pulmonary artery wedge and pulmonary artery positions in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 30621691 PMCID: PMC6325872 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known on the pulmonary gradients of oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We sought to determine these gradients in group 1 PAH and assess their association with disease severity and survival. METHODS During right heart catheterization (RHC) we obtained blood from pulmonary artery (PA) and pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) positions and used co-oximetry to test their gasometric differences. RESULTS We included a total of 130 patients, 65 had group 1 PAH, 40 had pulmonary hypertension (PH) from groups 2-5 and 25 had no PH during RHC. In all groups, PAW blood had higher pH, carboxyhemoglobin and lactate as well as lower pCO2 than PA blood. In group 1 PAH (age 58 ± 15 years, 72% females), methemoglobin in the PAW was lower than in the PA blood (0.83% ± 0.43 vs 0.95% ± 0.50, p = 0.03) and was directly associated with the degree of change in pulmonary vascular resistance (R = 0.35, p = 0.02) during inhaled nitric oxide test. Oxyhemoglobin in PA (HR (95%CI): 0.90 (0.82-0.99), p = 0.04) and PAW (HR (95%CI): 0.91 (0.84-0.98), p = 0.003) blood was associated with adjusted survival in PAH. CONCLUSIONS Marked differences were observed in the gasometric determinations between PAW and PA blood. The pulmonary gradient of methemoglobin was lower in PAH patients compared to controls and a higher PAW blood methemoglobin was associated with a more pronounced pulmonary vascular response to inhaled nitric oxide. Pulmonary artery and PAW oxyhemoglobin tracked with disease severity and survival in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Khirfan
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A-90, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Mostafa K. Ahmed
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A-90, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Michael D. Faulx
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Wael Dakkak
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A-90, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Adriano R. Tonelli
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A-90, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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131
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Chao A, Sieminski PJ, Owens CP, Goulding CW. Iron Acquisition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1193-1220. [PMID: 30474981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The highly contagious disease tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been evolving drug resistance at an alarming rate. Like all human pathogens, Mtb requires iron for growth and virulence. Consequently, Mtb iron transport is an emerging drug target. However, the development of anti-TB drugs aimed at these metabolic pathways has been restricted by the dearth of information on Mtb iron acquisition. In this Review, we describe the multiple strategies utilized by Mtb to acquire ferric iron and heme iron. Mtb iron uptake is a complex process, requiring biosynthesis and subsequent export of Mtb siderophores, followed by ferric iron scavenging and ferric-siderophore import into Mtb. Additionally, Mtb possesses two possible heme uptake pathways and an Mtb-specific mechanism of heme degradation that yields iron and novel heme-degradation products. We conclude with perspectives for potential therapeutics that could directly target Mtb heme and iron uptake machineries. We also highlight how hijacking Mtb heme and iron acquisition pathways for drug import may facilitate drug transport through the notoriously impregnable Mtb cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cedric P Owens
- Schmid College of Science and Technology , Chapman University , Orange , California 92866 , United States
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Tsur A, Kalish F, Burgess J, Nayak NR, Zhao H, Casey KM, Druzin ML, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Pravastatin improves fetal survival in mice with a partial deficiency of heme oxygenase-1. Placenta 2018; 75:1-8. [PMID: 30712660 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in vitro and in vivo. Low HO-1 expression is associated with pregnancy complications, e.g. preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriages. Here, we investigated the effects of pravastatin on HO-1 expression, placental development, and fetal survival in mice with a partial HO-1 deficiency. METHODS At E14.5, untreated pregnant wild-type (WT, n=13-18), untreated HO-1+/- (Het, n=6-9), and Het mice treated with pravastatin (Het+Pravastatin, n=12-14) were sacrificed. Numbers of viable fetuses/resorbed concepti were recorded. Maternal livers and placentas were harvested for HO activity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed on whole placentas. RESULTS Compared with WT, HO activity in Het livers (65±18%, P<0.001) and placentas (74±7%, P<0.001) were significantly decreased. Number of viable fetuses per dam was significantly lower in Untreated Het dams (6.0±2.2) compared with WT (9.1±1.4, P<0.01), accompanied by a higher relative risk (RR) for concepti resorption (17.1, 95% CI 4.0-73.2). In Hets treated with pravastatin, maternal liver and placental HO activity increased, approaching levels of WT controls (to 83±7% and 87±14%, respectively). The number of viable fetuses per dam increased to 7.7±2.5 with a decreased RR for concepti resorption (2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.9). In some surviving Untreated Het placentas, there were focal losses of cellular architecture and changes suggestive of reduced blood flow in the labyrinth. These findings were absent in Het+Pravastatin placentas. DISCUSSION Pravastatin induces maternal liver and placental HO activity, may affect placental function and improve fetal survival in the context of a partial deficiency of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tsur
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Flora Kalish
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Burgess
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nihar R Nayak
- Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maurice L Druzin
- Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - David K Stevenson
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Tucker BM, Perazella MA. Pink Urine Syndrome: A Combination of Insulin Resistance and Propofol. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 4:30-39. [PMID: 30596166 PMCID: PMC6308841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pink urine syndrome is mostly seen in patients treated with propofol anesthesia. The pink color is attributed to the presence of large concentrations of uric acid (and pigment), which is excreted in large amounts when propofol is given. We describe a case of propofol-induced pink urine syndrome and perform a comprehensive, evidence-based review. We discuss prior case studies already published in the literature as we speculate on the pathophysiology and how it translates to a clinically relevant entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Tucker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Correspondence: Bryan M. Tucker, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Section of Nephrology, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157–0001, USA.
| | - Mark A. Perazella
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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134
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Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and inhibition of disease-associated features by cannabidiol in vascular smooth muscle cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34595-34616. [PMID: 30349652 PMCID: PMC6195385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) have been closely linked to the development and progression of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in VSMC. This study investigates the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on HO-1 expression and disease-associated functions of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC). HO-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased by CBD in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Although the expression of several cannabinoid-activated receptors (CB1, CB2, G protein-coupled receptor 55, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) was verified in HUASMC, CBD was shown to induce HO-1 via none of these targets. Instead, the CBD-mediated increase in HO-1 protein was reversed by the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, indicating the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling; this was confirmed by flow cytometry-based ROS detection. CBD-induced HO-1 expression was accompanied by inhibition of growth factor-mediated proliferation and migration of HUASMC. However, neither inhibition of HO-1 activity nor knockdown of HO-1 protein attenuated CBD-mediated anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects. Indeed, inhibition or depletion of HO-1 resulted in induction of apoptosis and intensified CBD-mediated effects on proliferation and migration. Collectively, this work provides the first indication of CBD-mediated enhancement of HO-1 in VSMC and potential protective effects against aberrant VSMC proliferation and migration. On the other hand, our data argue against a role of HO-1 in CBD-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration while substantiating its anti-apoptotic role in oxidative stress-mediated cell fate.
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Sebastián VP, Salazar GA, Coronado-Arrázola I, Schultz BM, Vallejos OP, Berkowitz L, Álvarez-Lobos MM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Modulator of Intestinal Inflammation Development and Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1956. [PMID: 30258436 PMCID: PMC6143658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that degrades the heme group contained in several important proteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome p450. The enzymatic reaction catalyzed by HMOX1 generates Fe2+, biliverdin and CO. It has been shown that HMOX1 activity and the by-product CO can downmodulate the damaging immune response in several models of intestinal inflammation as a result of pharmacological induction of HMOX1 expression and the administration of non-toxic amounts of CO. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are one of the most studied ailments associated to HMOX1 effects. However, microbiota imbalances and infections are also important factors influencing the occurrence of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, where HMOX1 activity may play a major role. As part of this article we discuss the immune modulatory capacity of HMOX1 during IBD, as well during the infections and interactions with the microbiota that contribute to this inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina P. Sebastián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldyne A. Salazar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irenice Coronado-Arrázola
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loni Berkowitz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel M. Álvarez-Lobos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Modulation of the monocyte/macrophage system in heart failure by targeting heme oxygenase-1. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:79-90. [PMID: 30213580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon myocardial infarction (MI) immune system becomes activated by extensive necrosis of cardiomyocytes releasing intracellular molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns. Overactive and prolonged immune responses are likely to be responsible for heart failure development and progression in patients surviving the ischemic episode. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in heme degradation and in this way releases carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. This stress-inducible enzyme is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals. Consequently, biological actions of HO-1 are not limited to degradation of a toxic heme released from hemoproteins, but also provide an adaptive cellular response against chronic inflammation and oxidative injury. Indeed, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 were demonstrated in several experimental studies, as well as in human cases of genetic HO-1 deficiency. HO-1 was shown to suppress the production, myocardial infiltration and inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages what resulted in limitation of post-MI cardiac damage. This review specifically addresses the role of HO-1, heme and its degradation products in macrophage biology and post-ischemic cardiac repair. A more complete understanding of these mechanisms is essential to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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137
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Gheidi M, Safari N, Zahedi M. Density functional theory studies on the conversion of hydroxyheme to iron-verdoheme in the presence of dioxygen. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2146-2158. [PMID: 28120965 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04250c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detailed insight into the second step of heme degradation by heme oxygenase, oxophlorin to verdoheme and biliverdin, is presented. Density functional theory methods are reported for the conversion of oxophlorin to verdoheme. Since it is currently unclear whether dioxygen binding to iron oxophlorin is followed by a reduction or not, in this work we have focused on the difference in reactivity between [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO˙)] (PO˙ is the oxophlorin dianion radical) and [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO)]- (PO is the oxophlorin trianion). Thus, we have shown that in [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO˙)] and [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO)]-, the mechanisms are stepwise with an initial C-O bond activation to form a ring-structure where the oxophlorin is distorted from planarity. This is followed by homolytic dioxygen bond breaking that directly leads to iron-oxo verdoheme products. The [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO˙)] mechanism proceeds via two-state-reactivity patterns on the adjacent doublet and quartet spin state surfaces, whereas the [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO)]- route shows single-state-reactivity on a triplet spin state surface. In both, the rate determining step is the C-O bond activation, with substantially lower barriers on the [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO˙)] surface of 12.15 kcal mol-1 in the gas phase compared to 22.55 kcal mol-1 for the intermediate-spin of [(Im)(O2˙)FeIII(PO)]-. The complete active space self-consistent-field wave functions with second-order multi-reference perturbation theory were also studied. Finally, the effects of the solvent and the medium on the reaction barriers were tested and shown to be considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Gheidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasser Safari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
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138
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Ibuki A, Minematsu T, Yoshida M, Iizaka S, Matsumoto M, Sugama J, Sanada H. Microsatellite polymorphism in the Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with dermal collagen density in Japanese obese male subjects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199994. [PMID: 30024897 PMCID: PMC6053161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported elevated oxidative stress-related mechanical vulnerabilities of the skin as sparse distributions of hyperechoic areas. Although this helped establish a personalized skin care system to prevent skin disorders related to mechanical stress, obesity-related skin vulnerability involves individual differences. Here, we hypothesized that individual differences are caused by polymorphisms of GT repetitive sequences in the heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) promoter region, which encodes an antioxidant enzyme. This cross-sectional study enrolled healthy male volunteers in a walking classroom aimed at weight control. Subjects with a body mass index <25 kg/m2 were classified as non-obese and those with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were classified as obese. Subject skin was categorized into sparse dermis or normal groups according to the distribution of hyperechoic areas by high-resolution skin ultrasonography (20 MHz). Genomic DNA and mRNA extracted from three body hairs with attached follicle cells were used to analyze GT repetitive sequences of the HMOX1 promoter, HMOX1 mRNA expression levels, and oxidative stress levels (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine). Classifications of GT repetitive sequence of HMOX1 promoter were Short (<27 times) and Long (≥27 times). Higher numbers of subjects with sparse dermis were in the obese group compared with the non-obese group. In obese subjects, the number of subjects that had the Long allele of the HMOX1 promoter with sparse dermis was significantly higher compared with the normal group, whereas no association was observed between the polymorphism and ultrasonographic features in non-obese subjects. Thus, HMOX1 polymorphisms detected a risk of low collagen density in Japanese obese male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ibuki
- Department of Biological Science and Nursing, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/ Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Yoshida
- Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Iizaka
- School of Nutrition, College of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/ Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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139
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Lyles KV, Eichenbaum Z. From Host Heme To Iron: The Expanding Spectrum of Heme Degrading Enzymes Used by Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:198. [PMID: 29971218 PMCID: PMC6018153 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for many bacteria. Since the metal is highly sequestered in host tissues, bound predominantly to heme, pathogenic bacteria often take advantage of heme uptake and degradation mechanisms to acquire iron during infection. The most common mechanism of releasing iron from heme is through oxidative degradation by heme oxygenases (HOs). In addition, an increasing number of proteins that belong to two distinct structural families have been implicated in aerobic heme catabolism. Finally, an enzyme that degrades heme anaerobically was recently uncovered, further expanding the mechanisms for bacterial heme degradation. In this analysis, we cover the spectrum and recent advances in heme degradation by infectious bacteria. We briefly explain heme oxidation by the two groups of recognized HOs to ground readers before focusing on two new types of proteins that are reported to be involved in utilization of heme iron. We discuss the structure and enzymatic function of proteins representing these groups, their biological context, and how they are regulated to provide a more complete look at their cellular role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V Lyles
- Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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140
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Conger MA, Pokhrel D, Liptak MD. Tight binding of heme to Staphylococcus aureus IsdG and IsdI precludes design of a competitive inhibitor. Metallomics 2018; 9:556-563. [PMID: 28401968 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The micromolar equilibrium constants for heme dissociation from IsdG and IsdI reported in the literature call into question whether these enzymes are actually members of the iron-regulated surface determinant system of Staphylococcus aureus, which harvests heme iron from a host during infection. In order to address this question, the heme dissociation constants for IsdG and IsdI were reevaluated using three approaches. The heme dissociation equilibrium constants were measured using a UV/Vis absorption-detected assay analyzed with an assumption-free model, and using a newly developed fluorescence-detected assay. The heme dissociation rate constants were estimated using apomyoglobin competition assays. Analyses of the UV/Vis absorption data revealed a critical flaw in the previous measurements; heme is 99.9% protein-bound at the micromolar concentrations needed for UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, which renders accurate equilibrium constant measurement nearly impossible. However, fluorescence can be measured for more dilute samples, and analyses of these data resulted in dissociation equilibrium constants of 1.4 ± 0.6 nM and 12.9 ± 1.3 nM for IsdG and IsdI, respectively. Analyses of the kinetic data obtained from apomyoglobin competition assays estimated heme dissociation rate constants of 0.022 ± 0.002 s-1 for IsdG and 0.092 ± 0.008 s-1 for IsdI. Based upon these data, and what is known regarding the post-translational regulation of IsdG and IsdI, it is proposed that only IsdG is a member of the heme iron acquisition pathway and IsdI regulates heme homeostasis. Furthermore, the nanomolar dissociation constants mean that heme is bound tightly by IsdG and indicates that competitive inhibition of this protein will be difficult. Instead, uncompetitive inhibition based upon a detailed understanding of enzyme mechanism is a more promising antibiotic development strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Conger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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141
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Kashfi K. The dichotomous role of H 2S in cancer cell biology? Déjà vu all over again. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:205-223. [PMID: 29397935 PMCID: PMC5866221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of rotten eggs. Both are toxic yet they are gasotransmitters of physiological relevance. There appears to be an uncanny resemblance between the general actions of these two gasotransmitters in health and disease. The role of NO and H2S in cancer has been quite perplexing, as both tumor promotion and inflammatory activities as well as anti-tumor and antiinflammatory properties have been described. These paradoxes have been explained for both gasotransmitters in terms of each having a dual or biphasic effect that is dependent on the local flux of each gas. In this review/commentary, I have discussed the major roles of NO and H2S in carcinogenesis, evaluating their dual nature, focusing on the enzymes that contribute to this paradox and evaluate the pros and cons of inhibiting or inducing each of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, NY, USA.
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142
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Emerging role of carbon monoxide in regulation of cellular pathways and in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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143
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The macrophage heme-heme oxygenase-1 system and its role in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:159-167. [PMID: 29452096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the inducible isoform of the heme-degrading enzyme HO, plays a critical role in inflammation and iron homeostasis. Regulatory functions of HO-1 are mediated via the catalytic breakdown of heme, which is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole complex with potential pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, the HO reaction produces the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin, subsequently converted into bilirubin, along with iron, which is reutilized for erythropoiesis. HO-1 is up-regulated by a plethora of stimuli and injuries in most cell types and tissues and provides salutary effects by restoring physiological homeostasis. Notably, HO-1 exhibits critical immuno-modulatory functions in macrophages, which are a major cell population of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Macrophages play key roles as sentinels and regulators of the immune system and HO-1 in these cells appears to be of critical importance for driving resolution of inflammatory responses. In this review, the complex functions and regulatory mechanisms of HO-1 in macrophages will be high-lighted. A particular focus will be the intricate interactions of HO-1 with its substrate heme, which play a contradictory role in distinct physiological and pathophysiological settings. The therapeutic potential of targeted modulation of the macrophage heme-HO-1 system will be discussed in the context of inflammatory disorders.
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144
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Myeloid Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates the Acute Inflammatory Response to Zymosan in the Mouse Air Pouch. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5053091. [PMID: 29599896 PMCID: PMC5828097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5053091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced by many stimuli to modulate the activation and function of different cell types during innate immune responses. Although HO-1 has shown anti-inflammatory effects in different systems, there are few data on the contribution of myeloid HO-1 and its role in inflammatory processes is not well understood. To address this point, we have used HO-1M-KO mice with myeloid-restricted deletion of HO-1 to specifically investigate its influence on the acute inflammatory response to zymosan in vivo. In the mouse air pouch model, we have shown an exacerbated inflammation in HO-1M-KO mice with increased neutrophil infiltration accompanied by high levels of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2. The expression of the degradative enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was also enhanced. In addition, we observed higher levels of serum MMP-3 in HO-1M-KO mice compared with control mice, suggesting the presence of systemic inflammation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that myeloid HO-1 plays an anti-inflammatory role in the acute response to zymosan in vivo and suggest the interest of this target to regulate inflammatory processes.
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145
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Walter-Nuno AB, Taracena ML, Mesquita RD, Oliveira PL, Paiva-Silva GO. Silencing of Iron and Heme-Related Genes Revealed a Paramount Role of Iron in the Physiology of the Hematophagous Vector Rhodnius prolixus. Front Genet 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29456553 PMCID: PMC5801409 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for most organisms However, free iron and heme, its complex with protoporphyrin IX, can be extremely cytotoxic, due to the production of reactive oxygen species, eventually leading to oxidative stress. Thus, eukaryotic cells control iron availability by regulating its transport, storage and excretion as well as the biosynthesis and degradation of heme. In the genome of Rhodnius prolixus, the vector of Chagas disease, we identified 36 genes related to iron and heme metabolism We performed a comprehensive analysis of these genes, including identification of homologous genes described in other insect genomes. We observed that blood-meal modulates the expression of ferritin, Iron Responsive protein (IRP), Heme Oxygenase (HO) and the heme exporter Feline Leukemia Virus C Receptor (FLVCR), components of major pathways involved in the regulation of iron and heme metabolism, particularly in the posterior midgut (PM), where an intense release of free heme occurs during the course of digestion. Knockdown of these genes impacted the survival of nymphs and adults, as well as molting, oogenesis and embryogenesis at different rates and time-courses. The silencing of FLVCR caused the highest levels of mortality in nymphs and adults and reduced nymph molting. The oogenesis was mildly affected by the diminished expression of all of the genes whereas embryogenesis was dramatically impaired by the knockdown of ferritin expression. Furthermore, an intense production of ROS in the midgut of blood-fed insects occurs when the expression of ferritin, but not HO, was inhibited. In this manner, the degradation of dietary heme inside the enterocytes may represent an oxidative challenge that is counteracted by ferritins, conferring to this protein a major antioxidant role. Taken together these results demonstrate that the regulation of iron and heme metabolism is of paramount importance for R. prolixus physiology and imbalances in the levels of these key proteins after a blood- meal can be extremely deleterious to the insects in their various stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Walter-Nuno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mabel L Taracena
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael D Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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146
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Elbirt KK, Bonkovsky HL. Heme Oxygenase: Recent Advances in Understanding Its Regulation and Role. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/paa.1999.111.5.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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147
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Kaartokallio T, Utge S, Klemetti MM, Paananen J, Pulkki K, Romppanen J, Tikkanen I, Heinonen S, Kajantie E, Kere J, Kivinen K, Pouta A, Lakkisto P, Laivuori H. Fetal Microsatellite in the Heme Oxygenase 1 Promoter Is Associated With Severe and Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2018; 71:95-102. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a vascular pregnancy disorder that often involves impaired placental development. HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1, encoded by
HMOX1
) is a stress response enzyme crucial for endothelial and placental function. Long version of the guanine–thymine (GT
n
) microsatellite in the
HMOX1
promoter decreases HO-1 expression, and the long maternal repeat is associated with late-onset preeclampsia. Our aim was to study whether the length of fetal repeat is associated with mother’s preeclampsia, whether the length of fetal and maternal repeats affect HO-1 levels in placenta and maternal serum, and whether HO-1 levels are altered in preeclampsia. We genotyped the repeat in the cord blood of 609 preeclamptic and 745 nonpreeclamptic neonates. HO-1 levels were measured in 36 placental samples, and in the first (222 cases/243 controls) and third (176 cases/53 controls) pregnancy trimester serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The long fetal GT
n
repeat was associated with preeclampsia and its severe and early-onset subtypes. Interaction analysis suggested the maternal and fetal effects to be independent. Placental or serum HO-1 levels were not altered in preeclamptics, possibly reflecting heterogeneity of preeclampsia. Carriers of the long fetal and maternal repeats had lower placental and serum HO-1 levels, respectively, providing functional evidence for the association. We conclude that the long fetal GT
n
repeat may increase mother’s risk for especially severe and early-onset preeclampsia. The fetal and maternal risk alleles likely predispose to different disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kaartokallio
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Siddheshwar Utge
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Miira M. Klemetti
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Jussi Paananen
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Kari Pulkki
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Jarkko Romppanen
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Eero Kajantie
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Juha Kere
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Katja Kivinen
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Anneli Pouta
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- From Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital (T.K., S.U., M.M.K., H.L.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.M.K., S.H.), Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital (I.T.), Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital (P.L.), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (E.K.), Molecular Neurology Research Program (J.K.), and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE Unit (H.L.), University of Helsinki
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148
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Li M, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Otterbein LE, Wegiel B. Carbon monoxide induces chromatin remodelling to facilitate endothelial cell migration. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:951-9. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryVascular injury to vessel endothelial cells (EC), caused by either mechanical damage or chronic inflammation, is still awaiting effective therapies. In the present study we hypothesised that carbon monoxide (CO) acts on the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα to induce chromatin modification and endothelial cell migration. We demonstrate that administration of low, safe doses of exogenous CO enhances endothelial cell (EC) migration, which occurs in part through chromatin remodelling and histone H3 acetylation. Further, we show that the effects of CO are dependent on inhibition of phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β), activation of haem synthesis, and increased expression of Rev-erbα. Rev-erbα is a haem-containing transcription factor which in response to CO binds to target DNA, recruits the Histone Deacetylase/nuclear Receptor Corepressor (HDAC/N-CoR) complex, and regulates transcription of genes responsible for endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Decreased levels of Rev-erbα in chimeric mice after bone marrow transplant from Rev-erbα following bone marrow transplantation from rev-erb+/− mice resulted in loss of protective effects of CO against neointima formation after wire injury. Collectively, CO modifies chromatin structure through enhanced acetylation of histone H3 via a GSK3β-Rev-erbα-mediated pathway to increase EC migration. We propose that CO enhances vessel repair following injury in part by regulating EPC/EC motility via Rev-erbα. Thus, inhaled CO may be beneficial in the treatment of vascular syndromes associated with dysregulated thrombosis, wound healing, and angiogenesis.
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149
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Schaefer B, Moriishi K, Behrends S. Insights into the mechanism of isoenzyme-specific signal peptide peptidase-mediated translocation of heme oxygenase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188344. [PMID: 29155886 PMCID: PMC5695791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that signal peptide peptidase (SPP) can catalyze the intramembrane cleavage of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) that leads to translocation of HO-1 into the cytosol and nucleus. While there is consensus that translocated HO-1 promotes tumor progression and drug resistance, the physiological signals leading to SPP-mediated intramembrane cleavage of HO-1 and the specificity of the process remain unclear. In this study, we used co-immunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate the translocation mechanism of HO-1 and its regulation by SPP. We show that HO-1 and the closely related HO-2 isoenzyme bind to SPP under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxic conditions SPP mediates intramembrane cleavage of HO-1, but not HO-2. In experiments with an inactive HO-1 mutant (H25A) we show that translocation is independent of the catalytic activity of HO-1. Studies with HO-1 / HO-2 chimeras indicate that the membrane anchor, the PEST-domain and the nuclear shuttle sequence of HO-1 are necessary for full cleavage and subsequent translocation under hypoxic conditions. In the presence of co-expressed exogenous SPP, the anchor and the PEST-domain are sufficient for translocation. Taken together, we identified the domains involved in HO-1 translocation and showed that SPP-mediated cleavage is isoform-specific and independent of HO-activity. A closer understanding of the translocation mechanism of HO-1 is of particular importance because nuclear HO-1 seems to lead to tumor progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Soenke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
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Ryter SW, Ma KC, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C211-C227. [PMID: 29118026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas that has gained recognition as a biological signal transduction effector with properties similar, but not identical, to that of nitric oxide (NO). CO, which binds primarily to heme iron, may activate the hemoprotein guanylate cyclase, although with lower potency than NO. Furthermore, CO can modulate the activities of several cellular signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, NF-κB, and others. Emerging studies suggest that mitochondria, the energy-generating organelle of cells, represent a key target of CO action in eukaryotes. Dose-dependent modulation of mitochondrial function by CO can result in alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, release of proapoptotic and proinflammatory mediators, as well as the inhibition of respiration at high concentration. CO, through modulation of signaling pathways, can impact key biological processes including autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cellular proliferation, inflammation, and innate immune responses. Inhaled CO is widely known as an inhalation hazard due to its rapid complexation with hemoglobin, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues and hypoxemia. Despite systemic and cellular toxicity at high concentrations, CO has demonstrated cyto- and tissue-protective effects at low concentration in animal models of organ injury and disease. These include models of acute lung injury (e.g., hyperoxia, hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, mechanical ventilation, bleomycin) and sepsis. The success of CO as a candidate therapeutic in preclinical models suggests potential clinical application in inflammatory and proliferative disorders, which is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Kevin C Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
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