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Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, Pu W, Niu M, Song S, Wei L, Ding Y, Xu L, Tian M, Wang H. Respiratory exposure to PM2.5 soluble extract disrupts mucosal barrier function and promotes the development of experimental asthma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139145. [PMID: 32402975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are important factors that contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma, but experimental evidence still needs to be collected and the mechanisms still need to be addressed. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and asthma development. The effects of PM2.5 exposure on the barrier functions of airway epithelial cells were also determined. METHODS PM2.5 was collected from Nanjing, China, and its soluble extract was prepared. Human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with different concentrations of soluble PM2.5 extract, and cell viability was detected by FACS using Annexin V-FITC staining. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory events were assessed by DCF-DA staining and qPCR. PM2.5-induced dysfunction of the airway epithelial barrier was assessed by measuring the expression of tight junction molecules. In vivo, BALB/c mice were treated with OVA in the presence or absence of PM2.5 solution, followed by exposure to OVA aerosols. Allergy-induced airway inflammation and lung injury were assessed by histopathological analyses. RESULTS Soluble PM2.5 extract exposure in vitro decreased the viability and increased apoptosis of airway epithelial cells. Soluble PM2.5 extract induced oxidative stress and enhanced pro-inflammatory factor expression by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, which were accompanied by reduced airway barrier function. The in vivo data demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure increased the effects of allergy sensitization after respiratory exposure to allergens, which led to the development of asthma. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to soluble PM2.5 extract contributes to airway barrier dysfunction. The soluble mediators generated by airway epithelial cells in response to PM2.5 exposure orchestrate the breaking of inhalational tolerance and sensitization to allergic antigens, leading to the exacerbated development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yibing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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Tan Y, Deng W, Zhang Y, Ke M, Zou B, Luo X, Su J, Wang Y, Xu J, Nandakumar KS, Liu Y, Zhou X, Li X. A marine fungus-derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid suppresses receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone destruction. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4242-4260. [PMID: 32608081 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoclasts are unique cells to absorb bone. Targeting osteoclast differentiation is a therapeutic strategy for osteolytic diseases. Natural marine products have already become important sources of new drugs. The naturally occurring nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids first identified from marine fungi in 1998 are bioactive compounds with a special structure, but their pharmacological functions are largely unknown. Here, we investigated six marine fungus-derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids on osteoclastogenesis and elucidated the mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Compounds were first tested by RANKL-induced NF-κB luciferase activity and osteoclastic TRAP assay, followed by molecular docking to characterize the structure-activity relationship. The effects and mechanisms of the most potent nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were further evaluated in vitro. Micro-CT and histology analysis were used to assess the prevention of bone destruction by nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids in vivo. KEY RESULTS Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4, with a nitrobenzoyl moiety at C-14 and a hydroxyl group at C-9, was the most active compound on NF-κB activity and osteoclastogenesis. Consequently, nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 exhibited suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption from 0.5 μM. It blocked RANKL-induced IκBa phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, NFATc1 activation, reduced DC-STAMP but not c-Fos expression during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 also ameliorated LPS-induced osteolysis in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlighted nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 as a novel inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. This marine-derived sesquiterpenoid is a promising lead compound for the treatment of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Tan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wende Deng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhong Ke
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Xu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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103
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Yilmaz BD, Sison CAM, Yildiz S, Miyazaki K, Coon V J, Yin P, Bulun SE. Genome-wide estrogen receptor-α binding and action in human endometrial stromal cells. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:59-66. [PMID: 35559740 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the gene targets of estradiol (E2)-estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) in human endometrial stromal cells. DESIGN Basic science. SETTING University research center. PATIENT(S) Premenopausal women with or without endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Primary cultures of human endometrial stromal cells from healthy endometrium, with or without small-interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of ESR1 expression, were treated with E2 or vehicle control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genome-wide RNA expression by RNA sequencing was compared in endometrial stromal cells with or without siRNA knockdown of ESR1 in the presence or absence of E2. Genome-wide recruitment of ESR1 to chromatin was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Gene expression by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction of a potential E2-ESR1 target gene was determined in endometrial stromal cells and endometriotic stromal cells. RESULT(S) We identified several important pathways that are dependent on E2-ESR1 signaling in endometrial stromal cells, including progesterone signaling, cell-matrix adhesion, and cytoskeleton rearrangement, as well as paracrine signaling by members of the fibroblast growth factor family. We detected a total of 709 ESR1 target sites on chromatin. By integrating data on genome-wide transcriptomic changes and E2-ESR1 binding sites, we identified inositol polyphosphate phosphatase type II (INPP4B) as a candidate E2-mediated suppressor of proliferation in healthy endometrial cells. INPP4B was downregulated in endometriosis-derived stromal cells. CONCLUSION(S) E2-ESR1 activates genes involved in human endometrial stromal cell cycle regulation, progesterone response, and production of stromal growth factors. Understanding the direct role of estrogen on the endometrial stroma and identifying downstream targets of E2-ESR1 can inform the development of targeted therapies for endometriosis and diminished endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar D Yilmaz
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christia A M Sison
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sule Yildiz
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaoru Miyazaki
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Coon V
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ping Yin
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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104
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De Vita S, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Chini MG. From Natural Compounds to Bioactive Molecules through NMR and
In Silico
Methodologies. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Vita
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Stefania Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Ines Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory University of Molise C.da Fonte Lappone‐ 86090 Pesche (IS) Italy
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Abstract
Stroke remains a major unmet clinical need that warrants novel therapies. Following an ischemic insult, the cerebral vasculature secretes inflammatory molecules, creating the stroke vasculome profile. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of endothelial cells on the inflammation-associated stroke vasculome. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that specific inflammation-related vasculome genes BRM, IκB, Foxf1, and ITIH-5 significantly upregulated by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD. Interestingly, co-culture of human endothelial cells (HEN6) with human endothelial cells (EPCs) during OGD significantly blocked the elevations of BRM, IκB, and Foxf1, but not ITIH-5. Next, employing the knockdown/antisense technology, silencing the inflammation-associated stroke vasculome gene, IκB, as opposed to scrambled knockdown, blocked the EPC-mediated protection of HEN6 against OGD. In vivo, stroke animals transplanted with intracerebral human EPCs (300,000 cells) into the striatum and cortex 4 h post ischemic stroke displayed significant behavioral recovery up to 30 days post-transplantation compared to vehicle-treated stroke animals. At 7 days post-transplantation, quantification of the fluorescent staining intensity in the cortex and striatum revealed significant upregulation of the endothelial marker RECA1 and a downregulation of the stroke-associated vasculome BRM, IKB, Foxf1, ITIH-5 and PMCA2 in the ipsilateral side of cortex and striatum of EPC-transplanted stroke animals relative to vehicle-treated stroke animals. Altogether, these results demonstrate that EPCs exert therapeutic effects in experimental stroke possibly by modulating the inflammation-plagued vasculome.
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106
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Langgartner D, Wachter U, Hartmann C, Gröger M, Vogt J, Merz T, McCook O, Fink M, Kress S, Georgieff M, Kunze JF, Radermacher PL, Reber SO, Wepler M. Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Subsequent Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Male Mice. Shock 2020; 51:725-730. [PMID: 29889818 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxemia and tissue ischemia during hemorrhage as well as formation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals during resuscitation promote hyperinflammation and, consequently, trigger severe multi-organ failure (MOF). Individuals diagnosed with stress-related disorders or reporting a life history of psychosocial stress are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and a reduced glucocorticoid (GC) signaling. We hypothesized that exposure to chronic psychosocial stress during adulthood prior to hemorrhagic shock increases oxidative/nitrosative stress and therefore the risk of developing MOF in mice. METHODS AND FINDINGS To induce chronic psychosocial stress linked to mild immune activation and reduced GC signaling in male mice, the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm was employed. Single-housed (SHC) mice were used as controls. Subsequently, CSC and SHC mice were exposed to hemorrhagic shock following resuscitation to investigate the effects of prior psychosocial stress load on survival, organ function, metabolism, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory readouts. An increased adrenal weight in CSC mice indicates that the stress paradigm reliably worked. However, no effect of prior psychosocial stress on outcome after subsequent hemorrhage and resuscitation could be detected. CONCLUSIONS Chronic psychosocial stress during adulthood is not sufficient to promote hemodynamic complications, organ dysfunction, metabolic disturbances and did not increase the risk of MOF after subsequent hemorrhage and resuscitation. Intravenous norepinephrine to keep target hemodynamics might have led to a certain level of oxidative stress in both groups and, therefore, disguised potential effects of chronic psychosocial stress on organ function after hemorrhagic shock in the present murine trauma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clair Hartmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Vogt
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Fink
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kress
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Julia F Kunze
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter L Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wepler
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Anti-atherosclerotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 in ApoE -/- mice through modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6337-6350. [PMID: 32472174 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by monocyte infiltration and cholesterol deposition into the subendothelial area, resulting in foam cell development. Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for health when administered orally in adequate amounts. In this study, 8-week-old atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed with or without Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 per day for 12 weeks. Serum was collected to analyse the lipid profile, oxidative status and proinflammatory cytokines. The heart was isolated to quantify the atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic arch. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the aorta. The proteins extracted from the aorta were used for Western blot analysis to assess the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα). The composition of gut microbiota was also examined through high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the daily consumption of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 had no effect on body weight and lipid profile. L. plantarum ATCC 14917 treatment significantly inhibited atherosclerotic lesion formation. In addition, the oxLDL, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced, whereas the SOD level was induced in the bacteria + high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the administration of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 significantly attenuated IκBα protein degradation and inhibited the translocation of P65 subunits of NF-κB. L. plantarum ATCC 14917 treatment also modulated the composition of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings showed that L. plantarum ATCC 14917 supplementation decreases the progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation by alleviating the inflammatory process and lowering oxidative stress.
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108
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Liu R, Su C, Xu Y, Shang K, Sun K, Li C, Lu J. Identifying potential active components of walnut leaf that action diabetes mellitus through integration of UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and network pharmacology analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112659. [PMID: 32058009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut leaf (WL) is a hypoglycemic herbal medication with blood glucose-lowering activity that can affect diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the active components of WL and the mechanisms by which these compounds affect DM are unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to determine these effective ingredients and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which they affect DM via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) coupled with network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was utilized to identify components of WL. Second, the putative targets of the components were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity and online databases. Third, the key candidate targets and potential active components were identified through topological analysis of a component-disease target interaction network. Finally, interactions between active components and therapeutic targets were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. RESULTS One hundred and thirty components were identified in WL, among which 38 were considered potentially bioactive, as they showed hypoglycemic effects. Among these 38, 8 key active components possessed high similarities and shared 4 targets with approved drugs. These findings were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The approach combining UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS with network pharmacology analysis is a rapid and effective tool to identify potentially bioactive constituents in medicinal plants and prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Chaonan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Kangle Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Kang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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109
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Gu Q, Wang B, Zhao H, Wang W, Wang P, Deng Y. LncRNA promoted inflammatory response in ischemic heart failure through regulation of miR-455-3p/TRAF6 axis. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:667-681. [PMID: 32350569 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is the most common cause of death globally. Growing evidence shows abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs in heart failure patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) on the regulation of the inflammatory response in ischemic heart failure. METHODS IHF rat and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) cell models were established. qRT-PCR was employed to investigate the expression of SOX2-OT. ELISA, western blot and cell viability/apoptosis assays were performed to assess the effects of SOX2-OT. Online software program was used to identify miRNAs that target SOX2-OT, followed by validation using RNA pull-down. Potential targets of miRNAs were searched, and examined by immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS SOX2-OT was up-regulated in IHF and OGD. Knockdown of SOX2-OT promoted cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis rate and cell oxidative damage, and ameliorated inflammatory response. SOX2-OT contains binding sites for miR-455-3p, miR-5586-3p and miR-1252-5p. RNA pull-down confirmed the binding ability between SOX2-OT and miR-455-3p. TRAF6 is a direct target of miR-455-3p. Moreover, the regulatory activity of SOX2-OT on inflammatory response was partially through its negative regulation of miR-455-3p, which directly regulates TRAF6. Down-regulation of SOX2-OT improved myocardial dysfunction in IHF rat. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that SOX2-OT may be a driver of IHF through repression of miR-455-3p, and miR-455-3p alleviates IHF by targeting TRAF6. Therefore, SOX2-OT/miR-455-3p/TRAF6 may be a potential target for advanced therapeutic strategy for IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gu
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Pengsheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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Kong LR, Ong RW, Tan TZ, Mohamed Salleh NAB, Thangavelu M, Chan JV, Koh LYJ, Periyasamy G, Lau JA, Le TBU, Wang L, Lee M, Kannan S, Verma CS, Lim CM, Chng WJ, Lane DP, Venkitaraman A, Hung HT, Cheok CF, Goh BC. Targeting codon 158 p53-mutant cancers via the induction of p53 acetylation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2086. [PMID: 32350249 PMCID: PMC7190866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of function (GOF) DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations of TP53 upregulate chromatin regulatory genes that promote genome-wide histone methylation and acetylation. Here, we therapeutically exploit the oncogenic GOF mechanisms of p53 codon 158 (Arg158) mutation, a DBD mutant found to be prevalent in lung carcinomas. Using high throughput compound screening and combination analyses, we uncover that acetylating mutp53R158G could render cancers susceptible to cisplatin-induced DNA stress. Acetylation of mutp53R158G alters DNA binding motifs and upregulates TRAIP, a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase which dephosphorylates IĸB and impedes nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), thus repressing oncogenic nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) signaling and inducing apoptosis. Given that this mechanism of cytotoxic vulnerability appears inapt in p53 wild-type (WT) or other hotspot GOF mutp53 cells, our work provides a therapeutic opportunity specific to Arg158-mutp53 tumors utilizing a regimen consisting of DNA-damaging agents and mutp53 acetylators, which is currently being pursued clinically. Codon 158 gain-of-function mutant p53 (158-mutp53) promotes tumourigenesis in lung cancer. Here, the authors show that 158-mutp53 render cancers sensitive to cisplatin and p53 acetylation agents through a mechanism where acetylated mutant p53 upregulates TRAIP and inhibits NF-ĸB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Richard Weijie Ong
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Matan Thangavelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jane Vin Chan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Lie Yong Judice Koh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Periyasamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jieying Amelia Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Division of Surgical Oncology (Head and Neck Surgery), National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ashok Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Huynh The Hung
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chit Fang Cheok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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111
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Wang R, Li Q, He Y, Yang Y, Ma Q, Li C. miR-29c-3p inhibits microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting NFAT5 in Parkinson's disease. Genes Cells 2020; 25:364-374. [PMID: 32160394 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglial inflammation is identified as a key process associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Our previous study showed that miR-29c-3p (miR-29c) exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in PD animal and neuronal models. However, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of miR-29c played in microglia are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were used to establish a cellular model of microglial activation for investigating PD. The results showed a decreased expression of miR-29c in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Over-expression of miR-29c suppressed LPS-triggered Iba-1 increment, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and NF-кB and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Silence of miR-29c induced similar effects with LPS on microglial inflammation. In addition, we found that NFAT5 was negatively correlated with miR-29c. Knockdown of NFAT5 blocked the aggravated inflammation in microglia treated by miR-29c inhibitor. Thus, these findings suggest that miR-29c modulates NLRP3 inflammasome to impair microglial inflammatory responses by targeting NFAT5, which represents a promising therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya He
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoya Ma
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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112
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Hu X, Chen LF. Pinning Down the Transcription: A Role for Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase Pin1 in Gene Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:179. [PMID: 32266261 PMCID: PMC7100383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that specifically binds to a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue preceding a proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bond, resulting in conformational change of its substrates. Pin1 regulates many biological processes and is also involved in the development of human diseases, like cancer and neurological diseases. Many Pin1 substrates are transcription factors and transcription regulators, including RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and factors associated with transcription initiation, elongation, termination and post-transcription mRNA decay. By changing the stability, subcellular localization, protein-protein or protein-DNA/RNA interactions of these transcription related proteins, Pin1 modulates the transcription of many genes related to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. Here, we will discuss how Pin regulates the properties of these transcription relevant factors for effective gene expression and how Pin1-mediated transcription contributes to the diverse pathophysiological functions of Pin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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113
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Duda P, Hajka D, Wójcicka O, Rakus D, Gizak A. GSK3β: A Master Player in Depressive Disorder Pathogenesis and Treatment Responsiveness. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030727. [PMID: 32188010 PMCID: PMC7140610 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), originally described as a negative regulator of glycogen synthesis, is a molecular hub linking numerous signaling pathways in a cell. Specific GSK3β inhibitors have anti-depressant effects and reduce depressive-like behavior in animal models of depression. Therefore, GSK3β is suggested to be engaged in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, and to be a target and/or modifier of anti-depressants’ action. In this review, we discuss abnormalities in the activity of GSK3β and its upstream regulators in different brain regions during depressive episodes. Additionally, putative role(s) of GSK3β in the pathogenesis of depression and the influence of anti-depressants on GSK3β activity are discussed.
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114
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Ma L, Chen L, Li H, Ge L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Huang H, Shi L, Li T, Gu H, Lyu J, He L. Primaquine phosphate induces the apoptosis of ATRA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:685-693. [PMID: 32125014 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0120-061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a chromosomal translocation, most of which result in the production of a PML-RAR alpha fusion protein. Although the overall survival rate of APL patients has improved dramatically due to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, ATRA-resistance remains a clinical challenge in the management of APL. Therefore, alternative agents should be considered for ATRA-resistant APL patients. Here, we report that antimalaria drug primaquine phosphate (PRQ) exhibits an anti-leukemia effect on both ATRA-sensitive cell line NB4 and ATRA-resistant APL cell lines, NB4-LR2, NB4-LR1, and NB4-MR2. Moreover, PRQ significantly inhibited primary colony formation of untreated or relapsed APL patients. Further study showed that PRQ could induce the apoptosis of APL cells by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. The in vivo study showed that PRQ significantly inhibited NB4-LR2 xenograft tumors growth. These results suggest that PRQ is a potential therapeutic agent for ATRA-resistant APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lianjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Internal Medicine of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuzhi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licai He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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115
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Tang C, Zhao R, Ni H, Zhao K, He Y, Fang S, Chen Q. Molecule mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum treated hepatocellular carcinoma based on the transcriptional profiles and miRNA-target network. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110028. [PMID: 32106374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has salutary effects on tumor treatment, including pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Ganoderma lucidum therapy is obscure. In this study, the Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mouse model was utilized to explore the therapeutic efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE), documenting that it could effectively inhibit tumor growth. The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of GLE-treated and untreated mice were detected, and 25 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were determined, including 24 up-expressed and one down-expressed miRNAs. Using the ClusterOne algorithm, 8 hub miRNAs were isolated from the established miRNA-target network. The qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that these 8 miRNAs were up-expressed in the GLE treated tumor mice. Furthermore, the mRNA profiles showed that there are 76 DE mRNAs between GLE treated and model groups. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network shows that Cntn1, Irs1, Nfkbia, Rybp and Ywhaz playing important roles, and qRT-PCR further revealed they were down-expressed in GLE treated Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mice. The rebuilt miRNA-target network was shown that these 5 mRNAs were regulated by mmu-mir-23a-5p, -3102-3p, -337-3p, and -467a-3p, respectively. This study suggested that these 4 interesting miRNAs were potential biomarkers for evaluation of GLE efficacy, which may down-regulate the expression of Cntn1, Irs1, Nfkbia, Rybp and Ywhaz, and mediate many signaling pathways occurring in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruolin Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongmei Ni
- School of Basic Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - YuMin He
- School of Basic Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shengquan Fang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Qilong Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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116
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Shoji S, Hanada K, Takahashi M, Watanabe K, Yonemochi M, Tomabechi Y, Shirouzu M. The NF-κB regulator IκBβ exhibits different molecular interactivity and phosphorylation status from IκBα in an IKK2-catalysed reaction. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1532-1549. [PMID: 32017069 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor, a central player in immune response regulation, is based on phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) by the Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) that triggers IκBα degradation. Although inhibitor of kappaB beta (IκBβ) is structurally similar to IκBα, its precise characteristics remain undefined. Herein, we report that the molecular interactivity of IκBβ with the kinase-active region of IKK subunit 2 (IKK2), as well as its phosphorylation status, differs markedly from those of IκBα. A mass spectrometry analysis revealed that IκBβ phosphorylation sites are distributed in its C-terminal region, whereas IκBα phosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal region. Furthermore, IKK2 phosphorylation sites in IκBβ are found in a region distinct from typical degradation signals, such as phosphodegron and proline/glutamic acid/serine/threonine-rich sequence (PEST) motifs. Mutation of the IκBβ phosphorylation sites enhances its resistance to homeostatic proteasomal degradation. These findings contribute a novel concept in NF-κB/IKK signalling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisako Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Hanada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuri Tomabechi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
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117
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Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is often acidic due to poor vascular perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased glycolytic activity of tumor cells. Although acidosis is harmful to most types of cells, tumor cells seem well adapted to such harsh conditions. Moreover, overwhelming evidence indicates that tumor cells are more invasive and more aggressive in acidic conditions by a cascade of cell signaling and upregulation of oncogenic gene expression. Therefore, how extracellular acidic signals are transduced to the cytoplasm and then into the nucleus is an interesting topic to many cancer researchers. In this review, we update on the recent advances in acidosis-induced tumorigenesis through the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and activation of cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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118
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Li C, Yu J, Ai K, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Wei X, Yang J. IκBα phosphorylation and associated NF-κB activation are essential events in lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and anti-bacterial adaptive immune response of Nile tilapia. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103526. [PMID: 31655126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory protein IκBα plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process and immune response by regulating the activity of transcription factor NF-κB. In teleost, great progress has been achieved regarding NF-κB signaling for innate immunity, but whether this pathway modulates adaptive immunity, and how, remains largely unclear. In this study, after characterizing the sequence, structure, and phylogeny of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus IκBα (defined as On-IκBα), we investigated the association between IκBα-regulated NF-κB activation and the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response in Nile tilapia. We found that On-IκBα was evolutionarily conserved, and its mRNA was expressed widely in various tissues, with most abundance in the trunk kidney. mRNA expression of On-IκBα was significantly upregulated in spleen at both innate and adaptive immune stages after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Moreover, phosphorylation of On-IκBα and the downstream On-NF-κB p65 was obviously elevated in spleen leukocytes at 3, 5, or 8 days after A. hydrophila infection, indicating the activation of NF-κB signaling. Correlating with the augmented protein phosphorylation, leukocyte proliferation was enhanced during the same immune stage, suggesting the potential association of IκBα and IκBα-regulated NF-κB signaling in the primary adaptive immune response. Although lymphocyte activation by the T cell-specific mitogen PHA did not alter On-IκBα mRNA expression significantly, lymphocyte activation by the agonist PMA obviously elevated On-IκBα and OnNF-κB p65 phosphorylation in spleen leukocytes. Together, the results suggest that IκBα phosphorylation and its regulated NF-κB activation are essential events associated with lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and anti-bacterial adaptive immune response in Nile tilapia. Our study aids to understand the regulatory mechanism of adaptive immunity in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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119
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Dave K, Gasic AG, Cheung MS, Gruebele M. Competition of individual domain folding with inter-domain interaction in WW domain engineered repeat proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24393-24405. [PMID: 31663524 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07775d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered repeat proteins have proven to be a fertile ground for studying the competition between folding, misfolding and transient aggregation of tethered protein domains. We examine the interplay between folding and inter-domain interactions of engineered FiP35 WW domain repeat proteins with n = 1 through 5 repeats. We characterize protein expression, thermal and guanidium melts, as well as laser T-jump kinetics. All experimental data is fitted by a global fitting model with two states per domain (U, N), plus a third state M to account for non-native states due to domain interactions present in all but the monomer. A detailed structural model is provided by coarse-grained simulated annealing using the AWSEM Hamiltonian. Tethered FiP35 WW domains with n = 2 and 3 domains are just slightly less stable than the monomer. The n = 4 oligomer is yet less stable, its expression yield is much lower than the monomer's, and depends on the purification tag used. The n = 5 plasmid did not express at all, indicating the sudden onset of aggregation past n = 4. Thus, tethered FiP35 has a critical nucleus size for inter-domain aggregation of n ≈ 4. According to our simulations, misfolded structures become increasingly prevalent as one proceeds from monomer to pentamer, with extended inter-domain beta sheets appearing first, then multi-sheet 'intramolecular amyloid' structures, and finally novel motifs containing alpha helices. We discuss the implications of our results for oligomeric aggregate formation and structure, transient aggregation of proteins whilst folding, as well as for protein evolution that starts with repeat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dave
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Li Q, Xi J, Li B, Li N. MiR‐16, as a potential NF‐κB‐related miRNA, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS‐induced myocarditis via mediating CD40 expression: A preliminary study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22426. [PMID: 31777165 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineAnqiu People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
| | - Jing Xi
- Department of CardiologyAnqiu People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
| | - Bing‐Qiang Li
- Department of CardiologyAnqiu People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of CardiologyAnqiu People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
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121
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Sanz-Martínez MT, Moga E, Sánchez Martínez MA, Zamora Atenza C, Vidal S, Juárez C, Puig L. High Levels of Platelet-Lymphocyte Complexes in Patients with Psoriasis Are Associated with a Better Response to Anti-TNF-α Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:1176-1183. [PMID: 31778714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is currently considered to be an immune-mediated disease whose patho-mechanisms involve platelet activation, which seems to correlate with the activity of the disease. Platelet activation is associated with the formation of platelet-lymphocyte complexes (PLyC), although their significance remains unknown. Moreover, biological treatments that target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) reduce platelet activation. To clarify the significance of PLyC, we compared their levels in patients with psoriasis with those of healthy donors and determined whether platelet binding modifies the secretion of IL-17A by T helper cells. Finally, we assessed the effect of anti-TNF-α treatment on PLyC in responder and non-responder patients with psoriasis. Ours results demonstrated an increase in PLyC in patients with psoriasis. Moreover, the percentage of IL-17-secreting cells was observed to be higher in the platelet-lymphocyte complex population, and these cells tended to secrete greater amounts of IL-17A. Psoriasis patients treated with anti-TNF-α normalized platelet-lymphocyte complex values, and the basal percentage of platelet-T helper lymphocyte complexes was significantly higher in the responder group. In conclusion, PLyC are increased in psoriasis patients, and the number of complexes decreases in response to anti-TNF-α treatment, specifically in the responder group of patients. This finding suggests that PLyC are a prognostic biomarker of response to anti-TNF-α therapy, but prospective studies are necessary to verify these results in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Moga
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Zamora Atenza
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cándido Juárez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Coto-Segura P, Coto E, González-Lara L, Alonso B, Gómez J, Cuesta-Llavona E, Queiro R. Gene Variant in the NF- κB Pathway Inhibitor NFKBIA Distinguishes Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis within the Spectrum of Psoriatic Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1030256. [PMID: 31815120 PMCID: PMC6877981 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The NF-κB pathway has been implicated in the genetic aetiology of psoriatic disease. However, since most patients with arthritis have psoriasis, discerning the genetic contributions to both aspects of psoriatic disease is not easy. Our aim was to study the association of common polymorphisms in genes of the NF-κB pathway in patients with psoriatic disease in order to dissect the contribution of this pathway in the appearance of each component (skin and joint) of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the association between three common variants in NFKB1 (rs230526), NFKBIA (rs7152376), and NFKBIZ (rs3217713 indel) and the risk of developing psoriatic disease. We genotyped a total of 690 psoriatic disease patients and 550 controls. Patients with cutaneous psoriasis of at least 10 years of evolution without associated arthritis were defined to have pure cutaneous psoriasis (PCP). RESULTS The rare NFKBIA rs7152376 C was significantly more frequent in the PsA group vs. controls (OR = 2.03 (1.3-3.1), p < 0.01). The difference was even higher between PsA and PCP patients (OR = 3.2 (2.1-5.1), p < 0.001). Neither NFKB1 rs230526 nor NFKBIZ rs3217713 indel was associated with the risk of developing psoriatic disease as a whole compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a significant effect of the NFKBIA gene on the risk of developing PsA, thus contributing to better discerning of the polymorphisms of this pathway that explain this risk within the spectrum of psoriatic disease. Additional studies with larger cohorts and from different populations are necessary to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Coto-Segura
- Dermatology Division, Hospital Alvarez Buylla-Mieres, Mieres, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leire González-Lara
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén Alonso
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Queiro
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Das L, Azmoon P, Banki MA, Mantuano E, Gonias SL. Tissue-type plasminogen activator selectively inhibits multiple toll-like receptors in CSF-1-differentiated macrophages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224738. [PMID: 31697716 PMCID: PMC6837328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a major activator of fibrinolysis, which also attenuates the pro-inflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo in mice. The activity of tPA as an LPS response modifier is independent of its proteinase activity and instead, dependent on the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDA-R), which is expressed by BMDMs. The major Toll-like receptor (TLR) for LPS is TLR4. Herein, we show that enzymatically-inactive (EI) tPA blocks the response of mouse BMDMs to selective TLR2 and TLR9 agonists, rapidly reversing IκBα phosphorylation and inhibiting expression of TNFα, CCL2, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. The activity of EI-tPA was replicated by activated α2-macroglobulin, which like EI-tPA, signals through an NMDA-R-dependent pathway. EI-tPA failed to inhibit cytokine expression by BMDMs in response to agonists that target the Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), NOD1 and NOD2, providing evidence for specificity in the function of EI-tPA. Macrophages isolated from the peritoneal space (PMs), without adding eliciting agents, expressed decreased levels of cell-surface NMDA-R compared with BMDMs. These cells were unresponsive to EI-tPA in the presence of LPS. However, when PMs were treated with CSF-1, the abundance of cell-surface NMDA-R increased and the ability of EI-tPA to neutralize the response to LPS was established. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory activity of EI-tPA is selective for TLRs but not all PRRs. The ability of macrophages to respond to EI-tPA depends on the availability of cell surface NMDA-R, which may be macrophage differentiation-state dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Mulero MC, Wang VYF, Huxford T, Ghosh G. Genome reading by the NF-κB transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9967-9989. [PMID: 31501881 PMCID: PMC6821244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of dimeric transcription factors regulates transcription by selectively binding to DNA response elements present within promoters or enhancers of target genes. The DNA response elements, collectively known as κB sites or κB DNA, share the consensus 5'-GGGRNNNYCC-3' (where R, Y and N are purine, pyrimidine and any nucleotide base, respectively). In addition, several DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the consensus have been shown to accommodate binding by NF-κB dimers. X-ray crystal structures of NF-κB in complex with diverse κB DNA have helped elucidate the chemical principles that underlie target selection in vitro. However, NF-κB dimers encounter additional impediments to selective DNA binding in vivo. Work carried out during the past decades has identified some of the barriers to sequence selective DNA target binding within the context of chromatin and suggests possible mechanisms by which NF-κB might overcome these obstacles. In this review, we first highlight structural features of NF-κB:DNA complexes and how distinctive features of NF-κB proteins and DNA sequences contribute to specific complex formation. We then discuss how native NF-κB dimers identify DNA binding targets in the nucleus with support from additional factors and how post-translational modifications enable NF-κB to selectively bind κB sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Belmont-Díaz JA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Vargas-Navarro JL, Corona de la Peña NA, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. Transcriptional Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101225. [PMID: 31600993 PMCID: PMC6830338 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development, growth, and metastasis are highly regulated by several transcription regulators (TRs), namely transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and protein kinases. Although TR roles in these events have been well characterized, their functions in regulating other important cancer cell processes, such as metabolism, have not been systematically examined. In this review, we describe, analyze, and strive to reconstruct the regulatory networks of several TRs acting in the energy metabolism pathways, glycolysis (and its main branching reactions), and oxidative phosphorylation of nonmetastatic and metastatic cancer cells. Moreover, we propose which possible gene targets might allow these TRs to facilitate the modulation of each energy metabolism pathway, depending on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norma Angélica Corona de la Peña
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Hospital General Regional Carlos McGregor-Sánchez, México CP 03100, Mexico.
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
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126
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Yiemwattana I, Kaomongkolgit R, Wirojchanasak S, Chaisomboon N. Morus alba Stem Extract Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 Expression via Inhibition of IκBα Degradation Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS Signal in THP-1 Cells. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:229-234. [PMID: 31569263 PMCID: PMC6777175 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1694314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effects of M. alba stem extract (MSE) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated-acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS THP-1 cells were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of MSE combined with 1 µg/mL of P. gingivalis LPS. The mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The secreted proteins in the culture media were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IκBα) protein was tracked by Western blotting. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Comparisons in experiments were analyzed with analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference comparison test. RESULTS Twenty and 40 µg/mL of MSE significantly downregulated MMP-1 and MMP-9 genes and protein expression but upregulated the gene expression of TIMP-1 (p < 0.05). P. gingivalis LPS induced degradation of IκBα, while addition of MSE (20 and 40 µg/mL) increased IκBα cytosolic levels. MSE was able to suppress the P. gingivalis LPS-induced MMPs expression and also increased the gene expression of TIMP-1 via the inhibition of the cytoplasmic IκBα degradation in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present observations suggest that MSE exerted a positive effect on the regulatory mechanism between MMPs and TIMP, which is an important implication for the therapeutic potential of MSE in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichaya Yiemwattana
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Sodsi Wirojchanasak
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Niratcha Chaisomboon
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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127
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Sessions-Bresnahan DR, Heuberger AL, Carnevale EM. Obesity in mares promotes uterine inflammation and alters embryo lipid fingerprints and homeostasis. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:761-772. [PMID: 29741587 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal body composition can be an important determinant for development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Obesity-related outcomes in offspring may include epigenetic alterations; however, mechanisms of fetal programming remain to be fully elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the impact of maternal obesity in the absence of a high fat diet on equine endometrium and preimplantation embryos. Embryos were collected from normal and obese mares at 8 and 16 days and a uterine biopsy at 16 days (0 day = ovulation). With the exception of 8 day embryos, each sample was divided into two pieces. One piece was analyzed for gene expression markers related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, and components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. The second piece was analyzed for lipid content using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Obese mares had elevated concentrations of insulin, leptin, and total cholesterol, and they tended to have increased triglycerides and decreased insulin sensitivity. Embryos from obese mares had altered transcript abundance in genes for inflammation and lipid homeostasis, as well as endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative and mitochondrial stress and altered lipid fingerprints. Endometrium from obese mares had increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, lipid homeostasis regulation, mitochondrial stress, and the IGF2 system. This study demonstrates that increased adiposity in mares alters the uterine environment, transcript abundance of genes for cellular functions, and lipid profiles of embryos. These alterations could affect prenatal programming, with potential long-term effects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R Sessions-Bresnahan
- Department of Animal Science, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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128
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Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Tao H, Sang W, Cui L, Qiang W, Cheang WS, Hu Y, Yu H, Wang Y. Anti-inflammatory activities of Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino: combined in vitro and in silico investigations. Chin Med 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31572487 PMCID: PMC6757439 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino (SG) is one of the important plant origins of Sigesbeckiae herba and has been widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in China. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of SG is rarely investigated and reported. There are more than 40 kinds of chemical constituents in SG, but the action of the bioactive compounds of SG is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systemically investigate the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory properties of SG by combining in vitro and in silico investigations. METHODS Cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Nitric oxide (NO) release was detected using the Griess assay. The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of relevant proteins were assessed using ELISA kits and Western blots, respectively. Molecular docking was performed and scored using AutoDock via a comparison with the molecular docking of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG). RESULTS In lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, SG significantly inhibited NO, MCP-1, and IL-6 secretion; iNOS expression; and NF-κB activation but did not significantly affect MAPK signalling (p38, ERK, and JNK). Moreover, the results from the molecular docking prediction suggested that over 10 compounds in SG could likely target TLR4, p105, and p65. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of SG are highly related to the inactivation of NF-κB. Moreover, this study provides a novel approach to investigate the effects of herbal medicine using combined in vitro and in silico investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenan Qiang
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Devision of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Graf K, Last A, Gratz R, Allert S, Linde S, Westermann M, Gröger M, Mosig AS, Gresnigt MS, Hube B. Keeping Candida commensal: how lactobacilli antagonize pathogenicity of Candida albicans in an in vitro gut model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039719. [PMID: 31413153 PMCID: PMC6765188 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the primary reservoir of Candida albicans that can cause systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. In this reservoir, the fungus exists as a harmless commensal. However, antibiotic treatment can disturb the bacterial microbiota, facilitating fungal overgrowth and favoring pathogenicity. The current in vitro gut models that are used to study the pathogenesis of C. albicans investigate the state in which C. albicans behaves as a pathogen rather than as a commensal. We present a novel in vitro gut model in which the fungal pathogenicity is reduced to a minimum by increasing the biological complexity. In this model, enterocytes represent the epithelial barrier and goblet cells limit C. albicans adhesion and invasion. Significant protection against C. albicans-induced necrotic damage was achieved by the introduction of a microbiota of antagonistic lactobacilli. We demonstrated a time-, dose- and species-dependent protective effect against C. albicans-induced cytotoxicity. This required bacterial growth, which relied on the presence of host cells, but was not dependent on the competition for adhesion sites. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced hyphal elongation, a key virulence attribute. Furthermore, bacterial-driven shedding of hyphae from the epithelial surface, associated with apoptotic epithelial cells, was identified as a main and novel mechanism of damage protection. However, host cell apoptosis was not the driving mechanism behind shedding. Collectively, we established an in vitro gut model that can be used to experimentally dissect commensal-like interactions of C. albicans with a bacterial microbiota and the host epithelial barrier. We also discovered fungal shedding as a novel mechanism by which bacteria contribute to the protection of epithelial surfaces.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graf
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia Last
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rena Gratz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Linde
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Gröger
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany .,Friedrich Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Novel Synthetic, Host-defense Peptide Protects Against Organ Injury/Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock. Ann Surg 2019; 268:348-356. [PMID: 28288070 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) levels of the host-defense/antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in patients with trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS) and (2) the effects of a synthetic host-defense peptide; Pep19-4LF on multiple organ failure (MOF) associated with HS. BACKGROUND HS is a common cause of death in severely injured patients. There is no specific therapy that reduces HS-associated MOF. METHODS (1) LL-37 was measured in 47 trauma/HS patients admitted to an urban major trauma center. (2) Male Wistar rats were submitted to HS (90 min, target mean arterial pressure: 27-32 mm Hg) or sham operation. Rats were treated with Pep19-4LF [66 (n = 8) or 333 μg/kg · h (n = 8)] or vehicle (n = 12) for 4 hours following resuscitation. RESULTS Plasma LL-37 was 12-fold higher in patients with trauma/HS compared to healthy volunteers. HS rats treated with Pep19-4LF (high dose) had a higher mean arterial pressure at the end of the 4-hour resuscitation period (79 ± 4 vs 54 ± 5 mm Hg) and less renal dysfunction, liver injury, and lung inflammation than HS rats treated with vehicle. Pep19-4LF enhanced (kidney/liver) the phosphorylation of (1) protein kinase B and (2) endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Pep19-4LF attenuated the HS-induced (1) translocation of p65 from cytosol to nucleus, (2) phosphorylation of IκB kinase on Ser, and (3) phosphorylation of IκBα on Ser resulting in inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and formation of proinflammatory cytokines. Pep19-4LF prevented the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha caused by heparan sulfate in human mononuclear cells by binding to this damage-associated molecular pattern. CONCLUSIONS Trauma-associated HS results in release of LL-37. The synthetic host-defense/antimicrobial peptide Pep19-4LF attenuates the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS.
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Zhong JR, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. Phytic acid disrupted intestinal immune status and suppressed growth performance in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:536-551. [PMID: 31247320 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is one of the most common anti-nutritional factors in plant-derived protein feeds, and it poses considerable threats to aquaculture production. However, little is known about the effects of PA on fish intestinal health. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of PA on intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp. To achieve this goal, a growth trial was conducted for 60 days by feeding 540 fish (120.56 ± 0.51 g) with six semi-purified diets containing graded levels of PA (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0%). Then fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 days. The results indicated that, compared with the control group (0% PA), PA did the following: (1) suppressed fish growth performance (percentage weight gain and feed efficiency) and reduced their ability to resist enteritis; (2) decreased fish intestinal antimicrobial ability by reducing intestinal lysozyme (LZ) activities, the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and downregulating the mRNA levels of hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, and β-defensin-1; and (3) aggravated fish intestinal inflammation responses by upregulating the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (except in the DI), interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2), IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15 (except in the DI) and IL-17D, which is partly related to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway, whereas downregulating the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, IL-10 and IL-11, which is partially associated with the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway. The possible reasons for some distinctive gene expression patterns in fish three intestinal segments were discussed. Finally, based on the percent weight gain, enteritis morbidity, IgM content and LZ activity in the PI, the maximum tolerance levels of PA for on-growing grass carp were estimated to be 2.17, 1.68, 1.47 and 1.18% of the diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ren Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
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Ni J, Wu Z, Meng J, Saito T, Saido TC, Qing H, Nakanishi H. An impaired intrinsic microglial clock system induces neuroinflammatory alterations in the early stage of amyloid precursor protein knock-in mouse brain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:173. [PMID: 31470863 PMCID: PMC6716829 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbances in clock genes affect almost all patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as evidenced by their altered sleep/wake cycle, thermoregulation, and exacerbation of cognitive impairment. As microglia-mediated neuroinflammation proved to be a driver of AD rather than a result of the disease, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between clock gene disturbance and neuroinflammation in microglia and their contribution to the onset of AD. Methods In this study, the expression of clock genes and inflammatory-related genes was examined in MACS microglia isolated from 2-month-old amyloid precursor protein knock-in (APP-KI) and wild-type (WT) mice using cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) deep sequencing and RT-PCR. The effects of clock gene disturbance on neuroinflammation and relevant memory changes were examined in 2-month-old APP-KI and WT mice after injection with SR9009 (a synthetic agonist for REV-ERB). The microglia morphology was studied by staining, neuroinflammation was examined by Western blotting, and cognitive changes were examined by Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Results CLOCK/BMAL1-driven transcriptional negative feedback loops were impaired in the microglia from 2-month-old APP-KI mice. Pro-inflammatory genes in microglia isolated from APP-KI mice were significantly higher than those isolated from WT mice at Zeitgeber time 14. The expression of pro-inflammatory genes was positively associated with NF-κB activation and negatively associated with the BMAL1 expression. SR9009 induced the activation of microglia, the increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and cognitive decline in 2-month-old APP-KI mice. Conclusion Clock gene disturbance in microglia is involved in the early onset of AD through the induction of chronic neuroinflammation, which may be a new target for preventing or slowing AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1562-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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133
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Wang X, Liu R, Qu X, Yu H, Chu H, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Wu X, Gao H, Tao B, Li W, Liang J, Li G, Yang W. α-Ketoglutarate-Activated NF-κB Signaling Promotes Compensatory Glucose Uptake and Brain Tumor Development. Mol Cell 2019; 76:148-162.e7. [PMID: 31447391 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cancer cells and dysregulated vasculature within the tumor leads to limited nutrient accessibility. Cancer cells often rewire their metabolic pathways for adaption to nutrient stress, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) is a key enzyme in glutaminolysis that converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Here, we show that, under low glucose, GDH1 is phosphorylated at serine (S) 384 and interacts with RelA and IKKβ. GDH1-produced α-KG directly binds to and activates IKKβ and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, which promotes glucose uptake and tumor cell survival by upregulating GLUT1, thereby accelerating gliomagenesis. In addition, GDH1 S384 phosphorylation correlates with the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. Our finding reveals a unique role of α-KG to directly regulate signal pathway, uncovers a distinct mechanism of metabolite-mediated NF-κB activation, and also establishes the critical role of α-KG-activated NF-κB in brain tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruilong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueyuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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134
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Tenconi PE, Bermúdez V, Oresti GM, Giusto NM, Salvador GA, Mateos MV. High glucose-induced phospholipase D activity in retinal pigment epithelium cells: New insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:243-257. [PMID: 31059692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation are key players in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this work we study the role of phospholipase D (PLD) pathway in an in vitro model of high glucose (HG)-induced damage. To this end, we exposed human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell lines (ARPE-19 and D407) to HG concentrations (16.5 or 33 mM) or to normal glucose concentration (NG, 5.5 mM) for 4, 24 or 72 h. Exposure to HG increased reactive oxygen species levels and caspase-3 cleavage and reduced cell viability after 72 h of incubation. In addition, short term HG exposure (4 h) induced the activation of early events, that involve PLD and ERK1/2 signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) nuclear translocation and IκB phosphorylation. The increment in pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-6 and IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels was observed after 24 h of HG exposure. The effect of selective pharmacological PLD1 (VU0359595) and PLD2 (VU0285655-1) inhibitors demonstrated that ERK1/2 and NFκB activation were downstream events of both PLD isoforms. The increment in IL-6 and COX-2 mRNA levels induced by HG was reduced to control levels in cells pre-incubated with both PLD inhibitors. Furthermore, the inhibition of PLD1, PLD2 and MEK/ERK pathway prevented the loss of cell viability and the activation of caspase-3 induced by HG. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PLD1 and PLD2 mediate the inflammatory response triggered by HG in RPE cells, pointing to their potential use as a therapeutic target for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E Tenconi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina
| | - Vicente Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma M Giusto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Salvador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melina V Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), 8000, Bahía, Blanca, Argentina.
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135
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Lee JY, Mehrazarin S, Alshaikh A, Kim S, Chen W, Lux R, Gwack Y, Kim RH, Kang MK. Histone Lys demethylase KDM3C demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and osteoclastogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:10515-10527. [PMID: 31251083 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900154rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone Lys-specific demethylases (KDMs) play a key role in many biological processes through epigenetic mechanisms. However, the role of KDMs in inflammatory responses to oral bacterial infection is poorly understood. Here, we show a novel regulatory role of KDM3C in inflammatory responses to oral bacterial infection. KDM3C expression is transiently suppressed in human and mouse macrophages exposed to LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg LPS). Loss of KDM3C in both human and mouse macrophages led to notable induction of proinflammatory cytokines in response to Pg LPS stimulation. Also, KDM3C depletion led to strong induction of p65 phosphorylation and accelerated nuclear translocation in cells exposed to Pg LPS. Kdm3C knockout (KO) in mice led to increased alveolar bone destruction upon induction of experimental periodontitis or pulp exposure compared with those of the wild-type (WT) littermates. The Kdm3C KO mice also revealed an increased number of osteoclasts juxtaposed to the bony lesions. We also confirmed enhanced osteoclastogenesis by bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from the Kdm3C KO compared with the WT controls. These findings suggest an anti-inflammatory function of KDM3C in regulating the inflammatory responses against oral bacterial infection through suppression of NF-κB signaling and osteoclastogenesis.-Lee, J. Y., Mehrazarin, S., Alshaikh, A., Kim, S., Chen, W., Lux, R., Gwack, Y., Kim, R. H., Kang, M. K. Histone Lys demethylase KDM3C demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Section of Endodontics, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shebli Mehrazarin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abdullah Alshaikh
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Section of Endodontics, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA; and
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mo K Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Section of Endodontics, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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136
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Ramsey KM, Narang D, Komives EA. Prediction of the presence of a seventh ankyrin repeat in IκBε from homology modeling combined with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Protein Sci 2019; 27:1624-1635. [PMID: 30133030 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ankyrin repeat (AR) structure is a common protein-protein interaction motif and ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a vast family across a large array of different taxa. Natural AR proteins adopt a conserved fold comprised of several repeats with the N- and C-terminal repeats generally being of more divergent sequences. Obtaining experimental crystal structures for natural ankyrin repeat domains (ARD) can be difficult and often requires complexation with a binding partner. Homology modeling is an attractive method for creating a model of AR proteins due to the highly conserved fold; however, modeling the divergent N- and C-terminal "capping" repeats remains a challenge. We show here that amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), which reports on the presence of secondary structural elements and "foldedness," can aid in the refinement and selection of AR protein homology models when multiple templates are identified with variations between them localizing to these terminal repeats. We report a homology model for the AR protein IκBε from three different templates and use HDX-MS to establish the presence of a seventh AR at the C-terminus identified by only one of the three templates used for modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92092-0378
| | - Dominic Narang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92092-0378
| | - Elizabeth A Komives
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92092-0378
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137
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Xie Z, Wang Y, Huang J, Qian N, Shen G, Chen L. Anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus by regulating the NF-κB translocation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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138
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139
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Zhang R, Li X, Wei L, Qin Y, Fang J. Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 acts as a positive regulator of NF-κB activation and colon cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:70-77. [PMID: 30980866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) belongs to both protein kinase and tyrosine kinase families. LMTK2 is less studied and little is known about its function. Here we demonstrate that LMTK2 modulates NF-κB activity and functions to promote colonic tumorigenesis. We found that LMTK2 protein was abundant in colon cancer cells and LMTK2 knockdown (LMTK2-KD) inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells through inactivating NF-κB. In unstimulated condition, LMTK2 modulated NF-κB through inhibiting phosphorylation of p65 at Ser468. Mechanistically, LMTK2 phosphorylated protein phosphatase 1A (PP1A) to prevent PP1A from dephosphorylating p-GSK3β(Ser9). The p-GSK3β(Ser9) could not phosphorylate p65 at Ser468, which maintained the basal NF-κB activity. LMTK2 also modulated TNFα-activated NF-κB. LMTK2-KD repressed TNFα-induced IKKβ phosphorylation, IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation, implying that LMTK2 modulates TNFα-activated NF-κB via IKK. These results suggest that LMTK2 modulates basal and TNFα-induced NF-κB activities in different mechanisms. Animal studies show that LMTK2-KD suppressed colon cancer cell xenograft growth, decreased PP1A phosphorylation and increased p-p65(Ser468). Our results reveal the role and underlying mechanism of LMTK2 in colonic tumorigenesis and suggest that LMTK2 may serve as a potential target for chemotherapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, 26601, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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140
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Liu C, Zhou Y, Li M, Wang Y, Yang L, Yang S, Feng Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren F, Li J, Dong Z, Chin YE, Fu X, Wu L, Chang Z. Absence of GdX/UBL4A Protects against Inflammatory Diseases by Regulating NF-кB Signaling in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1369-1384. [PMID: 30867837 PMCID: PMC6401509 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation is critical for innate immune responses. However, cellular-intrinsic regulation of NF-κB activity during inflammatory diseases remains incompletely understood. Ubiquitin-like protein 4A (UBL4A, GdX) is a small adaptor protein involved in protein folding, biogenesis and transcription. Yet, whether GdX has a role during innate immune response is largely unknown. Methods: To investigate the involvement of GdX in innate immunity, we challenged GdX-deficient mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). To investigate the underlying mechanism, we performed RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses, flow cytometry, and structure analyses. To investigate whether GdX functions in inflammatory bowel disease, we generated dendritic cell (DC), macrophage (Mφ), epithelial-cell specific GdX-deficient mice and induced colitis with dextran sulfate sodium. Results: GdX enhances DC and Mφ-mediated innate immune defenses by positively regulating NF-κB signaling. GdX-deficient mice were resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock and DSS-induced colitis. DC- or Mφ- specific GdX-deficient mice displayed alleviated mucosal inflammation. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by GdX-deficient DCs and Mφ was reduced. Mechanistically, we found that tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2, TC45) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) form a complex with RelA (p65) to mediate its dephosphorylation whereas GdX interrupts the TC45/PP2A/p65 complex formation and restrict p65 dephosphorylation by trapping TC45. Conclusion: Our study provides a mechanism by which NF-κB signaling is positively regulated by an adaptor protein GdX in DC or Mφ to maintain the innate immune response. Targeting GdX could be a strategy to reduce over-activated immune response in inflammatory diseases.
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Hirata N, Ichimaru R, Tominari T, Matsumoto C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi K, Hirata M, Ma S, Suzuki K, Grundler FMW, Miyaura C, Inada M. Beta-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption via the Suppression of Inhibitor of NF-κB Kinase Activity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020368. [PMID: 30744180 PMCID: PMC6412436 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-cryptoxanthin (β-cry) is a typical carotenoid found abundantly in fruit and vegetables such as the Japanese mandarin orange, persimmon, papaya, paprika, and carrot, and exerts various biological activities (e.g., antioxidant effects). We previously reported that β-cry suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ production in gingival fibroblasts and restored the alveolar bone loss in a mouse model for periodontitis in vivo. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of β-cry on osteoclast differentiation. In mouse calvarial organ cultures, LPS-induced bone resorption was suppressed by β-cry. In osteoblasts, β-cry inhibited PGE₂ production via the downregulation of the LPS-induced mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and membrane-bound PGE synthase (mPGES)-1, which are PGE synthesis-related enzymes, leading to the suppression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA transcriptional activation. In an in vitro assay, β-cry directly suppressed the activity of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) β, and adding ATP canceled this IKKβ inhibition. Molecular docking simulation further suggested that β-cry binds to the ATP-binding pocket of IKKβ. In Raw264.7 cells, β-cry suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. The molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of β-cry in LPS-induced bone resorption may involve the ATP-competing inhibition of IKK activity, resulting in the suppression of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Hirata
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Ryota Ichimaru
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Keita Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Sihui Ma
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima Tokorozawa-shi, Tokyo 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima Tokorozawa-shi, Tokyo 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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142
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Rahimova N, Babazada H, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Development of mKO2 fusion proteins for real-time imaging and mechanistic investigation of the degradation kinetics of human IκBα in living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:190-198. [PMID: 30391277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In resting cells, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is stabilized by complexation with the cytoplasmic inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα). Extracellular stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide activate NF-κB through IκBα phosphorylation and ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Herein, we developed a novel biosensor, by fusing the monomeric fluorescent protein Kusabira-Orange 2 to IκBα (mKO2-IκBα), to study the dynamics and structure-activity relationship of IκBα degradation. Site-specific deletion studies on the IκBα sequence revealed that the C-terminal PEST domain is required in signal-induced proteasomal degradation of IκBα and functions independently from ankyrin repeats. Using deletion mutants, we show that IκBα ankyrin repeats do not affect IκBα degradability but affect its degradation rate. We demonstrate, by both real-time confocal microscopy and western blot analysis, that the half-life of mKO2-IκBα in response to TNFα is approximately 35 min, which is similar to the half-life of endogenous IκBα. Using this biosensor we also show that selective proteasome inhibitors, such as lactacystin and MG132, inhibit degradation and affect the kinetics of IκBα in a dose-dependent manner. The techniques described here can have a range of possible applications, such as facilitating studies associated with IκBα dynamics and biochemical characteristics, as well as the screening of potential proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Rahimova
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 312 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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143
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Sadeghi Y, Tabatabaei Irani P, Rafiee L, Tajadini M, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Evaluation of rs1957106 Polymorphism of NF-κBI in Glioblastoma Multiforme in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:9. [PMID: 30820430 PMCID: PMC6385670 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_227_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kB family of nuclear factor (NF-κB) is a series of transcription factors that plays a key role in regulation of immunity, cell growth, and apoptosis and is considered as the main downstream component of epidermal growth factor receptor for which there are evidence of excessive activity in most cases of glioblastoma multiform (GBM). Thus, the current information has gained evidence on NF-κBIA tumor suppressor role in GMB. SNP rs1957106 was diagnosed as a new polymorphism which affected the expression of NF-κBI and causes activation of NF-κB in GBM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 100 cases of GBM including 47 paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples and 53 blood samples from another 53 GBM patients and 150 controls. The NF-κBI rs1957106 SNP was identified by the NCBI, and genotyping was performed by high-resolution melt (HRM) assay. Melt curves from HRM which suspected to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were selected and subjected to direct sequencing. RESULTS The distribution of allele A of NF-κβ gene in patients with GBM with 31% was not significantly different from healthy participants (27.3%) (P = 0.375). Furthermore, the distribution of AG and GG genotypes in comparison with AA genotypes did not show a significant correlation with GBM incidence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings of the present study provide evidence that the rs1957106 SNP in NF-κBIA is found more in GBM patients, but it was not statistically significant. As there are conflicting studies showing significant higher rate of this SNP in GBM, further study is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sadeghi
- From the Department of General Medicine, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouya Tabatabaei Irani
- From the Department of General Medicine, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Department of Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamadhasan Tajadini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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144
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Pantoja-Uceda D, Neira JL, Contreras LM, Manton CA, Welch DR, Rizzuti B. The isolated C-terminal nuclear localization sequence of the breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 is disordered. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:95-101. [PMID: 30707944 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BRMS1 is a 246-residue-long protein belonging to the family of metastasis suppressors. It is a predominantly nuclear protein, although it can also function in the cytoplasm. At its C terminus, it has a region that is predicted to be a nuclear localization sequence (NLS); this region, NLS2, is necessary for metastasis suppression. We have studied in vitro and in silico the conformational preferences in aqueous solution of a peptide (NLS2-pep) that comprises the NLS2 of BRMS1, to test whether it has a preferred conformation that could be responsible for its function. Our spectroscopic (far-UV circular dichroism, DOSY-NMR and 2D-NMR) and computational (all-atom molecular dynamics) results indicate that NLS2-pep was disordered in aqueous solution. Furthermore, it did not acquire a structure even when experiments were performed in a more hydrophobic environment, such as the one provided by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The hydrodynamic radius of the peptide in water was identical to that of a random-coil sequence, in agreement with both our molecular simulations and other theoretical predictions. Thus, we suggest that NLS2 is a disordered region, with non pre-formed structure, that participates in metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José L Neira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBSC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Lellys M Contreras
- Center for Environmental Biology and Chemistry Research, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, 2001, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Christa A Manton
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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145
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Mulero MC, Huxford T, Ghosh G. NF-κB, IκB, and IKK: Integral Components of Immune System Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:207-226. [PMID: 31628658 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) transcription factor plays crucial roles in the regulation of numerous biological processes including development of the immune system, inflammation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Control over the immune cell functions of NF-κB results from signaling through one of two different routes: the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways. Present at the end of both pathways are the proteins NF-κB, IκB, and the IκB kinase (IKK). These proteins work together to deliver the myriad outcomes that influence context-dependent transcriptional control in immune cells. In the present chapter, we review the structural information available on NF-κB, IκB, and IKK, the critical terminal components of the NF-κB signaling, in relation to their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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146
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Sun Z, Tan X, Xu M, Liu Q, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C. Liver transcriptome analysis and de novo annotation of the orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) under cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:264-273. [PMID: 30641323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress has caused great economic loss in fish culture worldwide. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most serious lost aquatic animals in 2016 cold fronts in South China. However, the molecular mechanism of grouper's cold resistance has remained largely unknown. In the present study, HiSeq™2000 (Illumina) was used to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of the liver from grouper under control temperature (CT, 28 °C) and low temperature (LT, 13 °C). Two normalized liver cDNA libraries of CT and LT groups were created. We obtained 51,944,970 and 51,905,036 clean reads from CT and LT groups, respectively. Comparing the LT group to the CT group, a total of 5905 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 2093 up-regulated unigenes and 3812 down-regulated unigenes. GO annotation and functional enrichment analysis indicated that all of the DEGs were classified into three categories: biological process (23 subclasses), cellular component (18 subclasses) and molecular function (13 subclasses). KEGG analysis of the DEGs showed that 2732 DEGs were annotated to 253 signaling pathways. The most highly enriched pathways were cell adhesion molecules, Staphylococcus aureus infection, PPAR signaling pathway, Vibrio cholerae infection, primary immunodeficiency, fatty acid elongation, and we found cold stress mainly affects immunity, metabolic and signal transduction. Thirteen of the DEGs were further validated by qRT-PCR. Our results provide valuable information for further analysis of the mechanisms of groupers response under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Xu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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147
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Ba W, Xu Y, Yin G, Yang J, Wang R, Chi S, Wang Y, Li C. Metformin inhibits pro-inflammatory responses via targeting nuclear factor-κB in HaCaT cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 37:4-10. [PMID: 30520054 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin disease that arises from rapid and excessive growth of keratinocytes induced by abnormal inflammatory responses. Metformin is the first-line drug in type 2 diabetes and has been proven to possess significant anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. In the present study, we examined the role of metformin in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells, a cell line for the keratinocyte. Our results demonstrated that metformin significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β induced by TNFα. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis showed that metformin inhibited the nuclear localization of p65, a subunit of nuclear factor NF-κB. In addition, metformin suppressed the transcription activity of NF-κB by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα. The inhibitory effect of metformin on NF-κB signalling is comparable with a specific IKKβ inhibitor BI605906. Collectively, our data suggest that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent in inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ba
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Sumin Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing, China
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148
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Kim SH, Kim KJ, Kang HJ, Son YJ, Choi SW, Lee MJ. The Dual Role of Oat Bran Water Extract in Bone Homeostasis Through the Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3119. [PMID: 30487443 PMCID: PMC6320902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. These disorders often facilitate bone fractures, which seriously impact the patient's quality of life and could lead to further health complications. Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance bone resorption and formation. However, many anti-osteoporotic agents are broadly categorized as either bone forming or anti-resorptive, and their therapeutic use is often limited due to unwanted side effects. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic agents are needed for osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the bone protecting effects of oat bran water extract (OBWE) and its mode of action. OBWE inhibited RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation by blocking c-Fos/NFATc1 through the alteration of I-κB. Furthermore, we found that OBWE enhanced BMP-2-stimulated osteoblast differentiation by the induction of Runx2 via Smad signaling molecules. In addition, the anti-osteoporotic activity of OBWE was also evaluated using an in vivo model. OBWE significantly restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBWE has the potential to prevent and treat bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hye Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jung Kang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFS), Jinju, Gyeongnam 52817, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
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149
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Best AM, Abu Kwaik Y. Evasion of phagotrophic predation by protist hosts and innate immunity of metazoan hosts by Legionella pneumophila. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12971. [PMID: 30370624 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has evolved to infect and proliferate within amoebae and other protists. It is thought that accidental inhalation of contaminated water particles by humans is what has enabled this pathogen to proliferate within alveolar macrophages and cause pneumonia. However, the highly evolved macrophages are equipped with more sophisticated innate defence mechanisms than are protists, such as the evolution of phagotrophic feeding into phagocytosis with more evolved innate defence processes. Not surprisingly, the majority of proteins involved in phagosome biogenesis (~80%) have origins in the phagotrophy stage of evolution. There are a plethora of highly evolved cellular and innate metazoan processes, not represented in protist biology, that are modulated by L. pneumophila, including TLR2 signalling, NF-κB, apoptotic and inflammatory processes, histone modification, caspases, and the NLRC-Naip5 inflammasomes. Importantly, L. pneumophila infects haemocytes of the invertebrate Galleria mellonella, kill G. mellonella larvae, and proliferate in and kill Drosophila adult flies and Caenorhabditis elegans. Although coevolution with protist hosts has provided a substantial blueprint for L. pneumophila to infect macrophages, we discuss the further evolutionary aspects of coevolution of L. pneumophila and its adaptation to modulate various highly evolved innate metazoan processes prior to becoming a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Best
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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150
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a critical regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. In mammals, the NF-κB/Rel family comprises five members: p50, p52, p65 (Rel-A), c-Rel, and Rel-B proteins, which form homo- or heterodimers and remain as an inactive complex with the inhibitory molecules called IκB proteins in resting cells. Two distinct NF-κB signaling pathways have been described: 1) the canonical pathway primarily activated by pathogens and inflammatory mediators, and 2) the noncanonical pathway mostly activated by developmental cues. The most abundant form of NF-κB activated by pathologic stimuli via the canonical pathway is the p65:p50 heterodimer. Disproportionate increase in activated p65 and subsequent transactivation of effector molecules is integral to the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases such as the rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and even neurodegenerative pathologies. Hence, the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway has been a pivotal point for intense drug discovery and development. This review begins with an overview of p65-mediated signaling followed by discussion of strategies that directly target NF-κB p65 in the context of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Giridharan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
- Provaidya LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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