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Mohamed R, Shajimoon A, Afroz R, Gabr M, Thomas WG, Little PJ, Kamato D. Akt acts as a switch for GPCR transactivation of the TGF-β receptor type 1. FEBS J 2021; 289:2642-2656. [PMID: 34826189 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling commences with the engagement of TGF-β ligand to cell surface TGF-β receptors (TGFBR) stimulating Smad2 carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation (phospho-Smad2C) and downstream biological responses. In several cell models, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transactivate the TGF-β receptors type-1 (TGFBR1) leading to phospho-Smad2C, however, we have recently published that in keratinocytes thrombin did not transactivate the TGFBR1. The bulk of TGFBRs reside in the cytosol and in response to protein kinase B (Akt phosphorylation) can translocate to the cell surface increasing the cell's responsiveness to TGF-β. In this study, we investigate the role of Akt in GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1. We demonstrate that angiotensin II and thrombin do not phosphorylate Smad2C in human vascular smooth muscle cells and in keratinocytes respectively. We used Akt agonist, SC79 to sensitise the cells to Akt and observed that Ang II and thrombin phosphorylate Smad2C via Akt/AS160-dependent pathways. We show that SC79 rapidly translocates TGFBRs to the cell surface thus increasing the cell's response to the GPCR agonist. These findings highlight novel mechanistic insight for the role of Akt in GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Aravindra Shajimoon
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Rizwana Afroz
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Mai Gabr
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
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102
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Zughaibi TA, Suhail M, Tarique M, Tabrez S. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Different Flavonoids: A Cancer Chemopreventive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212455. [PMID: 34830339 PMCID: PMC8621356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, globally, one of the main causes of death. Even though various therapies are available, they are still painful because of their adverse side effects. Available treatments frequently fail due to unpromising responses, resistance to classical anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low accessibility to tumor tissues. Developing novel strategies to minimize adverse side effects, improve chemotherapy sensitivity, and control cancer progression is needed. Many studies have suggested small dietary molecules as complementary treatments for cancer patients. Different components of herbal/edible plants, known as flavonoids, have recently garnered attention due to their broad biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective). These flavonoids have shown anticancer activity by affecting different signaling cascades. This article summarizes the key progress made in this area and discusses the role of flavonoids by specifically inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
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103
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Senolytics: A Novel Strategy for Neuroprotection in ALS? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112078. [PMID: 34769512 PMCID: PMC8584291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease that currently has no cure and has few effective treatments. On a cellular level, ALS manifests through significant changes in the proper function of astrocytes, microglia, motor neurons, and other central nervous system (CNS) cells, leading to excess neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Damage to the upper and lower motor neurons results in neural and muscular dysfunction, leading to death most often due to respiratory paralysis. A new therapeutic strategy is targeting glial cells affected by senescence, which contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Whilst this new therapeutic approach holds much promise, it is yet to be trialled in ALS-relevant preclinical models and needs to be designed carefully to ensure selectivity. This review summarizes the pathways involved in ALS-related senescence, as well as known senolytic agents and their mechanisms of action, all of which may inform strategies for ALS-focused drug discovery efforts.
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104
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Blyufer A, Lhamo S, Tam C, Tariq I, Thavornwatanayong T, Mahajan SS. Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:95. [PMID: 34713302 PMCID: PMC8562386 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, has been in use for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for over two decades since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Recently, riluzole has been evaluated in cancer cells and indicated to block cell proliferation and/or induce cell death. Riluzole has been proven effective as an anti-neoplastic drug in cancers of various tissue origins, including the skin, breast, pancreas, colon, liver, bone, brain, lung and nasopharynx. While cancer cells expressing glutamate receptors frequently respond to riluzole treatment, numerous types of cancer cell lacking glutamate receptors unexpectedly responded to riluzole treatment as well. Riluzole was demonstrated to interfere with glutamate secretion, growth signaling pathways, Ca2+ homeostasis, glutathione synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and integrity of DNA, as well as autophagic and apoptotic pathways. Of note, riluzole is highly effective in inducing cell death in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. Furthermore, riluzole pretreatment sensitizes glioma and melanoma to radiation therapy. In addition, in triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma, riluzole has synergistic effects in combination with select drugs. In an effort to highlight the therapeutic potential of riluzole, the current study reviewed the effect and outcome of riluzole treatment on numerous cancer types investigated thus far. The mechanism of action and the various molecular pathways affected by riluzole are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Blyufer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sonam Lhamo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cassey Tam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Iffat Tariq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | | | - Shahana S Mahajan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
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105
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Martínez MA, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Maximiliano JE, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Peteiro C, Rubiño S, Hortos M. Brown marine algae Gongolaria baccata extract protects Caco-2 cells from oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112460. [PMID: 34348126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gongolaria baccata (S.G. Gmelin) is marine brown seaweed mainly found on the coasts of the Baltic Sea south to the Mediterranean Sea, Canary Islands, Mauritania and Western Sahara. Herein, we report the cell viability and protective effects attributed to molecular mechanisms underlying antioxidant response to survive oxidative stress injuries. Caco-2 cells were submitted to oxidative stress by treatment with tert-butylhydroperoxide (tert-BOOH). The extract prevented cell damage and enhanced activity of antioxidant defenses (NQO1 and GST activities and GSH levels) reduced by treatment with tert-BOOH. The increases of MDA levels, the amount of intracellular ROS and caspase 3/7 activity induced by tert-BOOH were prevented when cells were treated with the G. baccata extract. Moreover, G. baccata extract caused up-regulation of GSTM2, Nrf2, and AKT1 gene expressions, as well as G. baccata extract reduced significantly Bax, BNIP3, APAF1, ERK1, JNK1, MAPK1, P38, P53, NFκB1, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and HO-1 gene expressions related to apoptosis, proinflammation and oxidative stress induced by tert-BOOH. These results suggest that G.baccata extract protected the cells against oxidative damage and inflammation; protective effects that could be linked to their bioactive constituents. Hence, this brown seaweed G.baccata extract could be used for the development of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Peteiro
- Planta de Algas, Unidad de Cultivos Marinos "El Bocal", Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Instituto Español de Oceanografía del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEO, CSIC), 39012, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana Rubiño
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centro de Monells, 17121, Monells, Spain
| | - María Hortos
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centro de Monells, 17121, Monells, Spain
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106
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Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Elesawy BH, Ahmed OM. Tackling of Renal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Silybum marianum Total Extract, Silymarin, and Silibinin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Nrf2, PPAR γ, NF- κB, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7665169. [PMID: 34630852 PMCID: PMC8497111 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7665169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work was designed to assess the efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally induced renal carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and their roles in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-administered rats were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg b.w.), Sm (150 mg/kg b.w.), and Sb (5 mg/kg b.w.) every other day either from the 1st week or from the 16th week of carcinogen administration to the end of 25th week. The treatments with STE, Sm, and Sb attenuated markers of toxicity in serum, decreased kidney lipid peroxidation (LPO), and significantly reinforced the renal antioxidant armory. The biochemical results were further confirmed by the histopathological alterations. The treatments also led to suppression of proinflammatory mediators such as NF-κβ, p65, Iκβα, and IL-6 in association with inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, they activated the expressions of PPARs, Nrf2, and IL-4 in addition to downregulation of apoptotic proteins p53 and caspase-3 and upregulation of antiapoptotic mediator Bcl-2. The obtained data supply potent proof for the efficacy of STE, Sm, and Sb to counteract renal carcinogenesis via alteration of varied molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y. S. Yassin
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F. AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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107
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Cardoso FDS, Mansur FCB, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Transcranial Laser Photobiomodulation Improves Intracellular Signaling Linked to Cell Survival, Memory and Glucose Metabolism in the Aged Brain: A Preliminary Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:683127. [PMID: 34539346 PMCID: PMC8446546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.683127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by exacerbated activation of cell death-related signaling pathways and decreased energy metabolism. We hypothesized that transcranial near-infrared laser may increase intracellular signaling pathways beneficial to aging brains, such as those that regulate brain cell proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of aged rats (20 months old) treated with the transcranial near-infrared laser for 58 consecutive days. As compared to sham controls, transcranial laser treatment increased intracellular signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and cell survival, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt that is linked to glucose metabolism. In addition, ERK is linked to memory, while ERK and JNK signaling pathways regulate glucose metabolism. Specifically, the laser treatment caused the activation of STAT3, ERK, and JNK signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the expression of p70S6K and STAT3 and the activation of Akt. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that transcranial laser photobiomodulation improves intracellular signaling pathways linked to cell survival, memory, and glucose metabolism in the brain of aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, Brazil.,Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, Brazil
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108
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Eight-year longitudinal study of whole blood gene expression profiles in individuals undergoing long-term medical follow-up. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16564. [PMID: 34400700 PMCID: PMC8368195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood circulates throughout the body via the peripheral tissues, contributes to host homeostasis and maintains normal physiological functions, in addition to responding to lesions. Previously, we revealed that gene expression analysis of peripheral blood cells is a useful approach for assessing diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer because the altered gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells can reflect the presence and state of diseases. However, no chronological assessment of whole gene expression profiles has been conducted. In the present study, we collected whole blood RNA from 61 individuals (average age at registration, 50 years) every 4 years for 8 years and analyzed gene expression profiles using a complementary DNA microarray to examine whether these profiles were stable or changed over time. We found that the genes with very stable expression were related mostly to immune system pathways, including antigen cell presentation and interferon-related signaling. Genes whose expression was altered over the 8-year study period were principally involved in cellular machinery pathways, including development, signal transduction, cell cycle, apoptosis, and survival. Thus, this chronological examination study showed that the gene expression profiles of whole blood can reveal unmanifested physiological changes.
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109
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Aydinlik S, Uvez A, Kiyan HT, Gurel-Gurevin E, Yilmaz VT, Ulukaya E, Armutak EI. Palladium (II) complex and thalidomide intercept angiogenic signaling via targeting FAK/Src and Erk/Akt/PLCγ dependent autophagy pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104229. [PMID: 34339726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed the effects of the thalidomide and palladium (II) saccharinate complex of terpyridine on the suppression of angiogenesis-mediated cell proliferation. The viability was assessed after treatment with palladium (II) complex (1.56-100 μM) and thalidomide (0.1-400 μM) alone by using ATP assay for 48 h. Palladium (II) complex was found to inhibit growth statistically significant in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs and promoted PARP-1 cleavage through the production of ROS. On the other hand, thalidomide did not cause any significant change in cell viability. Moreover, cell death was observed to be manifested as late apoptosis due to Annexin V/SYTOX staining after palladium (II) complex treatment however, thalidomide did not demonstrate similar results. Thalidomide and palladium (II) complex also suppressed HUVEC migration and capillary-like structure tube formation in vitro in a time-dependent manner. Palladium (II) complex (5 mg/ml) treatment showed a strong antiangiogenic effect similar to positive control thalidomide (5 mg/ml) and successfully disrupted the vasculature and reduced the thickness of the vessels compared to control (agar). Furthermore, suppression of autophagy enhanced the cell death and anti-angiogenic effect of thalidomide and palladium (II) complex. We also showed that being treated with thalidomide and palladium (II) complex inhibited phosphorylation of the signaling regulators downstream of the VEGFR2. These results provide evidence for the regulation of endothelial cell functions that are relevant to angiogenesis through the suppression of the FAK/Src/Akt/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results also indicate that PLC-γ1 phosphorylation leads to activation of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 which cause stimulation on cell proliferation at lower doses. Hence, we demonstrated that palladium (II) and thalidomide can induce cell death via the Erk/Akt/PLCγ signaling pathway and that this pathway might be a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Aydinlik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayca Uvez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Buyukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Tuba Kiyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel-Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Turan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Buyukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey.
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110
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Zheng Y, Pei Y, Tang R, Zhou X, Feng Z, Li D, Chen H, Zeng Z, Jiang L, Cai J, Mao P, Wang L. ACBD3 is up-regulated in gastric cancer and promotes cell cycle G1-to-S transition in an AKT-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112752. [PMID: 34332983 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that ACBD3 is closely related to the malignant process of cells, but its role in gastric cancer has not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the expression and function of ACBD3 in human gastric cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were selected to analyze mRNA levels of ACBD3 in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric epithelial tissues. qPCR and Western blot were conducted to detect the expression of ACBD3 in two normal gastric epithelial cell lines and five gastric cancer cell lines which were cultured in our laboratory. To exclude differences in individual background between different patients, we further detected the expression of ACBD3 in 8 pairs of malignant/non-malignant clinical gastric tissues. Through the establishment of stable cells, in vitro cell experiments and in vivo xenotransplantation models in mice, the role of ACBD3 in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells has been further explored. AKT inhibitors were used to deeply explore the molecular regulation mechanism of ACBD3. The results showed that the elevated ACBD3 in gastric cancer tissue were positively correlated with the clinical grade and prognosis of gastric cancer. In terms of molecular function, we found that ACBD3 can enhance the production and growth of gastric cancer cells. At the same time, the activation of AKT kinase played an important role in ACBD3's promotion of G1-to-S transition. The experiments generally indicate that ACBD3 is expected to become a potential diagnostic molecule or therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pei
- Shenzhen Long-gang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Centralab, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Ruiming Tang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 511518, China
| | - Xiulan Zhou
- Shenzhen Long-gang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Centralab, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zhengfu Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 511518, China
| | - Difeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 511518, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Han Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 511518, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 511518, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Junchao Cai
- Department of Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Pu Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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111
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Olivier DW, Pretorius E, Engelbrecht AM. Serum amyloid A1: Innocent bystander or active participant in cell migration in triple-negative breast cancer? Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112759. [PMID: 34332984 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Serum Amyloid A (SAA) family of proteins is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer. However, their role in cancer is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of SAA1 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, survival signaling, metabolism, and metastasis in models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), using RNAi. Our data show that in untransformed epithelial cells (MCF12A), the knockdown of SAA1 induces the expression of cell cycle regulators (MCM2, p53), the activation of DNA repair (PARP synthesis), and survival signaling (NFκB). In contrast, knockdown of SAA1 in the TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231) induced the expression p16 and shifted cells in the cell cycle from the S to G2/M phase, without the activation of DNA repair. Moreover, in SAA1-deficient MDA-MB-231 and HCC70 cells, metabolism (NADH oxidation) continually increased while cell migration (% wound closure and the rate of wound closure) decreased. However, silencing of SAA1 altered epithelial and mesenchymal markers in MCF12A (E-cadherin, Laminin 1β, Vimentin) and MDA-MB-231 (α-Smooth muscle actin) cells, associated with the metastatic program of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nonetheless, our data provide evidence that SAA1 could potentially serve as a therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilhelm Olivier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Mike De Vries Building, Corner Merriman and Bosman Road, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Mike De Vries Building, Corner Merriman and Bosman Road, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Mike De Vries Building, Corner Merriman and Bosman Road, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Alkaloid derivative ION-31a inhibits breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis by targeting HSP90α. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105201. [PMID: 34329994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the number one killer of women. In our previous study, an active compound, ION-31a, with potential anti-metastasis activity against breast cancer was identified through the synthesis of ionone alkaloid derivatives. In the present study, we aimed to identify the therapeutic target of ION-31a. We used a fluorescence tag labeled probe, molecular docking simulation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to identify the target of ION-31a. The main target of ION-31a was identified as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Thus, ION-31a is a novel HSP90 inhibiter that could suppress the metastasis of breast cancer and angiogenesis significantly in vitro and in vivo. ION-31a acts via inhibiting the HSP90/hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway and downregulating downstream signal pathways, including protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT2/protein kinase C epsilon (PKCζ), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (p38MAPK) pathways. ION-31a affects multiple effectors implicated in tumor metastasis and has the potential to be developed as an anti-metastatic agent to treat patients with breast cancer.
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Lothong M, Sakares W, Rojsitthisak P, Tanikawa C, Matsuda K, Yodsurang V. Collagen XVII inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and growth through deactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255179. [PMID: 34293053 PMCID: PMC8297889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XVII (COL17), a cell-matrix adhesion protein, has been found to be suppressed in breast cancer. Our previous data demonstrated a preventive role of COL17 in breast cancer invasiveness. The present study used the stable COL17-overexpressing MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to reveal an anti-proliferative effect of COL17 on breast cancer cell through mTOR deactivation. Cell proliferation was negatively correlated with the expression level of COL17 in a concentration-dependent manner in both conventional and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. The correlation was confirmed by decreased expression of the proliferative marker Ki67 in COL17-expressing cells. In addition, overexpression of COL17 reduced the clonogenicity and growth of the cells. We demonstrated that COL17 affects the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by deactivation of AKT, mTOR and downstream effectors, particularly 4EBP1. Moreover, mice xenografted with high COL17-expressing cells exhibited delayed tumor progression and prolonged survival time. The high expression of COL17A1 gene encoding COL17 is associated with low-proliferation tumors, extended tumor-free period, and overall survival of breast cancer patients. In conclusion, our results revealed the novel function of COL17 using in vitro and in vivo models and elucidated the related pathway in breast cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttarin Lothong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watchara Sakares
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Varalee Yodsurang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mir IH, Guha S, Behera J, Thirunavukkarasu C. Targeting molecular signal transduction pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma and its implications for cancer therapy. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2161-2177. [PMID: 34270844 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a substantial health concern. It is currently the third dominating cause of mortality associated with cancer worldwide. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is an intricate process that encompasses the impairment of genetic, epigenetic, and signal transduction mechanisms contributing to an aberrant metabolic system, enabling tumorigenesis. Throughout the past decade, research has led to the revelation of molecular pathways implicated in the progression of this notorious disorder. The altered signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, WNT/β-catenin pathway, hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway, and just another kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway is of much therapeutic significance, as targeting them may avail to revert, retard or avert hepatocarcinogenesis. The present review article sums up the contemporary knowledge of such signaling mechanisms, including their therapeutic targets and betokens that novel and efficacious therapies can be developed only by the keen understanding of their character in hepatocarcinogenesis. In additament, we address the role of consequential therapeutic agents and preclinical nondrug therapies known for combating hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyoshi Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Jajnasenee Behera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Trafficking to the Cell Surface of Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 Upregulated in Cancer Is Controlled by Phosphorylation of SEC24C Protein by AKT Kinase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071800. [PMID: 34359969 PMCID: PMC8307180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need a constant supply of nutrients. SLC6A14, an amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) that is upregulated in many cancers, transports all but acidic amino acids. In its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it is recognized by the SEC24C subunit of coatomer II (COPII) for further vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. SEC24C has previously been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase B/AKT, which is hyper-activated in cancer; therefore, we analyzed the influence of AKT on SLC6A14 trafficking to the cell surface. Studies on overexpressed and endogenous transporters in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed that AKT inhibition with MK-2206 correlated with a transient increase of the transporter in the plasma membrane, not resulting from the inhibition of ER-associated protein degradation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated the decreased phosphorylation of SLC6A14 and SEC24C upon AKT inhibition. A proximity ligation assay confirmed this conclusion: AKT inhibition is correlated with decreased SLC6A14 phosphothreonine and SEC24C phosphoserine. Augmented levels of SLC6A14 in plasma membrane led to increased leucine transport. These results show that the inactivation of AKT can rescue amino acid delivery through SLC6A14 trafficking to the cell surface, supporting cancer cell survival. The regulation of the ER export of the amino acid transporter seems to be a novel function of AKT.
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Mir H, Kapur N, Gales DN, Sharma PK, Oprea-Ilies G, Johnson AT, Singh R, Singh S. CXCR6-CXCL16 Axis Promotes Breast Cancer by Inducing Oncogenic Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143568. [PMID: 34298782 PMCID: PMC8306453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer (BrCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American women, and its incidence is on the rise. Insufficient understanding of the mechanisms leading to BrCa limits the effectiveness of the treatment. In this article, we show the importance of a chemokine axis-CXCR6/CXCL16 in supporting BrCa progression. We have delineated BrCa-promoting mechanisms induced by this chemokine axis at the molecular level. This work projects the therapeutic significance of CXCR6/CXCL16 signaling for the treatment of BrCa. Abstract Precise mechanisms underlying breast cancer (BrCa) metastasis are undefined, which becomes a challenge for effective treatments. Chemokine signaling instigates the trafficking of cancer cells in addition to leukocytes. This study aimed to ascertain the clinical and biological significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 signaling axis in the pathobiology of BrCa. Our data show a higher expression of CXCR6 in BrCa cell lines and tissues. Stage-III BrCa tissues express significantly higher CXCR6 compared to stage-II tissues. The ligand, CXCL16, could remain tethered to the cell surface, and, after proteolytic shedding of the ectodomain, the N-terminal fragment is released, converting it to its oncogenic, soluble form. Like CXCR6, N-terminal CXCL16 and ADAM-10 were significantly higher in stage-III than stage-II, but no significant difference was observed in the C-terminal fragment of CXCL16. Further, stimulation of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis activated Src, FAK, ERK1/2, and PI3K signaling pathways, as per antibody microarray analysis, which also underlie CXCL16-induced F-actin polymerization. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis induces cytoskeleton rearrangement facilitating migration and invasion and supports BrCa cell survival by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study highlights the significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis and ADAM10 as potential therapeutic targets for advanced-stage BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (H.M.); (N.K.); (D.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (H.M.); (N.K.); (D.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Dominique N. Gales
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (H.M.); (N.K.); (D.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Praveen K. Sharma
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Jharkhand 835205, India;
| | - Gabriela Oprea-Ilies
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Anita T. Johnson
- Comprehensive Cancer Care Network, Cancer Treatment Center of America, Atlanta, GA 30265, USA;
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (H.M.); (N.K.); (D.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (H.M.); (N.K.); (D.N.G.); (R.S.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-5718
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Maadi H, Soheilifar MH, Choi WS, Moshtaghian A, Wang Z. Trastuzumab Mechanism of Action; 20 Years of Research to Unravel a Dilemma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143540. [PMID: 34298754 PMCID: PMC8303665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab as a first HER2-targeted therapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients was introduced in 1998. Although trastuzumab has opened a new avenue to treat patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and other types of cancer, some patients are not responsive or become resistant to this treatment. So far, several mechanisms have been suggested for the mode of action of trastuzumab; however, the findings regarding these mechanisms are controversial. In this review, we aimed to provide a detailed insight into the various mechanisms of action of trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1315795613, Iran;
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Abdolvahab Moshtaghian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741695447, Iran;
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799442, Iran
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal, Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Montero-Bullón JF, González-Velasco Ó, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J. Integrated in silico MS-based phosphoproteomics and network enrichment analysis of RASopathy proteins. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:303. [PMID: 34229750 PMCID: PMC8258961 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RASopathies are a group of syndromes showing clinical overlap caused by mutations in genes affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway. Consequent disruption on cellular signaling leads and is driven by phosphoproteome remodeling. However, we still lack a comprehensive picture of the different key players and altered downstream effectors. Methods An in silico interactome of RASopathy proteins was generated using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, including identification of main hub proteins. We also integrated phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies using previous published information on RASopathy proteins and their neighbors in the context of RASopathy syndromes. Data from Phosphosite database (www.phosphosite.org) was collected in order to obtain the potential phosphosites subjected to regulation in the 27 causative RASopathy proteins. We compiled a dataset of dysregulated phosphosites in RASopathies, searched for commonalities between syndromes in harmonized data, and analyzed the role of phosphorylation in the syndromes by the identification of key players between the causative RASopathy proteins and the associated interactome. Results In this study, we provide a curated data set of 27 causative RASopathy genes, identify up to 511 protein–protein associations using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, and identify 12 nodes as main hub proteins. We found that a large group of proteins contain tyrosine residues and their biological processes include but are not limited to the nervous system. Harmonizing published RASopathy phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies we identified a total of 147 phosphosites with increased phosphorylation, whereas 47 have reduced phosphorylation. The PKB signaling pathway is the most represented among the dysregulated phosphoproteins within the RASopathy proteins and their neighbors, followed by phosphoproteins implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This work illustrates the complex network underlying the RASopathies and the potential of phosphoproteomics for dissecting the molecular mechanisms in these syndromes. A combined study of associated genes, their interactome and phosphorylation events in RASopathies, elucidates key players and mechanisms to direct future research, diagnosis and therapeutic windows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, IBMCC Cancer Research Center, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Network for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS ARADyAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Binuclear silver(I) complexes with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activity and evaluation of cellular mechanism of action. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shikonin inhibits growth, invasion and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through inactivating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT signal pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:932-941. [PMID: 32282369 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor which is commonly found in East Asia and Africa. The present clinical treatment of NPC is still mainly based on chemotherapeutics and is prone to drug resistance and adverse reactions. Shikonin has been demonstrated to play the antitumor effect in various cancers. However, the specific effects and related regulatory mechanism of Shikonin in NPC have not been clearly declared yet. Cell viability was valued through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell proliferation was detected through colony formation assay and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Hochest 33258 staining was used to value cell apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were valued through wound healing and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Glucose uptake, lactate release, ATP level and pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) activity were measured using corresponding assay kits. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of proteins related to cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell migration and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal pathway. We found that Shikonin treatment effectively suppressed cell proliferation and induced obvious cell apoptosis compared with the control. Besides, Shikonin treatment suppressed cell migration and invasion effectively. The detection about glycolysis showed that Shikonin treatment suppressed cell glucose uptake, lactate release and ATP level. The activity of PKM2 was also largely inhibited by Shikonin. Further study revealed that the PI3K/AKT signal pathway was inactivated by Shikonin treatment. In addition, the inducer of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway largely abolished the antitumor effect of Shikonin on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell mobility and aerobic glycolysis in NPC cells. Shikonin inhibits growth and invasion of NPC cells through inactivating the PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Zamaraev AV, Volik PI, Sukhikh GT, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. Long non-coding RNAs: A view to kill ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188584. [PMID: 34157315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An emerging role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor progression has been revealed in the last decade. Through interactions with nucleic acids and proteins, lncRNAs could act as enhancers, scaffolds or decoys for a number of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. The aberrant lncRNA expression or mutations are often associated with changes in a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, stress response and cell death. Here, we will focus on the tumor-associated lncRNAs in ovarian cancer according to their contribution to cancer hallmarks, such as intense proliferation, cell death resistance, altered energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, and immune evasion. Moreover, the potential clinical implications of lncRNAs and their significance for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of ovarian cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zamaraev
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel I Volik
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- V. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Huang H, Peng X, Liang Y. SPLSN: An efficient tool for survival analysis and biomarker selection. INT J INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/int.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Hui Huang
- Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
- Laboratory of Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and Collaborative Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Xin‐Dong Peng
- School of Information Engineering Shaoguan University Shaoguan China
| | - Yong Liang
- Laboratory of Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau Institute of Systems Engineering and Collaborative Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
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Kozłowska J, Kolenda T, Poter P, Sobocińska J, Guglas K, Stasiak M, Bliźniak R, Teresiak A, Lamperska K. Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in HNSCC: From "Junk DNA" to Important Prognostic Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2949. [PMID: 34204634 PMCID: PMC8231241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Even a multimodal approach consisting of standard chemo- and radiotherapy along with surgical resection is only effective in approximately 50% of the cases. The rest of the patients develop a relapse of the disease and acquire resistance to treatment. Especially this group of individuals needs novel, personalized, targeted therapy. The first step to discovering such solutions is to investigate the tumor microenvironment, thus understanding the role and mechanism of the function of coding and non-coding sequences of the human genome. In recent years, RNA molecules gained great interest when the complex character of their impact on our biology allowed them to come out of the shadows of the "junk DNA" label. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), specifically the intergenic subgroup (lincRNA), are one of the most aberrantly expressed in several malignancies, which makes them particularly promising future diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review contains characteristics of known and validated lincRNAs in HNSCC, such as XIST, MALAT, HOTAIR, HOTTIP, lincRNA-p21, LINC02487, LINC02195, LINC00668, LINC00519, LINC00511, LINC00460, LINC00312, and LINC00052, with a description of their prognostic abilities. Even though much work remains to be done, lincRNAs are important factors in cancer biology that will become valuable biomarkers of tumor stage, outcome prognosis, and contribution to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centere, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki 61 and ul. Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stasiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
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Mo G, Zhang B, Jiang Q. Role of ARK5 in cancer and other diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:697. [PMID: 33986861 PMCID: PMC8112134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are often exposed to hypoxic and glucose-starved microenvironments. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that is stimulated during energy-deficient conditions and protects cells from hypoxic injury by regulating metabolism. AMPK-related protein kinase 5 (ARK5) is a member of the catalytic sub-unit of the AMPK family and has an important role in energy regulation and hypoxia. ARK5 is regulated by Akt and liver kinase B1 and is associated with numerous tumor-related molecules to exert the negative effects of tumors. Studies have revealed ARK5 overexpression in cases of tumor invasion and metastasis and a positive association with the degree of cancer cell malignancy, which is regarded as a key element in determining cancer prognosis. Furthermore, ARK5 downregulation improves drug sensitivity through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, indicating that it may be a potential therapeutic target. In other non-cancer conditions, ARK5 has various roles in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease), renal disorders (diabetic nephropathy and renal fibrosis) and physiological processes (striated muscle generation). In the present review, the upstream and downstream molecular pathways of ARK5 in cancer and other diseases are described and potential therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qunguang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Miricescu D, Balan DG, Tulin A, Stiru O, Vacaroiu IA, Mihai DA, Popa CC, Papacocea RI, Enyedi M, Sorin NA, Vatachki G, Georgescu DE, Nica AE, Stefani C. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway involvement in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:540. [PMID: 33815613 PMCID: PMC8014975 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for over 90% of all renal malignancies, and mainly affects the male population. Obesity and smoking are involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic cancers including RCC. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, migration, survival, angiogenesis, and metabolism. Growth factors, hormones, cytokine and many extracellular cues activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Dysregulation of this molecular pathway is frequently reported in human cancers including RCC and is associated with aggressive development and poor survival rate. mTOR is the master regulator of cell metabolism and growth, and is activated in many pathological processes such as tumour formation, insulin resistance and angiogenesis. mTOR inhibitors are used at present as drug therapy for RCC to inhibit cell proliferation, growth, survival, and the cell cycle. Temsirolimus and everolimus are two mTOR inhibitors that are currently used for the treatment of RCC. Drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway may be one of the best therapeutic options for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Tulin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Stiru
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu’ Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022322 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ‘Sf. Ioan’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Andrada Mihai
- Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department II of Diabetes, ‘Prof. N. Paulescu’ Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases National Institute of Diabetes, 020474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Constantin Popa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Papacocea
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaly Enyedi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology, ‘Victor Babes’ Private Medical Clinic, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nedelea Andrei Sorin
- Division of Urology, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Guenadiy Vatachki
- Department of General Surgery, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Eugen Georgescu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Nica
- Department of Orthopedics, Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Contribution of Yeast Studies to the Understanding of BCL-2 Family Intracellular Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084086. [PMID: 33920941 PMCID: PMC8071328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 family members are major regulators of apoptotic cell death in mammals. They form an intricate regulatory network that ultimately regulates the release of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria to the cytosol. The ectopic expression of mammalian BCL-2 family members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks BCL-2 homologs, has been long established as a useful addition to the available models to study their function and regulation. In yeast, individual proteins can be studied independently from the whole interaction network, thus providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their function in a living context. Furthermore, one can take advantage of the powerful tools available in yeast to probe intracellular trafficking processes such as mitochondrial sorting and interactions/exchanges between mitochondria and other compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum that are largely conserved between yeast and mammals. Yeast molecular genetics thus allows the investigation of the role of these processes on the dynamic equilibrium of BCL-2 family members between mitochondria and extramitochondrial compartments. Here we propose a model of dynamic regulation of BCL-2 family member localization, based on available evidence from ectopic expression in yeast.
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Al-Bahlani SM, Lakhtakia R, Al-Jaaidi SS, Al-Sinawi SS, Abd-Elmoety SG, Al-Khabori M, Osman AHA, Al-Baimani K, Shalaby AA. Correlation of expression of Akt1 and E2F1 and their phosphorylated forms in breast cancer patients with clinicopathological parameters. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:621-633. [PMID: 33847878 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer worldwide among women. Traditional clinicopathological prognostic and predictive markers need refining to improve clinical outcomes. This study explored the association between traditional clinicopathological factors and the expression of Akt1 and E2F1 transduction proteins and their phosphorylated forms in breast cancer, to determine their value as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Tumor tissues from 94 female breast cancer patients were examined for immunophenotypic expression of total Akt1, pAkt1 (Serine 473), pAkt1 (Threonine 308), total E2F1, pE2F1 (Thr433) and pE2F1 (Ser337). The expression of pAkt1 (Ser473) was significantly associated with ER/PR positive status and total E2F1 with older age (> 50), lymph node involvement and HER2 positivity. There was a significant association between triple negative cancers and total and pAkt1 (Thr308). pAkt1 (Ser473) showed an inverse relationship with Luminal B cancers and pE2F1 (Thr433) showed an inverse association with triple negative cancers. Higher expression of pE2F1 (Ser337) was associated with better OS. Both pAkt1 (Ser473 and Thr308) proteins showed significant association with poorer patient outcomes. E2F1 (Ser337) showed a significant positive correlation with response to chemotherapy. The study suggests that a pAkt1-/pE2F1+ phenotype could indicate an opportunity to minimize chemotherapeutic options in older women; conversely a pAkt1+/pE2F1- phenotype could prompt a more aggressive regimen. Further exploration of this phenotype in younger women with breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia M Al-Bahlani
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhoud, PC 123, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ritu Lakhtakia
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Samiya S Al-Jaaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shadia S Al-Sinawi
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shaymaa G Abd-Elmoety
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anjum H A Osman
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Baimani
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Asem A Shalaby
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansûra, Egypt
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Wen L, Zhang G, Ren C, Li X, Mok H, Jia M, Wang Y, Chen B, Li K, Cao L, Li C, Xiao W, Lai J, Lin J, Wei G, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Liao N. Characterization of AKT Somatic Mutations in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3055-3065. [PMID: 33854375 PMCID: PMC8039050 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s299624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate AKT gene mutation status in Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods The study included 411 breast cancer patients hospitalized in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (GDPH) from June 1, 2017 to September 27, 2018. Mastectomy or breast conserving surgery was performed, and tissue samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine AKT gene mutation status. Meanwhile, the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), progesterone receptor (PR), and estrogen receptor (ER) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for comparative studies. Results Patients in the GDPH cohort had an older age (P < 0.001), higher postmenopausal rate (P < 0.001), larger tumor size (P < 0.001), higher histologic type of infiltrating duct cancer (P < 0.001), higher metastatic rate (P < 0.001), higher expression of ER (P = 0.015) and HER2 (P < 0.001), and higher percentage of the HR/HER2 subtype (P < 0.001) than those in the TCGA cohort. The GDPH cohort displayed lower rates of overall AKT and AKT3 mutation (P < 0.001), but a higher AKT1 mutation rate (P < 0.0001) compared with the TCGA cohort. Notably, the NGS studies identified missense mutation and copy number amplification as the most common AKT variation type in the GDPH and TCGA cohorts, respectively. Specifically, E17K mutation in AKT1 was predominantly detected in GDPH cohort, while being absent in TCGA cohort. Moreover, in the GDPH cohort, AKT variation was correlated with a number of clinicopathological variables, including age over 50, HER2-, HR+/HER2-, and PR+. Conclusion Patients in the GDPH cohort had lower rates of AKT and AKT3 mutation and higher AKT1 mutation rate than those in the TCGA cohort, while harboring missense mutations detected predominantly as E17K mutation in AKT1. In GDPH cohort, there were correlations between AKT mutation and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Xiao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Lai
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Foshan Maternity and Children's Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Wang N, Xu Y, Guo Q, Zhu C, Zhao W, Qian W, Zheng M. Effects of miR-132-3p on progress and epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via regulating KLF7. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2426-2436. [PMID: 34012590 PMCID: PMC8107552 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) often appear as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this research was to examine miR-132-3p and Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) effects in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine miR-132-3p expression in tissue specimens and 6 cells (A549, H1650, H292, H1299, H1944, BEAS-2b). Luciferase report forecasted the targeting relationship between miR-132-3p and KLF7. The expression of KLF7 and interstitial protein was determined by western blot. Proliferation test and Transwell assay were adopted for examining cell development. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) colorimetric method was used to observe the effects of miR-132-3p and KLF7 on the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of NSCLC tumor cells. In order to determine whether the metastasis of NSCLC tumor cells was epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated, supplementary experiments with E-cadherin and vimentin were performed. Results An increased expression of miR-132-3p was detected in NSCLC. Its mimic promoted the proliferation of tumor cells. As an immediate site of miR-132-3p, KLF7 was reversely adjusted via miR-132-3p and restrained the development of tumor cells in NSCLC, the effects of which were attenuated via KLF7 over-expression. Besides, the presence of EMT-related diversions was confirmed in NSCLC. Conclusions By targeting KLF7, miR-132-3p was capable of promoting the proceeding of NSCLC tumor cells. We discovered miR-132-3p/KLF7 route may exhibit curative target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingkui Guo
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Qian
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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GE11 Peptide Conjugated Liposomes for EGFR-Targeted and Chemophotothermal Combined Anticancer Therapy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:5534870. [PMID: 33868396 PMCID: PMC8035035 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How to actively target tumor sites manipulating the controllable release of the encapsulated anticancer drugs and photosensitizers for synergistic anticancer therapy remains a big challenge. In this study, a cancer cell-targeted, near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered and anticancer drug loaded liposome system (LPs) was developed for synergistic cancer therapy. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapy drug Curcumin (CUR) were coencapsulated into the liposomes, followed by the surface conjugation of GE11 peptide for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting on the cancer cell surface. Strictly controlled by NIR light, GE11 peptide modified and CUR/ICG-loaded LPs (GE11-CUR/ICG-LPs) could introduce hyperthermia in EGFR overexpressed A549 cancer cells for photothermal therapy, which could also trigger the increased release of CUR for enhanced cancer cell inhibition. GE11-CUR/ICG-LPs synergized photochemotherapy could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytoskeleton disruption to activate stronger apoptotic signaling events than the photothermal therapy or chemotherapy alone by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. This EGFR-targeted drug-delivery nanosystem with NIR sensitivity may potentially serve in more effective anticancer therapeutics with reduced off-target effects.
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Sharma A, Cooper R, Bhardwaj G, Cannoo DS. The genus Nepeta: Traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113679. [PMID: 33307050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nepeta is a multiregional genus of the "Lamiaceae" (Labiatae or Mint) family. Species of Nepeta are a valuable part of traditional medicine and used extensively, particularly in the Himalayan region of India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Leh-Ladakh), Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwaand Pakistani Kashmir), Nepal (Baglund district), also in China and hilly regions of Turkey and Iran. Nepeta species are extensively used as a remedy against a variety of ailments and conditions like chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: The main aim of this review is to present a comprehensive and detailed study on traditional uses, pharmacology, phytochemistry, toxicology of Nepeta species and suggest future direction on the design and conduct of various preparations, either alone or in blends with prevailing conventional remedies. The review also emphasizes encouraging researchers towards the wide range of pharmaceutical applications of the various species of Nepeta for their better use and exploration in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the relevant data and information on different species of Nepeta were assembled using different databases, such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Chemspider, Google scholar, review and research articles from peer-reviewed journals and unpublished data. Some select 'grey literature' sources viz. ethnobotanical books, chapters, Wikipedia and webpages were also studied. RESULTS A variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and nutraceuticals has been isolated from various species of Nepeta. These bioactive compounds belong to different classes of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and their glycosides (rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid), flavonoids and their glycosides (cirsimaritin, salvigenin, luteolin, apigenin), iridoids (nepetalactones and their derivatives), terpenoids (1,8-cineole, linalool, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, parnapimaro, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), steroids (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), lignans, amino acids, carbohydrates, volatile oils, etc. The species of the genus Nepeta possess a variety of pharmacological activities namely anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-alzheimer, anticancer and cytotoxic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal and along with other biological activities. CONCLUSION The species of the genus Nepeta contains a rich source of various bioactive compounds, which are well tolerated as traditional medicines. In fact, different species of Nepeta are widely used in a variety of traditional medicinal systems all around the world. Owing to the variety of pharmacological properties of Nepeta species, more comprehensive and inclusive clinical trials are necessary for the utilization of different Nepeta species against the treatment of a wide range of ailments. There are also various other uses such as food, cosmetic and agriculture that can be investigated or explored in future. Some of the major domains that can be explored within this genus are the investigation of different species for their unexplored biological potential, isolation and characterization of new bioactive constituents and finally, investigation of new applications and possible commercialization of these bioactive leads. No doubt, there are various viable research domains outside those discussed above, but presently for the purposes of this review we will only emphasize the activities herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Dept Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Garima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
| | - Damanjit Singh Cannoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
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Guarente V, Sportoletti P. Lessons, Challenges and Future Therapeutic Opportunities for PI3K Inhibition in CLL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061280. [PMID: 33805745 PMCID: PMC7999552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is a family of kinases that play a key role in the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Inhibitors of PI3K demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of CLL, associated with significant adverse events that limited the clinical use of this drugs. In this review, we underlined the relevance of PI3K inhibitors in CLL, we collected recent data about the use of these molecules in clinical practice and in clinical trial discussing strategies for the management of adverse events, which could help to improve the use of these therapies in the treatment of CLL. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) shows constitutive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation resulting from aberrant regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. PI3K inhibitors have been evaluated in CLL therapy, bringing a new treatment opportunity for patients with this disease. Despite the proven therapeutic efficacy, the use of approved PI3K inhibitors is limited by severe immune-mediated toxicities and given the availability of other more tolerable agents. This article reviews the relevance of PI3K signaling and pharmacologic inhibition in CLL. Data on efficacy and toxicity of PI3K inhibitors are also presented, as well as strategies for overcoming barriers for their clinical use in CLL treatment.
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Molani Gol R, Kheirouri S. The Effects of Quercetin on the Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:405-422. [PMID: 33682528 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1897631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review was performed with a focus on the effects of quercetin (QT) on the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to May 2020 using relevant keywords. All articles written in English evaluating the effects of QT on the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 were eligible for the review. Totally, 31 articles were included in this review. Out of them, 23 studies investigated the effects of QT on MCF-7 cells and indicated that QT induces apoptosis in the cells. Of 15 studies that examined the effects of QT on MDA-MB-231 cells, 14 reports showed successful apoptosis. It is concluded that QT might be beneficial in the eliminating of breast cancer cells. However, further clinical trials are warranted to further verify these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Molani Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Neutrophil Adhesion and the Release of the Free Amino Acid Hydroxylysine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030563. [PMID: 33807594 PMCID: PMC7999338 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection or certain metabolic disorders, neutrophils can escape from blood vessels, invade and attach to other tissues. The invasion and adhesion of neutrophils is accompanied and maintained by their own secretion. We have previously found that adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin dramatically and selectively stimulates the release of the free amino acid hydroxylysine. The role of hydroxylysine and lysyl hydroxylase in neutrophil adhesion has not been studied, nor have the processes that control them. Using amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry and electron microscopy, we found that the lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor minoxidil, the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline, the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors wortmannin and the Akt1/2 inhibitor and drugs that affect the actin cytoskeleton significantly and selectively block the release of hydroxylysine and partially or completely suppress spreading of neutrophils. The actin cytoskeleton effectors and the Akt 1/2 inhibitor also increase the phenylalanine release. We hypothesize that hydroxylysine release upon adhesion is the result of the activation of lysyl hydroxylase in interaction with matrix metalloproteinase, the PI3K/Akt pathway and intact actin cytoskeleton, which play important roles in the recruitment of neutrophils into tissue through extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Verma AK, Aloliqi A, Allemailem KS, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin, a Plant Flavonol, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer through the Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051315. [PMID: 33804548 PMCID: PMC7957552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic flavonoids are considered natural, non-toxic chemopreventers, which are most commonly derived from plants, fruits, and vegetables. Most of these polyphenolics exhibit remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Quercetin (Qu) is a chief representative of these polyphenolic compounds, which exhibits excellent antioxidant and anticancer potential, and has attracted the attention of researchers working in the area of cancer biology. Qu can regulate numerous tumor-related activities, such as oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cell cycle, tumor necrosis factor, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The anticancer properties of Qu mainly occur through the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apoptosis, phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (P13K)/Akt (proteinase-kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase)/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu is documented in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, involving several animal models and cell lines. Remarkably, this phytochemical possesses toxic activities against cancerous cells only, with limited toxic effects on normal cells. In this review, we present extensive research investigations aimed to discuss the therapeutic potential of Qu in the management of different types of cancers. The anticancer potential of Qu is specifically discussed by focusing its ability to target specific molecular signaling, such as p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), VEGF, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. The anticancer potential of Qu has gained remarkable interest, but the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. However, this natural compound has great pharmacological potential; it is now believed to be a complementary—or alternative—medicine for the prevention and treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 51542, India;
| | - Abdulaziz Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (K.S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Hinz N, Baranowsky A, Horn M, Kriegs M, Sibbertsen F, Smit DJ, Clezardin P, Lange T, Schinke T, Jücker M. Knockdown of AKT3 Activates HER2 and DDR Kinases in Bone-Seeking Breast Cancer Cells, Promotes Metastasis In Vivo and Attenuates the TGFβ/CTGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020430. [PMID: 33670586 PMCID: PMC7922044 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases frequently occur in breast cancer patients and lack appropriate treatment options. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the multistep process of breast cancer bone metastasis and tumor-induced osteolysis is of paramount interest. The serine/threonine kinase AKT plays a crucial role in breast cancer bone metastasis but the effect of individual AKT isoforms remains unclear. Therefore, AKT isoform-specific knockdowns were generated on the bone-seeking MDA-MB-231 BO subline and the effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotaxis was analyzed by live-cell imaging. Kinome profiling and Western blot analysis of the TGFβ/CTGF axis were conducted and metastasis was evaluated by intracardiac inoculation of tumor cells into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. MDA-MB-231 BO cells exhibited an elevated AKT3 kinase activity in vitro and responded to combined treatment with AKT- and mTOR-inhibitors. Knockdown of AKT3 significantly increased migration, invasion, and chemotaxis in vitro and metastasis to bone but did not significantly enhance osteolysis. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT3 increased the activity and phosphorylation of pro-metastatic HER2 and DDR1/2 but lowered protein levels of CTGF after TGFβ-stimulation, an axis involved in tumor-induced osteolysis. We demonstrated that AKT3 plays a crucial role in bone-seeking breast cancer cells by promoting metastatic potential without facilitating tumor-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Horn
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Sibbertsen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Philippe Clezardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Tobias Lange
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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Rohrbach S, Li L, Novoyatleva T, Niemann B, Knapp F, Molenda N, Schulz R. Impact of PCSK9 on CTRP9-Induced Metabolic Effects in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593862. [PMID: 33643060 PMCID: PMC7904879 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocytokine adiponectin and its structural homologs, the C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), increase insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Adiponectin- and CTRP-induced signal transduction has been described to involve the adiponectin receptors and a number of co-receptors including the Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). LRP1 is another target of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) in addition to the LDL-receptor (LDL-R). Here, we investigated the influence of PCSK9 on the metabolic effects of CTRP9, the CTRP with the highest homology to adiponectin. Knockdown of LRP1 in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts blunts the effects of CTRP9 on signal transduction and mitochondrial biogenesis, suggesting its involvement in CTRP9-induced cellular effects. Treatment of adult rat cardiomyocytes with recombinant PCSK9 but not knockdown of endogenous PCSK9 by siRNA results in a strong reduction in LRP1 protein expression and subsequently reduces the mitochondrial biogenic effect of CTRP9. PCSK9 treatment (24 h) blunts the effects of CTRP9-induced signaling cascade activation (AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase B). In addition, the stimulating effects of CTRP9 on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose metabolism (GLUT-4 translocation, glucose uptake) are largely blunted. Basal fatty acid (FA) uptake is strongly reduced by exogenous PCSK9, although protein expression of the PCSK9 target CD36, the key regulator of FA transport in cardiomyocytes, is not altered. In addition, only minor effects of PCSK9 were observed on CTRP9-induced FA uptake or the expression of genes involved in FA metabolism or uptake. Finally, this CTRP9-induced increase in CD36 expression occurs independent from LRP1 and LDL-R. In conclusion, PCSK9 treatment influences LRP1-mediated signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. Thus, therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may provide an additional benefit through stimulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in addition to the known lipid-lowering effects. This could be an important beneficial side effect in situations with impaired mitochondrial function and reduced metabolic flexibility thereby influencing cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Knapp
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Tripolt S, Neubauer HA, Knab VM, Elmer DP, Aberger F, Moriggl R, Fux DA. Opioids drive breast cancer metastasis through the δ-opioid receptor and oncogenic STAT3. Neoplasia 2021; 23:270-279. [PMID: 33465556 PMCID: PMC7815495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The opioid crisis of pain medication bears risks from addiction to cancer progression, but little experimental evidence exists. Expression of δ-opioid receptors (DORs) correlates with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients, but mechanistic insights into oncogenic signaling mechanisms of opioid-triggered cancer progression are lacking. We show that orthotopic transplant models using human or murine breast cancer cells displayed enhanced metastasis upon opioid-induced DOR stimulation. Interestingly, opioid-exposed breast cancer cells showed enhanced migration and strong STAT3 activation, which was efficiently blocked by a DOR-antagonist. Furthermore, opioid treatment resulted in down-regulation of E-Cadherin and increased expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Notably, STAT3 knockdown or upstream inhibition through the JAK1/2 kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib prevented opioid-induced breast cancer cell metastasis and migration in vitro and in vivo. We conclude on a novel mechanism whereby opioid-triggered breast cancer metastasis occurs via oncogenic JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings emphasize the importance of selective and restricted opioid use, as well as the need for safer pain medication that does not activate these oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tripolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik P Elmer
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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139
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Li F, Xie W, Fang Y, Xie K, Liu W, Hou L, Tan W. HnRNP-F promotes the proliferation of bladder cancer cells mediated by PI3K/AKT/FOXO1. J Cancer 2021; 12:281-291. [PMID: 33391425 PMCID: PMC7738822 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP-F) could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in bladder cancer (BC), however, the role and mechanism of hnRNP-F in mediating the proliferative ability of BC cells remain unclear. HnRNP-F promoted the proliferation of BC cells by using BC cell lines and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation and flow cytometry assays in vitro. Furthermore, the association of hnRNP-F with the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway was confirmed by western blotting after bioinformatic analysis. HnRNP-F expression was significantly decreased by treatment with the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway inhibitor LY294002, whereas hnRNP-F knockdown did not significantly affect PI3K or AKT expression, suggesting that hnRNP-F is likely a downstream target of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a molecule downstream of PI3K/AKT and can be inhibited by phosphorylation. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays indicated that FOXO1 expression was negatively correlated with hnRNP-F expression as FOXO1 was found to bind to the promoter region of hnRNP-F mRNA and inhibit its transcription. To sum up, our findings suggest that hnRNP-F expression is regulated by the PI3K/AKT-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1, with phosphorylation inhibiting FOXO1, which subsequently allows hnRNP-F to promote proliferation. This finding is a novel discovery in BC and could help reveal the mechanism of BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Yunze Fang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Kunfeng Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Healthy Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
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140
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Xing D, Fadare O. Molecular events in the pathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:50-61. [PMID: 33032902 PMCID: PMC7749059 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), which constitute over 90% of vulvar malignancies in adults, are classifiable into 2 subgroups that are mostly clinicopathologically distinct, a classification that is fundamentally based whether or not the tumors are HPV-mediated. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the understanding of molecular events in the pathogenesis of VSCC, including common and targetable mutations, copy number alterations, epigenetics, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immune microenvironment, which may provide insight into the future management of the disease. These events show substantial differences between the 2 subgroups, although significant areas of overlap exist. Recurrent, driver mutations appear to be substantially more prevalent in HPV(-) VSCC. TP53 mutations are the most common somatic mutations in VSCC overall, and are notably predominant in the HPV(-) VSCC, where 30-88% show a mutation. TP53 mutations are associated with worse patient outcomes, and co-mutations between TP53 and either HRAS, PIK3CA or CDKN2A appear to define subsets with even worse outcomes. A wide variety of other somatic mutations have been identified, including a subset with different mutational frequencies between HPV(+) and HPV(-) VSCC. CDKN2A mutations are common, and have been identified in 21 to 55% of HPV(-) VSCC, and in 2 to 25% of HPV(+) VSCC. Hypermethylation of CDKN2A is the most frequently reported epigenetic alteration in VSCC and the expression of some microRNAs may be associated with patient outcomes. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly altered in HPV(+) VSCC, and is accordingly potentially targetable. HPV-positivity/p16 block expression by immunohistochemistry has been found to be an independent prognostic marker for improved survival in VSCC, and may have some predictive value in VSCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. 22-39.3% and 68% of VSCC show EGFR amplification and protein overexpression respectively, although the prognostic and predictive value of an EGFR alteration requires additional study. Recurrent chromosomal gains in VSCCs have been found at 1q, 2q, 3q, 4p, 5p, 7p, 8p, 8q, and 12q, and there may be differential patterns of alterations depending on HPV-status. At least one-third of VSCC patients may potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, based on a high frequency of PD-L1 expression or amplification, or a high tumor mutational burden. Additional studies are ultimately required to better understand the global landscape of genetic and epigenetic alterations in VSCC, and to identify and test potential targets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Xing
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
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141
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Yao Z, Gao G, Yang J, Long Y, Wang Z, Hu W, Liu Y. Prognostic Role of the Activated p-AKT Molecule in Various Hematologic Malignancies and Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588200. [PMID: 33363017 PMCID: PMC7758503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of human death worldwide. Recently, many studies have firmly established the causal relationship between oxidative stress and cancer initiation and progression. As a key protein in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, p-AKT (phosphorylated Akt) participates in the process of oxidative stress and plays a prognostic role in various hematologic tumors and solid tumors. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries to identify studies published in the past decade involving cancer patients expressing p-AKT that reported overall survival (OS) during follow-up. In this study, 6,128 patients in total were evaluated from 29 enrolled articles, and we concluded that overexpression of p-AKT was closely related to worse OS in cancer patients with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.67–4.00). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis, and the results indicated that overexpression of p-AKT was associated with worse OS in hematological tumor (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41–1.92), and solid tumor (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.61–5.26). High expression of p-AKT is related to poor prognosis of various hematologic tumors and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Gao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xingtang Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuming Long
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Daks AA, Fedorova OA, Shuvalov OY, Parfenev SE, Barlev NA. The Role of ERBB2/HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Receptor in the Regulation of Cell Death. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1277-1287. [PMID: 33202212 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), also known as ERBB2, CD340, and Neu protooncogene, is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) family. Members of the ERBB family, including HER2, activate molecular cascades that stimulate proliferation and migration of cancer cells, as well as their resistance to the anticancer therapy. These proteins are often overexpressed and/or mutated in various cancer types and represent promising targets for the anti-cancer therapy. Currently, anti-HER2 drugs have been approved for the treatment of several types of solid tumors. HER2-specific therapy includes monoclonal antibodies and low-molecular weight inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors, such as lapatinib, neratinib, and pyrotinib. In addition to the activation of molecular pathways responsible for cell proliferation and survival under stress conditions, HER2 directly regulates programmed cell death. Here, we review the studies focused on the involvement of HER2 in various signaling pathways and its role in the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O A Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O Y Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - S E Parfenev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
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143
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Baier A, Szyszka R. Compounds from Natural Sources as Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111546. [PMID: 33198400 PMCID: PMC7698043 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of natural compounds is their lower number of side-effects when compared to most synthetic substances. Therefore, over the past several decades, the interest in naturally occurring compounds is increasing in the search for new potent drugs. Natural compounds are playing an important role as a starting point when developing new selective compounds against different diseases. Protein kinases play a huge role in several diseases, like cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infections, or inflammations. In this review, we give a comprehensive view of natural compounds, which are/were the parent compounds in the development of more potent substances using computational analysis and SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryszard Szyszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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144
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Nałęcz KA. Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 (ATB 0,+) - A Target in Combined Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594464. [PMID: 33195271 PMCID: PMC7609839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by quick growth and proliferation, demanding constant supply of various nutrients. Several plasma membrane transporters delivering such compounds are upregulated in cancer. Solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14), known as amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) transports all amino acids with exception of the acidic ones: aspartate and glutamate. Its malfunctioning is correlated with several pathological states and it is upregulated in solid tumors. The high expression of SLC6A14 is prognostic and unfavorable in pancreatic cancer, while in breast cancer it is expressed in estrogen receptor positive cells. As many plasma membrane transporters it resides in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane after translation before further trafficking through Golgi to the cell surface. Transporter exit from ER is strictly controlled. The proper folding of SLC6A14 was shown to be controlled from the cytoplasmic side by heat shock proteins, further exit from ER and formation of coatomer II (COPII) coated vesicles depends on specific interaction with COPII cargo-recognizing subunit SEC24C, phosphorylated by kinase AKT. Inhibition of heat shock proteins, known to be upregulated in cancer, directs SLC6A14 to degradation. Targeting proteins regulating SLC6A14 trafficking is proposed as an additional pharmacological treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Nałęcz
- Laboratory of Transport Through Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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145
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Regulation of Glycolysis by Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Switching on the Warburg Effect. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:218-239. [PMID: 33251334 PMCID: PMC7666327 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The “Warburg effect” describes the reprogramming of glucose metabolism away from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis, and it is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Several factors can be involved in this process, but in this review, the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highlighted in several types of human cancer. ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, can all affect metabolic enzymes and transcription factors to promote glycolysis and modulate glucose metabolism to enhance the progression of tumors. In particular, the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways are associated with alterations in ncRNAs. A better understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in the Warburg effect could ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches for suppressing cancer.
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146
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Gaviraghi M, Rabellino A, Andolfo A, Brand M, Brombin C, Bagnato P, De Feudis G, Raimondi A, Locatelli A, Tosoni D, Mazza D, Gianni L, Tonon G, Yarden Y, Tacchetti C, Daniele T. Direct stimulation of ERBB2 highlights a novel cytostatic signaling pathway driven by the receptor Thr 701 phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16906. [PMID: 33037285 PMCID: PMC7547737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 is a ligand-less tyrosine kinase receptor expressed at very low levels in normal tissues; when overexpressed, it is involved in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis in several carcinomas. In cancer cells, ERBB2 represents the preferred partner of other members of the ERBB receptor family, leading to stronger oncogenic signals, by promoting both ERK and AKT activation. The identification of the specific signaling downstream of ERBB2 has been impaired by the lack of a ligand and of an efficient way to selectively activate the receptor. In this paper, we found that antibodies (Abs) targeting different epitopes on the ERBB2 extracellular domain foster the activation of ERBB2 homodimers, and surprisingly induce a unique cytostatic signaling cascade promoting an ERK-dependent ERBB2 Thr701 phosphorylation, leading to AKT de-phosphorylation, via PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatases. Furthermore, the immunophilin Cyclophilin A plays a crucial role in this pathway, acting as a negative modulator of AKT de-phosphorylation, possibly by competing with Ser/Thr phosphatases for binding to AKT. Altogether, our data show that Ab recognizing ERBB2 extracellular domain function as receptor agonists, promoting ERBB2 homodimer activation, leading to an anti-proliferative signaling. Thus, the ultimate outcome of ERBB2 activity might depend on the dimerization status: pro-oncogenic in the hetero-, and anti-oncogenic in the homo-dimeric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gaviraghi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rabellino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Protein Microsequencing Facility, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias Brand
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Brombin
- University Centre for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Feudis
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberta Locatelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Gianni
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Daniele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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147
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Liu S, Gong Y, Xu XD, Shen H, Gao S, Bao HD, Guo SB, Yu XF, Gong J. MicroRNA-936/ERBB4/Akt axis exhibits anticancer properties of gastric cancer through inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:111-120. [PMID: 33021020 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and has a poor prognosis. MiR-936 has been reported to regulate cell activity and tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer, glioma, and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the specific role and mechanism of miR-936 in gastric cancer have not been explored. In present study, gastric cancer cells were transfected with miR-936 mimic, and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed via cell-counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to check miR-936 binding to its downstream target. It was shown that miR-936 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) was confirmed as a direct target of miR-936 and negatively regulated its expression by miR-936. Overexpression of miR-936 suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, which could be reversed by further ERBB4 overexpression. Western blot results showed that miR-936/ERBB4 axis regulated Akt-related pathways to control gastric cancer cell activities. Therefore, our data suggest that miR-936 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation and invasion and promotes cell apoptosis through Akt-related pathways by targeting ERBB4, which provides novel insight to target miR-936 or miR-936/ERBB4 axis for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Dong Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shi-Bin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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148
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Klümper T, Bruckmueller H, Diewock T, Kaehler M, Haenisch S, Pott C, Bruhn O, Cascorbi I. Expression differences of miR-142-5p between treatment-naïve chronic myeloid leukemia patients responding and non-responding to imatinib therapy suggest a link to oncogenic ABL2, SRI, cKIT and MCL1 signaling pathways critical for development of therapy resistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32999756 PMCID: PMC7519530 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by constitutive activity of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1. Although the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has substantially improved patients’ prognosis, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in CML therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators, are implicated in CML progression and drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles of 45 treatment-naïve CML patients in chronic phase (28 peripheral blood and 17 bone marrow samples) with respect to future response to imatinib therapy. Methods TaqMan low density arrays were used to analyze the miRNA expression pattern of the patient samples. For selected microRNAs, reporter gene assays were performed to study their ability to regulate CML associated target genes. Results Significant lower expression levels of miR-142-5p were identified in both, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of future non-responders suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role of this miRNA. This was supported by reporter gene assays that identified the survival, proliferation and invasion promoting CML related genes ABL2, cKIT, MCL1 and SRI as targets of miR-142-5p and miR-365a-3p, the latter identified as potential biomarker in peripheral blood samples. Conclusion MiR-142-5p and to a certain extend also miR-365a-3p were able to discriminate treatment-naïve CML patients not responding to imatinib in the course of their treatment from patients, who responded to therapy. However, further large-scale studies should clarify if the identified miRNAs have the potential as predictive biomarkers for TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Klümper
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Diewock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sierk Haenisch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Pott
- Department of Medicine II, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruhn
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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149
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Bognar Z, Cseh AM, Fekete K, Antus C, Bognar R, Tapodi A, Ramadan FHJ, Sumegi B, Gallyas F. Amiodarone's major metabolite, desethylamiodarone inhibits proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells and limits lung metastasis formation in an in vivo experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239088. [PMID: 32977329 PMCID: PMC7518930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the in vitro anti-tumor effects of desethylamiodarone (DEA) in bladder and cervix cancer cell lines. In the present study, we intended to establish its potentiality in B16-F10 metastatic melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We assessed cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle by using sulforhodamine B assay, Muse™ Annexin V & Dead Cell and Muse® Cell Cycle assays, respectively. We determined colony formation after crystal violet staining. For studying mechanistic aspects, immunoblotting analysis was performed. We used a C57BL/6 experimental lung metastasis model for demonstrating in vivo anti-metastatic potential of DEA. DEA inhibited in vitro proliferation and colony formation, and in vivo lung metastasizing properties of B16-F10 cells. It arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase of their cycle likely via p21 in a p53-dependent fashion, and induced caspase mediated apoptosis likely via inversely regulating Bcl-2 and Bax levels, and reducing Akt and ERK1/2 activation. In this study, we provided in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences for DEA’s potentiality in the therapy of metastatic melanomas. Since DEA is the major metabolite of amiodarone, a worldwide used antiarrhythmic drug, safety concerns could be resolved more easily for it than for a novel pharmacological agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Maria Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Rita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Fadi H. J. Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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150
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Zhao S, Xu W, Tu B, Hong WG, Zhang Z, Chen WW, Zhao M. Alterations of the frequency and functions of follicular regulatory T cells and related mechanisms in HIV infection. J Infect 2020; 81:776-784. [PMID: 32956725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs both cellular and humoral immune system. Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are a recently characterised subset of CD4+T cells. Tfr also exerts an immunosuppressive effect on humoral immune system through interaction with follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, but the role of Tfr in HIV infection needs to be further elucidated. 20 treatment-naïve and 20 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected individuals were enrolled for cross-sectional study and nine complete responders (CRs) and eight immune non-responders (INRs) after ART were collected for retrospective cohort study. Tfr phenotypes, cytokine secretions, and apoptosis of those subjects were evaluated by flow cytometry. HIV DNA was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Significantly increased circulating Tfr was observed in chronic HIV+ patients and the imbalance between Tfr and Tfh17 was associated with CD4+T counts. In addition, an elevated proportion of Tfr was associated with immune reconstruction failure of patients after ART. The IL-10 and CTLA-4 expressions of Tfr cells were up-regulated in treatment-naïve HIV+ patients. Ex vivo experiments showed IL-10 and CTLA-4 expressed by Tfr inhibited IL-21 secretion of Tfh. Tfr harboured a comparable HIV-1 DNA level with Tfh in HIV+ patients. Compared to Tfr of HCs, Tfr cells of HIV+ patients were more insensitive to CD95 and IFN-α induced apoptosis, had a higher proliferation rate, and had more stem-like T cell (Tscm) phenotype. The anti-apoptosis feature, higher proliferation rate, and Tscm-like features of Tfr in HIV+ patients, led to the expansion of Tfr which in turn resulted in dysfunction of Tfh. Tfr cells were also involved in immune reconstruction failure and latent infection of HIV. Tfr cells were a novel, and potentially therapeutic, target for the cure of HIV infection, especially for HIV vaccine development and HIV reservoir elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei-Guo Hong
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shenzhen 3rd People's Hospital, NO. 29, Bulan Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518100, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, NO. 100, Xisihuan Road, FengTai District, Beijing 100039, China.
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