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Refinetti FM, Drews R, Corrêa UC, Bastos FH. Obesity impairs performing and learning a timing perception task regardless of the body position. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:351-361. [PMID: 33386875 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with poorer sensorimotor performance. However, it remains unclear whether these obesity-related impairments can be mitigated by practice. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effects of practice on performing and learning a temporal estimation task, in women with and without obesity. The experimental task consisted of synchronizing the arrival of two rectangles at a target point. Limited to the pressing of a switch, the task was intended to minimize possible muscular fatigue, self-generated perturbations to balance and the need to accelerate/decelerate body segments. Participants were allowed to choose the displacement velocity of the rectangle they controlled and were informed that they would not be offered any choice over it during a test to come. To control for the effect of different body positions on sensorimotor performance and learning, the 19 women with obesity (BMI = 40.0 + 7.33, age = 44.2 + 6.6) and 20 without obesity (BMI = 22.3 + 1.95, age = 43 + 6.9) were assigned into 4 groups, according to their BMI and body position assumed during practice (standing upright with feet together or sitting). As no significant differences concerning body position were found, the data were reanalysed disregarding this factor. Results revealed that while both groups reduced errors during the Acquisition, participants with obesity showed poorer performance (Acquisition) and sensorimotor learning (Transfer). Given the experimental task and adopted procedures, our results tend to support the hypothesis that hindered perception and/or integration of sensory information is associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mottin Refinetti
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária - São Paulo, São Paulo, ZIP 05508-030, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Drews
- Motor Behavior Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Benjamim Constant, 1286 - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, ZIP 38400-678, Brazil
| | - Umberto Cesar Corrêa
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária - São Paulo, São Paulo, ZIP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique Bastos
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária - São Paulo, São Paulo, ZIP 05508-030, Brazil
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102
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Basile D, Bartoletti M, Polano M, Bortot L, Gerratana L, Di Nardo P, Borghi M, Fanotto V, Pelizzari G, Lisanti C, Garutti M, Buriolla S, Ongaro E, Andreuzzi E, Montico M, Balestreri L, Miolo G, Toffoli G, Aprile G, Puglisi F, Buonadonna A. Prognostic role of visceral fat for overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: A pilot study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:286-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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103
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Vily-Petit J, Soty-Roca M, Silva M, Raffin M, Gautier-Stein A, Rajas F, Mithieux G. Intestinal gluconeogenesis prevents obesity-linked liver steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2020; 69:2193-2202. [PMID: 32205419 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic steatosis accompanying obesity is a major health concern, since it may initiate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated complications like cirrhosis or cancer. Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a recently described function that contributes to the metabolic benefits of specific macronutrients as protein or soluble fibre, via the initiation of a gut-brain nervous signal triggering brain-dependent regulations of peripheral metabolism. Here, we investigate the effects of IGN on liver metabolism, independently of its induction by the aforementioned macronutrients. DESIGN To study the specific effects of IGN on hepatic metabolism, we used two transgenic mouse lines: one is knocked down for and the other overexpresses glucose-6-phosphatase, the key enzyme of endogenous glucose production, specifically in the intestine. RESULTS We report that mice with a genetic overexpression of IGN are notably protected from the development of hepatic steatosis and the initiation of NAFLD on a hypercaloric diet. The protection relates to a diminution of de novo lipogenesis and lipid import, associated with benefits at the level of inflammation and fibrosis and linked to autonomous nervous system. Conversely, mice with genetic suppression of IGN spontaneously exhibit increased hepatic triglyceride storage associated with activated lipogenesis pathway, in the context of standard starch-enriched diet. The latter is corrected by portal glucose infusion mimicking IGN. CONCLUSION We conclude that IGN per se has the capacity of preventing hepatic steatosis and its eventual evolution toward NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vily-Petit
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty-Roca
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France .,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
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104
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Loftfield E, Herzig KH, Caporaso JG, Derkach A, Wan Y, Byrd DA, Vogtmann E, Männikkö M, Karhunen V, Knight R, Gunter MJ, Järvelin MR, Sinha R. Association of Body Mass Index with Fecal Microbial Diversity and Metabolites in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2289-2299. [PMID: 32855266 PMCID: PMC7642019 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for multiple cancer types. Lower microbial richness has been linked to obesity, but human studies are inconsistent, and associations of early-life body mass index (BMI) with the fecal microbiome and metabolome are unknown. METHODS We characterized the fecal microbiome (n = 563) and metabolome (n = 340) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We estimated associations of adult BMI and BMI history with microbial features and metabolites using linear regression and Spearman correlations (rs ) and computed correlations between bacterial sequence variants and metabolites overall and by BMI category. RESULTS Microbial richness, including the number of sequence variants (rs = -0.21, P < 0.0001), decreased with increasing adult BMI but was not independently associated with BMI history. Adult BMI was associated with 56 metabolites but no bacterial genera. Significant correlations were observed between microbes in 5 bacterial phyla, including 18 bacterial genera, and metabolites in 49 of the 62 metabolic pathways evaluated. The genera with the strongest correlations with relative metabolite levels (positively and negatively) were Blautia, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus in the Firmicutes phylum, but associations varied by adult BMI category. CONCLUSIONS BMI is strongly related to fecal metabolite levels, and numerous associations between fecal microbial features and metabolite levels underscore the dynamic role of the gut microbiota in metabolism. IMPACT Characterizing the associations between the fecal microbiome, the fecal metabolome, and BMI, both recent and early-life exposures, provides critical background information for future research on cancer prevention and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu, Finland and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Gregory Caporaso
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Doratha A Byrd
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Bioengineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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105
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Abstract
Metastatic dissemination occurs very early in the malignant progression of a cancer but the clinical manifestation of metastases often takes years. In recent decades, 5-year survival of patients with many solid cancers has increased due to earlier detection, local disease control and adjuvant therapies. As a consequence, we are confronted with an increase in late relapses as more antiproliferative cancer therapies prolong disease courses, raising questions about how cancer cells survive, evolve or stop growing and finally expand during periods of clinical latency. I argue here that the understanding of early metastasis formation, particularly of the currently invisible phase of metastatic colonization, will be essential for the next stage in adjuvant therapy development that reliably prevents metachronous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Klein
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany.
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106
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Wang L, Wang S, Shi Y, Li R, Günther S, Ong YT, Potente M, Yuan Z, Liu E, Offermanns S. YAP and TAZ protect against white adipocyte cell death during obesity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5455. [PMID: 33116140 PMCID: PMC7595161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity goes along with increased mechanical, metabolic and inflammatory stress. How adipocytes resist this stress is still poorly understood. Both in human and mouse adipocytes, the transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ and YAP/TAZ target genes become activated during obesity. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking YAP/TAZ in white adipocytes develop severe lipodystrophy with adipocyte cell death. The pro-apoptotic factor BIM, which is downregulated in adipocytes of obese mice and humans, is strongly upregulated in YAP/TAZ-deficient adipocytes under HFD, and suppression of BIM expression reduces adipocyte apoptosis. In differentiated adipocytes, TNFα and IL-1β promote YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation via activation of RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and increase YAP/TAZ-mediated transcriptional regulation by activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AP-1. Our data indicate that the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway may be a target to control adipocyte cell death and compensatory adipogenesis during obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipogenesis
- Animals
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/deficiency
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Death
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
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107
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Huang X, Xie C, Tang J, He W, Yang F, Tian W, Li J, Yang Q, Shen J, Xia L, Lan C. Adipose tissue area as a predictor for the efficacy of apatinib in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: an exploratory imaging biomarker analysis of the AEROC trial. BMC Med 2020; 18:267. [PMID: 33012286 PMCID: PMC7534164 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy is effective in patients with ovarian cancer. Whether adipose tissue (AT) could predict the efficacy of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors in ovarian cancer is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the ability of distinct AT depots to predict the efficacy of apatinib, a VEGFR inhibitor, in recurrent ovarian cancers included in the AEROC trial. METHODS The AEROC was a single-arm phase 2 trial of apatinib and oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer. Apatinib was administered continuously, and oral etoposide was administered every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. This was a post hoc study based on the AEROC trial. Areas of visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT), and intermuscular AT (IMAT) were measured using computed tomography scan at baseline to assess their association with the objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS Of the 35 treated patients, 31 patients with at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment by computed tomography scan were included in this study. After adjusting for apatinib exposure, high VAT (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.90, P = 0.037) and SAT (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.87, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with a higher objective response rate. Further, decreased risks of disease progression and death were associated with high VAT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17-0.92, P = 0.031, and HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04-0.40, P < 0.001, respectively), SAT (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83, P = 0.027, and HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.67, P = 0.007, respectively), and IMAT (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.74, P = 0.016, and HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.62, P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High areas of VAT, SAT, and IMAT were significantly associated with better outcomes in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer who received VEGFR inhibitors. AT assessments may be valuable as patient-specific imaging biomarkers for predicting response to VEGFR inhibitors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02867956 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhuo He
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfang Tian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jundong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangping Xia
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunyan Lan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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108
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Pollack R, Ashash A, Cahn A, Rottenberg Y, Stern H, Dresner-Pollak R. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Thyroid Dysfunction Is Associated with Higher Body Mass Index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5872027. [PMID: 32668461 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is a proinflammatory metabolic state that may play a role in the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. OBJECTIVE To characterize the association between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid irAEs. METHODS We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of 185 cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/L1 from January 2014 to December 2018. Patients with normal thyroid function at baseline and available BMI were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was difference in BMI in patients who developed overt thyroid dysfunction versus those who remained euthyroid following anti-PD-1/L1 initiation. Additional endpoints included any (overt or subclinical) thyroid dysfunction, overt thyrotoxicosis or overt hypothyroidism, and time to development of dysfunction according to BMI. RESULTS Any thyroid dysfunction developed in 72 (38.9%) patients and 41 (22.1%) developed overt thyroid dysfunction. Mean BMI was higher in those with overt thyroid dysfunction versus euthyroid (27.3 ± 6.0 vs 24.9 ± 4.5, P = .03). Development of overt thyrotoxicosis versus remaining euthyroid was associated with higher BMI (28.9 ± 5.9 vs 24.9 ± 4.5; P < .01), whereas overt hypothyroidism was not (26.7 ± 5.5 vs 24.9 ± 4.5, P = .10). Overt thyrotoxicosis developed within 57.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 31.8-78.8) days of treatment in the low-normal BMI group, 38.0 (IQR 26.8-40.5) days in the overweight group, and 23.0 (IQR 21.0-28.0) days in the obese group (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with PD-1/L1 inhibitors were more likely to develop thyroid irAEs, specifically overt thyrotoxicosis, with increasing BMI. Overt thyrotoxicosis occurred earlier in obese versus leaner patients. These data highlight the complex interplay between obesity and immune response in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Pollack
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Ashash
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avivit Cahn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakir Rottenberg
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagay Stern
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rivka Dresner-Pollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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109
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Munir MT, Ponce C, Santos JM, Sufian HB, Al-Harrasi A, Gollahon LS, Hussain F, Rahman SM. VD 3 and LXR agonist (T0901317) combination demonstrated greater potency in inhibiting cholesterol accumulation and inducing apoptosis via ABCA1-CHOP-BCL-2 cascade in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7771-7782. [PMID: 32990902 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with hypercholesterolemia and is a global epidemic. Epidemiological and animal studies revealed cholesterol is an essential regulator of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer progression while inhibition of cholesterol accumulation was found to prevent breast tumor growth. Individually, vitamin D and LXR agonist T0901317 showed anticancer properties. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3, calcitriol), LXR agonist (T0901317) and a combination of VD3 + T0901317 on cholesterol metabolism and cancer progression in ER+ breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. VD3 or T0901317 alone reduced cholesterol accumulation significantly in MCF-7 cells concomitant with an induction of ABCA1 protein and gene expression compared to the control treatment. Most importantly, VD3 + T0901317 combination showed higher effects in reducing cholesterol levels and increasing ABCA1 protein and gene expression compared to individual treatments. Importantly, VD3 + T0901317 combination showed higher effects in increasing apoptosis as measured by annexin apoptosis assay, cell viability and was associated with induction of CHOP protein and gene expression. Additionally, the VD3 + T0901317 exerted higher effects in reducing antiapoptotic BCL-2 while increased pro-apoptotic BAX gene expression compared to the individual treatments. The present results suggest that VD3 and T0901317 combination may have an important therapeutic application to prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia mediated ER+ breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha T Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fazle Hussain
- Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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110
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Troisi J, Raffone A, Travaglino A, Belli G, Belli C, Anand S, Giugliano L, Cavallo P, Scala G, Symes S, Richards S, Adair D, Fasano A, Bottigliero V, Guida M. Development and Validation of a Serum Metabolomic Signature for Endometrial Cancer Screening in Postmenopausal Women. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2018327. [PMID: 32986110 PMCID: PMC7522698 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic cancer. Its early detection is advisable because 20% of women have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To clinically validate a metabolomics-based classification algorithm as a screening test for EC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This diagnostic study enrolled 2 cohorts. A multicenter prospective cohort, with 50 cases (postmenopausal women with EC; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-III and grade G1-G3) and 70 controls (no EC but matched on age, years from menopause, tobacco use, and comorbidities), was used to train multiple classification models. The accuracy of each trained model was then used as a statistical weight to produce an ensemble machine learning algorithm for testing, which was validated with a subsequent prospective cohort of 1430 postmenopausal women. The study was conducted at the San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital of Salerno (Italy) and Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori clinic in Avellino (Italy). Data collection was conducted from January 2018 to February 2019, and analysis was conducted from January to March 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The presence or absence of EC based on evaluation of the blood metabolome. Metabolites were extracted from dried blood samples from all participants and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A confusion matrix was used to summarize test results. Performance indices included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and accuracy. Confirmation or exclusion of EC in women with a positive test result was by means of hysteroscopy. Participants with negative results were followed up 1 year after enrollment to investigate the appearance of EC signs. RESULTS The study population consisted of 1550 postmenopausal women. The mean (SD) age was 68.2 (11.7) years for participants with no EC in the training cohort, 69.4 (13.8) years for women with EC in the training cohort, and 59.7 (7.7) years for women in the validation cohort. Application of the ensemble machine learning to the validation cohort resulted in 16 true-positives, 2 false-positives, and 0 false-negatives, and it correctly classified more than 99% of samples. Disease prevalence was 1.12% (16 of 1430). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, dried blood metabolomic profile was used to assess the presence or absence of EC in postmenopausal women not receiving hormonal therapy with greater than 99% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Theoreo, Montecorvino Pugliano, Salerno, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Belli
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori, Avellino Section, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmen Belli
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori, Avellino Section, Avellino, Italy
| | - Santosh Anand
- Università degli Studi di Milano–Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Giugliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Istituto Sistemi Complessi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Steven Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine at Chattanooga
| | - Sean Richards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine at Chattanooga
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
| | - David Adair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine at Chattanooga
| | - Alessio Fasano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bottigliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Theoreo, Montecorvino Pugliano, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Tsui ST, Yang J, Zhang X, Spaniolas K, Kim S, Griffin T, Burke WM, Pryor AD. The risk of female-specific cancer after bariatric surgery in the state of New York. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:4267-4274. [PMID: 32851468 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a known risk factor for many cancers. Although bariatric surgery has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing cancer, data on the effect of bariatric surgery on female-specific cancers are limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of bariatric interventions on the development of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer. METHODS The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was used to identify all female patients without a pre-existing cancer diagnosis who had a diagnosis of obesity between 2006 and 2012. The risk of having female-specific cancer diagnosis in patients who underwent bariatric surgery were compared with those who had no bariatric interventions using multivariable proportional sub-distribution hazard regression analysis. Subsequent cancer diagnoses were followed up to 2016. RESULTS We identified 55,781 and 247,102 obese female patients who had and did not have bariatric surgery, respectively. The overall incidence of female-specific cancer was 2.69% and 2.09% for the non-surgery and surgery groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Surgery patients were less likely to develop female-specific cancers [hazard ratio (HR) 0.78; 95% CI 0.73-0.83; p < 0.0001]. Patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had a lower risk of developing female-specific cancer than laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.87; p = 0.0056) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.69-0.99; p = 0.0056) patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing bariatric surgery have a lower incidence of endometrial, female breast and ovarian cancer than non-surgery obese patients. These data suggest that bariatric interventions may reduce the risk of female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T Tsui
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, 101 Nicolls Rd, Health Science Center, T-19, Room 053, Stony Brook, USA.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Konstantinos Spaniolas
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sara Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Todd Griffin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William M Burke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aurora D Pryor
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Earth Observation Data Supporting Non-Communicable Disease Research: A Review. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A disease is non-communicable when it is not transferred from one person to another. Typical examples include all types of cancer, diabetes, stroke, or allergies, as well as mental diseases. Non-communicable diseases have at least two things in common—environmental impact and chronicity. These diseases are often associated with reduced quality of life, a higher rate of premature deaths, and negative impacts on a countries’ economy due to healthcare costs and missing work force. Additionally, they affect the individual’s immune system, which increases susceptibility toward communicable diseases, such as the flu or other viral and bacterial infections. Thus, mitigating the effects of non-communicable diseases is one of the most pressing issues of modern medicine, healthcare, and governments in general. Apart from the predisposition toward such diseases (the genome), their occurrence is associated with environmental parameters that people are exposed to (the exposome). Exposure to stressors such as bad air or water quality, noise, extreme heat, or an overall unnatural surrounding all impact the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. In the identification of such environmental parameters, geoinformation products derived from Earth Observation data acquired by satellites play an increasingly important role. In this paper, we present a review on the joint use of Earth Observation data and public health data for research on non-communicable diseases. We analyzed 146 articles from peer-reviewed journals (Impact Factor ≥ 2) from all over the world that included Earth Observation data and public health data for their assessments. Our results show that this field of synergistic geohealth analyses is still relatively young, with most studies published within the last five years and within national boundaries. While the contribution of Earth Observation, and especially remote sensing-derived geoinformation products on land surface dynamics is on the rise, there is still a huge potential for transdisciplinary integration into studies. We see the necessity for future research and advocate for the increased incorporation of thematically profound remote sensing products with high spatial and temporal resolution into the mapping of exposomes and thus the vulnerability and resilience assessment of a population regarding non-communicable diseases.
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Palliyaguru DL, Yang L, Chartoumpekis DV, Wendell SG, Fazzari M, Skoko JJ, Liao Y, Oesterreich S, Michalopoulos GK, Kensler TW. Sulforaphane Diminishes the Formation of Mammary Tumors in Rats Exposed to 17β-Estradiol. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2282. [PMID: 32751496 PMCID: PMC7468750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of estrogen are a risk factor for breast cancer. In addition to inducing DNA damage, estrogens can enhance cell proliferation as well as modulate fatty acid metabolism that collectively contributes to mammary tumorigenesis. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from broccoli that is currently under evaluation in multiple clinical trials for prevention of several diseases, including cancer. Previous studies showed that SFN suppressed DNA damage and lipogenesis pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that administering SFN to animals that are co-exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) would prevent mammary tumor formation. In our study, 4-6 week old female August Copenhagen Irish rats were implanted with slow-release E2 pellets (3 mg x 3 times) and gavaged 3x/week with either vehicle or 100 μmol/kg SFN for 56 weeks. SFN-treated rats were protected significantly against mammary tumor formation compared to vehicle controls. Mammary glands of SFN-treated rats showed decreased DNA damage while serum free fatty acids and triglyceride species were 1.5 to 2-fold lower in SFN-treated rats. Further characterization also showed that SFN diminished expression of enzymes involved in mammary gland lipogenesis. This study indicated that SFN protects against breast cancer development through multiple potential mechanisms in a clinically relevant hormonal carcinogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L. Palliyaguru
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Cypress, CA 90630, USA
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
| | - John J. Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Yong Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
- Magee Women’s Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.Y.); (D.V.C.); (S.G.W.); (M.F.); (J.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.O.); (T.W.K.)
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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114
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Ghosh T, Richardson M, Gordon PM, Ryder JR, Spector LG, Turcotte LM. Body mass index associated with childhood and adolescent high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: A Children's Oncology Group report. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6825-6835. [PMID: 32706183 PMCID: PMC7520304 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for many adulthood cancers, but its role in childhood, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancer is unknown. Childhood and AYA acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence and obesity prevalence have shown concurrent increases. We sought to identify whether obesity may be a risk factor for childhood and AYA ALL. METHODS Characteristics from individuals with ALL, aged 2-30 years, diagnosed 2004-2017 and treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols with available pre-treatment anthropometric data (N = 4726) were compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey controls (COG AALL17D2). Body mass index (BMI) was defined using standard CDC definitions. Multivariate conditional logistic regression assessed associations between BMI and ALL with additional analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Among cases (72% high-risk (HR) B-ALL, 28% T-ALL), 5% had underweight, 58% normal weight, 17% overweight, and 20% obesity. Underweight (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.56-2.85) and obesity (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.53) were associated with B-ALL diagnosis. Specifically, obesity was associated with B-ALL among males (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30-1.91) and Hispanic children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.39-2.29). Obesity was also associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment obesity is associated with HR B-ALL among males and Hispanics, as well as with CNS involvement, suggesting common physiology between obesity and leukemogenesis. An association between underweight and ALL was confirmed, likely due to cancer-associated wasting. These results have important public health implications for obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taumoha Ghosh
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaela Richardson
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter M Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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115
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Ghanbari F, Mader S, Philip A. Cholesterol as an Endogenous Ligand of ERRα Promotes ERRα-Mediated Cellular Proliferation and Metabolic Target Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32717915 PMCID: PMC7463712 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Increased risk of breast cancer has been associated with high dietary cholesterol intake. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. The nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), plays an important role in breast cancer cell metabolism, and its overexpression has been linked to poor survival. Here we identified cholesterol as an endogenous ligand of ERRα by purification from human pregnancy serum using a GST-ERRα affinity column and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We show that cholesterol interacts with ERRα and induces its transcriptional activity in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In addition, we show that cholesterol enhances ERRα-PGC-1α interaction, induces ERRα expression itself, augments several metabolic target genes of ERRα, and increases cell proliferation and migration in both ER+ and TNBC cells. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of cholesterol on metabolic gene expression, cell proliferation, and migration requires the ERRα pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the increased breast cancer risk associated with high dietary cholesterol and possibly the pro-survival effect of statins in breast cancer patients, highlighting the clinical relevance of lowering cholesterol levels in breast cancer patients overexpressing ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Ghanbari
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 1J7, Canada;
| | - Anie Philip
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
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Chou CA, Chuang SF. Evaluation of the efficacy of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among Taiwanese non-diabetes patients. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1524-1531. [PMID: 32506681 PMCID: PMC7610111 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Obesity and metabolic syndrome are well-known to be associated with multiple chronic diseases. Currently, high-dose liraglutide has been used for weight control in non-diabetic patients. Considering incretin-based therapy is more effective in Asian populations, the effect of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among these non-diabetic groups has not been well evaluated. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose liraglutide in weight control among Taiwan patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2017 to December 2018, 46 non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome were included. They had received low-dose liraglutide at 0.6 or 1.2 mg per day for weight reduction for 12 weeks. After then, changes in bodyweight, waist and metabolic factors were examined. Overt bodyweight reduction was defined as a decrease of >5% within 12 weeks. RESULTS With 12 weeks of medication use, both groups showed statistical weight reduction. Higher doses of liraglutide had better efficacy, and 44.4% of patients in the liraglutide 1.2 mg group reached overt weight reduction, whereas just 32.1% in the 0.6 mg group had achieved this. Young age was found to be a predictor factor for a positive finding (odds ratio 0.941, P = 0.037). Early responders with decreased bodyweight of >4.2% within the first 4 weeks indicated a better chance to achieve measurable weight reduction. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose liraglutide still has high efficacy in weight reduction in Taiwanese people, especially for those of younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Weight and Health Management Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chuang
- Weight and Health Management Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Novel Body Composition Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Angiosarcoma of the Breast: A Preliminary Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:605-609. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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118
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Kido LA, Hahm ER, Kim SH, Baseggio AM, Cagnon VHA, Singh SV, Maróstica MR. Prevention of Prostate Cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Mice by Yellow Passion Fruit Extract and Antiproliferative Effects of Its Bioactive Compound Piceatannol. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:87-99. [PMID: 32647650 PMCID: PMC7337005 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol (PIC), a polyphenol presents in many vegetables and fruits including yellow passion fruit extract (PFE; Passiflora edulis), has anti-cancer activity, but its molecular targets are still poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanistic actions of PIC in prostate cancer cell lines and to test if the extract from PFE rich in PIC can affect the growth of prostate cancer cells in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model. The PC-3, 22Rv1, LNCaP, and VCaP prostate cancer cells were exposed to PIC (10-40 μM), and cell viability, lactate measurement, Western blot, and flow cytometric analyses were performed. For an in vivo experiments, eight-week-old TRAMP mice (n = 10 per group each) received an aqueous extract of PFE containing 20 mg of PIC/kg or water (control group) by gavage for 4 or 10 weeks for further analyses. PIC treatment concentration- and time-dependently reduced viability of all cell lines tested. 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells treated with PIC did not exhibit any significant alteration in the intracellular accumulation of lactate. PIC treatment caused G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. PIC-treated cells exhibited altered protein levels of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4). The short and long-term PFE treatments also affected p21, cyclin D1 and cdk4 and delayed disease progression in TRAMP, with a decreased incidence of preneoplastic lesions. In conclusion, PIC apparently does not alter glucose metabolism in prostate cancer cells, while cell cycle arrest and p53 modulation are likely important in anti-cancer effects of PIC alone or as a food matrix byproduct in prostate cancer cells, especially those with an androgen-dependent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, PA, USA
| | - Andressa Mara Baseggio
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Frey S, Blanchard C, Caillard C, Drui D, Hamy A, Trésallet C, Mirallié É. Thyroid surgery in obese patients: A review of the literature. J Visc Surg 2020; 157:401-409. [PMID: 32591245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity in the general population has tripled in the past four decades. The number of bariatric surgeries performed annually has quadrupled in the past ten years due to this obesity epidemic. Concomitantly, the number of patients who are obese or who have undergone bariatric surgery and have become candidates for thyroid surgery has also increased considerably. Among patients undergoing thyroidectomy in the French population, the proportion of obese patients currently represents 10 to 20%. In addition, the frequency of benign and malignant thyroid pathologies seems to be increased by obesity, with a Hazard Ratio of around 1.8 for thyroid cancers in obese women. While obesity does not seem to influence the specific post-operative morbidity of thyroidectomy, a history of malabsorptive bariatric surgery should encourage the greatest caution in patients who need to undergo thyroid surgery since it is associated with a significant risk of severe hypocalcemia (>60% in some studies) requiring intravenous calcium supplementation in about 20% of cases. In the latter situation, peri-operative vitamin D-calcium supplementation is essential. In addition, the replacement dose of Levothyroxine (T4) intended for replacement must also be adapted in obese patients, calculated not from the actual weight but from the ideal weight. The objective of this review is to discuss the influence of obesity on the evolution of nodular and neoplastic thyroid pathologies, on the morbidity of thyroid surgery as well as on post-operative drug treatments. The impact of bariatric surgery on these different aspects is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frey
- Chirurgie Cancérologique, Digestive et Endocrinienne, Institut des maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, quai de Tourville, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Blanchard
- Chirurgie Cancérologique, Digestive et Endocrinienne, Institut des maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, quai de Tourville, 44000 Nantes, France; L'institut du thorax, inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Caillard
- Chirurgie Cancérologique, Digestive et Endocrinienne, Institut des maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - D Drui
- L'institut du thorax, inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France; Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - A Hamy
- Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France
| | - C Trésallet
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Bariatrique et Endocrinienne. Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis. Avicenne Hospital, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - É Mirallié
- Chirurgie Cancérologique, Digestive et Endocrinienne, Institut des maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, quai de Tourville, 44000 Nantes, France.
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Tsui ST, Yang J, Zhang X, Docimo S, Spaniolas K, Talamini MA, Sasson AR, Pryor AD. Development of cancer after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1586-1595. [PMID: 32737010 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bariatric surgery has been associated with a reduction in risk of obesity-related cancer, data on the effect of bariatric interventions on other cancers are limited. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the relationship between bariatric interventions and the incidence of various cancers after bariatric surgery. SETTING Administrative statewide database. METHODS The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was used to identify all adult patients diagnosed with obesity between 2006 and 2012 and patients who underwent bariatric procedures without preexisting cancer diagnosis and alcohol or tobacco use. Subsequent cancer diagnoses were captured up to 2016. Multivariable proportional subdistribution hazard regression analysis was performed to compare the risk of having cancer among obese patients with and without bariatric interventions. RESULTS We identified 71,000 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 323,197 patients without a bariatric intervention. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery were less likely to develop both obesity-related cancer (hazard ratio.91; 95% confidence interval, .85-.98; P = .013) and other cancers (hazard ratio .81; 95% confidence interval, .74-.89; P < .0001). Patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had a lower risk of developing cancers that are considered nonobesity related (hazard ratio .59; 95% confidence interval, .42-.83; P = .0029) compared with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancers. More significantly, we demonstrated the relationship between bariatric surgery and the reduction of the risk of some previously designated nonobesity-related cancers, as well. Reclassification of nonobesity-related cancers and expansion of bariatric indications for reducing the risk of cancer may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T Tsui
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Salvatore Docimo
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Konstantinos Spaniolas
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mark A Talamini
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Aaron R Sasson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Aurora D Pryor
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
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121
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Zahiri Z, Zahiri F. A Study of Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Polymorphism in the Men Afflicted with Prostate Cancer and in the Men being Suspicious of Prostate Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1551-1557. [PMID: 32592348 PMCID: PMC7568888 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among men throughout the world. In addition, it is the second cause of death after lung cancer. Occurrence of the prostate cancer is variable in various regions of the world. Solely, there are three known risk factors for the prostate cancer, including: Age, inheritance and ethnic origin. ELAC2 protein is a phosphodiesterase enzyme encoded by ELAC2 gene in human. This gene is placed on chromosome 17, and it is believed that product of the mentioned gene is an endonuclease contributed in puberty of mitochondrion’s tRNA. From clinical viewpoint, variables of ELAC2 gene such as Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Missense mutations which are accompanied by hereditary prostate cancer (HPC2).Objective of this study is to investigate Ser217Leu (rs4792311) and Ala541Thr (rs5030739) polymorphisms in the individuals with prostate cancer or those who are suspicious of prostate cancer with family past record/history. Study method: In this study conducted by case-control method in 2018, 102 men with prostate cancer and 98 men being suspicious of prostate cancer out of 10 families referred to shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon county to study and check were investigated. After collection of data using questionnaire, sampling from individuals and performance of the rest steps, study of polymorphism was carried out by PCR sequencing technique, and the results were analyzed by Chromas software. Finding: Of the total studied 102 individuals, 44 individuals (43.1%) were homozygote for Ser217Leu mutation, 36 individuals (35.2%) were heterozygote and 22 individuals (21.5%) lacked Missense mutation. for Ala541Thr mutation, 18 ones (17.6%) were heterozygote and 84 ones (82.3%) lacked Missense mutation. For Ser217Leu mutation, out of 98 suspicious individuals, 21 individuals (21.4%) were homozygote. 6 individuals (6.1%) were heterozygote and 71 individuals (72.4%) lacked the mutation. For Ala541Thr mutation, 15 ones (15.3%) were homozygote and 84 ones (84.6%) lacked the studied mutation. Conclusion: Results of this research showed that, in the individuals with the prostate cancer, there is a relationship between Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphism of ELAC2 gene and/with prostate cancer, and the suspicious individuals gotten involved in the mutation must take action to prevent this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zahiri
- Department of Genetics scholar Biology sciences Islamic Azad university of Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zahiri
- Department of Genetics scholar Biology sciences Islamic Azad university of Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
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122
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Kioh SH, Mat S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ibrahim F, Mokhtar MS, Hairi NN, Cumming RG, Myint PK, Tan MP. Does Lower Lean Body Mass Mediate the Relationship Between Falls and Higher Body Mass Index in Asian Older Persons? J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:426-433. [PMID: 31756717 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current evidence on the relationship between a higher body mass index (BMI) and falls in older adults is conflicting. This study, therefore, evaluated the relationship between BMI and falls and explored underlying mechanisms for this relationship. Data from 1,340 individuals from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research study, obtained through home-based computer-assisted interviews and followed by hospital-based health checks, were utilized. A history of the presence of falls in the previous 12 months was obtained. The presence of at least one fall in the past 12 months was associated with a higher BMI (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.06]). The relationship between a higher BMI and falls was, however, attenuated by a lower percentage of lean body mass, which accounted for 69% of the total effect of BMI on the risk of falls. Future studies should now investigate this aforementioned relationship prospectively.
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123
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Ma Z, Lou S, Jiang Z. PHLDA2 regulates EMT and autophagy in colorectal cancer via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7985-8000. [PMID: 32385195 PMCID: PMC7244065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High levels of the imprinted gene pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) correlate with tumor progression in several malignancies. Here, we investigated the effects of PHDLDA2 expression in CRC through assays of cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. We also screened for possible mechanisms of action. Our results show that PHLDA2 was upregulated in CRC tissues. Knockdown of PHLDA2 inhibited cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Knockout of PHLDA2 promoted cellular apoptosis, in part by activating autophagy. PHLDA2 knockout also inhibited tumorigenesis and expression of KI67 protein in vivo. The effects of PHLDA2 on autophagy and EMT were mediated in part via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of PHLDA2 inhibits tumor growth and PI3K, thereby promoting autophagy and inhibiting EMT, in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Lou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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124
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Harris MA, MacLeod J, Kim J, Pahwa M, Tjepkema M, Peters P, Demers PA. Use of a Canadian Population-Based Surveillance Cohort to Test Relationships Between Shift Work and Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 64:387-401. [PMID: 32144413 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shift work with circadian disruption is a suspected human carcinogen. Additional population-representative human studies are needed and large population-based linkage cohorts have been explored as an option for surveillance shift work and cancer risk. This study uses a surveillance linkage cohort and job-exposure matrix to test relationships. METHODS We estimated associations between shift work and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer using the population-based Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC), linking the 1991 Canadian census to national cancer registry and mortality databases. Prevalence estimates from population labour survey data were used to estimate and assign probability of night, rotating, or evening shifts by occupation and industry. Cohort members were assigned to high (>50%), medium (>25 to 50%), low (>5 to 25%), or no (<5%) probability of exposure categories. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to estimate associations between shift work exposure and incidence of prostate cancer in men and ovarian and breast cancer in women. RESULTS The cohort included 1 098 935 men and 939 520 women. Hazard ratios (HRs) indicated null or inverse relationships comparing high probability to no exposure for prostate cancer: HR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.02; breast cancer: HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99; and ovarian cancer: HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.87-1.13. CONCLUSIONS This study showed inverse and null associations between shift work exposure and incidence of prostate, breast, or ovarian cancer. However, we explore limitations of a surveillance cohort, including a possible healthy worker survivor effect and the possibility that this relationship may require the nuanced exposure detail in primary collection studies to be measurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anne Harris
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kim
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manisha Pahwa
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul Peters
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
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125
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Hvid H, Glendorf T, Brandt J, Slaaby R, Lützen A, Kristensen K, Hansen BF. Increased insulin receptor binding and increased IGF-1 receptor binding are linked with increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7247. [PMID: 32350367 PMCID: PMC7190841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin analogue X10 has a higher mitogenic potency than native human insulin in vitro and supra-pharmacological doses of insulin X10 increased the incidence of mammary tumours in rats. Compared to native human insulin, insulin X10 has increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor and the IGF-1 receptor, but it is not known whether either or both characteristics are important for stimulation of cell proliferation in vivo. The aim of this study was to explore how increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor contributes to stimulation of cell proliferation in vivo. A mouse xenograft model was established with rat L6 myoblast cells transfected with the human insulin receptor (L6hIR cells) and effects of supra-pharmacological doses of native human insulin, insulin X10 or novel insulin analogues with increased binding affinity to either the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor were examined. Treatment with insulin X10 and insulin analogues with increased binding affinity to either the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts significantly compared to native human insulin. Thus, increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor and the IGF-1 receptor are each independently linked to increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hvid
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tine Glendorf
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Brandt
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita Slaaby
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Lützen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Kristensen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo F Hansen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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126
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Lupo F, Piro G, Torroni L, Delfino P, Trovato R, Rusev B, Fiore A, Filippini D, De Sanctis F, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Lawlor RT, Martini M, Tortora G, Ugel S, Corbo V, Melisi D, Carbone C. Organoid-Transplant Model Systems to Study the Effects of Obesity on the Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:308. [PMID: 32411709 PMCID: PMC7198708 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality among adults in developed countries. The discovery of the most common genetic alterations as well as the development of organoid models of pancreatic cancer have provided insight into the fundamental pathways driving tumor progression from a normal cell to non-invasive precursor lesion and finally to widely metastatic disease, offering new opportunities for identifying the key driver of cancer evolution. Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Several epidemiological studies have shown the positive association between obesity and cancer-related morbidity/mortality, as well as poorer prognosis and treatment outcome. Despite strong evidence indicates a link between obesity and cancer incidence, the molecular basis of the initiating events remains largely elusive. This is mainly due to the lack of an accurate and reliable model of pancreatic carcinogenesis that mimics human obesity-associated PDAC, making data interpretation difficult and often confusing. Here we propose a feasible and manageable organoid-based preclinical tool to study the effects of obesity on pancreatic carcinogenesis. Therefore, we tracked the effects of obesity on the natural evolution of PDAC in a genetically defined transplantable model of the syngeneic murine pancreatic preneoplastic lesion (mP) and tumor (mT) derived-organoids that recapitulates the progression of human disease from early preinvasive lesions to metastatic disease. Our results suggest that organoid-derived transplant in obese mice represents a suitable system to study early steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis and supports the hypothesis that inflammation induced by obesity stimulates tumor progression and metastatization during pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lupo
- Section of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Torroni
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Delfino
- Section of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dea Filippini
- Section of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Section of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Raffone A, Troisi J, Boccia D, Travaglino A, Capuano G, Insabato L, Mollo A, Guida M, Zullo F. Metabolomics in endometrial cancer diagnosis: A systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:1135-1146. [PMID: 32180221 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. The prognosis of EC strongly depends on tumor stage, hence the importance of improving diagnosis. Metabolomics has recently appeared as a promising test for a non-invasive diagnosis of several diseases. Nevertheless, no metabolic marker has been approved for use in the routine practice. We aimed to provide an overview of metabolomics findings in the diagnosis of EC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was performed by searching eight electronic databases from their inception to October 2019 for studies assessing metabolomics in EC diagnosis. Extracted data included characteristics of patients and EC, serum concentration of metabolites in women with and without EC and its association with EC diagnosis, tumor behavior and pathological characteristics. RESULTS Six studies with 732 women (356 cases and 376 controls) were included. Several metabolites were found able to predict the presence of EC, tumor behavior (progression and recurrence) and pathological characteristics (histotype, myometrial invasion and lymph vascular space invasion). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics might be suitable for a non-invasive diagnosis and screening of EC, offering the possibility to predict tumor behavior and pathological characteristics. Further studies are necessary to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Theoreo srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Dominga Boccia
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanfrancesco Capuano
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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128
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Santoni M, Occhipinti G, Romagnoli E, Miccini F, Scoccia L, Giulietti M, Principato G, Saladino T, Piva F, Battelli N. Different Cardiotoxicity of Palbociclib and Ribociclib in Breast Cancer: Gene Expression and Pharmacological Data Analyses, Biological Basis, and Therapeutic Implications. BioDrugs 2020; 33:613-620. [PMID: 31529317 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women. The recent advent of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors palbociclib and ribociclib has represented a major step forward for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These two agents have showed similar efficacy in terms of breast cancer outcome but different cardiotoxic effects. In particular, ribociclib, but not palbociclib, has been associated with QT interval prolongation, and the mechanisms underlying this event are still unclear. In order to clarify such difference, we matched the candidate genes associated with QT interval prolongation with genes whose expression is altered following palbociclib or ribociclib treatment. We also investigated whether pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, such as IC50 (hERG) [concentration of drug producing 50% inhibition (human ether-à-go-go related gene)] and maximum concentration (Cmax), could justify the different effects on QT interval prolongation. Our results show that ribociclib, but not palbociclib, could act by down-regulating the expression of KCNH2 (encoding for potassium channel hERG) and up-regulating SCN5A and SNTA1 (encoding for sodium channels Nav1.5 and syntrophin-α1, respectively), three genes associated with long QT syndrome. Consistent with the cardiotoxicity induced by ribociclib, its IC50 (hERG)/free concentration (Cmax free) ratio is closer to the safety threshold than that of palbociclib. In summary, we hypothesize that the different cardiotoxicity associated with ribociclib and palbociclib could be due to the alteration of potassium and sodium channels induced by ribociclib. A better comprehension of the mechanisms of cardiac channelopathies and drug-induced QT interval prolongation will be fundamental to avoid serious and potentially lethal adverse events and, as a consequence, optimize the management of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | - Giulia Occhipinti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Miccini
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Principato
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Saladino
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
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Liu L, Jin R, Hao J, Zeng J, Yin D, Yi Y, Zhu M, Mandal A, Hua Y, Ng CK, Egilmez NK, Sauter ER, Li B. Consumption of the Fish Oil High-Fat Diet Uncouples Obesity and Mammary Tumor Growth through Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species in Protumor Macrophages. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2564-2574. [PMID: 32213543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of many types of cancer and can be induced by various high-fat diets (HFD) from different fat sources. It remains unknown whether fatty acid composition in different HFD influences obesity-associated tumor development. Here we report that consumption of either a cocoa butter or fish oil HFD induced similar obesity in mouse models. While obesity induced by the cocoa butter HFD was associated with accelerated mammary tumor growth, consumption of the fish oil HFD uncoupled obesity from increased mammary tumor growth and exhibited a decrease in protumor macrophages. Compared with fatty acid (FA) components in both HFDs, n-3 FA rich in the fish oil HFD induced significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophage death. Moreover, A-FABP expression in the protumor macrophages facilitated intracellular transportation of n-3 FA and oxidation of mitochondrial FA. A-FABP deficiency diminished n-3 FA-mediated ROS production and macrophage death in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which n-3 FA induce ROS-mediated protumor macrophage death in an A-FABP-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides mechanistic insight into dietary supplementation with fish oil for breast cancer prevention and advances a new concept that not all HFDs leading to obesity are tumorigenic. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/12/2564/F1.large.jpg.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diet, High-Fat/methods
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fish Oils/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Anita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yuan Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Chin K Ng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Edward R Sauter
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
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130
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Zlatska AV, Vasyliev RG, Gordiienko IM, Rodnichenko AE, Morozova MA, Vulf MA, Zubov DO, Novikova SN, Litvinova LS, Grebennikova TV, Zlatskiy IA, Syroeshkin AV. Effect of the deuterium on efficiency and type of adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5217. [PMID: 32251307 PMCID: PMC7089999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed an adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro with different deuterium content (natural, low and high) in the culture medium during differentiation process with parallel analysis of the gene expression, metabolic activity and cell viability/toxicity. After ADSCs differentiation into adipocytes we have done the analysis of differentiation process efficiency and determined a type of resulting adipocytes (by morphology, gene expression, UCP1 protein detection and adipokine production analysis). We have found that high (5 × 105 ppm) deuterium content significantly inhibit in vitro adipogenic differentiation of human ADSCs compared to the groups with natural (150 ppm) and low (30 ppm) deuterium content. Importantly, protocol of differentiation used in our study leads to white adipocytes development in groups with natural (control) and high deuterium content, whereas deuterium-depleted differentiation medium leads to brown-like (beige) adipocytes formation. We have also remarked the direct impact of deuterium on the cellular survival and metabolic activity. Interesting, in deuterium depleted-medium, the cells had normal survival rate and high metabolic activity, whereas the inhibitory effect of deuterated medium on ADSCs differentiation at least was partly associated with deuterium cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect on metabolic activity. The inhibitory effect of deuterium on metabolic activity and the subsequent decrease in the effectiveness of adipogenic differentiation is probably associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, deuterium could be considered as an element that affects the substance chirality. These findings may be the basis for the development of new approaches in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes through the regulation of adipose-derived stem cell differentiation and adipocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona V Zlatska
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.,Biotechnology Laboratory ilaya.regeneration, Medical Company ilaya, 9 I. Kramskogo Str., Kyiv, 03115, Ukraine
| | - Roman G Vasyliev
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Inna M Gordiienko
- Biotechnology Laboratory ilaya.regeneration, Medical Company ilaya, 9 I. Kramskogo Str., Kyiv, 03115, Ukraine.,R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Anzhela E Rodnichenko
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Maria A Morozova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Vulf
- Immanuel Kant Baltic federal University (IKBFU), 6 Gaidara St, Kaliningrad, 236001, Russian Federation
| | - Dmytro O Zubov
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana N Novikova
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Larisa S Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic federal University (IKBFU), 6 Gaidara St, Kaliningrad, 236001, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Grebennikova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.,Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named Gamalei, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Zlatskiy
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine. .,Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton V Syroeshkin
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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131
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Lei Y, Zhou S, Hu Q, Chen X, Gu J. Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) correlates with colon cancer progression and contributes to cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4233. [PMID: 32144313 PMCID: PMC7060312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are characterized by reprogrammed glucose metabolisms to fuel cell growth and proliferation. Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-mediated transcription factor that strongly regulates glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. It has been shown to associate with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. However, how it associates with cancers has not been well understood. In this study, ChREBP expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in colon tissue arrays containing normal colon tissue and cancer tissue at different clinical stages. Tissue mRNA levels of ChREBP were also measured in a cohort of colon cancer patients. We found that ChREBP mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in colon cancer tissue compared to healthy colon (p < 0.001), and their expression was positively correlated to colon malignancy (for mRNA, p = 0.002; for protein p < 0.001). Expression of lipogenic genes (ELOVL6 and SCD1) in colon cancer was also positively associated with colon malignancy (for both genes, p < 0.001). In vitro, ChREBP knockdown with siRNA transfection inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest without changes in apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines (HT29, DLD1 and SW480). Glycolytic and lipogenic pathways were inhibited but the p53 pathway was activated after ChREBP knockdown. Taken together, ChREBP expression is associated with colon malignancy and it might contribute to cell proliferation via promoting anabolic pathways and inhibiting p53. In addition, ChREBP might represent a novel clinical useful biomarker to evaluate the malignancy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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132
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in determining tumour fate. Within that environment, and indeed throughout epithelial tissues, cells experience competition with their neighbours, with those less fit being eliminated by fitter adjacent cells. Herein we discuss evidence suggesting that mutations in cancer cells may be selected for their ability to exploit cell competition to kill neighbouring host cells, thereby facilitating tumour expansion. In some instances, cell competition may help host tissues to defend against cancer, by removing neoplastic and aneuploid cells. Cancer risk factors, such as high-sugar or high-fat diet and inflammation, impact cell competition-based host defences, suggesting that their effect on tumour risk may in part be accounted for by their influence on cell competition. We propose that interventions aimed at modifying the strength and direction of cell competition could induce cancer cell killing and form the basis for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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133
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Mitsuhashi A, Kawasaki Y, Hori M, Fujiwara T, Hanaoka H, Shozu M. Medroxyprogesterone acetate plus metformin for fertility-sparing treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma: trial protocol for a prospective, randomised, open, blinded-endpoint design, dose-response trial (FELICIA trial). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035416. [PMID: 32114477 PMCID: PMC7050341 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progestin therapy is the only fertility-sparing treatment option for patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrial cancer (EC). However, the results of three meta-analyses revealed a high remission rate, as well as an association with a high rate of relapse. We previously conducted a phase II of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) plus metformin as a fertility-sparing treatment for AEH and EC patients, and reported that metformin inhibited disease relapse after remission. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised, open, blinded-endpoint design phase IIb dose response trial was planned to commence in July 2019. The trial aims to identify the appropriate dose of metformin to be combined with MPA therapy for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with AEH and EC. The primary endpoint of the trial is the 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate. The secondary endpoints are RFS rate, the overall rate of response to MPA therapy, the conception rate after treatment, the outcome of pregnancy, toxicity evaluation and changes in insulin resistance and body mass index. A total of 120 patients will be enrolled from 15 Japanese institutions within a 2.5-year period and followed up for at least 3 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Chiba University Hospital and boards at 14 other institutions. The trial will be conducted according to the principles of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards. The trial findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT2031190065).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mitsuhashi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Hori
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadami Fujiwara
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hanaoka
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makio Shozu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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134
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Mitsuhashi A, Shozu M. New therapeutic approaches for the fertility-sparing treatment of endometrial cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:215-222. [PMID: 32017321 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review seeks to describe new fertility-sparing endometrial cancer (EC) treatment strategies that take into consideration the medical and general health background of patients. We particularly focus on the application of metformin, which is a biguanide widely prescribed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fertility-sparing treatment using progestin is considered a standard treatment option for patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and EC who desire to conceive. A previous meta-analysis of fertility-sparing treatments revealed a high remission rate; however, high rates of relapse persisted. Most young patients with AEH and EC who are subjected to fertility-sparing treatment have a background of obesity, insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance complicated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Recently, metformin has been attracting more attention in the field of cancer research. Several in vitro and in vivo reports regarding the efficacy of metformin in EC management have accumulated. Thus far, the efficacy of combining metformin with progestin has been revealed in a single phase II study of medroxyprogesterone acetate in combination with metformin as a fertility-sparing treatment for patients with AEH or EC. In addition to improving the metabolic profile of patients with EC having metabolic disorders, metformin supplementation may improve the long-term oncological outcome of these patients. To date, many clinical trials employing progestin and metformin as a fertility-sparing treatment of AEH and EC are ongoing. In the near future, it is expected that the clinical advantage of metformin progestin combination therapy will be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mitsuhashi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makio Shozu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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135
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Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5625127. [PMID: 31722374 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Lega
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada
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136
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Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
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137
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Chebet JJ, Thomson CA, Kohler LN, Ehiri JE, Luo J, Cheng TYD, Pan K, Chlebowski RT, Nassir R, Sealy-Jefferson S, Manson JE, Saquib N, Bell ML. Association of Diet Quality and Physical Activity on Obesity-Related Cancer Risk and Mortality in Black Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:591-598. [PMID: 31915146 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related cancers disproportionately affect the Black community. We assessed the relationship between diet quality, physical activity, and their combined effect on obesity-related cancer risk and mortality in Black women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS Data from postmenopausal (50-79 years of age) Black women enrolled in WHI clinical trials or observational studies were analyzed. Exposure variables included baseline physical activity [metabolic equivalent of tasks (MET)-hours/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)] and diet quality [Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015]. Outcomes included adjudicated obesity-related cancer incidence and mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between MVPA and HEI-2015 and obesity-related cancer risk and mortality. RESULTS The analytical sample included 9,886 Black women, with a baseline mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.1 kg/m2 (SD = 6.8); mean HEI-2015 score of 63.2 (SD = 11.0, possible range 0 to 100); and mean MVPA of 5.0 (SD = 9.4) MET-hours/week. Over an average of 13 years of follow-up, 950 (9.6%) obesity-related cancer cases were observed, with 313 (32.9%) resulting in death. Physical activity [HR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.30], diet quality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.92-1.08), and their combination (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.29) were not associated with risk for any or site-specific obesity-related cancers. Similarly, these health behaviors had no association with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Diet quality, physical activity and their combined effect, as measured, were not associated with obesity-related cancer risk and mortality in Black women enrolled in WHI. IMPACT Other social, behavioral, and biological factors may contribute to racial disparities observed in obesity-related cancer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy J Chebet
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. .,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - John E Ehiri
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | - Kathy Pan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, Torrance, California
| | | | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi Colleges, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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138
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Haylett WL, Ferris WF. Adipocyte-progenitor cell communication that influences adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:115-128. [PMID: 31352534 PMCID: PMC11104918 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is located in discrete depots that are differentially associated with elevated risk of metabolic complications, with fat accretion in visceral depots being most detrimental to metabolic health. Currently, the regulation of specific adipose depot expansion, by adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia and consequently fat distribution, is not well understood. However, a growing body of evidence from in vitro investigations indicates that mature adipocytes secrete factors that modulate the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). It is therefore plausible that endocrine communication between adipocytes and ADSCs located in different depots influences fat distribution, and may therefore contribute to the adverse health outcomes associated with visceral adiposity. This review will explore the available evidence of paracrine and endocrine crosstalk between mature adipocytes and ADSCs that affects adipogenesis, as a better understanding of the regulatory roles of the extracellular signalling mechanisms within- and between adipose depots may profoundly change the way we view adipose tissue growth in obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lloyd Haylett
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William Frank Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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139
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Kim J, Gosnell JE, Roman SA. Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:17-29. [PMID: 31616074 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is on the rise, and this disease is projected to become the fourth leading type of cancer across the globe. From 1990 to 2013, the global age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased by 20%. This global rise in incidence has been attributed to several factors, including increased detection of early tumours, the elevated prevalence of modifiable individual risk factors (for example, obesity) and increased exposure to environmental risk factors (for example, iodine levels). In this Review, we explore proven and novel hypotheses for how modifiable risk factors and environmental exposures might be driving the worldwide increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Although overscreening and the increased diagnosis of possibly clinically insignificant disease might have a role in certain parts of the world, other areas could be experiencing a true increase in incidence due to elevated exposure risks. In the current era of personalized medicine, national and international registry data should be applied to identify populations who are at increased risk for the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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140
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Halenova T, Zlatskiy I, Syroeshkin A, Maximova T, Pleteneva T. Deuterium-Depleted Water as Adjuvant Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Molecules 2019; 25:E23. [PMID: 31861678 PMCID: PMC6982901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the potential application of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of obesity in rats. We tested the hypothesis that DDW can alleviate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its associated metabolic impairments. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an increased body weight index (BWI), glucose concentration, and level of certain proinflammatory cytokines; decreased levels of insulin in the serum; decreased tryptophan and serotonin in the brain, and a decreased concentration of some heavy metals in the liver. Drinking DDW at a concentration of 10 ppm deuterium/protium (D/H) ad libitum for 3 weeks restored the BWI, glucose (serum), tryptophan (brain), and serotonin (brain) levels and concentration of Zn in the liver in the DIO animals to those of the controls. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ) and anti-inflammatory TNFα were decreased in DIO rats, while anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) levels remained at the control levels, which is indicative of a pathophysiological syndrome. In contrast, in groups of rats treated with DDW, a significant increase in anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ) was observed. This finding indicates a reduction in systemic inflammation in obese animals treated with DDW. Similarly, the high-fat diet caused an increased level of oxidative stress products, which was accompanied by decreased activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase, whereas the administration of DDW decreased the level of oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Halenova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Igor Zlatskiy
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian; (A.S.); (T.M.); (T.P.)
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 67 Vyshgorodska Str., 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Syroeshkin
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian; (A.S.); (T.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Tatiana Maximova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian; (A.S.); (T.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Tatiana Pleteneva
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian; (A.S.); (T.M.); (T.P.)
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141
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Loo LWM, Nishibun K, Welsh L, Makolo T, Chong CD, Pagano I, Yu H, Bantum EO. Using a cultural dance program to increase sustainable physical activity for breast cancer survivors-A pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102197. [PMID: 31780003 PMCID: PMC6905195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that physical activity can reduce the risk of mortality for female breast cancer patients and improve quality of life, reduce weight, and alter circulating biomarker levels. We conducted a pilot trial to determine the feasibility of increasing physical activity through a cultural dance intervention to achieve similar benefits. METHODS Conducted a pilot trial implementing a cultural dance intervention to increase and sustain physical activity for breast cancer survivors, which consisted of a six-month group-based intervention of Hula Dance. Anthropometric measures, fasting blood draws, and self-reported questionnaires to assess physical activity, mood, and quality of life, were completed at baseline, at the end of the 6-month intervention (time point month-6), and at two additional post-intervention time points (month-12 and month-24) to assess sustainability. RESULTS A total of 11 women with a median age of 63 years were enrolled in the intervention trial. Eight of the 11 (73%) completed the trial to month-12 and demonstrated an overall significant increase in weekly moderate exercise. There were no significant changes in intra-individual body mass index (BMI). However, there was a sustained post-intervention reduction in waist circumference and significant changes in circulating biomarker levels. For the self-reported measures, there was a significant increase in vigor/activity (p < 0.001; Profile of Mood States-Short Form). CONCLUSION Our intervention pilot trial demonstrated that a cultural dance program could achieve a sustainable increase in physical activity for breast cancer survivors, with potential to improve quality of life, increase vigor, and decrease levels of circulating cytokines associated with obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenora W M Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States.
| | - Kryslin Nishibun
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Leslie Welsh
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - TeMoana Makolo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Clayton D Chong
- The Queen's Medical Center, Queen's Cancer Center, 1301 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | - Erin O Bantum
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
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142
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Liu R, Kitamura Y, Kitamura T, Sobue T, Sado J, Sugawara Y, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Tsuji I, Ito H, Suzuki T, Katanoda K, Tominaga S. Reproductive and lifestyle factors related to breast cancer among Japanese women: An observational cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18315. [PMID: 31860982 PMCID: PMC6940156 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer among Japanese women is substantially increasing. This study evaluated the effects of reproductive and lifestyle factors with respect to breast cancer overall and separately among pre- and postmenopausal women using data from the Three-Prefecture Cohort Study of Japan.A total of 33,410 women aged 40 to 79 years completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included items about menstrual and reproductive history and other lifestyle factors. The follow-up period was from 1984 to 1992 in Miyagi and 1985 to 2000 in Aichi Prefectures. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounding factors.After 9.8 mean years of follow-up, 287 cases of breast cancer were recorded. In the overall analysis, later menarche (≥16 years) and parity were significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, with HRs of 0.69 (95% CI 0.48-0.99) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.52-0.99), respectively. Further, there was a significant decline in the risk of breast cancer with increasing number of birth among parous women (P for trend = .010). On the contrary, a family history of breast cancer in the mother was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.52-6.84). Analyses based on menopausal status at baseline indicated that height (≥160 cm) and weight (≥65 kg) were significantly associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, with HRs of 1.34 (95% CI 0.72-2.50) and 3.13 (95% CI 1.75-5.60), respectively. Risk associated with BMI significantly differs by menopausal status.Our findings suggest the important role of reproductive factors in the development of breast cancer in Japanese women; however, body mass index (BMI) may have different effects on breast cancer in Japanese women compared with western women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Yuri Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Junya Sado
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Public Health, Sendai
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Center of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Public Health, Sendai
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takaichiro Suzuki
- Center of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Surveillance, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
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Esawy MM, Abdel-Samd KM. The diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum irisin in bladder cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100529. [PMID: 32139156 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt is among the countries with the highest incidence of bladder cancer (BC). Adipokines involved in BC development. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic and prognostic roles of irisin in BC through its function as an adipokine. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 150 subjects; 75 patients newly diagnosed as BC and 75 apparently healthy subjects. Serum irisin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum irisin levels exhibited significantly lower levels in BC patients compared to controls (1.07 [0.51-1.96] and 1.8 [0.5-2.44] µg/mL), respectively (P < 0.001). Serum irisin was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.386, P = 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (r = -0.58, P < 0.0001). Irisin had 74.7% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity at a cutoff point of ≤1.2 µg/mL. Serum irisin levels reduction can predict the BC stages, when adjusted for BMI and serum cholesterol level, serum irisin had an adjusted odds ratio of 14 (P = 0.001). Low serum irisin patients had a higher mortality rate when compared to those with high levels (38.2% vs 5%). CONCLUSION BC patients had significantly lower levels of serum irisin. Serum irisin showed acceptable performance criteria in BC diagnosis. It had a limited role in BC grading but showed a decreasing trend in different BC stages. Serum irisin seems to be an excellent diagnostic and prognostic marker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Esawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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144
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Gao Y, Xie Q, Zhou X, Lin L, Dekkers IA, Lamb HJ. Abdominal visceral adipose tissue is associated with unsuspected pulmonary embolism on routine CT scans in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190526. [PMID: 31595778 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unsuspected pulmonary embolism (UPE) has been increasingly diagnosed as an incidental finding on CT scans for routine staging in cancer patients. Previous studies suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between abdominal adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the occurrence of UPE in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Routine contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal CT scans of 1974 patients were retrospectively assessed for the presence of UPE, of which 58 patients were identified with UPE and 108 non-UPE patients were selected as the non-UPE control group based on several matching criteria. Abdominal adipose tissue was measured by volumes of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the navel level. RESULTS VAT, SAT, indwelling venous catheters, surgery, chemotherapy, and bed rest or immobilization were associated with the occurrence of UPE. Higher VAT volumes were associated with increased risk of UPE (odds ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 3.06; p = 0.003) adjusting body mass index (BMI), bed rest or immobilization, surgery, chemotherapy and smoking, while SAT was not associated with UPE adjusting the same confounders (p = 0.117). No statistical association was found between BMI and UPE (p = 0.102). CONCLUSION Higher VAT rather than SAT is associated with an increased risk of unsuspected pulmonary embolism on routine CT scans in hospitalized gastrointestinal cancer patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our findings indicate that VAT is a stronger risk factor for unsuspected pulmonary embolism than BMI and SAT in hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Arjmand MH, Moradi A, Akbari A, Mehrad-Majd H. Clinical significance of circulating omentin levels in various malignant tumors: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2019; 125:154869. [PMID: 31585311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant circulating level of omentin has been reported in various solid tumors. However, whether decreased or increased levels of omentin contribute in cancer risk is remained controversial in different epidemiological studies. This comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the association between circulating omentin level and human cancer risk. An electronic search of health-related databases, was performed to identify all eligible studies in English, up to July 2019. Combined standard mean difference (SMD) with 95%CI was computed to assess the correlation of omentin levels with human cancer risk in a random effect model. The risk of publication bias was also evaluated using Funnel plot and Egger regression tests. A total of 16 studies with 1106 cases and 3078 healthy controls were included. Pooled SMD analysis based on the cancer type, revealed a strong correlation of omentin level and cancer risk in patients with colorectal (SMD = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.67-2.50, P < 0.001), prostate (SMD = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.15-1.62, P < 0.001), and breast (SMD = -0.78, 95%CI: -1.1, -0.45, P < 0.001) cancers. Elevated circulating omentin levels was also found in cancer patients with BMI ≥ 25 (SMD = 1.33, 95%CI: 0.52-2.15, P = 0.001) indicating a potential role for omentin in development of some obesity-linked cancers. The findings of this meta-analysis indicated a significant association of omentin level with greater risk of colorectal, pancreas, and breast tumors. Circulating omentin level may represent a potential novel biomarker for early detection of colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers especially in overweight/obese subjects. Further prospective well-designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrad-Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Obesity Suppresses Cell-Competition-Mediated Apical Elimination of RasV12-Transformed Cells from Epithelial Tissues. Cell Rep 2019; 23:974-982. [PMID: 29694905 PMCID: PMC6314181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues via cell competition with the surrounding normal epithelial cells. This cancer preventive phenomenon is termed epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). However, it remains largely unknown whether and how EDAC is diminished during carcinogenesis. In this study, using a cell competition mouse model, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. This process involves both lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, aspirin treatment significantly facilitates eradication of transformed cells from the epithelial tissues in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our work demonstrates that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells, providing insights into cell competition and cancer preventive medicine. Sasaki et al. demonstrate using a cell competition mouse model that high-fat diet feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. These results indicate that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells at the initial stage of carcinogenesis.
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147
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Mohanty SS, Mohanty PK. Obesity as potential breast cancer risk factor for postmenopausal women. Genes Dis 2019; 8:117-123. [PMID: 33997158 PMCID: PMC8099684 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second highest prevalent cancer globally after lung cancer with 2.09 million cases during 2018. Adults about 1.9 billion were overweight and over 650 million out of these were obese during 2016. There is a significant relationship between breast cancer risk and obesity. Premature menopause and premenopausal obesity diminish the risk whereas postmenopausal obesity amplifies the risk, because adipose tissue acts as the major reservoir for estrogen biosynthesis after menopause. Lofty estrogen levels in serum along with enhanced peripheral site production of estrogen have been viewed as major reasons of developing breast cancer in overweight postmenopausal women. This review explains body fat as a peripheral site for estrogen biosynthesis, estrogen exposure affecting body fat distribution, and the mechanism of estrogen production from body fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sucharita Mohanty
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Mohanty
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
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148
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Arnold M, Charvat H, Freisling H, Noh H, Adami HO, Soerjomataram I, Weiderpass E. Adult Overweight and Survival from Breast and Colorectal Cancer in Swedish Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1518-1524. [PMID: 31201224 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of overweight duration and intensity during adulthood on the prognosis after a cancer diagnosis remains largely unknown. We investigated this association in Swedish women with breast and colorectal cancer. METHODS A cohort of 47,051 women from the Swedish Lifestyle and Health Study was included, of whom 1,241 developed postmenopausal breast (mean age at diagnosis, 57.5 years) and 259 colorectal (mean age at diagnosis, 59.1 years) cancer. Trajectories of body mass index (BMI) between ages 20 and 50 years were estimated for the full cohort using a quadratic growth model and studied in relation to risk of death from any cause using multivariate Cox regression models among cancer survivors. RESULTS Compared with patients with cancer who were never overweight (BMI < 25) during early adulthood (ages 20-50 years), the risk of early death from breast cancer increased by 3% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05] and from colorectal cancer by 4% (HR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06) for every year lived with overweight. A higher intensity of overweight (i.e., a combination of duration and degree of overweight-a concept comparable to pack-years of cigarette smoking) further increased the risk of dying in this population. Although risks were slightly more pronounced for women diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer, no clear association was found for colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adulthood overweight duration and intensity have a long-lasting influence on breast and colorectal cancer survival. IMPACT Our study highlights the need for effective prevention of overweight and obesity starting at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Director's Office, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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149
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Dunn CG, Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilcox S, Hutto B. Dietary Self-Monitoring Through Calorie Tracking but Not Through a Digital Photography App Is Associated with Significant Weight Loss: The 2SMART Pilot Study—A 6-Month Randomized Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1525-1532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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150
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Mozaffari H, Daneshzad E, Larijani B, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity to anthropometry in healthy women: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2019; 69:110577. [PMID: 31610483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species level is a fundamental component in the pathogenesis of obesity that might be reduced by dietary antioxidants. Measurement of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) is regarded as a new holistic dietary index. Given the limited research on DTAC, the aim of this study was to examine the association of DTAC with obesity-related features in women. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 627 female participants. Data on dietary intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. DTAC was estimated through total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Anthropometric parameters (body mass index and waist circumference), were investigated using standard methods. RESULTS After adjustment for possible covariates, both TRAP and TEAC were significantly positively associated with obesity (TRAP: OR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.63; Ptrend, 0.03; TEAC: OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.63; Ptrend, 0.04). However, there was no association between FRAP and obesity (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.64-1.93; Ptrend, 0.68). Moreover, no relationship was found between different DTAC indices and waist circumference (TRAP: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.70-1.80; Ptrend, 0.60; TEAC: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.64-1.69; Ptrend, 0.87; FRAP: OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.49-1.51; Ptrend, 0.62). CONCLUSION Women with higher DTAC scores had higher risk for obesity. No association was found between DTAC and waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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