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A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Coagulation Profiles and Platelet Parameters of Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Adults at Haik Primary Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:5954536. [PMID: 35795455 PMCID: PMC9252712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5954536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Schistosoma mansoni is an intravascular parasite that interacts with all components of the host blood. Nearly, 10% of S. mansoni-infected patients progress to severe hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis is characterized by periportal fibrosis, obstruction of intrahepatic veins, presinusoidal portal hypertension, and splenomegaly. Thus, this study aimed to compare the basic coagulation profiles and platelet parameters of S. mansoni-infected adults and noninfected individuals as controls at Haik Primary Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Haik Primary Hospital from April to June 2021. The diagnosis and intensity of S. mansoni infection was determined using the Kato–Katz technique. The coagulation profiles and platelet parameters were analyzed using coagulation and hematology analyzers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests were done to check the distribution of continuous variables. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the coagulation profiles and platelet parameters. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was done to assess the correlation between the intensity of infection and coagulation profiles and platelet parameters. In all comparison, a
value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. In this study, a total of 180 study participants (90 S. mansoni-infected adults and 90 controls) were included. Of the total S. mansoni-infected adults, 55.6%, 28.9%, 33, and 15.6% had light, moderate, and heavy intensity of infections, respectively. All S. mansoni-infected study participants had prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). Moreover, about 80% of S. mansoni-infected adults had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Thrombocytopenia was found in 26.7% of the S. mansoni-infected adults. The Mann–Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference in coagulation profiles between S. mansoni-infected adults and healthy controls (
-value ≤0.001). The Kruskal–Wallis H-test showed a significant difference in PT, APTT, and INR between the intensity of infection and healthy controls (
-value <0.05). Conclusion. This study showed a prolonged coagulation time in S. mansoni-infected individuals. Thus, screening of schistosomiasis patients for hemostatic abnormalities and treating the underlying disorder is crucial.
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Sweileh WM. Contribution of researchers in Arab countries to scientific publications on neglected tropical diseases (1971 - 2020). Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:14. [PMID: 35650654 PMCID: PMC9159044 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are endemic in several Arab countries. The purpose of the current study was to assess the contribution of researchers in Arab countries to the knowledge base on NTDs using bibliometric indicators. METHODS Keywords related to all 20 NTDs were obtained from previously published bibliometric studies and were combined with the names of Arab countries listed as country affiliation. the search strategy was implemented in the Scopus database and bibliometric indicators were generated for the study period from 1971 to 2020 RESULTS: The search strategy generated 6542 documents; representing less than 4% of the global research in the field. Scientific research on NTDs from researchers in Arab countries (a) has experienced slow growth; (b) generated a relatively inadequate number of publications over the study period; (c) was disseminated mainly through journals in the field of parasitology or tropical medicine; (d) was contributed by researchers from the 22 Arab countries, but mainly by researchers from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan; (e) has fragmented author networks with weak collaboration between active authors in the field; (f) was characterized by strong cross-country research collaboration with researchers in the US and the UK; (g) has focused on three main diseases, specifically, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and onchocerciasis, and (h) showed less emphasis on soil-transmitted helminthiasis infections despite high prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Arab countries cannot achieve the 2030 global agenda without control and elimination of prevalent NTDs. Researchers in Arab countries need to establish strong research networks to exchange expertise on all NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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103
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Chen B, Shin S, Wu M, Liu Z. Visualizing the Knowledge Domain in Health Education: A Scientometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6440. [PMID: 35682025 PMCID: PMC9180308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to visualize the evidence in the global research on health education to better improve the nation's health literacy and to guide future research. METHOD We searched the Web of Science (Core Collection) electronic databases. The search strategies: topic: ("Health Education" OR "Education, Health" OR "Community Health Education" OR "Education, Community Health" OR "Health Education, Community") AND document: (Article) AND language:(English). Articles of evidence from January 2011 to December 2021 with those words in the title or abstract or keywords will be included in this review. We used the Citespace 5.6.R5 (64-bit) to investigate and determine the thematic patterns, and emerging trends of the knowledge domain, and presented a narrative account of the findings. RESULT We analyzed 10,273 eligible articles. It showed that BMC Public Health displays the most prolific journals. Author MARCO PAHOR is highlighted in health education. The University of Sydney has published the most studies about health education. The USA plays an important role in these studies. Specifically, the visualization shows several hotspots: disease prevalence surveys and a specific population of knowledge, attitude and practice surveys, health intervention, chronic and non-communicable management, youth-health action, sexual and reproductive health, and physical activity promotion. Furthermore, document co-citation analysis indicated that there are 10 main clusters, which means the research front in health education. Meanwhile, by the citation detected, COVID-19, has achieved universal health coverage in related studies, however, public health education and the health workforce might be more popular in the coming years. CONCLUSION Health education is an effective measure to shift the concept of public health and improve healthy living standards. The present study facilitates an extensive understanding of the basic knowledge and research frontiers that are pivotal for the developmental process of health education and allows scholars to visualize the identification modes and tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Sohee Shin
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Ming Wu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhihui Liu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.W.); (Z.L.)
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104
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Wang X, Juma S, Li W, Suleman M, Muhsin MA, He J, He M, Xu D, Zhang J, Bergquist R, Yang K. Potential risk of colonization of Bulinus globosus in the mainland of China under climate change. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:52. [PMID: 35562755 PMCID: PMC9103089 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bulinus globosus, the main intermediate snail host of Schistosoma haematobium. The increased contacts between Africa and China could even lead to large-scale dissemination of B. globosus in China. Temperature is the key factor affecting fresh-water snail transmission. This study predicted potential risk of colonization of B. globosus in the mainland of China under climate change. Methods We investigated minimum and maximum temperatures for B. globosus eggs, juveniles and adult snails kept under laboratory conditions to find the most suitable range by pinpointing the median effective temperatures (ET50). We also assessed the influence of temperature on spawning and estimated the accumulated temperature (AT). The average air temperatures between 1955 and 2019 in January and July, the coldest and hottest months in China, respectively, were collected from national meteorological monitoring stations and investigated in a geographic information system (GIS) using empirical Bayesian Kriging to evaluate the theoretical possibility for distribution of B. globosus in southern China based on temperature. Results The effective minimum temperature (ET50min) for eggs, juveniles, adult snails and spawning were 8.5, 7.0, 7.0, 14.9 °C, respectively, with the corresponding maximum values (ET50max) of 36.6, 40.5, 40.2 and 38.1 °C. The AT was calculated at 712.1 ± 64.9 °C·d. In 1955, the potential B. globosus distribution would have had a northern boundary stretching from the coastal areas of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region to southern Yunnan Province. Since then, this line has gradually moved northward. Conclusions Annual regeneration of B. globosus can be supported by the current climate conditions in the mainland of China, and a gradual expansion trend from south to north is shown in the study from 2015 to 2019. Thus, there is a potential risk of colonization of B. globosus in the mainland of China under climate change. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory On Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory On the Molecular Biology of Parasites, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saleh Juma
- Ministry of Health of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 236, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory On Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory On the Molecular Biology of Parasites, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mchanga Suleman
- Ministry of Health of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 236, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Mtumweni Ali Muhsin
- Ministry of Health of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 236, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.,College of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian He
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory On Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory On the Molecular Biology of Parasites, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dacheng Xu
- Jintan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory On Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory On the Molecular Biology of Parasites, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory On Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory On the Molecular Biology of Parasites, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China. .,College of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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105
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Liang S, Ponpetch K, Zhou YB, Guo J, Erko B, Stothard JR, Murad MH, Zhou XN, Satrija F, Webster JP, Remais JV, Utzinger J, Garba A. Diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in non-human animal hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010389. [PMID: 35522699 PMCID: PMC9116658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 19 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animal hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.48) with FEA-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique qPCR are the most promising techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keerati Ponpetch
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health Trang, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Trang, Thailand
| | - Yi-Biao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiagang Guo
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - M. Hassan Murad
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Justin V. Remais
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amadou Garba
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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106
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Rinaldo A, Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology 2.0. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022; 33:245-270. [PMID: 35673327 PMCID: PMC9165276 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims at a definition of the domain of ecohydrology, a relatively new discipline borne out of an intrusion-as advertised by this Topical Collection of the Rendiconti Lincei-of hydrology and geomorphology into ecology (or vice-versa, depending on the reader's background). The study of hydrologic controls on the biota proves, in our view, significantly broader than envisioned by its original focus that was centered on the critical zone where much of the action of soil, climate and vegetation interactions takes place. In this review of related topics and contributions, we propose a reasoned broadening of perspective, in particular by firmly centering ecohydrology on the fluvial catchment as its fundamental control volume. A substantial unity of materials and methods suggests that our advocacy may be considered legitimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rinaldo
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology ENAC/IIE/ECHO, École Polytechinque Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento ICEA, Università degli studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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107
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Oso OG, Sunday JO, Odaibo AB. Models for predicting bulinids species habitats in southwestern Nigeria. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 18:e00256. [PMID: 35712128 PMCID: PMC9194844 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis prevalence is high in southwestern Nigeria and planorbids of the genus Bulinus had been implicated in the transmission of the disease in the area. The knowledge of species distribution in relation to environmental variables will be auspicious in planning control strategies. Methods Satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS) were used to develop models for predicting the habitats suitable for bulinid species. Monthly snail sample collection was done in twenty-three randomly selected water contact sites using the standard method for a period of two years. Remotely sensed variables such as Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were extracted from Landsat TM, ETM+; Slope and Elevation were obtained from digital elevation model (DEM) while Rainfall was retrieved from European Meteorology Research Program. These environmental factors and snail species were integrated into QGIS to predict the potential habitats of different bulinid species using an exploratory regression model. Results The following environmental variables: flat-moderate slope (0.01–15.83), LST (21.1 °C-23.4 °C), NDVI (0.19–0.52), rainfall (> 1569.34 mm) and elevation (1–278 m) contributed to the model used in predicting habitat suitable for bulinids snail intermediate hosts. Exploratory regression models showed that LST, NDVI and slope were predictors of Bulinus globosus and Bulinus jousseaumei; elevation, LST, rainfall and slope were predictors of Bulinus camerunensis; rainfall, NDVI and slope were predictors of B. senegalensis while NDVI and slope were predictors of Bulinus forskalii in the area. Bulinids in the forskalii group showed clustering in middle belt and south. The predictive risk map of B. jousseaumei was similar to the pattern described for B. globosus, but with a high R-square value of 81%. Conclusion The predictive risk models of bulinid species in this study provided a robust output for the study area which could be used as base-line for other areas in that ecological zone. It will be useful in appropriate allocation of scarces resources in the control of schistosomiasis in that environment.
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108
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The Significance of Small Reservoirs in Sustaining Agricultural Landscapes in Dry Areas of West Africa: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a growing challenge in semi-arid and sub-humid areas. There are over 2000 small reservoirs (SRs) with storage capacities of up to 1 × 106 m3 across West Africa’s dry areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we found strong evidence that SRs enable improved food security, livelihoods, and income diversification through fishing and livestock production. However, their productivity is far below their potential. Evidence on water quantity and quality is scattered, making deriving conclusions difficult. Review findings suggest that, unlike large dams, SRs have minimal impact on water balance and rainfall-runoff. There is, therefore, considerable potential to develop more SRs. However, high rates of sedimentation substantially reduce reservoir storage capacity. Poor irrigation management and agronomic practices also contribute to low productivity. Water quality is not systematically monitored, so SRs can increase health risks such as malaria and schistosomiasis. With the intensification of settlements, livestock, and agriculture around the reservoirs, it is critical to improve water quality and quantity monitoring. We conclude that SRs are important nature-based solutions, but need more investment to support the climate-proofing of agriculture and livelihoods. We recommend governments develop long-term small reservoir support programs to strengthen local capacities to manage the reservoirs and their watersheds sustainably.
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109
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Chen R, Wang J, Gradinaru I, Vu HS, Geboers S, Naidoo J, Ready JM, Williams NS, DeBerardinis RJ, Ross EM, Collins JJ. A male-derived nonribosomal peptide pheromone controls female schistosome development. Cell 2022; 185:1506-1520.e17. [PMID: 35385687 PMCID: PMC9058237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes cause morbidity and death throughout the developing world due to the massive numbers of eggs female worms deposit into the blood of their host. Studies dating back to the 1920s show that female schistosomes rely on constant physical contact with a male worm both to become and remain sexually mature; however, the molecular details governing this process remain elusive. Here, we uncover a nonribosomal peptide synthetase that is induced in male worms upon pairing with a female and find that it is essential for the ability of male worms to stimulate female development. We demonstrate that this enzyme generates β-alanyl-tryptamine that is released by paired male worms. Furthermore, synthetic β-alanyl-tryptamine can replace male worms to stimulate female sexual development and egg laying. These data reveal that peptide-based pheromone signaling controls female schistosome sexual maturation, suggesting avenues for therapeutic intervention and uncovering a role for nonribosomal peptides as metazoan signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Irina Gradinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sophie Geboers
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacinth Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elliott M Ross
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Yusuf L, Abdulsamad M. Assessment of Urinary Schistosomiasis Amongst Children Attending Primary Schools in Okengwe, Kogi State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2022.165.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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111
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Luo F, Yang W, Yin M, Mo X, Pang Y, Sun C, Zhu B, Zhang W, Yi C, Li Z, Wang J, Xu B, Feng Z, Huang Y, Lu Y, Hu W. A chromosome-level genome of the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum identifies the genomic basis of host-switching. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110638. [PMID: 35385741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution and adaptation of S. japonicum, a zoonotic parasite that causes human schistosomiasis, remain unclear because of the lack of whole-genome data. We construct a chromosome-level S. japonicum genome and analyze it together with 72 samples representing six populations of the entire endemic region. We observe a Taiwan zoophilic lineage splitting from zoonotic populations ∼45,000 years ago, consistent with the divergent history of their intermediate hosts. Interestingly, we detect a severe population bottleneck in S. japonicum, largely coinciding with human history in Asia during the last glacial maximum. We identify several genomic regions underlying natural selection, including GATAD2A and Lmln, both showing remarkable differentiation among different areas. RNAi knockdown suggests association of GATAD2A with parasite development and infection in definitive hosts, while Lmln relates to the specificity of the intermediate hosts. Our study provides insights into the evolution of S. japonicum and serves as a resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbo Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengsong Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkuan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun Yi
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidan Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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112
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Sinkala E, Ahmed HY, Sibomana JP, Lee MH, Kassa B, Kumar R, Mazimba S, Binegdie AB, Mpisa S, Wamundila K, Graham BB, Hilton JF. Rationale and design of a screening study to detect schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension in Ethiopia and Zambia. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12072. [PMID: 35514775 PMCID: PMC9063961 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) worldwide, but the prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis-associated PAH (SchPAH) development are not well understood. Schistosomiasis-associated hepatosplenic disease (SchHSD) is thought to be a major risk factor for PAH development. Herein, we describe our plans for prospectively screening SchHSD subjects for clinical evidence of PAH at two major academic medical centers and national referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Lusaka, Zambia. The screening study will primarily be conducted by echocardiography, in addition to clinical assessments. Plasma samples will be drawn and banked for subsequent analysis based on preclinical animal model rationale. If successful, this study will demonstrate feasibility of conducting prospective cohort studies of SchPAH screening in schistosomiasis-endemic regions of Africa, and provide initial data on clinic-based disease prevalence and potential mechanistic biomarkers underlying disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edford Sinkala
- Hepatology Clinic, Department of MedicineUniversity of Zambia Teaching HospitalLusakaZambia
| | - Hanan Yusuf Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Addis AbabaAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Jean Pierre Sibomana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Addis AbabaAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Department of Medicine, Butare University Teaching HospitalUniversity of RwandaButareRwanda
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Biruk Kassa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sula Mazimba
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Amsalu B. Binegdie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Addis AbabaAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Sydney Mpisa
- Hepatology Clinic, Department of MedicineUniversity of Zambia Teaching HospitalLusakaZambia
| | - Kawana Wamundila
- Hepatology Clinic, Department of MedicineUniversity of Zambia Teaching HospitalLusakaZambia
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joan F. Hilton
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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113
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Mushi V, Zacharia A, Shao M, Mubi M, Tarimo D. Prevalence and risk factors of urogenital schistosomiasis among under-fives in Mtama District in the Lindi region of Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010381. [PMID: 35442997 PMCID: PMC9060350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the ongoing intervention for schistosomiasis control among school-age children in the Lindi region of Tanzania, urogenital schistosomiasis continues to be a public health problem, presumably because other at-risk populations are not covered in praziquantel deworming campaigns. Evidence shows that under-fives become infected in their early life hence the need to understand the disease profile and the risk factors for exposure to infection so as to plan effective control strategies in this group. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of urogenital schistosomiasis among under-fives in the Mtama district, Lindi region of Tanzania. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A quantitative community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 770 participants (385 under-fives and their 385 parents/guardians) in the Mtama district to investigate the burden and the risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection. A single urine specimen was collected from the under-fives and tested for macro and microhaematuria, presence of S. haematobium ova, and intensity of infection. A structured questionnaire gathered on risk factors for S. haematobium exposure in under-fives from their parents/guardians. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Prevalence of S. haematobium ova was 16.9%, and that of macro and microhaematuria was 6% and 17.9%, respectively. Of the 65 positive under-fives, 49 (75.4%) 95% CI 65.4-86.3 had a light infection intensity, and 16 (24.6%) 95% CI 13.7-35.5 had a heavy infection intensity. Among the assessed risk factors, the parents/guardians habit of visiting water bodies for domestic routines (AOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74), especially the river (AOR: 6.00, 95% CI: 1.20-35.12), was found to be a significant risk factor for infection of S. haematobium in under-fives. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE A moderate prevalence of S. haematobium was found among the under-fives conceivably with adverse health events. The infected under-fives could be a source of continuity for transmission in the community. An intervention that covers this group is necessary and should be complemented with regular screening, health education campaigns, and an adequate supply of safe water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Mushi
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abdallah Zacharia
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Magdalena Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Marycelina Mubi
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Donath Tarimo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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114
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Chieng B, Okoyo C, Simiyu E, Gichuki P, Mwatele C, Kepha S, Njenga S, Mburu D. Comparison of quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Kato-Katz and circulating cathodic antigen rapid test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection: A cross-sectional study in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 1:100029. [PMID: 35284880 PMCID: PMC8906081 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current standard diagnostic tests for Schistosoma mansoni are the Kato-Katz and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) techniques. However, these techniques have been documented to have several limitations that have a direct impact on schistosomiasis control programmes. Therefore, there is a need for more sensitive and specific tests for diagnosing schistosomiasis. This study compared the performance of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Kato-Katz, and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) techniques in the diagnosis of S. mansoni infection in the Mwea irrigation scheme, Kirinyaga County in Central Kenya. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 357 individuals residing in four villages in the Mwea irrigation scheme. The participants provided urine and stool samples which were screened for S. mansoni infections using the three techniques. The prevalence of S. mansoni by each technique was calculated and 95% confidence intervals estimated using binomial regression model. Sensitivity and specificity were determined using 2 × 2 contingency tables and compared using the McNemar’s chi-square test. Positive and negative predictive values were also determined using the weighted generalized score chi-square test for paired data. The study showed that the prevalence of S. mansoni was 32.8%, 62.5% and 72.8% using Kato-Katz, POC-CCA and qPCR techniques, respectively. Further, when using Kato-Katz as a gold standard, POC-CCA sensitivity was 78.6% and specificity was 45.4%, while qPCR sensitivity was 97.4% and specificity was 39.2%. When using qPCR as the gold standard, Kato-Katz sensitivity was 43.8% and specificity was 96.9%, while POC-CCA sensitivity was 78.1% and specificity was 79.4%. Finally, when using the averaged results from the three techniques as the gold standard, the sensitivity was 41.6%, 79.4% and 92.5% for Kato-Katz, POC-CCA and qPCR, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for all techniques. Kato-Katz technique showed low sensitivity compared to the POC-CCA and qPCR despite it being the most commonly preferred method of choice to diagnose S. mansoni infections. qPCR showed superior sensitivity followed by POC-CCA, hence it can be used as an alternative or to confirm the results obtained by the Kato-Katz technique. Comparison of the performance of Kato-Katz, POC-CCA and qPCR for diagnosis of S. mansoni in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. A total of 357 urine and stool samples were tested for S. mansoni infection. qPCR estimated the highest prevalence followed by POC-CCA and Kato-Katz. qPCR showed a generally high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Chieng
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Collins Okoyo
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elses Simiyu
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Gichuki
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cassian Mwatele
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stella Kepha
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sammy Njenga
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO BOX 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Mburu
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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115
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Deep Learning Segmentation of Satellite Imagery Identifies Aquatic Vegetation Associated with Snail Intermediate Hosts of Schistosomiasis in Senegal, Africa. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease of poverty that affects more than 200 million people worldwide, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, and is clearly associated with the construction of dams and water resource management infrastructure in tropical and subtropical areas. Changes to hydrology and salinity linked to water infrastructure development may create conditions favorable to the aquatic vegetation that is suitable habitat for the intermediate snail hosts of schistosome parasites. With thousands of small and large water reservoirs, irrigation canals, and dams developed or under construction in Africa, it is crucial to accurately assess the spatial distribution of high-risk environments that are habitat for freshwater snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in rapidly changing ecosystems. Yet, standard techniques for monitoring snails are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and provide information limited to the small areas that can be manually sampled. Consequently, in low-income countries where schistosomiasis control is most needed, there are formidable challenges to identifying potential transmission hotspots for targeted medical and environmental interventions. In this study, we developed a new framework to map the spatial distribution of suitable snail habitat across large spatial scales in the Senegal River Basin by integrating satellite data, high-definition, low-cost drone imagery, and an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered computer vision technique called semantic segmentation. A deep learning model (U-Net) was built to automatically analyze high-resolution satellite imagery to produce segmentation maps of aquatic vegetation, with a fast and robust generalized prediction that proved more accurate than a more commonly used random forest approach. Accurate and up-to-date knowledge of areas at highest risk for disease transmission can increase the effectiveness of control interventions by targeting habitat of disease-carrying snails. With the deployment of this new framework, local governments or health actors might better target environmental interventions to where and when they are most needed in an integrated effort to reach the goal of schistosomiasis elimination.
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116
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Shah HA, Carrasco LR, Hamlet A, Murray KA. Exploring agricultural land-use and childhood malaria associations in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4124. [PMID: 35260722 PMCID: PMC8904834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in Africa is rapidly expanding but with this comes potential disbenefits for the environment and human health. Here, we retrospectively assess whether childhood malaria in sub-Saharan Africa varies across differing agricultural land uses after controlling for socio-economic and environmental confounders. Using a multi-model inference hierarchical modelling framework, we found that rainfed cropland was associated with increased malaria in rural (OR 1.10, CI 1.03-1.18) but not urban areas, while irrigated or post flooding cropland was associated with malaria in urban (OR 1.09, CI 1.00-1.18) but not rural areas. In contrast, although malaria was associated with complete forest cover (OR 1.35, CI 1.24-1.47), the presence of natural vegetation in agricultural lands potentially reduces the odds of malaria depending on rural-urban context. In contrast, no associations with malaria were observed for natural vegetation interspersed with cropland (veg-dominant mosaic). Agricultural expansion through rainfed or irrigated cropland may increase childhood malaria in rural or urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa but retaining some natural vegetation within croplands could help mitigate this risk and provide environmental co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Anil Shah
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment - Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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117
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Hou N, Piao X, Jiang N, Liu S, Cai P, Liu B, McManus DP, Chen Q. Novel Hepatic Schistosomula Antigens as Promising Targets for Immunodiagnosis and Immunoprotection of Schistosomiasis japonica. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1991-2001. [PMID: 35235942 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigens of migrating schistosomula are promising candidates as schistosomiasis vaccine targets, since immune attack on hepatic schistosomula would interrupt the parasites life cycle and reduce egg burden on the host. Here, we report a collection of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula proteins (SjScP), which are highly expressed in hepatic schistosomula. We found that a number of these SjScPs were highly antigenic and could effectively stimulate humoral immune responses in both human and other mammalian hosts. In particular, SjScP25, SjScP37, SjScP41, SjScP80, SjScP88 showed high potential as biomarkers for schistosomiasis immunodiagnosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization with several of the recombinant SjScPs were able to protect mice from S. japonicum challenge infection, with SjScP25 generating the most protective results. Our work represents a group of novel schistosome immunogens, which may be promsing schistosomiasis japonica diagonosis and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Piao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute for Protein Science and Phage Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
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118
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Yusuf KA, Awoniyi AM, Dada OA, Aremu MB. Religion and gender behavior: understanding the variations in risk to urinary schistosomiasis among farmers. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:12-17. [PMID: 35299907 PMCID: PMC8901919 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic and acute disease that is widely spread among the poor. It is caused by blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma, and transmitted to humans through water related activities by way of skin penetration. While schistosomiasis is rarely fatal, it could impact negatively on the economy and health status of infected individual. We evaluated the prevalence and dissimilarity of schistosomiasis among farmers in a cross sectional study, while grouping the farmers into different categories. Prior to the initiation of the study, we sought permission from the community head (Emir) and properly enlightened the community about the study. Then, we collected and analyzed urine samples from the consenting farmers using sedimentation techniques. The infection rate among participants was 46.3% (56/121), although with varying prevalence across different farming categories. We found no statistical difference among Muslim and Christian farmers even though there was higher infection rate (50.7%) among the Muslim than Christian (40%). Conversely, when classifying farming type by gender, male farmers, especially the male vegetable farmers were significantly different from female farmers of other farming types, while there was no statistical difference in the classification of farming type by religion. Although we found no statistical difference in the primary demographic factors of the participants, however the significant difference recorded in some of the combination of the participants' demographic factors shows that religion and gender might be an underlining factors that are responsible for the prevalence of the infection among the study participants. Therefore, this study will guide the decision makers in appropriately allocating future interventions among the endemic groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-021-01448-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Abel Yusuf
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo Michael Awoniyi
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 1154, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668 - Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-115 Brasil
| | - Olarewaju Adewumi Dada
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mariam Bukola Aremu
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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119
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Shams M, Khazaei S, Ghasemi E, Nazari N, Javanmardi E, Majidiani H, Bahadory S, Anvari D, Fatollahzadeh M, Nemati T, Asghari A. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016-2020). Trop Med Health 2022; 50:12. [PMID: 35093180 PMCID: PMC8800356 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary schistosomiasis is a serious threat in endemic territories of Africa and the Middle East. The status of female urinary schistosomiasis (FUS) in published literature between 2016 and 2020 was investigated. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, based on the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses' checklist, and a meta-analysis using random-effects model to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were done. RESULTS Totally, 113 datasets reported data on 40,531 women from 21 African countries, showing a pooled prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.8-20.5%). Most studies (73) were performed in Nigeria, while highest prevalence was detected in Mozambique 58% (95% CI: 56.9-59.1%) (one study). By sample type and symptoms, vaginal lavage [25.0% (95% CI: 11.4-46.1%)] and hematuria 19.4% (95% CI: 12.2-29.4%) showed higher FUS frequency. Studies using direct microscopy diagnosed a 17.1% (95% CI: 14.5-20.1%) prevalence rate, higher than PCR-based studies 15.3% (95% CI: 6.1-33.2%). Except for sample type, all other variables had significant association with the overall prevalence of FUS. CONCLUSIONS More studies are needed to evaluate the true epidemiology of FUS throughout endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sasan Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezatollah Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Naser Nazari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Erfan Javanmardi
- Clinical Research Development Center, "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fatollahzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Taher Nemati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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120
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Deka MA. Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:15. [PMID: 35202211 PMCID: PMC8876685 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) found throughout tropical and subtropical Africa. In Madagascar, the condition is widespread and endemic in 74% of all administrative districts in the country. Despite the significant burden of the disease, high-resolution risk maps have yet to be produced to guide national control programs. This study used an ecological niche modeling (ENM) and precision mapping approach to estimate environmental suitability and disease transmission risk. The results show that suitability for schistosomiasis is widespread and covers 264,781 km2 (102,232 sq miles). Covariates of significance to the model were the accessibility to cities, distance to water, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), annual mean temperature, land surface temperature (LST), clay content, and annual precipitation. Disease transmission risk is greatest in the central highlands, tropical east coast, arid-southwest, and northwest. An estimated 14.9 million people could be at risk of schistosomiasis; 11.4 million reside in rural areas, while 3.5 million are in urban areas. This study provides valuable insight into the geography of schistosomiasis in Madagascar and its potential risk to human populations. Because of the focal nature of the disease, these maps can inform national surveillance programs while improving understanding of areas in need of medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Deka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Trippler L, Ali MN, Ame SM, Ali SM, Kabole F, Hattendorf J, Knopp S. GPS-based fine-scale mapping surveys for schistosomiasis assessment: a practical introduction and documentation of field implementation. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35033202 PMCID: PMC8761264 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-scale mapping of schistosomiasis to guide micro-targeting of interventions will gain importance in elimination settings, where the heterogeneity of transmission is often pronounced. Novel mobile applications offer new opportunities for disease mapping. We provide a practical introduction and documentation of the strengths and shortcomings of GPS-based household identification and participant recruitment using tablet-based applications for fine-scale schistosomiasis mapping at sub-district level in a remote area in Pemba, Tanzania. METHODS A community-based household survey for urogenital schistosomiasis assessment was conducted from November 2020 until February 2021 in 20 small administrative areas in Pemba. For the survey, 1400 housing structures were prospectively and randomly selected from shapefile data. To identify pre-selected structures and collect survey-related data, field enumerators searched for the houses' geolocation using the mobile applications Open Data Kit (ODK) and MAPS.ME. The number of inhabited and uninhabited structures, the median distance between the pre-selected and recorded locations, and the dropout rates due to non-participation or non-submission of urine samples of sufficient volume for schistosomiasis testing was assessed. RESULTS Among the 1400 randomly selected housing structures, 1396 (99.7%) were identified by the enumerators. The median distance between the pre-selected and recorded structures was 5.4 m. A total of 1098 (78.7%) were residential houses. Among them, 99 (9.0%) were dropped due to continuous absence of residents and 40 (3.6%) households refused to participate. In 797 (83.1%) among the 959 participating households, all eligible household members or all but one provided a urine sample of sufficient volume. CONCLUSIONS The fine-scale mapping approach using a combination of ODK and an offline navigation application installed on tablet computers allows a very precise identification of housing structures. Dropouts due to non-residential housing structures, absence, non-participation and lack of urine need to be considered in survey designs. Our findings can guide the planning and implementation of future household-based mapping or longitudinal surveys and thus support micro-targeting and follow-up of interventions for schistosomiasis control and elimination in remote areas. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISCRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Trippler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Nassor Ali
- Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, P.O. Box 122, Chake-Chake, Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Shaali Makame Ame
- Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, P.O. Box 122, Chake-Chake, Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Said Mohammed Ali
- Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, P.O. Box 122, Chake-Chake, Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Fatma Kabole
- Neglected Diseases Program, Zanzibar Ministry of Health, Social Welfare, Elderly, Gender and Children, P.O. Box 236, Unguja, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Knopp
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bassa FK, Eze IC, Assaré RK, Essé C, Koné S, Acka F, Laubhouet-Koffi V, Kouassi D, Bonfoh B, Utzinger J, N'Goran EK. Prevalence of Schistosoma mono- and co-infections with multiple common parasites and associated risk factors and morbidity profile among adults in the Taabo health and demographic surveillance system, South-Central Côte d'Ivoire. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 34983662 PMCID: PMC8728899 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem, also among adults, and infected individuals not treated serve as a reservoir for continued transmission. Despite this fact, evidence on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in adults in Côte d’Ivoire is scanty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma infection and co-infection with other helminth species and Plasmodium among adults in the Taabo region in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in April and May 2017 in the frame of the “Côte d’Ivoire Dual Burden of Disease Study” (CoDuBu). A total of 901 randomly selected individuals, aged 18–90 years, provided blood, stool and urine samples for the diagnosis of malaria and helminth infections. Stool samples were subjected to the Kato-Katz technique for detection of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminth eggs, while urine samples were examined for eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and circulating cathodic antigen of S. mansoni. Risk factors and morbidity profiles were assessed using health examination and questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions were employed to identify risk factors and morbidity patterns associated with S. mansoni mono- and co-infections. Results The prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium was 23.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Most S. mansoni were mono-infections (81.3%). Independent determinants of S. mansoni infection were young age, low socioeconomic status (mono- and co-infection) and poor hygiene practices (co-infection) (P < 0.05). S. mansoni infection was independently associated with higher pain and symptom scores (mono-infection), poor self-rated health and low healthcare use (co-infection) (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study showed that adults represent a substantial reservoir of S. mansoni. To sustain schistosomiasis control and improve people’s wellbeing, it is important to expand preventive chemotherapy from school-aged children to adults, coupled with hygiene and health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidèle K Bassa
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22, P.O. Box 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Ikenna C Eze
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rufin K Assaré
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22, P.O. Box 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01, P.O. Box 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Clémence Essé
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01, P.O. Box 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.,Institut d'Ethnosociologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01, P.O. Box 34,, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Siaka Koné
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01, P.O. Box 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Félix Acka
- Institut National de Santé Publique, 01, P.O. Box 47, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Véronique Laubhouet-Koffi
- Ligue Ivoirienne Contre l'Hypertension Artérielle et les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, 17, P.O. Box 773, Abidjan 17, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dinard Kouassi
- Institut National de Santé Publique, 01, P.O. Box 47, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01, P.O. Box 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliézer K N'Goran
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22, P.O. Box 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01, P.O. Box 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
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Mekonnen GG, Tedla BA, Pearson MS, Becker L, Field M, Amoah AS, van Dam G, Corstjens PLAM, Mduluza T, Mutapi F, Loukas A, Sotillo J. Characterisation of tetraspanins from Schistosoma haematobium and evaluation of their potential as novel diagnostic markers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010151. [PMID: 35073344 PMCID: PMC8812969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium is the leading cause of urogenital schistosomiasis and it is recognised as a class 1 carcinogen due to the robust association of infection with bladder cancer. In schistosomes, tetraspanins (TSPs) are abundantly present in different parasite proteomes and could be potential diagnostic candidates due to their accessibility to the host immune system. The large extracellular loops of six TSPs from the secretome (including the soluble excretory/secretory products, tegument and extracellular vesicles) of S. haematobium (Sh-TSP-2, Sh-TSP-4, Sh-TSP-5, Sh-TSP-6, Sh-TSP-18 and Sh-TSP-23) were expressed in a bacterial expression system and polyclonal antibodies were raised to the recombinant proteins to confirm the anatomical sites of expression within the parasite. Sh-TSP-2, and Sh-TSP-18 were identified on the tegument, whereas Sh-TSP-4, Sh-TSP-5, Sh-TSP-6 and Sh-TSP-23 were identified both on the tegument and internal tissues of adult parasites. The mRNAs encoding these TSPs were differentially expressed throughout all schistosome developmental stages tested. The potential diagnostic value of three of these Sh-TSPs was assessed using the urine of individuals (stratified by infection intensity) from an endemic area of Zimbabwe. The three Sh-TSPs were the targets of urine IgG responses in all cohorts, including individuals with very low levels of infection (those positive for circulating anodic antigen but negative for eggs by microscopy). This study provides new antigen candidates to immunologically diagnose S. haematobium infection, and the work presented here provides compelling evidence for the use of a biomarker signature to enhance the diagnostic capability of these tetraspanins. Schistosoma haematobium, the leading cause of urogenital schistosomiasis, affects millions of people worldwide. Infection with this parasite is associated with different clinical complications such as squamous cell carcinoma and genital malignancy in women. Despite its importance, there is a lack of sensitive and specific diagnostics that support control and elimination initiatives against this devastating disease. Herein, we have characterised six molecules belonging to the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins, providing details about their relative expression during parasite’s development and their localization in adult forms of S. haematobium. Furthermore, we have characterised the antibody responses against three of these molecules in urine from infected human subjects from an endemic area, providing compelling evidence for the use of these molecules to diagnose urogenital schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebeyaw G. Mekonnen
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bemnet A. Tedla
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Mark S. Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- * E-mail: (MSP); (AL); (JS)
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Matt Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Immunogenomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Abena S. Amoah
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Chilumba, Malawi
| | - Govert van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L. A. M. Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, NIHR Global Health Research Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, NIHR Global Health Research Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- * E-mail: (MSP); (AL); (JS)
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MSP); (AL); (JS)
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Graf A, Konou AA, Meier L, Brattig NW, Utzinger J. More than seven decades of Acta Tropica: Partnership to advance the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106175. [PMID: 34627762 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inaugural issue of Acta Tropica has been published in 1944, at a time of utmost international isolation and uncertainty due to World War II. Now, more than seven decades later, Acta Tropica is a trusted outlet to communicate and disseminate scientific advances in the fields of parasitology and tropical medicine. As a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal, Acta Tropica contributes to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, that is "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all of all ages". This article explores how Acta Tropica has evolved over time. Our analysis is based on a systematic review of keywords derived from all issues published in a specific year, arbitrarily selected at decadal snapshots (1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020). Results indicate a decrease in interdisciplinarity in favour of more specialised expertise in various fields of infectious diseases research and public health with a particular emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. Yet, by examining first and last authors' institutional affiliations and classifying countries by the Human Development Index (HDI), we find that most authors are affiliated with institutions in high- and very high-HDI countries. Over time, the mean number of authors on a paper has increased severalfold (from 1.35 in 1950 to 7.51 in 2020). Taken together, Acta Tropica has become increasingly globally anchored and contributes not only to SDG 3, but increasingly also to SDG 17, that is "Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development".
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Landeryou T, Rabone M, Allan F, Maddren R, Rollinson D, Webster BL, Tchuem-Tchuenté LA, Anderson RM, Emery AM. Genome-wide insights into adaptive hybridisation across the Schistosoma haematobium group in West and Central Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010088. [PMID: 35100291 PMCID: PMC8803156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern across sub-Saharan Africa; current control programmes rely on accurate mapping and high mass drug administration (MDA) coverage to attempt disease elimination. Inter-species hybridisation can occur between certain species, changing epidemiological dynamics within endemic regions, which has the potential to confound control interventions. The impact of hybridisation on disease dynamics is well illustrated in areas of Cameroon where urogenital schistosomiasis, primarily due to Schistosoma haematobium and hybrid infections, now predominate over intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma guineensis. Genetic markers have shown the ability to identify hybrids, however the underlying genomic architecture of divergence and introgression between these species has yet to be established. In this study, restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used on archived adult worms initially identified as; Schistosoma bovis (n = 4), S. haematobium (n = 9), S. guineensis (n = 3) and S. guineensis x S. haematobium hybrids (n = 4) from Mali, Senegal, Niger, São Tomé and Cameroon. Genome-wide evidence supports the existence of S. guineensis and S. haematobium hybrid populations across Cameroon. The hybridisation of S. guineensis x S. haematobium has not been demonstrated on the island of São Tomé, where all samples showed no introgression with S. haematobium. Additionally, all S. haematobium isolates from Nigeria, Mali and Cameroon indicated signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Adaptive loci across the S. haematobium group showed that voltage-gated calcium ion channels (Cav) could play a key role in the ability to increase the survivability of species, particularly in host systems. Where admixture has occurred between S. guineensis and S. haematobium, the excess introgressive influx of tegumental (outer helminth body) and antigenic genes from S. haematobium has increased the adaptive response in hybrids, leading to increased hybrid population fitness and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Landeryou
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muriel Rabone
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Allan
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Maddren
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Rollinson
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie L. Webster
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roy M. Anderson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan M. Emery
- The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Olkeba BK, Boets P, Mereta ST, Mandefro B, Debesa G, Ahmednur M, Ambelu A, Korma W, Goethals PLM. Malacological and Parasitological Surveys on Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes: Implications for Control and Elimination of Snail-Borne Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010142. [PMID: 35010399 PMCID: PMC8750326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the snail-borne diseases responsible for the second-highest burden of diseases among neglected tropical diseases. The use of mass drug administration to the populations most at risk is a backbone of the strategy to prevent and control schistosomiasis transmission. However, it offers no protection against re-infection, and humans are often re-exposed when they return to water bodies where snails release cercariae. Surveys on cercarial infection in snails could provide better insights on human disease risk. Hence, in this study, we investigated cercarial infection in snails and also determined the epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni among fishermen at Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes. Freshwater snails were collected from the shorelines of Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes for examination of cercarial infection during 2020. Environmental data on water quality variables and physical characteristics of snail habitats were collected. Stool samples were collected from fishermen and the Kato-Katz technique was applied for the quantification of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. A malacological survey indicated that six morphologically distinguishable types of cercariae were found in snails. Infected snails with cercaria were more likely present in habitats with high five-day biological oxygen demand and low dissolved oxygen. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among the fishermen at Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes was found to be 21.5%. This indicates that fishermen at Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes are one of the groups of people harboring schistosome cercariae which are potentially responsible for the transmission of schistosomiasis to lakeshore communities who have contact with lake water. Therefore, complementary medical treatment, public health interventions, environmental management and snail reduction are needed to control the transmission of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beekam Kebede Olkeba
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.B.); (P.L.M.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia; (S.T.M.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (W.K.)
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia
| | - Pieter Boets
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.B.); (P.L.M.G.)
- Provincial Centre of Environmental Research, Godshuizenlaan 95, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia; (S.T.M.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Belayhun Mandefro
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla 419, Ethiopia;
| | - Gemechu Debesa
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Mahmud Ahmednur
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia; (S.T.M.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia; (S.T.M.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Wolyu Korma
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia; (S.T.M.); (M.A.); (A.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Peter L. M. Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.B.); (P.L.M.G.)
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Lamolle G, Iriarte A, Musto H. Codon usage in the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni is shaped by the mutational bias towards A+T and translational selection, which increases GC-ending codons in highly expressed genes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111445. [PMID: 34942292 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is a trematode flatworm that parasitizes humans and produces a disease called bilharzia. At the genomic level, it is characterized by a low genomic GC content and an "isochore-like" structure, where GC-richest regions, mainly placed at the extremes of the chromosomes, are interspersed with low GC-regions. Furthermore, the GC-richest regions are at the same time the gene-richest, and where the most heavily expressed genes are placed. Taking these features into account, we decided to reanalyze the codon usage of this flatworm. Our results show that a) when all genes are considered together, the strong mutational bias towards A + T leads to a predominance of A/T-ending codons, b) a multivariate analysis discriminates between highly and lowly expressed genes, c) the sequences expressed at highest levels display a significant increase in G/C-ending codons, d) when comparing the molecular distances with a closely related species the synonymous distance in highly expressed genes is significantly lower than in lowly expressed sequences. Therefore, we conclude that despite previous results, which were performed with a small sample of genes, codon usage in S. mansoni is the result of two forces that operate in opposite directions: while mutational bias leads to a predominance of A/T codons, translational selection, working at the level of speed, increment G/C ending triplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Lamolle
- Unidad de Genómica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida A. Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Héctor Musto
- Unidad de Genómica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Hailegebriel T, Nibret E, Munshea A. Efficacy of Praziquantel for the Treatment of Human Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Trop Med 2021; 2021:2625255. [PMID: 34966433 PMCID: PMC8712180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2625255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases causing a serious human health problem in Ethiopia. Praziquantel is the only drug that has been used for the treatment of human schistosomiasis in the country. In line with this, the efficacy of praziquantel has been evaluated in a few interventional studies in the country, but there is a lack in systematically gathered and analyzed information for policymakers. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a summary of the efficacy of praziquantel for the treatment of human schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a literature search from ScienceDirect, PubMed/Medlin, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 140 articles published in English from 1980 to June 2021 were accessed and 15 of them were eligible for this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14 software, "metan command." The heterogeneities among studies were evaluated using I 2 test. RESULTS A total of 140 articles were reviewed, but only 15 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The polled cure rate of 40 mg/kg praziquantel was 89.2% (95% CI: 85.4-93.1) and 93.6% (95% CI: 80.6-106) among Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively. Similarly, the mean egg reduction rates of 40 mg/kg praziquantel were 90.2% and 85% among S. mansoni and S. haematobium infected subjects, respectively. The common adverse events observed after receiving praziquantel include abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, and bloody stool. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis has indicated that praziquantel is still an appropriate drug for the treatment of human schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Hailegebriel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Duah E, Kenu E, Adela EM, Halm HA, Agoni C, Kumi RO. Assessment of urogenital schistosomiasis among basic school children in selected communities along major rivers in the central region of Ghana. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:96. [PMID: 34909084 PMCID: PMC8607954 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.96.26708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction urogenital schistosomiasis affects school-aged children with impacts on health, growth, and cognitive development. Basic schools along active water bodies have a possibility of a high infection among the children. Methods we performed a school-based cross-sectional assessment of urogenital schistosomiasis among children in four selected rural communities along major rivers in the central region of Ghana. Three hundred and nine (309) basic school children class 1 to junior high school (JHS) 3 were recruited. Sociodemographic data and information on behavioral influences were collected with a structured written questionnaire. Laboratory examinations were conducted on fresh urine samples. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations with measures of association between variables, adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis were performed on measured variables. Results we recorded a 10.4% prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis. Schools in communities along the Kakum river recorded the highest disease burden (65.6%). The odds of infection among pupils who engage in irrigation activities were 4 folds more than those who do not engage in irrigation activities (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95%CI): 4.3 (1.6-12.1), P-value=0.005). Pupils of caregivers who resort to self-medication using local herbal concoctions had 14-fold more odds of infection compared to those who visit the health facility (aOR (95%CI): 14.4 (1.4-143.1), P-value=0.006). Conclusion poor health-seeking behaviors and lack of access to health facilities influenced the disease proportion among the children in these endemic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Duah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Clinical Laboratory, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Dream Laboratory Consult Limited, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Gomes ECDS, Silva IEPD, Nascimento WRCD, Loyo RM, Domingues ALC, Barbosa CS. Urban schistosomiasis: An ecological study describing a new challenge to the control of this neglected tropical disease. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 8:100144. [PMID: 36778731 PMCID: PMC9904042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Social and environmental vulnerabilities contribute to the persistence and increase of Schistosomiasis, which has been a public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. In this study, we aimed to monitor the entry, installation, and maintenance of schistosomiasis transmission in an urban area on the Brazilian coast over two decades (2000-2010/2010-2020). Methods This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Porto de Galinhas, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, to investigate the dynamics of schistosomiasis transmission in the urban area. Through 3 malacological and parasitological surveys and using geoprocessing technologies, schistosomiasis transmission foci (STF), as well as cases of the disease were identified and quantified. Statistical and geoprocessing tools were used to analyse the data. Findings Overall, the number of STF decreased from 15 (2000) to 11 (2010) and then to 9 (2020). Although the infection ratio of snails in 2000 has decreased from 16·1% to 5·8% in 2010, we observed an increase to 7·2% in 2020. Additionally, 6,499 individuals were analysed (2012 in 2000; 2459 in 2010, and 2028 in 2020) and the prevalence of human infection has decreased over years, from 32·5% (2000), 16·6% (2010) to 8·8% (2020). The disorderly urbanization process was directly related to the spatial distribution of STF and schistosomiasis cases, causing a new scenario where people became infected by walking on unpaved and flooded streets. Interpretation Although we observed a decreasing in schistosomiasis cases and STF, this NTD became a health problem related to urbanization in the study area. The challenge to overcome this new sort of transmission will require a greater understanding of the disorderly migration, spatial occupation, and degradation of the environment. Funding National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes
- Schistosomiasis Reference Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz - Ministry of Health, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Corresponding author.
| | - Iris Edna Pereira da Silva
- Schistosomiasis Reference Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz - Ministry of Health, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Wheverton Ricardo Correia do Nascimento
- Schistosomiasis Reference Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz - Ministry of Health, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moraes Loyo
- Schistosomiasis Reference Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz - Ministry of Health, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Constança Simões Barbosa
- Schistosomiasis Reference Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz - Ministry of Health, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Rinaldo D, Perez-Saez J, Vounatsou P, Utzinger J, Arcand JL. The economic impact of schistosomiasis. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:134. [PMID: 34895355 PMCID: PMC8667389 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeoffs between water resources development and public health concerns have yet to be quantified. Schistosomiasis exerts large health, social and financial burdens on infected individuals and households. While irrigation schemes are one of the most important policy responses designed to reduce poverty, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, they facilitate the propagation of schistosomiasis and other diseases. METHODS We estimate the economic impact of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso via its effect on agricultural production. We create an original dataset that combines detailed household and agricultural surveys with high-resolution geo-statistical disease maps. We develop new methods that use the densities of the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis as instrumental variables together with panel, spatial and machine learning techniques. RESULTS We estimate that the elimination of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso would increase average crop yields by around 7%, rising to 32% for high infection clusters. Keeping schistosomiasis unchecked, in turn, would correspond to a loss of gross domestic product of approximately 0.8%. We identify the disease burden as a shock to the agricultural productivity of farmers. The poorest households engaged in subsistence agriculture bear a far heavier disease burden than their wealthier counterparts, experiencing an average yield loss due to schistosomiasis of between 32 and 45%. We show that the returns to water resources development are substantially reduced once its health effects are taken into account: villages in proximity of large-scale dams suffer an average yield loss of around 20%, and this burden decreases as distance between dams and villages increases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rigorous estimation of how schistosomiasis affects agricultural production and how it is both a driver and a consequence of poverty. It further quantifies the tradeoff between the economics of water infrastructures and their impact on public health. Although we focus on Burkina Faso, our approach can be applied to any country in which schistosomiasis is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rinaldo
- Department of Economics and Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), University of Exeter, Exeter, England.
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Arcand
- Department of International Economics, The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland.,Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international (FERDI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Schistosoma mansoni and Associated Factors among Fishermen at Lake Tana, Northwest Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4534689. [PMID: 34888379 PMCID: PMC8651376 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4534689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasites and Schistosoma mansoni infections adversely affect the health of humans in the world especially in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Fishermen who spend most of their time in water bodies are supposed to be at high risk of schistosomiasis and other water-born parasites. However, the magnitude of these parasitic infections and their determinant factors are not well addressed. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lake Tana among 388 fishermen from March to May 2021. Questionnaire data was collected through face to face interview. Stool sample from each participant was processed by the Kato-Katz and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results One hundred sixty four (42.3%) and 88 (22.7%) participants were infected by intestinal parasites and Schistosoma mansoni, respectively. One hundred twenty two (31.4%) and 42 (10.8%) participants were infected by soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa, respectively. Attending only primary school (AOR = 2.02, p = 0.014) or being illiterate (AOR = 2.54, p = 0.004) and not washing hands before meal (AOR = 2.23, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Illiterate educational status (AOR = 2.37, p = 0.022), fishing by bargee (AOR = 2.43, p = 0.005), fishing ≥4 days per week (AOR = 2.27, p = 0.029), swimming habit (AOR = 3.03, p = 0.030), and participation in irrigation (AOR = 3.09, p ≤ 0.001) predispose fishermen to S. mansoni infection. Conclusion Intestinal parasites and S. mansoni infections are highly prevalent among fishermen at Lake Tana basin. Low education level and frequent water contact predispose fishermen for intestinal parasites and S. mansoni. Therefore, health education to fishermen on intestinal parasites and S. mansoni infection and regular deworming should be advocated.
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Sirak B, Asres K, Hailu A, Dube M, Arnold N, Häberli C, Keiser J, Imming P. In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antischistosomal Activities of Anemonin Isolated from the Fresh Leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247473. [PMID: 34946555 PMCID: PMC8703683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) infecting the world’s poorest populations. Effectiveness of the current antileishmanial and antischistosomal therapies are significantly declining, which calls for an urgent need of new effective and safe drugs. In Ethiopia fresh leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk. are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including leishmaniasis and eradication of intestinal worms. In the current study, anemonin isolated from the fresh leaves of R. multifidus was assessed for its in vitro antileishmanial and antischistosomal activities. Anemonin was isolated from the hydro-distilled extract of the leaves of R. multifidus. Antileishmanial activity was assessed on clinical isolates of the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania aethiopica and L. donovani clinical isolates. Resazurin reduction assay was used to determine antipromastigote activity, while macrophages were employed for antiamastigote and cytotoxicity assays. Antischistosomal assays were performed against adult Schistosoma mansoni and newly transformed schistosomules (NTS). Anemonin displayed significant antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 1.33 nM and 1.58 nM against promastigotes and 1.24 nM and 1.91 nM against amastigotes of L. aethiopica and L. donovani, respectively. It also showed moderate activity against adult S. mansoni and NTS (49% activity against adult S. mansoni at 10 µM and 41% activity against NTS at 1 µM). The results obtained in this investigation indicate that anemonin has the potential to be used as a template for designing novel antileishmanial and antischistosomal pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betelhem Sirak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch P.O. Box 21, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (P.I.)
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
| | - Mthandazo Dube
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Cecile Häberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (J.K.)
- University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (J.K.)
- University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut fuer Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (P.I.)
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Haggerty CJE, Halstead NT, Civitello DJ, Rohr JR. Reducing disease and producing food: Effects of 13 agrochemicals on snail biomass and human schistosomes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | | | | | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
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From the One Health Perspective: Schistosomiasis Japonica and Flooding. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121538. [PMID: 34959493 PMCID: PMC8709050 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease distributed worldwide, while schistosomiasis japonica localizes in the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, and a few regions of Indonesia. Although significant achievements have been obtained in these endemic countries, great challenges still exist to reach the elimination of schistosomiasis japonica, as the occurrence of flooding can lead to several adverse consequences on the prevalence of schistosomiasis. This review summarizes the influence of flooding on the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica and interventions responding to the adverse impacts from the One Health perspective in human beings, animals, and the environment. For human and animals, behavioral changes and the damage of water conservancy and sanitary facilities will increase the intensity of water contact. For the environment, the density of Oncomelania snails significantly increases from the third year after flooding, and the snail habitats can be enlarged due to active and passive diffusion. With more water contact of human and other reservoir hosts, and larger snail habitats with higher density of living snails, the transmission risk of schistosomiasis increases under the influence of flooding. With the agenda set for global schistosomiasis elimination, interventions from the One Health perspective are put forward to respond to the impacts of increased flooding. For human beings, conducting health education to increase the consciousness of self-protection, preventive chemotherapy for high-risk populations, supply of safe water, early case finding, timely reporting, and treating cases will protect people from infection and prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis. For animals, culling susceptible domestic animals, herding livestock in snail-free areas, treating livestock with infection or at high risk of infection, harmless treatment of animal feces to avoid water contamination, and monitoring the infection status of wild animals in flooding areas are important to cut off the transmission chain from the resources. For the environment, early warning of flooding, setting up warning signs and killing cercaria in risk areas during and post flooding, reconstructing damaged water conservancy facilities, developing hygiene and sanitary facilities, conducting snail surveys, using molluscicide, and predicting areas with high risk of schistosomiasis transmission after flooding all contribute to reducing the transmission risk of schistosomiasis. These strategies need the cooperation of the ministry of health, meteorological administration, water resources, agriculture, and forestry to achieve the goal of minimizing the impact of flooding on the transmission of schistosomiasis. In conclusion, flooding is one of the important factors affecting the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica. Multi-sectoral cooperation is needed to effectively prevent and control the adverse impacts of flooding on human beings, animals, and the environment.
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Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase: Potential antiparasitic targets for drug development studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116458. [PMID: 34687983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases remain a major public health concern for humans, claiming millions of lives annually. Although different treatments are required for these diseases, drug usage is limited due to the development of resistance and toxicity, which necessitate alternative therapies. It has been shown in the literature that parasitic lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and malate dehydrogenases (MDH) have unique pharmacological selective and specificity properties compared to other isoforms, thus highlighting them as viable therapeutic targets involved in aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic pathways. LDH and MDH are important therapeutic targets for invasive parasites because they play a critical role in the progression and development of parasitic diseases. Any strategy to impede these enzymes would be fatal to the parasites, paving the way to develop and discover novel antiparasitic agents. This review aims to highlight the importance of parasitic LDH and MDH as therapeutic drug targets in selected obligate apicoplast parasites. To the best of our knowledge, this review presents the first comprehensive review of LDH and MDH as potential antiparasitic targets for drug development studies.
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Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium among School-Aged Children: A Cohort Study on Prevalence, Reinfection and Incidence after Mass Drug Administration in the White Nile State of Sudan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111537. [PMID: 34770050 PMCID: PMC8583024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reinfection rate of schistosomiasis after mass drug administration (MDA) has not been documented in Sudan. We aimed to explore the transmission dynamics of urogenital schistosomiasis after MDA, targeting school-aged children in the White Nile State of Sudan, assessing the prevalence, reinfection rate, and incidence. A single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was administered to 1951 students in five primary schools from January to February 2018 immediately after a baseline survey, and follow-up surveys were performed at 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment. We examined Schistosoma haematobium eggs by centrifugation methods. The overall reinfection rate at 6 months after treatment was 9.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.5-17.4%). By school, the reinfection rate was highest in the Al Hidaib school, whose prevalence was highest at baseline. The reinfection rate was significantly higher in high-infection areas than low-infection areas (p = 0.02). Of the prevalence at 6 months in high-infection areas, 41% of cases were due to reinfection. MDA interventions are decided upon and undertaken at the district level. A more targeted treatment strategy should be developed with a particular focus on tracking high-risk groups, even within a school or a community.
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138
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Cai L, Yue P, Ghosh M, Li X. Assessing the impact of agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission: A mathematical study. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease, which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide. The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agrochemicals. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated and analyzed to assess the effect of agrochemicals on the transmission of schistosomiasis. The proposed model incorporates the effects of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on susceptible snails and snail predators along with schistosomiasis disease transmission. The existence and stability of the equilibria in the model are discussed. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters of the proposed model, which contributes most in the transmission of this disease. Numerical simulations are also performed to assess the impact of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on schistosomiasis outbreaks. Our study reveals that the agricultural pollution can enhance the transmission intensity of schistosomiasis, and in order to prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis, the use of pesticides should be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Peixia Yue
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Mini Ghosh
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, India
| | - Xuezhi Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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Pearson MS, Tedla BA, Mekonnen GG, Proietti C, Becker L, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Doolan DL, Amoah AS, Knopp S, Rollinson D, Ali SM, Kabole F, Hokke CH, Adegnika AA, Field MA, van Dam G, Corstjens PLAM, Mduluza T, Mutapi F, Oeuvray C, Greco B, Chaiyadet S, Laha T, Cai P, McManus DP, Bottazzi ME, Felgner PL, Sotillo J, Loukas A. Immunomics-guided discovery of serum and urine antibodies for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis: a biomarker identification study. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e617-e626. [PMID: 34977830 PMCID: PMC8683377 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitive diagnostics are needed for effective management and surveillance of schistosomiasis so that current transmission interruption goals set by WHO can be achieved. We aimed to screen the Schistosoma haematobium secretome to find antibody biomarkers of schistosome infection, validate their diagnostic performance in samples from endemic populations, and evaluate their utility as point of care immunochromatographic tests (POC-ICTs) to diagnose urogenital schistosomiasis in the field. Methods We did a biomarker identification study, in which we constructed a proteome array containing 992 validated and predicted proteins from S haematobium and screened it with serum and urine antibodies from endemic populations in Gabon, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Arrayed antigens that were IgG-reactive and a select group of antigens from the worm extracellular vesicle proteome, predicted to be diagnostically informative, were then evaluated by ELISA using the same samples used to probe arrays, and samples from individuals residing in a low-endemicity setting (ie, Pemba and Unguja islands, Zanzibar, Tanzania). The two most sensitive and specific antigens were incorporated into POC-ICTs to assess their ability to diagnose S haematobium infection from serum in a field-deployable format. Findings From array probing, in individuals who were infected, 208 antigens were the targets of significantly elevated IgG responses in serum and 45 antigens were the targets of significantly elevated IgG responses in urine. Of the five proteins that were validated by ELISA, Sh-TSP-2 (area under the curve [AUC]serum=0·98 [95% CI 0·95–1·00]; AUCurine=0·96 [0·93–0·99]), and MS3_01370 (AUCserum=0·93 [0·89–0·97]; AUCurine=0·81 [0·72–0·89]) displayed the highest overall diagnostic performance in each biofluid and exceeded that of S haematobium-soluble egg antigen in urine (AUC=0·79 [0·69–0·90]). When incorporated into separate POC-ICTs, Sh-TSP-2 showed absolute specificity and a sensitivity of 75% and MS3_01370 showed absolute specificity and a sensitivity of 89%. Interpretation We identified numerous biomarkers of urogenital schistosomiasis that could form the basis of novel antibody diagnostics for this disease. Two of these antigens, Sh-TSP-2 and MS3_01370, could be used as sensitive, specific, and field-deployable diagnostics to support schistosomiasis control and elimination initiatives, with particular focus on post-elimination surveillance. Funding Australian Trade and Investment Commission and Merck Global Health Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Correspondence to: Dr Mark Pearson, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Bemnet A Tedla
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Gebeyaw G Mekonnen
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Proietti
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rie Nakajima
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Al Jasinskas
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Abena S Amoah
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Knopp
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Rollinson
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Said M Ali
- Public Health Laboratory, Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Tanzania
| | - Fatma Kabole
- Neglected Diseases Programme, Ministry of Health, Unguja, Tanzania
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Akim A Adegnika
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matt A Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Govert van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul L A M Corstjens
- Department of Molecular Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, NIHR Global Health Research Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, NIHR Global Health Research Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pengfei Cai
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Prof Alex Loukas, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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Gambo S, Ibrahim M, Oyelami OA, Raymond B. A comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary (formal) and almajiri (informal) school pupils in kura local government area of Kano State, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28:211-217. [PMID: 34708709 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_605_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Urinary schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the world today, particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Chronic infection can affect the genitourinary system. School pupils, particularly the informal Almajiri school pupils are at increased risk of the infection. Study Objectives The objective of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary and Almajiri school pupils in Kura Local Government Area (LGA) aged 5-15 years. We also aim to determine the presence of haematuria and proteinuria among these pupils. Subjects and Methods It was a cross-sectional comparative study involving 200 primary and 200 Almajiri school pupils aged 5-15 years in Kura LGA who met the inclusion criteria. Urine samples were analysed by the dipstick urinalysis and microscopically examined for the egg S. haematobium. Results The Almajiri school pupils had a significantly higher infection (55.5%) than the primary school pupils (43.0%). The infection was predominantly of light intensity in both school types (67%). The overall mean egg intensity was 51.6 ± 35 EPC. The infection was higher among boys and those aged 10 years and above. Majority of the pupils had microhaematuria (88.3%) and and proteinuria (71.1%), which were statistically significantly associated with the infection with P < 0.1 and P < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis is higher among the Almajiri school pupils compared to the primary school pupils. Control programmes should focus on these Almajiri pupils in addition to the primary school pupils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Gambo
- Department of Paediatrics, Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Muutasim Ibrahim
- Department of Paediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano/Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Oyeku A Oyelami
- Department of Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Belonwu Raymond
- Department of Paediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano/Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
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Hailegebriel T, Nibret E, Munshea A, Ameha Z. Prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren around Lake Tana, northwestern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009861. [PMID: 34705817 PMCID: PMC8550401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the widely distributed neglected tropical diseases. It is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is highly prevalent and widely distributed in Ethiopia due to suitable environmental factors and human activities. The prevalence and infection intensity varied from locality to locality in the country. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection and associated risk factors among schoolchildren around Lake Tana. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 710 schoolchildren from February to April 2021 in eight selected primary schools around Lake Tana. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic information and potential risk factors of S. mansoni infection. After collecting socio-demographic information, students were requested to bring about 2grams of stool specimens for parasitological examination. The collected stool samples were processed using a single Kato-Katz and Ritchie's concentration techniques. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and factors with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 34.9% (95% CI: 31.4-38.7) among schoolchildren in the study area. The eggs per gram (EPG) of stool ranged from 24 to 1659 with arithmetic and geometric mean values of 138.1 EPG and 85.1 EPG, respectively. The majority of S. mansoni infections (61.4%) were classified as low infection intensity. Among the different determinant factors being male (AOR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.233-2.457; P-value = 0.002), bathing habits (AOR = 1.494; 95%CI = 1.013-2.199; P-value = 0.043) and students attending at Qunzela primary school (AOR = 10.545; 95%CI = 3.264-34.067; P-value = 0.001), Alabo primary school (AOR = 3.386; 95%CI = 1.084-10.572; P-value = 0.036) were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. CONCLUSION This study revealed that more than one-third of schoolchildren were infected by S. mansoni in the study area. The majority of the infections were classified as low infection intensity. Being male, bathing habits and schools in which students attended were independent explanatory factors for S. mansoni infection. Therefore, integrated control strategies are needed to improve the health conditions of schoolchildren in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Hailegebriel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Zena Ameha
- Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Development of an Automated, Non-Enzymatic Nucleic Acid Amplification Test. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101204. [PMID: 34683255 PMCID: PMC8538085 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among nucleic acid diagnostic strategies, non-enzymatic tests are the most promising for application at the point of care in low-resource settings. They remain relatively under-utilized, however, due to inadequate sensitivity. Inspired by a recent demonstration of a highly-sensitive dumbbell DNA amplification strategy, we developed an automated, self-contained assay for detection of target DNA. In this new diagnostic platform, called the automated Pi-powered looping oligonucleotide transporter, magnetic beads capture the target DNA and are then loaded into a microfluidic reaction cassette along with the other reaction solutions. A stepper motor controls the motion of the cassette relative to an external magnetic field, which moves the magnetic beads through the reaction solutions automatically. Real-time fluorescence is used to measure the accumulation of dumbbells on the magnetic bead surface. Left-handed DNA dumbbells produce a distinct signal which reflects the level of non-specific amplification, acting as an internal control. The autoPiLOT assay detected as little as 5 fM target DNA, and was also successfully applied to the detection of S. mansoni DNA. The autoPiLOT design is a novel step forward in the development of a sensitive, user-friendly, low-resource, non-enzymatic diagnostic test.
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143
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de Wit LA, Ricketts TH. Trade and Deforestation Predict Rat Lungworm Disease, an Invasive-Driven Zoonosis, at Global and Regional Scales. Front Public Health 2021; 9:680986. [PMID: 34568251 PMCID: PMC8458565 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.680986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of non-native species and deforestation are both important drivers of environmental change that can also facilitate the geographic spread of zoonotic pathogens and increase disease risk in humans. With ongoing trends in globalization and land-use conversions, introduced species and deforestation are ever more likely to pose threats to human health. Here, we used rat lungworm disease, an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and maintained by invasive rats and snails, to explore how these two forms of environmental change can impact zoonotic disease risk. We used logistic regressions to examine the role of global trade in the introduction of A. cantonensis at a country level and used model estimates to predict the probability of introduction as a function of trade. We then used hurdle-based regression models to examine the association between deforestation and rat lungworm disease in two regions where A. cantonensis is already established: Hawaii and Thailand. At the global scale, we found the trade of horticultural products to be an important driver in the spread of A. cantonensis and that the majority of countries at high risk of future A. cantonensis introduction are islands. At country scales, we found deforestation to increase the per-capita risk of A. cantonensis exposure in Hawaii and Thailand. Our study provides a preliminary view of the associations between species introductions, deforestation, and risk of A. cantonensis exposure in people. Better understanding how these two widespread and overlapping forms of environmental change affect human health can inform international biosecurity protocols, invasive species management, and land-use policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A de Wit
- RubensteinSchool of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.,Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- RubensteinSchool of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.,Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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144
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Dot blot platform as a novel diagnostic kit: rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of Schistosoma mansoni in urine samples of hard to detect individuals. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3795-3803. [PMID: 34561748 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostics provide actionable information for patient care at the time and site of an encounter with the health care system. The mainstay of infectious diseases care is early detection (case finding) and treatment completion, but for many, it is hard to identify positive individuals, as is the case of infection with low burden in schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease common in the tropics and subtropics. We developed a new, accurate, and fast Dot blot methodology (iDot) to indirectly detect Schistosoma mansoni in individuals with very low parasite burden using urine samples. Accuracy of 0.74 was obtained with a significant difference between negative and positive patients and a substantial agreement was found when iDot was compared with five available methods. Our analysis also revealed the superiority of iDot in detecting negative individuals from non-endemic sites, thus, presenting the lowest rate of false positives. This new method called iDot is convenient and suitable for qualitative and quantitative detection of schistosomiasis in individuals with low parasite burden.
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145
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Sumbele IUN, Tabi DB, Teh RN, Njunda AL. Urogenital schistosomiasis burden in school-aged children in Tiko, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:75. [PMID: 34530935 PMCID: PMC8444581 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at determining urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors in school-aged children (SAC) in the new endemic focus of Tiko, Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study including 389 SAC of both sexes aged 5–15 years was carried out between April and June 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, clinical and predisposing factors. Urine sample collected was used to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs by filtration technique and microhaematuria by Heme dipstick COMBI 11. Logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors of UGS. Results The overall prevalence of UGS was 37.0% (CI 32.4–41.9) and 32.6% (CI 28.2–37.5) were positive by egg excretion while 24.4% (CI 20.4–28.9) by haematuria. S. haematobium egg excretion and haematuria were significantly higher in males (P = 0.016; P = 0.049) and children 12–15 years old (P = 0.009; P = 0.002), respectively. The mean number of eggs per 10 mL of urine was 77.6 (10.2) and ranged from 2 to 400. The proportion of light intensity of infection was higher (67.7%, CI 59.2–75.2) with no significant differences by sex, age and residence. However, the older children were more heavily infected when compared to the younger children, who had more of light infection. Overall, the mean knowledge score 1.42 (CI 1.32–1.51) on a scale of 6, was poor and the proportion of good knowledge of the disease (23.14%, CI 19.2–27.6) was low. Stream water contact (AOR = 4.94; P = 0.001) was the only significant risk factor identified. Conclusion Urogenital schistosomiasis is of public health concern among SAC in Tiko, Cameroon. Most participants have poor knowledge about the disease, hence education on vector-borne diseases and the avoidance of stream water contact should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Doris Bennen Tabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Rene Ning Teh
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Anne Longdoh Njunda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Hamlili FZ, Thiam F, Laroche M, Diarra AZ, Doucouré S, Gaye PM, Fall CB, Faye B, Sokhna C, Sow D, Parola P. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009725. [PMID: 34516582 PMCID: PMC8489727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Oncomelania are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and potentially DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (Bi. pfeifferi, Bu. forskalii, Bu. truncatus) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Fatou Thiam
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maureen Laroche
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Papa Mouhamadou Gaye
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Binetou Fall
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Doudou Sow
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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Alwan SN, LoVerde PT. The effect of fs800 on female egg production in Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 245:111412. [PMID: 34492240 PMCID: PMC10838108 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During schistosomiasis, the paired Schistosoma mansoni female produces about 300 eggs each day. These eggs are responsible for the clinical picture and the transmission of the disease. During female development and egg production, fs800 is expressed only in female vitelline cells. Blast search of fs800 did not show similarities with any published sequences by NCBI. We hypothesize that the product of this gene plays a role in S. mansoni egg production. By using RNA interference to knockdown fs800 and quantitative PCR to measure the gene expression in the female schistosomes, we were able to demonstrate that fs800 product is crucial for viable egg production, it has no effect on worm health or male-female pairing. Our data suggest fs800 inhibition as a potential target to prevent transmission and pathology of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan N Alwan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Philip T LoVerde
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang Q. History of Human Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) in China: From Discovery to Elimination. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:760-769. [PMID: 33713275 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For the evolution of schistosomiasis in China, a systematic review was provided about the history of the disease and its public health impacts. We aimed to depict the journey from disease discovery to elimination and the experience and lessons learned during the process. METHODS We systematically reviewed the Chinese history of schistosomiasis and its public health impacts and collected data on the disease by searching relevant books and articles. RESULTS An important milestone for the disease discovery is that Schistosoma japonicum eggs were identified in the two Chinese corpses dating back to around 2180 years ago. The earliest Chinese ancient book documented symptoms resembling schistosomiasis that could date back to about 4700 years ago. The first nationwide survey on the disease in the mid-1950s revealed that schistosomiasis was endemic in 433 counties or cities of 12 provinces and affected about 11.6 million people in China. The Chinese government has provided continuous investment in schistosoiasis control, and the national multifaceted, integrated control programs have been uninterruptedly implemented since 1955. Schistosomiasis control in China can be divided into six stages, and various schistosomiasis control strategies have been developed and adjusted. The number of schistosomiasis cases decreased from 11.6 million in 1950s to 38,000 in 2017 and the number of acute cases decreased from 13,191 in 1989 to only 1 in 2017. CONCLUSIONS Schistosomiasis transmission has been under control in all parts of China since 2017. An elimination of schistosomiasis can be achieved in the foreseeable future in China.
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Tamarozzi F, Ursini T, Ronzoni N, Badona Monteiro G, Gobbi FG, Angheben A, Richter J, Buonfrate D, Bisoffi Z. Prospective cohort study using ultrasonography of Schistosoma haematobium-infected migrants. J Travel Med 2021; 28:6346386. [PMID: 34369560 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Schistosoma haematobium may lead to serious complications, including bladder carcinoma. Although it is recommended that only bladder masses not regressing within 6 months after praziquantel intake should be investigated invasively, cystoendoscopy is still often performed at diagnosis even in the absence of further signs of concern. No prospective study so far evaluated the evolution of bladder lesions after treatment in case of no risk of reinfection, which could inform case management. METHODS Adult African migrants with active S. haematobium infection, as assessed by positive urine PCR or microscopy for eggs in urine or bladder biopsy, underwent urinary tract ultrasound at enrolment and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after praziquantel treatment. Patients in advanced pregnancy or with known Schistosoma-unrelated chronic pathology of the urinary tract were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-one patients, aged 18-29 years, participated in the study; ten (47.6%) had bladder masses on ultrasound. Follow-up ≥6 months was completed by 16 (76.2%) patients; ≥12 months by 14 (66.7%) and 24 months by 11 (52.4%). All patients with bladder lesions on enrolment completed a follow-up of ≥6 months. Lesions resolved completely by 6 months in all cases and no new development/re-appearance was observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective, long-term follow-up study with ultrasound of patients with urinary schistosomiasis outside endemic areas. Mucosal masses in young patients regressed after treatment without recurrence, supporting the recommendation that invasive procedures should be avoided unless lesions or other symptoms/signs of concern persist for > 6 months. Further studies should assess the evolution of bladder lesions after treatment in larger populations, including older age groups, and, ideally, with parallel assessment of other biomarkers of urinary pathology and of residual S. haematobium active infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Tamara Ursini
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Niccolò Ronzoni
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Geraldo Badona Monteiro
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Federico G Gobbi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Andrea Angheben
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Joachim Richter
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Berlin, FR 10117, Germany
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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Schols R, Carolus H, Hammoud C, Muzarabani KC, Barson M, Huyse T. Invasive snails, parasite spillback, and potential parasite spillover drive parasitic diseases of Hippopotamus amphibius in artificial lakes of Zimbabwe. BMC Biol 2021; 19:160. [PMID: 34412627 PMCID: PMC8377832 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans impose a significant pressure on large herbivore populations, such as hippopotami, through hunting, poaching, and habitat destruction. Anthropogenic pressures can also occur indirectly, such as artificial lake creation and the subsequent introduction of invasive species that alter the ecosystem. These events can lead to drastic changes in parasite diversity and transmission, but generally receive little scientific attention. Results In order to document and identify trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in artificial water systems of Zimbabwe, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular diagnostics and morphometrics on archived and new samples. In doing so, we provide DNA reference sequences of the hippopotamus liver fluke Fasciola nyanzae, enabling us to construct the first complete Fasciola phylogeny. We describe parasite spillback of F. nyanzae by the invasive freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella, as a consequence of a cascade of biological invasions in Lake Kariba, one of the biggest artificial lakes in the world. Additionally, we report an unknown stomach fluke of the hippopotamus transmitted by the non-endemic snail Radix aff. plicatula, an Asian snail species that has not been found in Africa before, and the stomach fluke Carmyerius cruciformis transmitted by the native snail Bulinus truncatus. Finally, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and two Bulinus species were found as new snail hosts for the poorly documented hippopotamus blood fluke Schistosoma edwardiense. Conclusions Our findings indicate that artificial lakes are breeding grounds for endemic and non-endemic snails that transmit trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus. This has important implications, as existing research links trematode parasite infections combined with other stressors to declining wild herbivore populations. Therefore, we argue that monitoring the anthropogenic impact on parasite transmission should become an integral part of wildlife conservation efforts. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schols
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Carolus
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven-VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Hammoud
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.,Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Lake Kariba Research Station, University of Zimbabwe, Kariba, Zimbabwe
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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