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Efficacy and Tolerability of Second and Third Generation Anti-epileptic Drugs in Refractory Epilepsy: A Network Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2535. [PMID: 28566726 PMCID: PMC5451432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was proposed to compare the relative efficacy and tolerability of the second and third generation AEDs for refractory epilepsy. The 50% responder rate (RR) was selected as the efficacy outcome whereas the incidence of dizziness and somnolence were considered to evaluate the tolerability of AEDs. Odds ratio (OR) and their 95% credible interval (CrI) were obtained using a consistency model and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value was calculated to rank AEDs. Topiramate appeared to be significantly more effective than placebo, eslicarbazepine acetate, perampanel, pregabalin, zonisamide, gabapentin and lamotrigine with respect to the 50% RR (all OR > 1). Patients who were managed by eslicarbazepine acetate, perampanel, oxcarbazepine, topiramate and pregabalin were more likely to suffer from dizziness compared to those who receive placebo (all OR > 1). Perampanel, topiramate and pregabalin were related to elevated risks of somnolence compared to placebo (all OR > 1). Moreover, topiramate ranked highest with respect to 50% RR (SUCRA = 0.968) whereas levetiracetam appeared to have balanced efficacy and tolerability (SUCRA = 0.769, 0.743, 0.604 and 0.659). In conclusion, topiramate was the most efficacious AED, while levetiracetam was able to provide patients with balanced efficacy and tolerability.
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Pitkänen A, Löscher W, Vezzani A, Becker AJ, Simonato M, Lukasiuk K, Gröhn O, Bankstahl JP, Friedman A, Aronica E, Gorter JA, Ravizza T, Sisodiya SM, Kokaia M, Beck H. Advances in the development of biomarkers for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2017; 15:843-856. [PMID: 27302363 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy remains unsatisfactorily controlled despite the availability of over 20 antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, no treatments exist to prevent the development of epilepsy in those at risk, despite an increasing understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways. One of the major factors that have impeded rapid progress in these areas is the complex and multifactorial nature of epilepsy, and its heterogeneity. Therefore, the vision of developing targeted treatments for epilepsy relies upon the development of biomarkers that allow individually tailored treatment. Biomarkers for epilepsy typically fall into two broad categories: diagnostic biomarkers, which provide information on the clinical status of, and potentially the sensitivity to, specific treatments, and prognostic biomarkers, which allow prediction of future clinical features, such as the speed of progression, severity of epilepsy, development of comorbidities, or prediction of remission or cure. Prognostic biomarkers are of particular importance because they could be used to identify which patients will develop epilepsy and which might benefit from preventive treatments. Biomarker research faces several challenges; however, biomarkers could substantially improve the management of people with epilepsy and could lead to prevention in the right person at the right time, rather than just symptomatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unit of Gene Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Merab Kokaia
- Epilepsy Center, Experimental Epilepsy Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heinz Beck
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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103
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel quinuclidinone derivatives as potential antimicrobial and anticonvulsant agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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104
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DV21 decreases excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons and acts in epilepsy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1701. [PMID: 28490750 PMCID: PMC5431874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is the most common treatment. Although there are more than 15 AEDs available, a third of epilepsy patients remain refractory to available drugs, so novel effective drugs are needed. Here, we found that DV21, which is a natural triterpenoid compound extracted from plants of the Asclepiadaceae family, significantly decreased the incidence and stages of seizures in three classical drug-induced acute seizure models in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we also found that the antiepileptic effect of DV21 might be partly mediated through reducing the excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons by increasing M current, which are low-threshold non-inactivating voltage-gated potassium currents. Moreover, the application of XE991, an inhibitor of M current, could block most the antiepileptic effect of DV21. Taken together, our results indicated that DV21 might be a novel leading compound for the treatment of epilepsy.
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105
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Yu P, Zhou D, Liao W, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Wu Y, Lang S, Lin W, Song Y, Zhao H, Cai M, Hong Z. An investigation of the characteristics of outpatients with epilepsy and antiepileptic drug utilization in a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 69:126-132. [PMID: 28242476 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the distribution of seizure types, clinical characteristics, and antiepileptic drug (AED) utilization in patients with epilepsy visiting tertiary hospitals in China. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional epidemiology study conducted at 11 tertiary hospitals across China from May 2014 to November 2014. A total of 1603 patients, of either sex or any age with confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy, visiting outpatient clinics at tertiary hospitals were screened and enrolled. Demographics, seizure types, frequency, etiologies, comorbidities, and current AED therapy were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Overall, the majority (n=1201; 74.9%) of patients were adults (16-59years of age), and the mean (SD) age was 27.5 (15.9) years. A total of 989 (61.7%) patients had partial seizures, and 653 (40.7%) had generalized seizures. The majority experienced monthly (n=663) or yearly (n=625) seizures, with 2.7seizures/month or 2.9seizures/year, respectively. The most commonly reported symptomatic etiologies were traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, and stroke, whereas the most common comorbidities were sleep disorder, headache, anxiety, and depression. Overall, monotherapy was used in 54.1% of patients, while 30.6% of patients used dual therapy. The most commonly prescribed monotherapy for patients with partial seizures was oxcarbazepine (25.9%), while that for patients with generalized seizures was valproic acid (38.9%), and the most common AED combination was valproic acid and lamotrigine. Overall, valproic acid was the most commonly prescribed AED as monotherapy and combination therapy. CONCLUSION Findings from this study provide extensive information on clinical characteristics and utilization of AEDs in Chinese patients with epilepsy which may help physicians make well-informed clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weiping Liao
- Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Neurology Department, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Provincial Medical College, Nanning, China.
| | - Senyang Lang
- Neurology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihong Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Yijun Song
- Neurology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Heqing Zhao
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China.
| | - Meng Cai
- GlaxoSmithKline (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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106
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Li J, Chen L, Wang N, Jiang G, Wu Y, Zhang Y. Effect of synaptic adhesion-like molecule 3 on epileptic seizures: Evidence from animal models. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 69:18-23. [PMID: 28222338 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Axonal sprouting and synaptic reorganization are the primary pathophysiological characteristics of epilepsy. Recent studies demonstrated that synaptic adhesion-like molecule 3 (SALM3) is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays important roles in neurite outgrowth, branching, and axon guidance, mechanisms that are also observed in epilepsy. However, the expression of SALM3 in the epileptic brain and the effect of SALM3 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy remain unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate SALM3 expression in rat models of epilepsy and to explore the functional significance of SALM3 in epilepsy. We demonstrated that SALM3 was expressed at significantly higher levels in epileptic rats compared with controls. Inhibition of SALM3 by SALM3 shRNA inhibited status epilepticus in the acute stage of disease and decreased spontaneous recurrent seizures in the Lithium-pilocarpine model of chronic stages of epilepsy. Consistent with these findings, SALM3 shRNA significantly prolonged the latent period in the PTZ kindling model. Our study suggests that the overexpression of SALM3 might be associated with epileptogenesis and that selectively inhibiting SALM3 may have therapeutic potential in treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
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107
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Design and Comparative Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Profile, Carbonic-Anhydrate Inhibition and Teratogenicity of Novel Carbamate Derivatives of Branched Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with 4-Aminobenzensulfonamide. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1972-1982. [PMID: 28275953 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, with between 34 and 76 per 100,000 people developing epilepsy annually. Epilepsy therapy for the past 100+ years is based on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Despite the availability of more than twenty old and new AEDs, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy are not seizure-free with the existing medications. In addition, the clinical use of the existing AEDs is restricted by their side-effects, including the teratogenicity associated with valproic acid that restricts its use in women of child-bearing age. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop new, effective AEDs. In the present study, a novel class of carbamates incorporating phenethyl or branched aliphatic chains with 6-9 carbons in their side-chain, and 4-benzenesulfonamide-carbamate moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity, teratogenicity and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition. Three of the ten newly synthesized carbamates showed anticonvulsant activity in the maximal-electroshock (MES) and 6 Hz tests in rodents. In mice, 3-methyl-2-propylpentyl(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamate(1), 3-methyl-pentan-2-yl-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamate (9) and 3-methylpentyl, (4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamate (10) had ED50 values of 136, 31 and 14 mg/kg (MES) and 74, 53, and 80 mg/kg (6 Hz), respectively. Compound (10) had rat-MES-ED50 = 13 mg/kg and ED50 of 59 mg/kg at the mouse-corneal-kindling test. These potent carbamates (1,9,10) induced neural tube defects only at doses markedly exceeding their anticonvuslnat-ED50 values. None of these compounds were potent inhibitors of CA IV, but inhibited CA isoforms I, II and VII. The anticonvulsant properties of these compounds and particularly compound 10 make them potential candidates for further evaluation and development as new AEDs.
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108
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Żesławska E, Bareyre FM, Nitek W, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H. Physicochemical and biological evaluation of a cinnamamide derivative R,S-(2E)-1-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (KM-608) for nervous system disorders. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:244-253. [PMID: 28097810 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cinnamamide scaffold has been successfully incorporated in several compounds possessing desirable pharmacological activities in central and peripheral nervous system such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, and sedative/hypnotic properties. R,S-(2E)-1-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (KM-608), a cinnamamide derivative, was synthesized, its chemical structure was confirmed by means of spectroscopy and crystallography, and additionally, thermal analysis showed that it exists in one crystalline form. The compound was evaluated in vivo in rodents as anticonvulsant, antiepileptogenic, analgesic, and neuroprotective agent. The beneficial properties of the compound were found in animal models of seizures evoked electrically (maximal electroshock test, 6-Hz) and chemically (subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure test) as well as in three animal models of epileptogenesis: corneal-kindled mice, hippocampal-kindled rats, and lamotrigine-resistant amygdala-kindled rats. Quantitative pharmacological parameters calculated for the tested compound were comparable to those of currently used antiepileptic drugs. In vivo pharmacological profile of KM-608 corresponds with the activity of valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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109
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Intranasal Delivery of miR-146a Mimics Delayed Seizure Onset in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6512620. [PMID: 28242958 PMCID: PMC5294386 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6512620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the key mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for the development of novel treatments is of increasing interest, and anti-inflammatory miR-146a is now considered a promising molecular target for TLE. In the current study, a C57BL/6 TLE mouse model was established using the lithium-pilocarpine protocol. The seizure degree was evaluated according to the Racine scale, and level 5 was considered the threshold for generalized convulsions. Animals were sacrificed to analyze the hippocampus at three time points (2 h and 4 and 8 weeks after pilocarpine administration to evaluate the acute, latent, and chronic phases, resp.). After intranasal delivery of miR-146a mimics (30 min before pilocarpine injection), the percent of animals with no induced seizures increased by 6.7%, the latency to generalized convulsions was extended, and seizure severity was reduced. Additionally, hippocampal damage was alleviated. While the relative miR-146a levels significantly increased, the expression of its target mRNAs (IRAK-1 and TRAF-6) and typical inflammatory modulators (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) decreased, supporting an anti-inflammatory role of miR-146a via the TLR pathway. This study is the first to demonstrate that intranasal delivery of miR-146a mimics can improve seizure onset and hippocampal damage in the acute phase of lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures, which provides inflammation-based clues for the development of novel TLE treatments.
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110
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Dong S, Wang T, Hu C, Chen X, Jin Y, Wang Z. Design and Synthesis of 5-Substituted Benzo[d][1,3]dioxole Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsant Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Dong
- College of Pharmacy; JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang China
- College of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- College of Pharmacy; JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang China
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine; Nanchang China
| | - Chundi Hu
- College of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy; JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Pharmacy; JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang China
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine; Nanchang China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy; JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang China
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111
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Golyala A, Kwan P. Drug development for refractory epilepsy: The past 25 years and beyond. Seizure 2017; 44:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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112
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Tanaka T, Yajima N, Kiyoshi T, Miura Y, Iwama S. Simple N,N-dimethyl phenylsulfonamides show potent anticonvulsant effect in two standard epilepsy models. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:94-97. [PMID: 27887842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the previously reported benzothiazine analogue A led to the identification of compound 1, which showed anti-convulsant activity in two golden standard animal models of seizure, the MES and scPTZ models. Structure-activity relationship investigation of compound 1 revealed compounds 2, 6 and 19 as attractive anti-epileptic drug (AED) candidates with potent anticonvulsant effect in both the MES and scPTZ models. As these compounds are structurally different from existing AEDs, determination of their mechanism of actions could provide clues to understanding current therapy-resistant seizures. Moreover, these simple phenylsulfoneamide compounds could be good starting points for searching broad spectrum AEDs by such in vivo screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan.
| | - Nana Yajima
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kiyoshi
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Seiji Iwama
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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113
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Żelaszczyk D, Rapacz A, Żesławska E, Waszkielewicz AM, Pańczyk K, Słoczyńska K, Pękala E, Nitek W, Filipek B, Marona H. Structure-anticonvulsant activity studies in the group of (E)-N-cinnamoyl aminoalkanols derivatives monosubstituted in phenyl ring with 4-Cl, 4-CH 3 or 2-CH 3. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:471-482. [PMID: 27876250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of twenty two (E)-N-cinnamoyl aminoalkanols derivatives monosubstituted in phenyl ring with 4-Cl, 4-CH3 or 2-CH3 was designed, synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in rodent models of seizures: maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test, and 6-Hz test. There were identified three most active compounds: S-(2E)-N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-(2-methylphenyl)prop-2-enamide (5) (ED50 MES=42.56, ED50 scPTZ=58.38, ED50 6-Hz 44mA=42.27mg/kg tested in mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration); R,S-(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide (6) (ED50 MES=53.76, ED50 scPTZ=90.31, ED50 6-Hz 44mA=92.86mg/kg mice, i.p.); and R,S-(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)prop-2-enamide (11) (ED50 MES=55.58, ED50 scPTZ=102.15, ED50 6-Hz 44mA=51.27mg/kg mice, i.p.). Their structures and configurations were confirmed by crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure-activity studies among the tested series showed that chlorine atom in position para or methyl group in position ortho of phenyl ring were beneficial for anticonvulsant activity. Methyl group in position para of phenyl ring decreased anticonvulsant activity in reported series of cinnamamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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French JA, Lawson JA, Yapici Z, Ikeda H, Polster T, Nabbout R, Curatolo P, de Vries PJ, Dlugos DJ, Berkowitz N, Voi M, Peyrard S, Pelov D, Franz DN. Adjunctive everolimus therapy for treatment-resistant focal-onset seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis (EXIST-3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2016; 388:2153-2163. [PMID: 27613521 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has been used for various benign tumours associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. We assessed the efficacy and safety of two trough exposure concentrations of everolimus, 3-7 ng/mL (low exposure) and 9-15 ng/mL (high exposure), compared with placebo as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant focal-onset seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex. METHODS In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, eligible patients aged 2-65 years with tuberous sclerosis complex and treatment-resistant seizures (≥16 in an 8-week baseline phase) receiving one to three concomitant antiepileptic drugs were recruited from 99 centres across 25 countries. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1), via permuted-block randomisation (block size of six) implemented by Interactive Response Technology software, to receive placebo, low-exposure everolimus, or high-exposure everolimus. Randomisation was stratified by age subgroup (<6 years, 6 to <12 years, 12 to <18 years, and ≥18 years). Patients, investigators, site personnel, and the sponsor's study team were masked to treatment allocation. The starting dose of everolimus depended on age, body-surface area, and concomitant use of cytochrome 3A4/P-glycoprotein inducers. Dose adjustments were done to attain target trough ranges during a 6-week titration period, and as needed during a 12-week maintenance period of core phase. Patients or their caregivers recorded events in a seizure diary throughout the study. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the frequency of seizures during the maintenance period, defined as response rate (the proportion of patients achieving ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency) and median percentage reduction in seizure frequency, in all randomised patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01713946. FINDINGS Between July 3, 2013, and May 29, 2015, 366 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to placebo (n=119), low-exposure everolimus, (n=117), or high-exposure everolimus (n=130). The response rate was 15·1% with placebo (95% CI 9·2-22·8; 18 patients) compared with 28·2% for low-exposure everolimus (95% CI 20·3-37·3; 33 patients; p=0·0077) and 40·0% for high-exposure everolimus (95% CI 31·5-49·0; 52 patients; p<0·0001). The median percentage reduction in seizure frequency was 14·9% (95% CI 0·1-21·7) with placebo versus 29·3% with low-exposure everolimus (95% CI 18·8-41·9; p=0·0028) and 39·6% with high-exposure everolimus (95% CI 35·0-48·7; p<0·0001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 13 (11%) patients in the placebo group, 21 (18%) in the low-exposure group, and 31 (24%) in the high-exposure group. Serious adverse events were reported in three (3%) patients who received placebo, 16 (14%) who received low-exposure everolimus, and 18 (14%) who received high-exposure everolimus. Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in two (2%) patients in the placebo group versus six (5%) in the low-exposure group and four (3%) in the high-exposure group. INTERPRETATION Adjunctive everolimus treatment significantly reduced seizure frequency with a tolerable safety profile compared with placebo in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and treatment-resistant seizures. FUNDING Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Lawson
- Tuberous Sclerosis Multidisciplinary Management Clinic, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- NHO Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tilman Polster
- Paediatric Epileptology, Mara Hospital, Bethel Epilepsy Center, Germany
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Petrus J de Vries
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dennis J Dlugos
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noah Berkowitz
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Maurizio Voi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Diana Pelov
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - David N Franz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Mawasi H, Bibi D, Bialer M. Design and comparative anticonvulsant activity assessment of CNS-active alkyl-carbamoyl imidazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4246-4253. [PMID: 27469980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of carbamoyl derivatives of alkylimidazole has been designed and their anticonvulsant activity was comparatively evaluated in the mice- and rats-maximal-electroshock (MES), subcutaneous-metrazol (scMet) seizure tests and the mice-6Hz psychomotor (6Hz) models. The ten new designed molecules contain in their chemical structure imidazole, alkyl side-chain and carbamate as three potential active moieties. In spite of the close structural features of the carbamoyl imidazole derivatives only compounds 7, 8, 13 and 16 were active at the MES test with ED50 values ranging from 12 to 20mg/kg coupled with high protective index (PI=TD50/ED50) values of 4.1-7.3 after ip administration to rats. A similar phenomenon was observed in mice where compounds 7, 8, 9, 12 had MES-ED50 values of 14-26mg/kg. Compounds 7 and 13 also demonstrated anticonvulsant activity in the 6Hz model with ED50 values of 32 and 44mg/kg, respectively. As the most active entities, compounds 7, 8 followed by 13 and 16, thus offer an optimal efficacy-safety profile and consequently, might be promising candidates for development as new antiepileptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mawasi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - David Bibi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Meir Bialer
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gharibi Loron A, Sardari S, Narenjkar J, Sayyah M. In silico Screening and Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Like Molecules in Experimental Models of Seizures. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:32-9. [PMID: 27592363 PMCID: PMC5141252 DOI: 10.6091/.21.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Resistance to antiepileptic drugs and the intolerability in 20-30% of the patients raises demand for developing new drugs with improved efficacy and safety. Acceptable anticonvulsant activity, good tolerability, and inexpensiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) make it as a good candidate for designing and development of the new anticonvulsant medications. Methods: Ten DHA-based molecules were screened based on in silico screening of DHA-like molecules by root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions, the biological activity score of Professional Association for SQL Server, and structural requirements suggested by pharmacophore design. Anticonvulsant activity was tested against clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) and tonic seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES, 50 mA, 50 Hz, 1 ms duration) by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the screened compounds to mice. Results: Among screened compounds, 4-Phenylbutyric acid, 4-Biphenylacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, and 2-Phenylbutyric acid showed significant protective activity in pentylenetetrazole test with ED50 values of 4, 5, 78, and 70 mM, respectively. In MES test, shikimic acid and 4-tert-Butylcyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid showed significant activity with ED50 values 29 and 637 mM, respectively. Effective compounds had no mortality in mice up to the maximum i.c.v. injectable dose of 1 mM. Conclusion: Common electrochemical features and three-dimensional spatial structures of the effective compounds suggest the involvement of the anticonvulsant mechanisms similar to the parent compound DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gharibi Loron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Narenjkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Grigoletto J, Oliveira CVD, Grauncke ACB, Souza TLD, Souto NS, Freitas MLD, Furian AF, Santos ARS, Oliveira MS. Rosmarinic acid is anticonvulsant against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and pilocarpine in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 62:27-34. [PMID: 27448240 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Current anticonvulsant drugs are ineffective in nearly one-third of patients and may cause significant adverse effects. Rosmarinic acid is a naturally occurring substance which displays several biological effects including antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Since oxidative stress and excitotoxicity play a role in the pathophysiology of seizures, we aimed the present study to test the hypothesis that rosmarinic acid displays anticonvulsant and disease-modifying effects. Female C57BL/6 mice received rosmarinic acid (0, 3, 10, or 30mg/kg; p.o.) 60min before the injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 60mg/kg; i.p.) or pilocarpine (300mg/kg, i.p.). Myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic seizure latencies and generalized seizure duration were analyzed by behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) methods. The effect of acute administration of rosmarinic acid on mice behavior in the open-field, object recognition, rotarod, and forced swim tests was also evaluated. In an independent set of experiments, we evaluated the effect of rosmarinic acid (3 or 30mg/kg, p.o. for 14days) on the development of SRS and behavioral comorbidities in the pilocarpine post-status epilepticus (SE) model of epilepsy. Rosmarinic acid dose-dependently (peak effect at 30mg/kg) increased the latency to myoclonic jerks and generalized seizures in the PTZ model and increased the latency to myoclonic jerks induced by pilocarpine. Rosmarinic acid (30mg/kg) increased the number of crossings, the time at the center of the open field, and the immobility time in the forced swim test. In the chronic epilepsy model, treatment with rosmarinic acid did not prevent the appearance of SRS or behavioral comorbidities. In summary, rosmarinic acid displayed acute anticonvulsant-like activity against seizures induced by PTZ or pilocarpine in mice, but further studies are needed to determine its epilepsy-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaíze Lopes de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Graduate Program in Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Liu G, Wang J, Deng XH, Ma PS, Li FM, Peng XD, Niu Y, Sun T, Li YX, Yu JQ. The Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Oxysophocarpine on Pilocarpine-Induced Convulsions in Adult Male Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:339-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahn S, Jun SB, Lee HW, Lee S. Computational modeling of epileptiform activities in medial temporal lobe epilepsy combined with in vitro experiments. J Comput Neurosci 2016; 41:207-23. [PMID: 27416961 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-016-0614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a comprehensive computational model that is able to reproduce three epileptiform activities. The model targets a hippocampal formation that is known to be an important lesion in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. It consists of four sub-networks consisting of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and well-known signal pathways, with consideration of propagation delay. The three epileptiform activities involve fast and slow interictal discharge and ictal discharge, and those activities can be induced in vitro by application of 4-Aminopyridine in entorhinal cortex combined hippocampal slices. We model the three epileptiform activities upon previously reported biological mechanisms and verify the simulation results by comparing them with in vitro experimental data obtained using a microelectrode array. We use the results of Granger causality analysis of recorded data to set input gains of signal pathways in the model, so that the compatibility between the computational and experimental models can be improved. The proposed model can be expanded to evaluate the suppression effect of epileptiform activities due to new treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Ahn
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Sang Beom Jun
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Hyang Woon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
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Synthesis and potential anticonvulsant activity of new aryl sulfonyl semicarbazide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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121
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Tao H, Zhao J, Zhou X, Ma Z, Chen Y, Sun F, Cui L, Zhou H, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao S, Yao L, Zhao B, Li K. Promoter Variants of the ADAM10 Gene and Their Roles in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2016; 7:108. [PMID: 27445971 PMCID: PMC4928100 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has indicated that downregulated ADAM10 gives rise to epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease, and this study investigated the association of ADAM10 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) from a genetic perspective. A total of 496 TLE patients and 528 healthy individuals were enrolled and genotyped for ADAM10 promoter variants (rs653765 G > A and rs514049 A > C). The alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were then compared with clarify the association of these variants with TLE and their impacts upon age at onset, initial seizure types before treatments, and responses to drug treatments. In cohorts I, II, and I + II, the frequencies of the A allele and AA genotype at rs514049 were consistently increased in the cases compared with the controls (p = 0.020 and p = 0.009; p = 0.008 and p = 0.009; p = 0.000 and p = 0.000; q = 0.003 and q = 0.002, respectively). In contrast, the frequency of the AC haplotype (rs653765-rs514049) decreased in cohorts I + II (p = 0.013). Further analyses of the TLE patients indicated that the AA genotype functioned as a predisposing factor to drug-resistant TLE and the AC haplotype as a protective factor against generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and drug-resistant TLE. This study is the first to demonstrate an association of the ADAM10 promoter variants with TLE. In particular, the AA genotype and AC haplotype showed their effects upon GTCS and drug-resistant TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Fuhai Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan , Pingdingshan, Hebei , China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, Heilongjiang , China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang, Guangdong , China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ossemann M, de Fays K, Bihin B, Vandermeeren Y. Effect of a single dose of retigabine in cortical excitability parameters: A cross-over, double-blind placebo-controlled TMS study. Epilepsy Res 2016; 126:78-82. [PMID: 27448328 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) decrease the occurrence of epileptic seizures and modulate cortical excitability through several mechanisms that likely interact. The modulation of brain excitability by AEDs is believed to reflect their antiepileptic action(s) and could be used as a surrogate marker of their efficacy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the best noninvasive methods to study cortical excitability in human subjects. Specific TMS parameters can be used to quantify the various mechanisms of action of AEDs. A new AED called retigabine increases potassium efflux by changing the conformation of KCNQ 2-5 potassium channels, which leads to neuronal hyperpolarisation and a decrease in excitability. HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of retigabine on cortical excitability. Based on the known mechanisms of action of retigabine, we hypothesized that the oral intake of retigabine would increase the resting motor threshold (RMT). METHODS Fifteen healthy individuals participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, clinical trial (RCT). The primary outcome measure was the RMT quantified before and after oral intake of retigabine. Several secondary TMS outcome measures were acquired. RESULTS The mean RMT, active motor threshold (AMT) and intensity to obtain a 1mV peak-to-peak amplitude potential (SI1mV) were significantly increased after retigabine intake compared to placebo (RMT: P=0.039; AMT: P=0.014; SI1mV: P=0.019). No significant differences were found for short-interval intracortical inhibition/intracortical facilitation (SICI/ICF), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) or short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). CONCLUSION A single dose of retigabine increased the RMT, AMT and S1mV in healthy individuals. No modulating intracortical facilitation or inhibition was observed. This study provides the first in vivo demonstration of the modulating effects of retigabine on the excitability of the human brain, and the results are consistent with the data showing that retigabine hyperpolarizes neurons mainly by increasing potassium conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ossemann
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), CHU UCL Namur, Department of Neurology, Avenue Dr G. Thérasse, B5530 Yvoir, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of NeuroSciences (IoNS), Avenue Hippocrate, 54 Bte 54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Katalin de Fays
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), CHU UCL Namur, Department of Neurology, Avenue Dr G. Thérasse, B5530 Yvoir, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of NeuroSciences (IoNS), Avenue Hippocrate, 54 Bte 54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Bihin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), CHU UCL Namur, Scientific Support Unit Avenue Dr G. Thérasse, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Yves Vandermeeren
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), CHU UCL Namur, Department of Neurology, Avenue Dr G. Thérasse, B5530 Yvoir, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of NeuroSciences (IoNS), Avenue Hippocrate, 54 Bte 54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Deepakumari HN, Jayanna BK, Prashanth MK, Revanasiddappa HD, Veeresh B. Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity ofN-(Substituted)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-3(4H)-carboxamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:566-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidarur K. Jayanna
- Department of Chemistry; B. N. M. Institute of Technology; Bangaluru Karnataka India
| | | | | | - Bantal Veeresh
- Department of Pharmacology; G Pullareddy College of Pharmacy; Mehdipatnam Hyderabad India
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Łączkowski KZ, Biernasiuk A, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Zielińska S, Sałat K, Furgała A, Misiura K, Malm A. Synthesis, antimicrobial and anticonvulsant screening of small library of tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl based thiazoles and selenazoles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:24-39. [PMID: 27193505 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and investigation of antimicrobial activity of 22 novel thiazoles and selenazoles derived from dihydro-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-one are presented. Additionally, anticonvulsant activity of six derivatives is examinated. Among the derivatives, compounds 4a-f, 4i, 4k, 4 l, 4n, 4o-s and 4v have very strong activity against Candida spp. with MIC = 1.95-15.62 μg/ml. In the case of compounds 4a-f, 4i, 4k, 4 l, 4n, 4o, 4r and 4s, the activity is very strong against some strains of Candida spp. isolated from clinical materials, with MIC = 0.98 to 15.62 μg/ml. Additionally, compounds 4n-v are found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC = 7.81-62.5 μg/ml. The results of anticonvulsant screening reveal that compounds 4a, 4b, 4m and 4n demonstrate a statistically significant anticonvulsant activity in the pentylenetetrazole model, whereas compounds 4a and 4n showed protection in 6-Hz psychomotor seizure model. Noteworthy, none of these compounds impaired animals' motor skills in the rotarod test. We also performed quantum chemical calculation of interaction and binding energies in complex of 4a with cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- a Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals , Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Zielińska
- a Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals , Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- d Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Anna Furgała
- d Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Konrad Misiura
- a Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals , Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University , Lublin , Poland
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Rapacz A, Obniska J, Wiklik-Poudel B, Rybka S, Sałat K, Filipek B. Anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity of new amides derived from 3-phenyl-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-1-yl-acetic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:239-49. [PMID: 27089821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to examine the anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity of five new amides derived from 3-phenyl-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-1-yl-acetic acid in animal models of seizures and pain. The antiseizure activity was investigated in three acute models of seizures, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES), the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), and 6Hz psychomotor seizure tests in mice. The antinociceptive properties were estimated in the formalin model of tonic pain, and in the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Considering drug safety evaluation, acute neurological toxicity was determined in the rotarod test. Three tested compounds (3, 4, and 7) displayed a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity and showed better protective indices than those obtained for MES/scPTZ/6Hz active reference drug - valproic acid. Furthermore, three compounds (3, 4, and 6) demonstrated a significant antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, as well as antiallodynic activity in the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model. Among the tested agents, compounds 3 and 4 displayed not only antiseizure properties, but also collateral prominent analgesic properties. The in vitro binding study indicated that the plausible mechanism of action of chosen compound (4) was the influence on neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium (site 2) and L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Obniska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Wiklik-Poudel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Rybka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Łukawski K, Gryta P, Łuszczki J, Czuczwar SJ. Exploring the latest avenues for antiepileptic drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:369-82. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1154840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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127
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Quinlan SC, Cheng WY, Ishihara L, Irizarry MC, Holick CN, Duh MS. Development and validation of an algorithm for identifying urinary retention in a cohort of patients with epilepsy in a large US administrative claims database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25:413-21. [PMID: 26889887 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and validate an insurance claims-based algorithm for identifying urinary retention (UR) in epilepsy patients receiving antiepileptic drugs to facilitate safety monitoring. METHODS Data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database(SM) in 2008-2011 (retrospective) and 2012-2013 (prospective) were used to identify epilepsy patients with UR. During the retrospective phase, three algorithms identified potential UR: (i) UR diagnosis code with a catheterization procedure code; (ii) UR diagnosis code alone; or (iii) diagnosis with UR-related symptoms. Medical records for 50 randomly selected patients satisfying ≥1 algorithm were reviewed by urologists to ascertain UR status. Positive predictive value (PPV) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the three component algorithms and the overall algorithm (defined as satisfying ≥1 component algorithms). Algorithms were refined using urologist review notes. In the prospective phase, the UR algorithm was refined using medical records for an additional 150 cases. RESULTS In the retrospective phase, the PPV of the overall algorithm was 72.0% (95%CI: 57.5-83.8%). Algorithm 3 performed poorly and was dropped. Algorithm 1 was unchanged; urinary incontinence and cystitis were added as exclusionary diagnoses to Algorithm 2. The PPV for the modified overall algorithm was 89.2% (74.6-97.0%). In the prospective phase, the PPV for the modified overall algorithm was 76.0% (68.4-82.6%). Upon adding overactive bladder, nocturia and urinary frequency as exclusionary diagnoses, the PPV for the final overall algorithm was 81.9% (73.7-88.4%). CONCLUSIONS The current UR algorithm yielded a PPV > 80% and could be used for more accurate identification of UR among epilepsy patients in a large claims database.
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de Vries EE, van den Munckhof B, Braun KPJ, van Royen-Kerkhof A, de Jager W, Jansen FE. Inflammatory mediators in human epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:177-90. [PMID: 26877106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that investigated inflammatory mediators in human epilepsy. Studies reporting on inflammatory mediators in serum, cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue of epilepsy patients were included. Studies comparing patients to controls were included in a meta-analysis. RESULTS 66 articles reporting on 1934 patients were included. IL-1ra, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α were the most extensively investigated proteins. Elevated levels for IL-1ra, IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL8/IL-8 were reported in several different epilepsy etiologies and media, while other proteins were specifically increased for one etiology. IL-1α, IL-7 and IL-13, as well as the chemokines CCL2-5, -19 and -22, were increased exclusively in brain tissue. In an aggregate meta-analysis, we found significantly different protein levels for serum IL-6, IL-17 and CSF IL-1β and IL-10. CONCLUSION Inflammatory pathways are involved in epilepsy. Future studies may further clarify their role, and prove potential of targeted anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien E de Vries
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart van den Munckhof
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kees P J Braun
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkhof
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Sunkaraneni S, Kharidia J, Schutz R, Blum D, Cheng H. A Pharmacokinetic Study Comparing Eslicarbazepine Acetate Administered Orally as a Crushed or Intact Tablet in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2016; 5:278-84. [PMID: 27249205 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The relative bioequivalence of crushed versus intact eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) tablets (800 mg) administered orally in healthy adults was evaluated in an open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover study with a 5-day washout between treatments. Sample blood levels of eslicarbazepine and (R)-licarbazepine were determined; pharmacokinetic parameters were derived for eslicarbazepine. Bioequivalence was established if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean treatment ratios of eslicarbazepine AUC(0-∞) and Cmax were within the prespecified 80%-125% range. Twenty-seven subjects in the intent-to-treat population (n = 28) completed both treatment periods. Eslicarbazepine exposure measures were similar for crushed versus intact ESL tablets: average Cmax , 11 700 versus 11 500 ng/mL; AUC(0-∞) , 225 000 versus 234 000 ng·h/mL; AUC(0-last) , 222 000 versus 231 000 ng·h/mL, respectively. Geometric least squares mean ratios (90%CIs) comparing eslicarbazepine exposure measures were within the 80%-125% range (Cmax , 102.63% [97.07%-108.51%]; AUC(0-∞) , 96.72% [94.36%-99.13%]; AUC0-last , 96.69% [94.24%-99.21%]). In conclusion, ESL administered orally as a crushed tablet sprinkled on applesauce, or intact were bioequivalent in healthy subjects. Eslicarbazepine bioavailability was not significantly altered by crushing, indicating that ESL tablets can be administered intact or crushed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Blum
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA, USA
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Do traditional anti-seizure drugs have a future? A review of potential anti-seizure drugs in clinical development. Pharmacol Res 2016; 104:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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131
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Tao H, Si L, Zhou X, Liu Z, Ma Z, Zhou H, Zhong W, Cui L, Zhang S, Li Y, Ma G, Zhao J, Huang W, Yao L, Xu Z, Zhao B, Li K. Role of glyoxalase I gene polymorphisms in late-onset epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:200-6. [PMID: 27000251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that increased expression of glyoxalase I (GLO1) could result in epileptic seizures; thus, this study further explored the association of GLO1 with epilepsy from the perspective of molecular genetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS GLO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1130534, rs4746 and rs1049346) were investigated in cohort I (the initial samples: 249 cases and 289 controls). A replication study designed to confirm the positive findings in cohort I was performed in cohorts II (the additional samples: 130 cases and 191 controls) and I+II. RESULTS In cohorts I, II and I+II, the CC genotype at rs1049346 T>C exerts a protective effect against both late-onset epilepsy (odds ratio [OR]=2.437, p=0.013; OR=2.844, p=0.008; OR=2.645, p=0.000, q=0.003, respectively) and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) (OR=2.985, p=0.020; OR=2.943, p=0.014; OR=3.049, p=0.001, q=0.006, respectively). Further analyses in cohort I+II indicate that the presence of the TAC/AAT haplotypes (rs1130534-rs4746-rs1049346) may be used as a marker of predisposition to/protection against DRE (p=0.002, q=0.010; p=0.000, q=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that the GLO1 SNPs are significantly associated with epilepsy. In particular, the rs1049346 T>C SNPs are potentially useful for risk assessment of late-onset epilepsy and DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ligang Si
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - You Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Jianghao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zhien Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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Functionalized nanocarrier combined seizure-specific vector with P-glycoprotein modulation property for antiepileptic drug delivery. Biomaterials 2016; 74:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Franco V, French JA, Perucca E. Challenges in the clinical development of new antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Glauser T, Laurenza A, Yang H, Williams B, Ma T, Fain R. Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct perampanel based on number of antiepileptic drugs at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis. Epilepsy Res 2016; 119:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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135
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Rapacz A, Rybka S, Obniska J, Sałat K, Powroźnik B, Pękala E, Filipek B. Evaluation of anticonvulsant and antinociceptive properties of new N-Mannich bases derived from pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:339-48. [PMID: 26650502 PMCID: PMC4749642 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to examine anticonvulsant activity of new pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives in animal models of epilepsy. In addition, the possible collateral antinociceptive activity was assessed. Anticonvulsant activity was investigated in the electroconvulsive threshold (MEST) test and the pilocarpine-induced seizure models in mice. Antinociceptive activity was examined in the hot plate and the formalin tests in mice. Considering the drug safety evaluation, the Vibrio harveyi test was used to estimate anti/mutagenic activity. To determine the plausible mechanism of anticonvulsant action, for two chosen compounds (12 and 23), in vitro binding assays were carried out. All of the tested compounds revealed significant anticonvulsant activity in the MEST test. Compounds 12 and 23 displayed anticonvulsant effect also in pilocarpine-induced seizures. Four of the tested compounds (12, 13, 15, and 24) revealed analgesic activity in the hot plate test as well as in the first phase of the formalin test, and all of them were active in the second phase of the formalin test. The possible mechanism of action of compounds 12 and 23 is the influence on the neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium and L-type calcium channels. The obtained results indicate that in the group of pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, new anticonvulsants with collateral analgesic properties can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Sabina Rybka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Obniska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Powroźnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
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136
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Increased expression of copine VI in patients with refractory epilepsy and a rat model. J Neurol Sci 2015; 360:30-6. [PMID: 26723968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copine VI (CPNE6) is a member of copines family, a calcium-dependent phospholipids-binding protein group found in many diverse eukaryotic organisms. Although earlier studies have shown that CPNE6 is almost exclusively expressed in brain, the exact biological functions remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between epilepsy and CPNE6 expression. In present study, we investigated the expression pattern and distribution of CPNE6 in patients with refractory epilepsy and in a chronic pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that the expression of CPNE6 increased remarkably in epileptic patients and in experimental epileptic rats. Double immunofluorescence labeling studies have revealed that CPNE6 protein is mainly expressed in neurons, demonstrated by co-localization with the dendritic marker, MAP2. Our results are the first to indicate that the abnormal expression of the CPNE6 in epileptic brain tissue may play an important role in epilepsy, especially refractory epilepsy.
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137
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Abstract
Since the launch of our journal as Nature Clinical Practice Neurology in 2005, we have seen remarkable progress in many areas of neurology research, but what does the future hold? Will advances in basic research be translated into effective disease-modifying therapies, and will personalized medicine finally become a reality? For this special Viewpoint article, we invited a panel of Advisory Board members and other journal contributors to outline their research priorities and predictions in neurology for the next 10 years.
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138
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Chen Y, Huang XJ, Yu N, Xie Y, Zhang K, Wen F, Liu H, Di Q. HMGB1 Contributes to the Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Mouse Epileptic Brain through Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140918. [PMID: 26485677 PMCID: PMC4613137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the seizure-induced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression and the underlying mechanism. Kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse seizure model was used for in vivo experiments. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal saline control (NS) group, KA-induced epileptic seizure (EP) group, and EP group pretreated with HMGB1 (EP+HMGB1 group) or BoxA (HMGB1 antagonist, EP+BoxA group). Compared to the NS group, increased levels of HMGB1 and P-gp in the brain were observed in the EP group. Injection of HMGB1 before the induction of KA further increased the expression of P-gp while pre-treatment with BoxA abolished this up-regulation. Next, the regulatory role of HMGB1 and its potential involved signal pathways were investigated in mouse microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells in vitro. Cells were treated with HMGB1, HMGB1 plus lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) [toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist], HMGB1 plus FPS-ZM1 [receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) inhibitor], HMGB1 plus SN50 [nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor], or vehicle. Treatment with HMGB1 increased the expression levels of P-gp, TLR4, RAGE and the activation of NF-κB in bEnd.3 cells. These effects were inhibited by the pre-treatment with either LPS-RS or FPS-ZM1, and were abolished by the pre-treatment of SN50 or a combination treatment of both LPS-RS and FPS-ZM1. Luciferase reporter assays showed that exogenous expression of NF-κB p65 increased the promoter activity of multidrug resistance 1a (P-gp-encoding gene) in endothelial cells. These data indicate that HMGB1 contributes to the overexpression of P-gp in mouse epileptic brain tissues via activation of TLR4/RAGE receptors and the downstream transcription factor NF-κB in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qing Di
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Tanaka T, Yajima N, Tanitame A, Kiyoshi T, Miura Y. Discovery of benzothiazine derivatives as novel, orally-active anti-epileptic drug candidates with broad anticonvulsant effect. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4518-21. [PMID: 26364945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop novel anti-epileptic drugs that are effective for both general and partial seizure, we conducted in vivo screening of our chemical library in the mice MES and sc-PTZ models and found the benzothiazine 1 as lead compound. Optimization of this compound led to the discovery of compound 7b, which showed potent anticonvulsant effect in the MES, scPTZ and rat amygdala kindling models. Since the chemical structure of 7b is different from that of any existing AED, it is suggested that 7b may have unique mechanism of action for relieving both partial and generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan.
| | - Nana Yajima
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanitame
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kiyoshi
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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140
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Alsharafi WA, Xiao B, Abuhamed MM, Luo Z. miRNAs: biological and clinical determinants in epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:59. [PMID: 26528124 PMCID: PMC4602137 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be crucial modulators in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of epilepsies. To date, several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be significantly expressed in the epileptic tissues and strongly associated with the development of epilepsy. Specifically, miRNAs regulate synaptic strength, inflammation, neuronal and glial function, ion channels, and apoptosis. Furthermore, peripheral blood miRNAs can also be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers to assess disease risk and treatment responses. Here, we will summarize the recent available literature regarding the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy. Moreover, we will provide brief insight into the potential of miRNA as diagnostic biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Alsharafi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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Zhang Y, Seeburg DP, Pulli B, Wojtkiewicz GR, Bure L, Atkinson W, Schob S, Iwamoto Y, Ali M, Zhang W, Rodriguez E, Milewski A, Keliher EJ, Wang C, Pan Y, Swirski FK, Chen JW. Myeloperoxidase Nuclear Imaging for Epileptogenesis. Radiology 2015; 278:822-30. [PMID: 26397127 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in epileptogenesis and if molecular nuclear imaging can be used to noninvasively map inflammatory changes in epileptogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal and human studies were approved by the institutional review boards. Pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice were treated with 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (n = 46), a specific irreversible MPO inhibitor, or saline (n = 42). Indium-111-bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate was used to image brain MPO activity (n = 6 in the 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide and saline groups; n = 5 in the sham group) by using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. The role of MPO in the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures was assessed by means of clinical symptoms and biochemical and histopathologic data. Human brain specimens from a patient with epilepsy and a patient without epilepsy were stained for MPO. The Student t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Differences were regarded as significant if P was less than .05. RESULTS MPO and leukocytes increased in the brain during epileptogenesis (P < .05). Blocking MPO delayed spontaneous recurrent seizures (99.6 vs 142 hours, P = .016), ameliorated the severity of spontaneous recurrent seizures (P < .05), and inhibited mossy fiber sprouting (Timm index, 0.31 vs 0.03; P = .003). Matrix metalloproteinase activity was upregulated during epileptogenesis in an MPO-dependent manner (1.44 vs 0.94 U/mg, P = .049), suggesting that MPO acts upstream of matrix metalloproteinases. MPO activity was mapped during epileptogenesis in vivo in the hippocampal regions. Resected temporal lobe tissue from a human patient with refractory epilepsy but not the temporal lobe tissue from a patient without seizures demonstrated positive MPO immunostaining, suggesting high translational potential for this imaging technology. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight an important role for MPO in epileptogenesis and show MPO to be a potential therapeutic target and imaging biomarker for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinian Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Daniel P Seeburg
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Benjamin Pulli
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Lionel Bure
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Wendy Atkinson
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Stefan Schob
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Elisenda Rodriguez
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Andrew Milewski
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Edmund J Keliher
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Cuihua Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Yawen Pan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
| | - John W Chen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Y.Z., Y.P.); Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 (Y.Z., D.P.S., B.P., G.R.W., L.B., W.A., S.S., Y.I., M.A., E.R., A.M., E.J.K., C.W., F.K.S., J.W.C.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (W.Z.)
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142
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Nie Y, Zhong M, Gao Y, Ding F, Li H, Zhang Y, He X. Synthesis and potential anticonvulsant activity of new 5,5-cyclopropanespirohydantoin derivatives. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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143
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Association of Tag SNPs and Rare CNVs of the MIR155HG/miR-155 Gene with Epilepsy in the Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:837213. [PMID: 26425555 PMCID: PMC4575730 DOI: 10.1155/2015/837213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-155 likely acts as an important modulator in the inflammatory mechanism of epilepsy, and this study investigated its association with epilepsy from the perspective of molecular genetics. METHODS This study enrolled 249 epileptic patients and 289 healthy individuals of the Chinese Han population; 4 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs969885, rs12483428, rs987195, and rs4817027) of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene were selected, and their association with epilepsy was investigated. Additionally, this study determined the copy numbers of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene. RESULTS The TCA haplotype (rs12483428-rs987195-rs4817027) and the AA genotype at rs4817027 conferred higher vulnerability to epilepsy in males. Stratification by age of onset revealed that the CC haplotype (rs969885-rs987195) was a genetic susceptibility factor for early-onset epilepsy. Further stratification by drug-resistant status indicated the CC haplotype (rs969885-rs987195) and the AA genotype at rs4817027 were genetic susceptibility factors for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) but the CG haplotype (rs987195-rs969885) was a genetically protective factor against DRE. Besides, 3 epileptic patients with copy number variants of the MIR155HG/miR-155 gene were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study first demonstrates the association of MIR155HG/miR-155 tag SNPs with epilepsy and shows that rare CNVs were found exclusively in epileptic patients, clarifying the genetic role of miR-155 in epilepsy.
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144
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Kamiński K, Zagaja M, Łuszczki JJ, Rapacz A, Andres-Mach M, Latacz G, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant activity of new hybrid compounds derived from 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamides and 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamides. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5274-86. [PMID: 26052884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The library of 27 new 1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)- or 1-(morpholin-4-yl)-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamides and (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamides as potential new hybrid anticonvulsant agents was synthesized. These hybrid molecules join the chemical fragments of well-known antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as ethosuximide, levetiracetam, and lacosamide. Compounds 5, 10, 11, and 24 displayed the broad spectra of activity across the preclinical seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test, and the six-hertz (6 Hz) model of pharmacoresistant limbic seizures. The highest protection was demonstrated by 11 (ED50 MES = 88.4 mg/kg, ED50 scPTZ = 59.9 mg/kg, ED50 6 Hz = 21.0 mg/kg). This molecule did not impair the motor coordination of animals in the chimney test even at high doses (TD50 > 1500 mg/kg), yielding superb protective indexes (PI MES > 16.97, PI PTZ > 25.04, PI 6 Hz > 71.43). As a result, 11 displayed distinctly better safety profile than clinically relevant AEDs ethosuximide, lacosamide, or valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kamiński
- †Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- ‡Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- ‡Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.,§Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- ∥Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- ‡Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- ⊥Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- ⊥Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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145
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Pańczyk K, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H. Cinnamamide Derivatives for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders--A Review of Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1302-25. [PMID: 26083325 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cinnamamide scaffold has been incorporated in to the structure of numerous organic compounds with therapeutic potential. The scaffold enables multiple interactions, such as hydrophobic, dipolar, and hydrogen bonding, with important molecular targets. Additionally, the scaffold has multiple substitution options providing the opportunity to optimize and modify the pharmacological activity of the derivatives. In particular, cinnamamide derivatives have exhibited therapeutic potential in animal models of both central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Some have undergone clinical trials and were introduced on to the pharmaceutical market. The diverse activities observed in the nervous system included anticonvulsant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Over the last decade, research has focused on the molecular mechanisms of action of these derivatives, and the data reported in the literature include targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, voltage-gated potassium channels, histone deacetylases (HDACs), prostanoid receptors, opioid receptors, and histamine H3 receptors. Here, the literature data from reports evaluating cinnamic acid amide derivatives for activity in target-based or phenotypic assays, both in vivo and in vitro, relevant to disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems are analyzed and structure-activity relationships discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland).
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
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Lerche H, Daniluk J, Lotay N, DeRossett S, Edwards S, Brandt C. Efficacy and safety of ezogabine/retigabine as adjunctive therapy to specified single antiepileptic medications in an open-label study of adults with partial-onset seizures. Seizure 2015. [PMID: 26216692 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess efficacy/tolerability of ezogabine (EZG)/retigabine (RTG) in combination with specified monotherapy antiepileptic drug (AED) treatments in adults with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures using a flexible dosing regimen. METHODS NCT01227902 was an open-label, uncontrolled study of flexibly dosed EZG/RTG. Adults with partial-onset seizures must have been taking either carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine (CBZ/OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), or valproic acid (VPA). The study comprised a screening/baseline phase, a 4-week titration phase (initiation on 150mg/day [50mg three times daily (TID)] with weekly increases of 150mg/day [50mg TID] over 4 weeks to 600mg/day), and a flexible dose evaluation (FDE) phase (optional weekly dose changes of 50-150mg/day, to an optimal daily dosage [300-1200mg/day]). The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage of patients experiencing a ≥50% reduction from baseline in partial seizure frequency (responder rate) during the treatment phase (titration and FDE phases). Safety and tolerability were also assessed. RESULTS Patients (N=203) were enrolled and received ≥1 dose of EZG/RTG. The dose of EZG/RTG prescribed most frequently during the treatment phase was 600mg/day for all AED groups. Responder rates during the treatment phase were: 40.0% (CBZ/OXC), 32.0% (LTG), 50.0% (LEV), and 56.9% (VPA). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 82% (CBZ/OXC), 76% (LTG), 73% (LEV), and 67% (VPA) of patients; most were of mild-to-moderate intensity. CONCLUSIONS EZG/RTG was effective as adjunctive therapy to CBZ/OXC, LTG, LEV, and VPA, using a flexible dosing regimen, in adults with partial-onset seizures; safety and tolerability were consistent with that previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jerzy Daniluk
- Neurosciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 980 Great West Rd, Brentford, TW8 9GS, UK.
| | - Narinder Lotay
- Neurosciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 1-3 Iron Bridge Road, Uxbridge, UB11 1BT, UK.
| | - Sarah DeRossett
- Neurosciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA(3).
| | - Suzanne Edwards
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Christian Brandt
- Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Mara Hospital, Maraweg 21, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
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López-Cuevas A, Castillo-Toledo B, Medina-Ceja L, Ventura-Mejía C. State and parameter estimation of a neural mass model from electrophysiological signals during the status epilepticus. Neuroimage 2015; 113:374-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Gidal BE, Laurenza A, Hussein Z, Yang H, Fain R, Edelstein J, Kumar D, Ferry J. Perampanel efficacy and tolerability with enzyme-inducing AEDs in patients with epilepsy. Neurology 2015; 84:1972-80. [PMID: 25878177 PMCID: PMC4433458 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact of concomitant enzyme (CYP3A4)-inducer antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) on the efficacy and safety of perampanel in patients from the 3 phase-III clinical trials. METHODS Patients with pharmacoresistant partial-onset seizures in the 3 phase-III clinical studies were aged 12 years and older and receiving 1 to 3 concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Following 6-week baseline, patients were randomized to once-daily, double-blind treatment with placebo or perampanel 8 or 12 mg (studies 304 and 305) or placebo or perampanel 2, 4, or 8 mg (study 306). RESULTS Treatment response assessed by median percent reduction in seizure frequency and responder rates improved with perampanel compared with placebo. However, at 8 and 12 mg, the treatment response was significantly greater in patients receiving non-EIAEDs. The treatment effect (perampanel-placebo) also demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in all patients. The overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar regardless of the presence of EIAEDs. Occurrence of some adverse events, such as fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, irritability, was greater in patients receiving non-EIAEDs, as was discontinuation because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Perampanel shows efficacy and safety in the presence and absence of EIAEDs. As systemic exposure to perampanel increases, so does efficacy. Given the extensive metabolism of perampanel, systemic exposure is clearly reduced with concomitant administration of CYP3A4 inducers. This supports the strategy of dosing perampanel to clinical effect. Recognition of these pharmacokinetic interactions will be important in the optimization of this novel medication. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that 2 to 12 mg/d doses of perampanel reduced seizure frequency and improved responder rate in the presence and absence of EIAEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Gidal
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY.
| | - Antonio Laurenza
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Ziad Hussein
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Haichen Yang
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Randi Fain
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Jacob Edelstein
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
| | - Jim Ferry
- From the School of Pharmacy (B.E.G.), University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (A.L., J.F., H.Y., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; Eisai Ltd. (Z.H.), Hatfield, UK; Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs (R.F.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ; and formerly of Sui Generis Health (J.E.), New York, NY
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149
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Kowski AB, Holtkamp M. Electrically induced limbic seizures: preliminary findings in a rodent model. J Exp Neurosci 2015; 9:7-14. [PMID: 25861223 PMCID: PMC4376203 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In epilepsy, novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches are commonly assessed in model systems of acute motor and often generalized seizures. We developed a rodent model with short-term electrical stimulation of the perforant path resulting in stereotyped limbic seizures. Limbic structures play a major role in human intractable epilepsy. In 10 rats, single electrical 5-second and 20-Hz stimuli to the perforant path reliably produced limbic seizures characterized by resting behavior and subtle motor signs. Electrophysiological recordings from the dentate gyrus demonstrated a seizure pattern with 4-Hz to 5-Hz discharges. Multiple inductions of seizures within 72 hours did not alter behavioral and electrophysiological seizure characteristics. Electrophysiological excitatory and inhibitory parameters assessed by evoked single and paired pulses did not change with increasing number of seizures. We present preliminary findings on a new model of electrically induced limbic seizures of mesiotemporal origin. This model may represent a reliable screening tool for new treatment approaches such as deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Kowski
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Holtkamp
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy-Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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150
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Jacobson MP, Pazdera L, Bhatia P, Grinnell T, Cheng H, Blum D. Efficacy and safety of conversion to monotherapy with eslicarbazepine acetate in adults with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures: a historical-control phase III study. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:46. [PMID: 25880756 PMCID: PMC4397697 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL, Aptiom®) is a once-daily (QD) anticonvulsant, approved as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures (POS). It is extensively converted after oral administration to eslicarbazepine, and is believed to exert its effect through inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels. The possible role of ESL as monotherapy to treat POS has not yet been established. Methods This study was an 18-week, multicenter, randomized double-blind trial of gradual conversion to ESL monotherapy in adults with POS not well controlled by 1–2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), using historical data as the control. The study comprised an 8-week baseline period, a 2-week titration period, a 6-week AED conversion period, a 10-week monotherapy period, and either a 1-week taper period or optional entry to an open-label extension study. The primary endpoint compared the Kaplan–Meier (KM)-estimated 112-day exit rate with a threshold value calculated from the historical controls. Results There were 172 randomized patients; 154 (90%) entered the AED conversion period and 121 (70%) completed the study. The KM-estimated exit rates [confidence interval (CI)] were 15.6% [8.1–28.7%] for ESL 1200 mg, and 12.8% [7.5–21.5%] for ESL 1600 mg. The upper limits of the 95% CI KM-estimates were below the pre-specified threshold for historical control of 65.3%, indicating that ESL was efficacious in reducing seizure-related exits, compared with historical control. During the 18-week double-blind treatment period, median reductions in standardized seizure frequency occurred with ESL 1200 mg (36.1%) and ESL 1600 mg (47.5%). The responder rates (a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency from baseline) during the 18-week double-blind period and the monotherapy period, respectively, were 35.2% and 38.9% for ESL 1200 mg, and 46.0% and 46.0% for ESL 1600 mg. The overall adverse event profile was consistent with the known safety profile of ESL. Conclusions These findings indicate that ESL monotherapy (1200 and 1600 mg QD) was efficacious and well tolerated in this study. Trial registration NCT01091662; EudraCT No. 2010-018684-42. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0305-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes P Jacobson
- Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ladislav Pazdera
- CTC Rychnov nad Kněznou s.r.o, Rychnov nad Kneznou, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Todd Grinnell
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
| | - Hailong Cheng
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
| | - David Blum
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
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