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Total Nut, Tree Nut, and Peanut Consumption and Metabolic Status in Southern Italian Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041847. [PMID: 33672852 PMCID: PMC7918537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nut consumption has been associated with cardio-metabolic health benefits. However, studies conducted in the Southern Italian population, where adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported being relatively high, are rather scarce. The aim of this study was to test the association between consumption of total and specific types of nuts and metabolic status among adults living in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 2044 adults living in Southern Italy were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between nut consumption and metabolic status adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The energy-adjusted model revealed that higher nut intake was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the association did not remain significant for the latter after adjusting for the main background characteristics, while an inverse association was stably confirmed for hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.80 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.74, respectively) even after adjusting for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among individual nut types, most of the associations were null except for higher almond intake, which was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99). Conclusions: Higher nut consumption is associated with overall better metabolic status in individuals living in the Mediterranean area.
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The Effect of Nut Consumption on Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic and Gastrointestinal Health in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020454. [PMID: 33430029 PMCID: PMC7827804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts and ground nuts are nutrient-rich foods known to improve human health when consumed regularly in the diet. Past observational studies suggest that nuts improve adult and child health; however, limited randomized control trials (RCTs) have assessed the health effects of nuts in children. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the effect of nut intake on health outcomes in children aged 8–18 years. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify RCTs of interest. A total of 5783 articles were identified, 4821 were screened by title and abstract and 37 by full text resulting in four articles that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Nut consumption was between 15 and 30 g with durations of between 3 and 16 weeks. Nut consumption was shown to improve children’s diet quality (increase children’s intake of essential nutrients including fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats), protein and fiber), there were inconsistent effects on biomarkers of cardiometabolic health (improve lipid profiles, microvascular reactivity and inflammation) and gastrointestinal health (increase in the proportion of beneficial fecal bacteria). Further studies exploring the broad health benefits of nuts in children are needed with consideration given to higher doses and longer intervention periods.
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103
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Effect of a nut-enriched low-calorie diet on body weight and selected markers of inflammation in overweight and obese stable coronary artery disease patients: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1099-1108. [PMID: 33420472 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Weight loss through a low-calorie diet (LCD) could improve low-grade inflammation evident in the obese state. Few studies have evaluated the effect of the mixed nuts consumption in the context of a LCD on inflammatory biomarkers. This study compared the effects of a nut-enriched LCD (NELCD) with a nut-free LCD (NFLCD) on body weight and inflammatory markers in overweight or obese coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. SUBJECTS/METHOD In this randomized controlled parallel trial, patients with stable CAD of both genders were randomly allocated to 8-week NELCD or NFLCD. Body weight, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS Overall, 67 patients (aged 58.8 ± 7.4 years; BMI 30.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2) completed the study. Participants in both groups lost weight to a comparable extent. Patients in the NELCD group showed a decrease in ICAM-1 (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.02) concentrations compared to NFLCD group. No significant difference in concentrations of MCP-1, IL-10, or CRP was observed between diet groups. CONCLUSIONS Nuts are healthy energy-dense foods that if included in controlled amounts in a weight management program can still result in weight reduction and may improve some plasma concentration of inflammatory factors, such as ICAM-1 and IL-6.
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104
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Theodore LE, Kellow NJ, McNeil EA, Close EO, Coad EG, Cardoso BR. Nut Consumption for Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:777-792. [PMID: 33330927 PMCID: PMC8166568 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is considered an important modifiable lifestyle factor capable of attenuating early cognitive changes in healthy older people. The inclusion of nuts in the diet has been investigated as a dietary strategy for maintenance of brain health across the lifespan. This review aimed to present up-to-date evidence regarding the association between nut intake and cognitive performance. Four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, and Embase) were systematically searched from inception to April 2020. Eligible articles were interventional or observational studies in humans aged ≥18 y that measured the effects (or association) of nuts (almond, hazelnut, macadamia, pistachio, walnut, pecan, pine nut, Brazil nut, cashew, peanut) on cognitive outcomes. Out of the 2374 articles identified in the searches, 22 involving 43,793 participants met the criteria and were ultimately included in this review. Memory (immediate and delayed), attention, processing speed, executive function, and visual-spatial ability, as well as risk of mild cognitive impairment, were the outcomes investigated. Lack of consistency across the studies regarding study design, types of nut used, and cognitive outcomes measured resulted in inconsistent evidence that the regular consumption of mixed nuts has a protective effect on cognition in adults of different ages. Nonetheless, we observed that studies targeting populations with a higher risk of cognitive decline tended to find a more favorable outcome. Furthermore, homogeneous findings were observed in the studies that specifically addressed the association between walnut consumption and cognitive performance: out of the 6 studies, including 2 randomized controlled trials, only 1 did not find a positive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Theodore
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily A McNeil
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evangeline O Close
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliza G Coad
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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105
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Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Tree Nuts and Peanuts as a Source of Natural Antioxidants in our Daily Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1898-1916. [PMID: 32186272 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200318125620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts are healthy foods with a proven track record of helping to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, most notably cardiovascular disease. At the point of consumption, all nuts contain low moisture and ≥ 50% lipid contents, but this is where similarities end. The levels of key nutrients and bioactives including vitamin C, vitamin E, L-arginine, minerals (such as selenium and zinc), and phenolics can differ markedly. Distinctions in the types and quantities of phenolic constituents for tree nut species, as well as the impact of digestion, will affect the nuts' antioxidant potential in vivo. This work provides some insight into the different types of phenolics found in tree nuts and peanuts, the antioxidant potential of their phenolic extracts using in vitro chemical assays, the effect of thermal processing on the stability of the nuts' endogenous phenolics, and the impact on biomarkers of human health arising from randomized clinical trials. Key biomarkers include measures in the reduction of LDL oxidation as well as increases in the levels of vitamin E and selected phenolic compounds in blood plasma postprandially from those of baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ronald B Pegg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, United States
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106
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Roncero JM, Álvarez-Ortí M, Pardo-Giménez A, Rabadán A, Pardo JE. Review about Non-Lipid Components and Minor Fat-Soluble Bioactive Compounds of Almond Kernel. Foods 2020; 9:E1646. [PMID: 33187330 PMCID: PMC7697880 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a bibliographic review about almond kernel non-lipid components, in particular about the protein fraction, the carbohydrates and the mineral fraction. In addition, other fat-soluble phytochemicals which are present in minor concentrations but show important antioxidant activities are reviewed. Almond kernel is a rich protein food (8.4-35.1%), in which the globulin-albumin fraction dominates, followed by glutelins and prolamins. Within the almond kernel protein profile, amandine dominates. Free amino acids represent a small amount of the total nitrogen quantity, highlighting the presence of glutamic acid and aspartic acid, followed by arginine. Carbohydrates that appear in almond kernels (14-28%) are soluble sugars (mainly sucrose), starch and other polysaccharides such as cellulose and non-digestible hemicelluloses. Regarding the mineral elements, potassium is the most common, followed by phosphorus; both macronutrients represent more than 70% of the total mineral fraction, without taking into account nitrogen. Microminerals include sodium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Within the phytochemical compounds, tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, stanols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols and volatile compounds can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Roncero
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.Á.-O.); (A.R.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Ortí
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.Á.-O.); (A.R.); (J.E.P.)
| | - Arturo Pardo-Giménez
- Mushroom Research, Experimentation and Service Centre, C/Peñicas, s/n, Apartado 63, Quintanar del Rey, 16220 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Adrián Rabadán
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.Á.-O.); (A.R.); (J.E.P.)
| | - José E. Pardo
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.Á.-O.); (A.R.); (J.E.P.)
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Abstract
Polyphenols constitute a diverse array of naturally occurring secondary metabolites found in plants which, when consumed, have been shown to promote human health. Greater consumption may therefore aid in the fight against diseases such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc. Tree bark is polyphenol-rich and has potential to be used in food supplements. However, it is important to gain insight into the polyphenol profile of different barks to select the material with greatest concentration and diversity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was coupled with an ion mobility time-of-flight high-definition/high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-HDMSE) to profile ethanol extracts of three common tree barks (Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur) alongside a commercial reference (Pycnogenol® extracted from Pinus pinaster). Through the use of Progenesis QI informatics software, 35 high scoring components with reported significance to health were tentatively identified across the three bark extracts following broadly the profile of Pycnogenol®. Scots Pine had generally higher compound abundances than in the other two extracts. Oak bark extract showed the lowest abundances but exhibited higher amounts of naringenin and 3-O-methylrosmarinic acid. We conclude that forestry bark waste provides a rich source of extractable polyphenols suitable for use in food supplements and so can valorise this forestry waste stream.
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108
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Prabhakar H, Sharma S, Kong F. Effects of Postharvest Handling and Storage on Pecan Quality. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1817066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Prabhakar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, US
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, US
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, US
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Hussein AM, Fouda K, Mehaya FM, Mohamed DA, Mohammad AA, Abdelgayed SS, Mohamed RS. Fortified vegetarian milk for prevention of metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on hepatic and vascular complications. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04593. [PMID: 32793828 PMCID: PMC7413996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a gathering of various metabolic disorders, for example, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The present research was conducted to prepare fortified almond milk as functional beverages and evaluate their protective effect against MetS and associated hepatic and vascular complications. Three beverages (I, II, and III) were prepared by fortification almond milk with carrot juice or powder of quinoa seeds and carrot juice or oat powder and banana juice. The sensory attributes, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds (total phenolic, beta-carotene, tocopherols) and B-complex vitamins were determined in the beverages. In-vitro antioxidant activity of the beverages was assessed. MetS was induced in rats via feeding on high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The biochemical (lipid profile, oxidative stress, liver, and kidney functions), nutritional and histopathological parameters were assessed in rats. The beverage I recorded the highest sensory attributes' scores. The physicochemical properties of the beverages revealed that acidity and viscosity of all beverages ranged from 4.55 to 4.88 and from 40 to 59, respectively. The beverage I showed the highest content of alpha-tocopherol (14.994 μg/g) and beta-carotene (104.541 μg/g), while the beverage II showed the highest content of gamma-tocopherol (0.557 μg/g), folic acid (0.806 μg/g), and total phenols (147.43 μg GAE/g). The results of animals revealed that the beverage II was the most promising in attenuation levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Also, the beverage II was the superior in the protection of the liver and heart tissues as reflected by the histopathological examination findings. So, it can be concluded that the newly prepared almond milk with quinoa seeds and carrot juice could be used as an effective functional beverage for the prevention of MetS and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karem Fouda
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fathy M. Mehaya
- Food Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha A. Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sherein S. Abdelgayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha S. Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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110
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Studied of Prunus serotine oil extracted by cold pressing and antioxidant effect of P. longiflora essential oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:1420-1429. [PMID: 33746270 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prunus serotine oil, was extracted from the seeds without shells, resulting in an oil yield of 23.41 ± 3.62%. Through GC it was shown that 52.38% of the total fatty acids present in the oil were polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids profile presented in the P. serotine oil were oleic (41.42%), linoleic (26.97%) and α-eleostearic acid (25.33%). It had a high concentration of total phenols (221 ± 15.85 mg as gallic acid equivalents/kg oil) and flavonoids (0.77 ± 0.01 mg catechin equivalents/kg oil). The antiradical activity was 31.52 ± 2.71% and 12.94 ± 0.67% of radical inhibition for colorimetric methods using ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), respectively. The activity inhibition was 2.3 (ABTS) and 1.8 (DPPH) times higher, respectively, than the ones of Prunus dulcis oil. Lipid oxidation showed that at day nine, P. serotine oil has it maximum hydroperoxide production through two methods (hydroperoxide and MDA). Three oregano fractions were added (code: 642, 655 and A01) as natural antioxidants at four different concentrations (3000, 300, 30 and 3 ppm) each one, to extend its shelf life. Fraction 642 managed to extend its shelf life until day 30 (30 °C ± 2 °C), in both methodologies. The fraction 642 at 3 ppm, controls the production of hydroperoxide formation. Resulting in values of 3.65 µM equivalents of cumene hydroperoxide/kg of oil and 10.29 µM equivalents of 1,1,3,3-Tetraethoxypropane/kg of oil, decreasing by 3.2 times the peroxide formation with respect to P. serotine oil without leaving a Poliomintha longiflora fraction.
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111
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Goszkiewicz A, Kołodziejczyk E, Ratajczyk F. Comparison of microwave and convection method of roasting sunflower seeds and its effect on sensory quality, texture and physicochemical characteristics. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2020.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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112
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Villasante J, Martin-Lujano A, Almajano MP. Characterization and Application of Gelatin Films with Pecan Walnut and Shell Extract ( Carya illinoiensis). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1424. [PMID: 32604735 PMCID: PMC7362019 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds that come from natural products are a good option for minimizing lipid oxidation. It should be noted that these are not only introduced directly into the food, but also incorporated into edible biofilms. In contact with food, they extend its useful life by avoiding contact with other surface and preventing deterioration air, one of the main objectives. In particular, gelatin is a biopolymer that has a great potential due to its abundance, low cost and good film-forming capacity. The aim of this study has been to design and analyse gelatin films that incorporate bioactive compounds that come from the walnut and a by-product, the walnut shell. The results showed that mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the developed films varied depending on the concentration of the walnut, shell and synthetic antioxidant. With increasing walnut concentration (15%) the permeability to water vapor (0.414 g·mm/m2·day·Pascal, g·mm/m2·day·Pa) was significantly lower than the control (5.0368 g·mm/m2·day·Pa). Furthermore, in the new films the elongation at the break and Young's modulus decrease by six times with respect to the control. Films with pure gelatin cannot act as an antioxidant shield to prevent food oxidation, but adding pecan walnut (15% concentration) presents 30% inhibition of the DPPH stable radical. Furthermore, in the DSC, the addition of walnut (15 and 9% concentrations), showed the formation of big crystals; which could improve the thermal stability of gelatin films. The use of new gelatin films has shown good protection against the oxidation of beef patties, increasing the useful lifetime up to nine days, compared to the control (3-4 days), which opens up a big field to the commercialization of meat products with lower quantities of synthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.V.); (A.M.-L.)
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113
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Sharif Y, Sadeghi O, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Legume and Nuts Consumption in Relation to Odds of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:750-759. [PMID: 32475175 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1773874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between legume and nuts intake and risk of breast cancer have mainly been focused on individual components of legume or nuts, rather than consumption of the whole food group. This study aimed to investigate the relation between legume and nuts intake in relation to breast cancer in Iranian women. In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated block-format 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Legume intake was computed by summing up the consumption of lentils, peas, chickpeas, and different kinds of beans, including red beans and pinto beans. To calculate nuts consumption, we summed up intake of mixed nuts, almond, peanut, walnut and hazelnut. Data on potential confounding variables were also collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Mean consumption of legume and nuts among cases and controls were 14.7 ± 15.0 and 2.3 ± 5.6, respectively. A significant inverse association was found between legume intake and breast cancer (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.57); such that after adjusting for confounders, participants in the top tertile of legume intake had 46% lower odds of breast cancer compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.88). Such inverse association was seen among postmenopausal women (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) and also among normal-weight participants (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82). In terms of nuts intake, it was inversely associated with odds of breast cancer (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23). This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09-0.26). The same association was also seen in premenopausal women (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.31), postmenopausal women (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.42), normal-weight (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08-0.28), and overweight or obese people (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.71). Our findings on the inverse association of legume and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer support the current recommendations on these foods. Prospective studies are needed to further examine this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Sharif
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Maestri D, Cittadini MC, Bodoira R, Martínez M. Tree Nut Oils: Chemical Profiles, Extraction, Stability, and Quality Concerns. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Cittadini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - Romina Bodoira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy S/n – Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
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115
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Guo W, Chen J, Li J, Huang J, Wang Z, Lim KJ. Portal of Juglandaceae: A comprehensive platform for Juglandaceae study. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:35. [PMID: 32194971 PMCID: PMC7072074 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Juglandaceae species are plants of great economic value and have been cultivated, domesticated, and utilized by human society for a long time. Their edible, nutrient-rich nuts and tough, durable wood have attracted the attention of botanists and breeders. With the advent of the genomics era, genome sequencing of the Juglandaceae family has been greatly accelerated, and a large amount of data has been generated. In this paper, we introduce the Portal of Juglandaceae (PJU), a tool to bring all these data together. The PJU contains genomes, gene-coding sequences, protein sequences, various types of annotation information, expression data, and miRNA data, which are configured with BLAST, JBrowse, and our self-developed synteny analysis tool. The PJU has a user-friendly and straightforward interface that performs a variety of query tasks with a few simple operations. In the future, we hope that the PJU will serve as a hub for the study of the Juglandaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Junhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Lorenzon dos Santos J, Schaan de Quadros A, Weschenfelder C, Bueno Garofallo S, Marcadenti A. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Nut-Related Antioxidants, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030682. [PMID: 32138220 PMCID: PMC7146201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is related to fat accumulation in the arterial walls and vascular stiffening, and results in acute coronary syndrome which is commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of food sources of dietary antioxidants, such as different kinds of nuts, may improve biomarkers related to oxidative stress, contributing to a possible reduction in atherosclerosis progression. This article has briefly highlighted the interaction between oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to the effect of the consumption of different nuts and related dietary antioxidants—like polyphenols and vitamin E—on biomarkers of oxidative stress in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Studies in vitro suggest that nuts may exert antioxidant effects by DNA repair mechanisms, lipid peroxidation prevention, modulation of the signaling pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK pathways through the suppression of NF-κB and activation of the Nrf2 pathways. Studies conducted in animal models showed the ability of dietary nuts in improving biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as oxLDL and GPx. However, clinical trials in humans have not been conclusive, especially with regards to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lorenzon dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Alexandre Schaan de Quadros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Silvia Bueno Garofallo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
- HCor Research Institute, Coracao Hospital (IP-HCor), Abílio Soares Street, 250, 04004-05 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-3053-6611 (ext. 3558)
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González-Domínguez R, Urpi-Sarda M, Jáuregui O, Needs PW, Kroon PA, Andrés-Lacueva C. Quantitative Dietary Fingerprinting (QDF)-A Novel Tool for Comprehensive Dietary Assessment Based on Urinary Nutrimetabolomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1851-1861. [PMID: 30799616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate dietary assessment is a challenge in nutritional research, needing powerful and robust tools for reliable measurement of food intake biomarkers. In this work, we have developed a novel quantitative dietary fingerprinting (QDF) approach, which enables for the first time the simultaneous quantitation of about 350 urinary food-derived metabolites, including (poly)phenolic aglycones, phase II metabolites, and microbial-transformed compounds, as well as other compounds (e.g., glucosinolates, amino acid derivatives, methylxanthines, alkaloids, and markers of alcohol and tobacco consumption). This method was fully validated for 220 metabolites, yielding good linearity, high sensitivity and precision, accurate recovery rates, and negligible matrix effects. Furthermore, 127 additional phase II metabolites were also included in this method after identification in urines collected from acute dietary interventions with various foods. Thus, this metabolomic approach represents one-step further toward precision nutrition and the objective of improving the accurateness and comprehensiveness in the assessment of dietary patterns and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Scientific and Technological Center of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Paul W Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA , United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA , United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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Ghisoni S, Lucini L, Rocchetti G, Chiodelli G, Farinelli D, Tombesi S, Trevisan M. Untargeted metabolomics with multivariate analysis to discriminate hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars and their geographical origin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:500-508. [PMID: 31435948 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study a metabolomics-based approach was used to discriminate among different hazelnut cultivars and to trace their geographical origins. Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS) was used to profile phenolic and sterolic compounds. RESULTS Compounds were identified against an in-house database using accurate monoisotopic mass and isotopic patterns. The screening approach was designed to discern 15 hazelnut cultivars and to discriminate among the geographical origins of six cultivars from the four main growing regions (Chile, Georgia, Italy, and Turkey). This approach allowed more than 1000 polyphenols and sterols to be annotated. The metabolomics data were elaborated with both unsupervised (hierarchical clustering) and supervised (orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) statistics. These multivariate statistical tools allowed hazelnut samples to be discriminated, considering both 'cultivar type' and 'geographical origin'. Flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavanols and flavonols - VIP scores 1.34-1.49), phenolic acids (mainly hydroxycinnamics - VIP scores 1.35-1.55) together with cholesterol, ergosterol, and stigmasterol derivatives (VIP scores 1.34-1.49) were the best markers to discriminate samples according to geographical origin. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates the potential of untargeted profiling of phenolics and sterols based on UHPLC-ESI/QTOF mass spectrometry to discriminate hazelnut and support authenticity and origin. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghisoni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiodelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Farinelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department for Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Bodoira R, Maestri D. Phenolic Compounds from Nuts: Extraction, Chemical Profiles, and Bioactivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:927-942. [PMID: 31910006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuts contain a vast array of phenolic compounds having important biological properties. They include substances allocated into the five major groups named phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic lignans, and stilbene derivatives. The complexity in composition does not allow for setting a universal extraction procedure suitable for extraction of all nut phenolics. The use of non-conventional extraction techniques, such as those based on microwave, ultrasound, and compressed fluids, combined with generally recognized as safe solvents is gaining major interest. With regard to the latter, ethanol, water, and ethanol-water mixtures have proven to be effective as extracting solvents and allow for clean, safe, and low-cost extraction operations. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in biological properties of natural phenolic compounds, especially on their role in the prevention of several diseases in which oxidative stress reactions are involved. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on nut phenolic extraction and their chemical profiles and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bodoira
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611 , X5016GCA Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611 , X5016GCA Córdoba , Argentina
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Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Cardiac Stress During a Marathon Could be Associated with Dietary Intake During the Week Before the Race. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020316. [PMID: 31991778 PMCID: PMC7071217 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate food intake is important prior to endurance running competitions to facilitate adequate exercise intensity. However, no investigations have examined whether dietary intake could prevent exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and cardiac stress (EICS). Thus, this study’s objective was to determine the associations between EIMD, EICS and endurance athlete diets one week before a marathon race. Sixty-nine male runners participated in this study. Food intake during the week prior to the race was collected through a seven-day weighed food record. Dietary intake on race day was also recorded. At the end of the marathon, blood samples were drawn to determine serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin, and muscle–brain isoform creatine kinase (CK-MB), prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (TNI), and cardiac troponin T (TNT) concentration as markers of EIMD and EICS, respectively. To determine the association between these variables, a stepwise regression analysis was carried out. The dependent variable was defined as EIMD or EICS and the independent variables were defined as the number of servings within each different food group. Results showed that the intake of meat during the previous week was positively associated with post-race CK (Standardized Coefficients (β) = 0.643; p < 0.01) and myoglobin (β = 0.698; p < 0.001). Vegetables were negatively associated the concentration of post-race CK (β = −0.482; p = 0.002). Butter and fatty meat were positively associated with NT-proBNP (β = 0.796; p < 0.001) and TNI (β = 0.396; p < 0.001) post-marathon values. However, fish intake was negatively associated with CK (β = −0.272; p = 0.042), TNI (β = −0.593; p < 0.001) and TNT (β = −0.640; p = 0.002) post-marathon concentration. Olive oil was negatively associated with TNI (β = −0.536; p < 0.001) and TNT (β = −0.415; p = 0.021) values. In conclusion, the consumption of meat, butter, and fatty meat might be associated with higher levels of EIMD and EICS. On the other hand, fish, vegetables, and olive oil might have a protective role against EIMD and EICS. The selection of an adequate diet before a marathon might help to reduce some of the acute burdens associated with marathon races.
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The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Bilberry and Walnut Leaves in Laying Hens' Diets on the Antioxidant Properties of Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020191. [PMID: 31979047 PMCID: PMC7070516 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eggs are considered common dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but they are susceptible to quality deterioration. In order to reduce oxidation, the best strategy is the addition of antioxidants to hens’ diets. Walnut and bilberry co-products, rich in phenolic compounds, are produced in agricultural industries, and are a valuable source of antioxidants for animal nutrition. The dietary inclusion of bilberry and walnut leaves as natural sources of antioxidants in poultry diets led to the accumulation of nutrients with antioxidant activity in the egg yolk, and the susceptibility of the yolk to lipid peroxidation during storage improved. The results of the present study showed that including bilberry and walnut leaves in laying hens’ diets enhanced the oxidative stability of the egg yolk and retarded the lipid peroxidation process during storage. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of walnut and bilberry leaves (WL and BL), as sources of natural antioxidants in poultry diets, on the enrichment of antioxidant nutrients in the egg yolk and on the susceptibility of the yolk to lipid peroxidation during storage. The experiment was conducted on 32-week-old TETRA SL LL laying hens, which were assigned to three dietary treatments with 30 birds each. Each treatment was replicated 10 times with three chicks per replicate pen. Experimental dietary treatments differed from control diet (C) by addition of 0.5% BL supplement or 1% WL supplement. The phytoadditives were not significant contributors to the productive parameters. The addition of BL and WL in laying hens’ diets significantly increased the total polyphenol content, and the zinc, lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the egg yolks. In regards to the oxidative stability parameters, a significant decrease in the concentrations of primary oxidation products formed in the egg yolk of experimental groups was seen, proving an efficient inhibition effect of the phytoadditives on peroxyl radical formation. A significant correlation was observed between primary oxidation products and total polyphenol content of the egg yolks, where zinc, lutein and zeaxanthin are the bioactive compounds that inhibit the formation of secondary oxidation products.
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Alasalvar C, Salvadó JS, Ros E. Bioactives and health benefits of nuts and dried fruits. Food Chem 2020; 314:126192. [PMID: 31958750 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuts and dried fruits have been part of the human diet since prehistoric times. They are nutrient-rich foods and constitute an excellent means to deliver health-promoting bioactive compounds. As such, they serve as important healthful snack items, besides being part of many traditional and new recipes of gastronomy worldwide. Frequent consumption of nuts and/or dried fruits is highly recommended to obtain the full benefit of the nutrients, bioactives, and antioxidants that they contain, together with their desirable flavour. The macronutrients, micronutrients, and other health-promoting bioactive compounds contained in nuts and dried fruits may synergistically contribute to modulate the risk of cardiometabolic and other non-communicable diseases through various mechanisms. Experimental research, prospective studies, and human clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of nut consumption on various health outcomes. The benefits of dried fruits, however, have been less explored. This review summarizes recent findings on bioactive constituents, health claims, and health benefits of nuts and dried fruits and also discusses their great potential as healthy foods to benefit a number of diseases afflicting human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi-Salas Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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123
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Health issues and technological aspects of plant-based alternative milk. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108972. [PMID: 32247441 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of consumers opt for plant-based milk substitutes for medical reasons, like cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), lactose intolerance (LI), or as a lifestyle choice. Plant-based milk substitutes, or plant extracts, are water-soluble extracts of legumes, oilseeds, cereals or pseudocereals that resemble bovine milk in appearance. It is produced by reducing the size of the raw material, extracted in water and subsequently homogenized, being an alternative to cow's milk. They are considered cow's milk replacers due to similar chemical composition and can also be used as a substitute for direct use or in some animal milk-based preparations. On the other hand, these substitutes exhibit different sensory characteristics, stability and nutritional composition from cow's milk. They are manufactured by extracting the raw material in water, separating the liquid, and formulating the final product. Others process like homogenization and thermal treatments are indispensable to improve the suspension and microbiological stabilities of the final product so that can be consumed. However new and advanced non-thermal processing technologies such as ultra-high pressure homogenization and pulsed electric field processing are being researched for tackling the problems related to increase of shelf life, emulsion stability, nutritional completeness and sensory acceptability without the use of high temperatures. Some pre-treatments such as peeling, bleaching or soaking can be performed on the raw material in order to improve the final product. The nutritional properties are influenced by the plant source, processing, and fortification. The addition of other ingredients as sugar, oil and flavorings is done to the plant-based milk substitute to make them more palatable and be more acceptable to consumers. Thus, the aim is to review the main reasons for the consumption of plant-based milk substitute as well as the raw materials used and the technological aspects of its production.
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Changes in Antioxidant Activity, Profile, and Content of Polyphenols and Tocopherols in Common Hazel Seed ( Corylus avellana L.) Depending on Variety and Harvest Date. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010043. [PMID: 31877675 PMCID: PMC6983069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of variety and the date of harvest of hazelnut seeds on their antioxidant potential and the profile and content of polyphenols and tocopherols. The research material included the hazelnut seeds of six varieties, harvested from July to September at equal 30-day intervals. Hazelnuts were analyzed for total fat content and antioxidant properties, whereby UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis was used to determine the profile and content of polyphenols, and the HPLC method to determine the content of tocopherols. It was found that the content of fat and tocopherols in nuts increased with the ripening of the nuts. The highest fat content was found in walnut seeds of the Kataloński variety (September) and tocopherols in walnut seeds of the Olbrzym z Halle variety (177.67 mg/kg d.m.). In turn, antioxidant properties and total polyphenols content decreased with the later harvest date. The strongest antioxidant potential was found in the case of Cosford nuts harvested in July (66.93 mmol TE/100 g d.m.). These nuts were also characterized by the highest total polyphenol content (1704.9 mg/100 g d.m.). UPLC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 15 polyphenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, catechins and ellagic acid hexoside in nut seeds.
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Mocciaro G, Bresciani L, Tsiountsioura M, Martini D, Mena P, Charron M, Brighenti F, Bentley S, Harvey M, Collins D, Del Rio D, Ray S. Dietary absorption profile, bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds, and acute modulation of vascular/endothelial function by hazelnut skin drink. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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126
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Comprehensive sterol and fatty acid analysis in nineteen nuts, seeds, and kernel. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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127
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Stevens-Barrón JC, de la Rosa LA, Wall-Medrano A, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Rodríguez-Ramirez R, Robles-Zepeda RE, Astiazaran-García H. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Phytochemicals from Selected Edible Nuts. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2303. [PMID: 31569705 PMCID: PMC6836022 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate health benefits of peanuts and tree nuts partially depend on the effective gastrointestinal delivery of their phytochemicals. The chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols and phenolic compounds from peanuts and seven tree nuts were evaluated by analytical and chemometric methods. Total fat and dietary fiber (g 100 g-1) ranged from 34.2 (Emory oak acorn) to 72.5 (pink pine nut; PPN) and from 1.2 (PPN) to 22.5 (pistachio). Samples were rich in oleic and linoleic acids (56-87 g 100 g-1 oil). Tocopherols and tocotrienols (mg·kg-1) ranged from 48.1 (peanut) to 156.3 (almond) and 0 (almond, pecan) to 22.1 (PPN) and hydrophilic phenolics from 533 (PPN) to 12,896 (Emory oak acorn); flavonoids and condensed tannins (mg CE.100 g-1) ranged from 142 (white pine nut) to 1833 (Emory oak acorn) and 14 (PPN) to 460 (Emory oak acorn). Three principal components explained 90% of the variance associated with the diversity of antioxidant phytochemicals in samples. In vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols, hydrophilic phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins ranged from 11-51%, 16-79%, 25-55%, 0-100%, and 0-94%, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed a potential influence of dietary fiber, fats and/or unsaturated fatty acids on phytochemical bioaccessibility, in a structure-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín C Stevens-Barrón
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Mexico.
| | - Ramón E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-García
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, 83304 A.C. Hermosillo, Mexico.
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Pycia K, Kapusta I, Jaworska G. Impact of the Degree of Maturity of Walnuts ( Juglans regia L.) and Their Variety on the Antioxidant Potential and the Content of Tocopherols and Polyphenols. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162936. [PMID: 31412665 PMCID: PMC6718977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the antioxidant properties; establish the profile of polyphenolic compounds and evaluate the content of tocopherols in walnuts of three varieties (Leopold; Apollo; Resovia) differing in the degree of maturity (harvest date). The profile of polyphenolic compounds was established by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. The content of tocopherols was determined by HPLC-FLD. It was found that the content of dry matter and fat increased and the antioxidant properties decreased with the maturation of nuts. Walnuts of the Leopold cultivar harvested in July exhibited the highest content of total polyphenol (2149.08 mg/100 g dry mass). In their polyphenolic profile; 26 compounds were identified; mainly belonging to the class of ellagitannins. The polyphenolic content decreased with the maturation of nuts. The total content of tocopherols in the tested nuts increased with ripening and ranged from 1.76 mg/100g (Apollo VII) to 18.30 mg/100g (Resovia IX)
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pycia
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jaworska
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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129
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Constituents and Functional Uses of Walnut ( Juglans spp.) Husk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3920. [PMID: 31409014 PMCID: PMC6719079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The walnut (Juglans spp.) is an appreciated nut that belongs to the Juglandaceae family. The fruit includes four main parts: the kernel, the skin, the shell, and the green husk. It is widely cultivated due to its edible kernel. In walnut production centers, high amounts of the husk as an agro-forest waste product are produced and discarded away. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the walnut green husk could be valued as a source of different natural bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Regarding this respect, in this contribution, the current scientific knowledge on the antioxidant and antiradical activities, various identified and isolated individual chemical constituents, as well as the functional applications of the walnut husk with more emphasis on the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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130
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Rusu ME, Mocan A, Ferreira ICFR, Popa DS. Health Benefits of Nut Consumption in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E302. [PMID: 31409026 PMCID: PMC6719153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the major risk factor for most chronic disorders. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are two major contributors for cellular senescence, downregulation of stress response pathways with a decrease of protective cellular activity and accumulation of cellular damage, leading in time to age-related diseases. This review investigated the most recent clinical trials and cohort studies published in the last ten years, which presented the influence of tree nut and peanut antioxidant diets in preventing or delaying age-related diseases in middle-aged and elderly subjects (≥55 years old). Tree nut and peanut ingestion has the possibility to influence blood lipid count, biochemical and anthropometric parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers, thereby positively affecting cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, cancers, and cognitive disorders, mainly through the nuts' healthy lipid profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of actions. Clinical evidence and scientific findings demonstrate the importance of diets characterized by a high intake of nuts and emphasize their potential in preventing age-related diseases, validating the addition of tree nuts and peanuts in the diet of older adults. Therefore, increased consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds from nuts clearly impacts many risk factors related to aging and can extend health span and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, ICHAT, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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de Souza RGM, Gomes AC, Navarro AM, Cunha LCD, Silva MAC, Junior FB, Mota JF. Baru Almonds Increase the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1750. [PMID: 31366053 PMCID: PMC6723341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced inflammation is frequently associated with higher oxidative stress. In vitro and experimental studies have considered baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog) as a legume seed with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether baru almonds are capable of improving the inflammatory and antioxidant status in overweight and obese women. METHODS In a parallel-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial, 46 overweight and obese women (age: 40 ± 11 years; body mass index: 33.3 ± 4.3) were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a normocaloric and isoenergetic diet with placebo (PLA, n = 22) or similar advice plus 20 g baru almonds (BARU, n = 24) for 8 wk. Malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase-CAT; glutathione peroxidase-GPx; superoxide dismutase-SOD), and minerals were analyzed in plasma samples. RESULTS At baseline, groups were similar regarding the body composition, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The BARU group increased the activity of GPx (+0.08 U/mg, 95%CI + 0.05 to +0.12 vs. -0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to -0.03, p < 0.01) and plasma copper concentration (p = 0.037) when compared to the PLA group. No differences were observed between groups in CAT and SOD activity or MDA and cytokines concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Baru almond supplementation increased the GPx activity in overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil
| | - Anderson Marliere Navarro
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos da Cunha
- Nucleus of Toxic-pharmacological Studies and Research (NEPET), Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-220 GO, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Coelho Silva
- Nucleus of Toxic-pharmacological Studies and Research (NEPET), Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-220 GO, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FCRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil.
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Abstract
In this article, we critically evaluate the evidence relating to the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Strong evidence indicating that the MD prevents CVD has come from prospective cohort studies. However, there is only weak supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as none have compared subjects who follow an MD and those who do not. Instead, RCTs have tested the effect of 1 or 2 features of the MD. This was the case in the Prevenciόn con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study: the major dietary change in the intervention groups was the addition of either extravirgin olive oil or nuts. Meta-analyses generally suggest that the MD causes small favorable changes in risk factors for CVD, including blood pressure, blood glucose, and waist circumference. However, the effect on blood lipids is generally weak. The MD may also decrease several biomarkers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein. The 7 key features of the MD can be divided into 2 groups. Some are clearly protective against CVD (olive oil as the main fat; high in legumes; high in fruits/vegetables/nuts; and low in meat/meat products and increased in fish). However, other features of the MD have a less clear relationship with CVD (low/moderate alcohol use, especially red wine; high in grains/cereals; and low/moderate in milk/dairy). In conclusion, the evidence indicates that the MD prevents CVD. There is a need for RCTs that test the effectiveness of the MD for preventing CVD. Key design features for such a study are proposed.
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133
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree. Molecules 2019; 24:E2133. [PMID: 31195762 PMCID: PMC6600437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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134
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Loewe-Muñoz V, Balzarini M, Delard R. C, del Rio M. R, Álvarez C. A. Potential of southern Latin-American coastal areas for stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cropping. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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135
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Valero-Galván J, Reyna-González M, Chico-Romero PA, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Monroy-Sosa A, Ruiz-May E, González Fernández R. Seed Characteristics and Nutritional Composition of Pine Nut from Five Populations of P. cembroides from the States of Hidalgo and Chihuahua, Mexico. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112057. [PMID: 31151144 PMCID: PMC6600560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the seed characteristics and nutritional composition of five pine nut P. cembroides samples from two Mexican states. Morphometry, proximal composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were determined. Samples differed in several morphometric trails, but important differences were documented between SMCH and JCZH samples from Hidalgo State. JCZH and FMH had the highest contents of water, lipids, protein, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, while CMCC population from Chihuahua State had presented the highest content of ash and carbohydrates. Morphometry and chemical composition data were subjected to clustering analysis. This analysis showed that SMCH and LFCH from Hidalgo State were well separated from the JCZH and FMH populations from Hidalgo State, which showed a strong similarity between them, while the CMCC from Chihuahua State was the most distant population. Principal components analysis showed that the variables that strongly contributed to PC1 were the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay, flavonoids, and water content. These data have provided biochemical markers that could help to establish phylogenetic associations between populations, and also to reveal potentially account as an alternative source for dietary nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valero-Galván
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
| | - Margarita Reyna-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
| | - Perla Anneth Chico-Romero
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
| | - José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
| | - Abigail Monroy-Sosa
- Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Av. Progreso N° 3, Planta Alta, Col. del Carmen, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04100, México.
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz C.P. 91070, México.
| | - Raquel González Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Química-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, México.
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Tindall AM, Petersen KS, Skulas‐Ray AC, Richter CK, Proctor DN, Kris‐Etherton PM. Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011512. [PMID: 31039663 PMCID: PMC6512082 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Walnuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether these effects are attributable to the fatty acid ( FA ) content, including α-linolenic acid ( ALA ), and/or bioactives. Methods and Results A randomized, controlled, 3-period, crossover, feeding trial was conducted in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (n=45). Following a 2-week standard Western diet run-in (12% saturated FAs [ SFA ], 7% polyunsaturated FAs, 12% monounsaturated FAs), participants consumed 3 isocaloric weight-maintenance diets for 6 weeks each: a walnut diet ( WD ; 7% SFA , 16% polyunsaturated FAs, 3% ALA , 9% monounsaturated FAs); a walnut FA -matched diet; and an oleic acid-replaced- ALA diet (7% SFA , 14% polyunsaturated FAs, 0.5% ALA , 12% monounsaturated FAs), which substituted the amount of ALA from walnuts in the WD with oleic acid. This design enabled evaluation of the effects of whole walnuts versus constituent components. The primary end point, central systolic blood pressure, was unchanged, and there were no significant changes in arterial stiffness. There was a treatment effect ( P=0.04) for central diastolic blood pressure; there was a greater change following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet (-1.78±1.0 versus 0.15±0.7 mm Hg, P=0.04). There were no differences between the WD and the walnut fatty acid-matched diet (-0.22±0.8 mm Hg, P=0.20) or the walnut FA-matched and oleic acid-replaced-ALA diets ( P=0.74). The WD significantly lowered brachial and central mean arterial pressure. All diets lowered total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and non- HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Cardiovascular benefits occurred with all moderate-fat, high-unsaturated-fat diets. As part of a low- SFA diet, the greater improvement in central diastolic blood pressure following the WD versus the oleic acid-replaced-ALA diet indicates benefits of walnuts as a whole-food replacement for SFA . Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02210767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Tindall
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | | | | | - David N. Proctor
- Department of KinesiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
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Kellett ME, Greenspan P, Gong Y, Pegg RB. Cellular evaluation of the antioxidant activity of U.S. Pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. Food Chem 2019; 293:511-519. [PMID: 31151642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials show an inverse relationship between the consumption of antioxidant-rich tree nuts and the development of chronic diseases. This study examined antioxidant efficacy of U.S. pecans using a modified cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay with comparisons to data from in vitro antioxidant assays (hydrophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity {H-ORACFL} and ferric reducing antioxidant power {FRAP}). Crude phenolic extracts from both raw and roasted pecans were analyzed. In the CAA assay, pecan phenolics were taken up by human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and bestowed CAA, determined by monitoring the fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein. Phenolics (25-100 μg/mL) demonstrated a reduction in fluorescence by 37-69% for raw and 26-68% for roasted pecans. The primary active phenolic constituents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) to be epi(catechin) dimers and trimers. These oligomeric procyanidins, ranging in size from 560 to 840 g/mol appear to be small enough for cellular uptake, showing pecans are an effective antioxidant in biological systems, regardless of roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Kellett
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Phillip Greenspan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ronald B Pegg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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138
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Huang Y, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Huang C, Huang R, Luan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Shen C, Zhang S, Wang X, Randall J, Zheng B, Wu J, Zhang Q, Xia G, Xu C, Chen M, Zhang L, Jiang W, Gao L, Chen Z, Leslie CA, Grauke LJ, Huang J. The genomes of pecan and Chinese hickory provide insights into Carya evolution and nut nutrition. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz036. [PMID: 31049561 PMCID: PMC6497033 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits. RESULTS We obtained >187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ∼288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar ("Pawnee") and a domesticated Chinese hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives. CONCLUSIONS Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yumeng Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tongqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinwang Wang
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jennifer Randall
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3BE Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chuanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Rd., Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100093, China
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L J Grauke
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
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139
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Evaluation of bioactive constituents in European bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata L.) seed kernels. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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140
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Chen CYO, Milbury PE, Blumberg JB. Polyphenols in Almond Skins after Blanching Modulate Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040095. [PMID: 30974789 PMCID: PMC6523744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Almond skins are a waste byproduct of blanched almond production. Polyphenols extracted from almond skins possess antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we examined the pharmacokinetic profile of almond skin polyphenols (ASP) and their effect on measures of oxidative stress. In a randomized crossover trial, seven adults consumed two acute ASP doses (225 mg (low, L) or 450 mg (high, H) total phenols) in skim milk or milk alone. Plasma flavonoids, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG), and resistance of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation were measured over 10 h. The H dose increased catechin and naringenin in plasma, with maximum concentrations of 44.3 and 19.3 ng/mL, respectively. The GSH/GSSG ratio at 3 h after the H doses was 212% of the baseline value, as compared to 82% after milk (p = 0.003). Both ASP doses upregulated GPx activity by 26-35% from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 120 min after consumption. The in vitro addition of α-tocopherol extended the lag time of LDL oxidation at 3 h after L and H consumption by 144.7% and 165.2% of that at 0 h compared to no change after milk (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ASP are bioavailable and modulate GSH status, GPx activity, and the resistance of LDL to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Paul E Milbury
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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141
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Rodríguez-García C, Sánchez-Quesada C, Toledo E, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Gaforio JJ. Naturally Lignan-Rich Foods: A Dietary Tool for Health Promotion? Molecules 2019; 24:E917. [PMID: 30845651 PMCID: PMC6429205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines universally advise adherence to plant-based diets. Plant-based foods confer considerable health benefits, partly attributable to their abundant micronutrient (e.g., polyphenol) content. Interest in polyphenols is largely focused on the contribution of their antioxidant activity to the prevention of various disorders, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Polyphenols are classified into groups, such as stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and others. Lignans, which possess a steroid-like chemical structure and are defined as phytoestrogens, are of particular interest to researchers. Traditionally, health benefits attributed to lignans have included a lowered risk of heart disease, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and breast cancer. However, the intake of naturally lignan-rich foods varies with the type of diet. Consequently, based on the latest humans' findings and gathered information on lignan-rich foods collected from Phenol Explorer database this review focuses on the potential health benefits attributable to the consumption of different diets containing naturally lignan-rich foods. Current evidence highlight the bioactive properties of lignans as human health-promoting molecules. Thus, dietary intake of lignan-rich foods could be a useful way to bolster the prevention of chronic illness, such as certain types of cancers and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-García
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Quesada
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José J Gaforio
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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142
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Chaalal M, Ouchemoukh S, Mehenni C, Salhi N, Soufi O, Ydjedd S, Louaileche H. Phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of four commonly consumed nuts in algeria. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chaalal
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et Technologies Agro-Alimentaires « I.N.A.T.A-A » Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain-El-Bey 25017, Constantine. Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliqué, Département des Sciences Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - S. Ouchemoukh
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biologie physico-chimique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - C. Mehenni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biologie physico-chimique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - N. Salhi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biologie physico-chimique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - O. Soufi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliqué, Département des Sciences Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - S. Ydjedd
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliqué, Département des Sciences Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
| | - H. Louaileche
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliqué, Département des Sciences Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Route de Targa-Ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia. Algeria
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143
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Bai SH, Brooks P, Gama R, Nevenimo T, Hannet G, Hannet D, Randall B, Walton D, Grant E, Wallace HM. Nutritional quality of almond, canarium, cashew and pistachio and their oil photooxidative stability. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:792-798. [PMID: 30906037 PMCID: PMC6400731 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Daily consumption of nuts is recommended as a part of a healthy diet as they contain protein and are rich in beneficial fatty acids and essential nutrients. The nutritional qualities of nuts are affected by their fatty acid composition and other factors such as maturity. Oil oxidative stability is important to determine nut nutritional quality in terms of fatty acid composition over storage. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) assess the nutritional quality (photooxidative stability and nutrient composition) of almond, cashew, pistachio and canarium (a newly commercialised indigenous nut); and (b) explore differences in nutrient concentrations between immature and mature canarium nuts. A decrease in polyunsaturated fats after photooxidation in almond and pistachio was observed. Canarium oil did not change following photooxidation suggesting canarium may display a long shelf life when stored appropriately. Our study indicated that almond provided over 50% of the recommended daily intake for manganese whereas canarium intake provided 50% of the recommended daily intake for iron (for males). Pistachio was richer in potassium compared with other nuts and canarium was richer in boron, iron and zinc than other nut species. Mature canarium kernels were richer in boron, iron and zinc but contained less potassium than immature canarium. Therefore, the current study recommended to store kernels in dark to decrease oil photooxidation, and maturity of canarium kernels at the harvest time was important affecting nutrient concentrations of kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670 Australia
| | - Peter Brooks
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Repson Gama
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Tio Nevenimo
- National Agriculture Research Institute, Kerevat, Papua New Guinea
| | - Godfrey Hannet
- National Agriculture Research Institute, Kerevat, Papua New Guinea
| | - Dalsie Hannet
- National Agriculture Research Institute, Kerevat, Papua New Guinea
| | - Bruce Randall
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - David Walton
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Elektra Grant
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Helen M. Wallace
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
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144
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Arab L, Guo R, Elashoff D. Lower Depression Scores among Walnut Consumers in NHANES. Nutrients 2019; 11:E275. [PMID: 30691167 PMCID: PMC6413101 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown a Mediterranean diet, characterized by their olive oil and nut consumption, to be correlated with lower depression risk. OBJECTIVE To examine whether part of this reduced risk in the United States is attributable to walnut consumption, we analyzed data on walnut consumption and depression scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS NHANES survey data for 2005 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 h recall dietary data. Depression scores were based on PHQ-9 self-report responses. A total of 26,656 participants were characterized as reporting the consumption of walnuts with high certainty, walnuts with other nuts, other nuts, or no nuts. RESULTS After an adjustment for covariates, walnut consumers showed lower depression scores compared to non-nut consumers. The least square mean for total depression score was 26% lower for walnut with high certainty consumers than for non-nut consumers (p < 0.0001), and the association was stronger among women (32%, p < 0.0001) than men (21%, p = 0.05). The significant contributors to this difference were due to walnut consumers reporting greater interest in doing things (p = 0.003), less hopelessness (p = 0.02), and feeling more energetic (p = 0.05) than non-nut consumers. Non-nut consumers were more likely to have trouble concentrating (p = 0.02), to feel they were moving or speaking abnormally (p = 0.03), and to have thought they were better off dead (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Depression scores were significantly lower among nut consumers and particularly walnut consumers as compared to non-nut consumers. After controlling for potential covariates, walnut users had scores significantly lower than other nut consumers. The difference was strongest among women, who are more likely than men to report higher depression scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Arab
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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145
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Jafari Azad B, Daneshzad E, Azadbakht L. Peanut and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1123-1140. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1558395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Jafari Azad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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146
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Han Y, Zheng Y, Li S, Mo R, Long X, Liu Y. Effects of Drying Process with Different Temperature on the Nutritional Qualities of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Han
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Yuewen Zheng
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Shiliang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Runhong Mo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
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147
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Darvish Damavandi R, Mousavi SN, Shidfar F, Mohammadi V, Rajab A, Hosseini S, Heshmati J. Effects of Daily Consumption of Cashews on Oxidative Stress and Atherogenic Indices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled-Feeding Trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e70744. [PMID: 30881468 PMCID: PMC6408729 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.70744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cashews, as the main source of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Despite evidence for beneficial effects of nuts on lipid profile and glycemic control, to the authors' best knowledge, little is known about cashews. METHODS An eight-week, randomized, isocaloric, controlled-feeding study was conducted on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group (10% of total calorie from cashews). Weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin concentration and sensitivity, lipid profile ratio, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention adjusted for age, gender, baseline values of FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), fiber, and both baseline and post-intervention vitamin C levels as covariates. RESULTS Weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were not significantly different in the groups after eight weeks of intervention, as well as between the two groups, compared with the baseline measures. At the end of the study, serum insulin and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio significantly decreased in the cashews group compared with those of the controls (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Although, HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the cashews group (P = 0.03), changes were not significant compared with the baseline measures (P = 0.056). Despite more increase in PON-1 activity in the cashews group, the changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of cashews reduced serum insulin and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in patients with T2DM. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and more duration are needed to confirm the current study results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vida Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sharieh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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148
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Villasante J, Girbal M, Metón I, Almajano MP. Effects of Pecan Nut ( Carya illinoiensis) and Roselle Flower ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents for Sardines ( Sardina pilchardus). Molecules 2018; 24:E85. [PMID: 30591660 PMCID: PMC6337500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) and roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents on shelf life extension of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) were evaluated over a period of 5 days at 7 ± 1 °C. Treatments consisted of the addition of 5% and 10% w/w pecan nut, 5% w/w roselle flower and a combination of 5% of each. Physicochemical (lipid oxidation, fatty acids, hexanal and biogenic amines), sensory and microbiological characteristics of fish samples were periodically analyzed. All treatments effectively improved physicochemical quality parameters, with 10% w/w pecan nut having the highest effectiveness. The presence of roselle flower reduced microbial growth. Our findings suggest that addition of a natural preservative combining pecan nut and roselle flower may extend the shelf life of fresh sardines during chilled storage while maintaining quality indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Villasante
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Girbal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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149
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Michels AJ, Leonard SW, Uesugi SL, Bobe G, Frei B, Traber MG. Daily Consumption of Oregon Hazelnuts Affects α-Tocopherol Status in Healthy Older Adults: A Pre-Post Intervention Study. J Nutr 2018; 148:1924-1930. [PMID: 30517727 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate vitamin E and magnesium intakes are of concern for older adults owing to the associated incidence of age-related diseases. Objective This study was designed to determine the extent to which a 16-wk intervention with hazelnuts alters vitamin E and magnesium status in a group of older men and women, and used a pre-post intervention design without a control group to adjust for temporal changes. Methods Participants (n = 32 including 22 women; mean ± SD age: 63 ± 6 y) consumed hazelnuts (∼57 g/d) for 16 wk. Blood and urine samples and anthropomorphic measures were taken at the start and end of the intervention to determine plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol and serum concentrations of magnesium, lipids, glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein along with urinary vitamin E metabolites; several other micronutrients were measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. There were 3 primary endpoints, calculated as the mean changes in measurements between baseline and the end of the 16-wk intervention for 1) plasma α-tocopherol, 2) urinary α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC; an α-tocopherol metabolite), and 3) serum magnesium. Results Hazelnut consumption increased concentrations of the urinary α-tocopherol metabolite α-CEHC (mean ± SD: 0.84 ± 0.45 to 1.14 ± 0.50 µmol/g creatinine; P = 0.0006). In addition, hazelnut consumption increased serum concentrations of magnesium (+2.1%, P = 0.05), decreased concentrations of fasting glucose (-3.4%, P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (-6.0%, P = 0.02), and decreased total:HDL cholesterol ratios (-4.5%, P = 0.009). No significant changes were observed in blood pressure, lymphocyte proliferation assays, and serum concentrations of insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglyceride, α-tocopherol, or HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Consuming hazelnuts improves a biomarker of vitamin E status in older adults. Vitamin E is a shortfall micronutrient, as identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which frequently is consumed at levels less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d; thus, hazelnuts should be considered as part of a healthy dietary pattern. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03485989.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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150
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Espín JC, García-Villalba R. The Human Metabolism of Nuts Proanthocyanidins does not Reveal Urinary Metabolites Consistent with Distinctive Gut Microbiota Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800819. [PMID: 30444059 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The stratification of individuals according to their gut microbiota metabotypes is crucial to understand the polyphenols health effects as reported for isoflavones and ellagitannins. To date, the existence of human gut microbiota metabotypes associated with proanthocyanidins (PAs) catabolism remains unclear. METHODS & RESULTS Sixty-eight healthy volunteers (40 adolescents and 28 adults) consumed a mixture of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts for 3 days, providing 163.65 ± 11.74 mg of PAs. Urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance LC-ESI-quadrupole time-of-flight. Twenty-one isomers of conjugated valerolactones and valeric acids were identified, which derived from six valerolactone and valeric acid precursors after analysis of hydrolyzed urine. This combined approach allowed discrimination between the inter-individual variability related to phase-II enzymes polymorphisms and the metabolism of PAs by the gut microbiota. No associations of PAs metabolism with gender, age, BMI, or ellagitannin metabotypes were found. Different quantitative excretion was observed after multivariate analysis but not true gut microbiota metabotypes associated with PAs catabolism. CONCLUSIONS The metabolism of PAs does not reveal urinary metabolites consistent with distinctive gut microbiota metabotypes. The quantitative excretion of metabolites is inadequate to stratify individuals due to the strong influence of external factors (source, quantity, and time of the last intake of PAs, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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