101
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Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification: A Promising Tool for Screening Genetic Mutations. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:723-733. [PMID: 31396882 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutation screening is elemental for clinical diagnosis and in determining therapeutic strategies. Nucleic acid-based techniques are considered to be the most accurate tools in genetic diagnosis. One such technique is loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, which has seen tremendous applications in recent years. The advantages of the assay lie in its rapidity, efficiency, sensitivity, and cost. It works in isothermal conditions and amplifies the target gene using DNA polymerases that have strand displacement activity. To date, the assay has been widely used in different fields of research, including pathogen detection, crop development, and disease diagnosis. However, despite the potential, its application in mutation screening has been minimal. This review highlights the LAMP assay and its variants that have been developed for screening single-nucleotide polymorphisms and gene translocations in cancer.
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102
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Brazaca LC, Sampaio I, Zucolotto V, Janegitz BC. Applications of biosensors in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Talanta 2020; 210:120644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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103
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Zhu H, Fohlerová Z, Pekárek J, Basova E, Neužil P. Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies for viral diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112041. [PMID: 31999560 PMCID: PMC7126858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global risk of viral disease outbreaks emphasizes the need for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection techniques to speed up diagnostics allowing early intervention. An emerging field of microfluidics also known as the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system includes a wide range of diagnostic devices. This review briefly covers both conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for rapid viral detection. We first describe conventional detection methods such as cell culturing, immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These methods often have limited speed, sensitivity, or specificity and are performed with typically bulky equipment. Here, we discuss some of the LOC technologies that can overcome these demerits, highlighting the latest advances in LOC devices for viral disease diagnosis. We also discuss the fabrication of LOC systems to produce devices for performing either individual steps or virus detection in samples with the sample to answer method. The complete system consists of sample preparation, and ELISA and RT-PCR for viral-antibody and nucleic acid detection, respectively. Finally, we formulate our opinions on these areas for the future development of LOC systems for viral diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China
| | - Zdenka Fohlerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pekárek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evgenia Basova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Neužil
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Song J, Hegge JW, Mauk MG, Chen J, Till JE, Bhagwat N, Azink LT, Peng J, Sen M, Mays J, Carpenter EL, van der Oost J, Bau HH. Highly specific enrichment of rare nucleic acid fractions using Thermus thermophilus argonaute with applications in cancer diagnostics. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e19. [PMID: 31828328 PMCID: PMC7038991 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of disease-associated, cell-free nucleic acids in body fluids enables early diagnostics, genotyping and personalized therapy, but is challenged by the low concentrations of clinically significant nucleic acids and their sequence homology with abundant wild-type nucleic acids. We describe a novel approach, dubbed NAVIGATER, for increasing the fractions of Nucleic Acids of clinical interest Via DNA-Guided Argonaute from Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo). TtAgo cleaves specifically guide-complementary DNA and RNA with single nucleotide precision, greatly increasing the fractions of rare alleles and, enhancing the sensitivity of downstream detection methods such as ddPCR, sequencing, and clamped enzymatic amplification. We demonstrated 60-fold enrichment of the cancer biomarker KRAS G12D and ∼100-fold increased sensitivity of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) and Xenonucleic Acid (XNA) clamp PCR, enabling detection of low-frequency (<0.01%) mutant alleles (∼1 copy) in blood samples of pancreatic cancer patients. NAVIGATER surpasses Cas9-based assays (e.g. DASH, Depletion of Abundant Sequences by Hybridization), identifying more mutation-positive samples when combined with XNA-PCR. Moreover, TtAgo does not require targets to contain any specific protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAM); is a multi-turnover enzyme; cleaves ssDNA, dsDNA and RNA targets in a single assay; and operates at elevated temperatures, providing high selectivity and compatibility with polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Jorrit W Hegge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University,The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Junman Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Jacob E Till
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neha Bhagwat
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lotte T Azink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University,The Netherlands
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Moen Sen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jazmine Mays
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University,The Netherlands
| | - Haim H Bau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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105
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Hsu YP, Li NS, Chen YT, Pang HH, Wei KC, Yang HW. A serological point-of-care test for Zika virus detection and infection surveillance using an enzyme-free vial immunosensor with a smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 151:111960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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106
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Campos EVR, de Oliveira JL, Abrantes DC, Rogério CB, Bueno C, Miranda VR, Monteiro RA, Fraceto LF. Recent Developments in Nanotechnology for Detection and Control of Aedes aegypti-Borne Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:102. [PMID: 32154233 PMCID: PMC7047929 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses such as yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika are transmitted mainly by the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Especially in the tropics, inefficacy of mosquito control causes arboviruses outbreaks every year, affecting the general population with debilitating effects in infected individuals. Several strategies have been tried to control the proliferation of A. aegypti using physical, biological, and chemical control measures. Other methods are currently under research and development, amongst which the use of nanotechnology has attracted a lot of attention of the researchers in relation to the production of more effective repellents and larvicides with less toxicity, and development of rapid sensors for the detection of virus infections. In this review, the utilization of nano-based formulations on control and diagnosis of mosquito-borne diseases were discussed. We also emphasizes the need for future research for broad commercialization of nano-based formulations in world market aiming a positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Bueno
- São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil
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107
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El-Tholoth M, Bau HH, Song J. A Single and Two-Stage, Closed-Tube, Molecular Test for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) at Home, Clinic, and Points of Entry. CHEMRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR CHEMISTRY 2020:10.26434/chemrxiv.11860137.v1. [PMID: 32511284 PMCID: PMC7251958 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.11860137.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a newly emerged strain that has never been found in humans before. At present, the laboratory-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the main method to confirm COVID-19 infection. The intensification of the COVID-19 epidemic overwhelms limited clinical resources in particular, but not only, in developing countries, resulting in many patients not being tested for the infection and in large queues of potentially infected individuals waiting to be tested while providing a breeding ground for the disease. We describe here a rapid, highly sensitive, point-of-care, molecular test amenable for use at home, in the clinic, and at points of entry by minimally trained individuals and with minimal instrumentation. Our test is based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (COVID-19 LAMP) and for higher sensitivity on nested nucleic acid, two stage isothermal amplification (COVID-19 Penn-RAMP). Both tests can be carried out in closed tubes with either fluorescence or colorimetric (e.g., leuco crystal violet LCV) detection. COVID-19 LAMP performs on par with COVID-19 RT-PCR. COVID-19 RAMP has 10 fold better sensitivity than COVID-19 LAMP and COVID-19 RT-PCR when testing purified targets and 100 times better sensitivity than COVID-19 LAMP and COVID-19 RT-PCR when testing rapidly prepared sample mimics. Due to fortunate scarcity of COVID-19 infections in the USA, we were not able to test our assays and methods with patient samples. We hope that such tests will be carried out by colleagues in impacted countries. Our Closed-Tube Penn-RAMP has the potential to significantly reduce false negatives while being amenable to use with minimal instrumentation and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Haim H. Bau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Jinzhao Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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108
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Kim Y, Abafogi AT, Tran BM, Kim J, Lee J, Chen Z, Bae PK, Park K, Shin YB, van Noort D, Lee NY, Park S. Integrated Microfluidic Preconcentration and Nucleic Amplification System for Detection of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in Saliva. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E203. [PMID: 32079062 PMCID: PMC7074655 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are often present in environmental and clinical samples at concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD) of molecular diagnostics. Here we report an integrated microfluidic preconcentration and nucleic amplification system (μFPNAS) which enables both preconcentration of influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1) and amplification of its viral RNA, thereby lowering LOD for H1N1. H1N1 virus particles were first magnetically preconcentrated using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with an antibody specific for the virus. Their isolated RNA was amplified to cDNA through thermocycling in a trapezoidal chamber of the μFPNAS. A detection limit as low as 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) in saliva can be obtained within 2 hours. These results suggest that the LOD of molecular diagnostics for virus can be lowered by systematically combining immunomagnetic separation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in one microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Abdurhaman Teyib Abafogi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Buu Minh Tran
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (B.M.T.); (N.Y.L.)
| | - Jaewon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jinyeop Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Pan Kee Bae
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (P.K.B.); (K.P.); (Y.-B.S.)
| | - Kyoungsook Park
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (P.K.B.); (K.P.); (Y.-B.S.)
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (P.K.B.); (K.P.); (Y.-B.S.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of bioengineering, KRIBB School, University of science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Danny van Noort
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Chair of Micro Process Engineering and Technology (COMPETE), University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería -BIO, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Barranco 15036, Peru
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (B.M.T.); (N.Y.L.)
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.T.A.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (Z.C.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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109
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Taniguchi M. Analysis Method of the Ion Current-Time Waveform Obtained from Low Aspect Ratio Solid-state Nanopores. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:161-165. [PMID: 31813895 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Low aspect ratio nanopores are expected to be applied to the detection of viruses and bacteria because of their high spatial resolution. Multiphysics simulations have revealed that the ion current-time waveform obtained from low aspect ratio nanopores contains information on not only the volume of viruses and bacteria, but also the structure, surface charge, and flow dynamics. Analysis using machine learning extracts information about these analytes from the ion current-time waveform. The combination of low aspect ratio nanopores, multiphysics simulation, and machine learning has made it possible to distinguish different types of viruses and bacteria with high accuracy.
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110
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Lopez-Jimena B, Bakheit M, Bekaert M, Harold G, Frischmann S, Fall C, Diagne CT, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, Weidmann M. Development and Validation of Real-Time RT-LAMP Assays for the Specific Detection of Zika Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2142:147-164. [PMID: 32367366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two one-step real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays for the detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) were developed, based on two different primer design approaches: (1) open source, based on a combination of sequence diversity clustering (phylogeny and principal component analysis) and LAVA algorithm, using 45 whole genome ZIKV sequences retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database; (2) standard software for LAMP primer design (Primer Explorer V4), using 59 sequences of the ZIKV 3' UTR. The assays were firstly evaluated with External Quality Assessment panels from INSTAND e.V. (Germany) and EVD-LabNet (The Netherlands) including 4 and 12 unknown samples, respectively, and secondly, with 9 human, mosquito, and monkey ZIKV isolates from Africa (Senegal, Ivory Coast, and Uganda) and America (Brazil). The limit of detection as determined by probit analysis was 181 molecules for both RT-LAMP assays, and 100% reproducibility in the assays was obtained for 103 molecules (4/8 repetitions were positive for 102 molecules). Both assays were specific, amplifying only ZIKV RNA and not cross-detecting other arboviruses included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lopez-Jimena
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
- Centre for Diagnostics Development, LifeArc, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Michaël Bekaert
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Graham Harold
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Cheikh Fall
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Tidiane Diagne
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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111
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Byers KM, Lin LK, Moehling TJ, Stanciu L, Linnes JC. Versatile printed microheaters to enable low-power thermal control in paper diagnostics. Analyst 2020; 145:184-196. [PMID: 31729492 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reusable, low-power, low-cost, printed microheaters developed for practical use in in-field and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Byers
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Li-Kai Lin
- School of Materials Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Taylor J. Moehling
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Lia Stanciu
- School of Materials Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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112
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Zhang L, Du X, Chen C, Han Q, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xia X, Song Y, Zhang J. Development of a rapid, one-step-visual method to detect Salmonella based on IC-LAMP method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:20-25. [PMID: 32368221 PMCID: PMC7183372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella can cause serious human gastroenteritis and is frequently isolated from various food samples. The cell culturing, immunoassay, and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) are the current methods to detect such pathogenic agents. However, these methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and thus unavailable for rapid-monitoring of Salmonella. AIMS This study aimed to develop an immunocapture-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (IC-LAMP) for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella. METHODS Salmonella was used as antigen to produce monoclonal antibody (mAb) and mAbs were prepared via subcloning three times. The mAb 1B12 with high affinity was coated on the surface of the immuno-magnetic beads (IMBs) to capture Salmonella. The enriched products (IMBs-Salmonella) were used for LAMP using the special primers targeted the conserved invA gene of Salmonella. RESULTS The IC-LAMP was developed based on mAb 1B12 and LAMP. Targeting the conserved invA gene of Salmonella, the detection time was shortened to 50 min from three days. If the reaction contains Salmonella, the green fluorescence and the trapezoidal strip can be clearly observed. Importantly, the method combines the specificity of antibody and LAMP with a detection limit of 5 CFU/ml in artificially contaminated water and milk. The specificity of this method was demonstrated by testing other similar bacteria. The results indicate that the IC-LAMP reacts only with Salmonella and does not cross-react with other similar bacteria. CONCLUSION The IC-LAMP assay developed here is a rapid, sensitive, one-step-visual method to screen for the presence of Salmonella in food samples. This method is faster than traditional PCR, LAMP, and other methods, and can be used as a primary screening method for the detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - X. Du
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - C. Chen
- MSc Student in Biochemical Engineering, Molecular Medicine Research Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Q. Han
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Q. Chen
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - M. Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - X. Xia
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Y. Song
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Researcah Center of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Abstract
A smart city has a bright and sustainable way to integrate services together and can monitor/control them using intelligent devices called sensors to preserve the efficient utilization of resources. Sensors are distributed everywhere in smart cities. They can be employed to monitor health care, transportation, infrastructure, building, surveillance, government, etc. Especially, nanosensors hold great impact to turn the current techniques for the detection of viruses. With the facility of real-time sensing, there is no need for regular inspections for maintenance and surveying, which results in reduced costs and time wastage. Definitely, common sensing platforms need persistent updates to address increasing doubts in the detection of viruses as they modify quickly and spread from person to person, pointing the urgency of early detection. In this chapter the introduction is briefly described in Section 30.1. The fundamental of nanosensors is explained in Section 30.2. The significance and applications of nanosensors in virus detection are extensively discussed in Sections 30.3 and 30.4. Section 30.5 consists of various challenges and outlook.
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114
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Generation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Antibody Against NS1 Protein for Detection of Zika Virus. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.96070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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115
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da Silva SJR, Pardee K, Pena L. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Diagnosis of Zika Virus: A Review. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010019. [PMID: 31877989 PMCID: PMC7019470 DOI: 10.3390/v12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its devastating developmental and neurological manifestations has prompted the development of field-based diagnostics that are rapid, reliable, handheld, specific, sensitive, and inexpensive. The gold standard molecular method for lab-based diagnosis of ZIKV, from either patient samples or insect vectors, is reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The method, however, is costly and requires lab-based equipment and expertise, which severely limits its use as a point-of-care (POC) tool in resource-poor settings. Moreover, given the lack of antivirals or approved vaccines for ZIKV infection, a POC diagnostic test is urgently needed for the early detection of new outbreaks and to adequately manage patients. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a compelling alternative to RT-qPCR for ZIKV and other arboviruses. This low-cost molecular system can be freeze-dried for distribution and exhibits high specificity, sensitivity, and efficiency. A growing body of evidence suggests that LAMP assays can provide greater accessibility to much-needed diagnostics for ZIKV infections, especially in developing countries where the ZIKV is now endemic. This review summarizes the different LAMP methods that have been developed for the virus and summarizes their features, advantages, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada;
| | - Lindomar Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81-2123-7849
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116
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Yang YQ, Yang YC, Liu MH, Chan YH. FRET-Created Traffic Light Immunoassay Based on Polymer Dots for PSA Detection. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1493-1501. [PMID: 31815438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There have been enormous efforts for developing the next generations of fluorometric lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICTS) owing to the great advances in fluorescent materials in these years. Here we developed one type of fluorometric ICTS based on ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) in which the traffic light-like signals were created by energy transfer depending on the target concentration. This platform was successfully applied for qualitatively rapid screening and quantitatively precise analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 10 min from merely one drop of the whole blood sample. This FRET-created traffic light ICTS possesses excellent specificity and an outstanding detection sensitivity of 0.32 ng/mL for PSA. Moreover, we conducted proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate its potential for multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers at the same time in an individual test strip by taking advantage of the traffic light signals. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first model of a traffic light-like immunoassay test strip based on Pdots with multiplexing ability. These results would pave an avenue for designing the next generation of point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Quan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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117
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Zhang B, Jia Y, Wang J, Chang H, Zhao Z, Cheng Y. Colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode immunoassay for tumour marker detection based on a Ag2CO3@Ag nanocomposite. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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118
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A robust, hand-powered, instrument-free sample preparation system for point-of-care pathogen detection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16374. [PMID: 31705044 PMCID: PMC6841715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a simple, universal protocol for use in nucleic acid testing-based pathogen diagnostics, which requires only hand-powered sample preparation, including the processes of pathogen enrichment and nucleic acid isolation. The protocol uses low-cost amine-functionalized diatomaceous earth with a 1-μm Teflon filter as a reaction matrix in both stages of the process, using homobifunctional imidoesters. Using a simple syringe as a pump, the capture efficiency for a large sample volume (<50 mL) was enhanced by up to 98.3%, and the detection limit was 1 CFU/mL, 100-fold better than that of common commercial nucleic acid isolation kit. This protocol can also be combined with commercialized 96-well filter plates for robust sample preparation. Our proposed system is robust, simple, low-cost, universal, and rapid (taking <20 min), and it works regardless of the ambient environment and sample pretreatment, requiring no electricity or instruments. Its benefits include the simplicity of producing its components and its ease of operation, and it can be readily integrated with other assays for point-of-care diagnostics.
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119
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Sharma V, Sharma M, Dhull D, Sharma Y, Kaushik S, Kaushik S. Zika virus: an emerging challenge to public health worldwide. Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:87-98. [PMID: 31682478 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that was first isolated from Zika forest, Uganda, in 1947. Since its inception, major and minor outbreaks have been documented from several parts of world. Aedes spp. mosquitoes are the primary vectors of ZIKV, but the virus can also be transmitted through sexual practices, materno-fetal transmission, and blood transfusion. The clinical presentations of symptomatic ZIKV infections are similar to dengue and chikungunya, including fever, headache, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, conjunctivitis, and rash. ZIKV often causes mild illness in the majority of cases, but in some instances, it is linked with congenital microcephaly and autoimmune disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome. The recent Indian ZIKV outbreak suggests that the virus is circulating in the South East Asian region and may cause new outbreaks in future. At present, no specific vaccines or antivirals are available to treat ZIKV, so management and control of ZIKV infections rely mostly on preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Dhull
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sulochana Kaushik
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Liu S, Wei M, Liu R, Kuang S, Shi C, Ma C. Lab in a Pasteur pipette: low-cost, rapid and visual detection of Bacillus cereu using denaturation bubble-mediated strand exchange amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:162-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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121
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Early diagnosis of Zika infection using a ZnO nanostructures-based rapid electrochemical biosensor. Talanta 2019; 203:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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122
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Kaygusuz D, Vural S, Aytekin AÖ, Lucas SJ, Elitas M. DaimonDNA: A portable, low-cost loop-mediated isothermal amplification platform for naked-eye detection of genetically modified organisms in resource-limited settings. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111409. [PMID: 31207569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) demands low-cost, rapid and portable GMO-detection methods that are technically and economically sustainable. Traditional nucleic acid detection platforms are still expensive, immobile and generate complex read-outs to be analyzed by experienced personal. Herein, we report the development of a portable, rapid and user-friendly GMO-detection biosensor, DaimonDNA. The system specifically amplifies the target DNA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and provides real-time, naked-eye detection with Hydroxynaphthol blue reagent in less than 30 min. The construction of the platform relies on 3D printing and off-the-shelf electronic components that makes it extremely low-cost (<25 Euro), light weight (108 g), mobile (6 × 6 × 3 cm) and suitable for field deployment. We present the detection of the soybean lectin gene as a species control, and P35S as a transgene element found in many GMO varieties. We confirmed specificity of the DaimonDNA biosensor using" RoundUp Ready (RRS)" and MON89788 soybean genomic DNA with P35S and lectin primer sets. We characterized sensitivity of our system using 76.92, 769.2 and 7692 copies of RRS soybean genomic DNA in a non-GMO background. We benchmarked the DNA amplification and detection efficiency of our system against a thermocycling machine by quantifying the images obtained from gel electrophoresis and showed that our system is comparable to most other reported isothermal amplification techniques. This system can also be used for widespread point-of-care or field-based testing that is infrequently performed due to the lack of rapid, inexpensive, user-friendly and portable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğukan Kaygusuz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Vural
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Özhan Aytekin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stuart James Lucas
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Elitas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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123
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Yin J, Suo Y, Zou Z, Sun J, Zhang S, Wang B, Xu Y, Darland D, Zhao JX, Mu Y. Integrated microfluidic systems with sample preparation and nucleic acid amplification. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2769-2785. [PMID: 31365009 PMCID: PMC8876602 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00389d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, efficient and accurate nucleic acid molecule detection is important in the screening of diseases and pathogens, yet remains a limiting factor at point of care (POC) treatment. Microfluidic systems are characterized by fast, integrated, miniaturized features which provide an effective platform for qualitative and quantitative detection of nucleic acid molecules. The nucleic acid detection process mainly includes sample preparation and target molecule amplification. Given the advancements in theoretical research and technological innovations to date, nucleic acid extraction and amplification integrated with microfluidic systems has advanced rapidly. The primary goal of this review is to outline current approaches used for nucleic acid detection in the context of microfluidic systems. The secondary goal is to identify new approaches that will help shape future trends at the intersection of nucleic acid detection and microfluidics, particularly with regard to increasing disease and pathogen detection for improved diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yuanjie Suo
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zheyu Zou
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shan Zhang
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Beng Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 China and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 China
| | - Yawei Xu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132000 China
| | - Diane Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, USA.
| | | | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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124
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Collins MH, Waggoner JJ. Detecting Vertical Zika Transmission: Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for an Emerged Flavivirus. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1055-1069. [PMID: 30951637 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (Zika) was recently responsible for a massive epidemic that spread throughout Latin America and beyond. Though Zika is typically asymptomatic or self-limiting, the sheer numbers of Zika infections led to the identification of unexpected phenotypes including sexual transmission, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and teratogenicity. Thousands of infants in South, Central, and North America have now been born with microcephaly or one of a number of fetal anomalies constituting the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Diagnosing CZS is based on a combination of clinical risk assessment and laboratory testing (which includes determining whether the mother has experienced a possible Zika infection during her pregnancy). A newborn suspected of having congenital Zika infection (due to maternal Zika infection or a birth defect described in association with congenital Zika infection) is then specifically tested for presence of Zika virus in neonatal tissue or anti-Zika IgM in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Though the guidelines are clear, there is room for considerable practice variation to emerge from individualized patient-provider encounters, largely due to limitations in diagnostic testing for Zika. The natural history of Zika further obscures our ability to know who, when, and how to test. Molecular diagnostics are highly specific but may not serve well those with asymptomatic infection. Serologic assays expand the diagnostic window but are complicated by cross-reactivity among related flaviviruses and passive immunity transferred from mother to baby. Furthermore, existing and emerging diagnostic tools may not be widely available due to limitations in resources and infrastructure of health systems in affected areas. Improvements in assay parameters as well as advances in platforms and deployability hold promise for optimizing diagnostic approaches for congenital Zika infection. The diagnostic tools and technologies under development must be integrated with forthcoming clinical knowledge of congenital Zika infection to fully realize the value that laboratory testing holds for diagnosing in utero mother to child transmission but also for understanding, predicting, and managing the health outcomes due to congenital Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jesse J. Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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125
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Nitrogen-doped porous carbon-based fluorescence sensor for the detection of ZIKV RNA sequences: fluorescence image analysis. Talanta 2019; 205:120091. [PMID: 31450455 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are universal fluorescence quenchers for DNA/RNA detection. Nevertheless, the structural stability of many MOFs is relatively weak, which limits their practical applications. Thus, it remains a great interest to develop constitutionally stable nano biosensor suitable for application in the complex environment. Herein, a new angle of nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) obtained from MOFs-based precursors by virtue of a simple method was applied as a nano biosensor for the fluorescence detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA sequences. The fluorescence signal capturing was carried out by using a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based imaging system. The NPC could adsorb TAMRA-tagged ZIKV RNA probe (P-DNA) to form P-DNA@NPC complex accompanied by substantial fluorescence quenching. Upon adding the complementary target RNA (T-RNA), the P-DNA could release from NPC by forming a double-stranded hybrid and induce the fluorescence recovery. The P-DNA@NPC complex was valid and reliable for ZIKV RNA sequences assay with a limit of detection (LoD) at 0.23 nM, which is superior to many of the previously reported fluorescent DNA sensors. Moreover, it could distinguish mismatched RNA and was effective in detecting ZIKV RNA sequences spiked in the human saliva sample. We envision that this study would offer an interesting new angle on the potential integrating application of carbon nanomaterials and CCD-based fluorescence imaging platform in the field of nucleic acid assay.
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126
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Recent Advances in Droplet-based Microfluidic Technologies for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060412. [PMID: 31226819 PMCID: PMC6631694 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used in various biochemical and molecular biological assays. Since this platform technique allows manipulation of large amounts of data and also provides absolute accuracy in comparison to conventional bioanalytical approaches, over the last decade a range of basic biochemical and molecular biological operations have been transferred to drop-based microfluidic formats. In this review, we introduce recent advances and examples of droplet-based microfluidic techniques that have been applied in biochemistry and molecular biology research including genomics, proteomics and cellomics. Their advantages and weaknesses in various applications are also comprehensively discussed here. The purpose of this review is to provide a new point of view and current status in droplet-based microfluidics to biochemists and molecular biologists. We hope that this review will accelerate communications between researchers who are working in droplet-based microfluidics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
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127
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Ricotta V, Yu Y, Clayton N, Chuang YC, Wang Y, Mueller S, Levon K, Simon M, Rafailovich M. A chip-based potentiometric sensor for a Zika virus diagnostic using 3D surface molecular imprinting. Analyst 2019; 144:4266-4280. [PMID: 31180088 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The latest Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic caused great international concern from explosively proliferating throughout the Americas. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection and available tests rely on antibodies or RNA. Unfortunately, antibody-based detection systems can result in false positive results and RNA-based detection systems are costly, time-consuming, and impractical for testing in remote regions. In this study, a potential point-of-care (POC) diagnostic system was developed using a chip-based potentiometric sensor to detect Zika virus using a 3D molecular imprinting technique. This chip-based potentiometric sensor system was able to detect 10-1 PFU mL-1 ZIKV in a buffered solution under 20 minutes without any sample manipulation. This sensor was tested against Dengue virus at clinical viral loads and showed no sign of cross-reactivity. When tested against human saliva samples containing clinical viral loads, this sensor was able to detect 10 PFU mL-1 ZIKV among the pool of bio-macromolecules. The high sensitivity and high selectivity demonstrated here proved that this lab-on-a-chip diagnostic has the potential to become a POC detection system for rapid and accurate screening of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ricotta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Ya-Chen Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Yantian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | | | - Kalle Levon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Marcia Simon
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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128
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Estrela PFN, Mendes GDM, de Oliveira KG, Bailão AM, Soares CMDA, Assunção NA, Duarte GRM. Ten-minute direct detection of Zika virus in serum samples by RT-LAMP. J Virol Methods 2019; 271:113675. [PMID: 31170469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a current threat to global health. In most of cases, ZIKV infection has no symptoms; however in some cases, ZIKV can cause paralysis (Guillain-Barré syndrome), and in pregnant women, it can cause birth defects in infants. Rapid and accurate diagnosis can help improve disease control as well as being vital to prenatal care for women living in endemic areas. Molecular diagnostics based on isothermal amplification techniques are an excellent alternative to conventional methods of DNA amplification, such as PCR. Here, we develop and optimized a rapid and sensitive method for direct detection of ZIKV in Serum samples based on RT-LAMP and visual detection. The reaction was thermally controlled with a thermoblock for 10 min at 72 °C. The results show that the use of the Bst 3.0 enzyme and an adequate optimization can further reduce the time needed for the RT-LAMP reaction to detect ZIKV. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to detect ZIKV through RT-LAMP directly from a Serum sample, without prior RNA extraction. As little as 10-3 copies of RNA in a 10 μL reaction (20 zepto-molar) was detected by RT-LAMP from a panel of 51 Serum samples (16 samples from pregnant women and 35 samples from newborns infected with ZIKV during pregnancy). The RT-LAMP has proven to be a valuable tool for molecular diagnosis of Zika, presenting a great potential for point-of-care applications, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nilson Antônio Assunção
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
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129
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Chen H, Liu K, Li Z, Wang P. Point of care testing for infectious diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:138-147. [PMID: 30853460 PMCID: PMC6462423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms and can be transmitted between individuals and populations thus threatening the general public health and potentially the economy. Efficient diagnostic tools are needed to provide accurate and timely guidance for case identification, transmission disruption and appropriate treatment administration. Point of care (POC) tests provide actionable results near the patient and thereby serve as a personal "radar". In this review, we review clinical needs for POC testing for several major pathogens, including malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dengue, Ebola and Zika viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). We compare different molecular approaches, including pathogen nucleic acid and protein, circulating microRNA and antibodies, used in the POC tests. Finally, we review recent advances in novel POC technologies focusing on microfluidic and plasmonic-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kengku Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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130
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Saylan Y, Erdem Ö, Ünal S, Denizli A. An Alternative Medical Diagnosis Method: Biosensors for Virus Detection. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E65. [PMID: 31117262 PMCID: PMC6627152 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases still pose an omnipresent threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural areas of cities. Underlying reasons of such serious maladies can be summarized as the paucity of appropriate analysis methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to the limited access of centralized and equipped health care facilities for diagnosis. Biosensors hold great impact to turn our current analytical methods into diagnostic strategies by restructuring their sensing module for the detection of biomolecules, especially nano-sized objects such as protein biomarkers and viruses. Unquestionably, current sensing platforms require continuous updates to address growing challenges in the diagnosis of viruses as viruses change quickly and spread largely from person-to-person, indicating the urgency of early diagnosis. Some of the challenges can be classified in biological barriers (specificity, low number of targets, and biological matrices) and technological limitations (detection limit, linear dynamic range, stability, and reliability), as well as economical aspects that limit their implementation into resource-scarce settings. In this review, the principle and types of biosensors and their applications in the diagnosis of distinct infectious diseases were comprehensively explained. The deployment of current biosensors into resource-scarce settings is further discussed for virus detection by elaborating the pros and cons of existing methods as a conclusion and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Özgecan Erdem
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Serhat Ünal
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey.
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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131
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Pawley D, Ricciardi MJ, Dikici E, Deo SK, Daunert S. Highly Sensitive and Selective Direct Detection of Zika Virus Particles in Human Bodily Fluids for Accurate Early Diagnosis of Infection. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6808-6818. [PMID: 31058250 PMCID: PMC6492231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that caused widespread panic beginning in 2015 in northeastern Brazil due to the threatening link between infection and fetal abnormalities such as microcephaly, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths. Since the epidemic began, the virus has been further investigated, unveiling that the long-term dangers of ZIKV infection go beyond fetal neurological impairment. Characterization of the active infection has proven difficult as only 20% of infected individuals are symptomatic. Additionally, ZIKV is often misdiagnosed due to serological cross-reactivity with similar flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile. To date, there is no approved vaccine or therapy against ZIKV, highlighting the urgent need to accurately identify active infection to help minimize the spread of the virus. Herein, we describe a highly specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect early active ZIKV using neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies isolated from infected patients in Brazil that do not cross-react with dengue viruses 1-4 and bind directly to a ZIKV immunodominant epitope. The calculated limits of detection of active ZIKV fall within the physiological ranges of the virus in human bodily fluids. This selective immunoassay creates the platform required for future translation toward a point-of-care assay for ZIKV, a necessity to diagnose active ZIKV in the remote regions of which it thrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon
C. Pawley
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr.
JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Michael J. Ricciardi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr.
JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Sapna K. Deo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr.
JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of
Medicine and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr.
JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- University
of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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132
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Visual and Rapid Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Magnetic Immunocapture-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.90016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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133
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T4 DNA polymerase-assisted upgrade of a nicking/polymerization amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Watermelon mosaic virus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2915-2924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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134
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Dromparis P, Aboelnazar NS, Wagner S, Himmat S, White CW, Hatami S, Luc JGY, Rotich S, Freed DH, Nagendran J, Mengel M, Adam BA. Ex vivo perfusion induces a time- and perfusate-dependent molecular repair response in explanted porcine lungs. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1024-1036. [PMID: 30230229 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) shows promise in ameliorating pretransplant acute lung injury (ALI) and expanding the donor organ pool, but the mechanisms of ex vivo repair remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the utility of gene expression for characterizing ALI during EVLP. One hundred sixty-nine porcine lung samples were collected in vivo (n = 25), after 0 (n = 11) and 12 (n = 11) hours of cold static preservation (CSP), and after 0 (n = 57), 6 (n = 8), and 12 (n = 57) hours of EVLP, utilizing various ventilation and perfusate strategies. The expression of 53 previously described ALI-related genes was measured and correlated with function and histology. Twenty-eight genes were significantly upregulated and 6 genes downregulated after 12 hours of EVLP. Aggregate gene sets demonstrated differential expression with EVLP (P < .001) but not CSP. Upregulated 28-gene set expression peaked after 6 hours of EVLP, whereas downregulated 6-gene set expression continued to decline after 12 hours. Cellular perfusates demonstrated a greater reduction in downregulated 6-gene set expression vs acellular perfusate (P < .038). Gene set expression correlated with relevant functional and histologic parameters, including P/F ratio (P < .001) and interstitial inflammation (P < .005). Further studies with posttransplant results are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of this novel molecular approach for assessing organ quality during EVLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dromparis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nader S Aboelnazar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siegfried Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sayed Himmat
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher W White
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanaz Hatami
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Silas Rotich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jayan Nagendran
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Adam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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135
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Development and Validation of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) for Rapid Detection of ZIKV in Mosquito Samples from Brazil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4494. [PMID: 30872672 PMCID: PMC6418238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a global public health problem, especially in areas that harbor several mosquito species responsible for virus transmission, such as Brazil. In these areas, improvement in mosquito control needs to be a top priority, but mosquito viral surveillance occurs inefficiently in ZIKV-endemic countries. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is the gold standard for molecular diagnostic of ZIKV in both human and mosquito samples. However, the technique presents high cost and limitations for Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which hampers its application for a large number of samples in entomological surveillance programs. Here, we developed and validated a one-step reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) platform for detection of ZIKV in mosquito samples. The RT-LAMP assay was highly specific for ZIKV and up to 10,000 times more sensitive than qRT-PCR. Assay validation was performed using 60 samples from Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected in Pernambuco State, Brazil, which is at the epicenter of the Zika epidemic. The RT-LAMP had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91.18%, and overall accuracy of 95.24%. Thus, our POC diagnostics is a powerful and inexpensive tool to monitor ZIKV in mosquito populations and will allow developing countries to establish better control strategies for this devastating pathogen.
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136
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You PY, Li FC, Liu MH, Chan YH. Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual-Mode Immunoassay Based on Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of Polymer Dots for Detection of PSA in Whole Blood. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9841-9849. [PMID: 30784256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although enormous efforts have been devoted to the development of new types of fluorometric immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) with improved sensitivity over the past years, it still remains a big challenge to design ICTS with colorimetric and fluorescent bimodal signal readout for rapid yet accurate detection of cancer markers in a clinic. Scientists have tried to prepare bimodal reporters by combining fluorescent dyes with metal nanomaterials, but their fluorescence was easily quenched by metal nanomaterials through surface energy transfer, making dual colorimetric and fluorometric ICTS very difficult to be achieved. As compared to conventional fluorescent probes, semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) exhibit extraordinary fluorescence brightness and facile surface functionalization, which are very suitable to be engineered as bimodal signal reporting reagents. Here, we integrated highly fluorescent Pdots with strongly plasmonic Au nanorods to form Pdot-Au hybrid nanocomposites with dual colorimetric and fluorescent readout abilities. We further utilized these nanohybrids in ICTS for qualitatively fast screening (colorimetry) as well as quantitatively accurate determination (fluorometry) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) within 10 min. By taking advantage of the plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of Pdots on Au nanorods, this immunoassay possesses much better detection sensitivity of 1.07 pg/mL for PSA, which is at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional fluorometric ICTS. Moreover, the direct detection of PSA from human whole blood collected without sample pretreatment makes this Pdot-based ICTS platform promising for on-site point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun You
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30050 , Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chu Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30050 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30050 , Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30050 , Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 30050 , Taiwan
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137
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Zhao S, He W, Ma Z, Liu P, Huang PH, Bachman H, Wang L, Yang S, Tian Z, Wang Z, Gu Y, Xie Z, Huang TJ. On-chip stool liquefaction via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:941-947. [PMID: 30702741 PMCID: PMC6626638 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based portable devices for stool analysis are important for detecting established biomarkers for gastrointestinal disorders and understanding the relationship between gut microbiota imbalances and various health conditions, ranging from digestive disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the challenge of processing stool samples in microfluidic devices hinders the development of a standalone platform. Here, we present the first microfluidic chip that can liquefy stool samples via acoustic streaming. With an acoustic transducer actively generating strong micro-vortex streaming, stool samples and buffers in microchannel can be homogenized at a flow rate up to 30 μL min-1. After homogenization, an array of 100 μm wide micropillars can further purify stool samples by filtering out large debris. A favorable biocompatibility was also demonstrated for our acoustofluidic-based stool liquefaction chip by examining bacteria morphology and viability. Moreover, stool samples with different consistencies were liquefied. Our acoustofluidic chip offers a miniaturized, robust, and biocompatible solution for stool sample preparation in a microfluidic environment and can be potentially integrated with stool analysis units for designing portable stool diagnostics platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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138
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Reed AJ, Connelly RP, Williams A, Tran M, Shim BS, Choe H, Gerasimova YV. Label-Free Pathogen Detection by a Deoxyribozyme Cascade with Visual Signal Readout. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 282:945-951. [PMID: 31462856 PMCID: PMC6713451 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric nucleic acid based test for label-free pathogen detection has been developed and used for the detection of the Zika virus. The test relies on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) of a viral RNA followed by interrogation of the amplicon by a cascade of deoxyribozymes constituting a visual split deoxyribozyme (vsDz) probe. The probe consists of a split phosphodiesterase deoxyribozyme, which forms its catalytic core upon binding to a specific amplicon fragment. The catalytically active complex recognizes and cleaves an inhibited peroxidase-like deoxyribozyme (PDz), thereby activating it. Active PDz catalyzes hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of a colorless substrate into a colored product, thereby generating a visible signal. Viral RNA (106 copies/mL or higher) triggers intense color within 2 hr. The test selectively differentiates between Zika and closely related dengue and West Nile viruses. The reported technology combines isothermal amplification and visual detection and therefore represents a basis for the future development of a cost-efficient and instrument-free method for point-of-care nucleic acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Reed
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Ryan P. Connelly
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Allison Williams
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Maithi Tran
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yulia V. Gerasimova
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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139
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Zika virus diagnosis: challenges and solutions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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140
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Saraf N, Villegas M, Willenberg BJ, Seal S. Multiplex Viral Detection Platform Based on a Aptamers-Integrated Microfluidic Channel. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2234-2240. [PMID: 30729227 PMCID: PMC6358057 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic device has been developed for the multiplex detection of viral envelope proteins such as Zika and chikungunya on a single platform using aptamer-analyte interactions. The channel is integrated with microsized pillars that increase the surface area allowing more aptamers to attach to the incoming envelope protein molecules, thus increasing the overall sensitivity of the system. The working of the device depends on the formation of protein-mediated sandwich morphology that is obtained using an aptamer and aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) pair. The colorimetric signal is obtained upon introduction of silver reagents into the channel, which are selectively deposited on the AuNP surface, providing a gray contrast in the testing zone. The microfluidic channel approach successfully detected clinically relevant concentrations of Zika and chikungunya envelope proteins in phosphine-buffered saline (1 pM) and calf blood (100 pM) with high specificity using gold-decorated aptamers integrated in a microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Michael Villegas
- University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United
States
| | - Bradley Jay Willenberg
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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141
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Fohlerova Z, Chang H, Iliescu C, Neuzil P. LAMP-on-a-chip: Revising microfluidic platforms for loop-mediated DNA amplification. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 113:44-53. [PMID: 32287531 PMCID: PMC7112807 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification for the detection of infectious diseases, food pathogens, or assessment of genetic disorders require a laboratory setting with specialized equipment and technical expertise. Isothermal deoxyribonucleic acid amplification methods, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), exhibit characteristics ideal for point-of-care (POC) applications, since their instrumentation is simpler in comparison with the standard method of polymerase chain reaction. Other key advantages of LAMP are robustness and the production of pyrophosphate in the presence of the target gene, enabling to detect the reaction products using the naked eye. Polymerase inhibitors, presented in clinical samples, do not affect the amplification process, making LAMP suitable for a simple sample-to-answer diagnostic systems with simplified sample preparation. In this review, we discuss the trends in miniaturized LAMP techniques, such as microfluidic, paper-based, and digital with their advantages and disadvantages, especially for POC applications alongside our opinion of the future development of miniaturized LAMP. Introduction of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and its principle. Classical microfluidics-based LAMP for DNA/RNA detection. Paper-based LAMP. Microfluidic-based digital LAMP. Future of microfluidic LAMP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Zhang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Microsystem Engineering, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Microsystem Engineering, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China
| | - Zdenka Fohlerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Honglong Chang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Microsystem Engineering, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive #14-01, 117599, Singapore
| | - Pavel Neuzil
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Microsystem Engineering, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, PR China.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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142
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Takemura K, Adegoke O, Suzuki T, Park EY. A localized surface plasmon resonance-amplified immunofluorescence biosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of nonstructural protein 1 of Zika virus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211517. [PMID: 30703161 PMCID: PMC6355018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the members of flaviviruses, the Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a potent infectious disease agent, with its associated pandemic prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a global public health concern. Thus, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the ZIKV is needed. In this study, we report a new immunofluorescence biosensor for the detection of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the ZIKV, which operates using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signal from plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to amplify the fluorescence intensity signal of quantum dots (QDs) within an antigen-antibody detection process. The LSPR signal from the AuNPs was used to amplify the fluorescence intensity of the QDs. For ultrasensitive, rapid, and quantitative detection of NS1 of the ZIKV, four different thiol-capped AuNPs were investigated. Our biosensor could detect the ZIKV in a wide concentration range from 10-107 RNA copies/mL, and we found that the limit of detection (LOD) for the ZIKV followed the order Ab-L-cysteine-AuNPs (LOD = 8.2 copies/mL) > Ab-3-mercaptopropionic acid-AuNPs (LOD = 35.0 copies/mL). Immunofluorescence biosensor for NS1 exhibited excellent specificity against other negative control targets and could also detect the ZIKV in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Oluwasesan Adegoke
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handa-yama, Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
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143
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Tancharoen C, Sukjee W, Thepparit C, Jaimipuk T, Auewarakul P, Thitithanyanont A, Sangma C. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Surface Imprinting for Zika Virus Detection in Serum. ACS Sens 2019; 4:69-75. [PMID: 30596236 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that was first identified in 1947. Initially, the virus was of little concern for health authorities given there were very few casualties among those suffering an infection. As such, only limited studies were performed on ZIKV. Recently, the viral infection has been linked to microcephaly in infants, which has prompted a dramatic increase in scientific interest in ZIKV research, including methods to allow for rapid virus identification. In this work we report the development of a new type of ZIKV electrochemical biosensor based on surface imprinted polymers and graphene oxide composites. The biosensor was used to detect ZIKV by measuring changes in the electrical signal with changing virus concentrations in buffer and serum using standard electrochemical techniques. The detection limit of our method is similar to the detection limit of the real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompoonuch Tancharoen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Sukjee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutima Thepparit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thitigun Jaimipuk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chak Sangma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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144
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LampPort: a handheld digital microfluidic device for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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145
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Ding X, Mauk MG, Yin K, Kadimisetty K, Liu C. Interfacing Pathogen Detection with Smartphones for Point-of-Care Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:655-672. [PMID: 30428666 PMCID: PMC6867037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Michael G. Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Karteek Kadimisetty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Changchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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146
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Rong Z, Wang Q, Sun N, Jia X, Wang K, Xiao R, Wang S. Smartphone-based fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay platform for highly sensitive point-of-care detection of Zika virus nonstructural protein 1. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1055:140-147. [PMID: 30782365 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostic tests in low-resource settings with limited laboratory equipment and technical expertise are instrumental in reducing morbidity and mortality from epidemic infectious diseases. We developed a smartphone-based fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform for the highly sensitive point-of-care detection of Zika virus nonstructural protein 1 (ZIKV NS1). An attachment was designed and 3D-printed to integrate the smartphone with external optical and electrical components, enabling the miniaturization of the instrument and reduction in cost and complexity. Quantum dot microspheres were utilized as probes in fluorescent LFIA because of their extremely bright fluorescence signal. This approach can achieve quantitative point-of-care detection of ZIKV NS1 within 20 min. Limits of detection (LODs) in buffer and serum were 0.045 and 0.15 ng mL-1, respectively. Despite the high structural similarity, a high-level Dengue virus NS1 as interferent showed limited cross-reactivity. Furthermore, this assay was successfully applied to detecte ZIKV NS1 and virions spiked in complex biological samples, indicating its practical application capability. Given its low cost, compact size, and excellent analytical performance, the proposed smartphone-based fluorescent LFIA platform holds considerable potential in rapid and accurate point-of-care detection of ZIKV NS1 and provides new insight into the design and application of molecular diagnostic methods in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Beijing Meiling Biotechnology Corporation, Beijing, 102600, PR China
| | - Nanxi Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; College of Life Sciences & Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Keli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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147
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Zhu Z. Smartphone-based apparatus for measuring upconversion luminescence lifetimes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1054:122-127. [PMID: 30712582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence lifetime detection plays an important role in time-resolved detection and research. However, the traditional instruments always require expensive detectors such as time-correlated single photon counter or streak camera. Herein, a low-cost and miniaturized apparatus for measuring upconversion luminescence lifetimes was developed by using a smartphone equipped with a 980 nm CW laser and a motor. When the motor was driving the sample circling at a high linear velocity, the excited sample would emit a luminescence arc, which could be photographed by the phone camera. The rotating rate could be measured by a tuner APP and then used for transferring arc length to delay times. By analyzing the grayscale distribution of the luminescence arc, the luminescence decay curve was obtained, which was then used for exponential fit and calculating lifetimes. The images captured by different smartphones revealed similar lifetime values, suggesting a wide universality of this method. The whole system was not only remarkably cheaper but also more miniaturized than traditional instruments for measuring luminescence lifetimes, indicating the promising applications in point of care testing for time-resolved luminescence detection for bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zece Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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148
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Jiang X, Loeb JC, Manzanas C, Lednicky JA, Fan ZH. Valve-Enabled Sample Preparation and RNA Amplification in a Coffee Mug for Zika Virus Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17211-17214. [PMID: 30358036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection represent a public health challenge. Rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools for ZIKV detection at the point of care (POC) are highly desirable, especially for resource-limited nations. To address the need, we have developed an integrated device to achieve sample-to-answer ZIKV detection. The device features innovative ball-based valves enabling the storage and sequential delivery of reagents for virus lysis and a paper-based unit for RNA enrichment and purification. The paper unit is placed in a commercially available coffee mug that provides a constant temperature for reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), followed by colorimetric detection by naked eye or a cellphone camera. Using the device, we demonstrated the reproducible detection of ZIKV in human urine and saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Carlos Manzanas
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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149
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Jiang X, Loeb JC, Manzanas C, Lednicky JA, Fan ZH. Valve‐Enabled Sample Preparation and RNA Amplification in a Coffee Mug for Zika Virus Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, and Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Carlos Manzanas
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, and Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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150
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Herrada CA, Kabir MA, Altamirano R, Asghar W. Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection. J Med Device 2018; 12:0408021-4080211. [PMID: 30662580 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Herrada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Rommel Altamirano
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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