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Forouzanfar S, Khakpour I, Alam F, Pala N, Wang C. Novel application of electrochemical bipolar exfoliated graphene for highly sensitive disposable label-free cancer biomarker aptasensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5948-5958. [PMID: 36132673 PMCID: PMC9418564 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Label-free aptasensors can be a promising point-of-care biosensor for detecting various cancer diseases due to their selectivity, sensitivity, and lower cost of production and operation. In this study, a highly sensitive aptasensor based on gold-covered polyethylene terephthalate electrodes (PET/Au) decorated with bipolar exfoliated graphene is proposed as a possible contender for disposable label-free aptasensor applications. Bipolar electrochemical exfoliation enables simultaneous exfoliation, reduction, and deposition of graphene nanosheets on prospective electrodes. Our comparative study confirms that the bipolar exfoliated graphene deposited on the negative feeding electrode (i.e., reduced graphene oxide) possesses better electrochemical properties for aptasensing. The optimized aptasensor based on bipolar exfoliated graphene deposited on PET/Au electrodes exhibits a highly sensitive response of 4.07 μA log c -1 (unit of c, pM) which is linear in the range of 0.0007-20 nM, and has a low limit of detection of 0.65 pM (S/N = 3). The aptasensor establishes highly selective performance with a stability of 91.2% after 6 days. This study demonstrates that bipolar electrochemistry is a simple yet efficient technique that could provide high-quality graphene for biosensing applications. Considering its simplicity and efficiency, the BPE technique promises the development of feasible and affordable lab-on-chip and point-of-care cancer diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Forouzanfar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University USA
| | - Iman Khakpour
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University USA
| | - Fahmida Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University USA
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University USA
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University USA
- Center for Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions, Florida International University USA
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102
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Perdomo SA, Ortega V, Jaramillo-Botero A, Mancilla N, Mosquera-DeLaCruz JH, Valencia DP, Quimbaya M, Contreras JD, Velez GE, Loaiza OA, Gómez A, de la Roche J. SenSARS: A Low-Cost Portable Electrochemical System for Ultra-Sensitive, Near Real-Time, Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2021; 70:4007710. [PMID: 35582002 PMCID: PMC8843068 DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3119147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A critical path to solving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, without further socioeconomic impact, is to stop its spread. For this to happen, pre- or asymptomatic individuals infected with the virus need to be detected and isolated opportunely. Unfortunately, there are no current ubiquitous (i.e., ultra-sensitive, cheap, and widely available) rapid testing tools capable of early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this article, we introduce an accurate, portable, and low-cost medical device and bio-nanosensing electrode dubbed SenSARS and its experimental validation. SenSARS' device measures the electrochemical impedance spectra of a disposable bio-modified screen-printed carbon-based working electrode (SPCE) to the changes in the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen molecules ("S" spike proteins) contained within a sub-microliter fluid sample deposited on its surface. SenSARS offers real-time diagnostics and viral load tracking capabilities. Positive and negative control tests were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at different concentrations (between 1 and 50 fg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2(S), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein gp350, and Influenza H1N1 M1 recombinant viral proteins. We demonstrate that SenSARS is easy to use, with a portable and lightweight (< 200 g) instrument and disposable test electrodes (
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy A. Perdomo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | - Viviana Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleCali760032Colombia
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering DivisionCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
- Omicas ProgramPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | - Nelson Mancilla
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | | | | | - Mauricio Quimbaya
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | - Juan David Contreras
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | | | - Oscar A. Loaiza
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
| | - Adriana Gómez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCali760031Colombia
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103
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Sher M, Faheem A, Asghar W, Cinti S. Nano-engineered screen-printed electrodes: A dynamic tool for detection of viruses. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116374. [PMID: 34177011 PMCID: PMC8215883 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of portable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use biosensors for the rapid detection of diseases caused by infectious viruses: COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the central role of diagnostics in response to global outbreaks. Among all the existing technologies, screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represent a valuable technology for the detection of various viral pathogens. During the last five years, various nanomaterials have been utilized to modify SPEs to achieve convincing effects on the analytical performances of portable SPE-based diagnostics. Herein we would like to provide the readers a comprehensive investigation about the recent combination of SPEs and various nanomaterials for detecting viral pathogens. Manufacturing methods and features advances are critically discussed in the context of early-stage detection of diseases caused by HIV-1, HBV, HCV, Zika, Dengue, and Sars-CoV-2. A detailed table is reported to easily guide readers toward the "right" choice depending on the virus of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Aroosha Faheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055 Naples, Italy
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104
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Kaushik A, Khan R, Solanki P, Gandhi S, Gohel H, Mishra YK. From Nanosystems to a Biosensing Prototype for an Efficient Diagnostic: A Special Issue in Honor of Professor Bansi D. Malhotra. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:359. [PMID: 34677315 PMCID: PMC8533924 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that rapid bioinformatics analysis according to patient health profiles, in addition to biomarker detection at a low level, is emerging as essential to design an analytical diagnostics system to manage health intelligently in a personalized manner. Such objectives need an optimized combination of a nano-enabled sensing prototype, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported predictive analysis, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based bioinformatics analysis. Such a developed system began with a prototype demonstration of efficient diseases diagnostics performance is the future diseases management approach. To explore these aspects, the Special Issue planned for the nano-and micro-technology section of MDPI's Biosensors journal will honor and acknowledge the contributions of Prof. B.D. Malhotra, Ph.D., FNA, FNASc has made in the field of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials & Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal 462026, India;
| | - Pratima Solanki
- Special Center for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India;
| | - Hardik Gohel
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA;
| | - Yogendra K. Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
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105
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Bhardwaj SK, Mujawar M, Mishra YK, Hickman N, Chavali M, Kaushik A. Bio-inspired graphene-based nano-systems for biomedical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32. [PMID: 34371491 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1bdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands of environmentally sustainable, affordable, and scalable materials have inspired researchers to explore greener nanosystems of unique properties which can enhance the performance of existing systems. Such nanosystems, extracted from nature, are state-of-art high-performance nanostructures due to intrinsic hierarchical micro/nanoscale architecture and generous interfacial interactions in natural resources. Among several, bio-inspired nanosystems graphene nanosystems have emerged as an essential nano-platform wherein a highly electroactive, scalable, functional, flexible, and adaptable to a living being is a key factor. Preliminary investigation project bio-inspired graphene nanosystems as a multi-functional nano-platform suitable for electronic devices, energy storage, sensors, and medical sciences application. However, a broad understanding of bio-inspired graphene nanosystems and their projection towards applied application is not well-explored yet. Considering this as a motivation, this mini-review highlights the following; the emergence of bio-inspired graphene nanosystems, over time development to make them more efficient, state-of-art technology, and potential applications, mainly biomedical including biosensors, drug delivery, imaging, and biomedical systems. The outcomes of this review will certainly serve as a guideline to motivate scholars to design and develop novel bio-inspired graphene nanosystems to develop greener, affordable, and scalable next-generation biomedical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubarak Mujawar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, United States of America
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Nicoleta Hickman
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, United States of America
| | - Murthy Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Alliance University, Bengaluru 562 106, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, United States of America
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106
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Xue Q, Kan X, Pan Z, Li Z, Pan W, Zhou F, Duan X. An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113286. [PMID: 33990035 PMCID: PMC8091738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally affected the lives of more than one hundred million people. RT-PCR based molecular test is recommended as the gold standard method for diagnosing current infections. However, transportation and processing of the clinical sample for detecting virus require an expert operator and long processing time. Testing device enables on-site virus detection could reduce the sample-to-answer time, which plays a central role in containing the pandemic. In this work, we proposed an intelligent face mask, where a flexible immunosensor based on high density conductive nanowire array, a miniaturized impedance circuit, and wireless communication units were embedded. The sub-100 nm size and the gap between the neighbored nanowires facilitate the locking of nanoscale virus particles by the nanowire arrays and greatly improve the detection efficiency. Such a point-of-care (POC) system was demonstrated for coronavirus 'spike' protein and whole virus aerosol detection in simulated human breath. Detection of viral concentration as low as 7 pfu/mL from the atomized sample of coronavirus aerosol mimic was achieved in only 5 min. The POC systems can be readily applied for preliminary screening of coronavirus infections on-site and may help to understand the COVID-19 progression while a patient is under prescribed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyuan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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107
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Krishnan S, Dusane A, Morajkar R, Venkat A, Vernekar AA. Deciphering the role of nanostructured materials in the point-of-care diagnostics for COVID-19: a comprehensive review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5967-5981. [PMID: 34254626 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infamous COVID-19 outbreak has left a crippling impact on the economy, healthcare infrastructure, and lives of the general working class, with all the scientists determined to find suitable and efficient diagnostic techniques and therapies to contain its ramifications. This article presents the complete outline of the diagnostic platforms developed using nanoparticles in the detection of SARS-CoV-2, delineating the direct and indirect use of nanomaterials in COVID-19 diagnosis. The properties of nanostructured materials and their relevance in the development of novel point-of-care diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 are highlighted. More importantly, the advantages of nanotechnologies over conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique and few other methods used in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 along with the viewpoints are discussed. Also, the future perspectives highlighting the commercial aspects of the nanotechnology-based diagnostic tools developed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apurva Dusane
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Rasmi Morajkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Akila Venkat
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Amit A Vernekar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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108
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Ukhurebor KE, Singh KR, Nayak V, Uk-Eghonghon G. Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review from the climate change perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1060-1078. [PMID: 34132283 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00154j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) in the early part of 2020, there is no doubt that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has placed great tension globally and has affected almost all aspects of human endeavors. There are presently several research studies on the atmospheric environmental and economic effects of this dreaded virus. Supposedly, the responses ought to have also present innovations that would advance scientific research to mitigate its impacts since most of the ensuing consequences impact the atmospheric climatic conditions. Even when it appears that economic events would possibly return in no time, the circumstances will change. Specifically, from the existing literature, it appears that not much has been done to study the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on climate change. Hence, this present review article will explore the possible connection between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and climate change. The utilization of various scientific domains for climate change studies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and exploring the positive influences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and measures to avoid the negative impacts on climate change owing to SARS-CoV-2 have also been discussed.
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109
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Solanki S, Soni A, Agrawal VV, Pandey MK, Sumana G. Ultrasensitive Immunosensor Based on Langmuir-Blodgett Deposited Ordered Graphene Assemblies for Dengue Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8705-8713. [PMID: 34278796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript partially reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheet-based electrodes have been utilized for quantification of the NS1 protein and subsequently for dengue detection. NS1 is the biomarker found circulating in the body of dengue-infected persons on or after first day of the appearance of disease symptoms. Graphene oxide (GO) has been synthesized using a modified Hummer's method, and its ordered nanostructured films have been electrophoretically deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. Deposited LB films of GO have been reduced with hydrazine vapors to obtain RGO-coated ITO electrodes. NS1 antibodies have been grafted onto the ordered thin films using covalent linking, and the bioelectrodes have been utilized for the specific detection of NS1 antigen. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated bioelectrodes for NS1 antigen detection has been explored in standard and spiked sera samples. The limit of detection for the standard samples and spiked serum samples is found to be 0.069 ng mL-1 and 0.081 ng mL-1, respectively, with a sensitivity of 8.41 and 36.75 Ω per ng mL, respectively, in the detection range of 101 to 107 ng mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Solanki
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Amrita Soni
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Ved Varun Agrawal
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - M K Pandey
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
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110
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Djaileb A, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Coutu J, Ricard P, Lamarre M, Rochet L, Cellier-Goetghebeur S, Macaulay D, Charron B, Lavallée É, Thibault V, Stevenson K, Forest S, Live LS, Abonnenc N, Guedon A, Quessy P, Lemay JF, Farnós O, Kamen A, Stuible M, Gervais C, Durocher Y, Cholette F, Mesa C, Kim J, Cayer MP, de Grandmont MJ, Brouard D, Trottier S, Boudreau D, Pelletier JN, Masson JF. Cross-validation of ELISA and a portable surface plasmon resonance instrument for IgG antibody serology with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Analyst 2021; 146:4905-4917. [PMID: 34250530 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors and matching ELISAs for the detection of nucleocapsid and spike antibodies specific against the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) in human serum, plasma and dried blood spots (DBS). When exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the immune system responds by expressing antibodies at levels that can be detected and monitored to identify the fraction of the population potentially immunized against SARS-CoV-2 and support efforts to deploy a vaccine strategically. A SPR sensor coated with a peptide monolayer and functionalized with various sources of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant proteins expressed in different cell lines detected human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in clinical samples. Nucleocapsid expressed in different cell lines did not significantly change the sensitivity of the assays, whereas the use of a CHO cell line to express spike ectodomain led to excellent performance. This bioassay was performed on a portable SPR instrument capable of measuring 4 biological samples within 30 minutes of sample/sensor contact and the chip could be regenerated at least 9 times. Multi-site validation was then performed with in-house and commercial ELISA, which revealed excellent cross-correlations with Pearson's coefficients exceeding 0.85 in all cases, for measurements in DBS and plasma. This strategy paves the way to point-of-care and rapid testing for antibodies in the context of viral infection and vaccine efficacy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Djaileb
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada. and Affinité Instruments, 1250 rue Guy, Suite 600, Montréal, Québec H3H 2L3, Canada
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Julien Coutu
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ricard
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Lamarre
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Léa Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Stella Cellier-Goetghebeur
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Devin Macaulay
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benjamin Charron
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Étienne Lavallée
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Vincent Thibault
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Keisean Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Simon Forest
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Ludovic S Live
- Affinité Instruments, 1250 rue Guy, Suite 600, Montréal, Québec H3H 2L3, Canada
| | - Nanouk Abonnenc
- CNETE and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Cégep de Shawinigan, 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, Québec G9N 6 V8, Canada
| | - Anthony Guedon
- CNETE and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Cégep de Shawinigan, 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, Québec G9N 6 V8, Canada
| | - Patrik Quessy
- CNETE and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Cégep de Shawinigan, 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, Québec G9N 6 V8, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lemay
- CNETE and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Cégep de Shawinigan, 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, Québec G9N 6 V8, Canada
| | - Omar Farnós
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University McConnell Engineering Building, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University McConnell Engineering Building, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Cholette
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services, National Microbiology Laboratory at the JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services, National Microbiology Laboratory at the JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John Kim
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services, National Microbiology Laboratory at the JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Cayer
- Héma-Québec, Affaires médicales et innovation, 1070, avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, G1V 5C3, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Joëlle de Grandmont
- Héma-Québec, Affaires médicales et innovation, 1070, avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, G1V 5C3, Québec, Canada
| | - Danny Brouard
- Héma-Québec, Affaires médicales et innovation, 1070, avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec City, G1V 5C3, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec and Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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111
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Torres MDT, de Araujo WR, de Lima LF, Ferreira AL, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-cost biosensor for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 at the point of care. MATTER 2021; 4:2403-2416. [PMID: 33997767 PMCID: PMC8106877 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has killed over 3 million people worldwide. Despite the urgency of the current pandemic, most available diagnostic methods for COVID-19 use RT-PCR to detect nucleic acid sequences specific to SARS-CoV-2. These tests are limited by their requirement of a large laboratory space, high reagent costs, multistep sample preparation, and the potential for cross-contamination. Moreover, results usually take hours to days to become available. Therefore, fast, reliable, inexpensive, and scalable point-of-care diagnostics are urgently needed. Here, we describe RAPID 1.0, a simple, handheld, and highly sensitive miniaturized biosensor modified with human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. RAPID 1.0 can detect SARS-CoV-2 using 10 μL of sample within 4 min through its increased resistance to charge transfer of a redox probe measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of RAPID for nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab and saliva samples are 85.3% and 100% and 100% and 86.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William R de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas F de Lima
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - André L Ferreira
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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112
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Gage A, Brunson K, Morris K, Wallen SL, Dhau J, Gohel H, Kaushik A. Perspectives of Manipulative and High-Performance Nanosystems to Manage Consequences of Emerging New Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.700888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants made the COVID-19 infection pandemic and/or endemic more severe and life-threatening due to ease of transmission, rapid infection, high mortality, and capacity to neutralize the therapeutic ability of developed vaccines. These consequences raise questions on established COVID-19 infection management strategies based on nano-assisted approaches, including rapid diagnostics, therapeutics, and efficient trapping and virus eradication through stimuli-assisted masks and filters composed of nanosystems. Considering these concerns as motivation, this perspective article highlights the role and aspects of nano-enabled approaches to manage the consequences of the COVID-19 infection pandemic associated with newer SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and significance generated due to mutations. The controlled high-performance of a nanosystem seems capable of effectively detecting new variables for rapid diagnostics, performing site-specific delivery of a therapeutic agent needed for effective treatment, and developing technologies to purify the air and sanitizing premises. The outcomes of this report project manipulative, multifunctional nanosystems for developing high-performance technologies needed to manage consequences of newer SARS-CoV-2 variants efficiently and effectively through an overall targeted, smart approach.
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113
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Saha U, Todi K, Malhotra BD. Emerging DNA-based multifunctional nano-biomaterials towards electrochemical sensing applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10305-10319. [PMID: 34086027 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA is known to be ubiquitous in nature as it is the controlling unit for genetic information storage in most living organisms. Lately, there has been a surge in studies relating to the use of DNA as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications such as biosensing, therapeutics, and drug delivery. The role of DNA as a bioreceptor in biosensors has been known for a long time. DNA-based biosensors are gradually evolving into highly sophisticated and sensitive molecular devices. The current realization of DNA-based biosensors embraces the unique structural and functional properties of DNA in the form of a biopolymer. The interesting properties of DNA, such as self-assembly, programmability, catalytic activity, dynamic behavior, and precise molecular recognition, have led to the emergence of innovative DNA assembly based electrochemical biosensors. This review article aims to cover the recent progress in the field of DNA-based electrochemical (EC) biosensors. It commences with an introduction to electrochemical biosensors and elucidates the advantages of integrating DNA-based materials into them. Besides this, we discuss the principles of EC biosensors based on different types of DNA-based materials. The article concludes by highlighting the outlook and importance of this interesting field for biomedical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udiptya Saha
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Keshav Todi
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, New Delhi 110042, India.
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114
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Ranjan P, Thomas V, Kumar P. 2D materials as a diagnostic platform for the detection and sensing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a bird's-eye view. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4608-4619. [PMID: 34013310 PMCID: PMC8559401 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide infections and fatalities caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants responsible for COVID-19 have significantly impeded the economic growth of many nations. People in many nations have lost their livelihoods, it has severely impacted international relations and, most importantly, health infrastructures across the world have been tormented. This pandemic has already left footprints on human psychology, traits, and priorities and is certainly going to lead towards a new world order in the future. As always, science and technology have come to the rescue of the human race. The prevention of infection by instant and repeated cleaning of surfaces that are most likely to be touched in daily life and sanitization drives using medically prescribed sanitizers and UV irradiation of textiles are the first steps to breaking the chain of transmission. However, the real challenge is to develop and uplift medical infrastructure, such as diagnostic tools capable of prompt diagnosis and instant and economic medical treatment that is available to the masses. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, are atomic sheets that have been in the news for quite some time due to their unprecedented electronic mobilities, high thermal conductivity, appreciable thermal stability, excellent anchoring capabilities, optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and a unique capability to integrate with arbitrary surfaces. These attributes of 2D materials make them lucrative for use as an active material platform for authentic and prompt (within minutes) disease diagnosis via electrical or optical diagnostic tools or via electrochemical diagnosis. We present the opportunities provided by 2D materials as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Physics, UAE University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India.
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115
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Ehsan MA, Khan SA, Rehman A. Screen-Printed Graphene/Carbon Electrodes on Paper Substrates as Impedance Sensors for Detection of Coronavirus in Nasopharyngeal Fluid Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1030. [PMID: 34205178 PMCID: PMC8227093 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global pandemic, which has resulted in more than one million deaths with tens of millions reported cases, requires a fast, accurate, and portable testing mechanism operable in the field environment. Electrochemical sensors, based on paper substrates with portable electrochemical devices, can prove an excellent alternative in mitigating the economic and public health effects of the disease. Herein, we present an impedance biosensor for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizing the IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. This label-free platform utilizing screen-printed electrodes works on the principle of redox reaction impedance of a probe and can detect antigen spikes directly in nasopharyngeal fluid as well as virus samples collected in the universal transport medium (UTM). High conductivity graphene/carbon ink is used for this purpose so as to have a small background impedance that leads to a wider dynamic range of detection. Antibody immobilization onto the electrode surface was conducted through a chemical entity or a biological entity to see their effect; where a biological immobilization can enhance the antibody loading and thereby the sensitivity. In both cases, we were able to have a very low limit of quantification (i.e., 0.25 fg/mL), however, the linear range was 3 orders of magnitude wider for the biological entity-based immobilization. The specificity of the sensor was also tested against high concentrations of H1N1 flu antigens with no appreciable response. The most optimized sensors are used to identify negative and positive COVID-19 samples with great accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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116
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Yadav AK, Verma D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Solanki PR. The perspectives of biomarker-based electrochemical immunosensors, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things toward COVID-19 diagnosis and management. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2021; 20:100443. [PMID: 33615086 PMCID: PMC7877231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 an international health emergency due to the severity of infection progression, which became more severe due to its continuous spread globally and the unavailability of appropriate therapy and diagnostics systems. Thus, there is a need for efficient devices to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage. Nowadays, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is being applied for detecting this virus around the globe; however, factors such as stringent expertise, long diagnostic times, invasive and painful screening, and high costs have restricted the use of RT-PCR methods for rapid diagnostics. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, portable, sensitive, prompt and selective sensing systems to detect SARS-CoV-2 in biofluids at fM/pM/nM concentrations would be a breakthrough in diagnostics. Immunosensors that show increased specificity and sensitivity are considerably fast and do not imply costly reagents or instruments, reducing the cost for COVID-19 detection. The current developments in immunosensors perhaps signify the most significant opportunity for a rapid assay to detect COVID-19, without the need of highly skilled professionals and specialized tools to interpret results. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can also be equipped with this immunosensing approach to investigate useful networking through database management, sharing, and analytics to prevent and manage COVID-19. Herein, we represent the collective concepts of biomarker-based immunosensors along with AI and IoMT as smart sensing strategies with bioinformatics approach to monitor non-invasive early stage SARS-CoV-2 development, with fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as the crucial goal. This approach should be implemented quickly and verified practicality for clinical samples before being set in the present times for mass-diagnostic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Verma
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - A Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - P Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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117
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Nanotechnology-based approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses: Special emphasis on COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104908. [PMID: 33932543 PMCID: PMC8079947 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the major concern of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases has become an increasingly important area of public health concern, and it is of significance to anticipate future pandemic that would inevitably threaten human lives. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged virus that causes mild to severe pneumonia. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a very much concerned issue worldwide after its super-spread across the globe and emerging viral diseases have not got specific and reliable diagnostic and treatments. As the COVID-19 pandemic brings about a massive life-loss across the globe, there is an unmet need to discover a promising and typically effective diagnosis and treatment to prevent super-spreading and mortality from being decreased or even eliminated. This study was carried out to overview nanotechnology-based diagnostic and treatment approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses with the current treatment of the disease and shed light on nanotechnology's remarkable potential to provide more effective treatment and prevention to a special focus on recently emerged coronavirus.
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118
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Yadav S, Sadique MA, Ranjan P, Kumar N, Singhal A, Srivastava AK, Khan R. SERS Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2974-2995. [PMID: 35014387 PMCID: PMC7986978 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current scenario, an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, places a dreadful burden on the healthcare system worldwide. Subsequently, there is a need for a rapid, user-friendly, and inexpensive on-site monitoring system for diagnosis. The early and rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in combating the outbreak. Although conventional methods such as PCR, RT-PCR, and ELISA, etc., offer a gold-standard solution to manage the pandemic, they cannot be implemented as a point-of-care (POC) testing arrangement. Moreover, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) having a high enhancement factor provides quantitative results with high specificity, sensitivity, and multiplex detection ability but lacks in POC setup. In contrast, POC devices such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) offer rapid, simple-to-use, cost-effective, reliable platform. However, LFIA has limitations in quantitative and sensitive analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detection. To resolve these concerns, herein we discuss a unique modality that is an integration of SERS with LFIA for quantitative analyses of SARS-CoV-2. The miniaturization ability of SERS-based devices makes them promising in biosensor application and has the potential to make a better alternative of conventional diagnostic methods. This review also demonstrates the commercially available and FDA/ICMR approved LFIA kits for on-site diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Yadav
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
(AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohd. Abubakar Sadique
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Pushpesh Ranjan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
(AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
(AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
(AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre,
CSIR−Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
(AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
(AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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119
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Nouri R, Tang Z, Dong M, Liu T, Kshirsagar A, Guan W. CRISPR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2: A review from sample to result. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113012. [PMID: 33497879 PMCID: PMC7826142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) has raised significant public health concern. Rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for early treatment and control of the disease spread. In the past few years, CRISPR technology has shown great potential for highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics. Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing interest in implementing CRISPR-based diagnostic principles to develop fast and precise methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we reviewed and summarized these CRISPR-based diagnostic systems as well as their characteristics and challenges. We also provided future perspectives of CRISPR-based sensing towards point-of-care molecular diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Aneesh Kshirsagar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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120
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Chauhan D, Yadav AK, Solanki PR. Carbon cloth-based immunosensor for detection of 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:145. [PMID: 33792779 PMCID: PMC8012417 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a global health concern due to its serious health impacts, and at present, the monitoring of VD status is expensive. Here, a novel immunosensor for sensitive and label-free detection of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25VD3) is reported. Nanostructured cerium(IV) oxide (nCeO2) was anchored onto carbon cloth (CC) via electrophoretic deposition to fabricate a nanoplatform (nCeO2/CC). Subsequently, bioactive molecules (anti-25VD3 and BSA) were introduced to fabricate the nanobioplatform BSA/anti-25VD3/nCeO2/CC as an immunosensor. The analytical performance of the developed immunosensor was studied towards 25VD3 detection. The immunosensor provides a broad linear range of 1-200 ng mL-1, high sensitivity of 2.08 μA ng−1 mL cm−2, a detection limit of 4.63 ng mL−1, and a response time of 15 min, which is better than that of previous reports. The biosensor exhibited high selectivity, good reproducibility, and excellent stability for about 45 days. The potential application of the proposed immunosensor was observed for real serum samples towards 25VD3 detection that demonstrated a high correlation with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chauhan
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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121
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Tarim EA, Karakuzu B, Oksuz C, Sarigil O, Kizilkaya M, Al-Ruweidi MKAA, Yalcin HC, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based virus detection methods for respiratory diseases. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:143-168. [PMID: 33786415 PMCID: PMC7992628 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the importance of rapid and direct detection of respiratory disease viruses has been well recognized. The detection of these viruses with novel technologies is vital in timely prevention and treatment strategies for epidemics and pandemics. Respiratory viruses can be detected from saliva, swab samples, nasal fluid, and blood, and collected samples can be analyzed by various techniques. Conventional methods for virus detection are based on techniques relying on cell culture, antigen-antibody interactions, and nucleic acids. However, these methods require trained personnel as well as expensive equipment. Microfluidic technologies, on the other hand, are one of the most accurate and specific methods to directly detect respiratory tract viruses. During viral infections, the production of detectable amounts of relevant antibodies takes a few days to weeks, hampering the aim of prevention. Alternatively, nucleic acid-based methods can directly detect the virus-specific RNA or DNA region, even before the immune response. There are numerous methods to detect respiratory viruses, but direct detection techniques have higher specificity and sensitivity than other techniques. This review aims to summarize the methods and technologies developed for microfluidic-based direct detection of viruses that cause respiratory infection using different detection techniques. Microfluidics enables the use of minimal sample volumes and thereby leading to a time, cost, and labor effective operation. Microfluidic-based detection technologies provide affordable, portable, rapid, and sensitive analysis of intact virus or virus genetic material, which is very important in pandemic and epidemic events to control outbreaks with an effective diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Karakuzu
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Oksuz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Kizilkaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Abdelhamid HN, Badr G. Nanobiotechnology as a platform for the diagnosis of COVID-19: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021. [PMCID: PMC7988262 DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly required to fight the current and future global health threats due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2). However, most of the current methods exhibited high false‐negative rates, resulting in patient misdiagnosis and impeding early treatment. Nanoparticles show promising performance and great potential to serve as a platform for diagnosing viral infection in a short time and with high sensitivity. This review highlighted the potential of nanoparticles as platforms for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and graphene (G) were applied to detect SARS-CoV 2. They have been used for molecular-based diagnosis methods and serological methods. Nanoparticles improved specificity and shorten the time required for the diagnosis. They may be implemented into small devices that facilitate the self-diagnosis at home or in places such as airports and shops. Nanoparticles-based methods can be used for the analysis of virus-contaminated samples from a patient, surface, and air. The advantages and challenges were discussed to introduce useful information for designing a sensitive, fast, and low-cost diagnostic method. This review aims to present a helpful survey for the lesson learned from handling this outbreak to prepare ourself for future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Xiong H, Ye X, Li Y, Qi J, Fang X, Kong J. Efficient Microfluidic-Based Air Sampling/Monitoring Platform for Detection of Aerosol SARS-CoV-2 On-site. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4270-4276. [PMID: 33635067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens have been considered as highly infectious and transmittable between humans. With the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an on-site diagnostic system-integrated airborne pathogen-monitoring machine is recommended by experts for preventing and controlling the early stage β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. In this work, a small-volume rotating microfluidic fluorescence chip-integrated aerosol SARS-CoV-2 sampling system was constructed to satisfy the demand for rapid on-site sample collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2. The rotating microfluidic fluorescence system with small volume has very high sensitivity in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (detection limit of 10 copies/μL with the shortest Ct value of 15 min), which is comparable to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The precision variation coefficients within/between batches are very low [coefficient of variation (CV) % ≤ 5.0%]. Our work has passed the comprehensive inspection of the microfluidic chip performance by the Shanghai Medical Device Testing Institute [National Medical Inspection (Design) no. 4408] and successfully tested 115 clinical samples. The integrated system exhibits 100% specificity, high sensitivity (10 copies/μL), and good precision (CV % ≤ 5.0%) in the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, thus realizing rapid monitoring and diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid on-site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Suxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd, and IgeneTec Diagnostic Products Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs District, Tianjin 300022, P. R. China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Poustforoosh A, Hashemipour H, Tüzün B, Pardakhty A, Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH. Evaluation of potential anti-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) drugs against the newly emerged model of COVID-19 RdRP using computational methods. Biophys Chem 2021; 272:106564. [PMID: 33711743 PMCID: PMC7895701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite all the efforts to treat COVID-19, no particular cure has been found for this virus. Since developing antiviral drugs is a time-consuming process, the most effective approach is to evaluate the approved and under investigation drugs using in silico methods. Among the different targets within the virus structure, as a vital component in the life cycle of coronaviruses, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) can be a critical target for antiviral drugs. The impact of the existence of RNA in the enzyme structure on the binding affinity of anti-RdRP drugs has not been investigated so far. METHODS In this study, the potential anti-RdRP effects of a variety of drugs from two databases (Zinc database and DrugBank) were evaluated using molecular docking. For this purpose, the newly emerged model of COVID-19 (RdRP) post-translocated catalytic complex (PDB ID: 7BZF) that consists of RNA was chosen as the target. RESULTS The results indicated that idarubicin (IDR), a member of the anthracycline antibiotic family, and fenoterol (FNT), a known beta-2 adrenergic agonist drug, tightly bind to the target enzyme and could be used as potential anti-RdRP inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These outcomes revealed that due to the ligand-protein interactions, the presence of RNA in this structure could remarkably affect the binding affinity of inhibitor compounds. CONCLUSION In silico approaches, such as molecular docking, could effectively address the problem of finding appropriate treatment for COVID-19. Our results showed that IDR and FNT have a significant affinity to the RdRP of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, these drugs are remarkable inhibitors of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Poustforoosh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemipour
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Burak Tüzün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Pishva P, Yüce M. Nanomaterials to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:211-229. [PMID: 33615139 PMCID: PMC7880038 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2, has created an urgent need for its diagnosis and treatment. As a result, many researchers have sought to find the most efficient and appropriate methods to detect and treat the SARS-CoV-2 virus over the past few months. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is currently used as one of the most reliable methods to detect the new virus; however, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires trained laboratory workers. Moreover, despite its high sensitivity and specificity, false negatives are reported, especially in non-nasopharyngeal swab samples that yield lower viral loads. Therefore, designing and employing faster and more reliable methods seems necessary. In recent years, many attempts have been made to fabricate various nanomaterial-based biosensors to detect viruses and bacteria in clinical samples. The use of nanomaterials plays a significant role in improving the performance of biosensors. Plasmonic biosensors, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) methods are only some of the effective ways to detect viruses. However, to use these biosensors to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, modifications must be performed to increase sensitivity and speed of testing due to the rapidly spreading nature of SARS-CoV-2, which requires an early point of care detection and treatment for pandemic control. Several studies have been carried out to show the nanomaterial-based biosensors' performance and success in detecting the novel virus. The limit of detection, accuracy, selectivity, and detection speed are some vital features that should be considered during the design of the SARS-CoV-2 biosensors. This review summarizes various nanomaterials-based sensor platforms to detect the SARS-CoV-2, and their design, advantages, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Pishva
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüce
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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126
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Graphene for Biosensing Applications in Point-of-Care Testing. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1065-1077. [PMID: 33573848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) exhibit a unique combination of electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties, which make them ideally suitable for ultrasensitive and selective point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. POCT device-based applications in diagnostics require test results to be readily accessible anywhere to produce results within a short analysis timeframe. This review article provides a summary of methods and latest developments in the field of graphene and GRM-based biosensing in POCT and an overview of the main applications of the latter in nucleic acids and enzymatic biosensing, cell detection, and immunosensing. For each application, we discuss scientific and technological advances along with the remaining challenges, outlining future directions for widespread use of this technology in biomedical applications.
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Jain S, Nehra M, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Hu T, Kumar S, Kaushik A, Li CZ. Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113074. [PMID: 33596516 PMCID: PMC7866895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care. In present era, the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) is in demand for fast detection of infectious diseases along with “on-site” results that are helpful in timely and early action for better treatment. In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. Timely diagnosis and further treatment optimization facilitate the containment of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Presently, efforts are being made to support such POCT by the technological development in the field of internet of medical things (IoMT). The IoMT offers wireless-based operation and connectivity of POCT devices with health expert and medical centre. In this review, the recently developed POC diagnostics integrated or future possibilities of integration with IoMT are discussed with focus on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like malaria, dengue fever, influenza A (H1N1), human papilloma virus (HPV), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Zika virus (ZIKV), and coronavirus (COVID-19). The IoMT-assisted POCT systems are capable enough to fill the gap between bioinformatics generation, big rapid analytics, and clinical validation. An optimized IoMT-assisted POCT will be useful in understanding the diseases progression, treatment decision, and evaluation of efficacy of prescribed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - TonyY Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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128
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Catalysis on Nanostructured Indium Tin Oxide Surface for Fast and Inexpensive Probing of Antibodies during Pandemics. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global threat to human health and the economy. Society needs inexpensive, fast, and accurate quantitative diagnostic tools. Here, we report a new approach using a solid-state biosensor to measure antibodies, which does not require functionalization, unlike conventional biosensors. A nanostructured semiconductor surface with catalytic properties was used as a transducer for rapid immobilization and measurement of the antibody. The transducer response was based on solid-state electronics properties. The changes on the surface of the semiconductor induced changes in the direct current (DC) surface resistivity. This was a result of a catalytic chemical reaction on that surface. This new low-cost approach reduced the response time of the measurement significantly, and it required only a very small amount of sample on the microliter scale.
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Varahachalam SP, Lahooti B, Chamaneh M, Bagchi S, Chhibber T, Morris K, Bolanos JF, Kim NY, Kaushik A. Nanomedicine for the SARS-CoV-2: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:539-560. [PMID: 33519200 PMCID: PMC7837559 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged ribonucleic acid (RNA) enveloped human beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused the COVID-19 pandemic, severely affects the respiratory system, and may lead to death. Lacking effective diagnostics and therapies made this pandemic challenging to manage since the SARS-CoV-2 transmits via human-to-human, enters via ACE2 and TMPSSR2 receptors, and damages organs rich in host cells, spreads via symptomatic carriers and is prominent in an immune-compromised population. New SARS-CoV-2 informatics (structure, strains, like-cycles, functional sites) motivated bio-pharma experts to investigate novel therapeutic agents that act to recognize, inhibit, and knockdown combinations of drugs, vaccines, and antibodies, have been optimized to manage COVID-19. However, successful targeted delivery of these agents to avoid off-targeting and unnecessary drug ingestion is very challenging. To overcome these obstacles, this mini-review projects nanomedicine technology, a pharmacologically relevant cargo of size within 10 to 200 nm, for site-specific delivery of a therapeutic agent to recognize and eradicate the SARS-CoV-2, and improving the human immune system. Such combinational therapy based on compartmentalization controls the delivery and releases of a drug optimized based on patient genomic profile and medical history. Nanotechnology could help combat COVID-19 via various methods such as avoiding viral contamination and spraying by developing personal protective equipment (PPE) to increase the protection of healthcare workers and produce effective antiviral disinfectants surface coatings capable of inactivating and preventing the virus from spreading. To quickly recognize the infection or immunological response, design highly accurate and sensitive nano-based sensors. Development of new drugs with improved activity, reduced toxicity, and sustained release to the lungs, as well as tissue targets; and development of nano-based immunizations to improve humoral and cellular immune responses. The desired and controlled features of suggested personalized therapeutics, nanomedicine, is a potential therapy to manage COVID-19 successfully. The state-of-the-art nanomedicine, challenges, and prospects of nanomedicine are carefully and critically discussed in this report, which may serve as a key platform for scholars to investigate the role of nanomedicine for higher efficacy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Pooja Varahachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX79106, USA
| | - Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX79106, USA
| | - Masoumeh Chamaneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX79106, USA
| | - Sounak Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX79106, USA
| | - Tanya Chhibber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX79106, USA
| | - Kevin Morris
- Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS), Nashik, Maharashtra422004, India
| | - Joe F Bolanos
- Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud “Dr.Luis Edmundo Vasquez” Santa Tecla, Universidad Dr. Jose Matias Delgado, Cd Merliot, El Salvador
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Bio Center, Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, and Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL3385, USA
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130
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Ranjan P, Singhal A, Yadav S, Kumar N, Murali S, Sanghi SK, Khan R. Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using potential point-of-care electrochemical immunosensor: Toward the future prospects. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:126-142. [PMID: 33448909 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1872566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging and highly infectious disease making global public health concern and socio-economic burden. It is caused due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It has the tendency to spread rapidly through person-to-person. Currently, several molecular diagnostic platforms such as PCR, qRT-PCR, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), CRISPR are utilized for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. These conventional techniques are costly, time consuming and require sophisticated instrumentation facility with well trained personnel for testing. Hence, it is tough to provide testing en-masse to the people in developing countries. On the other hand, several serological biosensors such as lateral flow immunosensor, optical, electrochemical, microfluidics integrated electrochemical/fluorescence is currently utilized for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. In current pandemic situation, there is an urgent need of rapid and efficient diagnosis on mass scale of SARS-CoV-2 for early stage detection. Early monitoring of viral infections can help to control and prevent the spreading of infections in large chunk of population. In this review, the SARS-CoV-2 and their biomarkers in biological samples, collection of samples and recently reported potential electrochemical immunosensors for the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpesh Ranjan
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - S Murali
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Sunil K Sanghi
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Microfluidics and MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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131
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Mojsoska B, Larsen S, Olsen DA, Madsen JS, Brandslund I, Alatraktchi FA. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Electrochemical Immunosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E390. [PMID: 33429915 PMCID: PMC7827295 DOI: 10.3390/s21020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared an international public health crisis. It is essential to develop diagnostic tests that can quickly identify infected individuals to limit the spread of the virus and assign treatment options. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept label-free electrochemical immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus via the spike surface protein. The assay consists of a graphene working electrode functionalized with anti-spike antibodies. The concept of the immunosensor is to detect the signal perturbation obtained from ferri/ferrocyanide measurements after binding of the antigen during 45 min of incubation with a sample. The absolute change in the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- current upon increasing antigen concentrations on the immunosensor surface was used to determine the detection range of the spike protein. The sensor was able to detect a specific signal above 260 nM (20 µg/mL) of subunit 1 of recombinant spike protein. Additionally, it was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 5.5 × 105 PFU/mL, which is within the physiologically relevant concentration range. The novel immunosensor has a significantly faster analysis time than the standard qPCR and is operated by a portable device which can enable on-site diagnosis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (B.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sylvester Larsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (B.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (D.A.O.); (J.S.M.); (I.B.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (D.A.O.); (J.S.M.); (I.B.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (D.A.O.); (J.S.M.); (I.B.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Fatima AlZahra’a Alatraktchi
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (B.M.); (S.L.)
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132
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Click triazole as a linker for drug repurposing against SARs-CoV-2: A greener approach in race to find COVID-19 therapeutic. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 4. [PMCID: PMC7874918 DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
WHO holding the hands of the scientific commune and trying to repurpose the drugs against the SARS-CoV-2. The robust scientific data has illustrated the probable mechanistic path of SARS-CoV-2 entry and action in damaging the cells. Which further has demonstrated Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; antimalarial drug) as promising drug therapeutic; apart from certain setbacks to be an excellent agent in treating COVID-19. In the present study, we have explored the derivatives of HCQ, conjugated with bioactive agents by the virtue of sustainably modified clicked triazole approach as potential Mpro enzyme inhibitors. In results, we found the chloroquinetrithaizone has strong binding affinity for the Mpro enzyme of SARS CoV-2. We also found the stable binding of CQ-TrOne conjugate with Mpro by MD simulation studies through RMSD, RMSF and Rg calculations. Moreover, in conjunction with critical reaction coordinate outcomes, binding MMGB/PB energy profile depicted the efficient binding affinity towards Mpro. Also, DFT analyses illustrated the stability of the repurposed drug under study. These significant outcomes have shown high potency of compounds and can be further assessed through in vitro and in vivo assays to develop the effective drug against COVID-19.
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133
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Kaushik A. Manipulative magnetic nanomedicine: the future of COVID-19 pandemic/endemic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:531-534. [PMID: 33307877 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1860938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
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