101
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102
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Wössner JS, Esser B. Spiroconjugated Donor-σ-Acceptor Charge-Transfer Dyes: Effect of the π-Subsystems on the Optoelectronic Properties. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5048-5057. [PMID: 32180403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer-based materials with intramolecular donor-acceptor structures are attractive for technological applications. Herein, a series of donor-σ-acceptor dyes has been prepared in a modular approach. The design of these intramolecular charge-transfer dyes is based on the concept of spiroconjugation, which leads to unique materials with special optical properties. The optical transitions are based on intramolecular charge transfer, as shown by solvatochromic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Crystallographic, computational, electrochemical, and optical studies were performed to clarify the effect of different perpendicular π-moieties on the optoelectronic properties. Our molecular tuning allowed for the synthesis of molecules exhibiting strong visible-range absorption. The compounds are not fluorescent due to structural changes in the excited state, as revealed by DFT calculations. Finally, our study describes enantiomerically pure spiroconjugated absorber molecules using 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) units on the donor part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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103
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Theoretical Study of a Class of Organic D-π-A Dyes for Polymer Solar Cells: Influence of Various π-Spacers. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A class of D-π-A compounds that can be used as dyes for applications in polymer solar cells has theoretically been designed and studied, on the basis of the dyes recently shown by experiment to have the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), namely the poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTS-TZNT) and poly[4,8-bis(4-fluoro-5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTSF-TZNT) substances. Electronic structure theory computations were carried out with density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods in conjunction with the 6−311G (d, p) basis set. The PBDTS donor and the TZNT (naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole)) acceptor components were established from the original substances upon replacement of long alkyl groups within the thiophene and azole rings with methyl groups. In particular, the effects of several π-spacers were investigated. The calculated results confirmed that dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d] silole (DTS) acts as an excellent π-linker, even better than the thiophene bridge in the original substances in terms of well-known criteria. Indeed, a PBDTS-DTS-TZNT combination forms a D-π-A substance that has a flatter structure, more rigidity in going from the neutral to the cationic form, and a better conjugation than the original compounds. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of such a D-π-A substance becomes smaller and its absorption spectrum is more intense and red-shifted, which enhances the intramolecular charge transfer and makes it a promising candidate to attain higher PCEs.
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104
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Raymakers J, Artemenko A, Verstraeten F, Krysova H, Cermák J, Nicley S, Lopez-Carballeira D, Kromka A, Haenen K, Kavan L, Maes W, Rezek B. Photogenerated charge collection on diamond electrodes with covalently linked chromophore monolayers. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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105
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Cheminet N, Nogueira SL, Benaqqa O, El Malki Z, Bourass M, Cassegrain S, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M, Sotiropoulos JM, Miqueu K, Jarrosson T, Niebel C, Lère-Porte JP, Serein-Spirau F. Elaboration of low-band-gap π-conjugated systems based on thieno[3,4- b]pyrazines. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to understand the electronic contribution of the thienopyrazine building block on the electronic properties of π-conjugated systems, small molecules containing thiophene and thienopyrazine moieties are synthesized and jointly studied by theoretical (DFT) and experimental methods (UV-Vis, UPS). Taking advantages of these preliminar attractive results, four low band gap extended structures have been elaborated on the base of Donor-Acceptor-Donor sequences (DAD); these elongated π-conjugated molecules exhibit noticeable electronic and absorption properties spreading from the near UV to NIR regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheminet
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Sandra L. Nogueira
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Oumayma Benaqqa
- Faculté des sciences et techniques , BP 8509, Boutalamine , Errachidia , Morocco
| | - Zakaria El Malki
- Faculté des sciences et techniques , BP 8509, Boutalamine , Errachidia , Morocco
| | | | - Simon Cassegrain
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Mohammed Hamidi
- Faculté des sciences et techniques , BP 8509, Boutalamine , Errachidia , Morocco
| | | | - Jean Marc Sotiropoulos
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR5254 – IPREM, Equipe Chimie-Physique , Hélioparc, Pau , France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR5254 – IPREM, Equipe Chimie-Physique , Hélioparc, Pau , France
| | - Thibaut Jarrosson
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Claude Niebel
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lère-Porte
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
| | - Françoise Serein-Spirau
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Architectures Moléculaires et Matériaux Nanostructurés, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier , Cedex 5 , France
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106
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Heintges GL, Bolduc A, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Relation between the Electronic Properties of Regioregular Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers and Their Binary Copolymers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:3503-3516. [PMID: 32089763 PMCID: PMC7027170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing the optical band gap and energy levels of seven different regioregular terpolymers in which two different electron-rich donor moieties are alternating with a common electron-deficient acceptor unit along the backbone, we establish a direct correlation with the properties of the corresponding binary copolymers in which one donor and one acceptor are combined. For this study, we use diketopyrrolopyrrole as the common acceptor and different π-conjugated aromatic oligomers as donors. We find that the optical band gap and frontier orbital energies of the terpolymers are the arithmetic average of those of the parent copolymers with remarkable accuracy. The same relationship is also found for the open-circuit voltage of the bulk heterojunction solar cells made with the ter- and copolymers in combination with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester. Comparison of these findings with data in the literature suggests that this is a universal rule that can be used as a tool when designing new π-conjugated polymers. The experimental results are supported by a semiempirical quantum chemical model that accurately describes the energy levels of the terpolymers after parametrization on the energy levels of the copolymers and also provides a theoretical explanation for the observed arithmetic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël
H. L. Heintges
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic
Semiconductors (DSOS), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andréanne Bolduc
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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107
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Elevated Photovoltaic Performance in Medium Bandgap Copolymers Composed of Indacenodi-thieno[3,2- b]thiophene and Benzothiadiazole Subunits by Modulating the π-Bridge. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020368. [PMID: 32046028 PMCID: PMC7077401 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two random conjugated polymers (CPs), namely, PIDTT-TBT and PIDTT-TFBT, in which indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT), 3-octylthiophene, and benzothiadiazole (BT) were in turn utilized as electron-donor (D), π-bridge, and electron-acceptor (A) units, were synthesized to comprehensively analyze the impact of reducing thiophene π-bridge and further fluorination on photostability and photovoltaic performance. Meanwhile, the control polymer PIDTT-DTBT with alternating structure was also prepared for comparison. The broadened and enhanced absorption, down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), more planar molecular geometry thus enhanced the aggregation in the film state, but insignificant impact on aggregation in solution and photostability were found after both reducing thiophene π-bridge in PIDTT-TBT and further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT. Consequently, PIDTT-TBT-based device showed 185% increased PCE of 5.84% profited by synergistically elevated VOC, JSC, and FF than those of its counterpart PIDTT-DTBT, and this improvement was chiefly ascribed to the improved absorption, deepened EHOMO, raised μh and more balanced μh/μe, and optimized morphology of photoactive layer. However, the dropped PCE was observed after further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT, which was mainly restricted by undesired morphology for photoactive layer as a result of strong aggregation even if in the condition of the upshifted VOC. Our preliminary results can demonstrate that modulating the π-bridge in polymer backbone was an effective method with the aim to enhance the performance for solar cell.
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108
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Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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109
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Jiang DH, Kobayashi S, Jao CC, Mato Y, Isono T, Fang YH, Lin CC, Satoh T, Tung SH, Kuo CC. Light Down-Converter Based on Luminescent Nanofibers from the Blending of Conjugated Rod-Coil Block Copolymers and Perovskite through Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E84. [PMID: 31947779 PMCID: PMC7023616 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a novel strategy for the preparation of light down-converter by combining rod-coil block copolymers with perovskite quantum dots (QDs) through electrospinning. Reports have shown that polymer deformability can be enhanced by incorporating a soft segment and controlled by varying the rod/coil ratio. Therefore, we first synthesized the rod-coil block copolymer through the click reaction of polyfluorene (PF) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA). Next, the CsPbBr3@PF8k-b-PBA12k composite fibers were fabricated by blending perovskite through electrospinning. Optical spectral evidence demonstrated the success of the strategy, as light down-converters were prepared through the controlled variance of QD/polymer ratios to achieve tunable color and stretchability. This result reveals the potential of using rod-coil block copolymers to fabricate color-tunable perovskite light down-converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Saburo Kobayashi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chih-Chun Jao
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Yoshinobu Mato
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Yu-Han Fang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
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110
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Sabury S, Adams TJ, Kocherga M, Kilbey SM, Walter MG. Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of benzodithiophene-based conjugated polymers with hydrogen bonding nucleobase side chain functionality. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleobase functionalities in conjugated, alternating copolymers participate in interbase hydrogen bonding, which promotes molecular assembly and organization in thin films and enhances optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sabury
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee – Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Tyler J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina – Charlotte
- Charlotte
- USA
| | - Margaret Kocherga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina – Charlotte
- Charlotte
- USA
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee – Knoxville
- Knoxville
- USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Michael G. Walter
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina – Charlotte
- Charlotte
- USA
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111
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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112
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Wakioka M, Morita H, Ichihara N, Saito M, Osaka I, Ozawa F. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization: Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Polymers Containing Unsubstituted Bithiophene Units. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hazuki Morita
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ichihara
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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113
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Wadsworth A, Chen H, Thorley KJ, Cendra C, Nikolka M, Bristow H, Moser M, Salleo A, Anthopoulos TD, Sirringhaus H, McCulloch I. Modification of Indacenodithiophene-Based Polymers and Its Impact on Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Thin-Film Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:652-664. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hu Chen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Cendra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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114
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Insights in the Ni-thiophene association in the synthesis of thiophene-para-phenylene block copolymers via Kumada catalyst transfer condensative polymerization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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115
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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116
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Pino-Rios R, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Effect of the meso/beta halogenation in the photoelectronic properties and aromaticity of expanded porphyrins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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117
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Kim DH, Han YW, Moon DK. A comparative investigation of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and quinoxaline donor–acceptor conjugated polymers: Correlation of planar structure and intramolecular charge transfer properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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118
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An L, Tong J, Yang C, Zhao X, Wang X, Xia Y. Impact of alkyl side chain on the photostability and optoelectronic properties of indacenodithieno[3,2‐
b
]thiophene‐
alt
‐naphtho[1,2‐
c
:5,6‐
c
′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole medium bandgap copolymers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu UniversityKey Laboratory for Utility of Environment‐Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water‐saving AgricultureGansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou P. R. China
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119
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Xiao Z, Yang S, Yang Z, Yang J, Yip HL, Zhang F, He F, Wang T, Wang J, Yuan Y, Yang H, Wang M, Ding L. Carbon-Oxygen-Bridged Ladder-Type Building Blocks for Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804790. [PMID: 30379357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) small molecules have emerged as promising nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells and have attracted great attention. The carbon-bridged (C-bridged) ladder-type D unit plays a crucial role in developing high-performance A-D-A NFAs. However, the medium electron-donating capability of C-bridged units is unfavorable for making NFAs with strong light-harvesting capability. In this regard, carbon-oxygen-bridged (CO-bridged) ladder-type units present advantages in developing strong light-absorbing NFAs. Here, recent progress in the newly emerging CO-bridged NFAs is highlighted. The synthetic methods for the polycyclic CO-bridged building blocks are introduced. The photovoltaic performance for CO-bridged NFAs is summarized and discussed. Perspectives on developing high-performance CO-bridged-NFA-based solar cells are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junliang Yang
- School of Physics & Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids (CAS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- School of Physics & Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huai Yang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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120
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Wiktorowicz S, Damlin P, Salomäki M, Kvarnström C, Tenhu H, Aseyev V. Conjugated Main Chain Azo‐Polymers Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Wiktorowicz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Mikko Salomäki
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
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121
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Niefind F, Karande S, Frost F, Abel B, Kahnt A. Solvent influence on the surface morphology of P3HT thin films revealed by photoemission electron microscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3883-3886. [PMID: 36132106 PMCID: PMC9417572 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Only rigorous understanding of the relationship between the nanoscale morphology of organic thin films and the performance of the devices built from them will ultimately lead to design rules that can guide a structured development on the field of organic electronics. Despite great effort, unraveling the nanoscale structure of the films is still a challenge in itself. Here we demonstrate that photoemission electron microscopy can provide valuable insights into the chain orientation, domains size and grain boundary characteristics of P3HT films spun cast from different solvents at room as well as at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Niefind
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Shubhangi Karande
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Frank Frost
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
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122
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Niefind F, Neff A, Mannsfeld SCB, Kahnt A, Abel B. Computational analysis of the orientation persistence length of the polymer chain orientation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21464-21472. [PMID: 31535122 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing and interpreting the nanoscale morphology of semiconducting polymers is one of the key challenges for advancing in organic electronics. The orientation persistence length (OPL) as a tool to analyze orientation maps generated by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) - a state of the art tool for nanoscale imaging/spectroscopy - is presented here. The OPL is a way to quantify the chain orientation within the polymer film in a single graph. In this regard, it is a convincing method that will enable additional direct correlations between the chain orientation and electrical or optical parameters. In this report, we provide computational insights into the factors that contribute to the OPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Niefind
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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123
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Zhu J, Liu Q, Li D, Xiao Z, Chen Y, Hua Y, Yang S, Ding L. A Wide-Band Gap Copolymer Donor for Efficient Fullerene-Free Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14800-14804. [PMID: 31552319 PMCID: PMC6756744 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a wide-band gap copolymer donor PDTPO-BDTT in nonfullerene solar cells was investigated. These solar cells presented broad photoresponse and high short-circuit current density. PDTPO-BDTT:IT-4F and PDTPO-BDTT:NNFA-4F solar cells with more efficient photoluminescence quenching and better film morphology gave decent power conversion efficiencies of 10.96 and 10.04%, respectively, which are much higher than those of the previously reported PDTPO-BDTT:fullerene solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Center
for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem
and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qishi Liu
- Center
for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem
and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center
for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem
and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center
for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem
and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yong Hua
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan
University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center
for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem
and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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124
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Nakabayashi K, Miyakawa K, Mori H. Thienoisoindigo-based donor–acceptor random copolymers: synthesis, characterization, and thin film nanostructure study. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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125
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Rachmat VAA, Kubodera T, Son D, Cho Y, Marumoto K. Molecular Oriented Charge Accumulation in High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells as Revealed by Operando Spin Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31129-31138. [PMID: 31370398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A low band-gap polymer, PTB7-Th, is one of the typical p-type semiconductors among the next-generation solar-cell materials that have achieved power conversion efficiencies of over 10%. However, the internal deterioration mechanism of high-efficiency polymer solar cells such as PTB7-Th-based cells is still an open issue and has been extensively studied. Here, we report a study with operando electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for PTB7-Th polymer solar cells with an n-type semiconductor PC71BM to clarify the internal deterioration mechanism at a molecular level. We have directly observed ambipolar charge accumulation with a face-on molecular orientation in the cells under simulated solar irradiation using an operando light-induced ESR technique. Moreover, we have found a clear correlation between the charge accumulation and performance deterioration of the cells. The charge accumulation sites have been clarified by the ESR analysis and density functional theory calculation. The prevention of such charge accumulation on the basis of the present finding would be important for the commercialization of high-efficiency polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takaya Kubodera
- Division of Materials Science , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Donghyun Son
- Division of Materials Science , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Yujin Cho
- Semiconductor Device Materials Group, Nano Materials Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Marumoto
- Division of Materials Science , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
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126
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Rech JJ, Yan L, Peng Z, Dai S, Zhan X, Ade H, You W. Utilizing Difluorinated Thiophene Units To Improve the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy J. Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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127
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Sanders SN, Pun AB, Parenti KR, Kumarasamy E, Yablon LM, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Understanding the Bound Triplet-Pair State in Singlet Fission. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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128
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Zhan H, Liu Q, So SK, Wong WY. Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of platinum-containing poly(aryleneethynylene) polymers with electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole unit. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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129
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Energy level gamut-a wide-angle lens to look at photoelectronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-benzothiadiazole-based small molecules. J Mol Model 2019; 25:224. [PMID: 31309358 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Demands in the field of molecular design for optimized bandgap and proper energy levels to obtain high efficiencies are growing progressively in organic electronics. In the present work, we designed a series of molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and benzothiadiazoles (BT). We also studied the efeect of the presence and position of the nitrogen atom as an effective heteroatom. Finally, we optimized the energy levels of the designed structures to find the most favorable donor properties along with fullerene and non-fullerene (NF) acceptors in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell systems. To shed new light on the electronic characteristics of the designed structures, we developed a correction gamut of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The gamut is a span that predicts the occurrence of practical HOMO or LUMO with high probability from density functional theory computations in the gas phase. The model was validated using experimental energy level values of a similar structure as reference material. The results obtained by the new pathway of combining the idea of energy level gamuts with the modified Scharber model for NF BHJ suggested that the designed structures can afford power conversion efficiencies (PCE) for NF-BHJ of 8.5-10.5%. Graphical abstract Improved approach for predicting power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of designed molecules.
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130
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Designing dithienothiophene (DTT)-based donor materials with efficient photovoltaic parameters for organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2019; 25:222. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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131
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Köse ME. Theoretical Estimation of Donor Strength of Common Conjugated Units for Organic Electronics. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5566-5573. [PMID: 31180664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Donor strength of commonly used conjugated building blocks in organic electronics were investigated with density functional theory. The donor molecules were coupled to thiophene-incorporated acceptor groups, and electronic structure calculations were performed for the energies of frontier orbitals, total charge on donors, and particle probability distribution. A novel approach is also developed to analyze the large set of data on frontier orbitals. The electron donating ability of a donor was determined by comparing the highest occupied molecular orbital energies of the calculated structures. The effect of selected acceptor group and chosen functional method were also investigated to accurately determine the donor strength of each conjugated building block. Ethylenedioxythiophene, propylenedioxythiophene, and triphenylamine derivatives were found to be best donors among the conjugated units investigated. Such a comparative analysis of donor strengths is believed to be useful for researchers in designing novel organic semiconductors for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet E Köse
- Department of Chemistry , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli 41380 , Turkey
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132
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Brus VV, Lee J, Luginbuhl BR, Ko SJ, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Solution-Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900904. [PMID: 31148255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent research efforts on solution-processed semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Essential properties of organic donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction blends and electrode materials, required for the combination of simultaneous high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance of photovoltaic devices, are presented from the materials science and device engineering points of view. Aspects of optical perception, charge generation-recombination, and extraction processes relevant for semitransparent OSCs are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the theoretical limits of PCE for fully transparent OSCs, compared to the performance of the best reported semitransparent OSCs, and options for further optimization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Brus
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin R Luginbuhl
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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133
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Domokos A, Aronow SD, Tang T, Shevchenko NE, Tantillo DJ, Dudnik AS. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of New Methoxy-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9427-9433. [PMID: 31460033 PMCID: PMC6648756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of functional groups with varying electron-donating/-withdrawing properties at the β-position of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) has been shown to affect the optoelectronic properties of the polymers. We report the synthesis of a new diketopyrrolopyrrole monomer wherein a strong electron-donating substituent, a methoxy group, was incorporated at the β-position in an effort to modulate polymer properties. Homopolymers and co-polymers of the new β-methoxy DPP and nonderivatized DPP were synthesized, and their properties were measured by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis-near-infrared. Density functional theory computations also were employed to predict the degree of planarity of β-methoxy oligomers to probe the significance of the newly introduced S-O conformational lock. The combined experimental and computational results showed a reduction in the gap between highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, a redshift toward the near-infrared region, and an increased planarity in the β-methoxy polymers.
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134
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Eng J, Laidlaw BA, Penfold TJ. On the geometry dependence of tuned‐range separated hybrid functionals. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2191-2199. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom
| | - Beth A. Laidlaw
- Chemistry School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom
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135
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Zhang W, Huang T, Li J, Sun P, Wang Y, Shi W, Han W, Wang W, Fan Q, Huang W. Facial Control Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Quinoid Conjugated Polymers for Efficient in Vivo NIR-II Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16311-16319. [PMID: 30993963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-band gap conjugated polymers with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures have emerged as second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence probes for biological imaging. However, how to control the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) to maintain the low band gap and improve the NIR-II fluorescence intensity is an urgent issue. Here, the quinoid polymers have been developed to effectively regulate the ICT for brighter NIR-II fluorescence signals. Thiophene repeat chain units of different lengths (T, 2T, and 3T) were utilized to link with electron-withdrawing ester-substituted thieno[3,4- b]thiophene (TT) to alter the density of the electron-withdrawing side groups for controlling the ICT. By increasing the thiophene chain length from TT-T to TT-3T, the density of the electron-withdrawing groups decreased and the ICT was weakened. In the case of NIR absorption and NIR-II emission, weakened ICT leads to brighter NIR-II fluorescence. After the preparation of the water-soluble quinoid polymer probes (CPs), TT-3T CPs with weak ICT exhibited the brightest NIR-II fluorescent signals among the three quinoid polymer probes. Several NIR-II biomedical imaging applications, including in vivo cell tracking, blood vascular system images, and lymphatic drainage mapping, show that the TT-3T CP-based nanoprobe had excellent characteristics of long-term stability and high NIR-II spatial resolutions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital , Medical School of Nanjing University , No 30 Zhongyang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital , Medical School of Nanjing University , No 30 Zhongyang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Lab of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province & School of Physics Science and Information Engineering , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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136
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Genene Z, Mammo W, Wang E, Andersson MR. Recent Advances in n-Type Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807275. [PMID: 30790384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n- and p-type polymers have emerged as promising alternatives to fullerene-based solar cells due to their unique advantages such as good chemical and electronic adjustability, and better thermal and photochemical stabilities. Rapid advances have been made in the development of n-type polymers consisting of various electron acceptor units for all-PSCs. So far, more than 200 n-type polymer acceptors have been reported. In the last seven years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs rapidly increased and has now surpassed 10%, meaning they are approaching the performance of state-of-the-art solar cells using fullerene derivatives as acceptors. This review discusses the design criteria, synthesis, and structure-property relationships of n-type polymers that have been used in all-PSCs. Additionally, it highlights the recent progress toward photovoltaic performance enhancement of binary, ternary, and tandem all-PSCs. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of all-PSCs are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 33658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
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137
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Dey S. Recent Progress in Molecular Design of Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900134. [PMID: 30989808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The quest for sustainable energy sources has led to accelerated growth in research of organic solar cells (OSCs). A solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSC generally contains a donor and expensive fullerene acceptors (FAs). The last 20 years have been devoted by the OSC community to developing donor materials, specifically low bandgap polymers, to complement FAs in BHJs. The current improvement from ≈2.5% in 2013 to 17.3% in 2018 in OSC performance is primarily credited to novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFA), especially fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs). FREAs offer unique advantages over FAs, like broad absorption of solar radiation, and they can be extensively chemically manipulated to tune optoelectronic and morphological properties. Herein, the current status in FREA-based OSCs is summarized, such as design strategies for both wide and narrow bandgap FREAs for BHJ, all-small-molecule OSCs, semi-transparent OSC, ternary, and tandem solar cells. The photovoltaics parameters for FREAs are summarized and discussed. The focus is on the various FREA structures and their role in optical and morphological tuning. Besides, the advantages and drawbacks of both FAs and NFAs are discussed. Finally, an outlook in the field of FREA-OSCs for future material design and challenges ahead is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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138
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Hu B, Li C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Luo W, Jin L. Synthesis and multi-electrochromic properties of asymmetric structure polymers based on carbazole-EDOT and 2, 5–dithienylpyrrole derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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139
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Lee J, Lee SM, Chen S, Kumari T, Kang SH, Cho Y, Yang C. Organic Photovoltaics with Multiple Donor-Acceptor Pairs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804762. [PMID: 30444544 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) based on single donor-acceptor pairs, terpolymer- and ternary-based OSCs featuring multiple donor-acceptor pairs are promising strategies for enhancing the performance while maintaining an easy and simple synthetic process. Using multiple donor-acceptor pairs in the active layer, the key photovoltaic parameters (i.e., short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor) governing the OSC characteristics can be simultaneously or individually improved by positive changes in light-harvesting ability, molecular energy levels, and blend morphology. Here, these three major contributions are discussed with the aim of offering in-depth insights in combined terpolymers and ternary systems. Recent exemplary cases of OSCs with multiple donor-acceptor pairs are summarized and more advanced research and perspectives for further developments in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sang Myeon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tanya Kumari
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - So-Huei Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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140
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Dang D, Yu D, Wang E. Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807019. [PMID: 30701605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers with various electron-rich and electron-deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D-A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D' unit or an A' moiety, to the parent D-A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D-A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost-effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine-tuning these factors, thus resulting in high-performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D-A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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141
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Yang MH, Jin HC, Kim JH, Chang DW. Synthesis of Cyano-Substituted Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E746. [PMID: 31027365 PMCID: PMC6571826 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three conjugated polymers, in which the electron-donating (D) 5-alkylthiophene-2-yl-substitued benzodithiophene was linked to three different electron-accepting (A) moieties, i.e., benzothiadiazole (BT), diphenylquinoxaline (DPQ), and dibenzophenazine (DBP) derivative via thiophene bridge, were synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction. In particular, the strong electron-withdrawing cyano (CN) group was incorporated into the A units BT, DPQ, and DBP to afford three D-A type target polymers PB-BTCN, PB-DPQCN, and PB-DBPCN, respectively. Owing to the significant contribution of the CN-substituent, these polymers exhibit not only low-lying energy levels of both the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, but also reduced bandgaps. Furthermore, to investigate the photovoltaic properties of polymers, inverted-type devices with the structure of ITO/ZnO/Polymer:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag were fabricated and analyzed. All the polymer solar cells based on the three cyano-substituted conjugated polymers showed high open-circuit voltages (Voc) greater than 0.89 V, and the highest power conversion efficiency of 4.59% was obtained from the device based on PB-BtCN with a Voc of 0.93 V, short-circuit current of 7.36 mA cm-2, and fill factor of 67.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Ho Yang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Pusan 48513, Korea.
| | - Ho Cheol Jin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 48513, Korea.
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 48513, Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Chang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Pusan 48513, Korea.
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142
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Ohtani S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Construction of the Luminescent Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Systems Based on Boron-Fused Azomethine Acceptor. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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143
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How to Design Donor-Acceptor Based Heterocyclic Conjugated Polymers for Applications from Organic Electronics to Sensors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:12. [PMID: 31011839 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the design of organic semi-conducting conjugated polymers that readily transport holes or electrons and can result in light emission. The conjugated backbone consist mainly of electron-donating (donor) and electron-withdrawing (acceptor) units as alternating groups in a conjugated oligomer or polymer that can be regulated by physical properties such as π conjugation length, monomer alteration, inter/intramolecular interactions and energy levels. Certainly, it is notable today that the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the producing material is localized predominantly on the electron-donating moiety and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level on the electron-accepting moiety. Conjugated oligomers or polymers are used in many detecting fields due to their exceptional ability to sense toxic chemicals, metal ions and biomolecules. The conjugated polymers have unique delocalized π-electronic "molecular wires" that can expand the fluorescence intensity considerably. The fluorescence intensity of polymers can be quenched by particular quenching molecules. In this review, the fluorescence intensity, detecting of multiple metal ions, solubility, photochemical stability and optoelectronic properties of these conjugated polymers, and how they can be regulated by different functional groups, are discussed in detail.
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144
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A medium-band-gap polymer based alkoxyl-substituted benzoxadiazole moiety for efficient polymer solar cells. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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145
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Alqurashy BA. Preparation and Physical Characterization of Pyrene and Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-Based Copolymers. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:429-433. [PMID: 30984486 PMCID: PMC6445061 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two narrow band-gap copolymers consisting of 2,7-bis(5-(trimethylstannyl)thiophen-2-yl)-4,5,9,10-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-pyrene (M1) as an electron-rich unit and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as an electron-deficient unit have been synthesized and characterized for polymer solar cells. The two polymers were prepared by Stille coupling reactions. Two solubilizing alkyl chains (ethylhexyl and octlydodecyl) were attached to the DPP unit in order to evaluate their impact upon the optical and electrochemical characteristics of the two polymers. Poly[4,5,9,10-tetrakis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]pyrene-alt-3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5- bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrole[3,4-c]pyrrole- 1,4(2H,5H)-dione] (PPEHDT-DPPODo ) and poly[4,5,9,10-tetrakis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)pyren-alt-3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrole[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione] (PPEHDT-DPPEH ) exhibited high thermal stability with decomposition temperatures over 300 °C. Optical properties showed that PPEHDT-DPPODo and PPEHDT-DPPEH have optical band gaps of around 1.40 eV. It is believed that both polymers adopt high planar structures in the thin film, leading to more electronic conjugation along the backbone of the conjugated polymers. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that PPEHDT-DPPODo and PPEHDT-DPPEH seem to have an amorphous nature. The HOMO energy levels of the two polymers are clearly affected by changing alkyl chains. The HOMO levels of PPEHDT-DPPODo and PPEHDT-DPPEH were found to be at -5.27 and -5.38 eV, respectively. PPEHDT-DPPODo showed a HOMO energy level approximately 0.11 eV shallower than that of PPEHDT-DPPEH , which is probably a consequence of attaching a larger alkyl chain to the DPP moiety reducing its electron accepting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhet A. Alqurashy
- Department of Basic Science and Technologies Community FacultyTaibah University30002, Al-Madina Al-MounawaraSaudi Arabia
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146
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Shi Y, Yang C, Li H, Liu L, Zhou R, Zou W, Wang Z, Wu Q, Deng D, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. A-π-D-π-A small-molecule donors with different end alkyl chains obtain different morphologies in organic solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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147
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Srinivasa Rao P, L Puyad A, V Bhosale S, V Bhosale S. Triphenylamine-Merocyanine-Based D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2 Chromophore System: Synthesis, Optoelectronic, and Theoretical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1621. [PMID: 30939780 PMCID: PMC6479914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
donor⁻acceptorDonor⁻acceptor⁻π⁻acceptor⁻donor (D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2)-type small molecules, such TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, were designed and synthesized starting from donor-substituted alkynes (TPA-MC-1) via [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) units, respectively. TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3 chromophores differ on the A2/A3 acceptor subunit, which is 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and a dicyanoquinodicyanomethane (DCQDCM), respectively. Both the derivative bearing same donors D1 (triphenylamine) and D2 (trimethylindolinm) and also same A1 (monocyano) as an acceptor, tetracyano with an aryl rings as the π-bridging moiety. The incorporation of TCNE and TCNQ as strong electron withdrawing units led to strong intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interactions, resulting in lower LUMO energy levels. Comparative UV⁻Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and electrochemical and computational studies were performed to understand the effects of the TCNE and TCNQ subunits incorporated on TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedada Srinivasa Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Avinash L Puyad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, India.
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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148
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Zaugg K, Velasco J, Robins KA, Lee DC. Understanding the Electronic Properties of Acceptor-Acceptor'-Acceptor Triads. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5434-5441. [PMID: 31459708 PMCID: PMC6648786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop new organic materials for optoelectronic applications, a fundamental understanding of the electronic properties of specific chromophore combinations must be realized. To that end, we report "model" acceptor (A)-acceptor' (A')-acceptor (A) triads in which the pendants (A') we selected are well-known components of organic optoelectronic applications. Our pendants are sandwiched between two dialkoxyphenazine (A) through an alkyne bond. The A' was systematically increased in electron-deficiency from benzothiadiazole (BTD-P) to naphthalene diimide with octyl (NDI-O-P) or ethylhexyl groups (NDI-EH-P) to perylene diimide with ethylhexyl (PTCDI-EH-P) to assess changes in the electronic properties of the resultant molecules. Characterizations were performed using both experimental and theoretical methods. From optical and cyclic voltammetry, we found that the electron deficiency of each pendant was directly correlated to the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E LUMO). When examining the simple molecular orbital diagrams produced at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory, the LUMOs were, as expected, primarily localized on the more electron-deficient pendants. In terms of the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E HOMO), the numerical values obtained experimentally also correlated with values obtained computationally. Attempting to construct a simplified model that would explain these correlated values was not as readily apparent, given the disparate physical characteristics of these compounds. For example, BTD-P and NDI-O-P/NDI-EH-P achieved planarity when computationally optimized, but PTCDI-EH-P adapted a "buckled" geometry on the central PTCDI, consequently forcing the attached phenazines out-of-plane. The title compounds showed solvent polarity-dependent fluorescence, which is indicative of intramolecular charge transfer. In conjunction with our theoretical study, the current system can be viewed as an extension of donor-acceptor-donor systems. Thermal properties characterized by differential scanning calorimetry revealed that reversible phase transitions were only observed for BTD-P. In addition, BTD-P was found to be an efficient gelator in 1,1,1-trichloroethane and toluene. The other compounds in this study did not form gels in any of the solvents tested, which may have been a result of the alkyl groups on the pendants hampering the fibrillation process.
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149
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Cao FY, Lin FY, Tseng CC, Hung KE, Hsu JY, Su YC, Cheng YJ. Naphthobisthiadiazole-Based Selenophene-Incorporated Quarterchalcogenophene Copolymers for Field-Effect Transistors and Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11674-11683. [PMID: 30816049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we developed six new selenophene-incorporated naphthobisthiadiazole-based donor-acceptor polymers PNT2Th2Se-OD, PNT2Se2Th-OD, PNT4Se-OD, PNT2Th2Se-DT, PNT2Se2Th-DT, and PNT4Se-DT. The structure-property relationships have been systematically established through the comparison of their structural variations: (1) isomeric biselenophene/bithiophene arrangement between PNT2Th2Se and PNT2Se2Th polymers, (2) biselenophene/bithiophene and quarterselenophene donor units between PNT2Th2Se/PNT2Se2Th and PNT4Se polymers, and (3) side-chain modification between the 2-octyldodecylthiophene (OD)- and 2-decyltetradecyl (DT)-series polymers. The incorporation of selenophene units in the copolymers induces stronger charge transfer to improve the light-harvesting capability while maintaining the strong intermolecular interactions to preserve the intrinsic crystallinity for high carrier mobility. The organic field-effect transistor device using PNT2Th2Se-OD achieved a high hole mobility of 0.36 cm2 V-1 s-1 with an on/off ratio of 1.9 × 105. The solar cells with PNT2Th2Se-OD:PC71BM exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 9.47% with a Voc of 0.68 V, an fill factor of 67%, and an impressive Jsc of 20.69 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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150
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UEGAKI K, NAKABAYASHI K, YAMAMOTO SI, HAYASHI S, KOIZUMI T. Optoelectronic Properties of Alternating Copolymers Based on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Various Dibromoarenes and Organic Solar Cells Prepared Thereof. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru UEGAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| | | | | | | | - Toshio KOIZUMI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
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