101
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Involvement of CYP4F2 in the Metabolism of a Novel Monophosphate Ester Prodrug of Gemcitabine and Its Interaction Potential In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051195. [PMID: 29772747 PMCID: PMC6100113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound-3 is an oral monophosphate prodrug of gemcitabine. Previous data showed that Compound-3 was more potent than gemcitabine and it was orally active in a tumor xenograft model. In the present study, the metabolism of Compound-3 was investigated in several well-known in vitro matrices. While relatively stable in human and rat plasma, Compound-3 demonstrated noticeable metabolism in liver and intestinal microsomes in the presence of NADPH and human hepatocytes. Compound-3 could also be hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, leading to gemcitabine formation. Metabolite identification using accurate mass- and information-based scan techniques revealed that Compound-3 was subjected to sequential metabolism, forming alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid metabolites, respectively. Results from reaction phenotyping studies indicated that cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) was a key CYP isozyme involved in Compound-3 metabolism. Interaction assays suggested that CYP4F2 activity could be inhibited by Compound-3 or an antiparasitic prodrug pafuramidine. Because CYP4F2 is a key CYP isozyme involved in the metabolism of eicosanoids and therapeutic drugs, clinical relevance of drug-drug interactions mediated via CYP4F2 inhibition warrants further investigation.
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102
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Kushwah V, Katiyar SS, Agrawal AK, Gupta RC, Jain S. Co-delivery of docetaxel and gemcitabine using PEGylated self-assembled stealth nanoparticles for improved breast cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1629-1641. [PMID: 29684527 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present report deals with conjugation of dual drug; docetaxel (DTX) and gemcitabine (GEM) with linker poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG) to develop amphiphilic molecule having self-assembled property. The synthesized conjugate (DTX-PEG-GEM) demonstrated critical micelle concentration (CMC) in the range of 5-10 μg/ml which self-assembled to form NPs with size 124.2 ± 5.7. Remarkably higher coumarin-6 (C-6) fluorescence signals observed in case of C-6 loaded NPs, suggested enhanced cellular uptake via clathrin mediated endocytosis. Developed NPs demonstrated 4.8-fold higher AUC(0-∞) value of GEM in comparison with Gemzar®. Tumor growth inhibition study demonstrated significant reduction in tumor volume and higher survival rate with NPs. Moreover, NPs demonstrated significantly lower hepato- and nephro-toxicity, evident from both histopathological sections and biochemical markers level estimation, and hemolytic toxicity. Data in hand suggest enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity of developed NPs over conventional drugs, resulting in efficient combinatorial chemotherapeutic-regimen and patient compliance, which is still an unmet task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS, Nagar, Punjab, India; James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sameer S Katiyar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ramesh C Gupta
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS, Nagar, Punjab, India.
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103
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Gonzalez C, Sanchez A, Collins J, Lisova K, Lee JT, Michael van Dam R, Alejandro Barbieri M, Ramachandran C, Wnuk SF. The 4-N-acyl and 4-N-alkyl gemcitabine analogues with silicon-fluoride-acceptor: Application to 18F-Radiolabeling. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:314-324. [PMID: 29471120 PMCID: PMC5841594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of gemcitabine with functionalized carboxylic acids using peptide coupling conditions afforded 4-N-alkanoyl analogues with a terminal alkyne or azido moiety. Reaction of 4-N-tosylgemcitabine with azidoalkyl amine provided 4-N-alkyl gemcitabine with a terminal azido group. Click reaction with silane building blocks afforded 4-N-alkanoyl or 4-N-alkyl gemcitabine analogues suitable for fluorination. RP-HPLC analysis indicated better chemical stability of 4-N-alkyl gemcitabine analogues versus 4-N-alkanoyl analogues in acidic aqueous conditions. The 4-N-alkanoyl gemcitabine analogues showed potent cytostatic activity against L1210 cell line, but cytotoxicity of the 4-N-alkylgemcitabine analogues was low. However, 4-N-alkanoyl and 4-N-alkyl analogues had comparable antiproliferative activities in the HEK293 cells. The 4-N-alkyl analogue with a terminal azide group was shown to be localized inside HEK293 cells by fluorescence microscopy after labelling with Fluor 488-alkyne. The [18F]4-N-alkyl or alkanoyl silane gemcitabine analogues were successfully synthesized using microscale and conventional silane-labeling radiochemical protocols. Preliminary positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging in mice showed the biodistribution of [18F]4-N-alkyl to have initial concentration in the liver, kidneys and GI tract followed by increasing signal in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Andersson Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Ksenia Lisova
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Physics & Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Physics & Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - M Alejandro Barbieri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | | | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
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104
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Escobar JFB, Restrepo MHP, Fernández DMM, Martínez AM, Giordani C, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. Synthesis and interaction of sterol-uridine conjugate with DMPC liposomes studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:203-209. [PMID: 29597153 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique which provides information on the interaction between drugs and models of cell membranes. Studies on the calorimetric behavior of hydrated phospholipids within liposomes are employed to shed light on the changes in the physico-chemical properties when interacting with drugs. In this report, new potential anti-cancer drugs such as uridine and uridine derivatives (acetonide and its succinate), 3β-5α,8α-endoperoxide-cholestan-6-en-3-ol (5,8-epidioxicholesterol) and conjugate (uridine acetonide-epidioxicholesterol succinate) have been synthesized. Steglich esterification method using coupling agents allowed to obtain the uridine acetonide-sterol conjugate. The study on the interaction between the drugs and dimiristoyl-phophatidilcholine (DMPC) liposomes has been conducted by the use of DSC. The analysis of the DSC curves indicated that the uridine and derivatives (acetonide and its succinate) present a very soft interaction with the DMPC liposomes, whereas the 5,8-epidioxicholesterol and the conjugate showed a strong effect on the thermotropic behavior. Our results suggested that the lipophilic character of uridine acetonide-sterol conjugate improves the affinity with the DMPC liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fernando Berrío Escobar
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Humberto Pastrana Restrepo
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Margarita Márquez Fernández
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Martínez Martínez
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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105
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Liu X, Li W, Chen T, Yang Q, Huang T, Fu Y, Gong T, Zhang Z. Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Micelles Encapsulating Gem-C 12 and HNK for Glioblastoma Multiforme Chemotherapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1203-1214. [PMID: 29397747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a prevalent brain cancer with high mortality, is resistant to the conventional single-agent chemotherapy. In this study, we employed a combination chemotherapy strategy to inhibit GBM growth and addressed its possible beneficial effects. The synergistic effect of lauroyl-gemcitabine (Gem-C12) and honokiol (HNK) was first tested and optimized using U87 cells in vitro. Then, the hyaluronic acid-grafted micelles (HA-M), encapsulating the optimal mole ratio (1:1) of Gem-C12 and HNK, were prepared and characterized. Cell-based studies demonstrated that HA-M could be transported into cells by a CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis, which could penetrate deeper into tumor spheroids and enhance the cytotoxicity of payloads to glioma cells. In vivo, drug-loaded HA-M significantly increased the survival rate of mice bearing orthotopic xenograft GBM compared with the negative control (1.85-fold). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the enhanced efficacy of HA-M was attributed to the stronger inhibition of glioma proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Altogether, our findings showed advantages of combination chemotherapy of GBM using HA-grafted micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China.,Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control , Western High-tech Zone, No. 8 Xinwen Road , Chengdu 610017 , PR China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
| | - Tijia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control , Western High-tech Zone, No. 8 Xinwen Road , Chengdu 610017 , PR China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , PR China
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106
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Joubert F, Pasparakis G. Hierarchically designed hybrid nanoparticles for combinational photochemotherapy against a pancreatic cancer cell line. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1095-1104. [PMID: 32254297 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the formulation of hybrid nanoparticles consisting of aggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) impregnated into a gemcitabine-polymer conjugate matrix that exhibit synergistic photo-chemo-therapeutic activity against pancreatic cancer. Well-defined, sub-100 nm hybrid NPs were successfully formulated and their photothermal conversion efficiency was evaluated, which was found to be as high as 63% in the red-visible spectrum. By varying the GNP and GEM-polymer feed, it was possible to control the red-shifting of the surface plasmon resonance at therapeutically relevant wavelengths. The hybrid NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MiaPaCa-2 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.0012 mg mL-1; however the IC50 decreased by a factor of 2 after the cells were irradiated with a continuous wave red laser for 1 min (1.4 W cm-2). Although the irradiation of the aggregated GNPs loaded in the hybrid NPs produced a higher thermal effect for the same amount of non-loaded GNPs, the IC50 of the hybrid NPs was significantly lower than that of the free GNPs, hence indicating a synergistic effect of the polymer bound GEM and the GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joubert
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick square, WC1N 1AX London, UK.
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107
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Daifuku R, Koratich M, Stackhouse M. Vitamin E Phosphate Nucleoside Prodrugs: A Platform for Intracellular Delivery of Monophosphorylated Nucleosides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11010016. [PMID: 29415423 PMCID: PMC5874712 DOI: 10.3390/ph11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E phosphate (VEP) nucleoside prodrugs are designed to bypass two mechanisms of tumor resistance to therapeutic nucleosides: nucleoside transport and kinase downregulation. Certain isoforms of vitamin E (VE) have shown activity against solid and hematologic tumors and result in chemosensitization. Because gemcitabine is one of the most common chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer, it was used to demonstrate the constructs utility. Four different VE isoforms were conjugated with gemcitabine at the 5′ position. Two of these were δ-tocopherol-monophosphate (MP) gemcitabine (NUC050) and δ-tocotrienol-MP gemcitabine (NUC052). NUC050 was shown to be able to deliver gemcitabine-MP intracellularly by a nucleoside transport independent mechanism. Its half-life administered IV in mice was 3.9 h. In a mouse xenograft model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) NCI-H460, NUC050 at a dose of 40 mg/kg IV qwk × 4 resulted in significant inhibition to tumor growth on days 11–31 (p < 0.05) compared to saline control (SC). Median survival was 33 days (NUC050) vs. 25.5 days (SC) ((hazard ratio) HR = 0.24, p = 0.017). Further, NUC050 significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to historic data with gemcitabine at 135 mg/kg IV q5d × 3 on days 14–41 (p < 0.05). NUC052 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg IV qwk × 2 followed by 50 mg/kg qwk × 2. NUC052 resulted in inhibition to tumor growth on days 14–27 (p < 0.05) and median survival was 34 days (HR = 0.27, p = 0.033). NUC050 and NUC052 have been shown to be safe and effective in a mouse xenograft of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Daifuku
- Epigenetics Pharma, 9270 SE 36th Pl, Mercer Island, WA 98040, USA.
| | - Michael Koratich
- Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - Murray Stackhouse
- Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
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108
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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109
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Coadministration of Polymeric Conjugates of Docetaxel and Cyclopamine Synergistically Inhibits Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Pharm Res 2018; 35:17. [PMID: 29305793 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether co-administration of hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor cyclopamine (CYP) and microtubule stabilizer docetaxel (DTX) as polymer-drug conjugates, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cyclopamine) (P-CYP) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-docetaxel) (P-DTX) could synergistically inhibit orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in NSG mice. METHODS P-DTX and P-CYP were synthesized from mPEG-b-PCC through carbodiimide coupling reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR. The micelles were prepared by film hydration and particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis of P-DTX and P-CYP were evaluated in MIA PaCa-2 cells. In vivo efficacy of P-DTX and P-CYP were evaluated in NSG mice bearing MIA PaCa-2 cells derived orthotopic pancreatic tumor. RESULTS P-CYP and P-DTX self-assembled into micelles of <90 nm and their combination therapy efficiently inhibited the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at M-phase more efficiently than P-CYP and P-DTX monotherapies. Furthermore, the combination therapy of P-CYP and P-DTX significantly reduced Hh component expression compared to P-CYP alone as determined by Western blot analysis. Lastly, the combination therapy induced greater inhibition of orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in NSG mice compared to their monotherapies. CONCLUSION Combination of polymer conjugated anticancer drug (P-DTX) with polymer conjugated Hh inhibitor (P-CYP) enhanced pancreatic cancer cell killing, apoptosis as well as in vivo tumor growth inhibition with no obvious toxicities.
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110
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Quinn BA, Wang S, Barile E, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, De SK, Morvaridi SK, Stebbins JL, Pandol SJ, Fisher PB, Pellecchia M. Therapy of pancreatic cancer via an EphA2 receptor-targeted delivery of gemcitabine. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17103-10. [PMID: 26959746 PMCID: PMC4941374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
First line treatment for pancreatic cancer consists of surgical resection, if possible, and a subsequent course of chemotherapy using the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine. In some patients, an active transport mechanism allows gemcitabine to enter efficiently into the tumor cells, resulting in a significant clinical benefit. However, in most patients, low expression of gemcitabine transporters limits the efficacy of the drug to marginal levels, and patients need frequent administration of the drug at high doses, significantly increasing systemic drug toxicity. In this article we focus on a novel targeted delivery approach for gemcitabine consisting of conjugating the drug with an EphA2 targeting agent. We show that the EphA2 receptor is highly expressed in pancreatic cancers, and accordingly, the drug-conjugate is more effective than gemcitabine alone in targeting pancreatic tumors. Our preliminary observations suggest that this approach may provide a general benefit to pancreatic cancer patients and offers a comprehensive strategy for enhancing delivery of diverse therapeutic agents to a wide range of cancers overexpressing EphA2, thereby potentially reducing toxicity while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Quinn
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Si Wang
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elisa Barile
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Surya K De
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - John L Stebbins
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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111
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Enzyme-sensitive gemcitabine conjugated albumin nanoparticles as a versatile theranostic nanoplatform for pancreatic cancer treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 507:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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112
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Berdis AJ. Inhibiting DNA Polymerases as a Therapeutic Intervention against Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:78. [PMID: 29201867 PMCID: PMC5696574 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting DNA synthesis is an important therapeutic strategy that is widely used to treat a number of hyperproliferative diseases including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. This chapter describes two major categories of therapeutic agents used to inhibit DNA synthesis. The first category includes purine and pyrmidine nucleoside analogs that directly inhibit DNA polymerase activity. The second category includes DNA damaging agents including cisplatin and chlorambucil that modify the composition and structure of the nucleic acid substrate to indirectly inhibit DNA synthesis. Special emphasis is placed on describing the molecular mechanisms of these inhibitory effects against chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA polymerases. Discussions are also provided on the mechanisms associated with resistance to these therapeutic agents. A primary focus is toward understanding the roles of specialized DNA polymerases that by-pass DNA lesions produced by DNA damaging agents. Finally, a section is provided that describes emerging areas in developing new therapeutic strategies targeting specialized DNA polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Berdis
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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113
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Amrutkar M, Gladhaug IP. Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E157. [PMID: 29144412 PMCID: PMC5704175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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114
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Bastiancich C, Bastiat G, Lagarce F. Gemcitabine and glioblastoma: challenges and current perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:416-423. [PMID: 29074439 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog currently used for the treatment of various solid tumors as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Its use against highly aggressive brain tumors (glioblastoma) has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials leading to controversial results. Gemcitabine can inhibit DNA chain elongation, is a potent radiosensitizer and it can enhance antitumor immune activity, but it also presents some drawbacks (e.g., short half-life, side effects, chemoresistance). The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges related to the use of gemcitabine for glioblastoma and to report recent studies that suggest overcoming these obstacles opening new perspectives for its use in the field (e.g., gemcitabine derivatives and/or nanomedicines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bastiancich
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Bastiat
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Frederic Lagarce
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France; Pharmacy Department, CHU Angers, Angers University Hospital, France.
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115
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Fluorinated nucleosides as an important class of anticancer and antiviral agents. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1809-1833. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing nucleoside analogs (NAs) represent a significant class of the US FDA-approved chemotherapeutics widely used in the clinic. The incorporation of fluorine into drug-like agents modulates lipophilic, electronic and steric parameters, thus influencing pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Fluorine can block oxidative metabolism of drugs and the formation of undesired metabolites by changing H-bonding interactions. In this review, we focus our attention on chemical fluorination reagents and methods used in the NAs field, including positron emission tomography radiochemistry. We briefly discuss both the cellular biology and clinical properties of FDA-approved and fluorine-containing nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in development as well as common resistance mechanisms associated with their use. Finally, we emphasize pronucleotide strategies used to improve therapeutic outcome of NAs in the clinic.
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116
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Hill DB, Hoffmann PR, Morris KR, Barrett EG, Forest MG, Chougule MB. Development of Optimized, Inhalable, Gemcitabine-Loaded Gelatin Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:299-321. [PMID: 28277892 PMCID: PMC5650720 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerosol delivery of chemotherapeutic nanocarriers represents a promising alternative for lung cancer therapy. This study optimized gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded gelatin nanocarriers (GNCs) cross-linked with genipin (Gem-GNCs) to evaluate their potential for nebulized lung cancer treatment. METHODS Gem-GNCs were prepared by two-step desolvation and optimized through Taguchi design and characterized for physicochemical properties. Particle size and morphology were confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release of Gem from Gem-GNCs performed in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline and simulated lung fluid was evaluated to determine release mechanisms. Particle size stability was assessed under varying pH. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used to determine the presence and stability of Gem-GNC components and amorphization of Gem, respectively. Gem-GNC efficacy within A549 and H460 cells was evaluated using MTT assays. Mucus rheology upon treatment with Gem-GNCs, lactose, and normal saline control was measured. Andersen cascade impaction identified the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the nebulized formulation. RESULTS Gem-GNCs had particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency of 178 ± 7.1 nm, -18.9 mV, 92.5%, and 9.1%, respectively. The Gem and formulation excipients where molecularly dispersed and configured amorphously. Gem-GNCs were stable at pH 5.4-7.4 for 72 hours. Gem release from Gem-GNCs was governed by non-Fickian controlled release due to diffusion/erosion from a matrix-based nanocarrier. Gem-GNCs elicited a 40% reduction of the complex viscosity η*(1 Hz) of human bronchial epithelial cell mucus containing 3 wt% solids to mimic mild airway disease. The nebulized Gem-GNCs had a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.0 ± 0.16 μm, geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.7 ± 0.16, and fine particle fraction (FPF) of 75.2% ± 2.4%. The Gem-GNC formulation did not outperform the Gem solution in A549 cells. However, in H460, Gem-GNCs outperformed the Gem IC50 reduction by ∼5-fold at 48 and 10-fold 72 hours. CONCLUSION Stable, effective, and sustained-release Gem-GNCs were developed. The nebulized Gem-GNCs had satisfactory MMAD, GSD, and FPF and the formulation reduced the dynamic complex viscosity of mucus consistent with increased mobility of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
| | - David B. Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter R. Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Kenneth R. Morris
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
- The Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University–Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Edward G. Barrett
- Respiratory and Asthma Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
- Translational Drug and Gene Delivery Research (TransDGDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
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Oluwasanmi A, Al-Shakarchi W, Manzur A, Aldebasi MH, Elsini RS, Albusair MK, Haxton KJ, Curtis ADM, Hoskins C. Diels Alder-mediated release of gemcitabine from hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced pancreatic cancer therapy. J Control Release 2017; 266:355-364. [PMID: 28943195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) have shown huge potential as drug delivery vehicles for pancreatic cancer. Currently, the first line treatment, gemcitabine, is only effective in 23.8% of patients. To improve this, a thermally activated system was developed by introducing a linker between HNPs and gemcitabine. Whereby, heat generation resulting from laser irradiation of the HNPs promoted linker breakdown resulting in prodrug liberation. In vitro evaluation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, showed the prodrug was 4.3 times less cytotoxic than gemcitabine, but exhibited 11-fold improvement in cellular uptake. Heat activation of the formulation led to a 56% rise in cytotoxicity causing it to outperform gemcitabine by 26%. In vivo the formulation outperformed free gemcitabine with a 62% reduction in tumor weight in pancreatic xenografts. This HNP formulation is the first of its kind and has displayed superior anti-cancer activity as compared to the current first line drug gemcitabine after heat mediated controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Oluwasanmi
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Wejdan Al-Shakarchi
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ayesha Manzur
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mohammed H Aldebasi
- College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn, Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan S Elsini
- College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn, Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malek K Albusair
- College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn, Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katherine J Haxton
- School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Anthony D M Curtis
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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118
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Kushwah V, Agrawal AK, Dora CP, Mallinson D, Lamprou DA, Gupta RC, Jain S. Novel Gemcitabine Conjugated Albumin Nanoparticles: a Potential Strategy to Enhance Drug Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2295-2311. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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119
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Joubert F, Martin L, Perrier S, Pasparakis G. Development of a Gemcitabine-Polymer Conjugate with Prolonged Cytotoxicity against a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:535-540. [PMID: 35610886 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a nucleoside analogue of deoxycytidine with limited therapeutic efficacy due to enzymatic hydrolysis by cytidine deaminase (CDA) resulting in compromised half-life in the bloodstream and poor pharmacokinetics. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a methacrylate-based GEM-monomer conjugate, which was polymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with high monomer conversion (∼90%) and low dispersity (<1.4). The resulting GEM-polymer conjugates were found to form well-defined sub-90 nm nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous suspension. Subsequently, the GEM release was studied at different pH (∼7 and ∼5) with and without the presence of an enzyme, Cathepsin B. The GEM release profiles followed a pseudo zero-order rate and the GEM-polymer conjugate NPs were prone to acidic and enzymatic degradation, following a two-step hydrolysis mechanism. Furthermore, the NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity in vitro against a model pancreatic cell line. Although, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the GEM-monomer and -polymer conjugate NPs was higher than free GEM, the conjugates showed superiorly prolonged activity compared to the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381
Royal Parade, Parkville, Australia
| | - George Pasparakis
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
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120
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Hamsici S, Sardan Ekiz M, Cinar Ciftci G, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Gemcitabine Integrated Nano-Prodrug Carrier System. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1491-1498. [PMID: 28441471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nanomaterials have received a great deal of interest in drug-delivery applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, suitability for large-scale synthesis, high drug-loading capacities, targeting ability, and ordered structural organization. The covalent conjugation of drugs to peptide backbones results in prolonged circulation time and improved stability of drugs. Therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine, which is used for breast cancer treatment, is severely compromised due to its rapid plasma degradation. Its hydrophilic nature poses a challenge for both its efficient encapsulation into nanocarrier systems and its sustained release property. Here, we designed a new peptide prodrug molecule for the anticancer drug gemcitabine, which was covalently conjugated to the C-terminal of 9-fluorenylmethoxy carbonyl (Fmoc)-protected glycine. The prodrug was further integrated into peptide nanocarrier system through noncovalent interactions. A pair of oppositely charged amyloid-inspired peptides (Fmoc-AIPs) were exploited as components of the drug-carrier system and self-assembled into one-dimensional nanofibers at physiological conditions. The gemcitabine integrated nanoprodrug carrier system exhibited slow release and reduced the cellular viability of 4T1 breast cancer cell line in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Hamsici
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Melis Sardan Ekiz
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Goksu Cinar Ciftci
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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121
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Gemcitabine anti-proliferative activity significantly enhanced upon conjugation with cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2898-2901. [PMID: 28495087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine proven efficiency against a wide range of solid tumors and undergoes deamination to its inactive uridine metabolite, which underlies its low bioavailability, and tumour resistance was also associated with nucleoside transporter alterations. Hence, we have conjugated gemcitabine to cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), in an effort to both mask its aniline moiety and facilitate its delivery into cancer cells. Two CPP-drug conjugates have been synthesized and studied regarding both the time-dependent kinetics of gemcitabine release and their anti-proliferative activity on three different human cancer cell lines. Results obtained reveal a dramatic increase in the anti-proliferative activity of gemcitabine in vitro, upon conjugation with the CPPs. As such, CPP-gemcitabine conjugates emerge as promising leads for cancer therapy.
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122
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Han H, Valdepérez D, Jin Q, Yang B, Li Z, Wu Y, Pelaz B, Parak WJ, Ji J. Dual Enzymatic Reaction-Assisted Gemcitabine Delivery Systems for Programmed Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1281-1291. [PMID: 28071891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual enzymatic reactions were introduced to fabricate programmed gemcitabine (GEM) nanovectors for targeted pancreatic cancer therapy. Dual-enzyme-sensitive GEM nanovectors were prepared by conjugation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) detachable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), cathepsin B-cleavable GEM, and targeting ligand CycloRGD to CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The GEM nanovectors decorated with a PEG corona could avoid nonspecific interactions and exhibit prolonged blood circulation time. After GEM nanovectors were accumulated in tumor tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, the PEG corona can be removed by overexpressed MMP-9 in tumor tissue and RGD would be exposed, which was capable of facilitating cellular internalization. Once internalized into pancreatic cancer cells, the elevated lysosomal cathepsin B could further promote the release of GEM. By employing dual enzymatic reactions, the GEM nanovectors could achieve prolonged circulation time while maintaining enhanced cellular internalization and effective drug release. The proposed mechanism of the dual enzymatic reaction-assisted GEM delivery system was fully investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, compared to free GEM, the deamination of GEM nanovectors into inactive 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) could be greatly suppressed, while the concentration of the activated form of GEM (gemcitabine triphosphate, dFdCTP) was significantly increased in tumor tissue, thus exhibiting superior tumor inhibition activity with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Daniel Valdepérez
- Philipps Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Physik, Renthof 7, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Zuhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Philipps Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Physik, Renthof 7, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Philipps Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Physik, Renthof 7, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, China
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123
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Karampelas T, Skavatsou E, Argyros O, Fokas D, Tamvakopoulos C. Gemcitabine Based Peptide Conjugate with Improved Metabolic Properties and Dual Mode of Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:674-685. [PMID: 28099809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a clinically established anticancer agent potent in various solid tumors but limited by its rapid metabolic inactivation and off-target toxicity. We have previously generated a metabolically superior to gemcitabine molecule (GSG) by conjugating gemcitabine to a gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) ligand peptide and showed that GSG was efficacious in a castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) animal model. The current article provides an in-depth metabolic and mechanistic study of GSG, coupled with toxicity assays that strengthen the potential role of GSG in the clinic. LC-MS/MS based approaches were employed to delineate the metabolism of GSG, its mechanistic cellular uptake, and release of gemcitabine and to quantitate the intracellular levels of gemcitabine and its metabolites (active dFdCTP and inactive dFdU) resulting from GSG. The GnRH-R agonistic potential of GSG was investigated by quantifying the testosterone levels in animals dosed daily with GSG, while an in vitro colony forming assay together with in vivo whole blood measurements were performed to elucidate the hematotoxicity profile of GSG. Stability showed that the major metabolite of GSG is a more stable nonapeptide that could prolong gemcitabine's bioavailability. GSG acted as a prodrug and offered a metabolic advantage compared to gemcitabine by generating higher and steadier levels of dFdCTP/dFdU ratio, while intracellular release of gemcitabine from GSG in DU145 CRPC cells depended on nucleoside transporters. Daily administrations in mice showed that GSG is a potent GnRH-R agonist that can also cause testosterone ablation without any observed hematotoxicity. In summary, GSG could offer a powerful and unique pharmacological approach to prostate cancer treatment: a single nontoxic molecule that can be used to reach the tumor site selectively with superior to gemcitabine metabolism, biodistribution, and safety while also agonistically ablating testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karampelas
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skavatsou
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orestis Argyros
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Fokas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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124
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Teng W, Jia F, Han H, Qin Z, Jin Q, Ji J. Polyamino acid-based gemcitabine nanocarriers for targeted intracellular drug delivery. Polym Chem 2017; 8:2490-2498. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have successfully fabricated a biocompatible polyamino acid-based nanocarrier with reduction-sensitivity and targeting ability for gemcitabine (GEM) delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Teng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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125
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Han H, Teng W, Chen T, Zhao J, Jin Q, Qin Z, Ji J. A cascade enzymatic reaction activatable gemcitabine prodrug with an AIE-based intracellular light-up apoptotic probe for in situ self-therapeutic monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9214-9217. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cascade enzymatic reaction activatable gemcitabine prodrug was designed as a theranostic platform for in situ self-therapeutic monitoring of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Wenzhuo Teng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tingting Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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126
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Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide and gemcitabine inhibit Zika virus infection in vitro and differentially affect cellular signaling, transcription and metabolism. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:117-128. [PMID: 28049006 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly, is ongoing in the Americas and the Pacific. Currently there are no approved therapies to treat this emerging viral disease. Here, we tested three cell-directed broad-spectrum antiviral compounds against ZIKV replication using human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and a low-passage ZIKV strain isolated from fetal brain. We found that obatoclax, SaliPhe, and gemcitabine inhibited ZIKV infections at noncytotoxic concentrations. Moreover, all three compounds prevented production of viral RNA and proteins as well as activation of cellular caspase 8, 3 and 7. However, these compounds differentially affected ZIKV-mediated transcription, translation and posttranslational modifications of cellular factors as well as metabolic pathways indicating that these agents possess different mechanisms of action. Interestingly, combination of obatoclax and SaliPhe at nanomolar concentrations had a synergistic effect against ZIKV infection. Thus, our results provided the foundation for development of broad-spectrum cell-directed antivirals or their combinations for treatment of ZIKV and other emerging viral diseases.
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Yang R, Nam K, Kim SW, Turkson J, Zou Y, Zuo YY, Haware RV, Chougule MB. Factorial Design Based Multivariate Modeling and Optimization of Tunable Bioresponsive Arginine Grafted Poly(cystaminebis(acrylamide)-diaminohexane) Polymeric Matrix Based Nanocarriers. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:252-263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbing Yang
- Translational Drug
and Gene Delivery Research (TransDGDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Research
of Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Translational
Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery
(CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- School
of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery
(CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - James Turkson
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Ye Zou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Rahul V. Haware
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina 27506, United States
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Translational Drug
and Gene Delivery Research (TransDGDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Research
of Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Translational
Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
- Pii Center
for Pharmaceutical Technology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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128
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Discovery of a novel chimeric ubenimex–gemcitabine with potent oral antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5787-5795. [PMID: 27670098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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129
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Naguib YW, Lansakara-P D, Lashinger LM, Rodriguez BL, Valdes S, Niu M, Aldayel AM, Peng L, Hursting SD, Cui Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of 4-(N)-Docosahexaenoyl 2', 2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine with Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antitumor Activity. Neoplasia 2016; 18:33-48. [PMID: 26806350 PMCID: PMC5965255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new compound, 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2′, 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC), was synthesized and characterized. Its antitumor activity was evaluated in cell culture and in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC is a poorly soluble, pale yellow waxy solid, with a molecular mass of 573.3 Da and a melting point of about 96°C. The activation energy for the degradation of DHA-dFdC in an aqueous Tween 80–based solution is 12.86 kcal/mol, whereas its stability is significantly higher in the presence of vitamin E. NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screening revealed that DHA-dFdC has potent and broad-spectrum antitumor activity, especially in leukemia, renal, and central nervous system cancer cell lines. In human and murine pancreatic cancer cell lines, the IC50 value of DHA-dFdC was up to 105-fold lower than that of dFdC. The elimination of DHA-dFdC in mouse plasma appeared to follow a biexponential model, with a terminal phase t1/2 of about 58 minutes. DHA-dFdC significantly extended the survival of genetically engineered mice that spontaneously develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In nude mice with subcutaneously implanted human Panc-1 pancreatic tumors, the antitumor activity of DHA-dFdC was significantly stronger than the molar equivalent of dFdC alone, DHA alone, or the physical mixture of them (1:1, molar ratio). DHA-dFdC also significantly inhibited the growth of Panc-1 tumors orthotopically implanted in the pancreas of nude mice, whereas the molar equivalent dose of dFdC alone did not show any significant activity. DHA-dFdC is a promising compound for the potential treatment of cancers in organs such as the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef W Naguib
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Dharmika Lansakara-P
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Laura M Lashinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Solange Valdes
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Abdulaziz M Aldayel
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Lan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
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130
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Qi H, Lu J, Li J, Wang M, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhang H. Enhanced Antitumor Activity of Monophosphate Ester Prodrugs of Gemcitabine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2966-2973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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131
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Feng Q, Tong R. Anticancer nanoparticulate polymer-drug conjugate. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:277-296. [PMID: 29313017 PMCID: PMC5689533 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent progress in polymer-drug conjugate for cancer nanomedicine. Polymer-drug conjugates, including the nanoparticle prepared from these conjugates, are designed to release drug in tumor tissues or cells in order to improve drugs' therapeutic efficacy. We summarize general design principles for the polymer-drug conjugate, including the synthetic strategies, the design of the chemical linkers between the drug and polymer in the conjugate, and the in vivo drug delivery barriers for polymer-drug conjugates. Several new strategies, such as the synthesis of polymer-drug conjugates and supramolecular-drug conjugates, the use of stimulus-responsive delivery, and triggering the change of the nanoparticle physiochemical properties to over delivery barriers, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyou Feng
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
| | - Rong Tong
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
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132
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Dubey RD, Saneja A, Gupta PK, Gupta PN. Recent advances in drug delivery strategies for improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:147-62. [PMID: 27531553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine; dFdC) is an efficacious anticancer agent acting against a wide range of solid tumors, including pancreatic, non-small cell lung, bladder, breast, ovarian, thyroid and multiple myelomas. However, short plasma half-life due to metabolism by cytidine deaminase necessitates administration of high dose, which limits its medical applicability. Further, due to its hydrophilic nature, it cannot traverse cell membranes by passive diffusion and, therefore, enters via nucleoside transporters that may lead to drug resistance. To circumvent these limitations, macromolecular prodrugs and nanocarrier-based formulations of Gemcitabine are gaining wide recognition. The nanoformulations based approaches by virtue of their controlled release and targeted delivery have proved to improve bioavailability, increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects of the drug. Furthermore, the combination of Gemcitabine with other anticancer agents as well as siRNAs using nanocarriers has also been investigated in order to enhance its therapeutic potential. This review deals with challenges and recent advances in the delivery of Gemcitabine with particular emphasis on macromolecular prodrugs and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Dhar Dubey
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India
| | - Prasoon K Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India.
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India.
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133
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Saleh AM, Taha MO, Aziz MA, Al-Qudah MA, AbuTayeh RF, Rizvi SA. Novel anticancer compound [trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazole N-nucleoside] inhibits FLT3 activity to induce differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:199-208. [PMID: 26916980 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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134
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Sasso MS, Lollo G, Pitorre M, Solito S, Pinton L, Valpione S, Bastiat G, Mandruzzato S, Bronte V, Marigo I, Benoit JP. Low dose gemcitabine-loaded lipid nanocapsules target monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2016; 96:47-62. [PMID: 27135716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is known to impair the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Among pharmacological approaches for MDSC modulation, chemotherapy with selected drugs has a considerable interest due to the possibility of a rapid translation to the clinic. However, such approach is poorly selective and may be associated with dose-dependent toxicities. In the present study, we showed that lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) loaded with a lauroyl-modified form of gemcitabine (GemC12) efficiently target the monocytic (M-) MDSC subset. Subcutaneous administration of GemC12-loaded LNCs reduced the percentage of spleen and tumor-infiltrating M-MDSCs in lymphoma and melanoma-bearing mice, with enhanced efficacy when compared to free gemcitabine. Consistently, fluorochrome-labeled LNCs were preferentially uptaken by monocytic cells rather than by other immune cells, in both tumor-bearing mice and human blood samples from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Very low dose administration of GemC12-loaded LNCs attenuated tumor-associated immunosuppression and increased the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy. Overall, our results show that GemC12-LNCs have monocyte-targeting properties that can be useful for immunomodulatory purposes, and unveil new possibilities for the exploitation of nanoparticulate drug formulations in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Sasso
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marion Pitorre
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Samantha Solito
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Pinton
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Valpione
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bastiat
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
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135
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Lauroyl-gemcitabine-loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel for the treatment of glioblastoma. J Control Release 2016; 225:283-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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136
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Han H, Wang H, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Jin Q, Ji J. Theranostic reduction-sensitive gemcitabine prodrug micelles for near-infrared imaging and pancreatic cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:283-291. [PMID: 26608864 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A biodegradable and reduction-cleavable gemcitabine (GEM) polymeric prodrug with in vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging ability was reported. This theranostic GEM prodrug PEG-b-[PLA-co-PMAC-graft-(IR820-co-GEM)] was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and "click" reaction. The as-prepared reduction-sensitive prodrug could self-assemble into prodrug micelles in aqueous solution confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro drug release studies showed that these prodrug micelles were able to release GEM in an intracellular-mimicking reductive environment. These prodrug micelles could be effectively internalized by BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells, which were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Meanwhile, a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay demonstrated that this prodrug exhibited high cytotoxicity against BxPC-3 cells. The in vivo whole-animal near-infrared (NIR) imaging results showed that these prodrug micelles could be effectively accumulated in tumor tissue and had a longer blood circulation time than IR820-COOH. The endogenous reduction-sensitive gemcitabine prodrug micelles with the in vivo NIR imaging ability might have great potential in image-guided pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yangjun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zuhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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137
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Sobot D, Mura S, Couvreur P. How can nanomedicines overcome cellular-based anticancer drug resistance? J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5078-5100. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00900j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance according to its cellular level of action and outlines the nanomedicine-based strategies adopted to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Sobot
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
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138
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Yu X, Di Y, Xie C, Song Y, He H, Li H, Pu X, Lu W, Fu D, Jin C. An in vitro and in vivo study of gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanoparticles in a pancreatic cancer cell line. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6825-34. [PMID: 26586944 PMCID: PMC4636168 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gemcitabine (Gem) is far from satisfactory as the first-line regimen for pancreatic cancer, and the emergence of albumin nanoparticles offers new hope for the delivery of Gem. In this study, Gem-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (Gem-HSA-NPs) were successfully synthesized, characterized, and tested on a BxPC-3 cell line both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4-N-myristoyl-gemcitabine (Gem-C14) was obtained first by coupling myristoyl with the 4-amino group of Gem. The Gem-HSA-NPs were then prepared by nanoparticle albumin-bound technology and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading efficiency, and release characteristics. Using both in vitro and in vivo studies, Gem-C14 and Gem-HSA-NPs were tested on the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. RESULTS Gem-HSA-NPs showed an average particle size of 150±27 nm, and with an encapsulation rate of 82.99%±3.5% and a drug-loading rate of 10.42%±3.5%, they exhibited a favorable controlled- and sustained-release nature. In in vitro, Gem-C14 was equivalent in cytotoxicity to Gem. In in vivo, the Gem-HSA-NPs exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on tumor growth but the lowest toxicity among the four groups. CONCLUSION The enhanced in vivo efficacy of Gem-HSA-NPs toward the pancreatic cancer cell line suggests their potential role for use in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Yu
- Pancreatic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Di
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xie
- School of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Song
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang He
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchao Li
- Pancreatic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Pu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- School of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jin
- Pancreatic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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139
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Huang CY, Chang YJ, Luo SD, Uyanga B, Lin FY, Tai CJ, Huang MT. Maspin mediates the gemcitabine sensitivity of hormone-independent prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4075-82. [PMID: 26490978 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has constituted the main treatment for prostate cancer; however, tumors ultimately progress to hormone-independent prostate cancer (HIPC), and suitable therapeutic strategies for HIPC are not available. Maspin, which is also known as mammary serine protease inhibitor, has been suggested to be a valuable focus for targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, maspin has been shown to be upregulated after androgen ablation therapy. Gemcitabine is used as a first-line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, but its disease control rate is low. Furthermore, the role of maspin in the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine for HIPC remains unclear. The expression levels of maspin in PC-3 and DU145 cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, the expression of maspin was silenced using shRNA technology to generate maspin-KD cells. The cytotoxicity of gemcitabine to prostate cancer cells was assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, whereas flow cytometry analyses and annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assays were used to assess the ability of gemcitabine to induce apoptosis in maspin-KD and control cells. Additionally, the expression patterns of anti-apoptosis proteins (myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)) and pro-apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)) were determined by Western blotting. In this study, PC-3 cells were more resistant to gemcitabine administration than DU145 cells, which correlated with the higher expression levels of maspin observed in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, maspin knockdown enhanced gemcitabine-induced cell death, as evidenced by the increased number of apoptotic cells. Gemcitabine treatment upregulated the levels of anti-apoptosis proteins (Mcl-2 and Bcl-2) in both scrambled control and maspin-KD cells; however, the fold changes in Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression were larger in gemcitabine-treated scrambled control cells than in maspin-KD cells. Finally, our findings indicate for the first time that maspin may mediate the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in HIPC. Our results demonstrate that maspin knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to gemcitabine. Therefore, combining gemcitabine with a drug that targets maspin might constitute a valuable strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Batzorig Uyanga
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jeng Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Te Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Faivre SJ, Olszanski AJ, Weigang-Köhler K, Riess H, Cohen RB, Wang X, Myrand SP, Wickremsinhe ER, Horn CL, Ouyang H, Callies S, Benhadji KA, Raymond E. Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of two different schedules of LY2334737, an oral gemcitabine prodrug, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:1206-16. [PMID: 26377590 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This Phase-I-study aimed to determine the recommended Phase-II-dosing-schedule of LY2334737, an oral gemcitabine prodrug, in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Pharmacokinetics, cytokeratin-18 (CK18) levels, genetic polymorphisms, and antitumor activity were additionally evaluated. METHODS Patients received escalating doses of LY2334737 either every other day for 21 days (d) followed by 7 days-drug-free period (QoD-arm) or once daily for 7 days every other week (QD-arm). The 28 days-cycles were repeated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation was succeeded by a dose-confirmation phase (12 additional patients to be enrolled on the maximum tolerated dose [MTD]). RESULTS Forty-one patients received QoD- (40-100 mg) and 32 QD-dosing (40-90 mg). On QoD, 3/9 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) on the 100 mg dose (2 × G3 diarrhea, 1 × G3 transaminase increase); 1 additional DLT (G3 diarrhea) occurred during dose confirmation at 90 mg (12 patients). On QD, 1 patient each experienced DLTs on 60 mg (G3 transaminase increase) and 80 mg (G3 prolonged QTcF-interval); 2/7 patients had 3 DLTs on the 90 mg dose (diarrhea, edema, liver-failure; all G3). The MTD was established at 90 mg for the QoD-arm. Seven patients on QoD and 4 on QD achieved SD (no CR + PR). Pharmacokinetics showed a dose-proportional increase in exposure of LY2334737 and dFdC without accumulation after repeated dosing. Significant increases in CK18 levels were observed. Genetic polymorphism of the cytidine deaminase gene (rs818202) could be associated with ≥ G3 hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Both schedules displayed linear pharmacokinetics and acceptable safety profiles. The recommended dose and schedule of LY2334737 for subsequent Phase-II-studies is 90 mg given QoD for 21 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine J Faivre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France
| | | | | | - Hanno Riess
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite Campus Virchow Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott P Myrand
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Candice L Horn
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Haojun Ouyang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sophie Callies
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eric Raymond
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University Hospital, Clichy, France. .,Hospital Beaujon, 100 Bd du General Leclerc, 92118, Clichy, France.
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141
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Development and evaluation of folate functionalized albumin nanoparticles for targeted delivery of gemcitabine. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:80-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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142
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Gorka AP, Nani RR, Schnermann MJ. Cyanine polyene reactivity: scope and biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7584-98. [PMID: 26052876 PMCID: PMC7780248 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines are indispensable fluorophores that form the chemical basis of many fluorescence-based applications. A feature that distinguishes cyanines from other common fluorophores is an exposed polyene linker that is both crucial to absorption and emission and subject to covalent reactions that dramatically alter these optical properties. Over the past decade, reactions involving the cyanine polyene have been used as foundational elements for a range of biomedical techniques. These include the optical sensing of biological analytes, super-resolution imaging, and near-IR light-initiated uncaging. This review surveys the chemical reactivity of the cyanine polyene and the biomedical methods enabled by these reactions. The overarching goal is to highlight the multifaceted nature of cyanine chemistry and biology, as well as to point out the key role of reactivity-based insights in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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143
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Wauthoz N, Bastiat G, Moysan E, Cieślak A, Kondo K, Zandecki M, Moal V, Rousselet MC, Hureaux J, Benoit JP. Safe lipid nanocapsule-based gel technology to target lymph nodes and combat mediastinal metastases from an orthotopic non-small-cell lung cancer model in SCID-CB17 mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1237-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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144
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Jin Y, Wang S, Yao W, Du L. Molecular self-assembly of amphiphilic cyclic phosphoryl gemcitabine with different N-fatty acyl tails and enhanced anticancer effects of the self-assembled nanostructures. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:356-61. [PMID: 26143151 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly of nucleosides is important, and the self-assembled nanostructures may be used for drug delivery and targeting. Gemcitabine (GEM) is an important anticancer nucleoside analog though deactivation and multi-drug resistance frequently happen. Four N-fatty acyl derivatives of cyclic phosphoryl GEM were prepared based on the theory of self-assembled drug delivery systems and the HepDirect prodrug technique wherein the prodrug could be degraded by the cytochrome P450 isozymes in hepatocytes to release active drugs. They are cyclic phosphoryl N-octyl gemcitabine (CPOG), cyclic phosphoryl N-dodecanoyl gemcitabine (CPDG), cyclic phosphoryl N-hexadecanoyl gemcitabine (CPHG), and cyclic phosphoryl N-octadecanoyl gemcitabine (CPODG). Their amphiphilicity and self-assembling property were explored. The self-assembled nanostructures of them were prepared and simulated. The in vitro anticancer activities of the nanostructures were investigated. The derivatives formed the Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface, though their surface pressure-molecular area isotherms were different with dependency of the length of lipid chains. The derivatives self-assembled into the vesicular or rice-like nanostructures based on the hydrophobic interaction between lipid chains when injected into water, in accordance with the results of computer simulation. The nanostructures showed higher anticancer effects on HepG2 cells than GEM. The nanostructures are promising anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weishang Yao
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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145
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Quinn BA, Lee NA, Kegelman TP, Bhoopathi P, Emdad L, Das SK, Pellecchia M, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. The Quest for an Effective Treatment for an Intractable Cancer: Established and Novel Therapies for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 127:283-306. [PMID: 26093904 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With therapies that date back to the 1950s, and few newly approved treatments in the last 20 years, pancreatic cancer remains a significant challenge for the development of novel therapeutics. Current regimens have successfully extended patient survival, although they still lead to prognoses measured in months rather than years. The genetic diversity inherent in pancreatic tumors forms the roadblocks that must be overcome in future therapeutics. Recent insight into the genetic patterns found in tumor cells may provide clues leading to better understanding of the challenges hindering the development of treatments. Here, we review currently used drugs and established combination therapies that comprise the standard of care for a highly recalcitrant disease. Novel approaches can improve upon current therapies in a variety of ways. Enhancing specificity, such that growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects act preferentially on tumor cells, is one approach to advance treatments. This can be accomplished through the targeting of extracellular markers specific to cancer cells. Additionally, enlisting natural defenses and overcoming tumor-driven immune suppression could prove to be a useful tactic. Recent studies utilizing these approaches have yielded promising results and could contribute to an ongoing effort battling a particularly difficult cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Quinn
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Lee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy P Kegelman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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146
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Li X, Wang X, Xu C, Huang J, Wang C, Wang X, He L, Ling Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nitric oxide-releasing hybrids from gemcitabine and phenylsulfonyl furoxans as anti-tumor agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel furoxan/gemcitabine hybrids displayed significant antitumor activities, in particular 10e, which could be independent of the nucleoside transporter, release high levels of NO, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating apoptotic related proteins in tumor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Hefei
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
| | - Xuemin Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
| | - Chenjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- PR China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Hefei
- China
| | | | - Xinyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
| | - Liqin He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
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147
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Clouser CL, Bonnac L, Mansky LM, Patterson SE. Characterization of permeability, stability and anti-HIV-1 activity of decitabine and gemcitabine divalerate prodrugs. Antivir Chem Chemother 2014; 23:223-30. [PMID: 23994876 DOI: 10.3851/imp2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 25 drugs have been approved for the treatment of HIV-1 replication. All but one of these drugs is delivered as an oral medication. Previous studies have demonstrated that two drugs, decitabine and gemcitabine, have potent anti-HIV-1 activities and can work together in synergy to reduce HIV-1 infectivity via lethal mutagenesis. For their current indications, decitabine and gemcitabine are delivered intravenously. METHODS As an initial step towards the clinical translation of these drugs for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, we synthesized decitabine and gemcitabine prodrugs in order to increase drug permeability, which has generally been shown to correlate with increased bioavailability in vivo. In the present study we investigated the permeability, stability and anti-HIV-1 activity of decitabine and gemcitabine prodrugs and selected the divalerate esters of each as candidates for further investigation. RESULTS Our results provide the first demonstration of divalerate prodrugs of decitabine and gemcitabine that are readily permeable, stable and possess anti-HIV-1 activity. CONCLUSIONS These observations predict improved oral availability of decitabine and gemcitabine, and warrant further study of their ability to reduce HIV-1 infectivity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Clouser
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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148
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Tambutet G, Becerril-Jiménez F, Dostie S, Simard R, Prévost M, Mochirian P, Guindon Y. Dual-Face Nucleoside Scaffold Featuring a Stereogenic All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Intramolecular Silicon Tethered Group-Transfer Reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:5698-701. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502777r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tambutet
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fabiola Becerril-Jiménez
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Starr Dostie
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Ryan Simard
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Philippe Mochirian
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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149
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Lecona E, Fernández-Capetillo O. Replication stress and cancer: it takes two to tango. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:26-34. [PMID: 25257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Problems arising during DNA replication require the activation of the ATR-CHK1 pathway to ensure the stabilization and repair of the forks, and to prevent the entry into mitosis with unreplicated genomes. Whereas the pathway is essential at the cellular level, limiting its activity is particularly detrimental for some cancer cells. Here we review the links between replication stress (RS) and cancer, which provide a rationale for the use of ATR and Chk1 inhibitors in chemotherapy. First, we describe how the activation of oncogene-induced RS promotes genome rearrangements and chromosome instability, both of which could potentially fuel carcinogenesis. Next, we review the various pathways that contribute to the suppression of RS, and how mutations in these components lead to increased cancer incidence and/or accelerated ageing. Finally, we summarize the evidence showing that tumors with high levels of RS are dependent on a proficient RS-response, and therefore vulnerable to ATR or Chk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lecona
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernández-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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150
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Rutter AV, Siddique MR, Filik J, Sandt C, Dumas P, Cinque G, Sockalingum GD, Yang Y, Sulé-Suso J. Study of gemcitabine-sensitive/resistant cancer cells by cell cloning and synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy. Cytometry A 2014; 85:688-97. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V. Rutter
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; School of Medicine; Keele University; Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad R. Siddique
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; School of Medicine; Keele University; Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Filik
- Diamond Light Source; Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; L'Orme des Merisiers; Saint-Aubin - BP 48 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Paul Dumas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; L'Orme des Merisiers; Saint-Aubin - BP 48 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source; Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE United Kingdom
| | - Ganesh D. Sockalingum
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé; UFR de Pharmacie 51 rue Cognacq-Jay 51096 REIMS cedex France
- CNRS UMR7369; Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire; MEDyC Reims France
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; School of Medicine; Keele University; Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - Josep Sulé-Suso
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; School of Medicine; Keele University; Thornburrow Drive Hartshill Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
- Cancer Centre; University Hospital of North Staffordshire; Newcastle Rd Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG United Kingdom
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