101
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Development of an improved fractionation of the human plasma proteome by a combination of abundant proteins depletion and multi-lectin affinity chromatography. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2537-48. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current analytical tools lack the required capacity to reduce the complexity of the plasma proteome and identify low-level proteins of clinical interest. Hence, the need to develop a fractionation approach to provide adequate throughput for a clinical study and minimize the loss and improve the detection of low abundance proteins. Materials & methods: We present the development of an analytical platform that combines the depletion of 12 high abundance proteins and multi-lectin affinity chromatography (12P-M-LAC) fractionation. Results & conclusion: We validated the highly specific, stable and robust 12P-M-LAC platform using human plasma. An improved enrichment of low abundance proteins and glycoproteins with minimum sample loss was achieved demonstrating the suitability of this platform in future biomarker discovery studies.
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102
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Chung TW, Kim SJ, Choi HJ, Song KH, Jin UH, Yu DY, Seong JK, Kim JG, Kim KJ, Ko JH, Ha KT, Lee YC, Kim CH. Hepatitis B virus X protein specially regulates the sialyl lewis a synthesis among glycosylation events for metastasis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:222. [PMID: 25255877 PMCID: PMC4190352 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metastasis of hematogenous cancer cells is associated with abnormal glycosylation such as sialyl lewis antigens. Although the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays important role in liver disease, the precise function of HBx on aberrant glycosylation for metastasis remains unclear. Methods The human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, HBx transgenic mice and HBx-transfected cells were used to check the correlation of expressions between HBx and Sialyl lewis antigen for cancer metastasis. To investigate whether expression levels of glycosyltransferases induced in HBx-transfected cells are specifically associated with sialyl lewis A (SLA) synthesis, which enhances metastasis by interaction of liver cancer cells with endothelial cells, ShRNA and siRNAs targeting specific glycosyltransferases were used. Results HBx expression in liver cancer region of HCC is associated with the specific synthesis of SLA. Furthermore, the SLA was specifically induced both in liver tissues from HBx-transgenic mice and in in vitro HBx-transfected cells. HBx increased transcription levels and activities of α2-3 sialyltransferases (ST3Gal III), α1-3/4 fucosyltransferases III and VII (FUT III and VII) genes, which were specific for SLA synthesis, allowing dramatic cell-cell adhesion for metastatic potential. Interestingly, HBx specifically induced expression of N-acetylglucosamine-β1-3 galactosyltransferase V (β1-3GalT 5) gene associated with the initial synthesis of sialyl lewis A, but not β1-4GalT I. The β1-3GalT 5 shRNA suppressed SLA expression by HBx, blocking the adhesion of HBx-transfected cells to the endothelial cells. Moreover, β1-3GalT 5 silencing suppressed lung metastasis of HBx-transfected cells in in vivo lung metastasis system. Conclusion HBx targets the specific glycosyltransferases for the SLA synthesis and this process regulates hematogenous cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells for cancer metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-222) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, South Korea.
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103
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Liu T, Zhang S, Chen J, Jiang K, Zhang Q, Guo K, Liu Y. The transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107941. [PMID: 25232831 PMCID: PMC4169445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metastasis is one of the important reasons for the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), abnormal glycosylation plays a pivotal role in HCC metastasis. The goal of this study was to screen and validate the transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with HCC metastasis. METHODOLOGY The differentially transcribed glycogenes were screened out by the Human Glycosylation RT2 Profiler PCR Array, and were identified by qRT-PCR in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors. Further analyses were performed with K-mean clustering, Gene Ontology (GO) and ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA). Four differentially transcribed glycogenes were validated in clinical cancer specimens by qRT-PCR. RESULTS A total of thirty-three differentially transcribed glycogenes were obtained by comparison the transcription in the metastatic human HCC cell lines (MHCC97L, MHCC97H and HCCLM3) with the transcription in the non-metastatic HCC cell line Hep3B. Seven differentially transcribed glycogenes were selected to further identification in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors. According to their trends by K-mean clustering, all of the differentially transcribed glycogenes were classified in six clusters. GO analysis of the differentially transcribed glycogenes described them in biological process, subcellular location and molecular function. Furthermore, the partial regulatory network of the differentially transcribed glycogenes was acquired through the IPA. The transcription levels of galnt3, gcnt3, man1a1, mgat5b in non-metastatic and metastatic HCC clinical cancer specimens showed the same changing trends with the results in human HCC cell lines and their orthotopic xenograft tumors, and the divergent transcription levels of gcnt3 and mgat5b were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional profiling of glycogenes associated with HCC metastasis was obtained and validated in this study and it might provide novel drug targets and potential biological markers for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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104
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Gbormittah FO, Lee LY, Taylor K, Hancock WS, Iliopoulos O. Comparative studies of the proteome, glycoproteome, and N-glycome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma plasma before and after curative nephrectomy. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4889-900. [PMID: 25184692 PMCID: PMC4227548 DOI: 10.1021/pr500591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
is the most prevalent of all reported kidney cancer cases, and currently
there are no markers for early diagnosis. This has stimulated great
research interest recently because early detection of the disease
can significantly improve the low survival rate. Combining the proteome,
glycoproteome, and N-glycome data from clear cell renal cell carcinoma
plasma has the potential of identifying candidate markers for early
diagnosis and prognosis and/or to monitor disease recurrence. Here,
we report on the utilization of a multi-dimensional fractionation
approach (12P-M-LAC) and LC–MS/MS to comprehensively investigate
clear cell renal cell carcinoma plasma collected before (disease)
and after (non-disease) curative nephrectomy (n =
40). Proteins detected in the subproteomes were investigated via label-free
quantification. Protein abundance analysis revealed a number of low-level
proteins with significant differential expression levels in disease
samples, including HSPG2, CD146, ECM1, SELL, SYNE1, and VCAM1. Importantly,
we observed a strong correlation between differentially expressed
proteins and clinical status of the patient. Investigation of the
glycoproteome returned 13 candidate glycoproteins with significant
differential M-LAC column binding. Qualitative analysis indicated
that 62% of selected candidate glycoproteins showed higher levels
(upregulation) in M-LAC bound fraction of disease samples. This observation
was further confirmed by released N-glycans data in which 53% of identified
N-glycans were present at different levels in plasma in the disease
vs non-disease samples. This striking result demonstrates the potential
for significant protein glycosylation alterations in clear cell renal
cell carcinoma cancer plasma. With future validation in a larger cohort,
information derived from this study may lead to the development of
clear cell renal cell carcinoma candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca O Gbormittah
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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105
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Aiming at the sweet side of cancer: Aberrant glycosylation as possible target for personalized-medicine. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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106
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Trinchera M, Chiricolo M. Sialosignaling: Sialyltransferases as engines of self-fueling loops in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2752-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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107
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Phyllodes tumor of the breast: role of Axl and ST6GalNAcII in the development of mammary phyllodes tumors. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9603-12. [PMID: 24961352 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllodes tumor exhibits an aggressive growth. The expression of many biological markers has been explored to discriminate between different grades of phyllodes tumor and to predict their behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implications of Axl and ST6GalNAcII in phyllodes tumors. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical were used to analyze differential expression of ST6GalNAcII and Axl in phyllodes tumor (PT) cell lines and tissue specimens. RNAi assay, ECM invasion assay, and tumorigenicity assay were used to analyze the altered expression of ST6GalNAcII gene effects on the expression of Axl and invasive ability of phyllodes tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Compared to benign tumors, borderline and malignant ones showed a remarkable increase in mRNA levels of Axl and ST6GalNAcII gene, and it was higher in malignant tumor cells than in borderline tumor cells. When ST6GalNAcII was silenced, compared to the control, the expression level of Axl was significantly reduced in malignant tumor cell transfectants and knockdown of ST6GalNAcII gene significantly inhibited invasive activity in malignant tumor cells. The high expression of ST6GalNAcII and Axl was significantly correlated with tumor grade and distance metastasis by immunohistochemical analysis. Axl and ST6GalNAcII expression increases with increasing tumor grade in mammary phyllodes tumors. ST6GalNAc II might be participated in the glycosylation of Axl, and this Axl glycosylation may mediate the tumorigenicity, invasion, and distant metastasis of PT cells.
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108
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Groux-Degroote S, Wavelet C, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Portier L, Mortuaire M, Mihalache A, Trinchera M, Delannoy P, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F, Harduin-Lepers A. B4GALNT2 gene expression controls the biosynthesis of Sda and sialyl Lewis X antigens in healthy and cancer human gastrointestinal tract. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:442-9. [PMID: 24953560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The histo blood group carbohydrate Sd(a) antigen and its cognate biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 show the highest level of expression in normal colon. Their dramatic down regulation previously observed in colon cancer tissues could play a role in the concomitant elevation of the selectin ligand sLe(x), involved in metastasis. However, down regulation of sLe(x) expression by B4GALNT2 has been so far demonstrated in vitro, but not in tissues. The human B4GALNT2 gene specifies at least two transcripts, diverging in the first exon, never studied in normal and cancer tissues. The long form contains a 253 nt exon 1L; the short form contains a 38 nt exon 1S. Using qPCR, we showed that cell lines and normal or cancerous colon, expressed almost exclusively the short form, while the long form was mainly expressed by the embryonic colon fibroblast cell line CCD112CoN. Immunochemistry approaches using colon cancer cells permanently expressing either B4GALNT2 cDNAs as controls, led to the observation of several protein isoforms in human normal and cancerous colon, and cell lines. We showed that tissues expressing B4GALNT2 protein isoforms were able to induce Sd(a) and to inhibit sLe(x) expression; both of which are expressed mainly on PNGase F-insensitive carbohydrate chains. Concomitant expression of B4GALNT2 and siRNA-mediated inhibition of FUT6, the major fucosyltransferase involved in sLe(x) synthesis in colon, resulted in a cumulative inhibition of sLe(x). In normal colon samples a significant relationship between sLe(x) expression and the ratio between FUT6/B4GALNT2 activities exists, demonstrating for the first time a role for B4GALNT2 in sLe(x) inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cindy Wavelet
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie-Ange Krzewinski-Recchi
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Lucie Portier
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adriana Mihalache
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine Clinical and Experimental (DMCS), University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiricolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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109
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Peters JA. Interactions between boric acid derivatives and saccharides in aqueous media: Structures and stabilities of resulting esters. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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110
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Reiding KR, Blank D, Kuijper DM, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. High-throughput profiling of protein N-glycosylation by MALDI-TOF-MS employing linkage-specific sialic acid esterification. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5784-93. [PMID: 24831253 DOI: 10.1021/ac500335t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification associated, among others, with diseases and the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-fight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) can be performed to study glycosylation in a high-throughput manner, but is hampered by the instability and ionization bias experienced by sialylated glycan species. Stabilization and neutralization of these sialic acids can be achieved by permethylation or by specific carboxyl group derivatization with the possibility of discrimination between α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids. However, these methods typically require relatively pure glycan samples, show sensitivity to side reactions, and need harsh conditions or long reaction times. We established a rapid, robust and linkage-specific high-throughput method for sialic acid stabilization and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, to allow direct modification of impure glycan-containing mixtures such as PNGase F-released human plasma N-glycome. Using a combination of carboxylic acid activators in ethanol achieved near-complete ethyl esterification of α2,6-linked sialic acids and lactonization of α2,3-linked variants, in short time using mild conditions. Glycans were recovered by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography solid phase extraction and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS in reflectron positive mode with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix substance. Analysis of the human plasma N-glycome allowed high-throughput detection and relative quantitation of more than 100 distinct N-glycan compositions with varying sialic acid linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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111
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Shinar H, Battistel MD, Mandler M, Lichaa F, Freedberg DI, Navon G. Sialo-CEST: chemical exchange saturation transfer NMR of oligo- and poly-sialic acids and the assignment of their hydroxyl groups using selective- and HSQC-TOCSY. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Ren D, Jia L, Li Y, Gong Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Wang N, Zhao Y. ST6GalNAcII mediates the invasive properties of breast carcinoma through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:300-8. [PMID: 24756995 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Ren
- Department of General Surgery; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of General Surgery; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Yanxin Gong
- Department of General Surgery; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Laboratory Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Liaoning Province China
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113
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Preidl JJ, Gnanapragassam VS, Lisurek M, Saupe J, Horstkorte R, Rademann J. Fluoreszente Mimetika von CMP-Neu5Ac sind hochaffine, zellgängige Polarisationssonden eukaryotischer und bakterieller Sialyltransferasen und inhibieren die zelluläre Sialylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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114
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Preidl JJ, Gnanapragassam VS, Lisurek M, Saupe J, Horstkorte R, Rademann J. Fluorescent mimetics of CMP-Neu5Ac are highly potent, cell-permeable polarization probes of eukaryotic and bacterial sialyltransferases and inhibit cellular sialylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5700-5. [PMID: 24737687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides of the glycolipids and glycoproteins at the outer membranes of human cells carry terminal neuraminic acids, which are responsible for recognition events and adhesion of cells, bacteria, and virus particles. The synthesis of neuraminic acid containing glycosides is accomplished by intracellular sialyl transferases. Therefore, the chemical manipulation of cellular sialylation could be very important to interfere with cancer development, inflammations, and infections. The development and applications of the first nanomolar fluorescent inhibitors of sialyl transferases are described herein. The obtained carbohydrate-nucleotide mimetics were found to bind all four commercially available and tested eukaryotic and bacterial sialyl transferases in a fluorescence polarization assay. Moreover, it was observed that the anionic mimetics intruded rapidly and efficiently into cells in vesicles and translocated to cellular organelles surrounding the nucleus of CHO cells. The new compounds inhibit cellular sialylation in two cell lines and open new perspectives for investigations of cellular sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Preidl
- Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/ag-rademann; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin (Germany)
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115
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Murugaesu N, Iravani M, van Weverwijk A, Ivetic A, Johnson DA, Antonopoulos A, Fearns A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Sims D, Fenwick K, Mitsopoulos C, Gao Q, Orr N, Zvelebil M, Haslam SM, Dell A, Yarwood H, Lord CJ, Ashworth A, Isacke CM. An in vivo functional screen identifies ST6GalNAc2 sialyltransferase as a breast cancer metastasis suppressor. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:304-17. [PMID: 24520024 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To interrogate the complex mechanisms involved in the later stages of cancer metastasis, we designed a functional in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) screen combined with next-generation sequencing. Using this approach, we identified the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor. Mechanistically, ST6GalNAc2 silencing alters the profile of O-glycans on the tumor cell surface, facilitating binding of the soluble lectin galectin-3. This then enhances tumor cell retention and emboli formation at metastatic sites leading to increased metastatic burden, events that can be completely blocked by galectin-3 inhibition. Critically, elevated ST6GALNAC2, but not galectin-3, expression in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers significantly correlates with reduced frequency of metastatic events and improved survival. These data demonstrate that the prometastatic role of galectin-3 is regulated by its ability to bind to the tumor cell surface and highlight the potential of monitoring ST6GalNAc2 expression to stratify patients with breast cancer for treatment with galectin-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa Murugaesu
- 1The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research; 2Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, James Black Centre; and 3Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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116
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Qian Y, Wu X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhao R, Zhou L, Ruan Y, Xu J, Liu H, Ren S, Xu C, Gu J. Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87978. [PMID: 24516574 PMCID: PMC3916363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. Intriguingly, among total 17 N-glycans identified, the N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc were all significantly decreased in SKOV3-ip in comparison to SKOV3. This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (CX)
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (CX)
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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117
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Cell surface sialic acid modulates extracellular matrix adhesion and migration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Pancreas 2014; 43:109-17. [PMID: 23921962 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31829d9090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor cells modulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and migration to become more metastatic. Moreover, they show an increase in sialic acid, which could have an effect on their ECM adhesion and migration. This work describes the influence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell surface α2,3- and α2,6-sialic acid determinants on the aforementioned processes. METHODS We have characterized the cell surface α2,3- and α2,6-sialic acids, and sialyl-Lewis x levels and the integrin levels of 2 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, Capan-1 and MDAPanc-28, grown at different cell densities, and also of the ST3Gal III overexpressing Capan-1 cells, C31. We have measured their adhesion to several ECM proteins and their migration through collagen with and without blocking their sialic acid determinants. RESULTS Adhesion to ECM proteins of Capan-1 and MDAPanc-28 grown at different cell densities, and of C31, depended on their cell surface sialic acid determinants repertoire, correlating the higher α2,6-sialic acid levels with their increased ECM adhesion. Cell migration also depended on their sialic acid determinants expression; and in this case, higher α2,3-sialic acid levels correlated with a more migratory phenotype. CONCLUSION This study shows how the intrinsic heterogeneity of cell membrane sialylation regulates the adhesive and migratory potential of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.
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118
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Ma H, Dong W, Zhou H, Song X, Zhang J, Jia L. Modification of sialylation mediates the invasive properties and chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 13:520-36. [PMID: 24255131 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.034025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. This study investigated sialylation with regard to the modification of invasive properties and chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the association between the sialyltransferase gene family and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we found that the composition profiling of sialylated N-glycans differed between MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells with different metastatic potential. The expressional profiles of 20 sialyltransferase genes showed differential expression in two cell lines, transitional and tumor tissues, from the same patients. Two genes, ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2, were detected as overexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells. The altered expression levels of ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2 corresponded to a changed invasive phenotype and chemosensitivity of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further data indicated that manipulation of the expression of the two genes led to altered activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway by its specific inhibitor wortmannin or by Akt RNA interference resulted in a reduced capacity for invasion and chemoresistance of MHCC97H cells. Our results imply that sialylation may function as an internal factor, regulating the invasion and chemosensitivity of HCC, probably through ST6GAL1 or ST8SIA2 regulation of the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Zhao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
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119
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Park JJ, Lee M. Increasing the α 2, 6 sialylation of glycoproteins may contribute to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer. Gut Liver 2013; 7:629-41. [PMID: 24312702 PMCID: PMC3848550 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.6.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation due to dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases is a key phenomenon of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, increased ST6 Gal I (β-galactoside α 2, 6 sialyltransferase) and subsequently elevated levels of cell-surface α 2, 6-linked sialic acids have been associated with metastasis and therapeutic failure in CRC. As many CRC patients experience metastasis to the liver or lung and fail to respond to curative therapies, intensive research efforts have sought to identify the molecular changes underlying CRC metastasis. ST6 Gal I has been shown to facilitate CRC metastasis, and we believe that additional investigations into the involvement of ST6 Gal I in CRC could facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes how ST6 Gal I has been implicated in the altered expression of sialylated glycoproteins, which have been linked to CRC metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea University College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
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120
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Tousi F, Bones J, Hancock WS, Hincapie M. Differential Chemical Derivatization Integrated with Chromatographic Separation for Analysis of Isomeric Sialylated N-Glycans: A Nano-Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-MS Platform. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8421-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4018007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tousi
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - William S. Hancock
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Marina Hincapie
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
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121
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Kuhn B, Benz J, Greif M, Engel AM, Sobek H, Rudolph MG. The structure of human α-2,6-sialyltransferase reveals the binding mode of complex glycans. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1826-38. [PMID: 23999306 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913015412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal-I) establishes the final glycosylation pattern of many glycoproteins by transferring a sialyl moiety to a terminal galactose. Complete sialylation of therapeutic immunoglobulins is essential for their anti-inflammatory activity and protein stability, but is difficult to achieve in vitro owing to the limited activity of ST6Gal-I towards some galactose acceptors. No structural information on ST6Gal-I that could help to improve the enzymatic properties of ST6Gal-I for biotechnological purposes is currently available. Here, the crystal structures of human ST6Gal-I in complex with the product cytidine 5'-monophosphate and in complex with cytidine and phosphate are described. These complexes allow the rationalization of the inhibitory activity of cytosine-based nucleotides. ST6Gal-I adopts a variant of the canonical glycosyltransferase A fold and differs from related sialyltransferases by several large insertions and deletions that determine its regiospecificity and substrate specificity. A large glycan from a symmetry mate localizes to the active site of ST6Gal-I in an orientation compatible with catalysis. The glycan binding mode can be generalized to any glycoprotein that is a substrate of ST6Gal-I. Comparison with a bacterial sialyltransferase in complex with a modified sialyl donor lends insight into the Michaelis complex. The results support an SN2 mechanism with inversion of configuration at the sialyl residue and suggest substrate-assisted catalysis with a charge-relay mechanism that bears a conceptual similarity to serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kuhn
- pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacher Strasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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122
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Parviainen VI, Joenväärä S, Tohmola N, Renkonen R. Label-free mass spectrometry proteome quantification of human embryonic kidney cells following 24 hours of sialic acid overproduction. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:38. [PMID: 23915316 PMCID: PMC3750590 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell surface glycoprotein sialylation is one of the most ubiquitous glycan modifications found on higher eukaryotes. The surface sialylation pattern of cells is influenced by the cellular environment but also by the Golgi sialyltransferase activity and flux of metabolites through sialic acid producing pathways. Altered cell surface sialic acid patterns have been observed in several cancers and other pathological conditions. In this experiment we examined the cellular proteomic changes that occur in human embryonic kidney cells after 24 hours of sialic acid overproduction using N-Acetylmannosamine. We utilized high resolution mass spectrometry and label free protein quantification to characterize the relative changes in protein abundance as well as multiple reaction monitoring to quantify the cellular sialic acid levels. Results Using N-Acetylmannosamine we were able to induce sialic acid production to almost 70-fold compared to non-induced control cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of cellular proteome of control and induced cells identified 1802 proteins of which 105 displayed significant changes in abundance. Functional analysis of the resulting relative changes in protein abundance revealed regulation of several cellular pathways including protein transport, metabolic and signaling pathways and remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions. We also identified several physically interacting co-regulated proteins in the set of changed proteins. Conclusions In this experiment we show that increased metabolic flux through sialic acid producing pathway affects the abundance of several protein transport, epithelial adherens junction, signaling and metabolic pathway related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville I Parviainen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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123
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Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit striking changes in cell surface glycosylation as a consequence of dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. In particular, an increase in the expression of certain sialylated glycans is a prominent feature of many transformed cells. Altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors including invasion and enhanced cell survival; however, there is limited information regarding the molecular details of how distinct sialylated structures or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to control responses such as adhesion/migration or resistance to specific apoptotic pathways. The goal of this review is to highlight selected examples of sialylated glycans for which there is some knowledge of molecular mechanisms linking aberrant sialylation to critical processes involved in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schultz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 982A 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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124
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Lichtenstein RG, Rabinovich GA. Glycobiology of cell death: when glycans and lectins govern cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:976-86. [PMID: 23703323 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Lichtenstein
- Avram and Stella Goren-Goldstein, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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125
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Shah P, Yang S, Sun S, Aiyetan P, Yarema KJ, Zhang H. Mass spectrometric analysis of sialylated glycans with use of solid-phase labeling of sialic acids. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3606-13. [PMID: 23445396 PMCID: PMC3681956 DOI: 10.1021/ac3033867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of sialylated glycans is critical for understanding the role of sialic acid in normal biological processes as well as in disease. However, the labile nature of sialic acid typically renders routine analysis of this monosaccharide by mass spectrometric methods difficult. To overcome this difficulty we pursued derivatization methodologies, extending established acetohydrazide approaches to aniline-based methods, and finally to optimized p-toluidine derivatization. This new quantitative glycoform profiling method with use of MALDI-TOF in positive ion mode was validated by first comparing N-glycans isolated from fetuin and serum and was then exploited to analyze the effects of increased metabolic flux through the sialic acid pathway in SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells by using a colabeling strategy with light and heavy toluidine. The latter results established that metabolic flux, in a complementary manner to the more well-known impact of sialyltransferase expression, can critically modulate the sialylation of specific glycans while leaving others virtually unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Shisheng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Paul Aiyetan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
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126
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Ferreira SA, Vasconcelos JLA, Silva RCWC, Cavalcanti CLB, Bezerra CL, Rêgo MJBM, Beltrão EIC. Expression patterns of α2,3-sialyltransferase I and α2,6-sialyltransferase I in human cutaneous epithelial lesions. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e7. [PMID: 23549466 PMCID: PMC3683614 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tumors have become one of the most common cancers in the world and their carcinogenesis is frequently associated with altered glycosylation patterns. The aberrant sialylation, a type of glycosylation, can mediate pathophysiological key events during various stages of tumor progression, including invasion and metastasis. Sialyltransferases play a key role in a variety of biological processes, including cell-cell communication, cell-matrix interaction, adhesion, and protein targeting. In this study, it was evaluated the expression of ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I in cutaneous epithelial lesions that include actinic keratosis (n=15), keratoacanthoma (n=9), squamous cell carcinoma (n=22) and basal cell carcinoma (n=28) in order to evaluate if sialyltransferases expression is different in premalignant and in malignant tumors. The expression of ST3Gal I was observed in actinic keratosis (53%), keratoacanthoma (78%), squamous cell carcinoma (73%) and basal cell carcinoma (32%) with statistic differences between basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma (P=0.0239) and basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.0096); for ST6Gal I, cytoplasmic expression was noted in actinic keratosis (40%), heterogeneous and cytoplasmic expression was noted in keratoacanthoma (67%), squamous cell carcinoma (41%) and basal cell carcinoma (7%) with statistic differences between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.0061) and basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma (P=0.0008). In summary, our results showed that the high expression of ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I, in skin tumors, is associated with tumors with greater potential for invasion and metastasis, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma, and this may be related to their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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127
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Swindall AF, Londoño-Joshi AI, Schultz MJ, Fineberg N, Buchsbaum DJ, Bellis SL. ST6Gal-I protein expression is upregulated in human epithelial tumors and correlates with stem cell markers in normal tissues and colon cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2368-78. [PMID: 23358684 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase adds an α2-6-linked sialic acid to the N-glycans of certain receptors. ST6Gal-I mRNA has been reported to be upregulated in human cancer, but a prior lack of antibodies has limited immunochemical analysis of the ST6Gal-I protein. Here, we show upregulated ST6Gal-I protein in several epithelial cancers, including many colon carcinomas. In normal colon, ST6Gal-I localized selectively to the base of crypts, where stem/progenitor cells are found, and the tissue staining patterns were similar to the established stem cell marker ALDH1. Similarly, ST6Gal-I expression was restricted to basal epidermal layers in skin, another stem/progenitor cell compartment. ST6Gal-I was highly expressed in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, with no detectable expression in the fibroblasts from which iPS cells were derived. On the basis of these observations, we investigated further an association of ST6Gal-I with cancer stem cells (CSC). Selection of irinotecan resistance in colon carcinoma cells led to a greater proportion of CSCs compared with parental cells, as measured by the CSC markers CD133 and ALDH1 activity (Aldefluor). These chemoresistant cells exhibited a corresponding upregulation of ST6Gal-I expression. Conversely, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated attenuation of ST6Gal-I in colon carcinoma cells with elevated endogenous expression decreased the number of CD133/ALDH1-positive cells present in the cell population. Collectively, our results suggest that ST6Gal-I promotes tumorigenesis and may serve as a regulator of the stem cell phenotype in both normal and cancer cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Swindall
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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128
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Mestecky J, Raska M, Julian BA, Gharavi AG, Renfrow MB, Moldoveanu Z, Novak L, Matousovic K, Novak J. IgA nephropathy: molecular mechanisms of the disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2012; 8:217-40. [PMID: 23092188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of molecular and cellular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy have revealed the autoimmune nature of this most common primary glomerulonephritis. In patients with this disease, altered glycan structures in the unique hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules lead to the exposure of antigenic determinants, which are recognized by naturally occurring antiglycan antibodies of the IgG and/or IgA1 isotype. As a result, nephritogenic immune complexes form in the circulation and deposit in the glomerular mesangium. Deposited immune complexes induce proliferation of resident mesangial cells, increased production of extracellular matrix proteins and cytokines, and ultimately loss of glomerular function. Structural elucidation of the nature of these immune complexes and their biological activity should provide a rational basis for an effective, immunologically mediated inhibition of the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes that could be used as a disease-specific therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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129
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Valbuena G, Alonso E, de Ubago MM, Madrid JF, Díaz-Flores L, Sáez FJ. Histochemical identification of sialylated glycans in Xenopus laevis testis. J Anat 2012; 221:318-30. [PMID: 22881213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate chains of glycoprotein and glycosphingolipids are highly diverse molecules involved in many cell functions, including cell recognition, adhesion and signalling. Sialylated glycans are of special interest because the terminal position of sialic acid (NeuAc) in glycans linked by different ways to subterminal monosaccharides has been shown to be involved in several biological processes, as occurs with gangliosides, which have been reported as being essential in spermatogenesis in mammals. Some glycan-binding proteins, the lectins, which specifically recognize glycan sequences, have been extensively used to characterize tissue and cell carbohydrates by means of cytochemical techniques. The aim of the present work was to determine the presence of NeuAc by means of histochemical techniques in the testis of Xenopus laevis, an animal model widely used in cell and molecular biology research. However, considering that some NeuAc-binding lectins are capable of binding to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), other GlcNAc-binding lectins were also assayed. The results showed that NeuAc is mainly expressed in the interstitium, and only a weak labelling in the male germ cells was observed. Most NeuAc was located in O-linked oligosaccharides, but some masked NeuAc in N-glycans were identified in primary and secondary spermatogonia and spermatocytes. By contrast, GlcNAc was widely expressed in all germ cell types. Deglycosylative pre-treatments suggest that both N- and O-glycans and/or glycolipids could be responsible for this labelling. In addition, GlcNAc in O-linked oligosaccharides has been identified in spermatogonial cells. The acrosome of spermatids was always negative. Variations of glycan expression have been found in different cell types, suggesting that glycosylation is modified during spermatogenetic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galder Valbuena
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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130
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Stuchlová Horynová M, Raška M, Clausen H, Novak J. Aberrant O-glycosylation and anti-glycan antibodies in an autoimmune disease IgA nephropathy and breast adenocarcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:829-39. [PMID: 22864623 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation abnormalities have been observed in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, we compare mechanisms of aberrant O-glycosylation, i.e., formation of Tn and sialyl-Tn structures, on MUC1 in breast cancer, and on IgA1 in an autoimmune disease, IgA nephropathy. The pathways of aberrant O-glycosylation, although different for MUC1 and IgA1, include dysregulation in glycosyltransferase expression, stability, and/or intracellular localization. Moreover, these aberrant glycoproteins are recognized by antibodies, although with different consequences. In breast cancer, elevated levels of antibodies recognizing aberrant MUC1 are associated with better outcome, whereas in IgA nephropathy, the antibodies recognizing aberrant IgA1 are part of the pathogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Stuchlová Horynová
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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131
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Shetty V, Hafner J, Shah P, Nickens Z, Philip R. Investigation of ovarian cancer associated sialylation changes in N-linked glycopeptides by quantitative proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2012; 9:10. [PMID: 22856521 PMCID: PMC3488482 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In approximately 80% of patients, ovarian cancer is diagnosed when the patient is already in the advanced stages of the disease. CA125 is currently used as the marker for ovarian cancer; however, it lacks specificity and sensitivity for detecting early stage disease. There is a critical unmet need for sensitive and specific routine screening tests for early diagnosis that can reduce ovarian cancer lethality by reliably detecting the disease at its earliest and treatable stages. Results In this study, we investigated the N-linked sialylated glycopeptides in serum samples from healthy and ovarian cancer patients using Lectin-directed Tandem Labeling (LTL) and iTRAQ quantitative proteomics methods. We identified 45 N-linked sialylated glycopeptides containing 46 glycosylation sites. Among those, ten sialylated glycopeptides were significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer patients’ serum samples. LC-MS/MS analysis of the non-glycosylated peptides from the same samples, western blot data using lectin enriched glycoproteins of various ovarian cancer type samples, and PNGase F (+/−) treatment confirmed the sialylation changes in the ovarian cancer samples. Conclusion Herein, we demonstrated that several proteins are aberrantly sialylated in N-linked glycopeptides in ovarian cancer and detection of glycopeptides with abnormal sialylation changes may have the potential to serve as biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
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132
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Kang JG, Ko JH, Kim YS. Pros and cons of using aberrant glycosylation as companion biomarkers for therapeutics in cancer. BMB Rep 2012; 44:765-71. [PMID: 22189678 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.12.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been stratified by companion biomarker tests that serve to provide information on the genetic status of cancer patients and to identify patients who can be expected to respond to a given treatment. This stratification guarantees better efficiency and safety during treatment. Cancer patients, however, marginally benefit from the current companion biomarker-aided treatment regimens, presumably because companion biomarker tests are dependent solely on the mutation status of several genes status quo. In the true sense of the term, "personalized medicine", cancer patients are deemed to be identified individually by their molecular signatures, which are not necessarily confined to genetic mutations. Glycosylation is tremendously dynamic and shows alterations in cancer. Evidence is accumulating that aberrant glycosylation contributes to the development and progression of cancer, holding the promise for use of glycosylation status as a companion biomarker in cancer treatment. There are, however, several challenges derived from the lack of a reliable detection system for aberrant glycosylation, and a limited library of aberrant glycosylation. The challenges should be addressed if glycosylation status is to be used as a companion biomarker in cancer treatment and contribute to the fulfillment of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Gu Kang
- Division of KRIBB Strategy Projects, KRIBB, Deajeon 305-806, Korea
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133
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Gieseke F, Mang P, Viebahn S, Sonntag I, Kruchen A, Erbacher A, Pfeiffer M, Handgretinger R, Müller I. Siglec-7 tetramers characterize B-cell subpopulations and leukemic blasts. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2176-86. [PMID: 22585296 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface glycosylation has important regulatory functions in the maturation, activation, and homeostasis of lymphocytes. The family of human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) comprises inhibitory as well as activating receptors intimately involved in the regulation of immune responses. Analyses of the interaction between siglecs and glycans are hampered by the low affinity of this interaction. Therefore, we expressed siglec-7 in eukaryotic cells, allowing for glycosylation, and oligomerized the protein in analogy to MHC tetramers. Using this tool, flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes became possible. Sialic acid-dependent binding of siglec-7 tetramers was confirmed by glycan array analysis and loss of siglec tetramer binding after neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes. In contrast to most lymphocyte subpopulations, which showed high siglec-7 ligand expression, B-cell subpopulations could be further subdivided according to different siglec-7 ligand expression levels. We also analyzed blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukemias of the B-cell lineage as well as the T-cell lineage, since malignant transformation is often associated with aberrant cell surface glycosylation. While pediatric T-ALL blasts highly expressed siglec-7 ligands, siglec-7 ligands were barely detectable on cALL blasts. Taken together, oligomerization of recombinant soluble siglec-7 enabled flow cytometric identification of physiologic lymphocyte subpopulations and malignant blasts.
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134
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Boonarkart C, Champunot R, Uiprasertkul M, Bunthi C, Kiatboobsri S, Rochanawutanon M, Porncharoenpong S, Suptawiwat O, Auewarakul P. Case report: Increased viral receptor expression associated with high viral load and severe pneumonia in a young patient infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza a with no pre-existing conditions. J Med Virol 2012; 84:380-5. [PMID: 22246822 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A case of unusually high severity of influenza pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death was investigated. This was a previously a healthy 28-year-old man with no underlying conditions, admitted to a hospital during the first wave of influenza pandemic in Thailand in July 2009. He had experienced high fever and influenza-like illness for 5 days before coming to the hospital. He developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and expired on day 7 after admission. In comparison to three other cases of influenza pneumonia in the same outbreak with known risk factors for severe influenza, such as pregnancy and diabetes mellitus, a much higher viral load was detected in the lungs of this patient despite antiviral treatment. In agreement with the high viral load, the lung specimens from this patient, but not the other three patients, showed a high expression of α-2,6-linked sialic acid by lectin staining. The gene responsible for the synthesis of this sialic acid was also found to be upregulated. The data indicated overexpression of the viral receptor as a potential mechanism for severe disease in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunuch Boonarkart
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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135
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Gomes J, Magalhães A, Carvalho AS, Hernandez GE, Papp SL, Head SR, Michel V, David L, Gärtner F, Touati E, Reis CA. Glycophenotypic alterations induced by Pteridium aquilinum in mice gastric mucosa: synergistic effect with Helicobacter pylori infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38353. [PMID: 22719879 PMCID: PMC3374793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum is a plant known to be carcinogenic to animals. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between bracken fern exposure and gastric cancer development in humans. The biological effects of exposure to this plant within the gastric carcinogenesis process are not fully understood. In the present work, effects in the gastric mucosa of mice treated with Pteridium aquilinum were evaluated, as well as molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic role with Helicobacter pylori infection. Our results showed that exposure to Pteridium aquilinum induces histomorphological modifications including increased expression of acidic glycoconjugates in the gastric mucosa. The transcriptome analysis of gastric mucosa showed that upon exposure to Pteridium aquilinum several glycosyltransferase genes were differently expressed, including Galntl4, C1galt1 and St3gal2, that are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens. Concomitant treatment with Pteridium aquilinum and infection with Helicobacter pylori also resulted in differently expressed glycosyltransferase genes underlying the biosynthesis of terminal sialylated Lewis antigens, including Sialyl-Lewisx. These results disclose the molecular basis for the altered pattern of glycan structures observed in the mice gastric mucosa. The gene transcription alterations and the induced glycophenotypic changes observed in the gastric mucosa contribute for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Pteridium aquilinum in the gastric carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Carvalho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Suzanne L. Papp
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Head
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Leonor David
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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136
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Harder JL, Whiteman EL, Pieczynski JN, Liu CJ, Margolis B. Snail destabilizes cell surface Crumbs3a. Traffic 2012; 13:1170-85. [PMID: 22554228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells modulate expression of proteins resulting in loss of apical-basal polarity. Effectors of this EMT switch target the polarity protein Crumbs3a, a small transmembrane protein that is essential for generation of the apical membrane and tight junctions of mammalian epithelial cells. We previously showed that the Crumbs3 gene is a direct target of transcriptional regulation by Snail, a potent inducer of EMT. However, Snail has also been shown to have multiple non-transcriptional roles, including regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation and survival. Using SNAP-tag labeling, we determined that cell surface Crumbs3a has a half-life of approximately 3 h and that this cell surface half-life is significantly reduced when EMT is induced by Snail. We further observe that Snail induces differential glycosylation of Crumbs3a, including sialylation, suggesting a mechanism by which Crumbs3a may be destabilized. These results indicate that Crumbs3a is a post-translational target of Snail, in addition to being a transcriptional target. We conclude that Snail's ability to post-translationally modify and destabilize Crumbs3a augments the depolarizing process of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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137
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Chen L, Liang JF. Metabolic monosaccharides altered cell responses to anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:339-45. [PMID: 22487054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering has been used to manipulate the glycochemistry of cell surfaces and thus the cell/cell interaction, cell adhesion, and cell migration. However, potential application of glycoengineering in pharmaceutical sciences has not been studied until recently. Here, we reported that Ac(4)ManNAc, an analog of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), could affect cell responses to anticancer drugs. Although cells from different tissues and organs responded to Ac(4)ManNAc treatment differently, treated cells with increased sialic acid contents showed dramatically reduced sensitivity (up to 130 times) to anti-cancer drugs as tested on various drugs with distinct chemical structures and acting mechanisms. Neither increased P-glycoprotein activity nor decreased drug uptake was observed during the course of Ac(4)ManNAc treatment. However, greatly altered intracellular drug distributions were observed. Most intracellular daunorubicin was found in the perinuclear region, but not the expected nuclei in the Ac(4)ManNAc treated cells. Since sialoglycoproteins and gangliosides were synthesized in the Golgi, intracellular glycans affected intracellular signal transduction and drug distributions seem to be the main reason for Ac(4)ManNAc affected cell sensitivity to anticancer drugs. It was interesting to find that although Ac(4)ManNAc treated breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) maintained the same sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil, the IC(50) value of 5-Fluorouracil to the same Ac(4)ManNAc treated normal cells (MCF-10A) was increased by more than 20 times. Thus, this Ac(4)ManNAc treatment enlarged drug response difference between normal and tumor cells provides a unique opportunity to further improve the selectivity and therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
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138
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Androgen-regulated transcriptional control of sialyltransferases in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31234. [PMID: 22347453 PMCID: PMC3275626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of gangliosides is often associated with cancer progression. Sialyltransferases have received much attention in terms of their relationship with cancer because they modulate the expression of gangliosides. We previously demonstrated that GD1a production was high in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, mainly due to their high expression of β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal) II (not ST3Gal I), and the expression of both ST3Gals was regulated by NF-κB, mainly by RelB. We herein demonstrate that GD1a was produced in abundance in cancerous tissue samples from human patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancers as well as castration-resistant prostate cancers. The expression of ST3Gal II was constitutively activated in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, because of the hypomethylation of CpG island in its promoter. However, in androgen-depleted LNCap cells, a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line, the expression of ST3Gal II was silenced because of the hypermethylation of the promoter region. The expression of ST3Gal II in LNCap cells increased with testosterone treatment because of the demethylation of the CpG sites. This testosterone-dependent ST3Gal II expression was suppressed by RelB siRNA, indicating that RelB activated ST3Gal II transcription in the testosterone-induced demethylated promoter. Therefore, in hormone-sensitive prostate cancers, the production of GD1a may be regulated by androgen. This is the first report indicating that the expression of a sialyltransferase is transcriptionally regulated by androgen-dependent demethylation of the CpG sites in its gene promoter.
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139
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Huang S, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Saadatzadeh MR, Safa AR. Human GM3 Synthase Attenuates Taxol-Triggered Apoptosis Associated with Downregulation of Caspase-3 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:504-510. [PMID: 25893133 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.35065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxol (paclitaxel) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, but it also upregulates cytoprotective proteins and/or pathways that compromise its therapeutic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHOD The roles of GM3 synthase (α2,3-sialyltransferase, ST3Gal V) in attenuating Taxol-induced apoptosis and triggering drug resistance were determined by cloning and overexpressing this enzyme in the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line, treating SKOV3 and the transfectants (SKOV3/GS) with Taxol and determining apoptosis, cell survival, clonogenic ability, and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS In this report, we demonstrated that Taxol treatment resulted in apoptosis which was associated with caspase-3 activation. Taxol treatment upregulated the expression of human GM3 synthase, an enzyme that transfers a sialic acid to lactosylceramide. Moreover, we cloned the full-length GM3 synthase gene and showed for the first time that forced expression of GM3 synthase attenuated Taxol-induced apoptosis and increased resistance to Taxol in SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSIONS GM3 synthase overexpression inhibited Taxol-triggered caspase-3 activation, revealing that upregulation of GM3 synthase prevents apoptosis and hence reduces the efficacy of Taxol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA
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140
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Takahashi K, Smith AD, Poulsen K, Kilian M, Julian BA, Mestecky J, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Naturally occurring structural isomers in serum IgA1 o-glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:692-702. [PMID: 22067045 DOI: 10.1021/pr200608q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IgA is the most abundantly produced antibody and plays an important role in the mucosal immune system. Human IgA is represented by two isotypes, IgA1 and IgA2. The major structural difference between these two subclasses is the presence of nine potential sites of O-glycosylation in the hinge region between the first and second constant region domains of the heavy chain. Thr(225), Thr(228), Ser(230), Ser(232) and Thr(236) have been identified as the predominant sites of O-glycan attachment. The range and distribution of O-glycan chains at each site within the context of adjacent sites in this clustered region create a complex heterogeneity of surface epitopes that is incompletely defined. We previously described the analysis of IgA1 O-glycan heterogeneity by use of high resolution LC-MS and electron capture dissociation tandem MS to unambiguously localize all amino acid attachment sites in IgA1 (Ale) myeloma protein. Here, we report the identification and elucidation of IgA1 O-glycopeptide structural isomers that occur based on amino acid position of the attached glycans (positional isomers) and the structure of the O-glycan chains at individual sites (glycan isomers). These isomers are present in a model IgA1 (Mce1) myeloma protein and occur naturally in normal human serum IgA1. Variable O-glycan chains attached to Ser(230), Thr(233) or Thr(236) produce the predominant positional isomers, including O-glycans composed of a single GalNAc residue. These findings represent the first definitive identification of structural isomeric IgA1 O-glycoforms, define the single-site heterogeneity for all O-glycan sites in a single sample, and have implications for defining epitopes based on clustered O-glycan variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takahashi
- UAB Biomedical FT-ICR MS Laboratory, MCLM 570, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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141
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Wu AM. Human blood group ABH/Ii, Le(a,b,x,y), and sialyl Le (a,x) glycotopes; internal structures; and immunochemical roles of human ovarian cyst glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:33-51. [PMID: 21618103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Wu
- Glyco-Immunochemistry Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan.
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142
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Towards in vivo imaging of cancer sialylation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 2011:283497. [PMID: 21941647 PMCID: PMC3175693 DOI: 10.1155/2011/283497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of tumor glucose catabolism by positron emission tomography (PET) has become a highly valued study in the medical management of cancer. Emerging technologies offer the potential to evaluate in vivo another aspect of cancer carbohydrate metabolism related to the increased anabolic use of monosaccharides like sialic acid (Sia). Sia is used for the synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides in the cell surface that in cancer cells are overexpressed and positively associated to malignancy and worse prognosis because of their role in invasion and metastasis. This paper addresses the key points of the different strategies that have been developed to image Sia expression in vivo and the perspectives to translate it from the bench to the bedside where it would offer the clinician highly valued complementary information on cancer carbohydrate metabolism that is currently unavailable in vivo.
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143
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Villar-Portela S, Muinelo-Romay L, Cuevas E, Gil-Martín E, Fernández-Briera A. Disease-free survival of colorectal cancer patients in relation to CDw75 antigen expression. Pathobiology 2011; 78:201-9. [PMID: 21778787 DOI: 10.1159/000326768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CDw75 is an α(2,6)-sialylated antigen associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In the present study, we examined if CDw75 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) predicts tumour recurrence. Besides, we evaluated CDw75 expression in different colorectal tissue specimens to clarify their role in tumour development and progression. METHODS We analyzed CDw75 expression in 34 specimens of healthy disease-free colorectal mucosa, 19 specimens of inflammatory colorectal mucosa, 73 colorectal adenomas, 35 specimens of healthy tissue and 101 specimens of tumoural tissue from CRC patients. RESULTS None of the healthy disease-free and inflammatory colorectal mucosa specimens showed the presence of the epitope. CDw75 was expressed in 26% of the colorectal adenomas. In healthy and tumoural tissue from CRC patients, CDw75 was detected in 22.9% and 82.2% of the specimens, respectively. CDw75 expression in tumoural tissue was correlated with growth pattern (p = 0.044), Dukes stage (p = 0.002), TNM stage (p = 0.020) and distant metastasis (p = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that CDw75 expression is not associated with tumour recurrence. CONCLUSION CDw75 expression in CRC is not a prognostic factor for predicting disease-free survival. Nevertheless, CDw75 expression may be a good marker of tumour progression and of the malignant potential of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Villar-Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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144
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Abstract
Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and PerspectivesProtein glycosylation is a ubiquitous and complex co- and post-translational modification leading to glycan formation, i.e. oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to peptide backbones. The significance of changes in glycosylation for the beginning, progress and outcome of different human diseases is widely recognized. Thus, glycans are considered as unique structures to diagnose, predict susceptibility to and monitor the progression of disease. In the »omics« era, the glycome, a glycan analogue of the proteome and genome, holds considerable promise as a source of new biomarkers. In the design of a strategy for biomarker discovery, new principles and platforms for the analysis of relatively small amounts of numerous glycoproteins are needed. Emerging glycomics technologies comprising different types of mass spectrometry and affinity-based arrays are next in line to deliver new analytical procedures in the field of biomarkers. Screening different types of glycomolecules, selection of differentially expressed components, their enrichment and purification or identification are the most challenging parts of experimental and clinical glycoproteomics. This requires large-scale technologies enabling high sensitivity, proper standardization and validation of the methods to be used. Further progress in the field of applied glycoscience requires an integrated systematic approach in order to explore properly all opportunities for disease diagnosis.
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145
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Polašek O, Leutenegger AL, Gornik O, Zgaga L, Kolcic I, McQuillan R, Wilson JF, Hayward C, Wright AF, Lauc G, Campbell H, Rudan I. Does inbreeding affect N-glycosylation of human plasma proteins? Mol Genet Genomics 2011; 285:427-32. [PMID: 21487732 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression and heterosis are the two ends of phenotypic changes defined by the genome-wide homozygosity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of genetic marker-based homozygosity estimates with 46 N-glycan features measured in human plasma. The study was based on a total of 2,341 subjects, originating from three isolated island communities in Croatia (Vis and Korcula islands) and Scotland (Orkney Islands). Inbreeding estimates were associated with an increase in tetrantennary and tetrasialylated glycans, and a decrease in digalactosylated glycans (P < 0.001). The strength of this association was proportional to the mean cohort-based inbreeding coefficient. Increase in tetraantennary glycans is known to be associated with various tumours and their association with inbreeding might be one of the mechanisms underlying the increased prevalence of tumours reported in some human isolated populations. Further studies are thus merited in order to confirm the association of inbreeding with changes in glycan profiles in other plant and animal populations, thus attempting to establish if glycosylation could indeed be involved in mediation of some phenotypic changes described in inbred and outbred organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 210000 Split, Croatia.
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146
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Analysis of differentially expressed genes in human rectal carcinoma using suppression subtractive hybridization. Clin Exp Med 2011; 11:219-26. [PMID: 21331762 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The existence and treatment of rectal cancer are important for the function of defecation and the quality of life. However, the precise mechanisms of rectal carcinogenesis remain unclear. To screen the overexpressed gene in rectal carcinoma, we performed suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) on rectal carcinoma cells and the corresponding normal rectal cells. A total of 64 recombinant clones were subjected to DNA sequencing analysis, and 9 known genes were found to overexpressed in the tumors compared with those of the normal tissues. The genes are ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL5), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), platelet-derived growth factor A-associated protein 1 (PDAP1), AlkB alkylating repair homolog 3 (ALKBH3), nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X (Nudix)-type motif 14 (NUDT14), calponin 2 (CNN2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), aconitase 1 (ACO1), and selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SEPHS1). The expression profiles of the genes were further confirmed in rectal carcinoma cells and the corresponding normal rectal cells of 12 patients by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our results revealed that ST3GAL5, IFITM3, PDAP1, ALKBH3, NUDT14, CNN2, MAPK14, ACO1, and SEPHS1 may be involved in rectal carcinogenesis.
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147
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Chen JY, Tang YA, Huang SM, Juan HF, Wu LW, Sun YC, Wang SC, Wu KW, Balraj G, Chang TT, Li WS, Cheng HC, Wang YC. A novel sialyltransferase inhibitor suppresses FAK/paxillin signaling and cancer angiogenesis and metastasis pathways. Cancer Res 2011; 71:473-83. [PMID: 21224350 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased sialyltransferase (ST) activity promotes cancer cell metastasis, and overexpression of cell surface sialic acid correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients. To seek therapies targeting metastasis for cancer treatment, we developed a novel ST inhibitor, Lith-O-Asp, and investigated its antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects and mechanisms. We found that cells treated with Lith-O-Asp showed a reduction of activity on various ST enzymes by in vitro and cell-based activity analyses. Lith-O-Asp inhibited migration and invasion abilities in various cancer cell lines and showed inhibitory effect on the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Indeed, Lith-O-Asp treatment consequently delayed cancer cell metastasis in experimental and spontaneous metastasis assays in animal models. Importantly, Lith-O-Asp decreased the sialic acid modification of integrin-β1 and inhibited the expression of phospho-FAK, phospho-paxillin, and the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and MMP9. Lith-O-Asp attenuated the Rho GTPase activity leading to actin dynamic impairment. In addition, 2DE-MS/MS and immunoblotting analyses showed that Lith-O-Asp altered the protein expression level and phosphorylation status of various proteins involved in crucial metastasis and angiogenesis pathways such as vimentin and ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor RNH1. Furthermore, Lith-O-Asp treatment significantly inhibited the invasive ability exerted by ectopic overexpression of various ST enzymes catalyzing α-2,6- or α-2,3-sialylation. Our results provide compelling evidence that the potential pan-ST inhibitor, Lith-O-Asp, suppressed cancer cell metastasis likely by inhibiting FAK/paxillin signaling and expressing antiangiogenesis factors. Lith-O-Asp is worthy for further testing as a novel antimetastasis drug for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Science and Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Bouanene H, Sahrawi W, Mokni M, Fatma LB, Bouriga A, Limen HB, Khairi H, Ahmed SB, Miled A. Correlation between Heterogeneous Expression of Sialyltransferases and MUC16 in Ovarian Tumor Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:165-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000326840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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149
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Differences in CD75s- and iso-CD75s-ganglioside content and altered mRNA expression of sialyltransferases ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL6 in human hepatocellular carcinomas and nontumoral liver tissues. Glycobiology 2010; 21:584-94. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Audry M, Jeanneau C, Imberty A, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Breton C. Current trends in the structure-activity relationships of sialyltransferases. Glycobiology 2010; 21:716-26. [PMID: 21098518 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferases (STs) represent an important group of enzymes that transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from cytidine monophosphate-Neu5Ac to various acceptor substrates. In higher animals, sialylated oligosaccharide structures play crucial roles in many biological processes but also in diseases, notably in microbial infection and cancer. Cell surface sialic acids have also been found in a few microorganisms, mainly pathogenic bacteria, and their presence is often associated with virulence. STs are distributed into five different families in the CAZy database (http://www.cazy.org/). On the basis of crystallographic data available for three ST families and fold recognition analysis for the two other families, STs can be grouped into two structural superfamilies that represent variations of the canonical glycosyltransferase (GT-A and GT-B) folds. These two superfamilies differ in the nature of their active site residues, notably the catalytic base (a histidine or an aspartate residue). The observed structural and functional differences strongly suggest that these two structural superfamilies have evolved independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Audry
- CERMAV-CNRS, Grenoble University, Grenoble, France
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