101
|
Harris HA, Bowling A, Santos S, Greaves‐Lord K, Jansen PW. Child ADHD and autistic traits, eating behaviours and weight: A population-based study. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12951. [PMID: 35751176 PMCID: PMC9786764 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have an increased obesity risk. Although these conditions commonly co-occur, shared factors relating to obesity risk are unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine the shared and unique associations of ADHD and autistic traits with eating behaviours and BMI. METHODS Children (N = 4134) from the population-based Generation R Study were categorized into subgroups based on parent-reported ADHD and autistic traits scores at 6 years: ADHDHigh , ASDHigh , ADHD+ASDHigh and REF (reference group: ADHD+ASDLow ). Multiple linear regressions examined the associations between subgroups and eating behaviours (at 10 years) and BMIz (at 14 years), relative to REF. Mediation analyses tested the indirect effect of subgroup and BMIz through eating behaviours. RESULTS ADHD + ASDHigh children expressed both food approach (increased food responsiveness and emotional overeating) and avoidant eating behaviours (increased emotional undereating, satiety responsiveness/ slowness in eating and picky eating, and decreased enjoyment in food). ASDHigh children were more food avoidant, while ADHDHigh children had more food approach behaviours and greater BMIz. ADHDHigh and BMIz were indirectly associated with food responsiveness and emotional overeating. CONCLUSIONS ADHD and autistic trait phenotypes show distinct associations with potential obesity risk factors, and further research is needed to improve targeted early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Harris
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R StudyErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - April Bowling
- Department of Public Health and NutritionMerrimack College, School of Health SciencesNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Susana Santos
- Generation R StudyErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of PediatricsErasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirstin Greaves‐Lord
- Department of PediatricsErasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of PsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Autisme Team North‐NetherlandJonx part of Lentis Psychiatric InstituteGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pauline W. Jansen
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R StudyErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Psychology, Education & Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Anobile G, Bartoli M, Masi G, Tacchi A, Tinelli F. Math difficulties in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder do not originate from the visual number sense. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:949391. [PMID: 36393991 PMCID: PMC9649814 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.949391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence from literature and clinical practice indicating mathematical difficulties in individuals with ADHD, even when there is no concomitant diagnosis of developmental dyscalculia. What factors underlie these difficulties is still an open question. Research on dyscalculia and neurotypical development suggests visual perception of numerosity (the number sense) as a building block for math learning. Participants with lower numerosity estimation thresholds (higher precision) are often those with higher math capabilities. Strangely, the role of numerosity perception in math skills in ADHD has been neglected, leaving open the question whether math difficulties in ADHD also originate from a deficitary visual number sense. In the current study we psychophysically measured numerosity thresholds and accuracy in a sample of children/adolescents with ADHD, but not concomitant dyscalculia (N = 20, 8-16 years). Math abilities were also measured by tasks indexing different mathematical competences. Numerosity performance and math scores were then compared to those obtained from an age-matched control group (N = 20). Bayesian statistics indicated no difference between ADHD and controls on numerosity perception, despite many of the symbolic math tasks being impaired in participants with ADHD. Moreover, the math deficits showed by the group with ADHD remained substantial even when numerosity thresholds were statistically regressed out. Overall, these results indicate that math difficulties in ADHD are unlikely to originate from an impaired visual number sense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Anobile
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariaelisa Bartoli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tacchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Figueiredo S, Vieira R. The Effect of Chronotype on Oppositional Behaviour and Psychomotor Agitation of School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13233. [PMID: 36293815 PMCID: PMC9602728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between chronotype, classroom behaviour and school performance in 140 healthy school-age children attending various levels of education during the 1st cycle during 2021 in Portugal. In this cross-sectional and quantitative study, the Chronotype Questionnaire for Children (to assess the chronotype) and the Conners Scale-a reduced version was presented to the teachers (to assess behaviours such as excessive movement, inattention and oppositional behaviours)-were used. The methodology of this study followed a comparative method since the independent variables were not controlled, and therefore, it was still possible to compare the differences between the morning and evening groups. Statistical methods were used such as multivariate analyses, inter-item correlations and reliability tests, and descriptive tests were used for the percentile analysis. The sample was divided into three groups based on the identification of the chronotype-morning, intermediate and evening types-to further study the relationship between these chronotypes, their academic performance and classroom behaviour were studied. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that there was a higher rate of oppositional behaviour in the morning type and no differences in the school performance during the two semesters (covering all of the school periods) regarding the chronotype effect, even with the analysis of regression parameters and covariates. On the other hand, the morning-type children showed a greater amount of motor agitation and impulsivity after controlling for the gender covariate. Age had an effect on the chronotype, after controlling for the covariate parental education. This study highlights the need for further research on the chronotype of the morning children in order to regulate their behaviour. The data that were obtained raise questions that have not been yet considered in the literature in the area of education and infant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Figueiredo
- Department of Psychology of Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, Coordinator Researcher in Psychology Research Centre (CIP) and of Foundation for Science and Technology, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rayane Vieira
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Zerón-Rugerio MF, Alda JA, Carpio-Arias TV, Izquierdo-Pulido M, Cambras T. Seasonality and ADHD: Summer time is associated with less symptoms of inattention among children and adolescents with ADHD. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:259-262. [PMID: 35878839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Alda
- Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Vilgis V, Yee D, Silk TJ, Vance A. Distinct Neural Profiles of Frontoparietal Networks in Boys with ADHD and Boys with Persistent Depressive Disorder. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1183-1198. [PMID: 35349053 PMCID: PMC10149107 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Working memory deficits are common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression-two common neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping cognitive profiles but distinct clinical presentation. Multivariate techniques have previously been utilized to understand working memory processes in functional brain networks in healthy adults but have not yet been applied to investigate how working memory processes within the same networks differ within typical and atypical developing populations. We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to identify whether brain networks discriminated between spatial versus verbal working memory processes in ADHD and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD). Thirty-six male clinical participants and 19 typically developing (TD) boys participated in a fMRI scan while completing a verbal and a spatial working memory task. Within a priori functional brain networks (frontoparietal, default mode, salience), the TD group demonstrated differential response patterns to verbal and spatial working memory. The PDD group showed weaker differentiation than TD, with lower classification accuracies observed in primarily the left frontoparietal network. The neural profiles of the ADHD and PDD differed specifically in the SN where the ADHD group's neural profile suggests significantly less specificity in neural representations of spatial and verbal working memory. We highlight within-group classification as an innovative tool for understanding the neural mechanisms of how cognitive processes may deviate in clinical disorders, an important intermediary step towards improving translational psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vilgis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Debbie Yee
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Box 182, Metcalf Research Building, 190 Thayer Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Tim J Silk
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Providence, Australia
| | - Alasdair Vance
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Providence, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Blasco-Fontecilla H, Moyano-Ramírez E, Méndez-González O, Rodrigo-Yanguas M, Martin-Moratinos M, Bella-Fernández M. Effectivity of Saffron Extract (Saffr’Activ) on Treatment for Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Clinical Effectivity Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194046. [PMID: 36235697 PMCID: PMC9573091 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide. Choice treatment includes psychostimulants, but parents tend to be reluctant to administer them due to side effects, and alternatives are needed. Saffron extract is a natural stimulant that has been proven safe and effective for treating a variety of mental disorders. This study compares the efficacy of saffron and the usual treatment with methylphenidate, using objective and pen-and-paper tests. We performed a non-randomized clinical trial with two groups, methylphenidate (n = 27) and saffron (n = 36), in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17. Results show that the efficacy of saffron is comparable to that of methylphenidate. Saffron is more effective for treating hyperactivity symptoms, while methylphenidate is more effective for inattention symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ITA Mental Health, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - María Rodrigo-Yanguas
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martin-Moratinos
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to a natural disaster and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Indian children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16235. [PMID: 36171270 PMCID: PMC9519978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relation between early exposure to stressful events and symptoms of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, based on the outcomes from a natural experiment. It was hypothesized that children pre- and postnatally exposed to cyclone Aila have increased ADHD symptoms compared to the control group, and the effect depends on the timing of the exposure. Indian children (8–11 years) prenatally (N = 336) and early postnatally (N = 216) exposed to cyclone Aila were compared to a non-exposed control peer group (N = 285). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale Revised. The main effect of exposure to the cyclone on the total ADHD symptoms’ score, ADHD index, Hyperactivity and Oppositional symptoms was significant and independent to covariates: age and sex of children, gestational age and birth weight, maternal stress during the year before the study and the socioeconomic status of a family. The timing of exposure and sex of the children were found to be a significant moderator of the relation between early exposure to the natural disaster and ADHD symptoms. The prenatal, but also early postnatal exposure to stressful experiences such as a natural disaster, may disturb the development of cognitive functions and behavioural control, thus increasing the risk of ADHD in children.
Collapse
|
108
|
Hadanny A, Catalogna M, Yaniv S, Stolar O, Rothstein L, Shabi A, Suzin G, Sasson E, Lang E, Finci S, Polak N, Fishlev G, Harpaz RT, Adler M, Goldman RE, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Efrati S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with post-concussion syndrome improves cognitive and behavioral function: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15233. [PMID: 36151105 PMCID: PMC9508089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a common and significant morbidity among children following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the evidence for effective PPCS treatments remains limited. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in PPCS adult patients. This randomized, sham-control, double blind trial evaluated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on children (age 8–15) suffering from PPCS from mild-moderate TBI events six months to 10 years prior. Twenty-five children were randomized to receive 60 daily sessions of HBOT (n = 15) or sham (n = 10) treatments. Following HBOT, there was a significant increase in cognitive function including the general cognitive score (d = 0.598, p = 0.01), memory (d = 0.480, p = 0.02), executive function (d = 0.739, p = 0.003), PPCS symptoms including emotional score (p = 0.04, d = – 0.676), behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity (d = 0.244, p = 0.03), global executive composite score (d = 0.528, p = 0.001), planning/organizing score (d = 1.09, p = 0.007). Clinical outcomes correlated with significant improvements in brain MRI microstructural changes in the insula, supramarginal, lingual, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. The study suggests that HBOT improves both cognitive and behavioral function, PPCS symptoms, and quality of life in pediatric PPCS patients at the chronic stage, even years after injury. Additional data is needed to optimize the protocol and to characterize the children who can benefit the most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadanny
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Merav Catalogna
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Slava Yaniv
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Orit Stolar
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Autism Center, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Department, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Lynn Rothstein
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Adi Shabi
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Gil Suzin
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Efrat Sasson
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Erez Lang
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shachar Finci
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Polak
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Fishlev
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Tock Harpaz
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Moran Adler
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ron-El Goldman
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yonatan Zemel
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yair Bechor
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Department, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Kilany A, Nashaat NH, Zeidan HM, Hashish AF, El-Saied MM, Abdelraouf ER. Kynurenine and oxidative stress in children having learning disorder with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: possible role and involvement. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:356. [PMID: 36127656 PMCID: PMC9487051 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiological and pathophysiological factors of learning disorder (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are currently not well understood. These disorders disrupt some cognitive abilities. Identifying biomarkers for these disorders is a cornerstone to their proper management. Kynurenine (KYN) and oxidative stress markers have been reported to influence some cognitive abilities. Therefore, the aim was to measure the level of KYN and some oxidative stress indicators in children with LD with and without ADHD and to investigate their correlations with the abilities of children with LD. Methods The study included 154 participants who were divided into 3 groups: one for children who have LD (N = 69); another for children with LD and ADHD (N = 31); and a group for neurotypical (NT) children (N = 54). IQ testing, reading, writing, and other ability performance evaluation was performed for children with LD. Measuring plasma levels of KYN, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for all participants. Results Some IQ measures and learning skills differed between the first two groups. The biochemical measures differed between children with LD (with and without ADHD) and NT children (p < 0.001). However, the biochemical measures did not show a significant statistical difference between the first two groups. KYN and glutathione peroxidase levels were correlated with one-minute writing and at-risk quotient, respectively (p = 0.03;0.04). KYN and malondialdehyde showed the highest sensitivity and specificity values. Conclusion These biochemical measures could be involved or have a role in the abilities’ performance of children with specific learning disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Kilany
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.,Pediatric Neurology Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Hassan Nashaat
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt. .,Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Zeidan
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Adel F Hashish
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M El-Saied
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.,Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Ragaa Abdelraouf
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Children with Special Needs Research Department, National Research Centre, Elbuhouth Street, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.,Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kapogiannis A, Makris G, Darviri C, Artemiadis A, Klonaris D, Tsoli S, Bachourou T, Stefanaki C, Papanikolaou K, Chrousos G, Pervanidou P. The Greek Version of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale for Follow-up Assessment in Prepubertal Children with ADHD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY, DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION 2022; 69:1726-1735. [DOI: 10.1080/1034912x.2020.1802647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- August Kapogiannis
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Makris
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Klonaris
- Center of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sofia Tsoli
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Bachourou
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Ringgold Standard Institution, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Kleine Deters R, Ruisch IH, Faraone SV, Hartman CA, Luman M, Franke B, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK, Naaijen J, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ. Polygenic risk scores for antisocial behavior in relation to amygdala morphology across an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder case-control sample with and without disruptive behavior. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 62:63-73. [PMID: 35914510 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial and aggressive behaviors show considerable heritability and are central to disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), but are also frequently observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While the amygdala is implicated as a key neural structure, it remains unclear whether common genetic variants underlie this brain-behavior association. We hypothesized that polygenic (risk) scores for antisocial and aggressive behaviors (ASB-PRS) would be related to amygdala morphology. Using the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS; mostly population based cohorts), we calculated ASB-PRS in the NeuroIMAGE I ADHD case-control sample with varying levels of DBD symptomatology (n=679 from 379 families, aged 7 - 29). We first investigated associations of several ASB-PRS p value thresholds with the presence of DBD symptoms and self-reported antisocial behavior (ASB) to determine the threshold for further analyses. This PRS was then related to amygdala volume and shape using regression and vertex-wise analyses. Our results showed associations of ASB-PRS with the presence of DBD symptoms, self-reported ASB, and left basolateral amygdala shape, independent of ADHD symptom severity and ADHD-PRS, with a relative outward displacement of the vertices. No associations of ASB-PRS, DBD symptoms or self-reported ASB with amygdala volume were found. Our results indicate that genetic risk for antisocial and aggressive behaviors is related to amygdala shape alterations, and point to genetic sharing across different DBD and ASB and aggression-related phenotypes as a spectrum of genetically related quantitative traits. Additionally, our findings support the utility of vertex-based shape analyses in genetic studies of ASB, aggression, and DBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kleine Deters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - I Hyun Ruisch
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Khoodoruth MAS, Ouanes S, Khan YS. A systematic review of the use of atomoxetine for management of comorbid anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104275. [PMID: 35691145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are among the most common comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While the role of atomoxetine, a non-stimulant medication, is well-established in the management of ADHD symptoms since two decades, there is a dearth of evidence regarding its efficacy in the management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD. AIMS We aimed to provide insights into (1) the comparative efficacy of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with comorbid ADHD and anxiety disorders, (2) change in severity of anxiety symptoms based on patients', parents', and clinicians' ratings, (3) tolerability and side effects. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for clinical trials that addressed the efficacy of atomoxetine for anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. All published literature was systematically reviewed. RESULTS We included four studies, out of which two specifically addressed comorbid ADHD and anxiety disorder. The studies suggested that atomoxetine did not exacerbate and in fact reduced anxiety symptoms in young patients with comorbid ADHD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, atomoxetine demonstrates good efficacy in improving anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Further studies are needed to shed light on atomoxetine's efficacy for anxiety subtypes in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Ouanes
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Saeed Khan
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Sleep Disturbances in Children with ADHD and Matched Controls. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091158. [PMID: 36138894 PMCID: PMC9496794 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systematic reviews conducted on sleep disturbances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have found inconsistent results due to the presence of several moderating variables which were not controlled for in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine sleep disturbances in children with ADHD compared to their typically developing peers after controlling for moderating variables (age, sex, medication status, body mass index, and psychiatric and medical comorbidities). Methods: ADHD was diagnosed using DSM-IV-TR criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and Conners’ Parent Rating Scales. Children recruited (aged 6−12 years) for the ADHD group (n = 40) met the following criteria: IQ > 80, unmedicated, and no psychiatric or medical comorbidities. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched typically developing peers (n = 40). Sleep was assessed subjectively (through parent reported questionnaires and sleep logs) and objectively (using video polysomnography). Results: 65% of children with ADHD had a sleep disorder, as compared to 17% of controls. The ADHD group reported more sleep disturbances and disorders, both on subjective measures and objective measures. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances and primary sleep disorders in children with ADHD exist independent of moderating variables and differences in sleep assessment methods, thereby bolstering support for previously documented literature on the ADHD and sleep connection.
Collapse
|
114
|
Liu B, Fang X, Strodl E, He G, Ruan Z, Wang X, Liu L, Chen W. Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution in Late Pregnancy Significantly Increases ADHD-Risk Behavior in Early Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710482. [PMID: 36078201 PMCID: PMC9518584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution nowadays has seriously threatened the health of the Chinese population, especially in the vulnerable groups of fetuses, infants and toddlers. In particular, the effects of air pollution on children's neurobehavioral development have attracted widespread attention. Moreover, the early detection of a sensitive period is very important for the precise intervention of the disease. However, such studies focusing on hyperactive behaviors and susceptible window identification are currently lacking in China. OBJECTIVES The study aims to explore the correlation between air pollution exposure and hyperactive behaviors during the early life stage and attempt to identify whether a susceptible exposure window exists that is crucial for further precise intervention. METHODS Based on the Longhua Child Cohort Study, we collected the basic information and hyperactivity index of 26,052 children using a questionnaire conducted from 2015 to 2017, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-revised (CPRS-48) was used to assess hyperactive behaviors. Moreover, the data of air pollution concentration (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3 and SO2) were collected from the monitoring station between 2011 to 2017, and a land-use random forest model was used to evaluate the exposure level of each subject. Furthermore, Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were applied for statistic analysis. RESULTS The risk of child hyperactivity was found to be positively associated with early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2. In particular, for an increase of per 10 µg/m3 in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 exposure concentration during early life, the risk of child hyperactivity increased significantly during the seventh month of pregnancy to the fourth month after birth, with the strongest association in the ninth month of pregnancy (PM10: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016-1.071; PM2.5: OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.024-1.102; NO2: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016-1.071). However, no significant associations among early life exposure to CO, O3 and SO2 and child hyperactive behaviors were observed. CONCLUSIONS Early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 is associated with an increased risk of child ADHD-like behaviors at the age around 3 years, and the late-prenatal and early postnatal periods might be the susceptible exposure windows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binquan Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Public Health and Health Administration, Clincial College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ximeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Information Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Salehinejad MA, Vosough Y, Nejati V. The Impact of Bilateral Anodal tDCS over Left and Right DLPFC on Executive Functions in Children with ADHD. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081098. [PMID: 36009161 PMCID: PMC9406177 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly used for therapeutic purposes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most targeted region of tDCS studies in ADHD. There is limited knowledge and mixed results about the relevance of left or right DLPFCs in ADHD’s cognitive deficits. No study so far has investigated the impact of the increased excitability of both left and right DLPFC with anodal tDCS on cognitive deficits in ADHD. Here, we explored the impact of online bilateral anodal left and right DLPFC tDCS on executive dysfunction in children with ADHD. Twenty-two children with ADHD (mean age ± SD =8.86 ± 1.80) received bilateral anodal online tDCS over the left and right DLPFC (1.5 mA, 15 min) in two separate sessions in active and sham states. They underwent a battery of four neuropsychological tasks of executive functions during stimulation that measured working memory, cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and executive control. Bilateral anodal left and right DLPFC tDCS did not improve performance on working memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. Executive control was, however, partially improved for those who received active tDCS first. The upregulation of bilateral DLPFC tDCS with anodal polarity does not improve executive dysfunction in children with ADHD. The unilateral modulation of DLPFC with anodal tDCS may be more beneficial to cognitive deficits in ADHD in light of previous works targeting only left and/or right DLPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Younes Vosough
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Computer-Based Cognitive Training in Children with Primary Brain Tumours: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163879. [PMID: 36010873 PMCID: PMC9405613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain tumour survivors are often burdened by late sequelae, especially neurocognitive deficits, ultimately affecting their quality of life. For many years, treatments for neurocognitive impairments have been limited to educational, pharmacological, home-based interventions, or clinic-based cognitive rehabilitation, but these treatment modalities showed several limits. More recently, cognitive rehabilitation through digital tools to increase cognitive performance through exercises and games is spreading in experimental clinical settings. However, since these are innovative interventions, there is a need to further investigate their effects on cognitive outcomes and quality of life for children with brain tumours. Therefore, in this systematic review, we analyse the current evidence and trends regarding computer-based cognitive rehabilitation in paediatric patients diagnosed with, or survivors of, brain tumours. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review investigating these new approaches to cognitive rehabilitation in children with brain tumours. Abstract Background: Late neurocognitive sequelae are common among long-term brain tumour survivors, resulting in significantly worse quality of life. Cognitive rehabilitation through specific APP/software for PC/tablets represents an innovative intervention spreading in recent years. In this study, we aim to review the current evidence and trends regarding these innovative approaches. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed. Inclusion criteria were: (i) Studies recruiting patients diagnosed with any brain tumour before 21 years of age; (ii) studies assessing the role of digital interventions on cognitive outcomes. Case reports, case series, reviews, letters, conference proceedings, abstracts, and editorials were excluded. Results: Overall, nine studies were included; 152 patients (67.8% males) with brain tumours underwent a digital intervention. The mean age at diagnosis and the intervention enrolment ranged from 4.9 to 9.4 years and 11.1 to 13.3 years, respectively. The computer-based software interventions employed were: Cogmed, Captain’s Log, Fast ForWord, and Nintendo Wii. Most of these studies assessed the effects of cognitive training on working memory, attention, and performance in daily living activities. Conclusions: The studies suggest that this type of intervention improves cognitive functions, such as working memory, attention, and processing speed. However, some studies revealed only transient positive effects with a significant number of dropouts during follow-up. Trials with greater sample sizes are warranted. Motivating families and children to complete cognitive interventions could significantly improve cognitive outcomes and quality of life.
Collapse
|
117
|
Maitra S, Chatterjee M, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K. Specific dopaminergic genetic variants influence impulsivity, cognitive deficit, and disease severity of Indian ADHD probands. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7315-7325. [PMID: 35553330 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity (Imp), being one of the cardinal symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), often leads to inappropriate responses to stimuli. Since the dopaminergic system is the primary target for pharmaceutical intervention in ADHD, we investigated the association between ADHD-related Imp and functional gene variants of the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and catechol-O-methyltransferase involved in dopamine clearance. METHODS AND RESULTS Indo-Caucasoid families with ADHD probands (N = 217) were recruited based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Imp of the probands was assessed using the Domain Specific Imp Scale for Children and DSM. Peripheral blood was collected after obtaining informed written consent for participation, genomic DNA was isolated, and target sites were genotyped by DNA sequencing. The association of genetic variants with Imp was examined by the Quantitative trait analysis (QTA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post-Hoc analysis following QTA and ANOVA showed significant associations of rs2254408, rs2981359, and rs2239393 with different domains of Imp (P < 0.05). Various haplotypic combinations also showed statistically significant associations with Imp (P < 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction models revealed strong effects of the variants on Imp. ADHD probands harboring the risk alleles exhibited a deficit in performance during cognitive assessment. Longitudinal follow-up revealed a significant association of rs2254408 with trait persistence. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the influence of the studied genetic variants on ADHD-associated imp, executive deficit, and disease persistence. Thus, these variants may be helpful as predictors for the success of individual therapeutic sessions during cognitive training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhamita Maitra
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India.,Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahasweta Chatterjee
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Sobhy N, Afsah O, Baz H. Developing an arabic questionnaire to assess sensory processing disorders among preschool Egyptian children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104238. [PMID: 35487049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a neurophysiologic disorder in which sensory input is poorly detected, modulated, interpreted and/or to which atypical responses occur. The objective of this study was to validate an Arabic questionnaire for identification of SPD among preschool Arabic-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS A newly constructed Arabic questionnaire for assessment of SPD was completed by parents of 100 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children including 40 typically-developing children (control group), 30 children with ASD, and 30 children with ADHD in the age range 3-6 years RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensory processing differences were detected between typically-developing children and children with ASD and ADHD. Significant differences were found in auditory processing, visual processing, oral sensory processing, olfactory processing, total scores and emotional/social response. The current study revealed non-significant differences between ASD and ADHD children as regards auditory, visual, touch, oral sensory, olfactory and total processing scores. On the other hand, ASD children showed higher scores in proprioceptive processing and lower scores in emotional/social response than children with ADHD. The designed Arabic questionnaire is a valid and reliable assessment tool for identification of SPD in preschool Arabic-speaking children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sobhy
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Elsenbelawin General Hospital, Elsenbelawin, Egypt.
| | - Omayma Afsah
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hemmat Baz
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Akyuz Karacan F, Yilmaz S, Kara T. The Mental Health and Marital Adjustment of Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. HASEKI TIP BÜLTENI 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2022.8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
120
|
Parent training in non-violent resistance for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled outcome study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:929-938. [PMID: 33528659 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current forms of parent training for childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often insufficient. Many families drop out of the training, and treatment gains are often not maintained. Nonviolent resistance parent training (NVR) focuses on helping parents resist the child's negative behaviors without escalating the problem. NVR helps parents to fulfill an anchoring function, supporting the child through presence, self-regulation, structure, and support network. This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of NVR in the treatment of childhood ADHD. Participants were Israeli parents of children with primary ADHD diagnosis (N = 101; 5-13 years old; 79% male participants) randomly assigned to either 12-session NVR (N = 50) or waiting list (N = 51). Measures were administered before and after treatment and at a 4-month follow-up. ADHD outcomes included the Conners and Child Behavior Checklist. Parenting outcomes included parental helplessness, emotional regulation, anchoring function, and family chaos. Participants in the NVR condition reported significant improvements in the child's internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms, as well as improvement in paternal and maternal helplessness and anchoring. Participants in the control condition did not report changes in the child's symptoms or the parents' condition. The results at follow-up revealed maintenance of change in the child's externalizing and internalizing symptoms, but failure to maintain gains in ADHD core symptoms. Maternal helplessness and anchoring, as well as family chaos continued to improve at follow-up. Dropout rates in the treatment group were low (5%), and fathers' engagement was close to 100%. NVR is an efficient treatment for childhood ADHD, with benefits extending beyond the child's symptoms to the entire family. NVR's special focus on parental distress may have contributed to low dropout, high paternal engagement, and maintenance of change.
Collapse
|
121
|
Harris GM, Wood M, Ystrom E, Nordeng H. Association of Maternal Use of Triptans During Pregnancy With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2215333. [PMID: 35657626 PMCID: PMC9166221 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Triptans are commonly used in the treatment of migraine. Prenatal exposure to triptans may be associated with adverse fetal neurodevelopment; however, there is limited information about the long-term safety of triptan use during pregnancy. Objective To examine the association between maternal use of triptans during pregnancy and diagnosis and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (recruitment 1999-2008), linked to national health registries. Live-born singleton children born to women with migraine before or during pregnancy were included. Two analytic samples were defined: one to assess ADHD diagnosis and one to assess ADHD symptoms. Data were analyzed from May 1 to November 30, 2021. Exposure Maternal self-report of triptan use during pregnancy. Exposed children were compared with 2 groups of unexposed children whose mothers reported migraine (1) during pregnancy and (2) before pregnancy only. Main Outcomes and Measures An ADHD diagnosis was defined as diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder or receipt of dispensed ADHD medication. Symptoms of ADHD at 5 years were measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale, where a higher score indicates more symptoms of ADHD. Cox proportional hazards regression models and generalized linear models with inverse probability weights were used to estimate weighted hazard ratios (HRs) and standardized mean differences, respectively, with 95% CIs. Results The ADHD diagnosis sample comprised 10 167 children (mean [SD] maternal age, 30.2 [4.6] years; 5231 boys [51.5%]), and the ADHD symptoms sample comprised 4367 children (mean [SD] maternal age, 30.6 [4.4] years; 2191 boys [50.2%]). Children were followed up for a mean (SD) of 10.6 (2.2) years. Children with prenatal triptan exposure had no increased risk of ADHD diagnosis compared with unexposed children whose mothers had migraine during pregnancy (weighted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.78-1.74) and compared with unexposed children whose mothers had migraine only before pregnancy (weighted HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.84-1.94). There were no differences in ADHD symptom scores between exposed and unexposed children. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that there is no increased risk of ADHD among offspring associated with prenatal exposure to triptans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Marie Harris
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mollie Wood
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Gul MK, Sener EF, Onal MG, Demirci E. Role of the norepinephrine transporter polymorphisms in atomoxetine treatment: From response to side effects in children with ADHD. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:715-722. [PMID: 33944622 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211015245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atomoxetine (ATX), one of the most commonly used drugs after stimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment, is an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter (NET/SLC6A2), which is also associated with the etiology of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NET gene polymorphisms on response to ATX treatment and to find the answers to the questions about whether there is a relationship between the severity of the disorder and the observed side effects in children with ADHD. METHOD About 100 children with ADHD and 80 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The dose of ATX was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated at 1.2 mg/kg/day. Response to treatment of 78 patients was evaluated 2 months after the beginning of the treatment. After whole blood samples were obtained, DNAs were isolated, and samples were stored at -80°C. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12708954 and rs3785143) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The patients with both rs12708954 and rs3785143 heterozygous genotype had better treatment response and more side effects than patients with wild type. There was not found any association between any of the investigated NET polymorphisms and ADHD severity. CONCLUSION It was, however, found that the NET rs12708954 and rs3785143 genotypes affect the treatment response to ATX in our study; thus, further studies with a large population are needed to understand the effects of NET polymorphisms on treatment, side effects, and also the severity of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kevser Gul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muge Gulcihan Onal
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Halil Bayraktar Vocational School of Health Services, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Doneray E, Yazici KU, Yazici IP, Ustundag B. Altered Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Children Diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Effect of 10 Weeks Methylphenidate Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:350-363. [PMID: 35466106 PMCID: PMC9048004 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.2.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated the levels of arginine, nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and adrenomedullin that are presumed to play a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology, and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods Thirty ADHD patients and thirty healthy control subjects aged 6−12 years were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version; Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Long Form; Children’s Depression Inventory; and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were applied to all cases. All participants included in the study were evaluated in terms of their serum arginine, NO, ADMA, and adrenomedullin levels. Subsequently, methylphenidate treatment was started in ADHD patients and blood parameters were tested again in the tenth week of treatment. Results At the start of the study, arginine and ADMA levels were significantly higher and NO and adrenomedullin levels were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. Post-treatment arginine and ADMA levels were found to be significantly lower than in the pre-treatment period. There were no significant differences in NO and adrenomedullin levels before and after treatment. There was no correlation between scale scores and blood parameters. Conclusion These variations in the blood parameters of the ADHD group seem to be worth further investigation. Studies to be conducted with larger sample groups after longer-term treatment may provide new information about the alterations in neurobiological processes related to ADHD etiology and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Doneray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Utku Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Damatac CG, Soheili-Nezhad S, Blazquez Freches G, Zwiers MP, de Bruijn S, Ikde S, Portengen CM, Abelmann AC, Dammers JT, van Rooij D, Akkermans SEA, Naaijen J, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF, Sprooten E. Longitudinal changes of ADHD symptoms in association with white matter microstructure: A tract-specific fixel-based analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103057. [PMID: 35644111 PMCID: PMC9144034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HI symptom remission is associated with more follow-up lCST FD. Combined symptom remission is associated with more follow-up lCST FC. Altered white matter development may be moderated by preceding symptom trajectory.
Background Variation in the longitudinal course of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) coincides with neurodevelopmental maturation of brain structure and function. Prior work has attempted to determine how alterations in white matter (WM) relate to changes in symptom severity, but much of that work has been done in smaller cross-sectional samples using voxel-based analyses. Using standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) methods, we previously showed WM alterations were associated with ADHD symptom remission over time in a longitudinal sample of probands, siblings, and unaffected individuals. Here, we extend this work by further assessing the nature of these changes in WM microstructure by including an additional follow-up measurement (aged 18 – 34 years), and using the more physiologically informative fixel-based analysis (FBA). Methods Data were obtained from 139 participants over 3 clinical and 2 follow-up DWI waves, and analyzed using FBA in regions-of-interest based on prior findings. We replicated previously reported significant models and extended them by adding another time-point, testing whether changes in combined ADHD and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) continuous symptom scores are associated with fixel metrics at follow-up. Results Clinical improvement in HI symptoms over time was associated with more fiber density at follow-up in the left corticospinal tract (lCST) (tmax = 1.092, standardized effect[SE] = 0.044, pFWE = 0.016). Improvement in combined ADHD symptoms over time was associated with more fiber cross-section at follow-up in the lCST (tmax = 3.775, SE = 0.051, pFWE = 0.019). Conclusions Aberrant white matter development involves both lCST micro- and macrostructural alterations, and its path may be moderated by preceding symptom trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christienne G Damatac
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sourena Soheili-Nezhad
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guilherme Blazquez Freches
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne de Bruijn
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyma Ikde
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christel M Portengen
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Amy C Abelmann
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janneke T Dammers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie E A Akkermans
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reiner Postlaan 12, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nufeld Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Golsorkhi H, Qorbani M, Kamalinejad M, Sabbaghzadegan S, Bahrami M, Vafaee-Shahi M, Montazerlotfelahi H, Abniki E, Dadmehr M. The effect of Rosa canina L. and a polyherbal formulation syrup in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:434. [PMID: 35606864 PMCID: PMC9125825 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood and adolescence. A number of these patients do not respond to the current pharmacological treatments and there may also be drug side effects. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of two herbal medicine products, including Rosa canina L. (RC) and a polyherbal formulation (PHF) syrup, on the clinical manifestations of ADHD in children and adolescents. METHODS Ninety ADHD patients based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria will be randomly assigned equally into three groups: (1) RC syrup + methylphenidate (MP), (2) PHF syrup + MP, and (3) placebo + MP according to the inclusion criteria (30 subjects in each group). The syrup dosage is 5cc every 8 h, and MP will have a stabilized dose for 8 weeks during the study. Moreover, Conner's questionnaires will be completed by the teacher and parents before the intervention and then every 4 weeks. Also, the Child Symptom Inventory-fourth edition (CSI-4) and temperament questionnaires will be completed before the intervention and every 4 weeks until 2 months. DISCUSSION This trial is the first experiment to determine the effects of RC and PHF syrups on the clinical manifestations of ADHD in children and adolescents. Our findings provide new insight into the effect of these herbal products on the clinical manifestations of ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20190923044855N1 . Registered on 14 January 2020. The trial was registered at https://www.irct.ir/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haide Golsorkhi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Sabbaghzadegan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Researcher of Persian Medicine, Private clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vafaee-Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Montazerlotfelahi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Abniki
- Researcher of Clinical Psychology, Private clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Dadmehr
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Methylphenidate Use for Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and ADHD and ASD: A Naturalistic Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102922. [PMID: 35629047 PMCID: PMC9142913 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nonetheless, research on ADHD in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD is still ongoing. Several studies suggest that methylphenidate (MPH) may be effective for ED in ADHD, while there is not enough evidence about its use in ASD with comorbid ADHD. This naturalistic study aims to investigate the effectiveness of immediate- and extended-release MPH in the treatment of ED in 70 children and adolescents (6–18 years), with a diagnosis of ADHD (n = 41) and of ASD with comorbid ADHD (n = 29), using the Child Behavior Checklist—Attention/Aggressive/Anxious (CBCL-AAA). Their parents completed the CBCL twice—first during the summer medication-free period, that is, at least one month after drug interruption; and again after three months of treatment restart. Results demonstrate that MPH is associated with a statistically significant reduction in ED in ADHD and ASD, without substantial adverse events, supporting the use of psychostimulants for the treatment of ED in these neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
127
|
Laws ML, Matejko AA, Lozano M, Napoliello E, Eden GF. Dorsal visual stream activity during coherent motion processing is not related to math ability or dyscalculia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103042. [PMID: 35580422 PMCID: PMC9117688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Math disability (MD) or developmental dyscalculia is a highly prevalent learning disability involving deficits in computation and arithmetic fact retrieval and is associated with dysfunction of parietal and prefrontal cortices. It has been suggested that dyscalculia (and other learning disabilities and developmental disorders) can be viewed in terms of a broader 'dorsal stream vulnerability,' which could explain a range of dorsal visual stream function deficits, including poor coherent visual motion perception. Behavioral evidence from two studies in typical children has linked performance on visual motion perception to math ability, and a third behavioral study reported poorer visual motion perception in a small group of children with MD compared to controls. Visual motion perception relies on the magnocellular-dominated dorsal stream, particularly its constituent area V5/MT. Here we used functional MRI to measure brain activity in area V5/MT during coherent visual motion processing to test its relationship with math ability. While we found bilateral activation in V5/MT in 66 children/adolescents with varied math abilities, we found no relationships between V5/MT activity and standardized math measures. Next, we selected a group of children/adolescents with MD (n = 23) and compared them to typically developing controls (n = 18), but found no differences in activity in V5/MT or elsewhere in the brain. We followed these frequentist statistics with Bayesian analyses, which favored null models in both studies. We conclude that dorsal stream function subserving visual motion processing in area V5/MT is not related to math ability, nor is it altered in those with the math disability dyscalculia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Laws
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Anna A Matejko
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Melanie Lozano
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Eileen Napoliello
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Guinevere F Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Wawrziczny E, Larochette C, Pasquier F, Antoine P. Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Caregiver Management Behaviors in Response to the Decreased Engagement of People with Dementia in Daily Activities. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:514-524. [PMID: 31566086 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1673525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore types of caregivers' management approaches, to develop a scale to assess caregivers' management behaviors and their relationship implications and to examine the scale's psychometric qualities.Method: First, based on a qualitative study, developing the corpus of items to align as closely as possible to caregivers' experience using their own words; second, exploring the structure of the scale and reducing the number of items; and third, studying the validity of the scale.Results: After assessing the validity requirements of the original corpus of items, an exploratory factor analysis of the first version of the scale with 62 items permitted the identification of three dimensions of caregiver management: "Negative control", "Positive stimulation" and "Overwhelming feeling". Because of its redundancy with respect to existing scales, the last dimension was removed. In the last step, a confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 13-item two-order factor model was in an acceptable model.Conclusion: The 13-item scale can be used to identify caregivers facing difficulty adapting their support as a baseline for following caregivers over time or evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention.Clinical implications: This scale can rapidly evaluate caregivers' management behaviors and their relational consequences and monitor outcomes of support interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wawrziczny
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Clotilde Larochette
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Clinic at the University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Altun Varmiş D, Yapça Kaypakli G, Yolga Tahiroğlu A, Avci A, Gül Çelik G, Metin Ö, Matyar S, Öztürk ÖG. Role of calcium metabolism in ADHD: The relationship between parathyroid hormone and ADHD symptom severity. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:257-263. [PMID: 35859547 PMCID: PMC9290411 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_484_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the potential role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is still unclear. AIM We aimed to investigate the association between calcium metabolism and ADHD symptomatology. METHODS We included 106 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old (51 ADHD patients, mean age: 9.54 ± 1.77, 55 healthy controls mean age: 9.97 ± 0.94) to this study. K-SADS-PL and Conners' Parent/Teacher Rating Scales, Stroop Test were performed. Blood samples to measure serum levels of Vitamin D, PTH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were collected in the spring (March-April-May) to prevent seasonal variability. RESULTS PTH, P, and ALP values were significantly lower and Vitamin D, Ca, and Mg values were significantly higher in the ADHD group (P < 0.05, for all). Both groups had Vitamin D deficiency. Control group has lower Vitamin D levels than the ADHD group (respectively; 17.66 ± 9.07, 21.99 ± 10.99, P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between PTH and CTRS hyperactivity, CGI-RI and CGI-EL sub-scores, CGI-Total, DSM-IV-Inattention, DSM-IV Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, DSM-IV-Total scores (P < 0.05, for all). CONCLUSIONS We found lower PTH levels in ADHD patients and a strong and negative correlation between PTH and symptom severity. Future studies are needed to clarify if these findings are due to the key role of PTH in ADHD pathology or PTH's function in activating vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Altun Varmiş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adana Ekrem Tok Mental Health Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yapça Kaypakli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hatay State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yolga Tahiroğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayse Avci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gonca Gül Çelik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özge Metin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Matyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Mukherjee P, Vilgis V, Rhoads S, Chahal R, Fassbender C, Leibenluft E, Dixon JF, Pakyurek M, van den Bos W, Hinshaw SP, Guyer AE, Schweitzer JB. Associations of Irritability With Functional Connectivity of Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens in Adolescents and Young Adults With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1040-1050. [PMID: 34724835 PMCID: PMC8957582 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211057074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritability is a common characteristic in ADHD. We examined whether dysfunction in neural connections supporting threat and reward processing was related to irritability in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. METHOD We used resting-state fMRI to assess connectivity of amygdala and nucleus accumbens seeds in those with ADHD (n = 34) and an age- and gender-matched typically-developing comparison group (n = 34). RESULTS In those with ADHD, irritability was associated with atypical functional connectivity of both seed regions. Amygdala seeds showed greater connectivity with right inferior frontal gyrus and caudate/putamen, and less connectivity with precuneus. Nucleus accumbens seeds showed altered connectivity with middle temporal gyrus and precuneus. CONCLUSION The irritability-ADHD presentation is associated with atypical functional connectivity of reward and threat processing regions with cognitive control and emotion processing regions. These patterns provide novel evidence for irritability-associated neural underpinnings in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. The findings suggest cognitive and behavioral treatments that address response to reward, including omission of an expected reward and irritability, may be beneficial for ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shawn Rhoads
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajpreet Chahal
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Ellen Leibenluft
- The National Institutes of Mental Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen P. Hinshaw
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA,University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Meyer É, Cuadrado J, Maire J, Michel G. La dysmnésie en mémoire à long terme sémantique ou les difficultés scolaires diffuses : un cas clinique. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
132
|
Neumann A, Pingault JB, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Tiemeier H, Cecil C, Walton E. Epigenome-wide contributions to individual differences in childhood phenotypes: a GREML approach. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:53. [PMID: 35440009 PMCID: PMC9020033 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in human development. Numerous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have investigated the associations of DNA methylation at single CpG sites with childhood outcomes. However, the overall contribution of DNA methylation across the genome (R2Methylation) towards childhood phenotypes is unknown. An estimate of R2Methylation would provide context regarding the importance of DNA methylation explaining variance in health outcomes. We therefore estimated the variance explained by epigenome-wide cord blood methylation (R2Methylation) for five childhood phenotypes: gestational age, birth weight, and body mass index (BMI), IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age. We adapted a genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) approach with cross-validation (CV) to DNA methylation data and applied it in two population-based birth cohorts: ALSPAC (n = 775) and Generation R (n = 1382). Results Using information from > 470,000 autosomal probes we estimated that DNA methylation at birth explains 32% (SDCV = 0.06) of gestational age variance and 5% (SDCV = 0.02) of birth weight variance. The R2Methylation estimates for BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age estimates were near 0% across almost all cross-validation iterations. Conclusions The results suggest that cord blood methylation explains a moderate degree of variance in gestational age and birth weight, in line with the success of previous EWAS in identifying numerous CpG sites associated with these phenotypes. In contrast, we could not obtain a reliable estimate for school-age BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms. This may reflect a null bias due to insufficient sample size to detect variance explained in more weakly associated phenotypes, although the true R2Methylation for these phenotypes is likely below that of gestational age and birth weight when using DNA methylation at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Building V of the University of Antwerp (UA) - CDE, Parking 4, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Krishna AG, Goyal N, Ram D, Rajan AK, Kshitiz KK. Hunger Hormones in Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220415112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adolescents is largely unexplored.
Objectives:
The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their association with lipid profiles in adolescents with DMDD.
Methods:
Twenty adolescents with a DSM 5 diagnosis of DMDD with age and gender-matched 19 healthy controls were recruited, followed by clinical assessment. They were assessed for leptin, ghrelin, and lipid profiles, respectively.
Results:
Adolescents with DMDD were comparable in age, education, family income, domicile status, psychiatric illness in the family, and body mass index (BMI) with matched controls. There was no difference in mean lipid profile and ghrelin in both groups. However, the DMDD group had statistically significant higher mean level of leptin as compared to the control group (t=1.84, p < 0.05). As measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale in DMDD, aggression showed a significant positive correlation with measures of lipid profile.
Conclusion:
Adolescents with DMDD have elevated serum leptin levels. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
| | - Dushad Ram
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra
| | | | - K. K. Kshitiz
- Professor of Biochemistry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
A Psychometric Investigation of the Ohio Scales, Short Form, Problem Severity Domain, Youth- and Caregiver-Report Versions. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
135
|
Capturing Subtle Neurocognitive Differences in Children with and without Tourette Syndrome through a Fine-Grained Analysis of Design Fluency Profiles. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071946. [PMID: 35407554 PMCID: PMC8999369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) can be accompanied by neurocognitive impairment. Only a few studies have focused on executive function assessment in TS using design fluency, providing preliminary results. This study aimed to characterize the detailed design fluency profile of children with TS compared with neurotypical children, while addressing the central concern of frequent comorbidities in studies on TS by considering tic severity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and diagnosis. METHODS Sixty-one children aged between 6 and 15 years participated and were divided into a TS group (n = 28 (with ADHD n = 15)) and a control group (n = 33). Our objective was addressed by examining a wide range of measures of the Five-Point-Test, presumably sensitive to frontostriatal dysfunction. The total number of designs, repetitions, repetition ratio, unique designs, and numerical, spatial, and total strategies were examined for the total duration of the test (global measures) and at five equal time intervals (process measures). RESULTS The TS group produced significantly fewer numerical strategies. Groups did not differ in other global or process measures. ADHD did not affect performance. CONCLUSIONS Children with TS do not inherently show general executive dysfunction but may present with subtle neurocognitive characteristics here revealed by comprehensive design fluency profiles.
Collapse
|
136
|
De Giacomo A, Medicamento S, Pedaci C, Giambersio D, Giannico OV, Petruzzelli MG, Simone M, Corsalini M, Marzulli L, Matera E. Peripheral Iron Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorders vs. Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Preliminary Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074006. [PMID: 35409689 PMCID: PMC8997833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social skills and specific behaviors and interests. Among other environmental factors, iron may play a role in the development of ASD. The aim of this study is to compare the iron status of children with ASD with that of children affected by neurodevelopmental disorders other than ASD (OND). A total of 167 patients were enrolled, including 93 children with ASD and 74 children with OND. In the two groups, we determined ferritin, iron, transferrin, hemoglobin, HCT, and MCV in the serum. We found a significant difference in serum ferritin and MCV levels between the two groups (p < 0.05), with lower ferritin and higher MCV values in the ASD group. There was no significant association with the other variables. Our results may support the hypothesis of altered iron status in ASD, justifying more frequent examinations of blood iron parameters in these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Giacomo
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Medicamento
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Pedaci
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Donatella Giambersio
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Marta Simone
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilia Matera
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.P.); (D.G.); (M.G.P.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Scott K, Becker SJ, Helseth SA, Saldanha IJ, Balk EM, Adam GP, Konnyu KJ, Steele DW. Pharmacotherapy interventions for adolescent co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders: a systematic review. Fam Pract 2022; 39:301-310. [PMID: 34448853 PMCID: PMC9126201 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-occurring mental health and substance use (SU) disorders among adolescents are common, with two-thirds of adolescents who seek SU treatment also requiring support for mental health. Primary care physicians play a key role in the pharmacological treatment of mental health disorders among adolescents, however, little is known about the impact of these treatments on SU outcomes. OBJECTIVES This systematic review summarizes the evidence regarding commonly used pharmacotherapy interventions for mental health and their impact on adolescent SU. METHODS Literature searches were conducted across five databases as part of a larger systematic review of adolescent SU interventions. Studies were screened for eligibility by two researchers, and study data were extracted regarding study design, patient and treatment characteristics and results. Risk of bias analyses and qualitative syntheses were completed to evaluate the strength of the evidence and the impact of pharmacotherapy on SU outcomes. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials exploring seven pharmacotherapies met criteria for inclusion. All studies had low to moderate risk of bias. Four studies evaluated pharmacotherapy for co-occurring depression and SU, three evaluated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and SU, and three evaluated bipolar disorder and SU. Five of the 10 studies also included a behavioural intervention. We found no evidence that pharmacotherapy for co-occurring mental health diagnoses impacted SU. CONCLUSION Family medicine clinicians prescribing pharmacotherapy for mental health should be aware that additional interventions will likely be needed to address co-occurring SU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Scott
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sara J Becker
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah A Helseth
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ian J Saldanha
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ethan M Balk
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gaelen P Adam
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristin J Konnyu
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dale W Steele
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Internet Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030428. [PMID: 35327800 PMCID: PMC8947564 DOI: 10.3390/children9030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been related to an increased risk for behavioral addictions, the relationship between ADHD and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is still debated. The aim of this study is to address this topic by exploring the prevalence of IGD in a consecutive sample of ADHD youth, compared to a normal control group, and by assessing selected psychopathological and cognitive features in ADHD patients with and without IGD. One hundred and eight patients with ADHD (mean age 11.7 ± 2.6 years, 96 males) and 147 normal controls (NC) (mean age 13.9 ± 3.0 years, 114 males) were included in the study and received structured measures for IGD. In the ADHD group, 44% of the sample were above the IGD cut-off, compared to 9.5% in the NC group. ADHD patients with IGD presented with greater severity and impairment, more severe ADHD symptomatology, more internalizing symptoms, particularly withdrawal/depression and socialization problems, and more prominence of addiction and evasion dimensions. A binary logistic regression showed that the degree of inattention presented a greater weight in determining IGD. These findings may be helpful for identifying, among ADHD patients, those at higher risk for developing a superimposed IGD.
Collapse
|
139
|
The effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategy on treatment outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1562-1572. [PMID: 35027679 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines currently recommend practitioners titrate stimulant medications, i.e., methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamines (AMP), to the dose that maximizes symptom control without eliciting intolerable adverse events (AEs) when treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-aged children/adolescents. However, robust evidence-base regarding the effects of doses and dosing strategies of stimulants on clinical outcomes in the treatment of children/adolescents with ADHD is currently lacking and stimulants are often underdosed in clinical practice. To address this gap and provide rigorous evidence-base in relation to the dose and dosing strategy of stimulants, we conducted the largest systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examining change in ADHD symptoms (efficacy), and treatment discontinuations due to AEs (tolerability) and any reason (acceptability). We conducted one-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analyses examining MPH and AMP separately, stratifying trials based on fixed-dose and flexible-dose design. Daily doses of stimulants were converted to MPH- and AMP-equivalent doses by adjusting for different pharmacokinetics across formulations. We also conducted pairwise meta-analyses to provide indirect comparisons between flexible-dose versus fixed-dose trials. Our study included 65 RCTs involving 7 877 children/adolescents. Meta-analyses of fixed-dose trials for both MPH and AMP demonstrated increased efficacy and increased likelihood of discontinuation due to AEs with increasing doses of stimulants. The incremental benefits of stimulants in terms of efficacy decreased beyond 30 mg of MPH or 20 mg of AMP in fixed-dosed trials. In contrast, meta-analyses of flexible-dose trials for both MPH and AMP demonstrated increased efficacy and reduced likelihood of discontinuations for any reason with increasing stimulant doses. The incremental benefits of stimulants in terms of efficacy remained constant across the FDA-licensed dose range for MPH and AMP in flexible-dose trials. Our results suggest that flexible titration as needed, i.e., considering the presence of ADHD symptoms, and tolerated, i.e., considering the presence of dose-limiting AEs, to higher doses of stimulants is associated with both improved efficacy and acceptability because practitioners can increase/reduce doses based on control of ADHD symptoms/dose-limiting AEs. Although fixed-dose trials that are required by the FDA are valuable to characterize dose-dependency, they may underestimate the true potential benefit of trialing dose-increases of stimulants in clinical practice by not allowing dose adjustment based on response and tolerability. Additional research is required to investigate potential long-term effects of using high doses of stimulants in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
140
|
Chauhan N, Shah R, Padhy S, Malhotra S, Kohli A. Is the temperamental trait of high persistence protective in siblings? - A comparative, exploratory study of healthy siblings, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder probands. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:164-170. [PMID: 35494331 PMCID: PMC9045346 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_399_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study of temperament in first-degree relatives is an important line of inquiry to substantiate temperament as an etiological marker. AIM This study aims to compare temperament in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their healthy siblings and to assess the association between ADHD symptoms and temperament dimensions in healthy siblings. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was carried out in the outpatient department of psychiatry in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A cross-sectional design with nonprobabilistic sampling technique was used for data collection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hundred children (50 children with ADHD and 50 siblings-one for each child with ADHD) were assessed retrospectively on temperament measurement schedule (TMS) and conners parent rating scale-revised: short form (CPRS-R: S). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation and frequency and percentage were computed for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Student's t-test was computed to compare means of the two groups and regression analysis was computed to see for the variance in ADHD subscale scores explained by temperament scores on TMS. RESULTS Siblings scored highest on the intensity of reaction and lowest on threshold of responsiveness. Compared to probands, siblings scored significantly higher on persistence and lower on activity level, even after controlling for gender. Persistence trait had a significant negative correlation with and explained 7.4% to 21% of variance of all CPRS-R: S subscales. Persistence and distractibility together explained 23.2% of inattention scores. CONCLUSION Higher persistence in siblings appears to offer protection to these at-risk individuals who do not have ADHD; favoring the dual pathway model of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Instittute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchita Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Instittute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Savita Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Instittute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Adarsh Kohli
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Instittute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Biele G, Lekhal R, Overgaard KR, Vaage Wang M, Eek Brandlistuen R, Friis S, Zeiner P. The effect of special educational assistance in early childhood education and care on psycho-social difficulties in elementary school children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:14. [PMID: 35209931 PMCID: PMC8876084 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three to seven percent of pre-schoolers have developmental problems or child psychiatric disorders. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that interventions in early childhood education and care (ECEC) improve long-term outcomes of children from disadvantaged backgrounds. It is unknown if such effects generalize beyond the well-structured context of RCTs and to children who may not have a disadvantaged background but have developmental problems or psychiatric disorders. METHODS We used data from the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, recruiting pregnant women from 1999 to 2009, with child follow-up from ages 6, 18, and 36 months to ages 5, 7, and 8 years. This sub-study included 2499 children with developmental problems or psychiatric disorders at age five. We investigated the effects of special educational assistance at age five on mother-reported internalizing, externalizing, and communication problems at age eight. We analysed bias due to treatment by indication with directed acyclic graphs, adjusted for treatment predictors to reduce bias, and estimated effects in different patient groups and outcome domains with a hierarchical Bayesian model. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis, pre-schoolers who received special educational assistance had on average by 0.1 (0.04-0.16) standardised mean deviation fewer psycho-social difficulties in elementary school. CONCLUSION In a sample of children from mostly higher socioeconomic backgrounds we estimate a positive effects of special educational assistance during the transition from preschool to the school years. It may therefore be considered as an intervention for pre-schoolers with developmental or behaviour problems. More research with improved measurements of treatment and outcomes is needed to solidify the findings and identify success factors for the implementation of special educational assistance in ECEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Biele
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes gate 6, 0473, Oslo, Norway. .,Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ratib Lekhal
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mari Vaage Wang
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes gate 6, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes gate 6, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Friis
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Aggarwal N, Williams LE, Tromp DPM, Pine DS, Kalin NH. A dynamic relation between whole-brain white matter microstructural integrity and anxiety symptoms in preadolescent females with pathological anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35136030 PMCID: PMC8825837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological anxiety typically emerges during preadolescence and has been linked to alterations in white matter (WM) pathways. Because myelination is critical for efficient neuronal communication, characterizing associations between WM microstructure and symptoms may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms associated with childhood pathological anxiety. This longitudinal study examined 182 girls enrolled between the ages of 9-11 that were treatment-naïve at study entry: healthy controls (n = 49), subthreshold-anxiety disorders (AD) (n = 82), or meeting DSM-5 criteria for generalized, social, and/or separation ADs (n = 51), as determined through structured clinical interview. Anxiety severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale and Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Participants (n = 182) underwent clinical, behavioral, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at study entry, and those with pathological anxiety (subthreshold-AD and AD, n = 133) were followed longitudinally for up to 3 additional years. Cross-sectional ANCOVAs (182 scans) examining control, subthreshold-AD, and AD participants found no significant relations between anxiety and DTI measurements. However, in longitudinal analyses of girls with pathological anxiety (343 scans), linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that increases in anxiety symptoms (SCARED scores) were associated with reductions in whole-brain fractional anisotropy, independent of age (Std. β (95% CI) = -0.06 (-0.09 to -0.03), F(1, 46.24) = 11.90, P = 0.001). Using a longitudinal approach, this study identified a dynamic, within-participant relation between whole-brain WM microstructural integrity and anxiety in girls with pathological anxiety. Given the importance of WM microstructure in modulating neural communication, this finding suggests the possibility that WM development could be a viable target in the treatment of anxiety-related psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Lisa E. Williams
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Do P. M. Tromp
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Section on Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Mei H, Xie R, Li T, Chen Z, Liu Y, Sun C. Effect of Atomoxetine on Behavioral Difficulties and Growth Development of Primary School Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Prospective Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020212. [PMID: 35204932 PMCID: PMC8870549 DOI: 10.3390/children9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over six years old. Although it is common knowledge that primary school children with ADHD often present with difficulties in the morning prior to school and in the evening, these two periods, and the family interactions they involve, are often neglected in studies of ADHD. Questionnaire–Children with Difficulties (QCD) has been widely used in China to evaluate parents’ perceptions of ADHD and patients’ daily behaviors during different times. In the long term, the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine have been well established in previous studies. Still, the short-term effects of atomoxetine treatment on serum growth parameters, such as IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function, are not well documented. Therefore, this study was the first one using the QCD to quantify the efficacy of atomoxetine treatment in the morning prior to school and in the evening, and has investigated the possible influence on the growth parameters of Chinese primary school children with ADHD. (2) Method: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August 2019 to February 2021. Changes in the children’s behavior and core ADHD symptoms following treatment were assessed using three parent-reported questionnaires, including Children with Difficulties (QCD), the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV), and the Conners’ parents rating scales (CPRS). The height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured and corrected to reflect the standard deviations (SDS) in Chinese children based on age and gender. Serum growth parameters, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and thyroid function, were also measured to assess the children’s growth development. Any adverse drug reactions were assessed every three weeks. (3) Result: Finally, 149 children were enrolled in this study, and they completed 12 weeks of atomoxetine treatment. The QCD results indicated that the atomoxetine treatment could significantly alleviate behavioral difficulties in primary children with ADHD, especially in the morning prior to school (p < 0.001, r = 0.66) and in the evening (p < 0.001, r = 0.73). A statically significant decrease in weight SDS (p < 0.05) was noted during treatment, but the effect size was slight (r = 0.09). The atomoxetine treatment had no significant impact on height SDS, BMI SDS, and serum growth parameters, such as the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function. The SNAP-IV results showed a significant improvement in the core symptoms of ADHD, while the CPRS results indicated a significant improvement in controlling ADHD symptoms across two different domains, learning problems (r = 0.81) and hyperactivity (r = 0.86). No severe adverse reactions were observed in the course of treatment, and the most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms. (4) Conclusions: Atomoxetine is an effective and safe treatment for primary school children with ADHD. In China, it may be an excellent choice to alleviate parenting stress and improve the condition of primary school children with ADHD. Moreover, our study indicated that the serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were within the normal range in newly diagnosed ADHD children, and atomoxetine will not affect the serum concentration of growth parameters, such as IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function, in the short term. However, the treatment may reduce appetite, resulting in a reduction in the Children’s weight for a short period. Further observational studies to monitor the long-term effects of atomoxetine on primary school children are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Ruijin Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Zongxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188, Shixin Avenue, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Castelnovo A, Lividini A, Bernardi G, Pezzoli V, Foderaro G, Ramelli GP, Manconi M, Miano S. Sleep Power Topography in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020197. [PMID: 35204918 PMCID: PMC8870029 DOI: 10.3390/children9020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent years saw an increasing interest towards sleep microstructure abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the existing literature on sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) power in ADHD is still controversial, often based on single electrode recordings, and mainly focused on slow wave activity (SWA) during NREM sleep. This study aimed to systematically investigate sleep power topography in all traditional frequency bands, in all sleep stages and across sleep cycles using high-density EEG (HD-EEG). METHOD Thirty drug-naïve children with ADHD (10.5 ± 2.1 years, 21 male) and 23 typically developing (TD) control participants (mean age: 10.2 ± 1.6 years, 13 male) were included in the current analysis. Signal power topography was computed in classical frequency bands during sleep, contrasted between groups and sleep cycles, and correlated with measures of ADHD severity, cognitive functioning and estimated total sleep time. RESULTS Compared to TD subjects, patients with ADHD consistently displayed a widespread increase in low-frequency activity (between 3 and 10 Hz) during NREM sleep, but not during REM sleep and wake before sleep onset. Such a difference involved a wide centro-posterior cluster of channels in the upper SWA range, in Theta, and low-Alpha. Between-group difference was maximal in sleep stage N3 in the first sleep cycle, and positively correlated with average total sleep time. CONCLUSIONS These results support the concept that children with ADHD, compared to TD peers, have a higher sleep pressure and altered sleep homeostasis, which possibly interfere with (and delay) cortical maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castelnovo
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Althea Lividini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Valdo Pezzoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Civico, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (V.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Foderaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Civico, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (V.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gian Paolo Ramelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Giovanni Hospital, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Miano
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Functional neuronal networks reveal emotional processing differences in children with ADHD. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:91-100. [PMID: 35126772 PMCID: PMC8807801 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that, in addition to inattention, excessive activity, or impulsivity, makes it difficult for children to process facial emotions and thus to interact with their peers. Here we analyze neuronal networks of children with this disorder by means of the phase-locking value (PLV) method. In particular, we determine the level of phase synchronization between 62 EEG channels of 22 healthy boys and 22 boys with ADHD, recorder whilst observing facial emotions of anger, happiness, neutrality, and sadness. We construct neuronal networks based on the gamma sub-band, which according to previous studies, shows the highest response to emotional stimuli. We find that the functional connectivity of the frontal and occipital lobes in the ADHD group is significantly (P-value < 0.01) higher than in the healthy group. More functional connectivity in these lobes shows more phase synchronization between the neurons of these brain regions, representing some problems in the brain emotional processing center in the ADHD group. The shortest path lengths in these lobes are also significantly (P-value < 0.01) higher in the ADHD group than in the healthy group. This result indicates less efficiency of information transmission and segregation in occipital and frontal lobes of ADHD neuronal networks, responsible for visual and emotional processing in the brain, respectively. We hope that our approach will help obtain further insights into ADHD with methods of network science.
Collapse
|
146
|
Sanabra M, Gómez-Hinojosa T, Grau N, Alda JA. Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Sleep Problems in ADHD with and without Pharmacological Treatment. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:426-433. [PMID: 33472511 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720986242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to analyse DESR and its influence on sleep parameters in three different groups of children and adolescents: a group newly diagnosed with ADHD naïve, a group with ADHD under pharmacological treatment and a control group. METHOD Subjects were a total of 327 children and adolescents. Two groups diagnosed with ADHD: 108 medication-naïve and 80 under pharmacological treatment; and one group with 136 healthy subjects. DESR was defined using anxious/depressed, attention problems and aggressive behaviors (AAA) scales from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and sleep through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. RESULTS Significant differences were found comparing the three groups (p = .001), with a significantly higher profile on DESR in ADHD subjects, especially those who did not undergo treatment, and a positive correlation between DESR and sleep. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD without treatment present higher DESR than healthy controls and consequently higher sleep problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sanabra
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Grau
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Alda
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Research Group Mental Health Interventions
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sex differences in microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum tracts in drug-naïve children with ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1592-1604. [PMID: 35102486 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Widespread alterations in the corpus callosum (CC) microstructure and organization have been found in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, few studies have investigated the diffusion characteristics and volume of transcallosal fiber tracts defined by specific cortical projections in ADHD, which is important for identifying distinct functional interhemispheric connection abnormalities. In the current study, an automated fiber-tract quantification (AFQ) approach based on diffusion tensor imaging identified seven CC tracts according to their cortical projections and estimated diffusion parameters and volume among 76 drug-naïve ADHD patients (53 boys and 23 girls) and 37 typically developing children (TDC) (20 boys and 17 girls) matched for age, IQ, and handedness. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the occipital and superior parietal tracts and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the posterior, superior parietal and anterior frontal tracts in children with ADHD compared with TDC. In addition, lower FA and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the occipital callosal tract were significantly associated with higher hyperactivity and impulsivity performance in ADHD. In addition, sex-by-diagnosis interactions were observed in the occipital, posterior and superior parietal tracts. Girls with ADHD showed decreased FA and volume in the occipital tract, which were significantly associated with increased impulsivity performance and poor response control, and increased MD in the posterior and superior parietal callosal tracts, which were significantly associated with increased inattention performance, whereas boys with ADHD merely showed decreased volume in the frontal tract. Our results elucidated that sex-specific alterations in the CC tracts potentially underlie ADHD symptomatology and further suggested a differential contribution of abnormalities in different CC tracts to impulsivity and inattention among girls with ADHD.
Collapse
|
148
|
Moderators and Other Predictors of Methylphenidate Response in Children and Adolescents with ADHD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031640. [PMID: 35162663 PMCID: PMC8834961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the treatment of first choice for developmental ADHD. To date, no reliable method to predict how patients will respond to MPH exists and conflicting results are reported on clinical characteristics of responders. The present study aims to give a more precise characterization of the patients who will respond best to MPH to help clinicians in defining the treatment plan. Age, neuropsychological functioning (i.e., attention and working memory), and behavioral/emotional symptoms of 48 drug-naïve children and adolescents with ADHD (42 boys and 6 girls, age-range 6–16 years, mean age 10.5 ± 2.5 years, mean IQ 101.3 ± 11.2) were studied to assess how these different characteristics affected a single-dose MPH response. Four hierarchical linear regression models were used to explore whether age, neuropsychological measures at baseline, and behavioral/emotional symptoms could predict attention and working memory measures after a single-dose MPH administration. We found that improvement in attention and working memory was predicted by age, neuropsychological measures at baseline, and severity of ADHD symptoms. No behavioral and emotional symptoms predicted single-dose MPH response with the exception of conduct symptoms.
Collapse
|
149
|
Salvat H, Mohammadi MN, Molavi P, Mostafavi SA, Rostami R, Salehinejad MA. Nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and anthropometric variables of children with ADHD in comparison to healthy controls: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35093041 PMCID: PMC8800296 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor health behaviors and variables are recently more documented in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lifestyle which might be relevant to the pathophysiology of this disorder. The objective of this case-control study was to assess the nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and anthropometric variables in children with ADHD compared to normal peers. METHOD One hundred children diagnosed with ADHD were included and compared to 100 healthy, sex-matched normal children as the control group. Anthropometric indices, macronutrients, and micronutrients were measured and compared in both groups. RESULTS ADHD children were significantly consuming more simple sugars, tea, ready-made meals but less protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, zinc and calcium compared to the control group. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of children with ADHD were significantly higher and were related to the severity and type of the disease. CONCLUSION Unhealthy eating behavior is more frequent in children with ADHD, compared to normal children which might warrant lifestyle intervention in this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Salvat
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehriar Nader Mohammadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Kean JD, Downey LA, Sarris J, Kaufman J, Zangara A, Stough C. Effects of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08®) in a population of males exhibiting inattention and hyperactivity aged 6 to 14 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:996-1012. [PMID: 35041248 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the efficacy of extract of Bacopa monnieri (BM; CDRI 08®) in reducing levels of inattention and hyperactivity in young children. BM has demonstrated improvements in cognitive outcomes in adults, yet little research is available on its effects in younger populations. A 14-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with placebo run-in and run-out phases, investigated the effects of BM on behavioural, cognitive, mood, and sleep effects in male children aged 6 to 14 years against placebo. One-hundred and twelve participants were recruited into the trial, with 93 datasets available for analysis. No significant behavioural differences were noted between treatment groups. Cognitive outcomes indicated decreased error-making in children taking CDRI 08® (p = .04) and increased speed of reaction time in those taking placebo (p = .04) at study end. Improvements in cognitive flexibility (p = .01), executive functioning (p = .04), interpersonal problems (p = .02), and sleep routine (p = .04) were noted in those consuming CDRI 08® over placebo. CDRI 08® did not improve behavioural outcomes, but may have cognitive, mood and sleep benefits in children aged 6 to 14 years. Further study is required to support the findings presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Kean
- Orygen Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Zangara
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|